1
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Gu W, Eke C, Gonzalez Santiago E, Olaloye O, Konnikova L. Single-cell atlas of the small intestine throughout the human lifespan demonstrates unique features of fetal immune cells. Mucosal Immunol 2024; 17:599-617. [PMID: 38555026 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2024.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Proper development of mucosal immunity is critical for human health. Over the past decade, it has become evident that in humans, this process begins in utero. However, there are limited data on the unique features and functions of fetal mucosal immune cells. To address this gap, we integrated several single-cell ribonucleic acid sequencing datasets of the human small intestine (SI) to create an SI transcriptional atlas throughout the human life span, ranging from the first trimester to adulthood, with a focus on immune cells. Fetal SI displayed a complex immune landscape comprising innate and adaptive immune cells that exhibited distinct transcriptional programs from postnatal samples, especially compared with pediatric and adult samples. We identified shifts in myeloid populations across gestation and progression of memory T-cell states throughout the human lifespan. In particular, there was a marked shift of memory T cells from those with stem-like properties in the fetal samples to fully differentiated cells with a high expression of activation and effector function genes in adult samples, with neonatal samples containing both features. Finally, we demonstrate that the SI developmental atlas can be used to elucidate improper trajectories linked to mucosal diseases by implicating developmental abnormalities underlying necrotizing enterocolitis, a severe intestinal complication of prematurity. Collectively, our data provide valuable resources and important insights into intestinal immunity that will facilitate regenerative medicine and disease understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihong Gu
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Chino Eke
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Oluwabunmi Olaloye
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Liza Konnikova
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Program in Translational Biomedicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Program in Human Translational Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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2
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Tsumita K, Takagi S, Asano-Mori Y, Watanabe O, Shindo M, Yamaguchi K, Yuasa M, Kageyama K, Kaji D, Taya Y, Nishida A, Ishiwata K, Yamamoto H, Araoka H, Yamamoto G, Makino S, Wake A, Uchida N, Taniguchi S, Koike Y. Long-term lymphocyte subset number reconstitution is unique but comparable between umbilical cord blood and unrelated bone marrow transplantation. Int J Hematol 2024; 119:573-582. [PMID: 38407785 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-024-03727-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The number of umbilical cord blood transplantation (U-CBT) procedures has been growing annually, but little research has been done on long-term immune recovery after U-CBT. Infection risk is high in U-CBT recipients, and this can be partially attributed to immature immunocompetent cells in umbilical cord blood. In this study, we analyzed lymphocyte subset (LST) number to determine the long-term recovery timeline. We included 36 U-CBT and 10 unrelated bone marrow transplantation (U-BMT) recipients who survived more than 2 years after transplantation, and followed them for up to 10 years post-transplant. Recovery kinetics in the early phase post-transplant was different for each LST. Recovery of CD19+ B cells was faster after U-CBT than after U-BMT in the first 5 years after transplantation. Although CD4+ T cells increased in the first several months after U-CBT, long-term cell count recovery was impaired in approximately 20% of patients. Thus, although the LST recovery pattern after U-CBT was unique, LST number recovery was statistically comparable between U-CBT and U-BMT past 5 years post-transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Tsumita
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Toranomon Hospital, 2-2-2 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 1050001, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Takagi
- Department of Hematology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Long-Term Follow-Up After Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Okinaka Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Asano-Mori
- Department of Hematology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Long-Term Follow-Up After Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Otoya Watanabe
- Department of Hematology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiho Shindo
- Department of Hematology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kyosuke Yamaguchi
- Department of Hematology, Toranomon Hospital Kajigaya, Kawasaki, Japan
| | | | - Kosei Kageyama
- Department of Hematology, Toranomon Hospital Kajigaya, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kaji
- Department of Hematology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Taya
- Department of Hematology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aya Nishida
- Department of Hematology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuya Ishiwata
- Department of Hematology, Toranomon Hospital Kajigaya, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Hisashi Yamamoto
- Department of Hematology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Long-Term Follow-Up After Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Araoka
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Go Yamamoto
- Department of Hematology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Atsushi Wake
- Center for Long-Term Follow-Up After Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Hematology, Toranomon Hospital Kajigaya, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Uchida
- Department of Hematology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Okinaka Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yukako Koike
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Toranomon Hospital, 2-2-2 Toranomon, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 1050001, Japan.
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3
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Zhou J, Gao T, Tang W, Qian T, Wang Z, Xu P, Wang L. Progress in the treatment of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy with umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells. Brain Dev 2023; 45:533-546. [PMID: 37806836 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a common disease among newborns, which is a leading cause of neonatal death and permanent neurological sequelae. Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is the only method for the treatment of HIE that has been recognized effective clinically at home and abroad, but the efficacy is limited. Recent research suggests that the cord blood-derived mononuclear cells (CB-MNCs), which the refer to blood cells containing one nucleus in the cord blood, exert anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic effects and play a neuroprotective role in HIE. This review focuses on safety and efficacy, the route of administration, dose, timing and combination treatment of CB-MNCs in HIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Zhou
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, China
| | - Ting Gao
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, China
| | - Wan Tang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, China
| | - Tianyang Qian
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, China
| | - Ziming Wang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, China
| | - Pu Xu
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, China
| | - Laishuan Wang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, China.
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4
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Zhang Y, Zhou W, Yang J, Yang J, Wang W. Chimeric antigen receptor engineered natural killer cells for cancer therapy. Exp Hematol Oncol 2023; 12:70. [PMID: 37563648 PMCID: PMC10413722 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-023-00431-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells, a unique component of the innate immune system, are inherent killers of stressed and transformed cells. Based on their potent capacity to kill cancer cells and good tolerance of healthy cells, NK cells have been successfully employed in adoptive cell therapy to treat cancer patients. In recent years, the clinical success of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells has proven the vast potential of gene-manipulated immune cells as the main force to fight cancer. Following the lessons learned from mature gene-transfer technologies and advanced strategies in CAR-T therapy, NK cells have been rapidly explored as a promising candidate for CAR-based therapy. An exponentially growing number of studies have employed multiple sources of CAR-NK cells to target a wide range of cancer-related antigens, showing remarkable outcomes and encouraging safety profiles. Clinical trials of CAR-NK cells have also shown their impressive therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of hematological tumors, but CAR-NK cell therapy for solid tumors is still in the initial stages. In this review, we present the favorable profile of NK cells as a potential platform for CAR-based engineering and then summarize the outcomes and strategies of CAR-NK therapies in up-to-date preclinical and clinical investigations. Finally, we evaluate the challenges remaining in CAR-NK therapy and describe existing strategies that can assist us in devising future prospective solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalan Zhang
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Weilin Zhou
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangping Yang
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology and Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinrong Yang
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
- Hematology Research Laboratory, Department of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Biotherapy, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Pillai A, Nayak A, Tiwari D, Pillai PK, Pandita A, Sakharkar S, Balasubramanian H, Kabra N. COVID-19 Disease in Under-5 Children: Current Status and Strategies for Prevention including Vaccination. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:693. [PMID: 36992278 PMCID: PMC10058749 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11030693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic hit the globe in early 2020, we have steadily gained insight into its pathogenesis; thereby improving surveillance and preventive measures. In contrast to other respiratory viruses, neonates and young children infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) have a milder clinical presentation, with only a small proportion needing hospitalization and intensive care support. With the emergence of novel variants and improved testing services, there has been a higher incidence of COVID-19 disease reported among children and neonates. Despite this, the proportion of young children with severe disease has not increased. Key mechanisms that protect young children from severe COVID-19 disease include the placental barrier, differential expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) receptors, immature immune response, and passive transfer of antibodies via placenta and human milk. Implementing mass vaccination programs has been a major milestone in reducing the global disease burden. However, considering the lower risk of severe COVID-19 illness in young children and the limited evidence about long-term vaccine safety, the risk-benefit balance in children under five years of age is more complex. In this review, we do not support or undermine vaccination of young children but outline current evidence and guidelines, and highlight controversies, knowledge gaps, and ethical issues related to COVID-19 vaccination in young children. Regulatory bodies should consider the individual and community benefits of vaccinating younger children in their local epidemiological setting while planning regional immunization policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anish Pillai
- Surya Hospitals, Mangal Ashirwad Building, Swami Vivekananda Road, Santacruz West, Mumbai 400054, Maharashtra, India
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, 938 West 28th Avenue, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Anuja Nayak
- Bai Jerabai Wadia Hospital for Children, Acharya Donde Marg, Parel East, Parel, Mumbai 400012, Maharashtra, India
| | - Deepika Tiwari
- Surya Hospitals, Mangal Ashirwad Building, Swami Vivekananda Road, Santacruz West, Mumbai 400054, Maharashtra, India
| | - Pratichi Kadam Pillai
- Surya Hospitals, Mangal Ashirwad Building, Swami Vivekananda Road, Santacruz West, Mumbai 400054, Maharashtra, India
| | - Aakash Pandita
- Medanta Super Specialty Hospital, Sector-A, Pocket-1, Amar Shaheed Path, Golf City, Lucknow 226030, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sachin Sakharkar
- Surya Hospitals, Mangal Ashirwad Building, Swami Vivekananda Road, Santacruz West, Mumbai 400054, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Nandkishor Kabra
- Surya Hospitals, Mangal Ashirwad Building, Swami Vivekananda Road, Santacruz West, Mumbai 400054, Maharashtra, India
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6
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Addressing Natural Killer Cell Dysfunction and Plasticity in Cell-Based Cancer Therapeutics. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15061743. [PMID: 36980629 PMCID: PMC10046032 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15061743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic group 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILC), known for their role as killers of stressed, cancerous, and virally infected cells. Beyond this cytotoxic function, NK cell subsets can influence broader immune responses through cytokine production and have been linked to central roles in non-immune processes, such as the regulation of vascular remodeling in pregnancy and cancer. Attempts to exploit the anti-tumor functions of NK cells have driven the development of various NK cell-based therapies, which have shown promise in both pre-clinical disease models and early clinical trials. However, certain elements of the tumor microenvironment, such as elevated transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, hypoxia, and indoalemine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), are known to suppress NK cell function, potentially limiting the longevity and activity of these approaches. Recent studies have also identified these factors as contributors to NK cell plasticity, defined by the conversion of classical cytotoxic NK cells into poorly cytotoxic, tissue-resident, or ILC1-like phenotypes. This review summarizes the current approaches for NK cell-based cancer therapies and examines the challenges presented by tumor-linked NK cell suppression and plasticity. Ongoing efforts to overcome these challenges are discussed, along with the potential utility of NK cell therapies to applications outside cancer.
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7
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Moroishi Y, Salas LA, Zhou J, Baker ER, Hoen AG, Everson TM, Marsit CJ, Madan J, Gui J, Karagas MR. Umbilical cord blood immune cell profiles in relation to the infant gut microbiome. iScience 2022; 26:105833. [PMID: 36632065 PMCID: PMC9826880 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
During infancy, the interplay between the developing immune system and the microbiome is critical. We examined whether blood immune cell composition at birth in the umbilical cord (inferred by DNA methylation profiling) related to the early infant gut microbiome (assessed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing) among 73 infants in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study. We used generalized estimating equations and controlled for false discovery rate to select microbial taxa associated with immune cells. We found associations between the infant gut microbiome and immune cells, including a positive association between B cells and Enterobacter, a negative association between natural killer cells and Bifidobacterium, and a positive association between granulocytes and Bifidobacterium. Our findings give clues that immune profiles at the time of birth as measured in umbilical cord blood are associated with the development of the gut microbiome in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Moroishi
- Department of Epidemiology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03756, USA,Department of Biomedical Data Science, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03756, USA
| | - Lucas A. Salas
- Department of Epidemiology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03756, USA
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03756, USA,Department of Biomedical Data Science, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03756, USA
| | - Emily R. Baker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH 03766, USA
| | - Anne G. Hoen
- Department of Epidemiology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03756, USA,Department of Biomedical Data Science, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03756, USA
| | - Todd M. Everson
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Carmen J. Marsit
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Juliette Madan
- Department of Epidemiology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03756, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03766, USA
| | - Jiang Gui
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03756, USA
| | - Margaret R. Karagas
- Department of Epidemiology, The Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03756, USA,Corresponding author
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8
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Yao D, Tian Y, Li J, Li B, Lu J, Ling J, Zheng D, Yao Y, Xiao P, Meng L, Hu S. Association between haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation combined with an umbilical cord blood unit and graft- versus-host disease in pediatric patients with acquired severe aplastic anemia. Ther Adv Hematol 2022; 13:20406207221134409. [PMID: 36324490 PMCID: PMC9619284 DOI: 10.1177/20406207221134409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haplo-HSCT) based on granulocyte colony-stimulating factor plus anti-thymocyte regimens (‘Beijing Protocol’) provides a salvage treatment for patients of acquired severe aplastic anemia (SAA) in China. However, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a major impediment of haplo-HSCT due to human leukocyte antigen disparity. Recently, haplo-HSCT combined with umbilical cord blood (UCB) (haplo-cord HSCT) is performed in clinical trials to potentially reduce the risk of severe GVHD. Nevertheless, studies comparing GVHD in pediatric patients receiving haplo and haplo-cord HSCT for SAA are limited. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of UCB co-infusion on GVHD in pediatric patients receiving haplo-HSCT for SAA. Design: We conducted a retrospective study of 91 consecutive SAA children undergoing haploidentical transplantation based on the ‘Beijing Protocol’ with or without co-infusion of UCB in our center. Methods: All patients received uniform non-myeloablative conditioning and GVHD prophylaxis. We compared baseline characteristics and transplant outcomes between the haplo (n = 35) and haplo-cord (n = 56) recipients. Results: All 91 patients achieved hematopoietic recovery from haploidentical donors, with a higher incidence of peri-engraftment syndrome observed with the haplo-cord group as compared with the haplo group (75.0% versus 48.6%, p = 0.029). Notably, the haplo-cord group showed a lower incidence of II–IV acute GVHD (aGVHD) than the haplo group (16.1% versus 42.9%, p = 0.002). Observed incidences of chronic GVHD (cGVHD) and moderate to severe cGVHD in the haplo-cord group were also lower than that in the haplo group (25.6% versus 51.3%, p = 0.019; 16.2% versus 41.3%, p = 0.016, respectively). Haplo-cord HSCT was identified as the only factor associated with a lower incidence of II–IV aGVHD and cGVHD in multivariate analysis. However, no differences were observed between the two groups for infections and survival outcomes. Conclusion: Our data indicated that co-infusion of UCB in ‘Beijing Protocol’-based haplo-HSCT may be effective for reducing the risk of severe GVHD in SAA children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jun Lu
- Department of Hematology, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China,Jiangsu Children’s Hematology & Oncology Center, Suzhou, China,Di Yao is also affiliated to Department of Pediatrics, Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Ling
- Department of Hematology, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China,Jiangsu Children’s Hematology & Oncology Center, Suzhou, China,Di Yao is also affiliated to Department of Pediatrics, Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Defei Zheng
- Department of Hematology, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China,Jiangsu Children’s Hematology & Oncology Center, Suzhou, China,Di Yao is also affiliated to Department of Pediatrics, Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanhua Yao
- Department of Hematology, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China,Jiangsu Children’s Hematology & Oncology Center, Suzhou, China,Di Yao is also affiliated to Department of Pediatrics, Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peifang Xiao
- Department of Hematology, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China,Jiangsu Children’s Hematology & Oncology Center, Suzhou, China,Di Yao is also affiliated to Department of Pediatrics, Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lijun Meng
- Department of Hematology, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, No. 92 Zhongnan Street, Suzhou 215025, Jiangsu, China,Jiangsu Children’s Hematology & Oncology Center, Suzhou, China
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9
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Chen Y, Huang J, Guo Z, Zhu Z, Shao Y, Li L, Yang Y, Yu Y, Liu L, Sun B. Primitive genotypic characteristics in umbilical cord neutrophils identified by single-cell transcriptome profiling and functional prediction. Front Immunol 2022; 13:970909. [PMID: 36105817 PMCID: PMC9464600 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.970909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The function and heterogeneity of neutrophils in neonatal umbilical cord blood (UCB) have not been characterized. In this study, we analyzed the neutrophils in UCB and healthy adults using single-cell RNA sequencing analysis for the first time. We found that neutrophils divided into six subpopulations (G2, G3, G4, G5a, G5b, and G5c) with different marker genes and different functions under homeostasis. Compared with healthy adults, neutrophils of UCB were more naïve and have more obvious degranulation and activation functions. Moreover, we found significant differences in the amount and function of G5b cells between healthy adults and UCB. The amount of G5b group in UCB was lower, but it has more degranulation, secretion and activation functions. In addition, we noted a new subset of G5c labeled by CD52, which almost did not exist in UCB. Besides, its differential genes were enriched in terms such as protein synthesis and mRNA transcription. Furthermore, uncharacteristic transcription factors ZNF-276, ZNF-319 and ZNF-354A were identified in our study. In summary, we first examined the heterogeneity and functional diversity of neutrophils in UCB, and these data provided new insights into the mechanism of neutrophil-mediated diseases of neonates and the wider use of neutrophils in UCB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Huaian No.1 People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Huai’an, China
| | - Jiamin Huang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zaiwen Guo
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhechen Zhu
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yiming Shao
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Linbin Li
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yunxi Yang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yanzhen Yu
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Bingwei Sun
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Bingwei Sun,
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10
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Ray SK, Mukherjee S. Clinical Practice of Umbilical Cord Blood Stem Cells in Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine - Prodigious Promise for Imminent Times. Recent Pat Biotechnol 2021; 16:16-34. [PMID: 34702158 DOI: 10.2174/1872208315666211026103227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The umbilical cord blood is usually disposed of as an unwanted material after parturition; however, today, it is viewed as a regenerative medication so as to create the organ tissues. This cord blood gathered from the umbilical cord is made up of mesenchymal stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, and multipotent non-hematopoietic stem cells having many therapeutic effects as these stem cells are utilized to treat malignancies, hematological ailments, inborn metabolic problem, and immune deficiencies. Presently, numerous clinical applications for human umbilical cord blood inferred stem cells, as stem cell treatment initiate new research. These cells are showing such a boon to stem cell treatment; it is nevertheless characteristic that the prospect of conservation of umbilical cord blood is gaining impetus. Current research works have demonstrated that about 80 diseases, including cancer, can be treated or relieved utilizing umbilical cord blood stem cells, and every year, many transplants have been effectively done around the world. However, in terms of factors, including patient selection, cell preparation, dosing, and delivery process, the treatment procedure for therapy with minimally manipulated stem cells can be patented. It is also worth thinking about how this patent could affect cord blood banks. Meanwhile, the utilization of cord blood cells is controversial and adult-derived cells may not be as successful, so numerous clinicians have begun working with stem cells that are acquired from umbilical cord blood. This review epitomizes a change in outlook from what has been completed with umbilical cord blood cell research and cord blood banking on the grounds that cord blood cells do not require much in the method of handling for cryopreservation or for transplantation in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sukhes Mukherjee
- Department of Biochemistry. All India Institute of Medical Sciences. Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh-462020. 0
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11
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Rodrigues SC, Cardoso RMS, Freire PC, Gomes CF, Duarte FV, Neves RPD, Simões-Correia J. Immunomodulatory Properties of Umbilical Cord Blood-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles and Their Therapeutic Potential for Inflammatory Skin Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9797. [PMID: 34575956 PMCID: PMC8468428 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Umbilical cord blood (UCB) has long been seen as a rich source of naïve cells with strong regenerative potential, likely mediated by paracrine signals. More recently, small extracellular vesicles (sEV), such as exosomes, have been shown to play essential roles in cell-to-cell communication, via the transport of numerous molecules, including small RNAs. Often explored for their potential as biomarkers, sEV are now known to have regenerative and immunomodulating characteristics, particularly if isolated from stem cell-rich tissues. In this study, we aim to characterize the immunomodulating properties of umbilical cord blood mononuclear cell-derived sEV (UCB-MNC-sEV) and explore their therapeutic potential for inflammatory skin diseases. UCB-MNC-sEV were shown to shift macrophages toward an anti-inflammatory phenotype, which in turn exert paracrine effects on fibroblasts, despite previous inflammatory stimuli. Additionally, the incubation of PBMC with UCB-MNC-sEV resulted in a reduction of total CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell proliferation and cytokine release, while specifically supporting the development of regulatory T-cells (Treg), by influencing FOXP3 expression. In a 3D model of psoriatic skin, UCB-MNC-sEV reduced the expression of inflammatory and psoriatic markers IL6, IL8, CXCL10, COX2, S100A7, and DEFB4. In vivo, UCB-MNC-sEV significantly prevented or reversed acanthosis in imiquimod-induced psoriasis, and tendentially increased the number of Treg in skin, without having an overall impact on disease burden. This work provides evidence for the anti-inflammatory and tolerogenic effect of UCB-MNC-sEV, which may be harnessed for the treatment of Th17-driven inflammatory skin diseases, such as psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia C. Rodrigues
- Exogenus Therapeutics, S.A., 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal; (S.C.R.); (R.M.S.C.); (P.C.F.); (C.F.G.); (F.V.D.); (R.P.d.N.)
- Doctoral Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Renato M. S. Cardoso
- Exogenus Therapeutics, S.A., 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal; (S.C.R.); (R.M.S.C.); (P.C.F.); (C.F.G.); (F.V.D.); (R.P.d.N.)
| | - Patricia C. Freire
- Exogenus Therapeutics, S.A., 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal; (S.C.R.); (R.M.S.C.); (P.C.F.); (C.F.G.); (F.V.D.); (R.P.d.N.)
| | - Cláudia F. Gomes
- Exogenus Therapeutics, S.A., 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal; (S.C.R.); (R.M.S.C.); (P.C.F.); (C.F.G.); (F.V.D.); (R.P.d.N.)
| | - Filipe V. Duarte
- Exogenus Therapeutics, S.A., 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal; (S.C.R.); (R.M.S.C.); (P.C.F.); (C.F.G.); (F.V.D.); (R.P.d.N.)
| | - Ricardo Pires das Neves
- Exogenus Therapeutics, S.A., 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal; (S.C.R.); (R.M.S.C.); (P.C.F.); (C.F.G.); (F.V.D.); (R.P.d.N.)
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB—Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
- IIIUC—Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana Simões-Correia
- Exogenus Therapeutics, S.A., 3060-197 Cantanhede, Portugal; (S.C.R.); (R.M.S.C.); (P.C.F.); (C.F.G.); (F.V.D.); (R.P.d.N.)
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB—Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
- IIIUC—Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
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Early-Phase Peripheral Blood Eosinophilia Predicts Lower Overall and Non-Relapse Mortality After Single-Unit Cord Blood Transplantation. Transplant Cell Ther 2021; 27:336.e1-336.e9. [PMID: 33836882 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtct.2021.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral blood eosinophilia has been associated with the development of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and survival after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). However, the impacts of eosinophilia on cord blood transplantation (CBT) outcomes remain unclear. The objective of this study was to examine the associations between eosinophilia and overall survival, relapse incidence, non-relapse mortality, and acute and chronic GVHD after single-unit CBT for adults. We retrospectively analyzed the data for 225 adult patients who received single-unit CBT at our institute between March 2004 and March 2020. The cumulative incidence of eosinophilia, defined as an absolute eosinophil count of ≥500 × 106/L in peripheral blood, was 48.9% (95% confidence interval, 42.2% to 55.2%) at 60 days after CBT. Recipient cytomegalovirus seronegative status and higher cryopreserved cord blood CD34+ cell dose were significantly associated with a higher incidence of eosinophilia after CBT. Among patients who achieved neutrophil recovery, neutrophil recovery was significantly earlier in patient with eosinophilia compared to those without eosinophilia (P = .016). Serum levels of interleukin-5 at 4 weeks were significantly higher in patients with eosinophilia compared with those without eosinophilia (P = .041). Multivariate analysis, in which the development of eosinophilia was treated as a time-dependent covariate, showed that eosinophilia was significantly associated with lower overall mortality (hazard ratio [HR], .58; P = .034) and non-relapse mortality (HR, .41; P = .029), but not relapse incidence or development of acute or chronic GVHD. Our data suggested that early-phase eosinophilia is a predictor of favorable outcomes in adult patients undergoing single-unit CBT.
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Schreurs RRCE, Sagebiel AF, Steinert FL, Highton AJ, Klarenbeek PL, Drewniak A, Bakx R, The SML, Ribeiro CMS, Perez D, Reinshagen K, Geijtenbeek TBH, van Goudoever JB, Bunders MJ. Intestinal CD8 + T cell responses are abundantly induced early in human development but show impaired cytotoxic effector capacities. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:605-614. [PMID: 33772147 PMCID: PMC8075922 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-021-00382-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal viral infections are a major global cause of disease and mortality in infants. Cytotoxic CD8+ T cells are critical to achieve viral control. However, studies investigating the development of CD8+ T cell immunity in human tissues early in life are lacking. Here, we investigated the maturation of the CD8+ T cell compartment in human fetal, infant and adult intestinal tissues. CD8+ T cells exhibiting a memory phenotype were already detected in fetal intestines and increased after birth. Infant intestines preferentially harbored effector CCR7-CD45RA-CD127-KLRG1+/- CD8+ T cells compared to tissue-resident memory CD69+CD103+CD8+ T cells detected in adults. Functional cytotoxic capacity, including cytokine and granzyme B production of infant intestinal effector CD8+ T cells was, however, markedly reduced compared to adult intestinal CD8+ T cells. This was in line with the high expression of the inhibitory molecule PD-1 by infant intestinal effector CD8+ T cells. Taken together, we demonstrate that intestinal CD8+ T cell responses are induced early in human development, however exhibit a reduced functionality. The impaired CD8+ T cell functionality early in life contributes to tolerance during foreign antigen exposure after birth, however functions as an immune correlate for the increased susceptibility to gastrointestinal viral infections in infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. R. C. E. Schreurs
- grid.7177.60000000084992262Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), University of Amsterdam (UvA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.7177.60000000084992262Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children’s Hospital, AUMC, UvA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A. F. Sagebiel
- grid.418481.00000 0001 0665 103XHeinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - F. L. Steinert
- grid.418481.00000 0001 0665 103XHeinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - A. J. Highton
- grid.418481.00000 0001 0665 103XHeinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - P. L. Klarenbeek
- grid.7177.60000000084992262Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology and Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, AUMC, UvA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.16872.3a0000 0004 0435 165XAmsterdam Rheumatology & Immunology Center, AUMC, UvA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A. Drewniak
- grid.7177.60000000084992262Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), University of Amsterdam (UvA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.467476.00000 0004 0483 1848Kiadis Pharma B.V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R. Bakx
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Pediatric Surgery Center of Amsterdam, AUMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S. M. L. The
- grid.7177.60000000084992262Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), University of Amsterdam (UvA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,Department of Pediatric Surgery, Pediatric Surgery Center of Amsterdam, AUMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C. M. S. Ribeiro
- grid.7177.60000000084992262Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), University of Amsterdam (UvA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D. Perez
- grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - K. Reinshagen
- grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484Department of Pediatric Surgery, UKE, Hamburg, Germany
| | - T. B. H. Geijtenbeek
- grid.7177.60000000084992262Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), University of Amsterdam (UvA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J. B. van Goudoever
- grid.7177.60000000084992262Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children’s Hospital, AUMC, UvA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.12380.380000 0004 1754 9227Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children’s Hospital, AUMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M. J. Bunders
- grid.7177.60000000084992262Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), University of Amsterdam (UvA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.7177.60000000084992262Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children’s Hospital, AUMC, UvA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,grid.418481.00000 0001 0665 103XHeinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
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Yilmaz A, Cui H, Caligiuri MA, Yu J. Chimeric antigen receptor-engineered natural killer cells for cancer immunotherapy. J Hematol Oncol 2020; 13:168. [PMID: 33287875 PMCID: PMC7720606 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-00998-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are a critical component of the innate immune system. Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) re-direct NK cells toward tumor cells carrying corresponding antigens, creating major opportunities in the fight against cancer. CAR NK cells have the potential for use as universal CAR cells without the need for human leukocyte antigen matching or prior exposure to tumor-associated antigens. Exciting data from recent clinical trials have renewed interest in the field of cancer immunotherapy due to the potential of CAR NK cells in the production of "off-the-shelf" anti-cancer immunotherapeutic products. Here, we provide an up-to-date comprehensive overview of the recent advancements in key areas of CAR NK cell research and identify under-investigated research areas. We summarize improvements in CAR design and structure, advantages and disadvantages of using CAR NK cells as an alternative to CAR T cell therapy, and list sources to obtain NK cells. In addition, we provide a list of tumor-associated antigens targeted by CAR NK cells and detail challenges in expanding and transducing NK cells for CAR production. We additionally discuss barriers to effective treatment and suggest solutions to improve CAR NK cell function, proliferation, persistence, therapeutic effectiveness, and safety in solid and liquid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Yilmaz
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Hanwei Cui
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Michael A Caligiuri
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E. Duarte Road, KCRB, Bldg. 158, 3rd Floor, Room 3017, Los Angeles, CA, 91010, USA
- Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 91010, USA
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 91010, USA
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Jianhua Yu
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 E. Duarte Road, KCRB, Bldg. 158, 3rd Floor, Room 3017, Los Angeles, CA, 91010, USA.
- Hematologic Malignancies and Stem Cell Transplantation Institute, City of Hope National Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 91010, USA.
- Department of Immuno-Oncology, City of Hope Beckman Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 91010, USA.
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, 91010, USA.
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15
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Epidural Stimulation Combined with Triple Gene Therapy for Spinal Cord Injury Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21238896. [PMID: 33255323 PMCID: PMC7734573 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The translation of new therapies for spinal cord injury to clinical trials can be facilitated with large animal models close in morpho-physiological scale to humans. Here, we report functional restoration and morphological reorganization after spinal contusion in pigs, following a combined treatment of locomotor training facilitated with epidural electrical stimulation (EES) and cell-mediated triple gene therapy with umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells overexpressing recombinant vascular endothelial growth factor, glial-derived neurotrophic factor, and neural cell adhesion molecule. Preliminary results obtained on a small sample of pigs 2 months after spinal contusion revealed the difference in post-traumatic spinal cord outcomes in control and treated animals. In treated pigs, motor performance was enabled by EES and the corresponding morpho-functional changes in hind limb skeletal muscles were accompanied by the reorganization of the glial cell, the reaction of stress cell, and synaptic proteins. Our data demonstrate effects of combined EES-facilitated motor training and cell-mediated triple gene therapy after spinal contusion in large animals, informing a background for further animal studies and clinical translation.
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Alexander-Miller MA. Challenges for the Newborn Following Influenza Virus Infection and Prospects for an Effective Vaccine. Front Immunol 2020; 11:568651. [PMID: 33042150 PMCID: PMC7524958 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.568651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Newborns are at significantly increased risk of severe disease following infection with influenza virus. This is the collective result of their naïve status, altered immune responsiveness, and the lack of a vaccine that is effective in these individuals. Numerous studies have revealed impairments in both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system of newborns. The consequence of these alterations is a quantitative and qualitative decrease in both antibody and T cell responses. This review summarizes the hurdles newborns experience in mounting an effective response that can clear influenza virus and limit disease following infection. In addition, the challenges, as well as the opportunities, for developing vaccines that can elicit protective responses in these at risk individuals are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha A Alexander-Miller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
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Challenges for the Newborn Immune Response to Respiratory Virus Infection and Vaccination. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8040558. [PMID: 32987691 PMCID: PMC7712002 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8040558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The initial months of life reflect an extremely challenging time for newborns as a naïve immune system is bombarded with a large array of pathogens, commensals, and other foreign entities. In many instances, the immune response of young infants is dampened or altered, resulting in increased susceptibility and disease following infection. This is the result of both qualitative and quantitative changes in the response of multiple cell types across the immune system. Here we provide a review of the challenges associated with the newborn response to respiratory viral pathogens as well as the hurdles and advances for vaccine-mediated protection.
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Harris DT, Israel S. What will Become of the Taxpayer Investment in Public Cord Blood Stem Cell Banking? Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 14:367-372. [PMID: 30806326 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x14666190222184155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cord Blood (CB) is a unique and readily available source of hematopoietic stem cells for transplantation. CB also contains other types of stem cells, including endothelial stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells, that may prove useful in non-traditional clinical uses. Genetic and molecular analyses have demonstrated that CB stem cells lie somewhere between mature stem cells like those found in Bone Marrow (BM), and fetal stem cells. After 25 years of clinical experience, CB is now used in the same fashion as BM for all typical malignant and genetic diseases treated by bone marrow transplant. Due to the establishment of CB banks in the US and abroad, more than 35,000 CB transplants have been performed over the past 25 years. An average of 700-800 CB transplants are performed annually. In addition, CB is now used more frequently for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering applications. At first glance, it seems that everything could not be better with the public cord blood banks and the use of their samples in the clinic. However, a recent report by the Rand Corp. reviewed the US national cord blood stem cell banking program and detailed many ongoing problems. However, some details were omitted from the report that would shed some light on the causes of many of the problems. This paper will summarize the status of the public cord blood stem cell banking program in the US, detail the problems associated with the program that could jeopardize its existence and suggest possible solutions to resolve these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T Harris
- AHSC Biorepository Professor of Immunobiology and Medicine University of Arizona and Scientific Director, Celebration Stem Cell Centre Gilbert, AZ, United States
| | - Scott Israel
- Laboratory Director and Quality Control Director Celebration Stem Cell Centre Gilbert, AZ, United States
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Zhao L, Cheng G, Choksi K, Samanta A, Girgis M, Soder R, Vincent RJ, Wulser M, De Ruyter M, McEnulty P, Hauptman J, Yang Y, Weiner CP, Dawn B. Transplantation of Human Umbilical Cord Blood-Derived Cellular Fraction Improves Left Ventricular Function and Remodeling After Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion. Circ Res 2019; 125:759-772. [PMID: 31462157 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.119.315216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Rationale: Human umbilical cord blood (hUCB) contains diverse populations of stem/progenitor cells. Whether hUCB-derived nonhematopoietic cells would induce cardiac repair remains unknown. Objective: To examine whether intramyocardial transplantation of hUCB-derived CD45-Lin- nonhematopoietic cellular fraction after a reperfused myocardial infarction in nonimmunosuppressed rats would improve cardiac function and ameliorate ventricular remodeling. Methods and Results: Nonhematopoietic CD45-Lin- cells were isolated from hUCB. Flow cytometry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction were used to characterize this subpopulation. Age-matched male Fischer 344 rats underwent a 30-minute coronary occlusion followed by reperfusion and 48 hours later received intramyocardial injection of vehicle or hUCB CD45-Lin- cells. After 35 days, compared with vehicle-treated rats, CD45-Lin- cell-treated rats exhibited improved left ventricular function, blunted left ventricular hypertrophy, greater preservation of viable myocardium in the infarct zone, and superior left ventricular remodeling. Mechanistically, hUCB CD45-Lin- cell injection favorably modulated molecular pathways regulating myocardial fibrosis, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, angiogenesis, and inflammation in postinfarct ventricular myocardium. Rare persistent transplanted human cells could be detected at both 4 and 35 days after myocardial infarction. Conclusions: Transplantation of hUCB-derived CD45-Lin- nonhematopoietic cellular subfraction after a reperfused myocardial infarction in nonimmunosuppressed rats ameliorates left ventricular dysfunction and improves remodeling via favorable paracrine modulation of molecular pathways. These findings with human cells in a clinically relevant model of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion in immunocompetent animals may have significant translational implications.Visual Overview: An online visual overview is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhao
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas School of Medicine (L.Z., G.C., M.G., J.H., Y.Y., B.D.)
| | - Guangming Cheng
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas School of Medicine (L.Z., G.C., M.G., J.H., Y.Y., B.D.)
| | - Kashyap Choksi
- Cardiology Consultants of South Georgia, Thomasville (K.C.)
| | - Anweshan Samanta
- Department of Internal Medicine (A.S.), University of Missouri-Kansas City
| | - Magdy Girgis
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas School of Medicine (L.Z., G.C., M.G., J.H., Y.Y., B.D.)
| | - Rupal Soder
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City (R.S., R.J.V., M.W., C.P.W.)
| | - Robert J Vincent
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City (R.S., R.J.V., M.W., C.P.W.)
| | - Michael Wulser
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City (R.S., R.J.V., M.W., C.P.W.)
| | - Matt De Ruyter
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery (M.D.R.), University of Missouri-Kansas City
| | - Patrick McEnulty
- Department of Radiology, University of Kansas School of Medicine-Wichita (P.M.)
| | - Jeryl Hauptman
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas School of Medicine (L.Z., G.C., M.G., J.H., Y.Y., B.D.)
| | - Yanjuan Yang
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas School of Medicine (L.Z., G.C., M.G., J.H., Y.Y., B.D.)
| | - Carl P Weiner
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City (R.S., R.J.V., M.W., C.P.W.)
| | - Buddhadeb Dawn
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas School of Medicine (L.Z., G.C., M.G., J.H., Y.Y., B.D.)
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Effects of HLA mismatch on cytomegalovirus reactivation in cord blood transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 2018; 54:1004-1012. [DOI: 10.1038/s41409-018-0369-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Kwok J, Chu P, Ong C, Law HKW, Ip P, Chan GCF, Lu L. Role of Regulatory T Cells in Noninherited Maternal Antigen-Related Tolerance in Cord Blood: An in Vitro Study. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2018; 25:424-435. [PMID: 30412784 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2018.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cord blood (CB) is an alternative stem cell source for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The unique advantages of using CB as a stem cell source are a degree of permissibility for HLA mismatch, rapid availability, and relatively risk-free cell collection. Because HLA is highly polymorphic and population-specific, optimal HLA-matched unrelated donors or cord blood units (CBUs) might not be available. In view of the possibility that matched CBUs that include noninherited maternal antigens (NIMAs) might contain acceptable HLA mismatches, we attempted to determine the degree of alloreactivity of CB mononuclear cells (MNCs) on stimulation by the maternal, paternal, and unrelated stimulator cells. Suppression of T cell proliferation, cytotoxicity, and a cytokine profile indicating suppressed Th1 and elevated IL-10 and TGF-β1 responses were observed in the mixed lymphocyte reaction in response to NIMAs. The increases in IL-10 and TGF-β1 production may be due to the Th2 response and/or regulatory T cells (Tregs). The reduced IL-10 and TGF-β1 production after CD25 depletion could have been due to removal of Tregs from the CB cells. Thus, Tregs appear to play an important role in the CB MNC response to NIMAs, possibly due to the induction of IL-10 and TGF-β1. We hope that our work can provide some evidence of the beneficial effect of NIMAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janette Kwok
- Division of Transplantation and Immunogenetics, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong.
| | - Patrick Chu
- Division of Transplantation and Immunogenetics, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Charas Ong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Helen Ka-Wai Law
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Patrick Ip
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Godfrey C F Chan
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Liwei Lu
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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22
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Subramanian N, Wu Z, Reister F, Sampaio KL, Frascaroli G, Cicin-Sain L, Mertens T. Naïve T cells are activated by autologous HCMV-infected endothelial cells through NKG2D and can control HCMV transmission in vitro. J Gen Virol 2017; 98:3068-3085. [PMID: 29165229 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Apart from classical antigen-presenting cells (APCs) like dendritic cells and macrophages, there are semiprofessional APCs such as endothelial cells (ECs) and Langerhans' cells. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infects a wide range of cell types including the ECs which are involved in the trafficking and homing of T cells. By investigating the interaction of naïve T cells obtained from HCMV-seronegative umbilical cord blood with autologous HCMV-infected human umbilical vein ECs (HUVECs), we could show that the activation of naïve T cells occurred after 1 day of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) exposure to HCMV-infected HUVECs. The percentage of activated T cells increased over time and the activation of naïve T cells was not induced by either autologous uninfected HUVECs or by autologous HCMV-infected fibroblasts. The activation of T cells occurred also when purified T cells were co-cultured with HCMV-infected HUVECs. In addition, in most of the donors only CD8+ T cells were activated, when the purified T cells were exposed to HCMV-infected HUVECs. The activation of naïve T cells was inhibited when the NKG2D receptor was blocked on the surface of T cells and among the different NKG2D ligands, we identified two ligands (ULBP4 and MICA) on HCMV-infected HUVECs which might be the interaction partners of the NKG2D receptor. Using a functional cell culture assay, we could show that these activated naïve T cells specifically inhibited HCMV transmission. Altogether, we identified a novel specific activation mechanism of naïve T cells from the umbilical cord by HCMV-infected autologous HUVECs through interaction with NKG2D.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zeguang Wu
- Institute of Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Frank Reister
- Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinics, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Giada Frascaroli
- Institute of Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany.,Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Luka Cicin-Sain
- Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute for Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Location Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Thomas Mertens
- Institute of Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
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Abstract
BACKGROUND In utero transplantation (IUT) of hematopoietic stem cells has the potential to treat a large number of hematologic and metabolic diseases amenable to partial replacement of the hematopoietic system. METHODS A review of the literature was conducted that focused on the clinical and experimental experience with IUT and, in this context, the development of the hematopoietic and immune systems. RESULTS Successful application of IUT has been limited to the treatment of various types of immunodeficiencies that affect lymphocyte development and function. Other congenital defects such as the thalassemias have not resulted in clinically significant engraftment. Recent efforts at understanding and overcoming the barriers to engraftment in the fetus have focused on providing a selective advantage to donor stem cells and fostering immune tolerance toward the donor cells. The critical cellular components of the graft that promote engraftment and tolerance induction are being evaluated in animal models. Improvements in engraftment have resulted from the inclusion of T cells and/or dendritic cells in the graft, as well as a strategy of combined prenatal and postnatal transplantation. CONCLUSIONS The advantages, necessity, and benefits of early treatment will continue to encourage development of IUT as a means to treat hematopoietic and other types of birth defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus O Muench
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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24
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Azario I, Pievani A, Del Priore F, Antolini L, Santi L, Corsi A, Cardinale L, Sawamoto K, Kubaski F, Gentner B, Bernardo ME, Valsecchi MG, Riminucci M, Tomatsu S, Aiuti A, Biondi A, Serafini M. Neonatal umbilical cord blood transplantation halts skeletal disease progression in the murine model of MPS-I. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9473. [PMID: 28842642 PMCID: PMC5573317 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09958-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Umbilical cord blood (UCB) is a promising source of stem cells to use in early haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) approaches for several genetic diseases that can be diagnosed at birth. Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS-I) is a progressive multi-system disorder caused by deficiency of lysosomal enzyme α-L-iduronidase, and patients treated with allogeneic HSCT at the onset have improved outcome, suggesting to administer such therapy as early as possible. Given that the best characterized MPS-I murine model is an immunocompetent mouse, we here developed a transplantation system based on murine UCB. With the final aim of testing the therapeutic efficacy of UCB in MPS-I mice transplanted at birth, we first defined the features of murine UCB cells and demonstrated that they are capable of multi-lineage haematopoietic repopulation of myeloablated adult mice similarly to bone marrow cells. We then assessed the effectiveness of murine UCB cells transplantation in busulfan-conditioned newborn MPS-I mice. Twenty weeks after treatment, iduronidase activity was increased in visceral organs of MPS-I animals, glycosaminoglycans storage was reduced, and skeletal phenotype was ameliorated. This study explores a potential therapy for MPS-I at a very early stage in life and represents a novel model to test UCB-based transplantation approaches for various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Azario
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Centro Ricerca M. Tettamanti, Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, 20900, Italy
| | - Alice Pievani
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Centro Ricerca M. Tettamanti, Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, 20900, Italy
| | - Federica Del Priore
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Centro Ricerca M. Tettamanti, Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, 20900, Italy
| | - Laura Antolini
- Centro di Biostatistica per l'epidemiologia clinica, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, 20900, Italy
| | - Ludovica Santi
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Centro Ricerca M. Tettamanti, Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, 20900, Italy
| | - Alessandro Corsi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, 00161, Italy
| | - Lucia Cardinale
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Centro Ricerca M. Tettamanti, Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, 20900, Italy
| | - Kazuki Sawamoto
- Department of Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, 19803, USA
| | - Francyne Kubaski
- Department of Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, 19803, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Bernhard Gentner
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, 20132, Italy
| | - Maria Ester Bernardo
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, 20132, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Valsecchi
- Centro di Biostatistica per l'epidemiologia clinica, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, 20900, Italy
| | - Mara Riminucci
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, 00161, Italy
| | - Shunji Tomatsu
- Department of Biomedical Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE, 19803, USA
| | - Alessandro Aiuti
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, 20132, Italy.,Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, 20132, Italy
| | - Andrea Biondi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, 20900, Italy
| | - Marta Serafini
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Centro Ricerca M. Tettamanti, Department of Pediatrics, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, 20900, Italy.
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St John LS, Wan L, He H, Garber HR, Clise-Dwyer K, Alatrash G, Rezvani K, Shpall EJ, Bollard CM, Ma Q, Molldrem JJ. PR1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes are relatively frequent in umbilical cord blood and can be effectively expanded to target myeloid leukemia. Cytotherapy 2017; 18:995-1001. [PMID: 27378343 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS PR1 is an HLA-A2 restricted leukemia-associated antigen derived from neutrophil elastase and proteinase 3, both of which are normally stored in the azurophil granules of myeloid cells but overexpressed in myeloid leukemic cells. PR1-specific cytotoxic lymphocytes (PR1-CTLs) have activity against primary myeloid leukemia in vitro and in vivo and thus could have great potential in the setting of adoptive cellular therapy (ACT). Adult peripheral blood-derived PR1-CTLs are infrequent but preferentially lyse myeloid leukemia cells. We sought to examine PR1-CTLs in umbilical cord blood (UCB) because UCB units provide a rapidly available cell source and a lower risk of graft-versus-host disease, even in the setting of mismatched human leukocyte antigen (HLA) loci. METHODS We first determined the frequency of PR1-CTLs in HLA-A2(+) UCB units and then successfully expanded them ex vivo using repeated stimulation with PR1 peptide-pulsed antigen-presenting cells (APCs). After expansion, we assessed the PR1-CTL phenotype (naive, effector, memory) and function against PR1-expressing target cells. RESULTS PR1-CTLs are detected at an average frequency of 0.14% within the CD8(+) population of fresh UCB units, which is 45 times higher than in healthy adult peripheral blood. UCB PR1-CTLs are phenotypically naive, consistent with the UCB CD8(+) population as a whole. In addition, the cells can be expanded by stimulation with PR1 peptide-pulsed APCs. Expansion results in an increased frequency of PR1-CTLs, up to 4.56%, with an average 20-fold increase in total number. After expansion, UCB PR1-CTLs express markers consistent with effector memory T cells. Expanded UCB PR1-CTLs are functional in vitro as they are able to produce cytokines and lyse PR1-expressing leukemia cell lines. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first report to show that T cells specific for a leukemia-associated antigen are found at a significantly higher frequency in UCB than adult blood. Our results also demonstrate specific cytotoxicity of expanded UCB-derived PR1-CTLs against PR1-expressing targets. Together, our data suggest that UCB PR1-CTLs could be useful to prevent or treat leukemia relapse in myeloid leukemia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa S St John
- Section of Transplantation Immunology, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Liping Wan
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated First People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong He
- Section of Transplantation Immunology, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Haven R Garber
- Section of Transplantation Immunology, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Karen Clise-Dwyer
- Section of Transplantation Immunology, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Gheath Alatrash
- Section of Transplantation Immunology, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Katayoun Rezvani
- Section of Transplantation Immunology, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Shpall
- Section of Transplantation Immunology, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Catherine M Bollard
- Center for Cancer and Immunology Research, Children's Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Qing Ma
- Section of Transplantation Immunology, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Molldrem
- Section of Transplantation Immunology, Department of Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
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26
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Newcomb JD, Sanberg PR, Klasko SK, Willing AE. Umbilical Cord Blood Research: Current and Future Perspectives. Cell Transplant 2017. [DOI: 10.3727/000000007783464623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Umbilical cord blood (UCB) banking has become a new obstetrical trend. It offers expectant parents a biological insurance policy that can be used in the event of a child or family member's life-threatening illness and puts patients in a position of control over their own treatment options. However, its graduation to conventional therapy in the clinical realm relies on breakthrough research that will prove its efficacy for a range of ailments. Expanding the multipotent cells found within the mononuclear fraction of UCB so that adequate dosing can be achieved, effectively expanding desired cells ex vivo, establishing its safety and limitations in HLA-mismatched recipients, defining its mechanisms of action, and proving its utility in a wide variety of both rare and common illnesses and diseases are a few of the challenges left to tackle. Nevertheless, the field is moving fast and new UCB-based therapies are on the horizon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer D. Newcomb
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, University of South Florida, College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Paul R. Sanberg
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, University of South Florida, College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Stephen K. Klasko
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of South Florida, College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Alison E. Willing
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, University of South Florida, College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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Amos TA, Gordon MY. Sources of Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells for Transplantation–A Review. Cell Transplant 2017; 4:547-69. [PMID: 8714777 DOI: 10.1177/096368979500400605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells provides a means of replacing a defective hematopoietic system in patients with a wide range of malignant and nonmalignant disorders that affect the blood forming tissue. The same procedure has also allowed dose-escalation of standard chemotherapy and radiotherapy in the treatment of malignant disease of nonhematological origin. Until recently, bone marrow has been the sole source of hematopoietic stem cells, but limitations of conventional bone marrow transplantation have stimulated a search for alternative sources and uses of stem cells. Fetal tissues (especially liver) are a recognized source of transplantable stem cells and offer the great advantage of reduced immunogenicity, potentially removing the problems of tissue type matching. Umbilical cord blood is also a rich source of stem cells and, although it contains alloreactive cells, it is readily available without special ethical constraints. Both fetal tissue and cord blood suffer the disadvantages of limited numbers of stem cells per donation, and there is much interest in the development of technologies for the safe and reliable expansion and/or pooling of stem and progenitor cells. The observation that small numbers of stem cells are found in the peripheral blood of adults has led to the exploitation of the blood as a further source of stem cells. The ability to mobilize these cells from the medullary compartment into the periphery by the use of chemotherapy and/or recombinant hematopoietic growth factors has enabled the collection of sufficient numbers of cells for transplantation purposes. All of these advances are increasing the options and the range of choices available to clinicians and patients in the arena of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Amos
- Leukaemia Research Fund Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
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28
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Evaluation of direct and cell-mediated triple-gene therapy in spinal cord injury in rats. Brain Res Bull 2017; 132:44-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Garbuzova-Davis S, Ehrhart J, Sanberg PR. Cord blood as a potential therapeutic for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2017; 17:837-851. [DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2017.1323862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Svitlana Garbuzova-Davis
- Center of Excellence for Aging & Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jared Ehrhart
- Center of Excellence for Aging & Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Paul R. Sanberg
- Center of Excellence for Aging & Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
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30
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Berglund S, Magalhaes I, Gaballa A, Vanherberghen B, Uhlin M. Advances in umbilical cord blood cell therapy: the present and the future. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2017; 17:691-699. [PMID: 28379044 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2017.1316713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Umbilical cord blood (UCB), previously seen as medical waste, is increasingly recognized as a valuable source of cells for therapeutic use. The best-known application is in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), where UCB has become an increasingly important graft source in the 28 years since the first umbilical cord blood transplantation (UCBT) was performed. Recently, UCB has been increasingly investigated as a putative source for adoptive cell therapy. Areas covered: This review covers the advances in umbilical cord blood transplantation (UCBT) to overcome the limitation regarding cellular dose, immunological naivety and additional cell doses such as DLI. It also provides an overview regarding the progress in adoptive cellular therapy using UCB. Expert opinion: UCB has been established as an important source of stem cells for HSCT. Successful strategies to overcome the limitations of UCBT, such as the limited cell numbers and naivety of the cells, are being developed, including novel methods to perform in vitro expansion of progenitor cells, and to improve their homing to the bone marrow. Promising early clinical trials of adoptive therapies with UCB cells, including non-immunological cells, are currently performed for viral infections, malignant diseases and in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Berglund
- a Centre for Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation , Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Isabelle Magalhaes
- b Department of oncology and Pathology , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Ahmed Gaballa
- c Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Bruno Vanherberghen
- d Department of Applied Physics , Royal Institute of Technology , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Michael Uhlin
- c Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden.,d Department of Applied Physics , Royal Institute of Technology , Stockholm , Sweden.,e Department of Immunology/Transfusion Medicine , Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm , Sweden
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Dass Singh M, Thomas P, Hor M, Almond T, Owens J, Hague W, Fenech M. Infant birth outcomes are associated with DNA damage biomarkers as measured by the cytokinesis block micronucleus cytome assay: the DADHI study. Mutagenesis 2017; 32:355-370. [DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gex001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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32
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Malloy AMW, Ruckwardt TJ, Morabito KM, Lau-Kilby AW, Graham BS. Pulmonary Dendritic Cell Subsets Shape the Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Specific CD8+ T Cell Immunodominance Hierarchy in Neonates. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 198:394-403. [PMID: 27895172 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Young infants are generally more susceptible to viral infections and experience more severe disease than do adults. CD8+ T cells are important for viral clearance, and although often ineffective in neonates they can be protective when adequately stimulated. Using a murine CB6F1/J hybrid model of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, we previously demonstrated that the CD8+ T cell immunodominance hierarchy to two RSV-derived epitopes, KdM282-90 and DbM187-195, was determined by the age at infection. To determine whether age-dependent RSV-specific CD8+ T cell responses could be modified through enhanced innate signaling, we used TLR4 or TLR9 agonist treatment at the time of infection, which remarkably changed the neonatal codominant response to an adult-like KdM282-90 CD8+ T cell immunodominant response. This shift was associated with an increase in the number of conventional dendritic cells, CD11b+ and CD103+ dendritic cells, in the lung-draining lymph node, as well as increased expression of the costimulatory molecule CD86. The magnitude of the KdM282-90 CD8+ T cell response in TLR agonist-treated neonates could be blocked with Abs against CD80 and CD86. These studies demonstrate the age-dependent function of conventional dendritic cells, their role in determining immunodominance hierarchy, and epitope-specific CD8+ T cell requirements for costimulation, all of which influence the immune response magnitude. The unique impact of TLR agonists on neonatal T cell responses is important to consider for RSV vaccines designed for young infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison M W Malloy
- Laboratory of Neonatal Infection and Immunity, Department of Pediatrics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814; and .,Viral Pathogenesis Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Tracy J Ruckwardt
- Viral Pathogenesis Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Kaitlyn M Morabito
- Viral Pathogenesis Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Annie W Lau-Kilby
- Laboratory of Neonatal Infection and Immunity, Department of Pediatrics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814; and
| | - Barney S Graham
- Viral Pathogenesis Laboratory, Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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Holbrook BC, D'Agostino RB, Parks GD, Alexander-Miller MA. Adjuvanting an inactivated influenza vaccine with flagellin improves the function and quantity of the long-term antibody response in a nonhuman primate neonate model. Vaccine 2016; 34:4712-4717. [PMID: 27516064 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Young infants are at significantly increased risk of developing severe disease following infection with influenza virus. At present there is no approved vaccine for individuals below the age of six months given previous studies showing a failure of these individuals to efficiently seroconvert. Given the major impact of influenza on infant health, it is critical that we develop vaccines that will be safe and effective in this population. Using a nonhuman primate (NHP) model, we have evaluated the ability of an inactivated influenza virus vaccine adjuvanted with flagellin to result in long term immune responses in neonates. To evaluate this critical attribute, neonate NHP were vaccinated and boosted with inactivated influenza virus in combination with either flagellin or a mutant inactive flagellin control. Our studies show that inclusion of flagellin resulted in a significant increase (5-fold, p=0.04) in influenza virus-specific IgG antibody at 6months post-vaccination. In addition, the antibody present at this late time was of higher affinity (2.4-fold, p=0.02). Finally a greater percentage of infants had detectable neutralizing antibody. These results support the use of flagellin in neonates as an adjuvant that promotes long-lived, high affinity antibody responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth C Holbrook
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Ralph B D'Agostino
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Griffith D Parks
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Martha A Alexander-Miller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States.
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Harris DT, Sakiestewa D, Titone D, Witten M. JP-8 jet fuel exposure rapidly induces high levels of IL-10 and PGE2 secretion and is correlated with loss of immune function. Toxicol Ind Health 2016; 23:223-30. [DOI: 10.1177/0748233707083956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The US Air Force has implemented the widespread use of JP-8 jet fuel in its operations, although a thorough understanding of its potential effects upon exposed personnel is unclear. Previous work has demonstrated that JP-8 exposure is immunosuppressive. In the present study, the potential mechanisms for the effects of JP-8 exposure on the immune system were investigated. Exposure of mice to JP-8 for 1 h/day resulted in immediate secretion of two immunosuppressive agents; namely, interleukin-10 (IL-10) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). JP-8 exposure rapidly induced a persistently high level of serum IL-10 and PGE2 at an exposure concentration of 1000 mg/m3. IL-10 levels peaked at 2h post-JP-8 exposure and then stabilized at significantly elevated serum levels, while PGE2 levels peaked after 2—3 days of exposure and then stabilized. Elevated IL-10 and PGE2 levels may at least partially explain the effects of JP-8 exposure on immune function. Elevated IL-10 and PGE2 levels, however, cannot explain all of the effects due to JP-8 exposure (e.g., decreased organ weights and decreased viable immune cells), as treatment with a PGE2 inhibitor did not completely reverse the immunosuppressive effects of jet fuel exposure. Thus, low concentration JP-8 jet fuel exposures have significant effects on the immune system, which can be partially explained by the secretion of immunosuppressive modulators, which are cumulative over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- David T. Harris
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA,
| | - Debbie Sakiestewa
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Dominic Titone
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Mark Witten
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson AZ 85724, USA
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Sinnott BD, Park B, Boer MC, Lewinsohn DA, Lancioni CL. Direct TLR-2 Costimulation Unmasks the Proinflammatory Potential of Neonatal CD4+ T Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:68-77. [PMID: 27194790 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neonatal CD4(+) T cells have traditionally been viewed as deficient in their capacity to produce Th1 cytokines in response to polyclonal or Ag-specific stimuli. Thus, defining unique aspects of CD4(+) T cell activation and development into Th1 effector cells in neonates is essential to the successful development of novel vaccines and immunotherapies to protect infants from intracellular pathogens. Using highly purified naive CD4(+) T cells derived from cord and adult peripheral blood, we compared the impact of anti-CD3 stimulation plus costimulation through TLR-2 performed in the absence of APC on CD4(+) T cell cytokine production, proliferation, and expression of activation markers. In both age groups, TLR-2 costimulation elicited activation of naive CD4(+) T cells, characterized by robust production of IL-2 as well as key Th1-type cytokines IFN-γ and TNF-α. TLR-2 costimulation also dramatically reduced naive T cell production of the immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10. We observed that neonatal naive CD4(+) T cells are uniquely sensitive to TLR-2-mediated costimulation, which enabled them to produce equivalent amounts of IFN-γ and more IL-2 when compared with adult responses. Thus, neonatal CD4(+) T cells have a distinctive propensity to use TLR-2-mediated costimulation for development into proinflammatory Th1 effectors, and interventions that target CD4(+) T cell TLR-2-mediated responses may be exploited to enhance neonatal adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian D Sinnott
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239; and
| | - Byung Park
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Mardi C Boer
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239; and
| | - Deborah A Lewinsohn
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239; and
| | - Christina L Lancioni
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239; and
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Strocchio L, Romano M, Cefalo MG, Vinti L, Gaspari S, Locatelli F. Cord blood transplantation in children with hemoglobinopathies. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2015. [DOI: 10.1517/21678707.2015.1076724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Inclusion of Flagellin during Vaccination against Influenza Enhances Recall Responses in Nonhuman Primate Neonates. J Virol 2015; 89:7291-303. [PMID: 25948746 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00549-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Influenza virus can cause life-threatening infections in neonates and young infants. Although vaccination is a major countermeasure against influenza, current vaccines are not approved for use in infants less than 6 months of age, in part due to the weak immune response following vaccination. Thus, there is a strong need to develop new vaccines with improved efficacy for this vulnerable population. To address this issue, we established a neonatal African green monkey (AGM) nonhuman primate model that could be used to identify effective influenza vaccine approaches for use in young infants. We assessed the ability of flagellin, a Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) agonist, to serve as an effective adjuvant in this at-risk population. Four- to 6-day-old AGMs were primed and boosted with inactivated PR8 influenza virus (IPR8) adjuvanted with either wild-type flagellin or inactive flagellin with a mutation at position 229 (m229), the latter of which is incapable of signaling through TLR5. Increased IgG responses were observed following a boost, as well as at early times after challenge, in infants vaccinated with flagellin-adjuvanted IPR8. Inclusion of flagellin during vaccination also resulted in a significantly increased number of influenza virus-specific T cells following challenge compared to the number in infants vaccinated with the m229 adjuvant. Finally, following challenge infants vaccinated with IPR8 plus flagellin exhibited a reduced pathology in the lungs compared to that in infants that received IPR8 plus m229. This study provides the first evidence of flagellin-mediated enhancement of vaccine responses in nonhuman primate neonates. IMPORTANCE Young infants are particularly susceptible to severe disease as a result of influenza virus infection. Compounding this is the lack of effective vaccines for use in this vulnerable population. Here we describe a vaccine approach that results in improved immune responses and protection in young infants. Incorporation of flagellin during vaccination resulted in increased antibody and T cell responses together with reduced disease following virus infection. These results suggest that flagellin may serve as an effective adjuvant for vaccines targeted to this vulnerable population.
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Alexander-Miller MA. Vaccines against respiratory viral pathogens for use in neonates: opportunities and challenges. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 193:5363-9. [PMID: 25411431 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The first six months of life reflect a time of high susceptibility to severe disease following respiratory virus infection. Although this could be improved significantly by immunization, current vaccines are not approved for use in these very young individuals. This is the result of the combined effects of poor immune responsiveness and safety concerns regarding the use of live attenuated vaccines or potent adjuvants in this population. Vaccines to effectively combat respiratory viral infection ideally would result in robust CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell responses, as well as high-affinity Ab. Inclusion of TLR agonists or single-cycle viruses is an attractive approach for provision of signals that can act as potent stimulators of dendritic cell maturation, as well as direct activators of T and/or B cells. In this article, I discuss the challenges associated with generation of a robust immune response in neonates and the potential for adjuvants to overcome these obstacles.
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Ornelles DA, Gooding LR, Garnett-Benson C. Neonatal infection with species C adenoviruses confirmed in viable cord blood lymphocytes. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119256. [PMID: 25764068 PMCID: PMC4357425 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Credible but conflicting reports address the frequency of prenatal infection by species C adenovirus. This question is important because these viruses persist in lymphoid cells and suppress double-stranded DNA-break repair. Consequently, prenatal adenovirus infections may generate the aberrant clones of lymphocytes that precede development of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The present study was designed to overcome technical limitations of prior work by processing cord blood lymphocytes within a day of collection, and by analyzing sufficient numbers of lymphocytes to detect adenovirus-containing cells at the lower limits determined by our previous studies of tonsil lymphocytes. By this approach, adenoviral DNA was identified in 19 of 517 (3.7%) samples, providing definitive evidence for the occurrence of prenatal infection with species C adenoviruses in a significant fraction of neonates predominantly of African American and Hispanic ancestry. Cord blood samples were also tested for the presence of the ETV6-RUNX1 translocation, the most common genetic abnormality in childhood ALL. Using a nested PCR assay, the ETV6-RUNX1 transcript was detected in four of 196 adenovirus-negative samples and one of 14 adenovirus-positive cord blood samples. These findings indicate that this method will be suitable for determining concordance between adenovirus infection and the leukemia-associated translocations in newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Ornelles
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Linda R. Gooding
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - C. Garnett-Benson
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Holbrook BC, Hayward SL, Blevins LK, Kock N, Aycock T, Parks GD, Alexander-Miller MA. Nonhuman primate infants have an impaired respiratory but not systemic IgG antibody response following influenza virus infection. Virology 2015; 476:124-133. [PMID: 25543963 PMCID: PMC4323840 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2014.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory infection of young infants results in increased morbidity and mortality compared to infection of adults. In spite of the significance of this health issue, our understanding of the immune response elicited in infants especially in the respiratory tract is highly limited. We developed a nonhuman primate model to probe the virus-specific antibody response in infants following infection with influenza virus. Infection of infants resulted in more pulmonary damage and higher viral loads compared to adults. While the systemic IgG antibody response was similar in infant and adult animals, the response in the upper respiratory tract of the infant was compromised. This lower response was associated with an increased prevalence of Treg cells and low levels of BALT. These data suggest a defect in the ability to produce effective virus-specific antibody responses at the local infection site is a contributor to increased pulmonary damage in the at-risk infant population.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antibody Formation
- Chlorocebus aethiops
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin G/immunology
- Infant
- Infant, Newborn
- Infant, Newborn, Diseases/immunology
- Infant, Newborn, Diseases/virology
- Influenza A virus/physiology
- Influenza, Human/immunology
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Male
- Respiratory Tract Infections/immunology
- Respiratory Tract Infections/virology
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth C Holbrook
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, United States
| | - Sarah L Hayward
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, United States
| | - Lance K Blevins
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, United States
| | - Nancy Kock
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, United States
| | - Tyler Aycock
- Animal Resources Program, Wake Forest School of Medicine, United States
| | - Griffith D Parks
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, United States
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Krakow EF, Bergeron J, Lachance S, Roy DC, Delisle JS. Harnessing the power of alloreactivity without triggering graft-versus-host disease: how non-engrafting alloreactive cellular therapy might change the landscape of acute myeloid leukemia treatment. Blood Rev 2014; 28:249-61. [PMID: 25228333 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2014] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen-mismatched leukocyte infusions outside of the context of transplantation are a promising strategy for acute myeloid leukemia. Recent studies using such non-engrafting alloreactive cellular therapy (NEACT) revealed that survival of elderly patients increased from 10% to 39% when NEACT was given following chemotherapy, and that durable complete remissions were achieved in about a third of patients with relapsed or chemorefractory disease. We review the clinical reports of different NEACT approaches to date and describe how although T-cell and NK alloreactivity could generate immediate anti-leukemic effects, long-term disease control may be achieved by stimulating recipient-derived T-cell responses against tumor-associated antigens. Other variables likely impacting NEACT such as the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines from donor-host bidirectional alloreactivity and the choice of chemotherapeutics as well as future avenues for improving NEACT, such as optimizing the cell dose and potential synergies with adjuvant pharmacologic immune checkpoint blockade, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth F Krakow
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont Research Center, Université de Montréal, 5415 de l'Assomption, Montreal, Quebec, H1T 2M4, Canada.
| | - Julie Bergeron
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont Research Center, Université de Montréal, 5415 de l'Assomption, Montreal, Quebec, H1T 2M4, Canada.
| | - Silvy Lachance
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont Research Center, Université de Montréal, 5415 de l'Assomption, Montreal, Quebec, H1T 2M4, Canada.
| | - Denis-Claude Roy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont Research Center, Université de Montréal, 5415 de l'Assomption, Montreal, Quebec, H1T 2M4, Canada.
| | - Jean-Sébastien Delisle
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont Research Center, Université de Montréal, 5415 de l'Assomption, Montreal, Quebec, H1T 2M4, Canada.
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Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) have become the most extensively studied stem cells and HSC-based cellular therapy is promising for hematopoietic cancers and hereditary blood disorders. Successful treatment of patients with HSC cells depends on sufficient number of highly purified HSCs and progenitor cells. However, stem cells are a very rare population no matter where they come from. Thus, ex vivo amplification of these HSCs is essential. The heavy demands from more and more patients for HSCs also require industrial-scale expansion of HSCs with lower production cost and higher efficiency. Two main ways to reach that goal: (1) to find clinically applicable, simple and efficient methods (or reagents) to enrich HSCs; (2) to find new developmental regulators and chemical compounds in order to replace the currently used cytokine cocktails for HSCs amplification. In this Editorial review, we would like to introduce the current status of ex vivo expansion of HSCs, particularly focusing on enrichment and culture supplements.
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Karlupia N, Manley NC, Prasad K, Schäfer R, Steinberg GK. Intraarterial transplantation of human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells is more efficacious and safer compared with umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells in a rodent stroke model. Stem Cell Res Ther 2014; 5:45. [PMID: 24690461 PMCID: PMC4055161 DOI: 10.1186/scrt434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide, claims six lives every 60 seconds, and is a leading cause of adult disability across the globe. Tissue plasminogen activator, the only United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drug currently available, has a narrow therapeutic time window of less than 5 hours. In the past decade, cells derived from the human umbilical cord (HUC) have emerged as a potential therapeutic alternative for stroke; however, the most effective HUC-derived cell population remains unknown. METHODS We compared three cell populations derived from the human umbilical cord: cord blood mononuclear cells (cbMNCs); cord blood mesenchymal stromal cells (cbMSCs), a subpopulation of cbMNCs; and cord matrix MSCs (cmMSCs). We characterized these cells in vitro with flow cytometry and assessed the cells' in vivo efficacy in a 2-hour transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) rat model of stroke. cbMNCs, cbMSCs, and cmMSCs were each transplanted intraarterially at 24 hours after stroke. RESULTS A reduction in neurologic deficit and infarct area was observed in all three cell groups; however, this reduction was significantly enhanced in the cbMNC group compared with the cmMSC group. At 2 weeks after stroke, human nuclei-positive cells were present in the ischemic hemispheres of immunocompetent stroke rats in all three cell groups. Significantly decreased expression of rat brain-derived neurotrophic factor mRNA was observed in the ischemic hemispheres of all three cell-treated and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) group animals compared with sham animals, although the decrease was least in cbMNC-treated animals. Significantly decreased expression of rat interleukin (IL)-2 mRNA and IL-6 mRNA was seen only in the cbMSC group. Notably, more severe complications (death, eye inflammation) were observed in the cmMSC group compared with the cbMNC and cbMSC groups. CONCLUSIONS All three tested cell types promoted recovery after stroke, but cbMNCs showed enhanced recovery and fewer complications compared with cmMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Karlupia
- Department of Neurosurgery, R281, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5487, USA
- Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Nathan C Manley
- Department of Neurosurgery, R281, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5487, USA
- Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kameshwar Prasad
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Richard Schäfer
- Department of Neurosurgery, R281, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5487, USA
| | - Gary K Steinberg
- Department of Neurosurgery, R281, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5487, USA
- Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Shahaduzzaman M, Golden JE, Green S, Gronda AE, Adrien E, Ahmed A, Sanberg PR, Bickford PC, Gemma C, Willing AE. A single administration of human umbilical cord blood T cells produces long-lasting effects in the aging hippocampus. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 35:2071-2087. [PMID: 23263793 PMCID: PMC3825009 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-012-9496-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Neurogenesis occurs throughout life but significantly decreases with age. Human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells (HUCB MNCs) have been shown to increase the proliferation of neural stem cells (NSCs) in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus and the subgranular zone of aging rats (Bachstetter et al., BMC Neurosci 9:22, 2008), but it is unclear which fraction or combination of the HUCB MNCs are responsible for neurogenesis. To address this issue, we examined the ability of HUCB MNCs, CD4+, CD8+, CD3+, CD14+, and CD133+ subpopulations to increase proliferation of NSCs both in vitro and in vivo. NSCs were first grown in conditioned media generated from HUCB cultures, and survival and proliferation of NSC were determined with the fluorescein diacetate/propidium iodide and 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation assays, respectively. In a second study, we injected HUCB cells intravenously in young and aged Fisher 344 rats and examined proliferation in the DG at 1 week (study 2.1) and 2 weeks (study 2.2) postinjection. The effects of the HUCB MNC fractions on dendritic spine density and microglial activation were also assessed. HUCB T cells (CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ cells) induced proliferation of NSCs (p < 0.001) and increased cell survival. In vivo, HUCB-derived CD4+ cells increased NSC proliferation at both 1 and 2 weeks while also enhancing the density of dendritic spines at 1 week and decreasing inflammation at 2 weeks postinjection. Collectively, these data indicate that a single injection of HUCB-derived T cells induces long-lasting effects and may therefore have tremendous potential to improve aging neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shahaduzzaman
- Center for Excellence in Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, MDC78, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
| | - Jason E. Golden
- Center for Excellence in Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, MDC78, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
| | - Suzanne Green
- Center for Excellence in Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, MDC78, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
| | - Allisun E. Gronda
- Center for Excellence in Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, MDC78, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
| | - Emanuelle Adrien
- Center for Excellence in Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, MDC78, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
| | - Aysha Ahmed
- Center for Excellence in Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, MDC78, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
| | - Paul R. Sanberg
- Center for Excellence in Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, MDC78, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
| | - Paula C. Bickford
- Center for Excellence in Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, MDC78, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
- Research Service, James A Haley VA Hospital, 13000 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33620 USA
| | - Carmelina Gemma
- Center for Excellence in Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, MDC78, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
| | - Alison E. Willing
- Center for Excellence in Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, MDC78, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
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Fucic A, Katic J, Fthenou E, Kogevinas M, Plavec D, Koppe J, Batinic D, Chalkiadaki G, Chatzi L, Lasan R, Kleinjans J, Kirsch-Volders M. Increased frequency of micronuclei in mononucleated lymphocytes and cytome analysis in healthy newborns as an early warning biomarkers of possible future health risks. Reprod Toxicol 2013; 42:110-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Maturation of CD4+ Regulatory T Lymphocytes and of Cytokine Secretions in Infants Born Prematurely. J Clin Immunol 2013; 33:1126-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s10875-013-9911-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Doganci A, Birkholz J, Gehring S, Puhl AG, Zepp F, Meyer CU. In the presence of IL-21 human cord blood T cells differentiate to IL-10-producing Th1 but not Th17 or Th2 cells. Int Immunol 2012; 25:157-69. [DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxs097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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50
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Lin SJ, Yan DC, Lee YC, Hsiao HS, Lee PT, Liang YW, Kuo ML. Umbilical cord blood immunology: relevance to stem cell transplantation. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2012; 42:45-57. [PMID: 22134956 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-011-8289-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Because of its easier accessibility and less severe graft-versus-host disease, umbilical cord blood (UCB) has been increasingly used as an alternative to bone marrow for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Naiveté of UCB lymphocytes, however, results in delayed immune reconstitution and infection-related mortality in transplant recipients. This review updates the phenotypic and functional deficiencies of various immune cell populations in UCB compared with their adult counterparts and discusses clinical implications and possible therapeutic strategies to improve the outcome of stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syh-Jae Lin
- Division of Asthma, Allergy, and Rheumatology Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
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