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Burda R, Burda J, Morochovič R. Ischemic Tolerance—A Way to Reduce the Extent of Ischemia–Reperfusion Damage. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060884. [PMID: 36980225 PMCID: PMC10047660 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Individual tissues have significantly different resistance to ischemia–reperfusion damage. There is still no adequate treatment for the consequences of ischemia–reperfusion damage. By utilizing ischemic tolerance, it is possible to achieve a significant reduction in the extent of the cell damage due to ischemia–reperfusion injury. Since ischemia–reperfusion damage usually occurs unexpectedly, the use of preconditioning is extremely limited. In contrast, postconditioning has wider possibilities for use in practice. In both cases, the activation of ischemic tolerance can also be achieved by the application of sublethal stress on a remote organ. Despite very encouraging and successful results in animal experiments, the clinical results have been disappointing so far. To avoid the factors that prevent the activation of ischemic tolerance, the solution has been to use blood plasma containing tolerance effectors. This plasma is taken from healthy donors in which, after exposure to two sublethal stresses within 48 h, effectors of ischemic tolerance occur in the plasma. Application of this activated plasma to recipient animals after the end of lethal ischemia prevents cell death and significantly reduces the consequences of ischemia–reperfusion damage. Until there is a clear chemical identification of the end products of ischemic tolerance, the simplest way of enhancing ischemic tolerance will be the preparation of activated plasma from young healthy donors with the possibility of its immediate use in recipients during the initial treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rastislav Burda
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Rastislavova 43, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Louis Pasteur University Hospital, Rastislavova 43, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
- Correspondence:
| | - Jozef Burda
- Institute of Neurobiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Radoslav Morochovič
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Rastislavova 43, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Louis Pasteur University Hospital, Rastislavova 43, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
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2
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Costanzo R, Marrone S, Porzio M, Calì A, Vasta G, Ponzo G, Giuffrida M, Furnari M, Iacopino DG, Nicoletti GF, Galvano G, Graziano F. Letter to the Editor Regarding "When Are Complications After Brain Tumor Surgery Detected?". World Neurosurg 2023; 171:190-193. [PMID: 36869557 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2022.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Costanzo
- Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Postgraduate Residency Program in Neurological Surgery, Neurosurgical Clinic, AOUP "Paolo Giaccone", Palermo, Italy
| | - Salvatore Marrone
- Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Postgraduate Residency Program in Neurological Surgery, Neurosurgical Clinic, AOUP "Paolo Giaccone", Palermo, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Porzio
- Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Postgraduate Residency Program in Neurological Surgery, Neurosurgical Clinic, AOUP "Paolo Giaccone", Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Calì
- Department of Neurosurgery, Highly Specialized Hospital and of National Importance "Garibaldi", Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Vasta
- Department of Neurosurgery, Highly Specialized Hospital and of National Importance "Garibaldi", Catania, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Ponzo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Highly Specialized Hospital and of National Importance "Garibaldi", Catania, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Giuffrida
- Department of Neurosurgery, Highly Specialized Hospital and of National Importance "Garibaldi", Catania, Italy
| | - Massimo Furnari
- Department of Neurosurgery, Highly Specialized Hospital and of National Importance "Garibaldi", Catania, Italy
| | - Domenico Gerardo Iacopino
- Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Postgraduate Residency Program in Neurological Surgery, Neurosurgical Clinic, AOUP "Paolo Giaccone", Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanni Federico Nicoletti
- Department of Neurosurgery, Highly Specialized Hospital and of National Importance "Garibaldi", Catania, Italy.
| | - Gianluca Galvano
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, Highly Specialized Hospital and of National Importance "Garibaldi", Catania, Italy
| | - Francesca Graziano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Highly Specialized Hospital and of National Importance "Garibaldi", Catania, Italy
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3
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Trinh PNH, Baltos JA, Hellyer SD, May LT, Gregory KJ. Adenosine receptor signalling in Alzheimer’s disease. Purinergic Signal 2022; 18:359-381. [PMID: 35870032 PMCID: PMC9391555 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-022-09883-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common dementia in the elderly and its increasing prevalence presents treatment challenges. Despite a better understanding of the disease, the current mainstay of treatment cannot modify pathogenesis or effectively address the associated cognitive and memory deficits. Emerging evidence suggests adenosine G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are promising therapeutic targets for Alzheimer’s disease. The adenosine A1 and A2A receptors are expressed in the human brain and have a proposed involvement in the pathogenesis of dementia. Targeting these receptors preclinically can mitigate pathogenic β-amyloid and tau neurotoxicity whilst improving cognition and memory. In this review, we provide an accessible summary of the literature on Alzheimer’s disease and the therapeutic potential of A1 and A2A receptors. Although there are no available medicines targeting these receptors approved for treating dementia, we provide insights into some novel strategies, including allosterism and the targeting of oligomers, which may increase drug discovery success and enhance the therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuc N. H. Trinh
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia
- Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia
| | - Jo-Anne Baltos
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia
- Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia
| | - Shane D. Hellyer
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia
| | - Lauren T. May
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia
- Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia
| | - Karen J. Gregory
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia
- Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052 Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, 3052 Australia
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4
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Country MW, Jonz MG. Mitochondrial KATP channels stabilize intracellular Ca2+ during hypoxia in retinal horizontal cells of goldfish (Carassius auratus). J Exp Biol 2021; 224:271844. [PMID: 34402511 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.242634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Neurons of the retina require oxygen to survive. In hypoxia, neuronal ATP production is impaired, ATP-dependent ion pumping is reduced, transmembrane ion gradients are dysregulated, and intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) increases enough to trigger excitotoxic cell death. Central neurons of the common goldfish (Carassius auratus) are hypoxia tolerant, but little is known about how goldfish retinas withstand hypoxia. To study the cellular mechanisms of hypoxia tolerance, we isolated retinal interneurons (horizontal cells; HCs), and measured [Ca2+]i with Fura-2. Goldfish HCs maintained [Ca2+]i throughout 1 h of hypoxia, whereas [Ca2+]i increased irreversibly in HCs of the hypoxia-sensitive rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with just 20 min of hypoxia. Our results suggest mitochondrial ATP-dependent K+ channels (mKATP) are necessary to stabilize [Ca2+]i throughout hypoxia. In goldfish HCs, [Ca2+]i increased when mKATP channels were blocked with glibenclamide or 5-hydroxydecanoic acid, whereas the mKATP channel agonist diazoxide prevented [Ca2+]i from increasing in hypoxia in trout HCs. We found that hypoxia protects against increases in [Ca2+]i in goldfish HCs via mKATP channels. Glycolytic inhibition with 2-deoxyglucose increased [Ca2+]i, which was rescued by hypoxia in a mKATP channel-dependent manner. We found no evidence of plasmalemmal KATP channels in patch-clamp experiments. Instead, we confirmed the involvement of KATP in mitochondria with TMRE imaging, as hypoxia rapidly (<5 min) depolarized mitochondria in a mKATP channel-sensitive manner. We conclude that mKATP channels initiate a neuroprotective pathway in goldfish HCs to maintain [Ca2+]i and avoid excitotoxicity in hypoxia. This model provides novel insight into the cellular mechanisms of hypoxia tolerance in the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Country
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, CanadaK1N 6N5
| | - Michael G Jonz
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, CanadaK1N 6N5.,Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, CanadaK1H 8M5
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5
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Sheng R, Chen JL, Qin ZH. Cerebral conditioning: Mechanisms and potential clinical implications. BRAIN HEMORRHAGES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hest.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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Hypercapnia Modulates the Activity of Adenosine A1 Receptors and mitoK +ATP-Channels in Rat Brain When Exposed to Intermittent Hypoxia. Neuromolecular Med 2021; 24:155-168. [PMID: 34115290 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-021-08672-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms and signaling pathways of the neuroprotective effects of hypercapnia and its combination with hypoxia are not studied sufficiently. The study aims to test the hypothesis of the potentiating effect of hypercapnia on the systems of adaptation to hypoxia, directly associated with A1-adenosine receptors and mitochondrial ATP-dependent K+ -channels (mitoK+ATP-channels). We evaluated the relative number of A1-adenosine receptors and mitoK+ATP-channels in astrocytes obtained from male Wistar rats exposed to various respiratory conditions (15 times of hypoxia and/or hypercapnia). In addition, the relative number of these molecules in astrocytes was evaluated on an in vitro model of chemical hypoxia, as well as in the cerebral cortex after photothrombotic damage. This study indicates an increase in the relative number of A1-adenosine receptors in astrocytes and in cells next to the stroke region of the cerebral cortex in rats exposed to hypoxia and hypercapnic hypoxia, but not hypercapnia alone. Hypercapnia and hypoxia increase the relative number of mitoK+ATP-channels in astrocytes and in cells of the peri-infarct region of the cerebral cortex in rats. In an in vitro study, hypercapnia mitigates the effects of acute chemical hypoxia observed in astrocytes for A1-adenosine receptors and mitoK+ATP-channels. Hypercapnia, unlike hypoxia, does not affect the relative number of A1 receptors to adenosine. At the same time, both hypercapnia and hypoxia increase the relative number of mitoK+ATP-channels, which can potentiate their protective effects with combined exposure.
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7
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Senik MH, Abu IF, Fadhullah W. Analysis of K ATP Channels Opening Probability of Hippocampus Cells Treated with Kainic Acid. Malays J Med Sci 2021; 28:15-26. [PMID: 33679216 PMCID: PMC7909348 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2021.28.1.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Kainic acid (KA)-induced seizures may be a valuable tool in the assessment of anti-epileptic drug efficacy in complex partial seizures. This study investigated the effects of KA on ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channels opening probability (NPo), which plays a crucial role in neuronal activities. Methods For the optimisation and validation protocol, β-cells were plated onto 35 mm plastic petri dishes and maintained in RPMI-1640 media supplemented with 10 mM glucose, 10% FCS and 25 mM of N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N-ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES). The treatment effects of 10 mM glucose and 30 μM fluoxetine on KATP channels NPo of β-cells were assessed via cell-attached patch-clamp recordings. For hippocampus cell experiments, hippocampi were harvested from day 17 of maternal Lister-hooded rat foetus, and then transferred to a Ca2+ and Mg2+-free HEPES-buffered Hank's salt solution (HHSS). The dissociated cells were cultured and plated onto a 25 mm round cover glasses coated with poly-d-lysine (0.1 mg/mL) in a petri dish. The KATP channels NPo of hippocampus cells when perfused with 1 mM and 10 mM of KA were determined. Results NPo of β-cells showed significant decreasing patterns (P < 0.001) when treated with 10 mM glucose 0.048 (0.027) as well as 30 μM fluoxetine 0.190 (0.141) as compared to basal counterpart. In hippocampus cell experiment, a significant increase (P < 0.001) in mean NPo 2.148 (0.175) of neurons when applied with 1 mM of KA as compared to basal was observed. Conclusion The two concentrations of KA used in the study exerted contrasting effects toward the mean of NPo. It is hypothesised that KA at lower concentration (1 mM) opens more KATP channels, leading to hyperpolarisation of the neurons, which may prevent neuronal hyper excitability. No effect was shown in 10 mM KA treatment, suggesting that only lower than 10 mM KA produced significant changes in KATP channels. This implies further validation of KA concentration to be used in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Harizal Senik
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia.,School of Life Sciences, Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Izuddin Fahmy Abu
- Institute of Medical Science Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Widad Fadhullah
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
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Hao Y, Xin M, Feng L, Wang X, Wang X, Ma D, Feng J. Review Cerebral Ischemic Tolerance and Preconditioning: Methods, Mechanisms, Clinical Applications, and Challenges. Front Neurol 2020; 11:812. [PMID: 33071923 PMCID: PMC7530891 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and it is increasing in prevalence. The limited therapeutic window and potential severe side effects prevent the widespread clinical application of the venous injection of thrombolytic tissue plasminogen activator and thrombectomy, which are regarded as the only approved treatments for acute ischemic stroke. Triggered by various types of mild stressors or stimuli, ischemic preconditioning (IPreC) induces adaptive endogenous tolerance to ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury by activating a multitude cascade of biomolecules, for example, proteins, enzymes, receptors, transcription factors, and others, which eventually lead to transcriptional regulation and epigenetic and genomic reprogramming. During the past 30 years, IPreC has been widely studied to confirm its neuroprotection against subsequent I/R injury, mainly including local ischemic preconditioning (LIPreC), remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPreC), and cross preconditioning. Although LIPreC has a strong neuroprotective effect, the clinical application of IPreC for subsequent cerebral ischemia is difficult. There are two main reasons for the above result: Cerebral ischemia is unpredictable, and LIPreC is also capable of inducing unexpected injury with only minor differences to durations or intensity. RIPreC and pharmacological preconditioning, an easy-to-use and non-invasive therapy, can be performed in a variety of clinical settings and appear to be more suitable for the clinical management of ischemic stroke. Hoping to advance our understanding of IPreC, this review mainly focuses on recent advances in IPreC in stroke management, its challenges, and the potential study directions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Di Ma
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiachun Feng
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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9
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Gunata M, Parlakpinar H. A review of myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury: Pathophysiology, experimental models, biomarkers, genetics and pharmacological treatment. Cell Biochem Funct 2020; 39:190-217. [PMID: 32892450 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are known to be the most fatal diseases worldwide. Ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is at the centre of the pathology of the most common cardiovascular diseases. According to the World Health Organization estimates, ischaemic heart disease is the leading global cause of death, causing more than 9 million deaths in 2016. After cardiovascular events, thrombolysis, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty or coronary bypass surgery are applied as treatment. However, after restoring coronary blood flow, myocardial I/R injury may occur. It is known that this damage occurs due to many pathophysiological mechanisms, especially increasing reactive oxygen types. Besides causing cardiomyocyte death through multiple mechanisms, it may be an important reason for affecting other cell types such as platelets, fibroblasts, endothelial and smooth muscle cells and immune cells. Also, polymorphonuclear leukocytes are associated with myocardial I/R damage during reperfusion. This damage may be insufficient in patients with co-morbidity, as it is demonstrated that it can be prevented by various endogenous antioxidant systems. In this context, the resulting data suggest that optimal cardioprotection may require a combination of additional or synergistic multi-target treatments. In this review, we discussed the pathophysiology, experimental models, biomarkers, treatment and its relationship with genetics in myocardial I/R injury. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: This review summarized current information on myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury (pathophysiology, experimental models, biomarkers, genetics and pharmacological therapy) for researchers and reveals guiding data for researchers, especially in the field of cardiovascular system and pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Gunata
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Hakan Parlakpinar
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
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10
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Tahir M, Arshid S, Fontes B, S. Castro M, Sidoli S, Schwämmle V, Luz IS, Roepstorff P, Fontes W. Phosphoproteomic Analysis of Rat Neutrophils Shows the Effect of Intestinal Ischemia/Reperfusion and Preconditioning on Kinases and Phosphatases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165799. [PMID: 32823483 PMCID: PMC7460855 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal ischemia reperfusion injury (iIRI) is a severe clinical condition presenting high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Some of the systemic consequences of IRI can be prevented by applying ischemic preconditioning (IPC), a series of short ischemia/reperfusion events preceding the major ischemia. Although neutrophils are key players in the pathophysiology of ischemic injuries, neither the dysregulation presented by these cells in iIRI nor the protective effect of iIPC have their regulation mechanisms fully understood. Protein phosphorylation, as well as the regulation of the respective phosphatases and kinases are responsible for regulating a large number of cellular functions in the inflammatory response. Moreover, in previous work we found hydrolases and transferases to be modulated in iIR and iIPC, suggesting the possible involvement of phosphatases and kinases in the process. Therefore, in the present study, we analyzed the phosphoproteome of neutrophils from rats submitted to mesenteric ischemia and reperfusion, either submitted or not to IPC, compared to quiescent controls and sham laparotomy. Proteomic analysis was performed by multi-step enrichment of phosphopeptides, isobaric labeling, and LC-MS/MS analysis. Bioinformatics was used to determine phosphosite and phosphopeptide abundance and clustering, as well as kinases and phosphatases sites and domains. We found that most of the phosphorylation-regulated proteins are involved in apoptosis and migration, and most of the regulatory kinases belong to CAMK and CMGC families. An interesting finding revealed groups of proteins that are modulated by iIR, but such modulation can be prevented by iIPC. Among the regulated proteins related to the iIPC protective effect, Vamp8 and Inpp5d/Ship are discussed as possible candidates for control of the iIR damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Tahir
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil; (M.T.); (S.A.); (M.S.C.); (I.S.L.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark; (S.S.); (V.S.); (P.R.)
| | - Samina Arshid
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil; (M.T.); (S.A.); (M.S.C.); (I.S.L.)
- Laboratory of Surgical Physiopathology (LIM-62), Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246903, Brazil;
| | - Belchor Fontes
- Laboratory of Surgical Physiopathology (LIM-62), Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246903, Brazil;
| | - Mariana S. Castro
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil; (M.T.); (S.A.); (M.S.C.); (I.S.L.)
| | - Simone Sidoli
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark; (S.S.); (V.S.); (P.R.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Veit Schwämmle
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark; (S.S.); (V.S.); (P.R.)
| | - Isabelle S. Luz
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil; (M.T.); (S.A.); (M.S.C.); (I.S.L.)
| | - Peter Roepstorff
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark; (S.S.); (V.S.); (P.R.)
| | - Wagner Fontes
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil; (M.T.); (S.A.); (M.S.C.); (I.S.L.)
- Correspondence:
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Zhang Y, Cao H, Qiu X, Xu D, Chen Y, Barnes GN, Tu Y, Gyabaah AT, Gharbal AHAA, Peng C, Cai J, Cai X. Neuroprotective Effects of Adenosine A1 Receptor Signaling on Cognitive Impairment Induced by Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia in Mice. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:202. [PMID: 32733207 PMCID: PMC7363980 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is a breathing disorder associated with cognitive impairment. However, the mechanisms leading to cognitive deficits in OSAHS remain uncertain. In this study, a mouse model of chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) exposures were applied for simulating the deoxygenation-reoxygenation events occurring in OSAHS. The conventional adenosine A1 receptor gene (A1R) knockout mice and the A1R agonist CCPA- or antagonist DPCPX-administrated mice were utilized to determine the precise function of A1R signaling in the process of OSAHS-relevant cognitive impairment. We demonstrated that CIH induced morphological changes and apoptosis in hippocampal neurons. Further, CIH blunted hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) and resulted in learning/memory impairment. Disruption of adenosine A1R exacerbated morphological, cellular, and functional damage induced by CIH. In contrast, activation of adenosine A1R signaling reduced morphological changes and apoptosis of hippocampal neurons, promoted LTP, and enhanced learning and memory. A1Rs may up-regulate protein kinase C (PKC) and its subtype PKC-ζ through the activation of Gα(i) improve spatial learning and memory disorder induced by CIH in mice. Taken together, A1R signaling plays a neuroprotective role in CIH-induced cognitive dysfunction and pathological changes in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichun Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hongchao Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Internal Medicine, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Ningbo No. 2 Hospital), Ningbo, China
| | - Xuehao Qiu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Danfen Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yifeng Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Gregory N Barnes
- Department of Neurology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Institute, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Yunjia Tu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Adwoa Takyiwaa Gyabaah
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | | | - Chenlei Peng
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Internal Medicine, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Ningbo No. 2 Hospital), Ningbo, China
| | - Jun Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Research Institute, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Xiaohong Cai
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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12
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Alves ACDB, Bristot VJDO, Limana MD, Speck AE, Barros LSD, Solano AF, Aguiar AS. Role of Adenosine A 2A Receptors in the Central Fatigue of Neurodegenerative Diseases. J Caffeine Adenosine Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1089/caff.2019.0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cristina de Bem Alves
- Exercise Biology Lab, Department of Health Sciences, UFSC—Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Araranguá, Brazil
| | | | - Mirieli Denardi Limana
- Exercise Biology Lab, Department of Health Sciences, UFSC—Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Araranguá, Brazil
| | - Ana Elisa Speck
- Exercise Biology Lab, Department of Health Sciences, UFSC—Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Araranguá, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Soares de Barros
- LABOX—Laboratório de Bioenergética e Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, UFSC—Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Francisco Solano
- LABOX—Laboratório de Bioenergética e Estresse Oxidativo, Departamento de Bioquímica, UFSC—Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Aderbal S. Aguiar
- Exercise Biology Lab, Department of Health Sciences, UFSC—Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Araranguá, Brazil
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13
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Choi JH, Pile-Spellman J. Reperfusion Changes After Stroke and Practical Approaches for Neuroprotection. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 2019; 28:663-682. [PMID: 30322601 DOI: 10.1016/j.nic.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Reperfusion is the first line of care in a growing number of eligible acute ischemic stroke patients. Early reperfusion with thrombolytic drugs and endovascular mechanical devices is associated with improved outcome and lower mortality rates compared with natural history. Reperfusion is not without risk, however, and may result in reperfusion injury, which manifests in hemorrhagic transformation, brain edema, infarct progression, and neurologic worsening. In this article, the functional and structural changes and underlying molecular mechanisms of ischemia and reperfusion are reviewed. The pathways that lead to reperfusion injury and novel neuroprotective strategies with endogenous properties are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae H Choi
- Center for Unruptured Brain Aneurysms, Neurological Surgery PC, 1991 Marcus Avenue, Suite 108, Lake Success, NY 11042, USA; Department of Neurology, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA; Hybernia Medical LLC, 626 RexCorp Plaza, Uniondale, NY 11556, USA.
| | - John Pile-Spellman
- Center for Unruptured Brain Aneurysms, Neurological Surgery PC, 1991 Marcus Avenue, Suite 108, Lake Success, NY 11042, USA; Hybernia Medical LLC, 626 RexCorp Plaza, Uniondale, NY 11556, USA
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14
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Faghir-Ghanesefat H, Keshavarz-Bahaghighat H, Rajai N, Mokhtari T, Bahramnejad E, Kazemi Roodsari S, Dehpour AR. The Possible Role of Nitric Oxide Pathway in Pentylenetetrazole Preconditioning Against Seizure in Mice. J Mol Neurosci 2019; 67:477-483. [PMID: 30627955 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-018-1256-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Preconditioning is defined as an induction of adaptive response in organs against lethal stimulation provoked by subsequent mild sublethal stress. Several chemical agents have been demonstrated to cause brain tolerance through preconditioning. The aim of the present study is to test the hypothesis that preconditioning with pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) may have protective effect against seizure induced by i.v. infusion of PTZ. Mice were preconditioned by low-dose administration of PTZ (25 mg/kg) for 5 consecutive days, and the threshold of seizure elicited by i.v. infusion of PTZ was measured. To investigate the possible role of nitric oxide, NOS inhibitor enzymes, including L-NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME) (10 mg/kg), aminoguanidine (AG) (50 mg/kg), 7-nitroindazole (7-NI) (15 mg/kg), and L-arginine (L-arg) (60 mg/kg), were administered concomitantly with PTZ in both acute and chronic phases. Determination of seizure threshold revealed significant enhancement after preconditioning with low dose of PTZ. While the protective effect of PTZ preconditioning was enhanced after the administration of L-arg, it was reversed following administration of L-NAME and 7NI, suggesting the involvement of nitric oxide pathway as an underlying mechanism of PTZ-induced preconditioning. Preconditioning with PTZ led to brain tolerance and adaptive response in animal model of PTZ-induced seizure. This effect is in part due to the involvement of nitric oxide pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedyeh Faghir-Ghanesefat
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 13145-784, Tehran, Iran.,Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hedieh Keshavarz-Bahaghighat
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 13145-784, Tehran, Iran.,Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazanin Rajai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 13145-784, Tehran, Iran.,Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tahmineh Mokhtari
- Nervous System Stem Cells Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.,Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Erfan Bahramnejad
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 13145-784, Tehran, Iran.,Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheil Kazemi Roodsari
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 13145-784, Tehran, Iran.,Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 13145-784, Tehran, Iran. .,Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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15
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The Traditional Chinese Medicine MLC901 inhibits inflammation processes after focal cerebral ischemia. Sci Rep 2018; 8:18062. [PMID: 30584250 PMCID: PMC6305383 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36138-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is considered as a major contributor to brain injury following cerebral ischemia. The therapeutic potential of both MLC601/MLC901, which are herbal extract preparations derived from Chinese Medicine, has been reported both in advanced stroke clinical trials and also in animal and cellular models. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of MLC901 on the different steps of post-ischemic inflammation in focal ischemia in mice. In vivo injury was induced by 60 minutes of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) followed by reperfusion. MLC901 was administered in post-treatment 90 min after the onset of ischemia and once a day during reperfusion. MLC901 treatment resulted in a reduction in infarct volume, a decrease of Blood Brain Barrier leakage and brain swelling, an improvement in neurological scores and a reduction of mortality rate at 24 hours after MCAO. These beneficial effects of MLC901 were accompanied by an inhibition of astrocytes and microglia/macrophage activation, a drastically decreased neutrophil invasion into the ischemic brain as well as by a negative regulation of pro-inflammatory mediator expression (cytokines, chemokines, matrix metalloproteinases). MLC901 significantly inhibited the expression of Prx6 as well as the transcriptional activity of NFκB and the activation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling, an important pathway in the immune response in the ischemic brain. MLC901 effects on the neuroinflammation cascade induced by cerebral ischemia probably contribute, in a very significant way, in its potential therapeutic value.
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Yuan Q, Jia HX, Li SQ, Xiao-Zhang, Wu YJ, Feng L, Liu XL, Sun XC, Li WB. The role of adenosine in up-regulation of p38 MAPK and ERK during limb ischemic preconditioning-induced brain ischemic tolerance. Brain Res 2018; 1707:172-183. [PMID: 30445027 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Our previous studies have demonstrated that limb ischemic preconditioning (LIP) induced brain ischemic tolerance and up-regulated the expression of p38 MAPK and ERK in the hippocampal CA1 region in rats. The present study was undertaken to investigate the role of adenosine in brain protection and up-regulation of p38 MAPK and ERK induced by LIP. It was found that adenosine A1 receptor antagonist DPCPX dose-dependently inhibited the protective effect of LIP. The up-regulation of p38 MAPK and ERK induced by LIP could be blocked by DPCPX. Furthermore, we observed the effect of adenosine on the brain ischemia. The results showed that pre-administration of adenosine could partly mimic the neuroprotective effect on the brain, up-regulate the expression of p38 MAPK and ERK. Based on the above results, it can be concluded that adenosine participated in brain protection and up-regulation of the expression of p38 MAPK and ERK during the induction of brain ischemic tolerance after LIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Yuan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China; Department of Pathology, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Corps Hospital of Chinese People's Armed Police, Hohhot 010040, PR China
| | - Hui-Xian Jia
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Shu-Qin Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Xiao-Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Yong-Juan Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Lin Feng
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Xiao-Li Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China
| | - Xiao-Cai Sun
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China.
| | - Wen-Bin Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China.
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Poleszak E, Szopa A, Bogatko K, Wyska E, Wośko S, Świąder K, Doboszewska U, Wlaź A, Wróbel A, Wlaź P, Serefko A. Antidepressant-Like Activity of Typical Antidepressant Drugs in the Forced Swim Test and Tail Suspension Test in Mice Is Augmented by DMPX, an Adenosine A 2A Receptor Antagonist. Neurotox Res 2018; 35:344-352. [PMID: 30267268 PMCID: PMC6331646 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-018-9959-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Unsatisfactory therapeutic effects of currently used antidepressants force to search for new pharmacological treatment strategies. Recent research points to the relationship between depressive disorders and the adenosinergic system. Therefore, the main goal of our studies was to evaluate the effects of DMPX (3 mg/kg, i.p.), which possesses selectivity for adenosine A2A receptors versus A1 receptors, on the activity of imipramine (15 mg/kg, i.p.), escitalopram (2.5 mg/kg, i.p.), and reboxetine (2 mg/kg, i.p.) given in subtherapeutic doses. The studies carried out using the forced swim and tail suspension tests in mice showed that DMPX at a dose of 6 and 12 mg/kg exerts antidepressant-like effect and does not affect the locomotor activity. Co-administration of DMPX at a dose of 3 mg/kg with the studied antidepressant drugs caused the reduction of immobility time in both behavioral tests. The observed effect was not associated with an increase in the locomotor activity. To evaluate whether the observed effects were due to a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic interaction, the levels of the antidepressants in blood and brain were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. It can be assumed that the interaction between DMPX and imipramine was exclusively pharmacodynamic in nature, whereas an increased antidepressant activity of escitalopram and reboxetine was at least partly related to its pharmacokinetic interaction with DMPX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Poleszak
- Department of Applied Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, PL 20-093, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Szopa
- Department of Applied Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, PL 20-093, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Karolina Bogatko
- Department of Applied Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, PL 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Wyska
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum, Jagiellonian University, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Sylwia Wośko
- Department of Applied Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, PL 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Świąder
- Department of Applied Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, PL 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Urszula Doboszewska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, PL 20-033, Lublin, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Wlaź
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, PL 20-090, Lublin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Wróbel
- Second Department of Gynecology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, PL 20-090, Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr Wlaź
- Department of Animal Physiology, Institute of Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, PL 20-033, Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Serefko
- Department of Applied Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, PL 20-093, Lublin, Poland
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18
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Oral K, Akan M, Özkardeşler S, Boztaş N, Ergür BU, Güneli ME, Olguner Ç, Fidan H. Comparison of Direct and Remote Ischaemic Preconditioning of Renal Ischaemia Reperfusion Injury in Rats. Turk J Anaesthesiol Reanim 2018; 46:453-461. [PMID: 30505608 DOI: 10.5152/tjar.2018.07992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective One of the methods that can be used to prevent ischaemia reperfusion (IR) injury is ischaemic preconditioning. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effects of remote and direct ischaemic preconditioning (RIPC and DIPC) histopathologically in the rat renal IR injury model. Methods After obtaining an approval from the Dokuz Eylül University School of Medicine Ethics Committee, 28 Wistar Albino male rats were divided into four groups. In Group I (Sham, n=7), laparotomy and left renal pedicle dissection were performed, but nothing else was done. In Group II (IR, n=7), after 45 minutes of left renal pedicle occlusion, reperfusion lasting 4 hours was performed. In Group III (DIPC+IR, n=7), after four cycles of ischaemic preconditioning applied to the left kidney, renal IR was performed. In Group IV (RIPC+IR, n=7), after three cycles of ischaemic preconditioning applied to the left hind leg, renal IR was performed. All rats were sacrificed, and the left kidney was processed for conventional histopathology. Results The histopathological injury score of the kidney was significantly lower in the sham group compared with the other groups (p<0.01). The injury scores of the DIPC+IR and RIPC+IR groups were significantly lower than in the IR group (p<0.05). In the RIPC+IR group, the injury score for erythrocyte extravasation was found to be significantly lower than in the DIPC+IR group (p<0.05). Conclusion In the present study, it was demonstrated that both DIPC and RIPC decreased renal IR injury, but RIPC was found to be more effective than DIPC. This protective effect requiresfurther detailed experimental and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keziban Oral
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Katip Çelebi University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Mert Akan
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Kent Hospital, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Sevda Özkardeşler
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Dokuz Eylül University School of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Nilay Boztaş
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Dokuz Eylül University School of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Bekir Uğur Ergür
- Department of Histology, Dokuz Eylül University School of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ensari Güneli
- Laboratory Animal Department, Dokuz Eylül University School of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Çimen Olguner
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Dokuz Eylül University School of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Hatice Fidan
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Ereğli Hospital, Zonguldak, Turkey
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Hernández-Reséndiz S, Muñoz-Vega M, Contreras WE, Crespo-Avilan GE, Rodriguez-Montesinos J, Arias-Carrión O, Pérez-Méndez O, Boisvert WA, Preissner KT, Cabrera-Fuentes HA. Responses of Endothelial Cells Towards Ischemic Conditioning Following Acute Myocardial Infarction. CONDITIONING MEDICINE 2018; 1:247-258. [PMID: 30338315 PMCID: PMC6191189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
One of the primary therapeutic goals of modern cardiology is to design strategies aimed at minimizing myocardial infarct size and optimizing cardiac function following acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Patients with AMI who underwent reperfusion therapy display dysfunction of the coronary endothelium. Consequently, ischemic endothelial cells become more permeable and weaken their natural anti-thrombotic and anti-inflammatory potential. Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is associated with activation of the humoral and cellular components of the hemostatic and innate immune system, and also with excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the inhibition of nitric oxide synthase, and with inflammatory processes. Given its essential role in the regulation of vascular homeostasis, involving platelets and leukocytes among others, dysfunctional endothelium can lead to increased risk of coronary vasospasm and thrombosis. Endothelial dysfunction can be prevented by ischemic conditioning with a protective intervention based on limited intermittent periods of ischemia and reperfusion. The molecular mechanisms and signal transduction pathways underlying conditioning phenomena in the coronary endothelium have been described as involving less ROS production, reduced adhesion of neutrophils to endothelial cells and diminished inflammatory reactions. This review summarizes our current understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating IRI-affected and -damaged coronary endothelium, and how ischemic conditioning may preserve its function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sauri Hernández-Reséndiz
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, NL, México
| | - Mónica Muñoz-Vega
- Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento y Sueño, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González. Ciudad de México, México
| | - Whendy E Contreras
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gustavo E Crespo-Avilan
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Oscar Arias-Carrión
- Molecular Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", C.D de México, México
| | - Oscar Pérez-Méndez
- Molecular Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", C.D de México, México
| | - William A Boisvert
- Kazan Federal University, Department of Microbiology, Kazan, Russian Federation
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Hawaii, USA
| | - Klaus T Preissner
- Kazan Federal University, Department of Microbiology, Kazan, Russian Federation
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical School, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Hector A Cabrera-Fuentes
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, NL, México
- Kazan Federal University, Department of Microbiology, Kazan, Russian Federation
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical School, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
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20
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Yang T, Li Q, Zhang F. Regulation of gene expression in ischemic preconditioning in the brain. CONDITIONING MEDICINE 2017; 1:47-56. [PMID: 30035270 PMCID: PMC6051752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is the third leading cause of death and the leading cause of long-term disability, with very few effective treatments and limited progress in the effort to search for novel therapeutic approaches. The phenomenon that a sublethal ischemic insult induces protection against a subsequent severe ischemia, termed ischemic preconditioning (IPC), represents an endogenous protective approach against ischemic brain injury, and may direct a breakthrough to future therapeutic strategies. It is broadly accepted that new protein synthesis is required for IPC-mediated long-term neuroprotection; however, their relative regulatory mechanisms are poorly understood. In the present review, we summarize genomic-based studies on alterations in gene expression and protein synthesis, particularly categorizing potential pathways regulated by IPC. We also review the role of epigenetics, an inheritable genetic regulatory mechanism without changes in DNA sequence, in IPC-mediated neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuo Yang
- Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Qianqian Li
- Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Geriatric Research, Educational and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA
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Choi HS, Hwang JK, Kim JG, Hwang HS, Lee SJ, Chang YK, Kim JI, Moon IS. The optimal duration of ischemic preconditioning for renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice. Ann Surg Treat Res 2017; 93:209-216. [PMID: 29094031 PMCID: PMC5658303 DOI: 10.4174/astr.2017.93.4.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effects of ischemic preconditioning for different periods of time and to elucidate the optimal safe ischemic preconditioning time for renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in mice. Methods A total of 25 male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into 5 groups (sham, I/R, ischemic preconditioning [IP]-3, IP-5, and IP-7 groups), in which the kidney was preconditioned with IP of various durations and then subjected to I/R injury (the last 3 groups). To induce renal ischemia, the left renal pedicle was occluded with a nontraumatic microaneurysm clamp for 30 minutes followed by reperfusion for 24 hours. The effects of IP on renal I/R injury were evaluated in terms of renal function, tubular necrosis, apoptotic cell death and inflammatory cytokines. Results Results indicated that BUN and creatinine (Cr) levels increased significantly in the I/R group, but the elevations were significantly lower in IP groups, especially in the IP-5 group. Histological analysis revealed that kidney injury was markedly decreased in the IP-5 group compared with the I/R group, as evidenced by reduced renal necrosis/apoptosis. In addition, IP significantly inhibited gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) and chemokines (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1). Western blot analysis indicated that the expression levels of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) were upregulated in the I/R group, while expression was inhibited in the IP groups. Conclusion Five-minute IP had the greatest protective effect against I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Su Choi
- Department of Clinical Research, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jeong Kye Hwang
- Department of Surgery, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jeong Goo Kim
- Department of Surgery, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyeon Seok Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sang Ju Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yoon Kyung Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ji Il Kim
- Department of Surgery, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, Uijeongbu, Korea
| | - In Sung Moon
- Department of Surgery, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Integrity of Cerebellar Fastigial Nucleus Intrinsic Neurons Is Critical for the Global Ischemic Preconditioning. Brain Sci 2017; 7:brainsci7100121. [PMID: 28934119 PMCID: PMC5664048 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci7100121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Excitation of intrinsic neurons of cerebellar fastigial nucleus (FN) renders brain tolerant to local and global ischemia. This effect reaches a maximum 72 h after the stimulation and lasts over 10 days. Comparable neuroprotection is observed following sublethal global brain ischemia, a phenomenon known as preconditioning. We hypothesized that FN may participate in the mechanisms of ischemic preconditioning as a part of the intrinsic neuroprotective mechanism. To explore potential significance of FN neurons in brain ischemic tolerance we lesioned intrinsic FN neurons with excitotoxin ibotenic acid five days before exposure to 20 min four-vessel occlusion (4-VO) global ischemia while analyzing neuronal damage in Cornu Ammoni area 1 (CA1) hippocampal area one week later. In FN-lesioned animals, loss of CA1 cells was higher by 22% compared to control (phosphate buffered saline (PBS)-injected) animals. Moreover, lesion of FN neurons increased morbidity following global ischemia by 50%. Ablation of FN neurons also reversed salvaging effects of five-minute ischemic preconditioning on CA1 neurons and morbidity, while ablation of cerebellar dentate nucleus neurons did not change effect of ischemic preconditioning. We conclude that FN is an important part of intrinsic neuroprotective system, which participates in ischemic preconditioning and may participate in naturally occurring neuroprotection, such as "diving response".
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23
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Choi EK, Jung H, Kwak KH, Yi SJ, Lim JA, Park SH, Park JM, Kim S, Jee DL, Lim DG. Inhibition of Oxidative Stress in Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Anesth Analg 2017; 124:204-213. [PMID: 27607480 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000001565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Superoxide, nitric oxide (NO), and peroxynitrite are important mediators in the pathogenesis of ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. We tested the renoprotective effects of allopurinol (ALP), a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), and 5,10,15,20-tetrakis (N-methyl-4-pyridyl) porphyrinato iron (III) (FeTMPyP) by selective inhibition of superoxide, NO, and peroxynitrite, respectively. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to 5 groups (n = 6 per group). Group 1 was a sham-operated group. Group 2 was the renal I/R group (30-minute ischemia followed by 24-hour reperfusion). Rats in groups 3, 4, and 5 received ALP, L-NAME, or FeTMPyP, respectively, at 5 minutes before the reperfusion. Serum creatinine (Cr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), renal tissue malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, histological changes, apoptosis, and monocyte infiltration were evaluated. In addition, the combined treatment with ALP and L-NAME was compared with FeTMPyP in a second independent experiment. RESULTS The administration of ALP, L-NAME, and FeTMPyP diminished the increase in Cr (P = .0066 for all) and BUN (P = .0066 for ALP; and P = .013 for L-NAME) induced by I/R injury and decreased the histological damage (P = .0066 for all). In addition, ALP, L-NAME, and FeTMPyP attenuated the oxidative stress response as determined by a decrease in malondialdehyde level (P = .0066 for all), apoptotic renal tubular cells (P = .0066 for all), and monocyte infiltration (P = .0066 for all). The combined treatment of ALP and L-NAME decreased Cr and BUN levels to a greater degree than FeTMPyP (P = .016 for Cr; P = .0079 for BUN). CONCLUSIONS Superoxide, NO, and peroxynitrite are involved in renal I/R injury. The reduction of peroxynitrite formation, via inhibition of superoxide or NO, or the induction of peroxynitrite decomposition may be beneficial in renal I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Kyung Choi
- From the *Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea; and †Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
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Postconditioning-induced neuroprotection, mechanisms and applications in cerebral ischemia. Neurochem Int 2017; 107:43-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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25
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Adenosine A1 and A2A Receptors in the Brain: Current Research and Their Role in Neurodegeneration. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22040676. [PMID: 28441750 PMCID: PMC6154612 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22040676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The inhibitory adenosine A1 receptor (A1R) and excitatory A2A receptor (A2AR) are predominantly expressed in the brain. Whereas the A2AR has been implicated in normal aging and enhancing neurotoxicity in multiple neurodegenerative diseases, the inhibitory A1R has traditionally been ascribed to have a neuroprotective function in various brain insults. This review provides a summary of the emerging role of prolonged A1R signaling and its potential cross-talk with A2AR in the cellular basis for increased neurotoxicity in neurodegenerative disorders. This A1R signaling enhances A2AR-mediated neurodegeneration, and provides a platform for future development of neuroprotective agents in stroke, Parkinson’s disease and epilepsy.
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Carlin JL, Jain S, Gizewski E, Wan TC, Tosh DK, Xiao C, Auchampach JA, Jacobson KA, Gavrilova O, Reitman ML. Hypothermia in mouse is caused by adenosine A 1 and A 3 receptor agonists and AMP via three distinct mechanisms. Neuropharmacology 2017; 114:101-113. [PMID: 27914963 PMCID: PMC5183552 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Small mammals have the ability to enter torpor, a hypothermic, hypometabolic state, allowing impressive energy conservation. Administration of adenosine or adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP) can trigger a hypothermic, torpor-like state. We investigated the mechanisms for hypothermia using telemetric monitoring of body temperature in wild type and receptor knock out (Adora1-/-, Adora3-/-) mice. Confirming prior data, stimulation of the A3 adenosine receptor (AR) induced hypothermia via peripheral mast cell degranulation, histamine release, and activation of central histamine H1 receptors. In contrast, A1AR agonists and AMP both acted centrally to cause hypothermia. Commonly used, selective A1AR agonists, including N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA), N6-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA), and MRS5474, caused hypothermia via both A1AR and A3AR when given intraperitoneally. Intracerebroventricular dosing, low peripheral doses of Cl-ENBA [(±)-5'-chloro-5'-deoxy-N6-endo-norbornyladenosine], or using Adora3-/- mice allowed selective stimulation of A1AR. AMP-stimulated hypothermia can occur independently of A1AR, A3AR, and mast cells. A1AR and A3AR agonists and AMP cause regulated hypothermia that was characterized by a drop in total energy expenditure, physical inactivity, and preference for cooler environmental temperatures, indicating a reduced body temperature set point. Neither A1AR nor A3AR was required for fasting-induced torpor. A1AR and A3AR agonists and AMP trigger regulated hypothermia via three distinct mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse Lea Carlin
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Shalini Jain
- Mouse Metabolism Core, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Elizabeth Gizewski
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Tina C Wan
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Dilip K Tosh
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Cuiying Xiao
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John A Auchampach
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Kenneth A Jacobson
- Molecular Recognition Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Oksana Gavrilova
- Mouse Metabolism Core, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Marc L Reitman
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Adenosine receptors: regulatory players in the preservation of mitochondrial function induced by ischemic preconditioning of rat liver. Purinergic Signal 2016; 13:179-190. [PMID: 27848069 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-016-9548-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Although adenosine A1 receptors (A1R) have been associated to ischemic preconditioning (IPC), direct evidence for their ability to preserve mitochondrial function upon hepatic preconditioning is still missing and could represent a novel strategy to boost the quality of liver transplants. We tested if the A1R antagonist 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX) prevented IPC in the liver and if the A1R agonist 2-chloro-N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CCPA) might afford a pharmacological preconditioning. Livers underwent a 120 min of 70% warm ischemia and 16 h of reperfusion (I/R), and the IPC group underwent a 5-min ischemic episode followed by a 10-min period of reperfusion before I/R. DPCPX or CCPA was administered intraperitoneally 2 h before IPC or I/R. The control of mitochondrial function emerged as the central element affected by IPC and controlled by endogenous A1R activation. Thus, livers from IPC- or CCPA-treated rats displayed an improved oxidative phosphorylation with higher state 3 respiratory rate, higher respiratory control ratio, increased ATP content, and decreased lag phase. IPC and CCPA also prevented the I/R-induced susceptibility to calcium-induced mitochondrial permeability transition, the rate of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and the decreased mitochondrial content of phospho-Ser9 GSK-3β. DPCPX abrogated these effects of IPC. These implicate the control of GSK-3β activity by Akt-mediated Ser9-GSK-3β phosphorylation preserving the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation and ROS-mediated cell death in the ability of A1R activation to mimic IPC in the liver. In conclusion, the parallel between IPC and A1R-mediated preconditioning also paves the way to consider a putative therapeutic use of the later in liver transplants.
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Chaby LE. Why are there lasting effects from exposure to stress during development? An analysis of current models of early stress. Physiol Behav 2016; 164:164-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Abstract
Adenosine is an endogenous nucleoside with multiple biological properties which plays a central role in the pathophysiology of tissue ischemia. Adenosine signals an imbalance between oxygen demand and supply, and it initiates responses to redress such a discrepancy. Besides its vasodilating properties, adenosine possesses anti-platelet and anti-neutrophil activities and provides cytoprotection. Adenosine is presumably the main mediator of the preconditioning phenomenon. During ischemia of the lower limbs, adenosine plays a physiological role by inducing vasodilatation and by preventing microcirculatory failure. Exercise training prolongs claudication distance possibly by inducing pulse increases of adenosine and consequently skeletal muscle preconditioning. Moreover, the adenosine increase which follows the administration of some drugs, such as buflomedil and propionylcarnitine, opens new perspectives in the management of leg ischemia. In fact, the concept arises of an ischemic (exercise-dependent) or pharmacologic preconditioning in the treatment of patients with claudication.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Laghi Pasini
- Institute of Medical Semeiotics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy, Section of Clinical Immunology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - PL Capecchi
- Institute of Medical Semeiotics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy, Section of Clinical Immunology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - T Di Perri
- Institute of Medical Semeiotics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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30
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Cunha RA. How does adenosine control neuronal dysfunction and neurodegeneration? J Neurochem 2016; 139:1019-1055. [PMID: 27365148 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The adenosine modulation system mostly operates through inhibitory A1 (A1 R) and facilitatory A2A receptors (A2A R) in the brain. The activity-dependent release of adenosine acts as a brake of excitatory transmission through A1 R, which are enriched in glutamatergic terminals. Adenosine sharpens salience of information encoding in neuronal circuits: high-frequency stimulation triggers ATP release in the 'activated' synapse, which is locally converted by ecto-nucleotidases into adenosine to selectively activate A2A R; A2A R switch off A1 R and CB1 receptors, bolster glutamate release and NMDA receptors to assist increasing synaptic plasticity in the 'activated' synapse; the parallel engagement of the astrocytic syncytium releases adenosine further inhibiting neighboring synapses, thus sharpening the encoded plastic change. Brain insults trigger a large outflow of adenosine and ATP, as a danger signal. A1 R are a hurdle for damage initiation, but they desensitize upon prolonged activation. However, if the insult is near-threshold and/or of short-duration, A1 R trigger preconditioning, which may limit the spread of damage. Brain insults also up-regulate A2A R, probably to bolster adaptive changes, but this heightens brain damage since A2A R blockade affords neuroprotection in models of epilepsy, depression, Alzheimer's, or Parkinson's disease. This initially involves a control of synaptotoxicity by neuronal A2A R, whereas astrocytic and microglia A2A R might control the spread of damage. The A2A R signaling mechanisms are largely unknown since A2A R are pleiotropic, coupling to different G proteins and non-canonical pathways to control the viability of glutamatergic synapses, neuroinflammation, mitochondria function, and cytoskeleton dynamics. Thus, simultaneously bolstering A1 R preconditioning and preventing excessive A2A R function might afford maximal neuroprotection. The main physiological role of the adenosine modulation system is to sharp the salience of information encoding through a combined action of adenosine A2A receptors (A2A R) in the synapse undergoing an alteration of synaptic efficiency with an increased inhibitory action of A1 R in all surrounding synapses. Brain insults trigger an up-regulation of A2A R in an attempt to bolster adaptive plasticity together with adenosine release and A1 R desensitization; this favors synaptotocity (increased A2A R) and decreases the hurdle to undergo degeneration (decreased A1 R). Maximal neuroprotection is expected to result from a combined A2A R blockade and increased A1 R activation. This article is part of a mini review series: "Synaptic Function and Dysfunction in Brain Diseases".
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo A Cunha
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,FMUC-Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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31
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Freedman JE, Lin YJ. REVIEW ■ : ATP-sensitive Potassium Channels: Diverse Functions in the Central Nervous System. Neuroscientist 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/107385849600200309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
ATP-sensitive potassium channels open when cytoplasmic levels of ATP drop, thus linking membrane potential to the metabolic state of the cell. Cloning studies have suggested that these channels are related structurally to the inward rectifier family of potassium channels, with two putative membrane-spanning regions. Sulfonylurea drugs, which are used in the treatment of diabetes, inhibit these channels by binding to an associated membrane protein. Other drugs, including some vasodilators, activate ATP-sensitive potassium channels. Diverse neurotransmitter and hormone receptors can modulate these channels, in some cases through interactions with guanyl nucleotide binding proteins. There appear to be multiple subtypes of these channels, differing in electrical properties as well as in drug sensitivities. In the brain, these channels appear to play a role in mediating satiety after feeding. They also function in neurons to protect against excitotoxicity, by counteracting the membrane depolarization associated with metabolic stress. Brain dopamine receptors appear to modulate a novel subtype of ATP-sensitive potassium channel. The association of dopamine receptors with a mechanism involved in protection against neurodegeneration may have implications for the causes of diseases in which dopaminergic regions of brain undergo structural changes, possibly including schizophrenia. NEUROSCIENTIST 2:145-152, 1996
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan E. Freedman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Northeastern University
Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Yong-Jian Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Northeastern University
Boston, Massachusetts
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32
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Ozaki T, Muramatsu R, Sasai M, Yamamoto M, Kubota Y, Fujinaka T, Yoshimine T, Yamashita T. The P2X4 receptor is required for neuroprotection via ischemic preconditioning. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25893. [PMID: 27173846 PMCID: PMC4865734 DOI: 10.1038/srep25893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic preconditioning (IPC), a procedure consisting of transient ischemia and subsequent reperfusion, provides ischemic tolerance against prolonged ischemia in the brain. Although the blood flow changes mediated by IPC are primarily perceived by vascular endothelial cells, the role of these cells in ischemic tolerance has not been fully clarified. In this study, we found that the P2X4 receptor, which is abundantly expressed in vascular endothelial cells, is required for ischemic tolerance following middle artery occlusion (MCAO) in mice. Mechanistically, the P2X4 receptor was stimulated by fluid shear stress, which mimics reperfusion, thus promoting the increased expression of osteopontin, a neuroprotective molecule. Furthermore, we found that the intracerebroventricular administration of osteopontin was sufficient to exert a neuroprotective effect mediated by preconditioning-stimulated P2X4 receptor activation. These results demonstrate a novel mechanism whereby vascular endothelial cells are involved in ischemic tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Ozaki
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 5, Sanbancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan.,Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Rieko Muramatsu
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 5, Sanbancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan.,Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 5, Sanbancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan
| | - Miwa Sasai
- Department of Immunoparasitology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamamoto
- Department of Immunoparasitology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kubota
- The Laboratory of Vascular Biology, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Fujinaka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshiki Yoshimine
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshihide Yamashita
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 5, Sanbancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan
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p38 MAPK Participates in the Mediation of GLT-1 Up-regulation During the Induction of Brain Ischemic Tolerance by Cerebral Ischemic Preconditioning. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:58-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9652-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Marina N, Kasymov V, Ackland GL, Kasparov S, Gourine AV. Astrocytes and Brain Hypoxia. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 903:201-7. [PMID: 27343098 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-7678-9_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes provide the structural and functional interface between the cerebral circulation and neuronal networks. They enwrap all intracerebral arterioles and capillaries, control the flux of nutrients as well as the ionic and metabolic environment of the neuropil. Astrocytes have the ability to adjust cerebral blood flow to maintain constant PO2 and PCO2 of the brain parenchyma. Release of ATP in the brainstem, presumably by local astrocytes, helps to maintain breathing and counteract hypoxia-induced depression of the respiratory network. Astrocytes also appear to be involved in mediating hypoxia-evoked changes in blood-brain barrier permeability, brain inflammation, and neuroprotection against ischaemic injury. Thus, astrocytes appear to play a fundamental role in supporting neuronal function not only in normal conditions but also in pathophysiological states when supply of oxygen to the brain is compromised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nephtali Marina
- Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Vitaliy Kasymov
- Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Gareth L Ackland
- Experimental Medicine, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sergey Kasparov
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Alexander V Gourine
- Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK.
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Pedata F, Dettori I, Coppi E, Melani A, Fusco I, Corradetti R, Pugliese AM. Purinergic signalling in brain ischemia. Neuropharmacology 2015; 104:105-30. [PMID: 26581499 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ischemia is a multifactorial pathology characterized by different events evolving in the time. After ischemia a primary damage due to the early massive increase of extracellular glutamate is followed by activation of resident immune cells, i.e microglia, and production or activation of inflammation mediators. Protracted neuroinflammation is now recognized as the predominant mechanism of secondary brain injury progression. Extracellular concentrations of ATP and adenosine in the brain increase dramatically during ischemia in concentrations able to stimulate their respective specific P2 and P1 receptors. Both ATP P2 and adenosine P1 receptor subtypes exert important roles in ischemia. Although adenosine exerts a clear neuroprotective effect through A1 receptors during ischemia, the use of selective A1 agonists is hampered by undesirable peripheral effects. Evidence up to now in literature indicate that A2A receptor antagonists provide protection centrally by reducing excitotoxicity, while agonists at A2A (and possibly also A2B) and A3 receptors provide protection by controlling massive infiltration and neuroinflammation in the hours and days after brain ischemia. Among P2X receptors most evidence indicate that P2X7 receptor contribute to the damage induced by the ischemic insult due to intracellular Ca(2+) loading in central cells and facilitation of glutamate release. Antagonism of P2X7 receptors might represent a new treatment to attenuate brain damage and to promote proliferation and maturation of brain immature resident cells that can promote tissue repair following cerebral ischemia. Among P2Y receptors, antagonists of P2Y12 receptors are of value because of their antiplatelet activity and possibly because of additional anti-inflammatory effects. Moreover strategies that modify adenosine or ATP concentrations at injury sites might be of value to limit damage after ischemia. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Purines in Neurodegeneration and Neuroregeneration'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicita Pedata
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139 Florence, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Dettori
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Coppi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Alessia Melani
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Irene Fusco
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Renato Corradetti
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Pugliese
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
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Trogadas G, Mastoraki A, Nastos C, Kondi-Pafiti A, Kostopanagiotou G, Smyrniotis V, Arkadopoulos N. Comparative Effects of Ischemic Preconditioning and Iron Chelation in Hepatectomy. J INVEST SURG 2015; 28:261-7. [PMID: 26270074 DOI: 10.3109/08941939.2015.1024803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/AIM Major hepatectomies can result in severe ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury of the liver. The aim of this survey is to comparatively evaluate the effects of a surgical and a pharmacological hepatoprotective modality on the liver remnant in a porcine model of hepatectomy. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-one Landrace pigs were randomly divided into three groups: a control group (CON) (n = 7), an Ischemic Preconditioning (PRE) group (n = 7) and a Desferoxamine (DFX) treated one (n = 7). Animals were subjected to 120 min of liver ischemia with subsequent 75% hepatectomy followed by 24-hr reperfusion. In all animals, continuous intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring was employed. Blood samples were collected at t0, t6, t12, and t24 hrs after reperfusion. Liver remnant specimens were excised for histological examination. RESULTS In the PRE group, ICP was statistically lower at t6 time point compared to CON group and in comparison with t0. In addition, ICP was significantly lower at all-time points after reperfusion in the DFX group. Finally, with regard to DFX and PRE group correlation, ICP was significantly lower at t0, t12, and t24 time points after reperfusion in the DFX group. In the PRE group, NH3 levels were significantly lower at t12 after reperfusion compared to CON and DFX groups. Histological evaluation elucidated significantly less hepatocellular necrosis, apoptosis, and degeneration in the PRE and DFX groups correlated to CON group. CONCLUSIONS Both hepatoprotective modalities including PRE and DFX administration are associated with lower ICP levels and correlated with attenuated liver remnant injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Trogadas
- a 4th Department of Surgery, Athens University, Medical School, ATTIKON University Hospital , Chaidari , Athens , Greece
| | - Aikaterini Mastoraki
- a 4th Department of Surgery, Athens University, Medical School, ATTIKON University Hospital , Chaidari , Athens , Greece
| | - Constantinos Nastos
- a 4th Department of Surgery, Athens University, Medical School, ATTIKON University Hospital , Chaidari , Athens , Greece
| | - Agathi Kondi-Pafiti
- b Department of Pathology, Aretaieion Hospital, University of Athens Medical School , Athens , Greece
| | - Georgia Kostopanagiotou
- c 2nd Department of Anesthesiology, Athens University, Medical School, ATTIKON University Hospital , Chaidari , Athens , Greece
| | - Vassilios Smyrniotis
- a 4th Department of Surgery, Athens University, Medical School, ATTIKON University Hospital , Chaidari , Athens , Greece
| | - Nikolaos Arkadopoulos
- a 4th Department of Surgery, Athens University, Medical School, ATTIKON University Hospital , Chaidari , Athens , Greece
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Mehrjerdi FZ, Aboutaleb N, Pazoki-Toroudi H, Soleimani M, Ajami M, Khaksari M, Safari F, Habibey R. The Protective Effect of Remote Renal Preconditioning Against Hippocampal Ischemia Reperfusion Injury: Role of KATP Channels. J Mol Neurosci 2015; 57:554-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-015-0636-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Dodecafluoropentane emulsion elicits cardiac protection against myocardial infarction through an ATP-Sensitive K+ channel dependent mechanism. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2015; 28:541-7. [PMID: 25319313 PMCID: PMC4260113 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-014-6557-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Dodecafluoropentane emulsion (DDFPe) is a perfluorocarbon with high oxygen dissolving, transport, and delivery capacity that may offer the potential to limit ischemic injury prior to clinical reperfusion. Here we investigated the cardiac protective potential of DDFPe in a mouse model of myocardial infarction. Methods Myocardial infarction was initiated by permanent ligation of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery. Mice were administered vehicle or 5-hydroxydecanoate (5-HD) intravenously 10 min before LAD occlusion followed by a single intravenous administration of vehicle or DDFPe immediately after occlusion. Heart tissue and serum samples were collected 24 after LAD occlusion for measurement of infarct size and cardiac troponin I (cTnI) levels, respectively. Results DDFPe treatment reduced infarct size by approximately 72 % (36.9 ± 4.2 % for vehicle vs 10.4 ± 2.3 % for DDFPe; p < 0.01; n = 6–8) at 24 h. Serum cTnI levels were similarly reduced by DDFPe (35.0 ± 4.6 ng/ml for vehicle vs 15.8 ± 1.6 ng/ml for DDFPe; p < 0.01; n = 6–8). Pretreatment with 5-HD, a mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channel (mitoKATP) inhibitor, blocked the reduction in infarct size (29.2 ± 4.4 % for 5-HD vs 35.4 ± 7.4 % for 5-HD+DDFPe; p = 0.48; n = 6–8) and serum cTnI levels (27.4 ± 5.1 ng/ml for 5-HD vs 34.6 ± 5.3 ng/ml for 5-HD+DDFPe; p = 0.86; n = 6–8) by DDFPe. Conclusion Our data indicate a cardiac protective role of DDFPe that persists beyond its retention time in the body and is dependent on mitoKATP, an important mediator of ischemic preconditioning induced cardiac protection.
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Thushara Vijayakumar N, Sangwan A, Sharma B, Majid A, Rajanikant GK. Cerebral Ischemic Preconditioning: the Road So Far…. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:2579-93. [PMID: 26081149 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9278-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral preconditioning constitutes the brain's adaptation to lethal ischemia when first exposed to mild doses of a subtoxic stressor. The phenomenon of preconditioning has been largely studied in the heart, and data from in vivo and in vitro models from past 2-3 decades have provided sufficient evidence that similar machinery exists in the brain as well. Since preconditioning results in a transient protective phenotype labeled as ischemic tolerance, it can open many doors in the medical warfare against stroke, a debilitating cerebrovascular disorder that kills or cripples thousands of people worldwide every year. Preconditioning can be induced by a variety of stimuli from hypoxia to pharmacological anesthetics, and each, in turn, induces tolerance by activating a multitude of proteins, enzymes, receptors, transcription factors, and other biomolecules eventually leading to genomic reprogramming. The intracellular signaling pathways and molecular cascades behind preconditioning are extensively being investigated, and several first-rate papers have come out in the last few years centered on the topic of cerebral ischemic tolerance. However, translating the experimental knowledge into the clinical scaffold still evades practicality and faces several challenges. Of the various preconditioning strategies, remote ischemic preconditioning and pharmacological preconditioning appears to be more clinically relevant for the management of ischemic stroke. In this review, we discuss current developments in the field of cerebral preconditioning and then examine the potential of various preconditioning agents to confer neuroprotection in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Thushara Vijayakumar
- School of Biotechnology, DBT-Centre for Bioinformatics, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Calicut, 673601, India
| | - Amit Sangwan
- School of Biotechnology, DBT-Centre for Bioinformatics, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Calicut, 673601, India
| | - Bhargy Sharma
- School of Biotechnology, DBT-Centre for Bioinformatics, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Calicut, 673601, India
| | - Arshad Majid
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - G K Rajanikant
- School of Biotechnology, DBT-Centre for Bioinformatics, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Calicut, 673601, India.
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Brandli A. Remote Limb Ischemic Preconditioning: A Neuroprotective Technique in Rodents. J Vis Exp 2015:e52213. [PMID: 26065365 DOI: 10.3791/52213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Sublethal ischemia protects tissues against subsequent, more severe ischemia through the upregulation of endogenous mechanisms in the affected tissue. Sublethal ischemia has also been shown to upregulate protective mechanisms in remote tissues. A brief period of ischemia (5-10 min) in the hind limb of mammals induces self-protective responses in the brain, lung, heart and retina. The effect is known as remote ischemic preconditioning (RIP). It is a therapeutically promising way of protecting vital organs, and is already under clinical trials for heart and brain injuries. This publication demonstrates a controlled, minimally invasive method of making a limb - specifically the hind limb of a rat - ischemic. A blood pressure cuff developed for use in human neonates is connected to a manual sphygmomanometer and used to apply 160 mmHg pressure around the upper part of the hind limb. A probe designed to detect skin temperature is used to verify the ischemia, by recording the drop in skin temperature caused by pressure-induced occlusion of the leg arteries, and the rise in temperature which follows release of the cuff. This method of RIP affords protection to the rat retina against bright light-induced damage and degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Brandli
- Discipline of Physiology and Bosch Institute, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney;
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Sisalli MJ, Annunziato L, Scorziello A. Novel Cellular Mechanisms for Neuroprotection in Ischemic Preconditioning: A View from Inside Organelles. Front Neurol 2015; 6:115. [PMID: 26074868 PMCID: PMC4443717 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2015.00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic preconditioning represents an important adaptation mechanism of CNS, which results in its increased tolerance to the lethal cerebral ischemia. The molecular mechanisms responsible for the induction and maintenance of ischemic tolerance in the brain are complex and not yet completely clarified. In the last 10 years, great attention has been devoted to unravel the intracellular pathways activated by preconditioning and responsible for the establishing of the tolerant phenotype. Indeed, recent papers have been published supporting the hypothesis that mitochondria might act as master regulators of preconditioning-triggered endogenous neuroprotection due to their ability to control cytosolic calcium homeostasis. More interestingly, the demonstration that functional alterations in the ability of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) managing calcium homeostasis during ischemia, opened a new line of research focused to the role played by mitochondria and ER cross-talk in the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia in order to identify new molecular mechanisms involved in the ischemic tolerance. In line with these findings and considering that the expression of the three isoforms of the sodium calcium exchanger (NCX), NCX1, NCX2, and NCX3, mainly responsible for the regulation of Ca2+ homeostasis, was reduced during cerebral ischemia, it was investigated whether these proteins might play a role in neuroprotection induced by ischemic tolerance. In this review, evidence supporting the involvement of ER and mitochondria interaction within the preconditioning paradigm will be provided. In particular, the key role played by NCXs in the regulation of Ca2+-homeostasis at the different subcellular compartments will be discussed as new molecular mechanism proposed for the establishing of ischemic tolerant phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Josè Sisalli
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Science, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples , Naples , Italy
| | - Lucio Annunziato
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Science, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples , Naples , Italy ; Fondazione IRCSS SDN , Naples , Italy
| | - Antonella Scorziello
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Science, School of Medicine, Federico II University of Naples , Naples , Italy
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Abstract
Preconditioning (PC) using a preceding sublethal ischemic insult is an attractive strategy for protecting neurons by inducing ischemic tolerance in the brain. Although the underlying molecular mechanisms have been extensively studied, almost all studies have focused on neurons. Here, using a middle cerebral artery occlusion model in mice, we show that astrocytes play an essential role in the induction of brain ischemic tolerance. PC caused activation of glial cells without producing any noticeable brain damage. The spatiotemporal pattern of astrocytic, but not microglial, activation correlated well with that of ischemic tolerance. Interestingly, such activation in astrocytes lasted at least 8 weeks. Importantly, inhibiting astrocytes with fluorocitrate abolished the induction of ischemic tolerance. To investigate the underlying mechanisms, we focused on the P2X7 receptor as a key molecule in astrocyte-mediated ischemic tolerance. P2X7 receptors were dramatically upregulated in activated astrocytes. PC-induced ischemic tolerance was abolished in P2X7 receptor knock-out mice. Moreover, our results suggest that hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, a well known mediator of ischemic tolerance, is involved in P2X7 receptor-mediated ischemic tolerance. Unlike previous reports focusing on neuron-based mechanisms, our results show that astrocytes play indispensable roles in inducing ischemic tolerance, and that upregulation of P2X7 receptors in astrocytes is essential.
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Kim DY, Abdelwahab MG, Lee SH, O’Neill D, Thompson RJ, Duff HJ, Sullivan PG, Rho JM. Ketones prevent oxidative impairment of hippocampal synaptic integrity through KATP channels. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119316. [PMID: 25848768 PMCID: PMC4388385 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary and metabolic therapies are increasingly being considered for a variety of neurological disorders, based in part on growing evidence for the neuroprotective properties of the ketogenic diet (KD) and ketones. Earlier, we demonstrated that ketones afford hippocampal synaptic protection against exogenous oxidative stress, but the mechanisms underlying these actions remain unclear. Recent studies have shown that ketones may modulate neuronal firing through interactions with ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels. Here, we used a combination of electrophysiological, pharmacological, and biochemical assays to determine whether hippocampal synaptic protection by ketones is a consequence of KATP channel activation. Ketones dose-dependently reversed oxidative impairment of hippocampal synaptic integrity, neuronal viability, and bioenergetic capacity, and this action was mirrored by the KATP channel activator diazoxide. Inhibition of KATP channels reversed ketone-evoked hippocampal protection, and genetic ablation of the inwardly rectifying K+ channel subunit Kir6.2, a critical component of KATP channels, partially negated the synaptic protection afforded by ketones. This partial protection was completely reversed by co-application of the KATP blocker, 5-hydoxydecanoate (5HD). We conclude that, under conditions of oxidative injury, ketones induce synaptic protection in part through activation of KATP channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Young Kim
- Departments of Neurology and Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph’s Hospital & Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Mohammed G. Abdelwahab
- Departments of Neurology and Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph’s Hospital & Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Soo Han Lee
- Departments of Neurology and Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph’s Hospital & Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Derek O’Neill
- Departments of Neurology and Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph’s Hospital & Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Roger J. Thompson
- Departments of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Henry J. Duff
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Patrick G. Sullivan
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Jong M. Rho
- Departments of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurosciences, Alberta Children’s Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Zhang XY, Zhang TT, Song DD, Zhou JH, Han R, Qin ZH, Sheng R. Endoplasmic reticulum chaperone GRP78 is involved in autophagy activation induced by ischemic preconditioning in neural cells. Mol Brain 2015; 8:20. [PMID: 25885223 PMCID: PMC4381498 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-015-0112-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Our previous finding showed that brain ischemic preconditioning mediates neuroprotection through endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced autophagy. This study was aimed at exploring the role of ER chaperone GRP78 in IPC induced autophagy activation in neural cells. Results Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) and oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) models were established in rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells and primary cultured murine cortical neurons. IPC exerted neuroprotection against subsequent OGD injury in both PC12 cells and primary cortical neurons. IPC increased GRP78 expression and activated autophagy, as evidenced by upregulated LC3 and Beclin1, increased autophagic flux and formation of autophagosomes. BAPTA(dibromo-1,2-bis(aminophenoxy)ethane N,N,N9,N9 - tetra acetic acid, 0.125-2 μM) and small interfering RNA targeted GRP78 abrogated IPC induced neuroprotection and decreased the expression of GRP78, LC3II/LC3I and Beclin1. In contrast, lentiviral vector mediated GRP78 overexpression (LV-GRP78) strengthened resistance of PC12 cells to OGD injury and increased LC3 and Beclin1 expression. Moreover, knockdown of GRP78 in stable GRP78 overexpressing PC12 cells abolished the upregulation of LC3II/LC3I. GRP78 might activate autophagy through AMPK - mTOR pathway. Conclusion These results suggest that IPC- induced GRP78 upregulation is involved in autophagy activation, and hence exerts protection against ischemic injury in neural cells. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13041-015-0112-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Yang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Soochow University School of Pharmaceutical Science, 199 Ren Ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Tong-Tong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Soochow University School of Pharmaceutical Science, 199 Ren Ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Dan-Dan Song
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Soochow University School of Pharmaceutical Science, 199 Ren Ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Jun- Hao Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Soochow University School of Pharmaceutical Science, 199 Ren Ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Rong Han
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Soochow University School of Pharmaceutical Science, 199 Ren Ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Zheng-Hong Qin
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Soochow University School of Pharmaceutical Science, 199 Ren Ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Rui Sheng
- Department of Pharmacology and Laboratory of Aging and Nervous Diseases, Soochow University School of Pharmaceutical Science, 199 Ren Ai Road, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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Simard JM, Sheth KN, Kimberly WT, Stern BJ, del Zoppo GJ, Jacobson S, Gerzanich V. Glibenclamide in cerebral ischemia and stroke. Neurocrit Care 2014; 20:319-33. [PMID: 24132564 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-013-9923-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The sulfonylurea receptor 1 (Sur1)-transient receptor potential 4 (Trpm4) channel is an important molecular element in focal cerebral ischemia. The channel is upregulated in all cells of the neurovascular unit following ischemia, and is linked to microvascular dysfunction that manifests as edema formation and secondary hemorrhage, which cause brain swelling. Activation of the channel is a major molecular mechanism of cytotoxic edema and "accidental necrotic cell death." Blockade of Sur1 using glibenclamide has been studied in different types of rat models of stroke: (i) in conventional non-lethal models (thromboembolic, 1-2 h temporary, or permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion), glibenclamide reduces brain swelling and infarct volume and improves neurological function; (ii) in lethal models of malignant cerebral edema, glibenclamide reduces edema, brain swelling, and mortality; (iii) in models with rtPA, glibenclamide reduces swelling, hemorrhagic transformation, and death. Retrospective studies of diabetic patients who present with stroke have shown that those whose diabetes is managed with a sulfonylurea drug and who are maintained on the sulfonylurea drug during hospitalization for stroke have better outcomes at discharge and are less likely to suffer hemorrhagic transformation. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the basic science, preclinical experiments, and retrospective clinical studies on glibenclamide in focal cerebral ischemia and stroke. We also compare the preclinical work in stroke models to the updated recommendations of the Stroke Therapy Academic Industry Roundtable (STAIR). The findings reviewed here provide a strong foundation for a translational research program to study glibenclamide in patients with ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Marc Simard
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 S. Greene St., Suite S12D, Baltimore, MD, 21201-1595, USA,
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The protective effect of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury is associated with PI3K/Akt pathway and ATP-sensitive potassium channels. Neurochem Res 2014; 40:1-14. [PMID: 25366463 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-014-1456-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), the cytochrome P450 epoxygenase metabolite of arachidonic acid, have been demonstrated to have neuroprotective effect. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels are thought to be important factors that mediate neuroprotection. However, little is known about the role of PI3K/Akt and KATP channels in brain after EETs administration. In vitro experiment, oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) was performed in cultured rat cerebral microvascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) for 4 h. The effect of 14,15-EET on OGD induced cell apoptosis was examined after reoxygenation. Western blot and real-time PCR were used to analyze the expression of Kir6.1, SUR2B (two subunits of KATP channels) and p-Akt on cerebral microvascular SMCs. In vivo experiments, we use 12-(3-adamantan-1-yl-ureido)-dodecanoic acid [AUDA, a specific soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitor] to confirm the effect of EETs indirectly. Rats were injected intraperitoneally with AUDA before being subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). We detected the apoptosis and the expression of p-Akt, Kir6.1 and SUR2B in ischemic penumbra. The results showed that EETs protect against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and upregulated the expression of p-Akt and Kir6.1 in both of ischemic penumbra and OGD induced cerebral microvascular SMCs. The protective effect was inhibited by Wortmannin (a specific PI3K inhibitor) and Glib (a specific KATP inhibitor) respectively in vitro experiment. In conclusion, these results suggested that the protective effect of EETs on cerebral I/R injury is associated with PI3K/Akt pathway and KATP channels. Furthermore, the PI3K pathway may contribute to mediating KATP channels on cerebral microvascular SMCs.
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Abstract
Decreased oxygen availability impairs cellular energy production and, without a coordinated and matched decrease in energy consumption, cellular and whole organism death rapidly ensues. Of particular interest are mechanisms that protect brain from low oxygen injury, as this organ is not only the most sensitive to hypoxia, but must also remain active and functional during low oxygen stress. As a result of natural selective pressures, some species have evolved molecular and physiological mechanisms to tolerate prolonged hypoxia with no apparent detriment. Among these mechanisms are a handful of responses that are essential for hypoxia tolerance, including (i) sensors that detect changes in oxygen availability and initiate protective responses; (ii) mechanisms of energy conservation; (iii) maintenance of basic brain function; and (iv) avoidance of catastrophic cell death cascades. As the study of hypoxia-tolerant brain progresses, it is becoming increasingly apparent that mitochondria play a central role in regulating all of these critical mechanisms. Furthermore, modulation of mitochondrial function to mimic endogenous neuroprotective mechanisms found in hypoxia-tolerant species confers protection against otherwise lethal hypoxic stresses in hypoxia-intolerant organs and organisms. Therefore, lessons gleaned from the investigation of endogenous mechanisms of hypoxia tolerance in hypoxia-tolerant organisms may provide insight into clinical pathologies related to low oxygen stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E. Pamenter
- Department of Zoology, The University of British Columbia, #4200-6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
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Cortés A, Gracia E, Moreno E, Mallol J, Lluís C, Canela EI, Casadó V. Moonlighting Adenosine Deaminase: A Target Protein for Drug Development. Med Res Rev 2014; 35:85-125. [DOI: 10.1002/med.21324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Cortés
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED); Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Faculty of Biology; University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Eduard Gracia
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED); Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Faculty of Biology; University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Estefania Moreno
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED); Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Faculty of Biology; University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Josefa Mallol
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED); Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Faculty of Biology; University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Carme Lluís
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED); Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Faculty of Biology; University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Enric I. Canela
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED); Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Faculty of Biology; University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Vicent Casadó
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED); Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB); Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Faculty of Biology; University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
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Hwang JK, Kim JM, Kim YK, Kim SD, Park SC, Kim JI, Nam HW, Kim J, Moon IS. The early protective effect of glutamine pretreatment and ischemia preconditioning in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury of rat. Transplant Proc 2014; 45:3203-8. [PMID: 24182785 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2013.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Revised: 07/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heat shock proteins (HSP) play an important role in protecting cells against stress. METHODS Using a rat model, we tested the hypothesis that pretreatment with glutamine (Gln) and ischemia preconditioning (IPC) increase the expression of HSP resulting in attenuation of renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into 4 groups [group I, Gln injection (+), IPC (+); group II, Gln injection (+), IPC (-); group III, saline injection (+), IPC (+); group IV, saline injection (+), IPC (-)]. Renal HSP70 expression was determined by Western blotting and kidney function was assessed by blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine. Renal cross-sections were microscopically examined for tubular necrosis, exfoliation of tubular epithelial cells, cast formation, and monocyte infiltration. RESULTS Gln pretreatment increased intrarenal HSP expression (P = .031). In group I, tubulointerstitial abnormalities were clearly slighter compared with the other groups (P < .001). CONCLUSION Our experiments suggest that (1) a single dose of Gln could induce HSP expression and (2) IPC could relieve renal I/R injury. In addition, IPC combined with Gln pretreatment had a synergic protective effect against renal I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Hwang
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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