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Kim BG, Yuk JS, Kim GS, Seo JK, Jin MN, Lee HY, Seo YS, Kim MH, Yang SW, Yoon SH, Byun YS, Kim BO. Effect of early hysterectomy on a risk of incident cardiovascular disease in women: a nationwide population-based cohort study. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.2495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Aim
Women who inevitably underwent surgical hysterectomy before natural menopause may have an earlier increase in hematocrit and storage iron than women who continue menstruation, thereby increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) early. We aimed to evaluate the association of women with hysterectomy vs. without hysterectomy before their 50s with the risk of incident CVD.
Methods
This was a retrospective-cohort study, 135,575 women aged 40 to 50 years in 2011–2014 were extracted from the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service data and after propensity score matching, 55,539 pairs were included in hysterectomy and non-hysterectomy group respectively. The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE), a composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and coronary artery revascularization.
Results
After adjustment for confounding factors, hysterectomy group had an increased risk of MACCE compared with non-hysterectomy group (hazard ratio [HR], 1.25; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09–1.44). Regarding individual outcomes, cardiovascular death, MI, and coronary revascularization were comparable between the groups, whereas, the risk of stroke was significantly higher in hysterectomy group than non-hysterectomy group (HR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.12–1.53). Even after excluding women who underwent oophorectomy, hysterectomy group had a higher risk of MACCE than non-hysterectomy group (HR, 1.24; 95% CI 1.06–1.44).
Conclusions
Early surgical menopause due to hysterectomy, not hormonal menopause, was associated with an increased risk for a composite of CVD, especially stroke. This suggest that the role of “uterus” as well as sex hormones may be important for the sharp increase in the risk of CVD in women after menopause.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Affiliation(s)
- B G Kim
- Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Cardiology , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - J S Yuk
- Sanggye Paik Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - G S Kim
- Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Cardiology , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - J K Seo
- Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Cardiology , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - M N Jin
- Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Cardiology , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - H Y Lee
- Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Cardiology , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - Y S Seo
- Sanggye Paik Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - M H Kim
- Sanggye Paik Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - S W Yang
- Sanggye Paik Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - S H Yoon
- Sanggye Paik Hospital, Obstetrics and Gynecology , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - Y S Byun
- Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Cardiology , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
| | - B O Kim
- Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Cardiology , Seoul , Korea (Republic of)
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Yim HJ, Kim IH, Suh SJ, Jung YK, Kim JH, Seo YS, Yeon JE, Kim CW, Kwon SY, Park SH, Lee MS, Um SH, Byun KS. Switching to tenofovir vs continuing entecavir for hepatitis B virus with partial virologic response to entecavir: a randomized controlled trial. J Viral Hepat 2018; 25:1321-1330. [PMID: 29772084 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Entecavir 0.5 mg (ETV) is widely used among treatment-naïve chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. However, 10%-30% of patients show partial virologic response (PVR) to the drug. If the hepatitis B virus (HBV) continues to replicate, the underlying liver disease may progress. Herein, we compared the efficacy of switching to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) with that of continuing ETV in CHB patients with PVR to ETV. This was an open-label randomized controlled trial including CHB patients who had been receiving 0.5 mg of ETV for >12 months, but who still had detectable HBV DNA levels of >60 IU/mL without known resistance to ETV. Sixty patients were enrolled and 45 qualified for the study: Twenty-two patients were randomly assigned into the TDF group and 23 into the ETV group. After 12 months of treatment, the virologic response rate (HBV DNA <20 IU/mL) was significantly higher in the TDF group than in the ETV group, as measured using per-protocol analysis (55% vs 20%; P = .022) and intention-to-treat analysis (50% vs 17.4%; P = .020). The reduction in HBV DNA was greater (-1.13 vs -0.67 log10 IU/mL; P = .024), and the mean HBV DNA level was lower (1.54 vs 2.01 log10 IU/mL; P = .011) in the TDF group than in the ETV group. In conclusion, to achieve optimal response in CHB patients with PVR to ETV, switching to TDF would be a better strategy than continuing ETV. Appropriate modification of therapy would further improve the outcome of chronic HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Yim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, South Korea
| | - I H Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - S J Suh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Y K Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, South Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Gachon University Gil Hospital, Incheon, South Korea
| | - J H Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Y S Seo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - J E Yeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - C W Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - S Y Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Konkuk University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - S H Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - M S Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - S H Um
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - K S Byun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
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Lee HA, Cho EY, Kim TH, Lee Y, Suh SJ, Jung YK, Kim JH, An H, Seo YS, Kim DS, Yim HJ, Yeon JE, Byun KS, Um SH. Risk Factors for Dropout From the Liver Transplant Waiting List of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients Under Locoregional Treatment. Transplant Proc 2018; 50:3521-3526. [PMID: 30577230 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2018.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In new organ allocation policy, patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) experience a 6-month delay in being granted Model for End-Stage Liver Disease exception points. However, it may not be fair for patients at risk of early progression of HCC. METHODS All patients who were diagnosed as United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) stage 1 or 2 of HCC between January 2004 and December 2012 were included. Patients who received surgical resection or liver transplant (LT) as a primary treatment and who did not receive any treatment for HCC were excluded. Patients with baseline Model for End-Stage Liver Disease score ≥22 were also excluded because they have a higher chance of receiving LT. Patients who developed extrahepatic progression within 1 year were considered as high-risk for early recurrence after LT. RESULTS A total of 586 patients were included. Mean (SD) age was 59.9 (10.3) years and 409 patients (69.8%) were men. The cumulative incidence of estimated dropout was 8.9% at 6 months; size of the maximum nodule (≥3 cm) and nonachievement of complete response were independent factors. Extrahepatic progression developed in 16 patients (2.7%) within 1 year; size of the maximum nodule (4 cm) and alpha-fetoprotein level (>100 ng/mL) were independent predictors. CONCLUSIONS The estimated dropout rate from the waiting list within 6 months was 8.9%. Advantage points might be needed for patients with maximum nodule size ≥3 cm or those with noncomplete response. However, in patients with maximum nodule size ≥4 cm or alpha-fetoprotein level >100 ng/mL, caution is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - E Y Cho
- Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - T H Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S J Suh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y K Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - J H Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - H An
- Department of Biostatistics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y S Seo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - D-S Kim
- Department of Surgery, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - H J Yim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - J E Yeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - K S Byun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S H Um
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Kim EY, Park KY, Seo YS, Kim WT. Arabidopsis Small Rubber Particle Protein Homolog SRPs Play Dual Roles as Positive Factors for Tissue Growth and Development and in Drought Stress Responses. Plant Physiol 2016; 170:2494-510. [PMID: 26903535 PMCID: PMC4825120 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) act as repositories for fatty acids and sterols, which are used for various cellular processes such as energy production and membrane and hormone synthesis. LD-associated proteins play important roles in seed development and germination, but their functions in postgermination growth are not well understood. Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) contains three SRP homologs (SRP1, SRP2, and SRP3) that share sequence identities with small rubber particle proteins of the rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis). In this report, the possible cellular roles of SRPs in postgermination growth and the drought tolerance response were investigated. Arabidopsis SRPs appeared to be LD-associated proteins and displayed polymerization properties in vivo and in vitro. SRP-overexpressing transgenic Arabidopsis plants (35S:SRP1, 35S:SRP2, and 35S:SRP3) exhibited higher vegetative and reproductive growth and markedly better tolerance to drought stress than wild-type Arabidopsis. In addition, constitutive over-expression of SRPs resulted in increased numbers of large LDs in postgermination seedlings. In contrast, single (srp1, 35S:SRP2-RNAi, and srp3) and triple (35S:SRP2-RNAi/srp1srp3) loss-of-function mutant lines exhibited the opposite phenotypes. Our results suggest that Arabidopsis SRPs play dual roles as positive factors in postgermination growth and the drought stress tolerance response. The possible relationships between LD-associated proteins and the drought stress response are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Yu Kim
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Ki Youl Park
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Young Sam Seo
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Woo Taek Kim
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
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Park KY, Kim EY, Seo YS, Kim WT. Constitutive expression of CaPLA1 conferred enhanced growth and grain yield in transgenic rice plants. Plant Mol Biol 2016; 90:517-32. [PMID: 26803502 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-016-0440-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipids are not only important components of cell membranes, but participate in diverse processes in higher plants. In this study, we generated Capsicum annuum phospholipiase A1 (CaPLA1) overexpressing transgenic rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants under the control of the maize ubiquitin promoter. The T4 CaPLA1-overexpressing rice plants (Ubi:CaPLA1) had a higher root:shoot mass ratio than the wild-type plants in the vegetative stage. Leaf epidermal cells from transgenic plants had more cells than wild-type plants. Genes that code for cyclin and lipid metabolic enzymes were up-regulated in the transgenic lines. When grown under typical paddy field conditions, the transgenic plants produced more tillers, longer panicles and more branches per panicle than the wild-type plants, all of which resulted in greater grain yield. Microarray analysis suggests that gene expressions that are related with cell proliferation, lipid metabolism, and redox state were widely altered in CaPLA1-overexpressing transgenic rice plants. Ubi:CaPLA1 plants had a reduced membrane peroxidation state, as determined by malondialdehyde and conjugated diene levels and higher peroxidase activity than wild-type rice plants. Furthermore, three isoprenoid synthetic genes encoding terpenoid synthase, hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase were up-regulated in CaPLA1-overexpressing plants. We suggest that constitutive expression of CaPLA1 conferred increased grain yield with enhanced growth in transgenic rice plants by alteration of gene activities related with cell proliferation, lipid metabolism, membrane peroxidation state and isoprenoid biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Youl Park
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, Korea
| | - Eun Yu Kim
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, Korea
| | - Young Sam Seo
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, Korea
- Research Institute, Korea Ginseng Corp., Daejeon, 305-805, Korea
| | - Woo Taek Kim
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, Korea.
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Jang SH, Seo YS. Injury of the Contralateral Lower Ascending Reticular Activating System by an Intracerebral Hemorrhage. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2015; 36:E58-9. [PMID: 26113072 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a4446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S H Jang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation College of Medicine, Yeungnam University Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Y S Seo
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation College of Medicine, Yeungnam University Daegu, Republic of Korea
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7
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Kim EY, Seo YS, Park KY, Kim SJ, Kim WT. Overexpression of CaDSR6 increases tolerance to drought and salt stresses in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. Gene 2014; 552:146-54. [PMID: 25234727 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The partial CaDSR6 (Capsicum annuum Drought Stress Responsive 6) cDNA was previously identified as a drought-induced gene in hot pepper root tissues. However, the cellular role of CaDSR6 with regard to drought stress tolerance was unknown. In this report, full-length CaDSR6 cDNA was isolated. The deduced CaDSR6 protein was composed of 234 amino acids and contained an approximately 30 amino acid-long Asp-rich domain in its central region. This Asp-rich domain was highly conserved in all plant DSR6 homologs identified and shared a sequence identity with the N-terminal regions of yeast p23(fyp) and human hTCTP, which contain Rab protein binding sites. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing CaDSR6 (35S:CaDSR6-sGFP) were tolerant to high salinity, as identified by more vigorous root growth and higher levels of total chlorophyll than wild type plants. CaDSR6-overexpressors were also more tolerant to drought stress compared to wild type plants. The 35S:CaDSR6-sGFP leaves retained their water content and chlorophyll more efficiently than wild type leaves in response to dehydration stress. The expression of drought-induced marker genes, such as RD20, RD22, RD26, RD29A, RD29B, RAB18, KIN2, ABF3, and ABI5, was markedly increased in CaDSR6-overexpressing plants relative to wild type plants under both normal and drought conditions. These results suggest that overexpression of CaDSR6 is associated with increased levels of stress-induced genes, which, in turn, conferred a drought tolerant phenotype in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. Overall, our data suggest that CaDSR6 plays a positive role in the response to drought and salt stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Yu Kim
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Sam Seo
- National Resources Research Institute, Korea Ginseng Corp., Daejeon 305-805, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Youl Park
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jin Kim
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Taek Kim
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea.
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Kim S, Park M, Yeom SI, Kim YM, Lee JM, Lee HA, Seo E, Choi J, Cheong K, Kim KT, Jung K, Lee GW, Oh SK, Bae C, Kim SB, Lee HY, Kim SY, Kim MS, Kang BC, Jo YD, Yang HB, Jeong HJ, Kang WH, Kwon JK, Shin C, Lim JY, Park JH, Huh JH, Kim JS, Kim BD, Cohen O, Paran I, Suh MC, Lee SB, Kim YK, Shin Y, Noh SJ, Park J, Seo YS, Kwon SY, Kim HA, Park JM, Kim HJ, Choi SB, Bosland PW, Reeves G, Jo SH, Lee BW, Cho HT, Choi HS, Lee MS, Yu Y, Do Choi Y, Park BS, van Deynze A, Ashrafi H, Hill T, Kim WT, Pai HS, Ahn HK, Yeam I, Giovannoni JJ, Rose JKC, Sørensen I, Lee SJ, Kim RW, Choi IY, Choi BS, Lim JS, Lee YH, Choi D. Genome sequence of the hot pepper provides insights into the evolution of pungency in Capsicum species. Nat Genet 2014; 46:270-8. [PMID: 24441736 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 539] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hot pepper (Capsicum annuum), one of the oldest domesticated crops in the Americas, is the most widely grown spice crop in the world. We report whole-genome sequencing and assembly of the hot pepper (Mexican landrace of Capsicum annuum cv. CM334) at 186.6× coverage. We also report resequencing of two cultivated peppers and de novo sequencing of the wild species Capsicum chinense. The genome size of the hot pepper was approximately fourfold larger than that of its close relative tomato, and the genome showed an accumulation of Gypsy and Caulimoviridae family elements. Integrative genomic and transcriptomic analyses suggested that change in gene expression and neofunctionalization of capsaicin synthase have shaped capsaicinoid biosynthesis. We found differential molecular patterns of ripening regulators and ethylene synthesis in hot pepper and tomato. The reference genome will serve as a platform for improving the nutritional and medicinal values of Capsicum species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungill Kim
- 1] Department of Plant Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. [2]
| | - Minkyu Park
- 1] Department of Plant Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. [2] Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. [3]
| | - Seon-In Yeom
- 1] Department of Plant Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. [2] Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. [3]
| | - Yong-Min Kim
- 1] Department of Plant Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. [2] Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. [3]
| | - Je Min Lee
- 1] Department of Plant Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. [2] Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. [3]
| | - Hyun-Ah Lee
- 1] Department of Plant Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. [2]
| | - Eunyoung Seo
- 1] Department of Plant Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. [2]
| | - Jaeyoung Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyeongchae Cheong
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki-Tae Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyongyong Jung
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gir-Won Lee
- Department of Bioinformatics and Life Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Keun Oh
- 1] Department of Plant Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. [2] Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chungyun Bae
- Department of Plant Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Saet-Byul Kim
- Department of Plant Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye-Young Lee
- Department of Plant Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shin-Young Kim
- Department of Plant Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung-Shin Kim
- Department of Plant Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byoung-Cheorl Kang
- 1] Department of Plant Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. [2] Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. [3] Vegetable Breeding Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeong Deuk Jo
- Department of Plant Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee-Bum Yang
- Department of Plant Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee-Jin Jeong
- Department of Plant Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won-Hee Kang
- Department of Plant Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Kyung Kwon
- Vegetable Breeding Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chanseok Shin
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Yun Lim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - June Hyun Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Hoe Huh
- Department of Plant Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - June-Sik Kim
- Department of Plant Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung-Dong Kim
- Department of Plant Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Oded Cohen
- Agricultural Research Organization, Institute of Plant Science, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Ilan Paran
- Agricultural Research Organization, Institute of Plant Science, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Mi Chung Suh
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Saet Buyl Lee
- Department of Bioenergy Science and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Yeon-Ki Kim
- Genomics Genetics Institute, GreenGene BioTech, Inc., Yongin, Korea
| | | | | | | | - Young Sam Seo
- Ginseng Resources Research Laboratory, Korea Ginseng Corporation, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Suk-Yoon Kwon
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyun A Kim
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jeong Mee Park
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Kim
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sang-Bong Choi
- Division of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, Myongji University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Paul W Bosland
- 1] Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA. [2] Chile Pepper Institute, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA
| | - Gregory Reeves
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA
| | | | | | - Hyung-Taeg Cho
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee-Seung Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Soo Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeisoo Yu
- Arizona Genomics Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Yang Do Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Beom-Seok Park
- Agricultural Genome Center, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, Korea
| | - Allen van Deynze
- Seed Biotechnology Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Hamid Ashrafi
- Seed Biotechnology Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Theresa Hill
- Seed Biotechnology Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Woo Taek Kim
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Sook Pai
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Kyung Ahn
- Department of Systems Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Inhwa Yeam
- Department of Horticulture and Breeding, Andong National University, Andong, Korea
| | - James J Giovannoni
- 1] US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Robert W. Holley Center, Ithaca, New York, USA. [2] Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Jocelyn K C Rose
- Department of Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Iben Sørensen
- Department of Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Sang-Jik Lee
- Biotechnology Institute, Nongwoo Bio, Yeoju, Korea
| | - Ryan W Kim
- Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Ik-Young Choi
- National Instrumentation Center for Environmental Management, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Beom-Soon Choi
- National Instrumentation Center for Environmental Management, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Sung Lim
- National Instrumentation Center for Environmental Management, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Hwan Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Doil Choi
- 1] Department of Plant Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. [2] Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Kang OH, Kim SB, Seo YS, Joung DK, Mun SH, Choi JG, Lee YM, Kang DG, Lee HS, Kwon DY. Curcumin decreases oleic acid-induced lipid accumulation via AMPK phosphorylation in hepatocarcinoma cells. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2013; 17:2578-2586. [PMID: 24142602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common metabolic syndromes and is characterized by the accumulation of hepatic triglycerides (TG), which result from an imbalance between uptake, synthesis, export, and oxidation of fatty acids. Curcumin is a polyphenol derived from the herbal remedy and dietary spice turmeric, was found to prevent obesity and diabetes in mouse models. However, a hypolipidemic effect of curcumin in oleic acid- induced hepatocarcinoma cells has not been reported. In this study, we examined the effect of curcumin on reducing lipid accumulation in hepatic cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hepatocytes were treated with oleic acid (OA) containing with or without curcumin to observe the lipid accumulation by Oil Red O stain. We also tested the effects of curcumin on triglycerides (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) in HepG2 cells. Western blot and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to measure sterol regulatory element binding proteins-1 (SREBP-1), fatty acid synthase (FAS), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α, and adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) expression. RESULTS Curcumin suppressed OA-induced lipid accumulation and TG and TC levels. Also, curcumin decreased hepatic lipogenesis such as SREBP-1, and FAS. Besides, we also found out the antioxidative effect of curcumin by increasing the expression of PPARα. Curcumin increased AMPK phosphorylation in hepatocytes. CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that curcumin has the same ability to activate AMPK and then reduce SREBP-1, and FAS expression, finally leading to inhibit hepatic lipogenesis and hepatic antioxidative ability. In this report, we found curcumin exerted a regulatory effect on lipid accumulation by decreasing lipogenesis in hepatocyte. Therefore, curcumin extract may be active in the prevention of fatty liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- O H Kang
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Wonkwang Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Institute of Biotechnology, Iksan, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea.
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10
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Seo YS, Choi JY, Kim SJ, Kim EY, Shin JS, Kim WT. Constitutive expression of CaRma1H1, a hot pepper ER-localized RING E3 ubiquitin ligase, increases tolerance to drought and salt stresses in transgenic tomato plants. Plant Cell Rep 2012; 31:1659-65. [PMID: 22555403 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-012-1278-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2012] [Revised: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED CaRma1H1, an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized hot pepper really interesting new genes (RING) E3 Ub ligase, was previously reported to be a positive regulator of drought stress responses. To address the possibility that CaRma1H1 can be used to improve tolerance to abiotic stress in crop plants, CaRma1H1 was constitutively expressed in transgenic tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants. CaRma1H1-overexpressing tomato plants (35S:CaRma1H1) exhibited greatly enhanced tolerance to high-salinity treatments compared with wild-type plants. Leaf chlorophyll and proline contents in CaRma1H1 overexpressors were 4.3- to 8.5-fold and 1.2- to 1.5-fold higher, respectively, than in wild-type plants after 300 mM NaCl treatment. Transgenic cotyledons developed and their roots elongated in the presence of NaCl up to 200 mM. In addition, 35S:CaRma1H1 lines were markedly more tolerant to severe drought stress than were wild-type plants. Detached leaves of CaRma1H1 overexpressors preserved water more efficiently than did wild-type leaves during a rapid dehydration process. The ER chaperone genes LePDIL1, LeBIP1, and LeCNX1 were markedly up-regulated in 35S:CaRma1H1 tomatoes compared with wild-type plants. Therefore, overexpression of CaRma1H1 may enhance tomato plant ER responses to drought stress by effectively removing nonfunctional ubiquitinated proteins. Collectively, constitutive expression of CaRma1H1 in tomatoes conferrred strongly enhanced tolerance to salt- and water-stress. This raises the possibility that CaRma1H1 may be useful for developing abiotic stress-tolerant tomato plants. KEY MESSAGE CaRma1H1 increases drought tolerance in transgenic tomato plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Sam Seo
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, Korea
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11
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Chae HS, Kang OH, Keum JH, Kim SB, Mun SH, Seo YS, Kim MR, Choi JG, Shin DW, Oh YC, Ma JY, Kwon DY. Anti-inflammatory effects of Hylomecon hylomeconoides in RAW 264.7 cells. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2012; 16 Suppl 3:121-125. [PMID: 22957426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Papaveraceae serve as a rich source of various alkaloids which have anti-inflammatory effect. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, we investigated the effect of Hylomecon hylomeconoides ethanol extract (HHE) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NO and interleukin-6 (IL-6) production in RAW 264.7 cells. RESULTS HHE inhibited LPS-induced NO and IL-6 production. Moreover, HHE suppressed the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38 in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, major constituents, dihydrosanguinarine and 6-methoxydihydrosanguinarine, of the chloroform-soluble extract were analyzed. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the results of this study indicate that the anti-inflammatory effects of HHE may occur via the inhibition of NO and IL-6 expression through the down-regulation of MAP kinase (ERK1/2, p38) phosphorylation in RAW 264.7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Chae
- Department of Oriental Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Wonkwang, Republic of Korea
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12
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Seo YS, Kim EY, Kim WT. The Arabidopsis sn-1-specific mitochondrial acylhydrolase AtDLAH is positively correlated with seed viability. J Exp Bot 2011; 62:5683-98. [PMID: 21856645 PMCID: PMC3223057 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/err250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Revised: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Lipid-derived molecules produced by acylhydrolases play important roles in the regulation of diverse cellular functions in plants. In Arabidopsis, the DAD1-like phospholipase A1 family consists of 12 members, all of which possess a lipase 3 domain. In this study, the biochemical and cellular functions of AtDLAH, an Arabidopsis thaliana DAD1-like acylhydrolase, were examined. Bacterially expressed AtDLAH contained phospholipase A1 activity for catalysing the hydrolysis of phospholipids at the sn-1 position. However, AtDLAH displayed an even stronger preference for 1-lysophosphatidylcholine, 1-monodiacylglycerol, and phosphatidic acid, suggesting that AtDLAH is a sn-1-specific acylhydrolase. The AtDLAH gene was highly expressed in young seedlings, and its encoded protein was exclusively localized to the mitochondria. AtDLAH-overexpressing transgenic seeds (35S:AtDLAH) were markedly tolerant to accelerated-ageing treatment and thus had higher germination percentages than wild-type seeds. In contrast, the atdlah loss-of-function knockout mutant seeds were hypersusceptible to accelerated-ageing conditions. The 35S:AtDLAH seeds, as opposed to the atdlah seeds, exhibited a dark red staining pattern following tetrazolium treatment under both normal and accelerated-ageing conditions, suggesting that AtDLAH expression is positively correlated with seed viability. The enhanced viability of 35S:AtDLAH seeds was accompanied by more densely populated epidermal cells, lower levels of accumulated lipid hydroperoxides, and higher levels of polar lipids as compared with wild-type and atdlah mutant seeds. These results suggest that AtDLAH, a mitochondrial-localized sn-1-specific acylhydrolase, plays an important role in Arabidopsis seed viability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Woo Taek Kim
- Department of Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
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13
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Kim EY, Seo YS, Kim WT. AtDSEL, an Arabidopsis cytosolic DAD1-like acylhydrolase, is involved in negative regulation of storage oil mobilization during seedling establishment. J Plant Physiol 2011; 168:1705-9. [PMID: 21477884 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2011.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2011] [Revised: 03/03/2011] [Accepted: 03/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Mobilization of seed storage reserves is essential for seed germination and seedling establishment. Here, we report that AtDSEL, an Arabidopsis thalianaDAD1-like Seedling Establishment-related Lipase, is involved in the mobilization of storage oils for early seedling establishment. AtDSEL is a cytosolic member of the DAD1-like acylhydrolase family encoded by At4g18550. Bacterially expressed AtDSEL preferentially hydrolyzed 1,3-diacylglycerol and 1-monoacylglycerol, suggesting that AtDSEL is an sn-1-specific lipase. AtDSEL-overexpressing transgenic Arabidopsis plants (35S:AtDSEL) were defective in post-germinative seedling growth in medium without an exogenous carbon source. This phenotype was rescued by the addition of sucrose to the growth medium. In contrast, loss-of-function mutant plants (atdsel-1 and atdsel-2) had a mildly fast-growing phenotype regardless of the presence of an exogenous carbon source. Electron microscopy revealed that 5-day-old 35S:AtDSEL cotyledons retained numerous peroxisomes and oil bodies, which were exhausted in wild-type and mutant cotyledons. The impaired seedling establishment of 35S:AtDSEL was not rescued by the addition of an exogenous fatty acid source, and 35S:AtDSEL seedling growth was insensitive to 2,4-dichlorophenoxybutyric acid, indicating that β-oxidation was blocked in AtDSEL-overexpressers. These results suggest that AtDSEL is involved in the negative regulation of seedling establishment by inhibiting the breakdown of storage oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Yu Kim
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
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14
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Yun MH, Seo YS, Kang HS, Lee KG, Kim JH, An H, Yim HJ, Keum B, Jeen YT, Lee HS, Chun HJ, Um SH, Kim CD, Ryu HS. The effect of the respiratory cycle on liver stiffness values as measured by transient elastography. J Viral Hepat 2011; 18:631-6. [PMID: 21029256 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2893.2010.01376.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The findings of several studies suggest that liver stiffness values can be affected by the degree of intrahepatic congestion respiration influence intrahepatic blood volume and may affect liver stiffness. We evaluated the influence of respiration on liver stiffness. Transient elastography (TE) was performed at the end of inspiration and at the end of expiration in patients with chronic liver disease. The median values obtained during the inspiration set and during the expiration set were defined as inspiratory and expiratory liver stiffness, respectively. A total of 123 patients with chronic liver disease were enrolled (mean age 49years; 64.2% men). Liver cirrhosis coexisted in 29 patients (23.6%). Expiratory liver stiffness was significantly higher than inspiratory liver stiffness (8.7 vs 7.9kPa, P=0.001), while the expiratory interquartile range/median ratio (IQR ratio) did not differ from the inspiratory IQR ratio. Expiratory liver stiffness was significantly higher than inspiratory liver stiffness in 49 (39.8%) patients (HE group), expiratory liver stiffness was significantly lower than inspiratory stiffness in 15 (12.2%) patients, and there was no difference in 59 (48.0%) patients. Liver cirrhosis was more frequent in those who had a lower liver stiffness reading in expiration, and only the absence of liver cirrhosis was significantly associated with a higher reading in expiration in multivariate analysis. In conclusion, liver stiffness was significantly elevated during expiration especially in patients without liver cirrhosis. The effect of respiration should be kept in mind during TE readings.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Yun
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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15
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Park S, Chun HJ, Keum B, Lee BJ, Seo YS, Kim YS, Park JJ, Jeen YT, Lee HS, Um SH, Kim CD, Ryu HS. Successful salvage treatment of peptic duodenal stenosis with repeat insertion of self-expanding stent after failed balloon dilation. Endoscopy 2011; 43 Suppl 2 UCTN:E187-8. [PMID: 21590595 DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1256323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Park
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanil General Hospital, KEPCO Medical Foundation, Seoul, Korea
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16
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Kim ES, Chun HJ, Keum B, Seo YS, Kim YS, Jeen YT, Lee HS, Um SH, Kim CD, Ryu HS. Endoscopic retrieval of a metal stent embedded in the colon wall. Endoscopy 2011; 43 Suppl 2 UCTN:E139-40. [PMID: 21425015 DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1256206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E S Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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17
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Choi JY, Seo YS, Kim SJ, Kim WT, Shin JS. Constitutive expression of CaXTH3, a hot pepper xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase, enhanced tolerance to salt and drought stresses without phenotypic defects in tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Dotaerang). Plant Cell Rep 2011; 30:867-77. [PMID: 21207033 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-010-0989-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The hot pepper xyloglucan endo-trans-gluco-sylase/hydrolase (CaXTH3) gene that was inducible by a broad spectrum of abiotic stresses in hot pepper has been reported to enhance tolerance to drought and high salinity in transgenic Arabidopsis. To assess whether CaXTH3 is a practically useful target gene for improving the stress tolerance of crop plants, we ectopically over-expressed the full-length CaXTH3 cDNA in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Dotaerang) and found that the 35S:CaXTH3 transgenic tomato plants exhibited a markedly increased tolerance to salt and drought stresses. Transgenic tomato plants exposed to a salt stress of 100 mM NaCl retained the chlorophyll in their leaves and showed normal root elongation. They also remained green and unwithered following exposure to 2 weeks of dehydration. A high proportion of stomatal closures in 35S:CaXTH3 was likely to be conferred by increased cell-wall remodeling activity of CaXTH3 in guard cell, which may reduce transpirational water loss in response to dehydration stress. Despite this increased stress tolerance, the transgenic tomato plants showed no detectable phenotype defects, such as abnormal morphology and growth retardation, under normal growth conditions. These results raise the possibility that CaXTH3 gene is appropriate for application in genetic engineering strategies aimed at improving abiotic stress tolerance in agriculturally and economically valuable crop plants.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptation, Physiological
- Capsicum/genetics
- Capsicum/metabolism
- Crops, Agricultural/genetics
- Crops, Agricultural/metabolism
- Crops, Agricultural/physiology
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- Droughts
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
- Genetic Engineering
- Glycosyltransferases/genetics
- Glycosyltransferases/metabolism
- Hydrolases/genetics
- Hydrolases/metabolism
- Solanum lycopersicum/genetics
- Solanum lycopersicum/metabolism
- Solanum lycopersicum/physiology
- Phenotype
- Plant Leaves/physiology
- Plant Proteins/genetics
- Plant Proteins/metabolism
- Plant Roots/growth & development
- Plants, Genetically Modified/genetics
- Plants, Genetically Modified/metabolism
- Plants, Genetically Modified/physiology
- Regeneration
- Salt Tolerance/genetics
- Stress, Physiological/genetics
- Time Factors
- Transformation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Young Choi
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 136-701, Korea
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18
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Choi JY, Seo YS, Kim SJ, Kim WT, Shin JS. Constitutive expression of CaXTH3, a hot pepper xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase, enhanced tolerance to salt and drought stresses without phenotypic defects in tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Dotaerang). Plant Cell Rep 2011; 30:867-877. [PMID: 21207033 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-011-1032-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The hot pepper xyloglucan endo-trans-gluco-sylase/hydrolase (CaXTH3) gene that was inducible by a broad spectrum of abiotic stresses in hot pepper has been reported to enhance tolerance to drought and high salinity in transgenic Arabidopsis. To assess whether CaXTH3 is a practically useful target gene for improving the stress tolerance of crop plants, we ectopically over-expressed the full-length CaXTH3 cDNA in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Dotaerang) and found that the 35S:CaXTH3 transgenic tomato plants exhibited a markedly increased tolerance to salt and drought stresses. Transgenic tomato plants exposed to a salt stress of 100 mM NaCl retained the chlorophyll in their leaves and showed normal root elongation. They also remained green and unwithered following exposure to 2 weeks of dehydration. A high proportion of stomatal closures in 35S:CaXTH3 was likely to be conferred by increased cell-wall remodeling activity of CaXTH3 in guard cell, which may reduce transpirational water loss in response to dehydration stress. Despite this increased stress tolerance, the transgenic tomato plants showed no detectable phenotype defects, such as abnormal morphology and growth retardation, under normal growth conditions. These results raise the possibility that CaXTH3 gene is appropriate for application in genetic engineering strategies aimed at improving abiotic stress tolerance in agriculturally and economically valuable crop plants.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptation, Physiological
- Capsicum/genetics
- Capsicum/metabolism
- Crops, Agricultural/genetics
- Crops, Agricultural/metabolism
- Crops, Agricultural/physiology
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- Droughts
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
- Genetic Engineering
- Glycosyltransferases/genetics
- Glycosyltransferases/metabolism
- Hydrolases/genetics
- Hydrolases/metabolism
- Solanum lycopersicum/genetics
- Solanum lycopersicum/metabolism
- Solanum lycopersicum/physiology
- Phenotype
- Plant Leaves/physiology
- Plant Proteins/genetics
- Plant Proteins/metabolism
- Plant Roots/growth & development
- Plants, Genetically Modified/genetics
- Plants, Genetically Modified/metabolism
- Plants, Genetically Modified/physiology
- Regeneration
- Salt Tolerance/genetics
- Stress, Physiological/genetics
- Time Factors
- Transformation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Young Choi
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 136-701, Korea
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19
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Seo YS, Kim SJ, Harn CH, Kim WT. Ectopic expression of apple fruit homogentisate phytyltransferase gene (MdHPT1) increases tocopherol in transgenic tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Micro-Tom) leaves and fruits. Phytochemistry 2011; 72:321-9. [PMID: 21256529 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2010.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2010] [Revised: 09/22/2010] [Accepted: 12/16/2010] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Homogentisate phytyltransferase (HPT) is an important enzyme in the biosynthesis of tocopherols (vitamin E). Herein, an HPT homolog (MdHPT1) was isolated from apple (Malus domestica Borkh. cv. Fuji) fruits, whose gene expression level gradually decreased during fruit ripening, reaching a background level in ripened apple fruits. The amounts of α- and γ-tocopherols, two major tocopherols in plant organs, were 5- to 14-fold lower in the fruits than in the leaves and flowers of apple plants. Transgenic tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Micro-Tom) overexpressing MdHPT1 were next constructed. Transgenic independent T(1) leaves contained ∼1.8- to 3.6-fold and ∼1.6- to 2.9-fold higher levels of α-tocopherol and γ-tocopherol, respectively, than those in control plants. In addition, the levels of α-tocopherol and γ-tocopherol in 35S:MdHPT1 T(1) fruits increased up to 1.7-fold and 3.1-fold, respectively, as compared to the control fruits, indicating that an increase in α-tocopherol in fruits (maximal 1.7-fold) was less evident than that in leaves (maximal 3.6-fold). This finding suggests that the apple MdHPT1 plays a role in tocopherol production in transgenic tomatoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Sam Seo
- Department of Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
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20
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Kim JH, Yim HJ, Jung ES, Jung YK, Kim JH, Seo YS, Yeon JE, Lee HS, Um SH, Byun KS. Virologic and biochemical responses to clevudine in patients with chronic HBV infection-associated cirrhosis: data at week 48. J Viral Hepat 2011; 18:287-93. [PMID: 20367793 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2893.2010.01304.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Clevudine shows high rates of virologic and biochemical responses in patients with chronic hepatitis B. However, the efficacy and safety of clevudine in patients with cirrhosis are unknown. The aims of this study were to evaluate the safety and to assess the virologic and the biochemical responses to clevudine in patients with cirrhosis with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. We reviewed data from treatment-naïve patients with chronic hepatitis B with and without cirrhosis who started clevudine between April 2007 and March 2008 (n = 52, hepatitis B without cirrhosis n = 21 and chronic hepatitis B with cirrhosis n = 31) at Korea University Ansan/Guro Hospital. All of the patients were treated for more than 48 weeks. The mean age was older in the patients with cirrhosis. Baseline HBV DNA levels were 6.9 and 7.78 log copies/mL (P = 0.042), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were 104.9 and 147.4 IU/L (P = 0.204), for those with and without cirrhosis, respectively. Virologic response (HBV DNA <1000 copies/mL) (87.1%vs 71.4%, P = 0.24) and biochemical response (83.9%vs 80.9%, P = 0.99) at week 48 were not significantly different between the two groups. Early virologic response at week 12 was even higher in the patients with cirrhosis (61.3%vs 28.6%, P = 0.026). Neither ALT flare nor newly onset hepatic decompensation was found in the patients with cirrhosis, whereas ALT flare was transiently observed in 14.3% of the chronic hepatitis group. In conclusion, although clevudine may produce a transient elevation of ALT during the early treatment period, such findings were not observed in patients with cirrhosis and the virologic and biochemical responses of the groups were comparable.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Hyun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Digestive Disease and Nutrition, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Park S, Chun HJ, Keum B, Seo YS, Kim YS, Jeen YT, Lee HS, Um SH, Kim CD, Ryu HS. Anaphylactic shock-induced ischemic proctocolitis following bee stings: first case report. Endoscopy 2010; 42 Suppl 2:E153-4. [PMID: 20556709 DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1244101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Digestive Disease and Nutrition, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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23
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Kim SU, Seo YS, Cheong JY, Kim MY, Kim JK, Um SH, Cho SW, Paik SK, Lee KS, Han KH, Ahn SH. Factors that affect the diagnostic accuracy of liver fibrosis measurement by Fibroscan in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2010; 32:498-505. [PMID: 20491742 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2010.04353.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interquartile range/median value (IQR/M) of liver stiffness measurement (LSM) is a factor in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) leading to over estimation of fibrosis by Fibroscan. AIM To investigate factors that affect the accuracy of LSM in chronic hepatitis B (CHB). METHODS One hundred and ninety-nine patients were enrolled. Only procedures yielding > or =10 valid measurements were considered reliable. Liver fibrosis was evaluated using the Batts and Ludwig system. Liver biopsy (LB) specimens <15 mm were considered ineligible. RESULTS The mean age (142 men and 57 women) was 40.1 years. A significant discordance (discordance of at least two stages between LB and LSM) was identified in 38 (19.1%) and 47 (23.6%) patients respectively, according to Marcellin et al. and Chan et al.'s cutoff values. In multivariate analyses, BMI and fibrosis stage (F0-2 vs. F3-4) were identified as independent predictors for significant discordance (P = 0.040; hazard ratio [HR], 1.126; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.005-1.261 and P = 0.036; HR, 0.450; 95% CI, 0.213-0.949 respectively) with Marcellin et al.'s cutoffs, whereas fibrosis stage was the only independent predictor (P = 0.004; HR, 0.300; 95% CI, 0.131-0.685) with Chan's cutoffs. CONCLUSIONS Success rate and IQR/M were not predictive factors of the accuracy for diagnosing liver fibrosis by Fibroscan in CHB. Fibrosis stage (F0-2) was the only factor to predict significant discordance between LB and LSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- S U Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Kim J, Chun HJ, Hyun JJ, Keum B, Seo YS, Kim YS, Jeen YT, Lee HS, Um SH, Kim CD, Ryu HS. Splenic infarction after cyanoacrylate injection for fundal varices. Endoscopy 2010; 42 Suppl 2:E118. [PMID: 20306402 DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1243984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Institute of Digestive Disease and Nutrition, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Hyun JJ, Chun HJ, Keum B, Seo YS, Kim YS, Jeen YT, Lee HS, Um SH, Kim CD, Ryu HS. Weblike stenosis due to gastroesophageal reflux disease, treated with an insulation-tipped diathermic knife-2 (IT-2). Endoscopy 2010; 42 Suppl 2:E110. [PMID: 20306396 DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1243946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J J Hyun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Digestive Disease and Nutrition, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Kim EY, Seo YS, Lee H, Kim WT. Constitutive expression of CaSRP1, a hot pepper small rubber particle protein homolog, resulted in fast growth and improved drought tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. Planta 2010; 232:71-83. [PMID: 20361337 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-010-1149-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2010] [Accepted: 03/12/2010] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Transient and long-term shortages of fresh water are major adverse environmental factors that cause dramatic reductions in crop production and distribution globally. In this study, we isolated a full-length CaSRP1 (Capsicum annuum stress-related protein 1) cDNA, which was rapidly induced by dehydration in hot pepper plants. The predicted CaSRP1 protein sequence exhibited significant amino acid identity to putative stress-related proteins and the small rubber particle protein (SRPP) found in rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis). To study the cellular functions of CaSRP1, transgenic Arabidopsis plants (35S:CaSRP1) that constitutively expressed the CaSRP1 gene were constructed. Overexpression of CaSRP1 resulted in enhanced root and shoot growth and earlier bolting in the transgenic plants relative to wild-type plants. In addition, 35S:CaSRP1 overexpressors exhibited enhanced tolerance to drought stress as compared to the control plants. These results suggest that CaSRP1 plays dual functions as a positive factor for tissue growth and development and for drought-defensive responses. A possible cellular function of SRPP homologs in non-rubber-producing plants in relation to drought stress tolerance is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Yu Kim
- Department of Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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Kim J, Keum B, Seo YS, Kim YS, Jeen YT, Chun HJ, Um SH, Kim CD, Ryu HS. Primary malignant melanoma with surrounding melanosis in the anorectum. Endoscopy 2010; 42 Suppl 2:E47. [PMID: 20157885 DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1215416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Digestive Disease and Nutrition, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Park SC, Jeen YT, Keum B, Seo YS, Kim YS, Chun HJ, Um SH, Kim CD, Ryu HS. Education and Imaging. Gastrointestinal: a retroperitoneal liposarcoma that formed a fistula into the descending colon. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010; 25:1013. [PMID: 20546457 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2010.06344.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S C Park
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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29
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Park S, Chun HJ, Keum B, Seo YS, Jeen YT, Um SH, Kim CD, Ryu HS, Park SS, Kim J. Successful hybrid NOTES resection of early gastric cancer in a patient with concomitant advanced colon cancer. Endoscopy 2010; 42 Suppl 2:E1-2. [PMID: 20066601 DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1215255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Digestive Disease and Nutrition, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Park S, Jeen YT, Kwon YD, Keum B, Seo YS, Kim YS, Chun HJ, Um SH, Kim CD, Ryu HS. Successfully cured primary esophageal lymphoma in a patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Endoscopy 2009; 41 Suppl 2:E148-9. [PMID: 19544273 DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1119723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Digestive Disease and Nutrition, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Kwon SH, Lee BH, Kim EY, Seo YS, Lee S, Kim WT, Song JT, Kim JH. Overexpression of a Brassica rapa NGATHA Gene in Arabidopsis thaliana Negatively Affects Cell Proliferation During Lateral Organ and Root Growth. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 50:2162-73. [DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcp150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Seo YS, Kim EY, Kim JH, Kim WT. Enzymatic characterization of class I DAD1-like acylhydrolase members targeted to chloroplast in Arabidopsis. FEBS Lett 2009; 583:2301-7. [PMID: 19527719 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2009.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2009] [Revised: 06/08/2009] [Accepted: 06/09/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis, there are at least seven class I acylhydrolase members, which have a putative N-terminal chloroplast-targeting signal. Here, we show that all seven class I proteins are localized to the chloroplasts and hydrolyze phosphatidylcholine at the sn-1 position. However, based on their activities toward various lipids, Arabidopsis class I enzymes could be further divided into three sub-groups by substrate specificity, one with phospholipase-specific activity, another with phospholipase and galactolipase activities, and the other with broad lipolytic activity toward phosphatidylcholine, galactolipids, and triacylglycerol. These results suggest that the three sub-groups of class I acylhydrolases have specific roles in chloroplasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Sam Seo
- Department of Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Jing HY, Hong DH, Kwak BD, Choi DJ, Shin K, Yu CJ, Kim JW, Noh DY, Seo YS. X-ray reflectivity study on the structure and phase stability of mixed phospholipid multilayers. Langmuir 2009; 25:4198-4202. [PMID: 19714836 DOI: 10.1021/la802868r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Vertically oriented multilayers composed of two saturated phospholipids, 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoserine (DPPS), were deposited on silicon. X-ray reflectivity was used to investigate the structures of the variously mixed phospholipid multilayers as a function of composition. Then, the phase stability was investigated at various annealing temperatures under humid conditions. The results indicated that the lipid spacing of the mixed phospholipid multilayers varied systematically as a function of the DPPC/DPPS ratio and that no macroscopic phase separation occurred during the annealing process under both dry and humid conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Jing
- Department of Chemistry and Interdisciplinary Program of Integrated Biotechnology, Sogang-HANARO Joint Center for Biological Interfaces, Sogang University, Seoul 121-742, Korea
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Han SE, Seo YS, Heo S, Kim D, Sung SK, Kim WT. Structure and expression of MdFBCP1, encoding an F-box-containing protein 1, during Fuji apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) fruit ripening. Plant Cell Rep 2008; 27:1291-1301. [PMID: 18504588 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-008-0555-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2008] [Revised: 04/22/2008] [Accepted: 05/01/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
From database comparisons of 1,117 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) generated from ripened Fuji apple fruits, we identified ten ubiquitin (Ub)-related genes. RNA gel-blot analysis suggests that these Ub-related genes are induced by at least four distinct signaling pathways in fruits. In this study, we analyzed structure and expression of MdFBCP1, encoding an F-box-containing protein 1, in Fuji apples. MdFBCP1 transcript was predominantly expressed in the fully ripened climacteric fruits, in which serge of ethylene production occurred. The MdFBCP1 gene was also activated effectively in response to exogenous ethylene treatment, with the induction pattern being comparable to those of ACC oxidase and beta-cyanoalanine synthase. Thus, it seems likely that the expression of MdFBCP1 is closely associated with a climacteric ethylene production and ACC oxidase activity and, hence, MdFBCP1 may play a role in the ripening process of Fuji apple fruits. Yeast two hybrid and in vitro pull-down assays revealed that MdFBCP1 physically interacted with MdSkp1 and N-terminal F-box motif was essential for this interaction. These results suggest that MdFBCP1 indeed functions as an F-box-containing protein and participates in the formation of SCF complex, which acts as E3 Ub ligase. Genomic Southern blot analysis showed that MdFBCP1 exhibited different pattern of restriction enzyme digestion in three cultivars (Tsugaru, Golden Delicious and Fuji) that produce different amount of ethylene, suggesting that the MdFBCP1 gene is organized in a cultivar specific manner. Collectively, our data suggest that Ub degradation pathway may play an important role in the ripening of Fuji apple fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Eun Han
- Department of Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 120-749, South Korea
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Seo YS, Kim EY, Mang HG, Kim WT. Heterologous expression, and biochemical and cellular characterization of CaPLA1 encoding a hot pepper phospholipase A1 homolog. Plant J 2008; 53:895-908. [PMID: 18036200 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2007.03380.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipid signaling has been recently implicated in diverse cellular processes in higher plants. We identified a cDNA encoding the phospholipase A1 homolog (CaPLA1) from 5-day-old early roots of hot pepper. The deduced amino acid sequence showed that the lipase-specific catalytic triad is well conserved in CaPLA1. In vitro lipase assays and site-directed mutagenesis revealed that CaPLA1 possesses PLA1 activity, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of phospholipids at the sn-1 position. CaPLA1 was selectively expressed in young roots, at days 4-5 after germination, and rapidly declined thereafter, suggesting that the expression of CaPLA1 is subject to control by a development-specific mechanism in roots. Because transgenic work was extremely difficult in hot peppers, in this study we overexpressed CaPLA1 in Arabidopsis so as to provide cellular information on the function of this gene. CaPLA1 overexpressors had significantly longer roots, leaves and petioles, and grew more rapidly than the wild-type plants, leading to an early bolting phenotype with prolonged inflorescence. Microscopic analysis showed that the vegetative tissues of 35S:CaPLA1 plants contained an increased number of small-sized cells, which resulted in highly populated cell layers. In addition, mRNAs for cell cycle-controlled proteins and fatty acid catabolizing enzymes were coordinately upregulated in CaPLA1-overexpressing plants. These results suggest that CaPLA1 is functionally relevant in heterologous Arabidopsis cells, and hence might participate in a subset of positive control mechanisms of cell and tissue growth in transgenic lines. We discuss possible biochemical and cellular functions of CaPLA1 in relation to the phospholipid signaling pathway in hot pepper and transgenic Arabidopsis plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Sam Seo
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
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Han SE, Seo YS, Kim D, Sung SK, Kim WT. Expression of MdCAS1 and MdCAS2, encoding apple beta-cyanoalanine synthase homologs, is concomitantly induced during ripening and implicates MdCASs in the possible role of the cyanide detoxification in Fuji apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) fruits. Plant Cell Rep 2007; 26:1321-31. [PMID: 17333023 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-007-0316-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2006] [Revised: 02/06/2007] [Accepted: 02/08/2007] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Fruit ripening involves complex biochemical and physiological changes. Ethylene is an essential hormone for the ripening of climacteric fruits. In the process of ethylene biosynthesis, cyanide (HCN), an extremely toxic compound, is produced as a co-product. Thus, most cyanide produced during fruit ripening should be detoxified rapidly by fruit cells. In higher plants, the key enzyme involved in the detoxification of HCN is beta-cyanoalanine synthase (beta-CAS). As little is known about the molecular function of beta-CAS genes in climacteric fruits, we identified two homologous genes, MdCAS1 and MdCAS2, encoding Fuji apple beta-CAS homologs. The structural features of the predicted polypeptides as well as an in vitro enzyme activity assay with bacterially expressed recombinant proteins indicated that MdCAS1 and MdCAS2 may indeed function as beta-CAS isozymes in apple fruits. RNA gel-blot studies revealed that both MdCAS1 and MdCAS2 mRNAs were coordinately induced during the ripening process of apple fruits in an expression pattern comparable with that of ACC oxidase and ethylene production. The MdCAS genes were also activated effectively by exogenous ethylene treatment and mechanical wounding. Thus, it seems like that, in ripening apple fruits, expression of MdCAS1 and MdCAS2 genes is intimately correlated with a climacteric ethylene production and ACC oxidase activity. In addition, beta-CAS enzyme activity was also enhanced as the fruit ripened, although this increase was not as dramatic as the mRNA induction pattern. Overall, these results suggest that MdCAS may play a role in cyanide detoxification in ripening apple fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Eun Han
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, South Korea
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Lee YP, Yu GH, Seo YS, Han SE, Choi YO, Kim D, Mok IG, Kim WT, Sung SK. Microarray analysis of apple gene expression engaged in early fruit development. Plant Cell Rep 2007; 26:917-26. [PMID: 17294193 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-007-0308-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2006] [Revised: 12/12/2006] [Accepted: 01/12/2007] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate gene expressions mostly engaged in early development of apple fruit, we performed the identification of transcripts differentially expressed in young fruit by using microarrays spotted with 6,253 cDNAs collected from young and mature apple fruits of the cultivar Fuji (Malus domestica Borkh. cv. Fuji). A total of 3,484 cDNAs out of 6,253 were selected after quality control of microarray spots and analyzed for differential gene expression patterns between young fruit and other tissues (mature fruit, leaf and flower). Among them, 192 cDNAs displayed a signal value higher than twofold in young fruit compared with other tissues. Blast analysis of the 192 cDNA clones identified 88 non-redundant groups encoding proteins with known function and 50 non-redundant groups with unknown function. The putative protein products were classified into the following categories: photosynthesis (16.7%), protein synthesis (12.3%), cell proliferation and differentiation (10.9%), cell enlargement (5.8%), metabolism (8.0%), stress response (7.2%), others (2.9%), and unknown functions (32.2%). Furthermore, confirming the microarray data by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction revealed that the wide range of transcripts differentially expressed in young fruit was expressed in other organs but not in the mature fruit. The data presented suggested that apple fruit development depends on the tight regulation of the expression of a number of genes, which are also expressed in other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Pyo Lee
- Biotech Application Team, Dongbu Advanced Research Institute, Daejeon 305-708, South Korea
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Yoo A, Seo YS, Jung JW, Sung SK, Kim WT, Lee W, Yang DR. Lys296 and Arg299 residues in the C-terminus of MD-ACO1 are essential for a 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase enzyme activity. J Struct Biol 2006; 156:407-20. [PMID: 17046279 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2006.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2006] [Revised: 08/22/2006] [Accepted: 08/24/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) oxidase catalyzes the last step in the biosynthesis of ethylene from ACC in higher plants. The complex structure of ACC oxidase/Fe(2+)/H(2)O derived from Petunia hybrida has recently been established by X-ray crystallography and it provides a vast structural information for ACC oxidase. Our mutagenesis study shows that both Lys296 and Arg299 residues in the C-terminal helix play important roles in enzyme activity. Both K296R and R299K mutant proteins retain only 30-15% of their enzyme activities with respect to that of the wild-type, implying that the positive charges of C-terminal residues are involved in enzymatic reaction. Furthermore, the sequence alignment of ACC oxidases from 24 different species indicates an existence of the exclusively conserved motif (Lys296-Glu301) especially in the C-terminus. The structure model based on our findings suggests that the positive-charged surface in the C-terminal helix of the ACC oxidase could be a major stabilizer in the spatial arrangement of reactants and that the positive-charge network between the active site and C-terminus is critical for ACC oxidase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahrim Yoo
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea
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Yeon JE, Yoo W, Hong SP, Chang YJ, Yu SK, Kim JH, Seo YS, Chung HJ, Moon MS, Kim SO, Byun KS, Lee CH. Resistance to adefovir dipivoxil in lamivudine resistant chronic hepatitis B patients treated with adefovir dipivoxil. Gut 2006; 55:1488-95. [PMID: 16461777 PMCID: PMC1856440 DOI: 10.1136/gut.2005.077099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) is a potent nucleotide analogue against both the wild-type and lamivudine (LMV) resistant hepatitis B virus (HBV). The cumulative incidence of ADV resistant mutations in the nucleoside/-tide treatment naive chronic hepatitis B patient (CHB) at weeks 48, 96, and 144 was 0, 0.8-3%, and approximately 5.9%, respectively. AIMS The aim of this study was to characterise the genotypic and phenotypic mutation profiles to ADV in 67 LMV resistant CHB patients who were treated with ADV. METHODS Serum HBV DNA was quantified by real time polymerase chain reaction. The ADV mutant was detected using matrix assisted laser desorption/ionisation time of flight mass spectrometry based genotyping assays, termed restriction fragment mass polymorphism (RFMP). RESULTS RFMP analysis revealed that a total of 11 amino acid substitutions developed in the rt domain of the HBV polymerase in nine patients. The cumulative incidence of genotypic ADV resistance at months 12 and 24 was 6.4% and 25.4%, respectively. The rtA181V, rtN236T, and rtA181T mutations were detected in five, four, and two of the 67 patients at treatment months 12-17, 3-19, and 7-20, respectively. Serial quantification of serum HBV DNA revealed that two patients with the rtA181V mutation, with or without the rtN236T mutation, and one patient with the rtA181T mutation displayed HBV DNA rebound. CONCLUSION Emergence of the ADV mutation in LMV resistant patients who are treated with ADV appeared to present earlier and more frequently than was reported in previous studies on nucleoside/-tide treatment naive patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Yeon
- Korea University Medical College Guro Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Guro-gu Guro-dong gil 97, Seoul, Korea
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Seo YS, Yoo A, Jung J, Sung SK, Yang DR, Kim WT, Lee W. The active site and substrate-binding mode of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase determined by site-directed mutagenesis and comparative modelling studies. Biochem J 2004; 380:339-46. [PMID: 14972027 PMCID: PMC1224174 DOI: 10.1042/bj20031762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2003] [Revised: 02/04/2004] [Accepted: 02/18/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The active site and substrate-binding mode of MD-ACO1 (Malus domestica Borkh. 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase) have been determined using site-directed mutagenesis and comparative modelling methods. The MD-ACO1 protein folds into a compact jelly-roll motif comprised of eight a-helices, 12 b-strands and several long loops. The active site is well defined as a wide cleft near the C-terminus. The co-substrate ascorbate is located in cofactor Fe2+-binding pocket, the so-called '2-His-1-carboxylate facial triad'. In addition, our results reveal that Arg244 and Ser246 are involved in generating the reaction product during enzyme catalysis. The structure agrees well with the biochemical and site-directed mutagenesis results. The three-dimensional structure together with the steady-state kinetics of both the wild-type and mutant MD-ACO1 proteins reveal how the substrate specificity of MD-ACO1 is involved in the catalytic mechanism, providing insights into understanding the fruit ripening process at atomic resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Sam Seo
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, South Korea
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Abstract
EIN2 is a central signal transducer in the ethylene-signaling pathway, and a unique membrane-anchored protein. By screening a cDNA library, we have isolated a cDNA clone (OsEIN2) that encodes the rice EIN2 homolog. The full-length ORF clone was obtained by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. OsEIN2 shares significant amino acid sequence similarity with Arabidopsis EIN2 (57% similarity and 42% identity). Both the numbers and positions of introns and exons in the OsEIN2 and AtEIN2 coding regions are also conserved. To address whether this structural similarity is indicative of functional conservation of the corresponding proteins, we also generated transgenic lines expressing the antisense construct of OsEIN2. Those plants were stunted and shoot elongation was severely inhibited. Their phenotypes were similar to that found with wild-type rice seedlings that were treated with AgNO3, an ethylene signal inhibitor. In the OsEIN2 antisense plants, the expression levels of two ethylene-responsive genes, SC129 and SC255, were decreased compared with the wild types. These results suggest that OsEIN2 is a positive component of the ethylene-signaling pathway in rice, just as AtEIN2 is in Arabidopsis: Our antisense transgenic plants produced approximately 3.5 times more ethylene than the wild-type plants. Expression analysis of rice ACS and ACO genes showed that the transcript levels of OsACS1 and OsACO1 were elevated in the transgenic plants.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Cloning, Molecular
- DNA, Antisense/genetics
- DNA, Complementary/chemistry
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- Ethylenes/biosynthesis
- Ethylenes/pharmacology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Plant/drug effects
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Oryza/drug effects
- Oryza/genetics
- Oryza/metabolism
- Phenotype
- Plant Growth Regulators/biosynthesis
- Plant Growth Regulators/pharmacology
- Plant Proteins/genetics
- Plant Proteins/metabolism
- Plant Shoots/drug effects
- Plant Shoots/genetics
- Plant Shoots/metabolism
- Plants, Genetically Modified
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Signal Transduction/physiology
- Silver Nitrate/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hoon Jun
- National Research Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics, Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784 Korea
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Yang SH, Seo YS, Lee YS, Choi SJ, Kim YA, Kim JH. Prenatal sonographic diagnosis of isolated agnathia: a case report. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2003; 22:190-193. [PMID: 12905517 DOI: 10.1002/uog.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Agnathia is a rare malformation characterized by the absence of the mandible, microstomia, aplasia or hypoplasia of the tongue, and low-set or medially fused ears. It occurs alone or in combination with a variety of malformations such as holoprosencephaly. All previous cases of the prenatal diagnosis of agnathia have been accompanied with fatal anomalies. We report here the first case of isolated agnathia, which was diagnosed by prenatal sonography at 32 weeks of gestation. In this case, prenatal sonographic examination showed the severe defect of the chin, small opening of the mouth and severe polyhydramnios. There was no sonographic evidence of holoprosencephaly or anomalies in other organ systems. The diagnosis was confirmed postnatally.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
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Abstract
Using the 10-item Spielberger Trait Anger Scale, the authors interviewed 145 patients with stroke regarding inability to control anger or aggression (ICAA). Poststroke depression and emotional incontinence were also assessed. ICAA was present in 47 patients (32%) and was closely related to motor dysfunction, dysarthria, emotional incontinence, and lesions affecting frontal-lenticulocapsular-pontine base areas. ICAA seems to be one of the major behavioral symptoms in patients with stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Kim
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulsan, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
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Kim YC, Yi SY, Mang HG, Seo YS, Kim WT, Choi D. Pathogen-induced expression of cyclo-oxygenase homologue in hot pepper (Capsicum annuum cv. Pukang). J Exp Bot 2002; 53:383-5. [PMID: 11807143 DOI: 10.1093/jexbot/53.367.383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The hypersensitive reaction (HR) in plants is typified by a rapid and localized cell death at the site of pathogen infection. To understand better the molecular and cellular defence mechanism controlling HR, hot pepper leaves (Capsicum annuum cv. Pukang) were inoculated with the soybean pustule pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. glycine 8ra. By using the DD-PCR technique, a cDNA fragment was identified that exhibited a sequence similarity to the recently identified tobacco pathogen-induced oxygenase (PIOX) with homology to animal cyclo-oxygenase (COX). Subsequently, the full-length cDNA clone, pCa-COX1, encoding the COX homologue from the pathogen-inoculated hot pepper leaf cDNA library was isolated. The deduced amino acid sequence of Ca-COX1 shares 85.8% identity with tobacco PIOX and displays a significant degree of sequence identity (21.7-23.7%) with mammalian COXs. The expression of Ca-COX1 was markedly induced at 4-12 h after pathogen infection, while HR cell death on pepper leaves appeared at approximately 15 h post-inoculation. These results are consistent with the notion that the lipid-derived signalling pathway is involved in the initial response of hot pepper plants to pathogen infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Cheol Kim
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Laboratory, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, PO Box 115, Yusung, Taejon 305-600, Korea
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46
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Hübscher U, Seo YS. Replication of the lagging strand: a concert of at least 23 polypeptides. Mol Cells 2001; 12:149-57. [PMID: 11710514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA replication is one of the most important events in living cells, and it is still a key problem how the DNA replication machinery works in its details. A replication fork has to be a very dynamic apparatus since frequent DNA polymerase switches from the initiating DNA polymerase alpha to the processive elongating DNA polymerase delta occur at the leading strand (about 8 x 10(4) fold on both strands in one replication round) as well as at the lagging strand (about 2 x 10(7) fold on both strands in one replication round) in mammalian cells. Lagging strand replication involves a very complex set of interacting proteins that are able to frequently initiate, elongate and process Okazaki fragments of 180 bp. Moreover, key proteins of this important process appear to be controlled by S-phase check-point proteins. It became furthermore clear in the last few years that DNA replication cannot be considered uncoupled from DNA repair, another very important event for any living organism. The reconstitution of nucleotide excision repair and base excision repair in vitro with purified components clearly showed that the DNA synthesis machinery of both of these macromolecular events are similar and do share many components of the lagging strand DNA synthesis machinery. In this minireview we summarize our current knowledge of the components involved in the execution and regulation of DNA replication at the lagging strand of the replication fork.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Hübscher
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Zürich, Switzerland.
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47
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Abstract
Extensive work on the maturation of lagging strands during the replication of simian virus 40 DNA suggests that the initiator RNA primers of Okazaki fragments are removed by the combined action of two nucleases, RNase HI and Fen1, before the Okazaki fragments join. Despite the well established in vitro roles of these two enzymes, genetic analyses in yeast revealed that null mutants of RNase HI and/or Fen1 are not lethal, suggesting that an additional enzymatic activity may be required for the removal of RNA. One such enzyme is the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Dna2 helicase/endonuclease, which is essential for cell viability and is well suited to removing RNA primers of Okazaki fragments. In addition, Dna2 interacts genetically and physically with several proteins involved in the elongation or maturation of Okazaki fragments. Here we show that the endonucleases Dna2 and Fen1 act sequentially to facilitate the complete removal of the primer RNA. The sequential action of these enzymes is governed by a single-stranded DNA-binding protein, replication protein-A (RPA). Our results demonstrate that the processing of Okazaki fragments in eukaryotes differs significantly from, and is more complicated than, that occurring in prokaryotes. We propose a novel biochemical mechanism for the maturation of eukaryotic Okazaki fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Bae
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Cell Cycle Control, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 300 Chunchun-Dong, Changan-Ku, Suwon, Kyunggi-Do 440-746, Korea
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48
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Bae SH, Kim JA, Choi E, Lee KH, Kang HY, Kim HD, Kim JH, Bae KH, Cho Y, Park C, Seo YS. Tripartite structure of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Dna2 helicase/endonuclease. Nucleic Acids Res 2001; 29:3069-79. [PMID: 11452032 PMCID: PMC55803 DOI: 10.1093/nar/29.14.3069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to gain insights into the structural basis of the multifunctional Dna2 enzyme involved in Okazaki fragment processing, we performed biochemical, biophysical and genetic studies to dissect the domain structure of Dna2. Proteolytic digestion of Dna2 using subtilisin produced a 127 kDa polypeptide that lacked the 45 kDa N-terminal region of Dna2. Further digestion generated two subtilisin-resistant core fragments of approximately equal size, 58 and 60 kDa. Surprisingly, digestion resulted in a significant (3- to 8-fold) increase in both ATPase and endonuclease activities compared to the intact enzyme. However, cells with a mutant DNA2 allele lacking the corresponding N-terminal region were severely impaired in growth, being unable to grow at 37 degrees C, indicating that the N-terminal region contains a domain critical for a cellular function(s) of Dna2. Analyses of the hydrodynamic properties of and in vivo complex formation by wild-type and/or mutant Dna2 lacking the N-terminal 45 kDa domain revealed that Dna2 is active as the monomer and thus the defect in the mutant Dna2 protein is not due to its inability to multimerize. In addition, we found that the N-terminal 45 kDa domain interacts physically with a central region located between the two catalytic domains. Our results suggest that the N-terminal 45 kDa domain of Dna2 plays a critical role in regulation of the enzymatic activities of Dna2 by serving as a site for intra- and intermolecular interactions essential for optimal function of Dna2 in Okazaki fragment processing. The possible mode of regulation of Dna2 is discussed based upon our recent finding that replication protein A interacts functionally and physically with Dna2 during Okazaki fragment processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Bae
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Cell Cycle Control, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 300 Chunchun-Dong, Changan-Ku, Suwon, Kyunggi-Do 440-746, Korea
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Bae SH, Seo YS. Characterization of the enzymatic properties of the yeast dna2 Helicase/endonuclease suggests a new model for Okazaki fragment processing. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:38022-31. [PMID: 10984490 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m006513200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae Dna2, which contains single-stranded DNA-specific endonuclease activity, interacts genetically and physically with Fen-1, a structure-specific endonuclease implicated in Okazaki fragment maturation during lagging strand synthesis. In this report, we investigated the properties of the Dna2 helicase/endonuclease activities in search of their in vivo physiological functions in eukaryotes. We found that the Dna2 helicase activity translocates in the 5' to 3' direction and uses DNA with free ends as the preferred substrate. Furthermore, the endonucleolytic cleavage activity of Dna2 was markedly stimulated by the presence of an RNA segment at the 5'-end of single-stranded DNA and occurred within the DNA, ensuring the complete removal of the initiator RNA segment on the Okazaki fragment. In addition, we demonstrated that the removal of pre-existing initiator 5'-terminal RNA segments depended on a displacement reaction carried out during the DNA polymerase delta-catalyzed elongation of the upstream Okazaki fragments. These properties indicate that Dna2 is well suited to remove the primer RNA on the Okazaki fragment. Based op this information, we propose a new model in which Dna2 plays a direct role in Okazaki fragment maturation in conjunction with Fen-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Bae
- National Creative Research Initiative Center for Cell Cycle Control, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 300 Chunchun-Dong, Changan-Ku, Suwon-Si, Kyunggi-Do, 440-746, Korea
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Suk K, Hwang DY, Kim S, Kim YH, Kim KA, Seo YS, Suh Y, Lee SB, Namkung Y, Shin HS, Lee MS. Identity of mouse IA-2 and PTP35 genes of the tyrosine phosphatase family, and their expression in neuroendocrine tissues. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2000; 50:17-26. [PMID: 10936665 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-8227(00)00162-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Recently, IA-2, one of the major diabetic autoantigens, and PTP35 cDNA were independently isolated by subtraction cloning using insulinoma cells and a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based search for conserved sequences using NIH3T3 fibroblast cell line, respectively. By Southern blot analysis and nucleotide sequence determination of reverse transcription PCR products, we showed that IA-2 and PTP35 are identical and exist as a single gene in a mouse genome. The expression of IA-2/PTP35 messages was detected by northern blot analysis in MIN6N8 cells, an insulinoma cell line derived from non-obese diabetic mice, but its expression level was not affected by the ambient glucose level, phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate or tumour necrosis factor-alpha. We also generated polyclonal antibodies to murine IA-2/PTP35 by immunization with recombinant proteins. Subsequent immunohistochemical analysis using these polyclonal antibodies disclosed that IA-2/PTP35 is strongly expressed in mouse neuroendocrine tissues such as pancreatic islets and the hypothalamus-pituitary gland. These results suggest that IA-2/PTP35 functions primarily in neuroendocrine tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Suk
- Clinical Research Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, South Korea
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