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Okuda T. Design of Carrier Molecules Suitable for Inducing Immunity to Oligosaccharide Antigens: Application to Anti-Glycoprotein Monoclonal Antibodies. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2018. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.1762.1j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Okuda
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
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2
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Okuda T. Design of Carrier Molecules Suitable for Inducing Immunity to Oligosaccharide Antigens: Application to Anti-Glycoprotein Monoclonal Antibodies. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2018. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.1762.1e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Okuda
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
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3
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Nadeem T, Khan MA, Ijaz B, Ahmed N, Rahman ZU, Latif MS, Ali Q, Rana MA. Glycosylation of Recombinant Anticancer Therapeutics in Different Expression Systems with Emerging Technologies. Cancer Res 2018; 78:2787-2798. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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4
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Generation of anti-oligosaccharide antibodies that recognize mammalian glycoproteins by immunization with a novel artificial glycosphingolipid. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 497:983-989. [PMID: 29458022 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.02.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Here we report a new method for the efficient generation of antibodies that recognize the fine structures of oligosaccharides on glycoproteins. We found a newly designed artificial glycosphingolipid carrying a very long chain fatty acid to be a strong immunogen in mice, with the serum of immunized mice containing antibodies recognizing the oligosaccharide structure of the immunogen. First, we found that conjugation of a simple ceramide analogue to target oligosaccharides could enhance the immunogenicity of these oligosaccharides in these immunized mice. This effect was confirmed in mice immunized with the artificial glycosphingolipids carrying 6'-Sialyl-LacNAc, 3'-Sialyl-LacNAc and LacNAc. Next, we tried to improve the immunogenic enhancing effect of the ceramide analogue. In a model experiment using 6'-Sialyl-LacNAc oligosaccharide, we manipulated the alkyl chains to several lengths, and found that a longer alkyl chain length of the fatty acid correlated with high immunogenicity. Among these we examined, artificial glycosphingolipids conjugated with a ceramide analogue carrying a very long chain fatty acid (lignoceric acid) showed the strongest immunogenicity. By using the artificial glycosphingolipid containing 6'-Sialy-LacNAc and lignoceric acid, we succeeded in the generation of a new anti-6'-Sialyl-LacNAc antibody that recognizes 6'-Sialyl-LacNAc carrying glycoproteins but does not bind to 6'-Sialyllactose, asialo-glycoporoteins and glycoproteins carrying 3'-Sialyl-LacNAc. These results indicate that the established technology is valuable for the targeted generation of monoclonal antibodies against glycoproteins containing specific oligosaccharide structures.
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Abstract
Many oligosaccharides are not commercially available, which limits studies focused on elucidation of glycan functions; therefore chemo-enzymatic methods to synthesize them can be very useful. Here, we describe the procedure to synthesize the Galα1-3GalNAcβ1-4GlcNAcβ-R (Gal-LDN) moiety, containing the Galα1-3GalNAc epitope found on the parasitic helminth Haemonchus contortus. An acceptor substrate providing a terminal N-acetylglucosamine was prepared by coupling the fluorescent hydrophobic aglycon, 2,6-diaminopyridine (DAP), to N,N'-diacetylchitobiose. By the subsequent action of recombinant Caenorhabditis elegans β1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase the substrate was efficiently converted to GalNAcβ1-4GlcNAcβ-R (LDN-R). Since no recombinant α1,3-galactosyltransferase has been described that acts on terminal βGalNAc, we used bovine α1,3-galactosyltransferase to obtain a partial conversion of LDN-R to the Gal-LDN antigen. This method can be applied to synthesize any oligosaccharide, provided that specific glycosyltransferases are available, or related enzymes that can be pushed to elongate the selected acceptor.
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Yang S, Zhang H. Solid-phase glycan isolation for glycomics analysis. Proteomics Clin Appl 2012; 6:596-608. [PMID: 23090885 PMCID: PMC3674833 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201200045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Revised: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation is one of the most significant protein PTMs. The biological activities of proteins are dramatically changed by the glycans associated with them. Thus, structural analysis of the glycans of glycoproteins in complex biological or clinical samples is critical in correlation with the functions of glycans with diseases. Profiling of glycans by HPLC-MS is a commonly used technique in analyzing glycan structures and quantifying their relative abundance in different biological systems. Methods relied on MS require isolation of glycans from negligible salts and other contaminant ions since salts and ions may interfere with the glycans, resulting in poor glycan ionization. To accomplish those objectives, glycan isolation and clean-up methods including SPE, liquid-phase extraction, chromatography, and electrophoresis have been developed. Traditionally, glycans are isolated from proteins or peptides using a combination of hydrophobic and hydrophilic columns: proteins and peptides remain on hydrophobic absorbent while glycans, salts, and other hydrophilic reagents are collected as flowthrough. The glycans in the flowthrough are then purified through graphite-activated carbon column by hydrophilic interaction LC. Yet, the drawback in these affinity-based approaches is nonspecific binding. As a result, chemical methods by hydrazide or oxime have been developed for solid-phase isolation of glycans with high specificity and yield. Combined with high-resolution MS, specific glycan isolation techniques provide tremendous potentials as useful tools for glycomics analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Yang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
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7
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Kwon SJ, Lee KB, Solakyildirim K, Masuko S, Ly M, Zhang F, Li L, Dordick JS, Linhardt RJ. Signal amplification by glyco-qPCR for ultrasensitive detection of carbohydrates: applications in glycobiology. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:11800-4. [PMID: 23073897 PMCID: PMC3544480 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201205112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Revised: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Tiny amounts of carbohydrates (ca. 1 zmol) can be detected quantitatively by a real-time method based on the conjugation of carbohydrates with DNA markers (see picture). The proposed method (glyco-qPCR) provides uniform, ultrasensitive detection of carbohydrates, which can be applied to glycobiology, as well as carbohydrate-based drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok Joon Kwon
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180 (USA)
| | - Kyung Bok Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 302-718 (Republic of Korea)
| | - Kemal Solakyildirim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180 (USA)
| | - Sayaka Masuko
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180 (USA)
| | - Mellisa Ly
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180 (USA)
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180 (USA)
| | - Lingyun Li
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180 (USA)
| | - Jonathan S. Dordick
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180 (USA)
| | - Robert J. Linhardt
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180 (USA)
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8
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Kwon SJ, Lee KB, Solakyildirim K, Masuko S, Ly M, Zhang F, Li L, Dordick JS, Linhardt RJ. Signal Amplification by Glyco-qPCR for Ultrasensitive Detection of Carbohydrates: Applications in Glycobiology. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201205112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Harvey DJ. Derivatization of carbohydrates for analysis by chromatography; electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:1196-225. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2010.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2010] [Revised: 11/01/2010] [Accepted: 11/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Abstract
Glycan microarrays are emerging as increasingly used screening tools with a high potential for unraveling protein-carbohydrate interactions: probing hundreds or even thousands of glycans in parallel, they provide the researcher with a vast amount of data in a short time-frame, while using relatively small amounts of analytes. Natural glycan microarrays focus on the glycans' repertoire of natural sources, including both well-defined structures as well as still-unknown ones. This article compares different natural glycan microarray strategies. Glycan probes may comprise oligosaccharides from glycoproteins as well as glycolipids and polysaccharides. Oligosaccharides may be purified from scarce biological samples that are of particular relevance for the carbohydrate-binding protein to be studied. We give an overview of strategies for glycan isolation, derivatization, fractionation, immobilization and structural characterization. Detection methods such as fluorescence analysis and surface plasmon resonance are summarized. The importance of glycan density and multivalency is discussed. Furthermore, some applications of natural glycan microarrays for studying lectin and antibody binding are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Lonardi
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Unit, Department of Parasitology, PO Box 9600, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
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11
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Utkina N, Yoon SJ, Hakomori SI. Glycosyl conjugates of biotinylated diaminopyridine applied for study of carbohydrate-to-carbohydrate interaction. Glycoconj J 2010; 27:601-11. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-010-9304-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2010] [Revised: 07/16/2010] [Accepted: 07/20/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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12
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Kapková P. Mass spectrometric analysis of carbohydrates labeled with a biotinylated tag. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2009; 23:2775-2784. [PMID: 19639610 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A derivatization method for mass spectrometric analysis of oligosaccharides is presented. Small saccharides, complex, high-mannose-type oligosaccharides and oligosaccharides released from hen ovalbumin were converted into their biotin derivatives by incubating them with biotinamidocaproyl hydrazide (BACH). Improved sensitivity of mass spectrometric analysis of labeled glycans in comparison with their natural counterparts was achieved after derivatization. The labeling reagent contains a biotin handle at one end and a hydrazide group at the other. Hence, the key feature of biotinylated sugars is that in addition to their usefulness in functional studies (e.g. analysis of the interaction between lectins and biotin-derivatized oligosaccharides) they might be utilized also for structural analysis of oligosaccharides. Mass spectrometric studies were performed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Kapková
- Department of Parmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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13
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Tefsen B, van Stijn CMW, van den Broek M, Kalay H, Knol JC, Jimenez CR, van Die I. Chemoenzymatic synthesis of multivalent neoglycoconjugates carrying the helminth glycan antigen LDNF. Carbohydr Res 2009; 344:1501-7. [PMID: 19541294 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2009.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2009] [Revised: 05/11/2009] [Accepted: 05/21/2009] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Several parasitic helminthes, such as the human parasite Schistosoma mansoni, express glycoconjugates that contain terminal GalNAc beta1-4(Fuc alpha1-3)GlcNAc beta-R (LDNF) moieties. These LDNF glycans are dominant antigens of the parasite and are recognized by human dendritic cells via the C-type lectin DC-SIGN. To study the functional role of the LDNF antigen in interaction with the immune system, we have developed an easy chemoenzymatic method to synthesize multivalent neoglycoconjugates carrying defined amounts of LDNF antigens. An acceptor substrate providing a terminal N-acetylglucosamine was prepared by coupling a fluorescent hydrophobic aglycon, 2,6-diaminopyridine (DAP), to N,N'-diacetylchitobiose. By the subsequent action of recombinant Caenorhabditis elegans beta1,4-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase and human alpha1,3-fucosyltransferase VI (FucT-VI), this substrate was converted to the LDNF antigen. We showed that human FucT-VI has a relatively high affinity for the unusual substrate GalNAc beta1-4GlcNAc (LDN), and this enzyme was used to produce micromolar amounts of LDNF-DAP. The synthesized LDNF-DAP was coupled to carrier protein via activation of the DAP moiety by diethyl squarate. By varying the molar glycan:protein ratio, neoglycoconjugates were constructed with defined amounts of LDNF, as was determined by MALDI-TOF analysis and ELISA using an anti-LDNF antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Tefsen
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, VU University Medical Center, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Muñoz FJ, Pérez J, Rumbero Á, Santos JI, Cañada FJ, André S, Gabius HJ, Jiménez-Barbero J, Sinisterra JV, Hernáiz MJ. Glycan Tagging to Produce Bioactive Ligands for a Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) Study via Immobilization on Different Surfaces. Bioconjug Chem 2009; 20:673-82. [DOI: 10.1021/bc800350q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Javier Muñoz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Pz/ Ramón y Cajal s/n. 28040 Madrid, Spain, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Departamento de Ciencia de Proteínas, CIB-CSIC, c/Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain, Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Tierärztliche Fakultät, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Veterinärstr 13, 80539 München, Germany, Servicio de Biotransformaciones
| | - José Pérez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Pz/ Ramón y Cajal s/n. 28040 Madrid, Spain, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Departamento de Ciencia de Proteínas, CIB-CSIC, c/Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain, Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Tierärztliche Fakultät, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Veterinärstr 13, 80539 München, Germany, Servicio de Biotransformaciones
| | - Ángel Rumbero
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Pz/ Ramón y Cajal s/n. 28040 Madrid, Spain, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Departamento de Ciencia de Proteínas, CIB-CSIC, c/Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain, Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Tierärztliche Fakultät, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Veterinärstr 13, 80539 München, Germany, Servicio de Biotransformaciones
| | - J. Ignacio Santos
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Pz/ Ramón y Cajal s/n. 28040 Madrid, Spain, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Departamento de Ciencia de Proteínas, CIB-CSIC, c/Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain, Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Tierärztliche Fakultät, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Veterinärstr 13, 80539 München, Germany, Servicio de Biotransformaciones
| | - F. Javier Cañada
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Pz/ Ramón y Cajal s/n. 28040 Madrid, Spain, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Departamento de Ciencia de Proteínas, CIB-CSIC, c/Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain, Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Tierärztliche Fakultät, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Veterinärstr 13, 80539 München, Germany, Servicio de Biotransformaciones
| | - Sabine André
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Pz/ Ramón y Cajal s/n. 28040 Madrid, Spain, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Departamento de Ciencia de Proteínas, CIB-CSIC, c/Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain, Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Tierärztliche Fakultät, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Veterinärstr 13, 80539 München, Germany, Servicio de Biotransformaciones
| | - Hans-Joachim Gabius
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Pz/ Ramón y Cajal s/n. 28040 Madrid, Spain, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Departamento de Ciencia de Proteínas, CIB-CSIC, c/Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain, Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Tierärztliche Fakultät, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Veterinärstr 13, 80539 München, Germany, Servicio de Biotransformaciones
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Pz/ Ramón y Cajal s/n. 28040 Madrid, Spain, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Departamento de Ciencia de Proteínas, CIB-CSIC, c/Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain, Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Tierärztliche Fakultät, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Veterinärstr 13, 80539 München, Germany, Servicio de Biotransformaciones
| | - José V. Sinisterra
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Pz/ Ramón y Cajal s/n. 28040 Madrid, Spain, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Departamento de Ciencia de Proteínas, CIB-CSIC, c/Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain, Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Tierärztliche Fakultät, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Veterinärstr 13, 80539 München, Germany, Servicio de Biotransformaciones
| | - María J. Hernáiz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Pz/ Ramón y Cajal s/n. 28040 Madrid, Spain, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain, Departamento de Ciencia de Proteínas, CIB-CSIC, c/Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain, Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Tierärztliche Fakultät, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Veterinärstr 13, 80539 München, Germany, Servicio de Biotransformaciones
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Laurent N, Voglmeir J, Flitsch SL. Glycoarrays--tools for determining protein-carbohydrate interactions and glycoenzyme specificity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:4400-12. [PMID: 18802573 DOI: 10.1039/b806983m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Carbohydrate arrays (glycoarrays) have recently emerged as a high-throughput tool for studying carbohydrate-binding proteins and carbohydrate-processing enzymes. A number of sophisticated array platforms that allow for qualitative and quantitative analysis of carbohydrate binding and modification on the array surface have been developed, including analysis by fluorescence spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy. These platforms, together with examples of biologically-relevant applications are reviewed in this Feature Article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Laurent
- Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre and School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, UK M1 7DN
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17
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18
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Versatile strategy for the synthesis of biotin-labelled glycans, their immobilization to establish a bioactive surface and interaction studies with a lectin on a biochip. Glycoconj J 2008; 25:633-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-008-9115-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2007] [Revised: 01/25/2008] [Accepted: 01/28/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Furukawa JI, Shinohara Y, Kuramoto H, Miura Y, Shimaoka H, Kurogochi M, Nakano M, Nishimura SI. Comprehensive approach to structural and functional glycomics based on chemoselective glycoblotting and sequential tag conversion. Anal Chem 2008; 80:1094-101. [PMID: 18205388 DOI: 10.1021/ac702124d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Changes in protein glycosylation profoundly affect protein function. To understand these effects of altered protein glycosylation, we urgently need high-throughput technologies to analyze glycan expression and glycan-protein interactions. Methods are not available for amplification of glycans; therefore, highly efficient sample preparation is a major issue. Here we present a novel strategy that allows flexible and sequential incorporation of various functional tags into oligosaccharides derived from biological samples in a practical manner. When combined with a chemoselective glycoblotting platform, our analysis enables us to complete sample preparation (from serum to released, purified, methyl-esterified, and labeled glycans) in 8 h from multiple serum samples (up to 96 samples) using a 96-well microplate format and a standard de-N-glycosylation protocol that requires reductive alkylation and tryptic digestion prior to PNGase F digestion to ensure maximal de-N-glycosylation efficiency. Using this technique, we quantitatively detected more than 120 glycans on human carcinoembryonic antigens for the first time. This approach was further developed to include a streamlined method of purification, chromatographic fractionation, and immobilization onto a solid support for interaction analysis. Since our approach enables rapid, flexible, and highly efficient tag conversion, it will contribute greatly to a variety of glycomic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-ichi Furukawa
- Laboratory of Advanced Chemical Biology, Graduate School of Advanced Life Science, and Frontier Research Center for Post-Genome Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Seo YJ, Bhuniya S, Kim BH. Reversible sol-gel signaling system with epMB for the study of enzyme- and pH-triggered oligonucleotide release from a biotin hydrogel. Chem Commun (Camb) 2007:1804-6. [PMID: 17476393 DOI: 10.1039/b618528b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The biotin-based low molecular weight hydrogel (G1) is able to entrap the epMB and as a consequence, the color of the epMB changes from green to blue; the color change depends on the state of the gelator, i.e. upon proceeding from sol to gel and vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Jun Seo
- Department of Chemistry, BK School of Molecular Science, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Korea
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21
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Mibu N, Yokomizo K, Kashige N, Miake F, Miyata T, Uyeda M, Sumoto K. N-long-chain monoacylated derivatives of 2,6-diaminopyridine with antiviral activity. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2007; 55:111-4. [PMID: 17202712 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.55.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
N-Monoacyl-2,6-diaminopyridines (2a-c) and N,N'-diacyl-2,6-diaminopyridines (3a-c) were synthesized from 2,6-diaminopyridine by acylation with the corresponding acyl halide or by dehydration with the corresponding carboxylic acid using 1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC). The antiviral activities of N-monoacyl- and N,N'-diacyl-2,6-diaminopyridines (2a-c and 3a-c) were estimated using plaque reduction assay with HSV-1. All N-monoacyl derivatives (2a-c) showed significant anti-herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 activity (EC(50) = 15.3-18.5 microg/ml). The CC(50) values of 2a-c measured using Vero cells ranged at 37.5-50.0 microg/ml. These compounds showed no significant antibacterial activities with Escherichia coli or Staphylococcus aureus even at a concentration of 1 mg/ml. The N,N'-diacyl derivatives (3a-c) showed no significant anti-HSV-1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuko Mibu
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka 814-0180, Japan
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22
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Miller JG, Farkas V, Sharples SC, Fry SC. O-Oligosaccharidyl-1-amino-1-deoxyalditols as intermediates for fluorescent labelling of oligosaccharides. Carbohydr Res 2007; 342:44-54. [PMID: 17125755 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2006.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2006] [Accepted: 10/26/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Reducing monosaccharides were efficiently converted to stable 1-amino-1-deoxyalditols (=glycamines; distinguished from glycosylamines by mass-spectrometry) during incubation at 20 degrees C in saturated aqueous NH(4)HCO(3) containing NaCNBH(3). Potentially useful by-products included a novel, fully-reduced dimer (the corresponding secondary glycamine) and several relatively long-lived, unreduced products. With increasing incubation time, monomers exceeded dimers. Reducing disaccharides and oligosaccharides underwent similar reactions at their reducing termini; the yield of dimers decreased with increasing oligosaccharide M(r). The O-oligosaccharidyl-1-amino-1-deoxyalditols (OADs) obtained by reductive amination of oligosaccharides reacted readily with lissamine rhodamine sulfonyl chloride to yield OAD-sulforhodamine conjugates linked by a stable sulfonamide bond. Conditions for this reaction were optimised (borate buffer, pH9.0-9.5). The highly fluorescent OAD-sulforhodamine products were purified on a C(18) cartridge. They were electrophoretically immobile at pH2.0 and 6.5, and migrated towards the anode in borate buffer, pH9.4. The OAD-sulforhodamines were amenable to TLC and were excellent substrates for enzymic transglycosylation and for glycosylhydrolase action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice G Miller
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Daniel Rutherford Building, The King's Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3JH, UK
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23
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A simple and efficient method to label l-fucose. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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24
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Grün CH, van Vliet SJ, Schiphorst WECM, Bank CMC, Meyer S, van Die I, van Kooyk Y. One-step biotinylation procedure for carbohydrates to study carbohydrate–protein interactions. Anal Biochem 2006; 354:54-63. [PMID: 16713984 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2006.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2006] [Revised: 03/29/2006] [Accepted: 03/31/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Protein-carbohydrate interactions play crucial roles in numerous biological processes. To study these interactions, we developed a simple and fast procedure for the biotinylation of carbohydrates based on reductive amination. The method allows complete and stable biotinylation of small quantities of oligosaccharides and includes a rapid and simple procedure to remove excess labeling reagent. After biotinylation, the structural and biological integrity of the glycans was intact as determined by HPLC, mass spectrometry, and a plant lectin assay. By using the human C-type lectin DC-SIGN (dendritic cell-specific ICAM-3-grabbing nonintegrin), we demonstrate that the biotinylated glycans can be used in a glycan array to determine binding specificities of lectins. Moreover, we show that fluorescent beads coated with selected biotinylated glycans bind to DC-SIGN-expressing dendritic cells in vitro. Finally, by using biotinylated high-mannose N-glycans, we could visualize DC-SIGN-expressing cells in lymph node tissue. The availability of easy biotinylation methods for oligosaccharides such as those described here greatly facilitates the functional analysis of lectins. In addition, the biotinylated glycans will be great tools for investigating functional lectin receptors in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian H Grün
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Medical Center, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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25
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Hsu J, Chang SJ, Franz AH. MALDI-TOF and ESI-MS analysis of oligosaccharides labeled with a new multifunctional oligosaccharide tag. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2006; 17:194-204. [PMID: 16406228 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2005.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2005] [Revised: 10/18/2005] [Accepted: 10/20/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
A new multifunctional oligosaccharide label with a 1 degree amino-group was synthesized and characterized. The oligosaccharide label was introduced into several neutral oligosaccharides by reductive amination, and the derivatives were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) time-of-flight (TOF) and by electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry. It was demonstrated that the labeling reaction was satisfactory, and that as little as 50 pmol of starting material could be efficiently labeled with minimal loss to side reactions. A mixture of high-mannose N-glycans released from ribonuclease B was labeled. The label did not appear to interfere with structural characterization of the oligosaccharides by mass spectrometry. N-quaternization of the labeled oligosaccharides resulted in significantly increased sensitivity of detection with as little as 100 fmol on the probe detected. Deuterium coding of labeled oligosaccharide mixtures and relative abundance of mixture components was investigated. A protocol for the chromatographic separation of mixtures of labeled oligosaccharides by HPLC was developed and is reported here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Pacific, Stockton, California 95211, USA
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26
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Abstract
We have prepared a small library of amphiphiles, each comprising a polar carbohydrate head group attached through an N-terminal amino acid to a nonpolar pyrene tail group. One of these derivatives is sensitive to the presence of insulin in aqueous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankarprasad Bhuniya
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea
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27
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Xia B, Kawar ZS, Ju T, Alvarez RA, Sachdev GP, Cummings RD. Versatile fluorescent derivatization of glycans for glycomic analysis. Nat Methods 2005; 2:845-50. [PMID: 16278655 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2005] [Accepted: 09/23/2005] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The new field of functional glycomics encompasses information about both glycan structure and recognition by carbohydrate-binding proteins (CBPs) and is now being explored through glycan array technology. Glycan array construction, however, is limited by the complexity of efficiently generating derivatives of free, reducing glycans with primary amines for conjugation. Here we describe a straightforward method to derivatize glycans with 2,6-diaminopyridine (DAP) to generate fluorescently labeled glycans (glycan-DAP conjugates or GDAPs) that contain a primary amine for further conjugation. We converted a wide variety of glycans, including milk sugars, N-glycans, glycosaminoglycans and chitin-derived glycans, to GDAPs, as verified by HPLC and mass spectrometry. We covalently conjugated GDAPs to N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS)-activated glass slides, maleimide-activated protein, carboxylated microspheres and NHS-biotin to provide quantifiable fluorescent derivatives. All types of conjugated glycans were well-recognized by appropriate CBPs. Thus, GDAP derivatives provide versatile new tools for biologists to quantify and covalently capture minute quantities of glycans for exploring their structures and functions and generating new glycan arrays from naturally occurring glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyun Xia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 975 N.E. 10th St., BRC417, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
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28
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John G, Mason M, Ajayan PM, Dordick JS. Lipid-Based Nanotubes as Functional Architectures with Embedded Fluorescence and Recognition Capabilities. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:15012-3. [PMID: 15547982 DOI: 10.1021/ja0446449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A limited combinatorial strategy was used to synthesize a small library of soft lipid-based materials ranging from structurally unordered fibers to highly uniform nanotubes. The latter nanotubes are comprised of a bilayer structure with interdigitated alkyl chains associated through hydrophobic interactions. These tubes contain accessible 2,6-diaminopyridine linkers that can interact with thymidine and related nucleosides through multipoint hydrogen bonding, thereby quenching the intrinsic fluorescence of the aromatic linker. These results are the first example of a systematic strategy to design functional lipid nanotubes with precise structural and functional features.
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Affiliation(s)
- George John
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and the Rensselaer Nanotechnology Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 Eighth Street, Troy, New York 12180-3590, USA
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29
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Sun XL, Cui W, Haller C, Chaikof EL. Site-Specific Multivalent Carbohydrate Labeling of Quantum Dots and Magnetic Beads. Chembiochem 2004; 5:1593-6. [PMID: 15515080 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200400137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Long Sun
- Departments of Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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30
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Gao X, Yang J, Huang F, Wu X, Li L, Sun C. Progresses of Derivatization Techniques for Analyses of Carbohydrates. ANAL LETT 2003. [DOI: 10.1081/al-120021087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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31
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32
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Lee J, Park SH, Stanley P. Antibodies that recognize bisected complex N-glycans on cell surface glycoproteins can be made in mice lacking N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase III. Glycoconj J 2002; 19:211-9. [PMID: 12815232 DOI: 10.1023/a:1024205925263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The bisecting GlcNAc is transferred to complex or hybrid N-glycans by the action of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase III (GlcNAc-TIII) encoded by the Mgat3 gene. CHO cells expressing mouse GlcNAc-TIII were shown by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry to produce mainly complex N-glycans with the predicted extra (bisecting) GlcNAc. In order to probe biological functions of the bisecting GlcNAc, antibodies that recognize this residue in the context of complex cell surface glycoconjugates were sought. The LEC10 gain-of-function Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell mutant that expresses GlcNAc-TIII and complex N-glycans with the bisecting GlcNAc was used to immunize Mgat3(+/+) and Mgat3(-/-) mice. ELISA of whole sera showed that polyclonal antibodies that bound specifically to LEC10 cells were obtained solely from Mgat3(-/-) mice. Fluorescence-activated cell cytometry of different CHO glycosylation mutants and western blotting after glycosidase treatments were used to show that anti-LEC10 cell antisera from Mgat3(-/-) mice recognize cellular glycoproteins with complex N-glycans containing both a bisecting GlcNAc and Gal residues. The polyclonal antibody specificity was similar to that of the lectin E-PHA. IgM-depleted serum containing IgG and IgA antibodies retained full binding activity. Therefore Mgat3(-/-) mice but not wild type mice can be used effectively to produce polyclonal antibodies that specifically recognize glycoproteins bearing complex N-glycans with a bisecting GlcNAc.
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Affiliation(s)
- JaeHoon Lee
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
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33
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehia Mechref
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
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34
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Franz AH, Molinski TF, Lebrilla CB. MALDI-FTMS characterization of oligosaccharides labeled with 9-aminofluorene. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2001; 12:1254-1261. [PMID: 11766752 DOI: 10.1016/s1044-0305(01)00313-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
9-Aminofluorene (9AmFL) was investigated as an oligosaccharide label. The label was amenable to high UV detectability but did not interfere with mass spectrometric analysis. The 9AmFL label has high molar absorptivity (epsilon = 1.4 x 10(4) L cm(-1) mol(-1) at lambda = 267 nm), is chemically stable, and adds easily in reductive amination to the aldehyde terminus of oligosaccharides. Various linear and branched oligosaccharides were labeled with 9AmFL and the products were purified by chromatography on porous graphitized carbon (PGC). The derivatization reaction gave excellent yields (>95%). Up to 100-fold increase in UV sensitivity at lambda = 206 nm, compared to the corresponding alditol, was observed. Mass spectra were recorded for the labeled compounds. In the presence of sodium dopant, series of Y- and B-fragments were observed. Protonation of the labeled compounds prior to mass spectrometric analysis resulted in simplified spectra (Y-fragments only) and allowed for complete sequence analysis. The retention of the positive charge at the label in the protonated species was consistent with the basicity of the amine. The smallest amount of labeled sugar to be detected by photo-diode array (PDA) was 5 pmol (lambda = 267 nm).
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Franz
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis 95616, USA
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35
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Wang L, Melean LG, Seeberger PH, Walker GC. Biotin labeling of the symbiotically important succinoglycan oligosaccharides of Rhizobium meliloti for identification of putative plant receptors. Carbohydr Res 2001; 333:73-8. [PMID: 11423112 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(01)00125-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The symbiotically important trimer of the succinoglycan octasaccharide subunit was labeled with a biotin tag through coupling with a 6-biotinamidohexan hydrazide and subsequent reduction with borane. The acetyl and succinyl groups in the molecule were stable to the two-step sequence, while a small percentage of the ketal in the pyruvate groups was reduced to an ether-linked lactic acid moiety attached to either the O-4 or O-6 position of the sugar residue under the reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Wang
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Building 68-633, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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36
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Ojala CR, Ostman JM, Hanson SE, Ojala WH. Molecular and crystal structures of N-aryl-beta-D-glycopyranosylamines from mannose and galactose. Carbohydr Res 2001; 332:415-27. [PMID: 11438098 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(01)00117-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The molecular and crystal structures of 12 N-aryl-beta-D-glycopyranosylamines have been determined by X-ray crystallography. Six of these are mannose derivatives, the N-p-bromophenyl (1), N-p-tolyl (2), N-m-chlorophenyl (3), N-p-methoxyphenyl (4), N-o-chlorophenyl (5), and N-o-tolyl (6) derivatives that are formed by reaction with the corresponding substituted anilines. The remaining six are galactose derivatives, the N-phenyl (7), N-p-chlorophenyl (8), N-p-bromophenyl (9), N-p-iodophenyl (10), N-p-nitrophenyl (11) and N-p-tolyl (12), derivatives prepared similarly. Compounds 1-3 assume the same packing arrangement. Compounds 4, 5, and 6 assume unique packing arrangements, although that assumed by 4 is closely related to that assumed by 1-3. Compounds 7-11 assume the same packing arrangement; that assumed by 12 is closely related to that assumed by 7-11. That the same packing arrangements can be maintained in spite of substantial changes in the electronic and steric nature of the substituent on the aryl ring reflects the strength of the hydrogen bond network connecting the monosaccharide portions of the molecules in the solid state. A hydrogen bonding motif found in all six mannose structures is a mutual interaction between translationally related molecules involving O-3-H...O-5 and O-6-H...O-4 hydrogen bonds. The recurrence of this motif throughout this group of mannosylamines suggests that it is an especially favorable interaction that might be expected to occur also in related macromolecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Ojala
- Department of Chemistry, Normandale Community College, Bloomington, MN 55431, USA.
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37
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Srikrishna G, Toomre DK, Manzi A, Panneerselvam K, Freeze HH, Varki A, Varki NM. A novel anionic modification of N-glycans on mammalian endothelial cells is recognized by activated neutrophils and modulates acute inflammatory responses. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2001; 166:624-32. [PMID: 11123346 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.166.1.624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported an unusual carboxylated modification on N:-glycans isolated from whole bovine lung. We have now raised IgG mAbs against the modification by immunization with biotinylated aminopyridine-derivatized glycans enriched for the anionic species and screening for Abs whose reactivities were abrogated by carboxylate neutralization of bovine lung glycopeptides. One such Ab (mAb GB3.1) was inhibited by carboxylated bovine lung glycopeptides and other multicarboxylated molecules, but not by glycopeptides in which the carboxylate groups were modified. The Ab recognized an epitope constitutively expressed on bovine, human, and other mammalian endothelial cells. Stimulated, but not resting, neutrophils bound to immobilized bovine lung glycopeptides in a carboxylate-dependent manner. The binding of activated neutrophils to immobilized bovine lung glycopeptides was inhibited both by mAb GB3.1 and by soluble glycopeptides in a carboxylate-dependent manner. The Ab also inhibited extravasation of neutrophils and monocytes in a murine model of peritoneal inflammation. This inhibition of cell trafficking correlated with the increased sequestration but reduced transmigration of leukocytes that were found to be adherent to the endothelium of the mesenteric microvasculature. Taken together, these results indicate that these novel carboxylated N:-glycans are constitutively expressed on vascular endothelium and participate in acute inflammatory responses by interaction with activated neutrophils.
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MESH Headings
- Acute Disease
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/metabolism
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/physiology
- Amidohydrolases/immunology
- Amidohydrolases/metabolism
- Aminopyridines/chemical synthesis
- Aminopyridines/immunology
- Animals
- Anions
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/metabolism
- Antibody Specificity
- Antigen-Antibody Reactions
- Binding Sites, Antibody
- Biotin/analogs & derivatives
- Biotin/chemical synthesis
- Biotin/immunology
- Biotin/physiology
- Carboxylic Acids/metabolism
- Cattle
- Cell Movement/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Endothelium, Vascular/enzymology
- Endothelium, Vascular/immunology
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/pathology
- Epitopes/immunology
- Epitopes/metabolism
- Female
- Humans
- Injections, Intravenous
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Monocytes/pathology
- Neutrophil Activation/immunology
- Neutrophils/immunology
- Neutrophils/metabolism
- Neutrophils/pathology
- Oligosaccharides/immunology
- Oligosaccharides/metabolism
- Oligosaccharides/physiology
- Organ Specificity/immunology
- Peptide-N4-(N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminyl) Asparagine Amidase
- Peritonitis/immunology
- Peritonitis/metabolism
- Peritonitis/pathology
- Peritonitis/prevention & control
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Affiliation(s)
- G Srikrishna
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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38
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Angus DI, Kiefel MJ, von Itzstein M. The synthesis of biotinylated carbohydrates as probes for carbohydrate-recognizing proteins. Bioorg Med Chem 2000; 8:2709-18. [PMID: 11131162 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(00)00201-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The intimate involvement of carbohydrate-protein interactions in a number of important biological processes has prompted several research efforts towards developing new methods of investigating these glycobiological interactions. Biotinylated oligosaccharides are emerging as a new and powerful tool in this area of research, primarily due to their high affinity towards streptavidin and their ease of immobilization on matrices. Here we describe a novel synthetic approach towards biotinylated saccharides which incorporate a UV absorbing group into the final compounds. The synthetic strategy described is applicable to a variety of saccharides, with examples of biotinylated mono-, di-, and trisaccharides being prepared with overall high efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- D I Angus
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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39
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Affiliation(s)
- K G Rice
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109-1065, USA
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40
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41
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Kojima S, André S, Korchagina EY, Bovin NV, Gabius HJ. Tyramine-containing poly(4-nitrophenylacrylate) as iodinatable ligand carrier in biodistribution analysis. Pharm Res 1997; 14:879-86. [PMID: 9244144 DOI: 10.1023/a:1012195615944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Targeted label or drug delivery requires access to convenient carrier systems and methods for efficient ligand conjugation. The main purpose of this study is to design an iodinatable synthetic polymer, whose application in vivo in tumor-bearing mice is tested with several related carbohydrate ligands, namely ABH and Lewis blood group epitopes. METHODS Tyramine and aminopropyl derivatives of the synthetic oligosaccharides were attached to poly(4-nitrophenylacrylate). Following iodination, the biodistribution of the sugar-free and the substituted polymers was determined in tumor-bearing mice. Flow cytofluorimetric analysis assessed tumor cell binding of further ligand types to human tumor cells in vitro. RESULTS Quantitative ligand incorporation was achieved under mild conditions. Whereas the ligand-free poly[N-(2-hydroxyethyl)acrylamide] (MW 30 kDa) showed preferential accumulation in kidney, neoglycopolymers were found in substantial amounts in liver, kidney or spleen. The nature of the carbohydrate structure quantitatively influenced the distribution pattern. Tumor cell binding of blood group determinants and three further ligand types revealed non-uniform intensity in labeling and percentage of positive cells even in comparison between lines with identical histogenetic origin. CONCLUSIONS Carbohydrate-exposing poly[N-(2-hydroxyethyl)acrylamide] polymers with tyramine as an iodine acceptor distribute in mice with a profile which is quantitatively influenced by small structural variations of the ligand part. Further refinement of the ligand structure may increase the level of selectivity for organ and tumor accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kojima
- Department of Biomedical Science-1, Research Institute for Biosciences, Science University of Tokyo, Noda-Shi, Chiba, Japan
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42
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Ozawa H, Yamashita K, Sakuraba H, Itoh K, Kase R, Tai T. Generation and characterization of mouse monoclonal antibodies specific for N-linked neutral oligosaccharides of glycoproteins. Arch Biochem Biophys 1997; 342:48-57. [PMID: 9185613 DOI: 10.1006/abbi.1997.9993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We generated four monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for asparagine-linked neutral oligosaccharides of glycoproteins by immunizing mice with neoglycolipids, which were derived from glycoproteins by conjugation to phosphatidylethanolamine dipalmitoyl. The binding specificity of these MAbs was determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunostaining on thin-layer chromatography. The four MAbs designated OMB3, OMB4, OMR5, and OMR6 reacted strongly with the neoglycolipids, Gal beta1-4GlcNAc beta1-2Man alpha1-6(Gal beta1-4GlcNAc beta1-2Man alpha1-3)Man beta1-4GlcNAc-PD, GlcNAc beta1-2Man alpha1-6(GlcNAc beta1-2Man alpha1-3)(GlcNAc beta1-4)Man beta1-4GlcNAc beta1-4GlcNAc-PD, Man alpha1-6Man beta1-4GlcNAc beta1-4(Fuc alpha1-6)GlcNAc-PD, and Man alpha1-3Man beta1-4GlcNAc-PD, respectively, that were used as immunogens. All of these MAbs exhibited a high binding specificity. The epitopes of the MAbs OMB3 and OMB4 were suggested to be nonreducing terminal trisaccharides, Gal beta1-4GlcNAc beta1-2Man-, and nonreducing beta-GlcNAc residues, respectively. MAbs OMR5 and OMR6 showed a highly restricted binding specificity, reacting only with the immunizing neoglycolipids. Subsequently, MAbs OMB3 and OMB4 were shown to react strongly with asialo-alpha1-acid-glycoprotein and asialo-agalacto-alpha1-acid-glycoprotein, respectively, by Western blotting. Furthermore, it was shown that these MAbs reacted specifically with the epitope on Chinese hamster ovary cells by an immunofluorescence technique. MAb OMB4 was also shown to detect the accumulated oligosaccharides with nonreducing terminal beta-GlcNAc residues as granular inclusions in the cultured fibroblasts from a classical Sandhoff disease patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ozawa
- Department of Tumor Immunology, The Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Bunkyo-ku, Japan
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43
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Neoglycoproteins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-7306(08)60630-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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44
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Dorsey JG, Cooper WT, Siles BA, Foley JP, Barth HG. Liquid Chromatography: Theory and Methodology. Anal Chem 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/a19600202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John G. Dorsey
- Department of Chemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-3006
| | - William T. Cooper
- Department of Chemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-3006
| | - Barbara A. Siles
- Department of Chemistry, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187-8795
| | - Joe P. Foley
- Department of Chemistry, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania 19085-1699
| | - Howard G. Barth
- Central Research and Development Department, E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company, P. O. Box 80228, Experimental Station, Wilmington, Delaware 19880
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Abstract
Within the past two years new developments in neoglycoconjugate formation have increased the accessibility and usefulness of these probes for the analyses of glycan structure and function. This article reviews several simple chemical and enzymatic methods for tagging oligosaccharides with chromophores, biotin, peptides, proteins and lipids, and describes some representative applications of these neoglycoconjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Wong
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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46
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Venisse A, Fournié JJ, Puzo G. Mannosylated lipoarabinomannan interacts with phagocytes. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1995; 231:440-7. [PMID: 7635156 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1995.tb20717.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis first involves its adhesion to mononuclear host phagocytes. Various macrophage opsonic and non-opsonic receptors are known to mediate this adhesion, with some specificity of mannosyl receptors for the more virulent strains. Mannosylated lipoarabinomannan, a major component of cell walls from M. tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis BCG, is endowed with mannooligosaccharide units that could mediate its binding to these latter receptors. To explore its interaction with murine immune cells by flow cytometry, we report a new procedure to fluorescently tag the polysaccharide molecules. We covalently labeled mannosylated lipoarabinomannan from M. bovis BCG with biotin, allowing formation of stable complexes with streptavidin coupled to a fluorochrome. In this work, we demonstrated that this major carbohydrate antigen interacts selectively with murine phagocytes, i.e. granulocytes and macrophages. This binding was affected by temperature and was serum- and divalent-cation-dependent. It also appears to involve a metabolically recycling protein receptor on the phagocyte surface and mannosyl aggretopes on the mannosylated lipoarabinomannan molecule. Thus, the latter may provide a means for mycobacteria to bind to and invade their host phagocytes. This molecule could constitute one of the early factors of mycobacterial virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Venisse
- Département des Glycoconjugués et Biomembranes, Laboratoire de Pharmacologie et Toxicologie Fondamentales du CNRS, Toulouse, France
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47
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Abstract
Glycotargeting relies on carrier molecules possessing carbohydrates that are recognized and internalized by cell surface mammalian lectins. Numerous types of glycotargeting vehicles have been designed based on the covalent attachment of saccharides to proteins, polymers and other aglycones. These carriers have found their major applications in antiviral therapy, immunoactivation, enzyme replacement therapy and gene therapy. This review compared different types of glycotargeting agents and the lectins which have been successfully targeted to treat both model and human diseases. It may be concluded that the discovery of new mammalian lectins which endocytose their ligands will lead to the rapid development of new glycotargeting agents founded on the principles of carbohydrate-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Wadhwa
- College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, Columbus 43210, USA
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48
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Dennis RP. A review of the biological significance of carbohydrates on glycoproteins and methods for their analysis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 1995; 376:1-11. [PMID: 8597235 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-1885-3_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R P Dennis
- Oxford GlycoSystems, Abingdon, United Kingdom
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49
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Gupta D, Surolia A. Synthesis of neoglycopeptides and analyses of their biodistribution in vivo to identify tissue specific uptake and novel putative membrane lectins. Glycoconj J 1994; 11:558-71. [PMID: 7696859 DOI: 10.1007/bf00731307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Complex type N-linked oligosaccharides derived from fetuin, fibrinogen and thyroglobulin were coupled to acetyltyrosine affording a series of neoglycopeptides with retention of terminal structures and the beta-anomeric configuration of their reducing end N-acetylglycosamine residue. The neoglycopeptides thus synthesized could be labelled to high specific activities with 125I in the aromatic side chain of tyrosine. Analysis of the fate of these neoglycopeptides in conjunction with inhibition with asialofetuin and oligosaccharides of defined structure in mice in vivo revealed the uptake of galactosylated biantennary compound by kidneys, in addition to the known itinerary of triantennary galactosylated complex oligosaccharide from fetuin to liver and the galactosylated biantennary chain with fucosylation in the core to bone marrows. On the other hand, the agalacto, aglucosamino biantennary chains with and without fucosylation in the core region are taken up by submaxillary glands while the conserved trimannosyl core with fucose is primarily concentrated in stomach tissue. These studies thus define new routes for the uptake of complex N-linked glycans and also subserve to identify lectins presumably involved in their recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gupta
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore
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