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Corres-Mendizabal J, Zacchi F, Martín-Martín N, Mateo J, Carracedo A. Metastatic hormone-naïve prostate cancer: a distinct biological entity. Trends Cancer 2024:S2405-8033(24)00119-5. [PMID: 39048488 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2024.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Metastatic hormone-naïve prostate cancer (mHNPC) is often the initial form of presentation for metastatic prostate cancer and encompasses a heterogeneous patient population with high inter-patient heterogeneity in prognosis and response to therapy. A more precise treatment of mHNPC, guided by evidence-based biomarkers, remains an unmet medical need. In addition, the limited number of representative laboratory models of mHNPC hampers the translation of basic research into clinical applications. We provide a comprehensive overview of the clinical and biological features that characterize mHNPC, highlight molecular data that could explain the unique prognostic characteristics of mHNPC, and identify key open questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Corres-Mendizabal
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Francesca Zacchi
- Section of Innovation Biomedicine-Oncology Area, Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine (DIMI), University of Verona and University and Hospital Trust (AOUI) of Verona, Verona, Italy; Vall Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Martín-Martín
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160 Derio, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Translational Prostate Cancer Research Laboratory, CIC bioGUNE-Basurto, Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Joaquin Mateo
- Vall Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Arkaitz Carracedo
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160 Derio, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Translational Prostate Cancer Research Laboratory, CIC bioGUNE-Basurto, Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain; Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, Spain.
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2
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Lin SC, Yu G, Corn PG, Damasco J, Lee YC, Song JH, Navone NM, Logothetis CJ, Melancon MP, Panaretakis T, Lin SH. Radium-223 Treatment Produces Prolonged Suppression of Resident Osteoblasts and Decreased Bone Mineral Density in Trabecular Bone in Osteoblast Reporter Mice. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2603. [PMID: 39061241 PMCID: PMC11274981 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16142603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Radium 223 (Ra-223) is an α-emitting bone-homing radiopharmaceutical that targets tumor-induced osteoblasts and is used to reduce bone pain and prolong overall survival in men with bone-metastatic, castrate-resistant prostate cancer. However, increased fracture risk in skeletal sites with no bone metastasis has been observed in patients treated with Ra-223. Both luciferase- or green fluorescence protein (GFP)-labeled osteoblast reporter mice were used to monitor the effect of Ra-223 on resident osteoblasts and normal bone structure. Upon Ra-223 treatment, 70% of resident osteoblasts were reduced within 2 days, and the osteoblast reduction lasted for at least 18 weeks without detectable recovery, as measured by in vivo bioluminescent imaging. In GFP-labeled osteoblast reporter mice, Ra-223 mainly reduced osteoblasts localized in the trabecular bone areas; the osteoblasts in the growth plates were less affected. Micro-computed tomography analyses showed that Ra-223 significantly reduced bone mineral density and bone microstructure in the trabecular area of femurs but not in the cortical bone. Tumor-induced bone was generated by inoculating osteogenic TRAMP-BMP4 prostate cancer cells into the mouse femurs; Ra-223 treatment significantly reduced tumor-induced osteoblasts. Our study shows that Ra-223 affects bone structures that are not involved in bone metastasis. Strategies that improve bone health may reduce fracture risk in patients receiving Ra-223.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Chang Lin
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (S.-C.L.); (G.Y.); (Y.-C.L.)
| | - Guoyu Yu
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (S.-C.L.); (G.Y.); (Y.-C.L.)
| | - Paul G. Corn
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (P.G.C.); (J.H.S.); (N.M.N.); (C.J.L.)
| | - Jossana Damasco
- Department of Interventional Radiology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (J.D.); (M.P.M.)
| | - Yu-Chen Lee
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (S.-C.L.); (G.Y.); (Y.-C.L.)
| | - Jian H. Song
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (P.G.C.); (J.H.S.); (N.M.N.); (C.J.L.)
| | - Nora M. Navone
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (P.G.C.); (J.H.S.); (N.M.N.); (C.J.L.)
| | - Christopher J. Logothetis
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (P.G.C.); (J.H.S.); (N.M.N.); (C.J.L.)
| | - Marites P. Melancon
- Department of Interventional Radiology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (J.D.); (M.P.M.)
- UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Theocharis Panaretakis
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (P.G.C.); (J.H.S.); (N.M.N.); (C.J.L.)
| | - Sue-Hwa Lin
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (S.-C.L.); (G.Y.); (Y.-C.L.)
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (P.G.C.); (J.H.S.); (N.M.N.); (C.J.L.)
- UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Kaushal JB, Takkar S, Batra SK, Siddiqui JA. Diverse landscape of genetically engineered mouse models: Genomic and molecular insights into prostate cancer. Cancer Lett 2024; 593:216954. [PMID: 38735382 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a significant health concern for men worldwide and is particularly prevalent in the United States. It is a complex disease presenting different molecular subtypes and varying degrees of aggressiveness. Transgenic/genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) greatly enhanced our understanding of the intricate molecular processes that underlie PCa progression and have offered valuable insights into potential therapeutic targets for this disease. The integration of whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing, along with expression profiling, has played a pivotal role in advancing GEMMs by facilitating the identification of genetic alterations driving PCa development. This review focuses on genetically modified mice classified into the first and second generations of PCa models. We summarize whether models created by manipulating the function of specific genes replicate the consequences of genomic alterations observed in human PCa, including early and later disease stages. We discuss cases where GEMMs did not fully exhibit the expected human PCa phenotypes and possible causes of the failure. Here, we summarize the comprehensive understanding, recent advances, strengths and limitations of the GEMMs in advancing our insights into PCa, offering genetic and molecular perspectives for developing novel GEMM models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti B Kaushal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA
| | - Simran Takkar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA; Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA.
| | - Jawed A Siddiqui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE-68198, USA.
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Wang D, Du G, Chen X, Wang J, Liu K, Zhao H, Cheng C, He Y, Jing N, Xu P, Bao W, Xi X, Zhang Y, Wang N, Liu Y, Sun Y, Zhang K, Zhang P, Gao WQ, Zhu HH. Zeb1-controlled metabolic plasticity enables remodeling of chromatin accessibility in the development of neuroendocrine prostate cancer. Cell Death Differ 2024; 31:779-791. [PMID: 38654072 PMCID: PMC11164927 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-024-01295-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell plasticity has been found to play a critical role in tumor progression and therapy resistance. However, our understanding of the characteristics and markers of plastic cellular states during cancer cell lineage transition remains limited. In this study, multi-omics analyses show that prostate cancer cells undergo an intermediate state marked by Zeb1 expression with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), stemness, and neuroendocrine features during the development of neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC). Organoid-formation assays and in vivo lineage tracing experiments demonstrate that Zeb1+ epithelioid cells are putative cells of origin for NEPC. Mechanistically, Zeb1 transcriptionally regulates the expression of several key glycolytic enzymes, thereby predisposing tumor cells to utilize glycolysis for energy metabolism. During this process, lactate accumulation-mediated histone lactylation enhances chromatin accessibility and cellular plasticity including induction of neuro-gene expression, which promotes NEPC development. Collectively, Zeb1-driven metabolic rewiring enables the epigenetic reprogramming of prostate cancer cells to license the adeno-to-neuroendocrine lineage transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center & Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai, 200127, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Genyu Du
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center & Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Xinyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center & Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Jinming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center & Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Kaiyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center & Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Huifang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center & Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Chaping Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center & Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yuman He
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center & Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Na Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center & Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai, 200127, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Penghui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center & Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai, 200127, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Wei Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center & Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Xialian Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center & Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yingchao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center & Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Nan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center & Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yiyun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center & Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yujiao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center & Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center & Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Pengcheng Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Wei-Qiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center & Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai, 200127, China.
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Med-X Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Helen He Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Renji-Med-X Stem Cell Research Center & Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai, 200127, China.
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Li L, Cheng S, Yeh Y, Shi Y, Henderson N, Price D, Gu X, Yu X. The expression of PKM1 and PKM2 in developing, benign, and cancerous prostatic tissues. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1392085. [PMID: 38680860 PMCID: PMC11045992 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1392085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPCa) is the most aggressive type of prostate cancer (PCa). However, energy metabolism, one of the hallmarks of cancer, in NEPCa has not been well studied. Pyruvate kinase M (PKM), which catalyzes the final step of glycolysis, has two main splicing isoforms, PKM1 and PKM2. The expression pattern of PKM1 and PKM2 in NEPCa remains unknown. Methods In this study, we used immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence staining, and bioinformatics analysis to examine the expression of PKM1 and PKM2 in mouse and human prostatic tissues. Results We found that PKM2 was the predominant isoform expressed throughout prostate development and PCa progression, with slightly reduced expression in murine NEPCa. PKM1 was mostly expressed in stromal cells but low-level PKM1 was also detected in prostate basal epithelial cells. Its expression was absent in the majority of prostate adenocarcinoma (AdPCa) specimens but present in a subset of NEPCa. Additionally, we evaluated the mRNA levels of ten PKM isoforms that express exon 9 (PKM1-like) or exon 10 (PKM2-like). Some of these isoforms showed notable expression levels in PCa cell lines and human PCa specimens. Discussion Our study characterized the expression pattern of PKM1 and PKM2 in prostatic tissues including developing, benign, and cancerous prostate. These findings lay the groundwork for understanding the metabolic changes in different PCa subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSU Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, LSU Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Siyuan Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSU Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, LSU Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Yunshin Yeh
- Pathology & Laboratory Medicine Service, Overton Brooks VA Medical Center, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Yingli Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSU Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, LSU Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Nikayla Henderson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSU Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - David Price
- Department of Urology, LSU Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Xin Gu
- Department of Pathology, LSU Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Xiuping Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSU Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, LSU Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
- Department of Urology, LSU Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
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de Kouchkovsky I, Chan E, Schloss C, Poehlein C, Aggarwal R. Diagnosis and management of neuroendocrine prostate cancer. Prostate 2024; 84:426-440. [PMID: 38173302 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although most patients with prostate cancer (PC) respond to initial androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), castration-resistant disease invariably develops. Progression to treatment-emergent neuroendocrine PC (t-NEPC) represents a unique mechanism of resistance to androgen receptor (AR)-targeted therapy in which lineage plasticity and neuroendocrine differentiation induce a phenotypic switch from an AR-driven adenocarcinoma to an AR-independent NEPC. t-NEPC is characterized by an aggressive clinical course, increased resistance to AR-targeted therapies, and a poor overall prognosis. METHODS This review provides an overview of our current knowledge of NEPC, with a focus on the unmet needs, diagnosis, and clinical management of t-NEPC. RESULTS Evidence extrapolated from the literature on small cell lung cancer or data from metastatic castration-resistant PC (mCRPC) cohorts enriched for t-NEPC suggests an increased sensitivity to platinum-based chemotherapy. However, optimal strategies for managing t-NEPC have not been established, and prospective clinical trial data are limited. Intertumoral heterogeneity within a given patient, as well as the lack of robust molecular or clinical biomarkers for early detection, often lead to delays in diagnosis and prolonged treatment with suboptimal strategies (i.e., conventional chemohormonal therapies for mCRPC), which may further contribute to poor outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Recent advances in genomic and molecular classification of NEPC and the development of novel biomarkers may facilitate an early diagnosis, help to identify promising therapeutic targets, and improve the selection of patients most likely to benefit from NEPC-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan de Kouchkovsky
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Emily Chan
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | | | - Rahul Aggarwal
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Fischetti I, Botti L, Sulsenti R, Cancila V, Enriquez C, Ferri R, Bregni M, Crivelli F, Tripodo C, Colombo MP, Jachetti E. Combined therapy targeting AR and EZH2 curbs castration-resistant prostate cancer enhancing anti-tumor T-cell response. Epigenomics 2024; 16:653-670. [PMID: 38530086 PMCID: PMC11160446 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2023-0374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) eventually becomes resistant to androgen receptor pathway inhibitors like enzalutamide. Immunotherapy also fails in CRPC. We propose a new approach to simultaneously revert enzalutamide resistance and rewire anti-tumor immunity. Methods: We investigated in vitro and in subcutaneous and spontaneous mouse models the effects of combining enzalutamide and GSK-126, a drug inhibiting the epigenetic modulator EZH2. Results: Enzalutamide and GSK-126 synergized to reduce CRPC growth, also restraining tumor neuroendocrine differentiation. The anti-tumor activity was lost in immunodeficient mice. Indeed, the combination treatment awoke cytotoxic activity and IFN-γ production of tumor-specific CD8+ T lymphocytes. Conclusion: These results promote the combination of enzalutamide and GSK-126 in CRPC, also offering new avenues for immunotherapy in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Fischetti
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Botti
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Sulsenti
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Cancila
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Claudia Enriquez
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Renata Ferri
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Claudio Tripodo
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Health Sciences, University of Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario P. Colombo
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Jachetti
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Experimental Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Danahy L, Long C, Hofmann TJ, Tara Z, Mark J, Roizen JD. Dietary vitamin D is a novel modulator of tumor engraftment through regulation of GC protein abundance. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3911213. [PMID: 38410461 PMCID: PMC10896394 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3911213/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
The vitamin D binding protein, the GC protein, is a multifunctional protein that binds circulating vitamin D and also increases macrophage killing of tumor cells. Injecting exogenous GC protein concurrent with experimental tumor implant decreases tumor engraftment rate. Until now serum abundance of this protein was thought to be controlled by estrogen, glucocorticoids and inflammatory cytokines, but, not by vitamin D itself(1, 2). Nonetheless, increasing dietary vitamin D is thought to increase serum vitamin D, which is 98% bound by the GC protein. Based on the protection that excess GC protein offers we sought to determine if decreased GC protein abundance might decrease tumor immunity. Relatedly, we theorized, by contrast to the current model, that dietary vitamin D might affect serum abundance of GC protein. If exogenous vitamin D alters available GC levels, then this effect might indicate a novel pathway by which vitamin D enhances immunity. To examine these possibilities, we examined the effect of GC protein absence on tumor persistence or engraftment on two different and common tumor types (prostate cancer and breast cancer). We further examined the relationship between dietary vitamin D and serum GC abundance. We found that absence of GC protein allowed significantly more engraftment of breast tumor cells in female mice and of prostate tumor cells in male mice. Further, we found a U-shaped response of serum GC protein to dietary vitamin D dosage as well as to serum vitamin D, indicating the potential benefit of high exogenous doses to enhance immunity and reduce tumor burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lo Danahy
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
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Li L, Cheng S, Yeh Y, Shi Y, Henderson N, Price D, Gu X, Yu X. The expression of PKM1 and PKM2 in developing, benign, and cancerous prostatic tissues. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.09.27.559832. [PMID: 38260443 PMCID: PMC10802256 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.27.559832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPCa) is the most aggressive type of prostate cancer. However, energy metabolism, one of the hallmarks of cancer, in NEPCa has not been well studied. Pyruvate kinase M (PKM), which catalyzes the final step of glycolysis, has two main splicing isoforms, PKM1 and PKM2. PKM2 is known to be upregulated in various cancers, including prostate adenocarcinoma (AdPCa). In this study, we used immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence staining, and bioinformatic analysis to examine the expression of PKM1 and PKM2 in mouse and human prostatic tissues, including developing, benign and cancerous prostate. We found that PKM2 was the predominant isoform expressed throughout prostate development and PCa progression, with slightly reduced expression in some NEPCa samples. PKM1 was mostly expressed in stromal cells but low-level PKM1 was also detected in prostate basal epithelial cells. Its expression was absent in the majority of PCa specimens but present in a subset of NEPCa. Additionally, we evaluated the mRNA levels of ten PKM isoforms that express exon 9 (PKM1-like) or exon 10 (PKM2-like). Some of these isoforms showed notable expression levels in PCa cell lines and human PCa specimens. These findings lay the groundwork for understanding PKMs' role in PCa carcinogenesis and NEPCa progression. The distinct expression pattern of PKM isoforms in different PCa subtypes may offer insights into potential therapeutic strategies for treating PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular biology, LSU Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, LSU Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA
| | - Siyuan Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular biology, LSU Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, LSU Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA
| | - Yunshin Yeh
- Pathology & Laboratory Medicine Service, Overton Brooks VA Medical Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Yingli Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular biology, LSU Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, LSU Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA
| | - Nikayla Henderson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular biology, LSU Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA
| | - David Price
- Department of Urology, LSU Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA
| | - Xin Gu
- Department of Pathology, LSU Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA
| | - Xiuping Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular biology, LSU Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, LSU Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA
- Department of Urology, LSU Health Sciences Center at Shreveport, Shreveport, LA
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10
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Xu H, Jia Z, Liu F, Li J, Huang Y, Jiang Y, Pu P, Shang T, Tang P, Zhou Y, Yang Y, Su J, Liu J. Biomarkers and experimental models for cancer immunology investigation. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e437. [PMID: 38045830 PMCID: PMC10693314 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid advancement of tumor immunotherapies poses challenges for the tools used in cancer immunology research, highlighting the need for highly effective biomarkers and reproducible experimental models. Current immunotherapy biomarkers encompass surface protein markers such as PD-L1, genetic features such as microsatellite instability, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, and biomarkers in liquid biopsy such as circulating tumor DNAs. Experimental models, ranging from 3D in vitro cultures (spheroids, submerged models, air-liquid interface models, organ-on-a-chips) to advanced 3D bioprinting techniques, have emerged as valuable platforms for cancer immunology investigations and immunotherapy biomarker research. By preserving native immune components or coculturing with exogenous immune cells, these models replicate the tumor microenvironment in vitro. Animal models like syngeneic models, genetically engineered models, and patient-derived xenografts provide opportunities to study in vivo tumor-immune interactions. Humanized animal models further enable the simulation of the human-specific tumor microenvironment. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the advantages, limitations, and prospects of different biomarkers and experimental models, specifically focusing on the role of biomarkers in predicting immunotherapy outcomes and the ability of experimental models to replicate the tumor microenvironment. By integrating cutting-edge biomarkers and experimental models, this review serves as a valuable resource for accessing the forefront of cancer immunology investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular OncologyNational Cancer Center /National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- Eight‐year MD ProgramSchool of Clinical Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Ziqi Jia
- Department of Breast Surgical OncologyNational Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Fengshuo Liu
- Eight‐year MD ProgramSchool of Clinical Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Jiayi Li
- Eight‐year MD ProgramSchool of Clinical Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- Department of Breast Surgical OncologyNational Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Yansong Huang
- Eight‐year MD ProgramSchool of Clinical Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- Department of Breast Surgical OncologyNational Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Yiwen Jiang
- Eight‐year MD ProgramSchool of Clinical Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Pengming Pu
- Eight‐year MD ProgramSchool of Clinical Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Tongxuan Shang
- Eight‐year MD ProgramSchool of Clinical Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Pengrui Tang
- Eight‐year MD ProgramSchool of Clinical Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Yongxin Zhou
- Eight‐year MD ProgramSchool of Clinical Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Yufan Yang
- School of MedicineTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jianzhong Su
- Oujiang LaboratoryZhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision, and Brain HealthWenzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular OncologyNational Cancer Center /National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
- Department of Breast Surgical OncologyNational Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
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11
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Di Carlo SE, Raffenne J, Varet H, Ode A, Granados DC, Stein M, Legendre R, Tuckermann J, Bousquet C, Peduto L. Depletion of slow-cycling PDGFRα +ADAM12 + mesenchymal cells promotes antitumor immunity by restricting macrophage efferocytosis. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:1867-1878. [PMID: 37798557 PMCID: PMC10602852 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01642-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
The capacity to survive and thrive in conditions of limited resources and high inflammation is a major driver of tumor malignancy. Here we identified slow-cycling ADAM12+PDGFRα+ mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) induced at the tumor margins in mouse models of melanoma, pancreatic cancer and prostate cancer. Using inducible lineage tracing and transcriptomics, we demonstrated that metabolically altered ADAM12+ MSCs induced pathological angiogenesis and immunosuppression by promoting macrophage efferocytosis and polarization through overexpression of genes such as Gas6, Lgals3 and Csf1. Genetic depletion of ADAM12+ cells restored a functional tumor vasculature, reduced hypoxia and acidosis and normalized CAFs, inducing infiltration of effector T cells and growth inhibition of melanomas and pancreatic neuroendocrine cancer, in a process dependent on TGF-β. In human cancer, ADAM12 stratifies patients with high levels of hypoxia and innate resistance mechanisms, as well as factors associated with a poor prognosis and drug resistance such as AXL. Altogether, our data show that depletion of tumor-induced slow-cycling PDGFRα+ MSCs through ADAM12 restores antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selene E Di Carlo
- Stroma, Inflammation & Tissue Repair Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1224, Paris, France
| | - Jerome Raffenne
- INSERM U1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France
| | - Hugo Varet
- Transcriptome and Epigenome Platform-Biomics Pole, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Anais Ode
- Stroma, Inflammation & Tissue Repair Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1224, Paris, France
| | - David Cabrerizo Granados
- Stroma, Inflammation & Tissue Repair Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1224, Paris, France
- Laboratory for Disease Mechanisms in Cancer, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Merle Stein
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Rachel Legendre
- Transcriptome and Epigenome Platform-Biomics Pole, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jan Tuckermann
- Institute of Comparative Molecular Endocrinology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Corinne Bousquet
- INSERM U1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France
| | - Lucie Peduto
- Stroma, Inflammation & Tissue Repair Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1224, Paris, France.
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12
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Dakir EH, Gajate C, Mollinedo F. Antitumor activity of alkylphospholipid edelfosine in prostate cancer models and endoplasmic reticulum targeting. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115436. [PMID: 37683591 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most frequent cancer and the fifth leading cause of cancer death among men worldwide. While the five-year survival in local and regional prostate cancer is higher than 99%, it falls to about 28% in advanced metastatic prostate cancer. The ether lipid edelfosine is considered the prototype of a family of promising antitumor drugs collectively named as alkylphospholipid analogs. Here, we found that edelfosine was the most potent alkylphospholipid analog in inducing apoptosis in three different human prostate cancer cell lines (LNCaP, PC3, and DU145) with distinct androgen dependency, and differing in tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and p53 status. Edelfosine accumulated in the endoplasmic reticulum of prostate cancer cells, leading to endoplasmic reticulum stress and cell death in the three prostate cancer cells. Inhibition of autophagy potentiated the pro-apoptotic activity of edelfosine in LNCaP and PC3 cells, where autophagy was induced as a survival response. Edelfosine induced a slight and transient inhibition of AKT in PTEN-negative LNCaP and PC3 cells, but not in PTEN-positive DU145 cells. Daily oral administration of edelfosine in murine prostate restricted AKT kinase transgenic mice, expressing active AKT in a prostate-specific manner, and in a DU145 xenograft mouse model resulted in significant tumor regression and apoptosis in tumor cells. Taken together, these results show a significant in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity of edelfosine against prostate cancer, and highlight the endoplasmic reticulum as a novel and promising therapeutic target in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- El-Habib Dakir
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain; Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, Riga, Latvia.
| | - Consuelo Gajate
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain; Laboratory of Cell Death and Cancer Therapy, Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas - Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Faustino Mollinedo
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, CSIC-Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, E-37007 Salamanca, Spain; Laboratory of Cell Death and Cancer Therapy, Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas - Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Ramiro de Maeztu 9, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.
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13
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Thomsen MK, Busk M. Pre-Clinical Models to Study Human Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4212. [PMID: 37686488 PMCID: PMC10486646 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15174212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a common cancer among men and typically progresses slowly for several decades before becoming aggressive and spreading to other organs, leaving few treatment options. While large animals have been studied, the dog's prostate is anatomically similar to humans and has been used to study spontaneous prostate cancer. However, most research currently focuses on the mouse as a model organism due to the ability to genetically modify their prostatic tissues for molecular analysis. One milestone in this research was the identification of the prostate-specific promoter Probasin, which allowed for the prostate-specific expression of transgenes. This has led to the generation of mice with aggressive prostatic tumors through overexpression of the SV40 oncogene. The Probasin promoter is also used to drive Cre expression and has allowed researchers to generate prostate-specific loss-of-function studies. Another landmark moment in the process of modeling prostate cancer in mice was the orthoptic delivery of viral particles. This technology allows the selective overexpression of oncogenes from lentivirus or the use of CRISPR to generate complex loss-of-function studies. These genetically modified models are complemented by classical xenografts of human prostate tumor cells in immune-deficient mice. Overall, pre-clinical models have provided a portfolio of model systems to study and address complex mechanisms in prostate cancer for improved treatment options. This review will focus on the advances in each technique.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Morten Busk
- Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark;
- Danish Centre for Particle Therapy, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
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14
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Montico F, Lamas CDA, Rossetto IMU, Baseggio AM, Cagnon VHA. Lobe-specific responses of TRAMP mice dorsolateral prostate following celecoxib and nintedanib therapy. J Mol Histol 2023; 54:379-403. [PMID: 37335420 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-023-10130-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Delayed cancer progression in the ventral prostate of the Transgenic Adenocarcinoma of the Mouse Prostate (TRAMP) model has been previously reported upon celecoxib and nintedanib co-administration. Herein, we sought to further investigate the effects of these drugs association in some of their direct molecular targets (COX-2, VEGF and VEGFR-2) and in reactive stroma markers (TGF-β, αSMA, vimentin and pro-collagen 1) in the dorsolateral prostate, looking for lobe-specific responses. Male TRAMP mice were treated with celecoxib (10 mg/Kg, i.o.) and/or nintedanib (15 mg/Kg, i.o.) for 6 weeks and prostate was harvested for morphological and protein expression analyses. Results showed that combined therapy resulted in unique antitumor effects in dorsolateral prostate, especially due to the respective stromal or epithelial antiproliferative actions of these drugs, which altogether led to a complete inversion in high-grade (HGPIN) versus low-grade (LGPIN) premalignant lesion incidences in relation to controls. At the molecular level, this duality in drug action was paralleled by the differential down/upregulation of TGF-β signaling by celecoxib/nintedanib, thus leading to associated changes in stroma composition towards regression or quiescence, respectively. Additionally, combined therapy was able to promote decreased expression of inflammatory (COX-2) and angiogenesis (VEGF/VEGFR-2) mediators. Overall, celecoxib and nintedanib association provided enhanced antitumor effects in TRAMP dorsolateral as compared to former registers in ventral prostate, thus demonstrating lobe-specific responses of this combined chemoprevention approach. Among these responses, we highlight the ability in promoting TGF-β signaling and its associated stromal maturation/stabilization, thus yielding a more quiescent stromal milieu and resulting in greater epithelial proliferation impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Montico
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Bertrand Russell Avenue, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-865, Brazil.
| | - Celina de Almeida Lamas
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Bertrand Russell Avenue, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-865, Brazil
| | - Isabela Maria Urra Rossetto
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Bertrand Russell Avenue, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-865, Brazil
| | - Andressa Mara Baseggio
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-852, Brazil
| | - Valéria Helena Alves Cagnon
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Bertrand Russell Avenue, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-865, Brazil
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15
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Wan L, Thomas-Ahner JM, Pearl DK, Erdman JW, Moran NE, Clinton SK. Orchestration of miRNA Patterns by Testosterone and Dietary Tomato Carotenoids during Early Prostate Carcinogenesis in TRAMP Mice. J Nutr 2023; 153:1877-1888. [PMID: 37187350 PMCID: PMC10375503 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The integrative effects of prostate cancer risk factors, such as diet and endocrine status, on cancer-associated miRNA expression are poorly defined. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to define the influence of androgens and diet (tomato and lycopene) on prostatic miRNA expression during early carcinogenesis in the transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) model. METHODS Wild type (WT) and TRAMP mice were fed control, tomato-containing, or lycopene-containing diets from 4 to 10 weeks of age. Mice underwent either sham (intact) or castration surgery at 8 wk, and half of the castrated mice received testosterone (2.5 mg/kg body weight/d) at 9 wk. Mice were killed at 10 wk, and dorsolateral prostate expression of 602 miRNAs was assessed. RESULTS We detected expression of 88 miRNAs (15% of 602), all of which were present in the TRAMP, in comparison with 49 miRNAs being detectable (8%) in WT. Expression of 61 miRNAs differed by TRAMP genotype, with the majority upregulated in TRAMP. Of the 61 miRNAs, 42 were responsive to androgen status. Diet affected 41% of the miRNAs, which differed by genotype (25/61) and 48% of the androgen-sensitive miRNAs (20/42), indicating overlapping genetic and dietary influences on prostate miRNAs. Tomato and lycopene feeding influenced miRNAs previously associated with the regulation of androgen (miR-145 and let-7), MAPK (miR-106a, 204, 145/143, and 200b/c), and p53 signaling (miR-125 and miR-98) pathways. CONCLUSIONS Expression of miRNAs in early prostate carcinogenesis is sensitive to genetic, endocrine, and diet drivers, suggesting novel mechanisms by which tomato and lycopene feeding modulate early prostate carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wan
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA; Interdisciplinary Nutrition Program
| | | | - Dennis K Pearl
- Department of Statistics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - John W Erdman
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Nancy E Moran
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA; USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Steven K Clinton
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA; Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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16
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Imamura J, Ganguly S, Muskara A, Liao RS, Nguyen JK, Weight C, Wee CE, Gupta S, Mian OY. Lineage plasticity and treatment resistance in prostate cancer: the intersection of genetics, epigenetics, and evolution. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1191311. [PMID: 37455903 PMCID: PMC10349394 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1191311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Androgen deprivation therapy is a cornerstone of treatment for advanced prostate cancer, and the development of castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is the primary cause of prostate cancer-related mortality. While CRPC typically develops through a gain in androgen receptor (AR) signaling, a subset of CRPC will lose reliance on the AR. This process involves genetic, epigenetic, and hormonal changes that promote cellular plasticity, leading to AR-indifferent disease, with neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) being the quintessential example. NEPC is enriched following treatment with second-generation anti-androgens and exhibits resistance to endocrine therapy. Loss of RB1, TP53, and PTEN expression and MYCN and AURKA amplification appear to be key drivers for NEPC differentiation. Epigenetic modifications also play an important role in the transition to a neuroendocrine phenotype. DNA methylation of specific gene promoters can regulate lineage commitment and differentiation. Histone methylation can suppress AR expression and promote neuroendocrine-specific gene expression. Emerging data suggest that EZH2 is a key regulator of this epigenetic rewiring. Several mechanisms drive AR-dependent castration resistance, notably AR splice variant expression, expression of the adrenal-permissive 3βHSD1 allele, and glucocorticoid receptor expression. Aberrant epigenetic regulation also promotes radioresistance by altering the expression of DNA repair- and cell cycle-related genes. Novel therapies are currently being developed to target these diverse genetic, epigenetic, and hormonal mechanisms promoting lineage plasticity-driven NEPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarrell Imamura
- Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Shinjini Ganguly
- Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Andrew Muskara
- Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Ross S. Liao
- Glickman Urologic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Jane K. Nguyen
- Glickman Urologic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Pathology, Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Christopher Weight
- Glickman Urologic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Christopher E. Wee
- Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Shilpa Gupta
- Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Omar Y. Mian
- Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
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17
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Viscidi RP, Rowley T, Bossis I. Bioengineered Bovine Papillomavirus L1 Protein Virus-like Particle (VLP) Vaccines for Enhanced Induction of CD8 T Cell Responses through Cross-Priming. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9851. [PMID: 37372999 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Safe and effective T cell vaccines are needed for the treatment or prevention of cancers as well as infectious agents where vaccines for neutralizing antibodies have performed poorly. Recent research highlights an important role for tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM cells) in protective immunity and the role of a subset of dendritic cells that are capable of cross-priming for the induction of TRM cells. However, efficient vaccine technologies that operate through cross-priming and induce robust CD8+ T cell responses are lacking. We developed a platform technology by genetically engineering the bovine papillomavirus L1 major capsid protein to insert a polyglutamic acid/cysteine motif in place of wild-type amino acids in the HI loop. Virus-like particles (VLPs) are formed by self-assembly in insect cells infected with a recombinant baculovirus. Polyarginine/cysteine-tagged antigens are linked to the VLP by a reversible disulfide bond. The VLP possesses self-adjuvanting properties due to the immunostimulatory activity of papillomavirus VLPs. Polyionic VLP vaccines induce robust CD8+ T cell responses in peripheral blood and tumor tissues. A prostate cancer polyionic VLP vaccine was more efficacious than other vaccines and immunotherapies for the treatment of prostate cancer in a physiologically relevant murine model and successfully treated more advanced diseases than the less efficacious technologies. The immunogenicity of polyionic VLP vaccines is dependent on particle size, reversible linkage of the antigen to the VLP, and an interferon type 1 and Toll-like receptor (TLR)3/7-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael P Viscidi
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Treva Rowley
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Ioannis Bossis
- Department of Animal Production, School of Agricultural Sciences, Forestry & Natural Resources, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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18
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Pitzen SP, Dehm SM. Basal epithelial cells in prostate development, tumorigenesis, and cancer progression. Cell Cycle 2023; 22:1303-1318. [PMID: 37098827 PMCID: PMC10228417 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2023.2206502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The prostate epithelium is composed of two predominant cell populations: luminal and basal epithelial cells. Luminal cells have a secretory function that supports male fertility while basal cells function in regeneration and maintenance of epithelial tissue. Recent studies in humans and mice have expanded our knowledge of the role and regulation of luminal and basal cells in prostate organogenesis, development, and homeostasis. The insights from healthy prostate biology can inform studies focused on the origins of prostate cancer, progression of the disease, and development of resistance to targeted hormonal therapies. In this review, we discuss a critical role for basal cells in the development and maintenance of healthy prostate tissue. Additionally, we provide evidence supporting a role for basal cells in oncogenesis and therapeutic resistance mechanisms of prostate cancer. Finally, we describe basal cell regulators that may promote lineage plasticity and basal cell identity in prostate cancers that have developed therapeutic resistance. These regulators could serve as therapeutic targets to inhibit or delay resistance and thereby improve outcomes for prostate cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel P. Pitzen
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Graduate Program in Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology and Genetics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Scott M. Dehm
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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19
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Shanker EM, Beck AP. If you give a mouse a mutation: comparing the therapeutic utility of renowned mouse models of human cancers. J Comp Pathol 2023; 203:26-30. [PMID: 37236009 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2023.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Cancers of the breast, prostate and intestinal tract account for most cancer-associated deaths in humans and represent several of the highest incidence human neoplasms. Therefore, understanding the underlying pathophysiology, including the formation and propagation of these cancers, is key to designing potential treatments. Over the last 50 years or more, genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) have been instrumental platforms to our discovery of neoplastic disease as many follow near-identical molecular and histological progression as human tumours. In this mini review, we summarize three key preclinical models and focus on some of the major findings in relation to clinical care. We discuss the MMTV-PyMT (polyomavirus middle T antigen) mouse, TRAMP (transgenic adenocarcinoma mouse prostate) mouse and APCMin (multiple intestinal neoplasm mutation of APC gene) mouse, which mimic breast, prostate and intestinal cancers, respectively. We aim to describe the significant contributions these GEMMs have made to our collective understanding of high-incidence cancers as well as briefly discuss the limitations of each model as a device for therapeutic discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elayna M Shanker
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, New York Medical College, 40 Sunshine Cottage Rd, Valhalla, New York 10595, USA.
| | - Amanda P Beck
- Office of Undergraduate Medical Education, School of Medicine, New York Medical College, 40 Sunshine Cottage Rd, Valhalla, New York 10595, USA
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20
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Natali PG, Piantelli M, Minacori M, Eufemi M, Imberti L. Improving Whole Tomato Transformation for Prostate Health: Benign Prostate Hypertrophy as an Exploratory Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065795. [PMID: 36982868 PMCID: PMC10055130 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well-established that the beneficial properties of single phytonutrients can be better attained when they are taken with the complex of the molecules present in their natural milieu. Tomato, the fruit providing the most comprehensive complex of prostate-health-preserving micronutrients, has been shown to be superior to its single-nutrient counterparts in decreasing the incidence of age-related prostate diseases. Herein, we describe a novel tomato food supplement enriched with olive polyphenols, containing cis-lycopene concentrations far exceeding those present in industry-produced tomato commodities. The supplement, endowed with antioxidant activity comparable to that of N-acetylcysteine, significantly reduced, in experimental animals, the blood levels of prostate-cancer-promoting cytokines. In prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled studies performed on patients affected by benign prostatic hyperplasia, its uptake significantly improved urinary symptoms and quality of life. Therefore, this supplement can complement and, in some cases, be an alternative to current benign prostatic hyperplasia management. Furthermore, the product suppressed carcinogenesis in the TRAMP mouse model of human prostate cancer and interfered with prostate cancer molecular signaling. Thus, it may offer a step forward in exploring the potential of tomato consumption to delay or prevent the onset of age-related prostate diseases in high-risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pier Giorgio Natali
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), G. D'Annunzio University, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Mauro Piantelli
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), G. D'Annunzio University, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Marco Minacori
- Department of Biochemical Science "A. Rossi Fanelli", Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, "La Sapienza" University of Rome, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Margherita Eufemi
- Department of Biochemical Science "A. Rossi Fanelli", Faculty of Pharmacy and Medicine, "La Sapienza" University of Rome, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Luisa Imberti
- Section of Microbiology, University of Brescia, P. le Spedali Civili, 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy
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21
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Maccarinelli F, Coltrini D, Mussi S, Bugatti M, Turati M, Chiodelli P, Giacomini A, De Cillis F, Cattane N, Cattaneo A, Ligresti A, Asperti M, Poli M, Vermi W, Presta M, Ronca R. Iron supplementation enhances RSL3-induced ferroptosis to treat naïve and prevent castration-resistant prostate cancer. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:81. [PMID: 36872341 PMCID: PMC9986230 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01383-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a leading cause of death in the male population commonly treated with androgen deprivation therapy that often relapses as androgen-independent and aggressive castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Ferroptosis is a recently described form of cell death that requires abundant cytosolic labile iron to promote membrane lipid peroxidation and which can be induced by agents that inhibit the glutathione peroxidase-4 activity such as RSL3. Exploiting in vitro and in vivo human and murine PCa models and the multistage transgenic TRAMP model of PCa we show that RSL3 induces ferroptosis in PCa cells and demonstrate for the first time that iron supplementation significantly increases the effect of RSL3 triggering lipid peroxidation, enhanced intracellular stress and leading to cancer cell death. Moreover, the combination with the second generation anti-androgen drug enzalutamide potentiates the effect of the RSL3 + iron combination leading to superior inhibition of PCa and preventing the onset of CRPC in the TRAMP mouse model. These data open new perspectives in the use of pro-ferroptotic approaches alone or in combination with enzalutamide for the treatment of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Maccarinelli
- University of Brescia, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Brescia, Italy
| | - Daniela Coltrini
- University of Brescia, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Brescia, Italy
| | - Silvia Mussi
- University of Brescia, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Brescia, Italy
| | - Mattia Bugatti
- University of Brescia, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marta Turati
- University of Brescia, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Brescia, Italy
| | - Paola Chiodelli
- University of Brescia, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Brescia, Italy
| | - Arianna Giacomini
- University of Brescia, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Brescia, Italy
| | - Floriana De Cillis
- Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Nadia Cattane
- Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Annamaria Cattaneo
- Biological Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessia Ligresti
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council of Italy, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Michela Asperti
- University of Brescia, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Brescia, Italy
| | - Maura Poli
- University of Brescia, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Brescia, Italy
| | - William Vermi
- University of Brescia, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Presta
- University of Brescia, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberto Ronca
- University of Brescia, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Brescia, Italy.
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22
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Sailer V, von Amsberg G, Duensing S, Kirfel J, Lieb V, Metzger E, Offermann A, Pantel K, Schuele R, Taubert H, Wach S, Perner S, Werner S, Aigner A. Experimental in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo models in prostate cancer research. Nat Rev Urol 2023; 20:158-178. [PMID: 36451039 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-022-00677-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Androgen deprivation therapy has a central role in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer, often causing initial tumour remission before increasing independence from signal transduction mechanisms of the androgen receptor and then eventual disease progression. Novel treatment approaches are urgently needed, but only a fraction of promising drug candidates from the laboratory will eventually reach clinical approval, highlighting the demand for critical assessment of current preclinical models. Such models include standard, genetically modified and patient-derived cell lines, spheroid and organoid culture models, scaffold and hydrogel cultures, tissue slices, tumour xenograft models, patient-derived xenograft and circulating tumour cell eXplant models as well as transgenic and knockout mouse models. These models need to account for inter-patient and intra-patient heterogeneity, the acquisition of primary or secondary resistance, the interaction of tumour cells with their microenvironment, which make crucial contributions to tumour progression and resistance, as well as the effects of the 3D tissue network on drug penetration, bioavailability and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Sailer
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Gunhild von Amsberg
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, University Cancer Center Hamburg Eppendorf and Martini-Klinik, Prostate Cancer Center, University Hospital Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Duensing
- Section of Molecular Urooncology, Department of Urology, University Hospital Heidelberg and National Center for Tumour Diseases, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jutta Kirfel
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Verena Lieb
- Research Division Molecular Urology, Department of Urology and Paediatric Urology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Eric Metzger
- Department of Urology, Center for Clinical Research, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anne Offermann
- Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Klaus Pantel
- Institute for Tumour Biology, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Clinics Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Mildred-Scheel-Nachwuchszentrum HaTRiCs4, University Cancer Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Roland Schuele
- Department of Urology, Center for Clinical Research, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Helge Taubert
- Research Division Molecular Urology, Department of Urology and Paediatric Urology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sven Wach
- Research Division Molecular Urology, Department of Urology and Paediatric Urology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sven Perner
- University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Pathology, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Lung Center, Borstel, Germany
| | - Stefan Werner
- Institute for Tumour Biology, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Clinics Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Mildred-Scheel-Nachwuchszentrum HaTRiCs4, University Cancer Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Achim Aigner
- Clinical Pharmacology, Rudolf-Boehm-Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Leipzig, Medical Faculty, Leipzig, Germany.
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23
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Jia Y, Wang Y, Dunmall LSC, Lemoine NR, Wang P, Wang Y. Syrian hamster as an ideal animal model for evaluation of cancer immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1126969. [PMID: 36923404 PMCID: PMC10008950 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1126969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy (CIT) has emerged as an exciting new pillar of cancer treatment. Although benefits have been achieved in individual patients, the overall response rate is still not satisfactory. To address this, an ideal preclinical animal model for evaluating CIT is urgently needed. Syrian hamsters present similar features to humans with regard to their anatomy, physiology, and pathology. Notably, the histological features and pathological progression of tumors and the complexity of the tumor microenvironment are equivalent to the human scenario. This article reviews the current tumor models in Syrian hamster and the latest progress in their application to development of tumor treatments including immune checkpoint inhibitors, cytokines, adoptive cell therapy, cancer vaccines, and oncolytic viruses. This progress strongly advocates Syrian hamster as an ideal animal model for development and assessment of CIT for human cancer treatments. Additionally, the challenges of the Syrian hamster as an animal model for CIT are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Louisa S Chard Dunmall
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers & Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas R. Lemoine
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers & Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pengju Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yaohe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers & Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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24
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Manzar N, Ganguly P, Khan UK, Ateeq B. Transcription networks rewire gene repertoire to coordinate cellular reprograming in prostate cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 89:76-91. [PMID: 36702449 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) represent the most commonly deregulated DNA-binding class of proteins associated with multiple human cancers. They can act as transcriptional activators or repressors that rewire the cistrome, resulting in cellular reprogramming during cancer progression. Deregulation of TFs is associated with the onset and maintenance of various cancer types including prostate cancer. An emerging subset of TFs has been implicated in the regulation of multiple cancer hallmarks during tumorigenesis. Here, we discuss the role of key TFs which modulate transcriptional cicuitries involved in the development and progression of prostate cancer. We further highlight the role of TFs associated with key cancer hallmarks, including, chromatin remodeling, genome instability, DNA repair, invasion, and metastasis. We also discuss the pluripotent function of TFs in conferring lineage plasticity, that aids in disease progression to neuroendocrine prostate cancer. At the end, we summarize the current understanding and approaches employed for the therapeutic targeting of TFs and their cofactors in the clinical setups to prevent disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishat Manzar
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, UP, India
| | - Promit Ganguly
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, UP, India
| | - Umar Khalid Khan
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, UP, India
| | - Bushra Ateeq
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, UP, India; Mehta Family Center for Engineering in Medicine, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India.
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25
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Marzioni D, Mazzucchelli R, Fantone S, Tossetta G. NRF2 modulation in TRAMP mice: an in vivo model of prostate cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:873-881. [PMID: 36335520 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08052-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common cancers worldwide and oxidative stress is involved in its occurrence, development and progression. In fact, in transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate (TRAMP) mice, prostate cancer onset is associated with the methylation of the first five CpG in the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) promoter, a key regulator of oxidative stress response, leading to its downregulation and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). It has been demonstrated that both natural and synthetic compounds can reactivate NRF2 expression inhibiting the methylation status of its promoter by downregulation of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs). Interestingly, NRF2 re-expression significantly reduced prostate cancer onset in TRAMP mice highlighting an important role of NRF2 in prostate tumorigenesis. METHODS AND RESULTS We analysed the current literature regarding the role of natural and synthetic compounds in modulating NRF2 pathway in TRAMP mice, an in vivo model of prostate cancer, to give an overview on prostate carcinogenesis and its possible prevention. CONCLUSION We can conclude that specific natural and synthetic compounds can downregulate DNMTs and/or HDACs inhibiting the methylation status of NRF2 promoter, then reactivating the expression of NRF2 protecting normal prostatic cells from ROS damage and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Marzioni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, 60126, Ancona, Italy
| | - Roberta Mazzucchelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Section of Pathological Anatomy, School of Medicine, United Hospitals, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Sonia Fantone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, 60126, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giovanni Tossetta
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, 60126, Ancona, Italy. .,Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Salesi Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria, Ancona, Italy.
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26
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Macrophage-Colony-Stimulating Factor Receptor Enhances Prostate Cancer Cell Growth and Aggressiveness In Vitro and In Vivo and Increases Osteopontin Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416028. [PMID: 36555673 PMCID: PMC9785574 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a major public health concern and one of the most prevalent forms of cancer worldwide. The definition of altered signaling pathways implicated in this complex disease is thus essential. In this context, abnormal expression of the receptor of Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor-1 (M-CSF or CSF-1) has been described in prostate cancer cells. Yet, outcomes of this expression remain unknown. Using mouse and human prostate cancer cell lines, this study has investigated the functionality of the wild-type CSF-1 receptor in prostate tumor cells and identified molecular mechanisms underlying its ligand-induced activation. Here, we showed that upon CSF-1 binding, the receptor autophosphorylates and activates multiple signaling pathways in prostate tumor cells. Biological experiments demonstrated that the CSF-1R/CSF-1 axis conferred significant advantages in cell growth and cell invasion in vitro. Mouse xenograft experiments showed that CSF-1R expression promoted the aggressiveness of prostate tumor cells. In particular, we demonstrated that the ligand-activated CSF-1R increased the expression of spp1 transcript encoding for osteopontin, a key player in cancer development and metastasis. Therefore, this study highlights that the CSF-1 receptor is fully functional in a prostate cancer cell and may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of prostate cancer.
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27
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Koerner J, Horvath D, Oliveri F, Li J, Basler M. Suppression of prostate cancer and amelioration of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment through selective immunoproteasome inhibition. Oncoimmunology 2022; 12:2156091. [PMID: 36531689 PMCID: PMC9757486 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2022.2156091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
New treatment options to battle hormone-refractory prostate carcinoma (PC) are a pressing medical need. Chronic inflammation has been implicated in PC etiology. The pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-23 and IL-17 are key mediators to promote growth of PC. Here, we evaluate the potential of immunoproteasome inhibition for anti-inflammatory and direct anti-tumorigenic therapy of PC. The anti-tumor effect of immunoproteasome inhibitor ONX 0914 was tested in mouse and human PC cells and the in vivo therapeutic efficacy of immunoproteasome inhibition was analyzed in transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) mice in preventive and therapeutic settings and in castration-resistant (CR)PC after castration. Inhibition of the immunoproteasome subunit LMP7 induced apoptotic cell death in PC cell lines. In TRAMP mice, ONX 0914-treatment resulted in significant inhibition of PC growth with a decreased frequency of malignant prostatic lesions and inhibition of metastasis formation. The number of immunosuppressive myeloid cells in PC was greatly reduced in response to ONX 0914. Thus, immunoproteasome inhibition shows remarkable efficacy against PC progression in vivo and impedes tumor recurrence in CRPC-TRAMP mice by blocking the immunosuppressive inflammatory response in the tumor microenvironment. In conclusion, we show that the immunoproteasome is a promising drug target for the treatment of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Koerner
- Division of Immunology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Dennis Horvath
- Division of Immunology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany,Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Franziska Oliveri
- Division of Immunology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Urologic Oncology Surgery, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China,Jun Li Department of Urologic Oncology Surgery, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Han Yu Road 181, 400030 Chongqing, China
| | - Michael Basler
- Division of Immunology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany,Biotechnology Institute Thurgau (BITg) at the University of Konstanz, Kreuzlingen, Switzerland,CONTACT Michael Basler Division of Immunology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitaetsstr. 10, D-78457, Konstanz, Germany
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28
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Long Y, Xie B, Shen HC, Wen D. Translation Potential and Challenges of In Vitro and Murine Models in Cancer Clinic. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233868. [PMID: 36497126 PMCID: PMC9741314 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
As one of the leading causes of death from disease, cancer continues to pose a serious threat to human health globally. Despite the development of novel therapeutic regimens and drugs, the long-term survival of cancer patients is still very low, especially for those whose diagnosis is not caught early enough. Meanwhile, our understanding of tumorigenesis is still limited. Suitable research models are essential tools for exploring cancer mechanisms and treatments. Herein we review and compare several widely used in vitro and in vivo murine cancer models, including syngeneic tumor models, genetically engineered mouse models (GEMM), cell line-derived xenografts (CDX), patient-derived xenografts (PDX), conditionally reprogrammed (CR) cells, organoids, and MiniPDX. We will summarize the methodology and feasibility of various models in terms of their advantages and limitations in the application prospects for drug discovery and development and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Long
- Shanghai LIDE Biotech Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Bin Xie
- Shanghai LIDE Biotech Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hong C. Shen
- China Innovation Center of Roche, Roche R & D Center, Shanghai 201203, China
- Correspondence: (H.C.S.); (D.W.); Tel.: +86-21-68585628 (D.W.)
| | - Danyi Wen
- Shanghai LIDE Biotech Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201203, China
- Correspondence: (H.C.S.); (D.W.); Tel.: +86-21-68585628 (D.W.)
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29
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Preclinical Models of Neuroendocrine Neoplasia. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225646. [PMID: 36428741 PMCID: PMC9688518 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroendocrine neoplasia (NENs) are a complex and heterogeneous group of cancers that can arise from neuroendocrine tissues throughout the body and differentiate them from other tumors. Their low incidence and high diversity make many of them orphan conditions characterized by a low incidence and few dedicated clinical trials. Study of the molecular and genetic nature of these diseases is limited in comparison to more common cancers and more dependent on preclinical models, including both in vitro models (such as cell lines and 3D models) and in vivo models (such as patient derived xenografts (PDXs) and genetically-engineered mouse models (GEMMs)). While preclinical models do not fully recapitulate the nature of these cancers in patients, they are useful tools in investigation of the basic biology and early-stage investigation for evaluation of treatments for these cancers. We review available preclinical models for each type of NEN and discuss their history as well as their current use and translation.
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30
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Sridaran D, Chouhan S, Mahajan K, Renganathan A, Weimholt C, Bhagwat S, Reimers M, Kim EH, Thakur MK, Saeed MA, Pachynski RK, Seeliger MA, Miller WT, Feng FY, Mahajan NP. Inhibiting ACK1-mediated phosphorylation of C-terminal Src kinase counteracts prostate cancer immune checkpoint blockade resistance. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6929. [PMID: 36376335 PMCID: PMC9663509 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34724-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid tumours are highly refractory to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies due to the functional impairment of effector T cells and their inefficient trafficking to tumours. T-cell activation is negatively regulated by C-terminal Src kinase (CSK); however, the exact mechanism remains unknown. Here we show that the conserved oncogenic tyrosine kinase Activated CDC42 kinase 1 (ACK1) is able to phosphorylate CSK at Tyrosine 18 (pY18), which enhances CSK function, constraining T-cell activation. Mice deficient in the Tnk2 gene encoding Ack1, are characterized by diminished CSK Y18-phosphorylation and spontaneous activation of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, resulting in inhibited growth of transplanted ICB-resistant tumours. Furthermore, ICB treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients results in re-activation of ACK1/pY18-CSK signalling, confirming the involvement of this pathway in ICB insensitivity. An ACK1 small-molecule inhibitor, (R)-9b, recapitulates inhibition of ICB-resistant tumours, which provides evidence for ACK1 enzymatic activity playing a pivotal role in generating ICB resistance. Overall, our study identifies an important mechanism of ICB resistance and holds potential for expanding the scope of ICB therapy to tumours that are currently unresponsive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhivya Sridaran
- Department of Surgery, Washington University at St Louis, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University at St Louis, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Surbhi Chouhan
- Department of Surgery, Washington University at St Louis, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University at St Louis, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Kiran Mahajan
- Department of Surgery, Washington University at St Louis, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University at St Louis, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University at St Louis, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Arun Renganathan
- Department of Surgery, Washington University at St Louis, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University at St Louis, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Cody Weimholt
- Department of Surgery, Washington University at St Louis, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University at St Louis, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Anatomic and Clinical Pathology, Washington University at St Louis, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Shambhavi Bhagwat
- Department of Surgery, Washington University at St Louis, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University at St Louis, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Melissa Reimers
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University at St Louis, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University at St Louis, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Eric H Kim
- Department of Surgery, Washington University at St Louis, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University at St Louis, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Manish K Thakur
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Muhammad A Saeed
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University at St Louis, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Russell K Pachynski
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University at St Louis, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Washington University at St Louis, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Markus A Seeliger
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - W Todd Miller
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, NY, 11768, USA
| | - Felix Y Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nupam P Mahajan
- Department of Surgery, Washington University at St Louis, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Washington University at St Louis, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University at St Louis, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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Basak D, Gregori L, Johora F, Deb S. Preclinical and Clinical Research Models of Prostate Cancer: A Brief Overview. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12101607. [PMID: 36295041 PMCID: PMC9605520 DOI: 10.3390/life12101607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The incidence and mortality from prostate cancer (PCa) are on the rise which poses a major public health concern worldwide. In this narrative review, we have summarized the characteristics of major in vitro and in vivo PCa models including their utility in developing treatment strategies. Androgens, particularly, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) activate the androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathway that facilitates the development and progression of castration resistant PCa. Several enzymes namely, CYP17A1, HSD17B, and SRD5A are essential to furnishing DHT from dehydroepiandrosterone in the classical pathway while DHT is formed from androstanediol in the backdoor pathway. The advancement in delineating the molecular heterogeneity of PCa has been possible through the development of several in vitro and in vivo research models. Generally, tissue culture models are advantageous to understand PCa biology and investigate the efficacy and toxicity of novel agents; nevertheless, animal models are indispensable to studying the PCa etiology and treatment since they can simulate the tumor microenvironment that plays a central role in initiation and progression of the disease. Moreover, the availability of several genetically engineered mouse models has made it possible to study the metastasis process. However, the conventional models are not devoid of limitations. For example, the lack of heterogeneity in tissue culture models and the variation of metastatic characteristics in xenograft models are obviously challenging. Additionally, due to the racial and ethnic disparities in PCa pathophysiology, a new model that can represent PCa encompassing different ethnicities is urgently needed. New models should continue to evolve to address the genetic and molecular complexities as well as to further elucidate the finer details of the steroidogenic pathway associated with PCa.
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Bosland MC, Horton L, Condon MS. Effects of green tea on prostate carcinogenesis in rat models and a human prostate cancer xenograft model. Prostate 2022; 82:1117-1124. [PMID: 35485427 PMCID: PMC9246968 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence to suggest that green tea soy may have protective effects against prostate cancer, but there are several epidemiologic and clinical studies that did not identify such an effect. We tested the notion of protective effects in a rat model of prostate carcinogenesis that has been predictive of the effects of selenium and vitamin E in randomized clinical trials and a human prostate cancer xenograft model in nude mice and rat prostate tumor cells transplanted in immune-competent syngeneic animals. METHODS Prostate cancer was induced in rats with methylnitrosourea and testosterone and tumor incidence was determined. Subcutaneous tumor growth was measured resulting from injected cells isolated from rat prostate cancers grafted in syngeneic animals and from the prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-producing human prostate cancer PC346 xenografted in nude mice. Brewed decaffeinated green tea infusion or caffeinated green tea extract and the same 300 mg/ml concentration of caffeine were provided in drinking water of the rats and nude mice. RESULTS Caffeinated green tea extract and caffeine provided in drinking water did not modify the induction of prostate cancer in the rat model compared with control rats. The same drinking water treatments also did not affect the growth and PSA production of PC346 human prostate cancer xenografts in nude mice and the growth of two transplantable rat prostate cancer tumor lines in Wistar Firth rats. Brewed green tea infusion as drinking water did also not affect tumor growth in these xeno- and allograft models. CONCLUSION These animal studies with drinking water exposure to green tea and caffeine do not support the idea that green tea is protective against prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten C. Bosland
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Lori Horton
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Mark S. Condon
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
- Department of Allied Health and Biological Sciences, SUNY Dutchess Community College, Poughkeepsie, NY
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Ai J, Li J, Su Q, Ma H, He R, Wei Q, Li H, Gao G. rAAV-based and intraprostatically delivered miR-34a therapeutics for efficient inhibition of prostate cancer progression. Gene Ther 2022; 29:418-424. [PMID: 34226687 PMCID: PMC8848550 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-021-00275-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
At present, there is no effective treatment for prostate cancer (PCa). Previous studies have reported that miR-34a is significantly downregulated in PCa cells; therefore, modulation of miR-34a expression might be a promising therapeutic approach for PCa treatment. To this end, we first verified the downregulation of miR-34a in prostate tumors from a transgenic adenocarcinoma mouse prostate (TRAMP) model. We found that miR-34a overexpression significantly inhibited the cell cycle, viability, and migration of PCa cells by targeting its downstream genes. Next, we tested the concept of intraprostatic injection of rAAV9·pri-miR-34a into 8-week-old TRAMP mice to inhibit PCa progression. We observed that the treatment lowered body weights significantly compared to the control treatment starting at 30 weeks after injection. rAAV9·pri-miR-34a treatment also obviously extended the lifespan of TRAMP mice. Moreover, we confirmed that the neoplasia in the treated prostates was significantly diminished compared to that in the control group. In addition, overexpressed miR-34a downregulated the expression of its target genes. Taken together, our results demonstrated, for the first time, the potential of rAAV-mediated efficient modulation of miR-34a expression in the prostate to inhibit PCa progression by regulating its downstream gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhong Ai
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
| | - Jia Li
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Qin Su
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Hong Ma
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Ran He
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Qiang Wei
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guangping Gao
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
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Gadkar S, Thakur M, Desouza J, Bhowmick S, Patel V, Chaudhari U, Acharya KK, Sachdeva G. Estrogen receptor expression is modulated in human and mouse prostate epithelial cells during cancer progression. Steroids 2022; 184:109036. [PMID: 35413338 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2022.109036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Substantial data posit estrogen receptors (ERs) as promising targets for prostate cancer (PCa) therapeutics. However, the trials on assessing the chemo-preventive or therapeutic potential of ER targeting drugs or selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) have not yet established their clinical benefits. This could be ascribed to a possible modulation in the ER expression during PCa progression. Further it is warranted to test various ER targeting drugs in appropriate preclinical models that simulate human ER expression pattern during PCa progression. The study was undertaken to revisit the existing data on the epithelial ER expression pattern in human cancerous prostates and experimentally determine whether these patterns are replicated in TRAMP (Transgenic Adenocarcinoma of Mouse Prostate) mice, a model for human PCa. Estradiol (E2) binding to the plasma membrane of the epithelial cells and its modulation during the PCa progression in TRAMP were also investigated. A reassessment of the existing data revealed a trend towards downregulation in the epithelial expression of wild-type ESR1 transcripts in high-grade PCa, compared to non-cancerous prostate in humans. Next, epithelial cell-enriched populations from TRAMP prostates (TP) displaying low-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (LGPIN), high-grade PIN (HGPIN), HGPIN with well-differentiated carcinoma (PIN + WDC), WDC (equivalent to grade 2/3 human PCa), and poorly-differentiated carcinoma (PDC-equivalent to grade 4/5 human PCa) revealed significantly higher Esr1 and Esr2 levels in HGPIN and significantly reduced levels in WDC, compared to respective age-matched control prostates. These patterns for the nuclear ERs were similar to the trend shown by E2 binding to the plasma membrane of the epithelial cells during PCa progression in TRAMP. E2 binding to epithelial cells (EpCAM+), though significantly higher in TPs displaying LGPIN, decreased significantly as the disease progressed to WDC. The study highlights a reduction in the epithelial ESR level with the PCa progression and this pattern was evident in both humans and TRAMP. These observations may have major implications in refining PCa therapeutics targeting ER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushama Gadkar
- Cell Physiology and Pathology Laboratory, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health (ICMR-NIRRCH), Mumbai 400012, India
| | - Mohini Thakur
- Cell Physiology and Pathology Laboratory, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health (ICMR-NIRRCH), Mumbai 400012, India
| | - Junita Desouza
- Cell Physiology and Pathology Laboratory, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health (ICMR-NIRRCH), Mumbai 400012, India
| | - Shilpa Bhowmick
- Viral Immunopathogenesis Laboratory, ICMR-NIRRCH, Mumbai 400012, India
| | - Vainav Patel
- Viral Immunopathogenesis Laboratory, ICMR-NIRRCH, Mumbai 400012, India
| | - Uddhav Chaudhari
- Cell Physiology and Pathology Laboratory, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health (ICMR-NIRRCH), Mumbai 400012, India
| | - Kshitish K Acharya
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology (IBAB), Shodhaka Life Sciences Pvt. Ltd., Bengaluru (Bangalore) 560100, India
| | - Geetanjali Sachdeva
- Cell Physiology and Pathology Laboratory, Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health (ICMR-NIRRCH), Mumbai 400012, India.
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New approaches to targeting epigenetic regulation in prostate cancer. Curr Opin Urol 2022; 32:472-480. [DOI: 10.1097/mou.0000000000001027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Storck WK, May AM, Westbrook TC, Duan Z, Morrissey C, Yates JA, Alumkal JJ. The Role of Epigenetic Change in Therapy-Induced Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer Lineage Plasticity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:926585. [PMID: 35909568 PMCID: PMC9329809 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.926585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathway is critical for growth and differentiation of prostate cancer cells. For that reason, androgen deprivation therapy with medical or surgical castration is the principal treatment for metastatic prostate cancer. More recently, new potent AR signaling inhibitors (ARSIs) have been developed. These drugs improve survival for men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), the lethal form of the disease. However, ARSI resistance is nearly universal. One recently appreciated resistance mechanism is lineage plasticity or switch from an AR-driven, luminal differentiation program to an alternate differentiation program. Importantly, lineage plasticity appears to be increasing in incidence in the era of new ARSIs, strongly implicating AR suppression in this process. Lineage plasticity and shift from AR-driven tumors occur on a continuum, ranging from AR-expressing tumors with low AR activity to AR-null tumors that have activation of alternate differentiation programs versus the canonical luminal program found in AR-driven tumors. In many cases, AR loss coincides with the activation of a neuronal program, most commonly exemplified as therapy-induced neuroendocrine prostate cancer (t-NEPC). While genetic events clearly contribute to prostate cancer lineage plasticity, it is also clear that epigenetic events-including chromatin modifications and DNA methylation-play a major role. Many epigenetic factors are now targetable with drugs, establishing the importance of clarifying critical epigenetic factors that promote lineage plasticity. Furthermore, epigenetic marks are readily measurable, demonstrating the importance of clarifying which measurements will help to identify tumors that have undergone or are at risk of undergoing lineage plasticity. In this review, we discuss the role of AR pathway loss and activation of a neuronal differentiation program as key contributors to t-NEPC lineage plasticity. We also discuss new epigenetic therapeutic strategies to reverse lineage plasticity, including those that have recently entered clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- William K. Storck
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Allison M. May
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Thomas C. Westbrook
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Zhi Duan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Colm Morrissey
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Joel A. Yates
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Joshi J. Alumkal
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Ganguly K, Kishore U, Metkari SM, Madan T. Immunomodulatory Role of Surfactant Protein-D in a Transgenic Adenocarcinoma of Mouse Prostate (TRAMP) Model. Front Immunol 2022; 13:930449. [PMID: 35874783 PMCID: PMC9302643 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.930449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Surfactant protein D (SP-D), a pattern recognition molecule, is emerging as a potent anti-tumoural innate immune defense molecule in a range of cancers. Previously, SP-D expression was found to be significantly downregulated at the malignant sites of human prostate adenocarcinoma and associated with an increasing Gleason score and severity. We recently reported selective induction of intrinsic apoptosis by a recombinant fragment of human SP-D (rfhSP-D) in the human Prostate cancer (PCa) biopsy explants and cells with glucose regulated protein of 78 (GRP78) as one of the key interacting partners. The present study evaluated the expression of SP-D in early and advanced stages of PCa using transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate (TRAMP) model. Both early and late stages of PCa showed significantly decreased SP-D mRNA expression and increased proteolytic degradation of SP-D protein. Systemic and tumoural immunophenotyping of TRAMP model revealed increased serine proteases producing granulocytes and polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN MDSCs) in the late stage; the serine proteases secreted by these cells could be involved in the degradation of SP-D. Susceptibility of rfhSP-D to elastase-mediated proteolysis provided the rationale to use an elastase-inhibitor to sustain intact rfhSP-D in the tumour microenvironment. The study revealed an immunomodulatory potential of rfhSP-D and elastase inhibitor, sivelestat, to induce macrophage polarization towards M1 with downregulation of PMN MDSCs in ex-vivo cultured TRAMP tumours. Furthermore, rfhSP-D induced immunogenic cell death in murine PCa cells and in TRAMP explants. The findings highlight that SP-D plays an anti-tumourigenic role in PCa by inducing immunogenic cell death and immunomodulation while the prostate tumour milieu adversely impacts SP-D by inhibiting its transcription, and enhancing its proteolytic degradation. Transformation of an immunologically “cold tumour” into a “hot tumour” implicates therapeutic potential of rfhSP-D in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasturi Ganguly
- Department of Innate Immunity, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)- National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Mumbai, India
| | - Uday Kishore
- Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates (U.A.E) University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Siddhanath M. Metkari
- Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)- National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Mumbai, India
| | - Taruna Madan
- Department of Innate Immunity, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)- National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Mumbai, India
- *Correspondence: Taruna Madan,
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Mai CW, Chin KY, Foong LC, Pang KL, Yu B, Shu Y, Chen S, Cheong SK, Chua CW. Modeling prostate cancer: What does it take to build an ideal tumor model? Cancer Lett 2022; 543:215794. [PMID: 35718268 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is frequently characterized as a multifocal disease with great intratumoral heterogeneity as well as a high propensity to metastasize to bone. Consequently, modeling prostate tumor has remained a challenging task for researchers in this field. In the past decades, genomic advances have led to the identification of key molecular alterations in prostate cancer. Moreover, resistance towards second-generation androgen-deprivation therapy, namely abiraterone and enzalutamide has unveiled androgen receptor-independent diseases with distinctive histopathological and clinical features. In this review, we have critically evaluated the commonly used preclinical models of prostate cancer with respect to their capability of recapitulating the key genomic alterations, histopathological features and bone metastatic potential of human prostate tumors. In addition, we have also discussed the potential use of the emerging organoid models in prostate cancer research, which possess clear advantages over the commonly used preclinical tumor models. We anticipate that no single model can faithfully recapitulate the complexity of prostate cancer, and thus, propose the use of a cost- and time-efficient integrated tumor modeling approach for future prostate cancer investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Wai Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China; Centre for Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, 43000, Malaysia
| | - Kok-Yong Chin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 56000, Malaysia
| | - Lian-Chee Foong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China; Centre for Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, 43000, Malaysia
| | - Kok-Lun Pang
- Newcastle University Medicine Malaysia, Iskandar Puteri, 79200, Malaysia
| | - Bin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yu Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Sisi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Soon-Keng Cheong
- Centre for Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, 43000, Malaysia
| | - Chee Wai Chua
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji-Med X Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.
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Gao S, Wang S, Zhao Z, Zhang C, Liu Z, Ye P, Xu Z, Yi B, Jiao K, Naik GA, Wei S, Rais-Bahrami S, Bae S, Yang WH, Sonpavde G, Liu R, Wang L. TUBB4A interacts with MYH9 to protect the nucleus during cell migration and promotes prostate cancer via GSK3β/β-catenin signalling. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2792. [PMID: 35589707 PMCID: PMC9120517 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30409-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Human tubulin beta class IVa (TUBB4A) is a member of the β-tubulin family. In most normal tissues, expression of TUBB4A is little to none, but it is highly expressed in human prostate cancer. Here we show that high expression levels of TUBB4A are associated with aggressive prostate cancers and poor patient survival, especially for African-American men. Additionally, in prostate cancer cells, TUBB4A knockout (KO) reduces cell growth and migration but induces DNA damage through increased γH2AX and 53BP1. Furthermore, during constricted cell migration, TUBB4A interacts with MYH9 to protect the nucleus, but either TUBB4A KO or MYH9 knockdown leads to severe DNA damage and reduces the NF-κB signaling response. Also, TUBB4A KO retards tumor growth and metastasis. Functional analysis reveals that TUBB4A/GSK3β binds to the N-terminal of MYH9, and that TUBB4A KO reduces MYH9-mediated GSK3β ubiquitination and degradation, leading to decreased activation of β-catenin signaling and its relevant epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Likewise, prostate-specific deletion of Tubb4a reduces spontaneous tumor growth and metastasis via inhibition of NF-κB, cyclin D1, and c-MYC signaling activation. Our results suggest an oncogenic role of TUBB4A and provide a potentially actionable therapeutic target for prostate cancers with TUBB4A overexpression. The β-tubulin family protein TUBB4A is highly expressed in cancer but it’s molecular role is unclear. Here, the authors show that TUBB4A is required to protect the nucleus from genomic instability during migration and that it’s over expression promotes cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Gao
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Shuaibin Wang
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Zhiying Zhao
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Zhicao Liu
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Ping Ye
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Zhifang Xu
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Baozhu Yi
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Kai Jiao
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Gurudatta A Naik
- Department of O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Shi Wei
- Department of O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Soroush Rais-Bahrami
- Department of O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Department of Urology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Sejong Bae
- Department of O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Wei-Hsiung Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA, USA
| | | | - Runhua Liu
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA. .,Department of O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Lizhong Wang
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA. .,Department of O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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40
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T cell therapy against cancer: a predictive diffuse-interface mathematical model informed by pre-clinical studies. J Theor Biol 2022; 547:111172. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2022.111172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Chiodelli P, Coltrini D, Turati M, Cerasuolo M, Maccarinelli F, Rezzola S, Grillo E, Giacomini A, Taranto S, Mussi S, Ligresti A, Presta M, Ronca R. FGFR blockade by pemigatinib treats naïve and castration resistant prostate cancer. Cancer Lett 2022; 526:217-224. [PMID: 34861311 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a leading cause of cancer mortality in the male population commonly treated with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and relapsing as aggressive and androgen-independent castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). In PCa the FGF/FGFR family of growth factors and receptors represents a relevant mediator of cancer growth, tumor-stroma interaction, and a driver of resistance and relapse to ADT. In the present work, we validate the therapeutic efficacy the FDA-approved FGFR inhibitor pemigatinib, in an integrated platform consisting of human and murine PCa cells, and the transgenic multistage TRAMP model of PCa that recapitulates both androgen-dependent and CRPC settings. Our results show for the first time that pemigatinib causes intracellular stress and cell death in PCa cells and prevents tumor growth in vivo and in the multistage model. In addition, the combination of pemigatinib with enzalutamide resulted in long-lasting tumor inhibition and prevention of CRPC relapse in TRAMP mice. These data are confirmed by the implementation of a stochastic mathematical model and in silico simulation. Pemigatinib represents a promising FDA-approved FGFR inhibitor for the treatment of PCa and CRPC alone and in combination with enzalutamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Chiodelli
- University of Brescia, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Brescia, Italy
| | - Daniela Coltrini
- University of Brescia, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marta Turati
- University of Brescia, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marianna Cerasuolo
- University of Portsmouth, School of Mathematics and Physics, Hampshire, PO1 3HF, UK
| | - Federica Maccarinelli
- University of Brescia, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Brescia, Italy
| | - Sara Rezzola
- University of Brescia, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Grillo
- University of Brescia, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Brescia, Italy
| | - Arianna Giacomini
- University of Brescia, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Brescia, Italy
| | - Sara Taranto
- University of Brescia, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Brescia, Italy
| | - Silvia Mussi
- University of Brescia, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessia Ligresti
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Marco Presta
- University of Brescia, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberto Ronca
- University of Brescia, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Brescia, Italy.
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Marhold M, Udovica S, Topakian T, Horak P, Horvat R, Tomasich E, Heller G, Krainer M. MALAT1 Fusions and Basal Cells Contribute to Primary Resistance against Androgen Receptor Inhibition in TRAMP Mice. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030749. [PMID: 35159020 PMCID: PMC8833778 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary We deeply characterized a frequently used mouse model of prostate cancer and found cellular and molecular regulators of resistance against antihormonal treatment, such as basal cell function and MALAT1 gene fusions. As these mechanisms also occur in human disease, our findings highlight the importance of this model for human cancer and may be helpful for future research focusing on overcoming antihormonal treatment resistance. Abstract Targeting testosterone signaling through androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) or antiandrogen treatment is the standard of care for advanced prostate cancer (PCa). Although the large majority of patients initially respond to ADT and/or androgen receptor (AR) blockade, most patients suffering from advanced PCa will experience disease progression. We sought to investigate drivers of primary resistance against antiandrogen treatment in the TRAMP mouse model, an SV-40 t-antigen driven model exhibiting aggressive variants of prostate cancer, castration resistance, and neuroendocrine differentiation upon antihormonal treatment. We isolated primary tumor cell suspensions from adult male TRAMP mice and subjected them to organoid culture. Basal and non-basal cell populations were characterized by RNA sequencing, Western blotting, and quantitative real-time PCR. Furthermore, effects of androgen withdrawal and enzalutamide treatment were studied. Basal and luminal TRAMP cells exhibited distinct molecular signatures and gave rise to organoids with distinct phenotypes. TRAMP cells exhibited primary resistance against antiandrogen treatment. This was more pronounced in basal cell-derived TRAMP organoids when compared to luminal cell-derived organoids. Furthermore, we found MALAT1 gene fusions to be drivers of antiandrogen resistance in TRAMP mice through regulation of AR. Summarizing, TRAMP tumor cells exhibited primary resistance towards androgen inhibition enhanced through basal cell function and MALAT1 gene fusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Marhold
- Division of Oncology, Department for Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; (T.T.); (E.T.); (G.H.); (M.K.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence:
| | - Simon Udovica
- Clinic of Internal Medicine I and Wilhelminen Cancer Research Institute, Klinik Ottakring, A-1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Thais Topakian
- Division of Oncology, Department for Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; (T.T.); (E.T.); (G.H.); (M.K.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Horak
- National Tumor Center (NCT), DKFZ, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Reinhard Horvat
- Institute for Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Erwin Tomasich
- Division of Oncology, Department for Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; (T.T.); (E.T.); (G.H.); (M.K.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerwin Heller
- Division of Oncology, Department for Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; (T.T.); (E.T.); (G.H.); (M.K.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Krainer
- Division of Oncology, Department for Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria; (T.T.); (E.T.); (G.H.); (M.K.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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43
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Linxweiler J, Hajili T, Zeuschner P, Menger MD, Stöckle M, Junker K, Saar M. Primary Tumor Resection Decelerates Disease Progression in an Orthotopic Mouse Model of Metastatic Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030737. [PMID: 35159004 PMCID: PMC8833735 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Radical prostatectomy in oligometastatic prostate cancer is a matter of intense debate. Besides avoiding local complications, it is hypothesized that primary tumor resection may result in better oncological outcomes. The aim of our study was to analyze the effect of primary tumor resection on disease progression in an orthotopic prostate cancer mouse model. First, the optimal time point for primary tumor resection, when metastases have already occurred, but the primary tumor is still resectable, was determined as 8 weeks after inoculation of 5 × 105 LuCaP136 cells. In a second in vivo experiment, 64 mice with metastatic prostate cancer were randomized into two groups, primary tumor resection or sham operation, and disease progression was followed up for 10 weeks. The technique of orthotopic primary tumor resection was successfully established. Compared with the sham operation group, mice with primary tumor resection showed a significantly longer survival (p < 0.001), a significantly slower PSA increase (p < 0.01), and a lower number of lung metastases (p = 0.073). In conclusion, primary tumor resection resulted in slower disease progression and longer survival in an orthotopic mouse model of metastatic prostate cancer. In future studies, this model will be used to unravel the molecular mechanisms of primary tumor/metastasis interaction in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Linxweiler
- Department of Urology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Saar, Germany; (T.H.); (P.Z.); (M.S.); (K.J.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Turkan Hajili
- Department of Urology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Saar, Germany; (T.H.); (P.Z.); (M.S.); (K.J.); (M.S.)
| | - Philip Zeuschner
- Department of Urology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Saar, Germany; (T.H.); (P.Z.); (M.S.); (K.J.); (M.S.)
| | - Michael D. Menger
- Institute for Clinical-Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Saar, Germany;
| | - Michael Stöckle
- Department of Urology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Saar, Germany; (T.H.); (P.Z.); (M.S.); (K.J.); (M.S.)
| | - Kerstin Junker
- Department of Urology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Saar, Germany; (T.H.); (P.Z.); (M.S.); (K.J.); (M.S.)
| | - Matthias Saar
- Department of Urology, Saarland University, 66421 Homburg, Saar, Germany; (T.H.); (P.Z.); (M.S.); (K.J.); (M.S.)
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Shi M, Wang Y, Lin D, Wang Y. Patient-derived xenograft models of neuroendocrine prostate cancer. Cancer Lett 2022; 525:160-169. [PMID: 34767925 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) have attracted much attention as clinically relevant models for basic and translational cancer research. PDXs retain the principal histopathological and molecular heterogeneity of their donor tumors and remain stable across passages. These characteristics allow PDXs to offer a reliable platform for better understanding cancer biology, discovering biomarkers and therapeutic targets, and developing novel therapies. A growing interest in generating neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) PDX models has been demonstrated, and such models have proven useful in several areas. This review provides a comprehensive summary of currently available NEPC PDX collections, encompassing 1) primary or secondary sites where patient samples were collected, 2) donor patients' treatment histories, 3) morphological features (i.e., small cell and large cell), and 4) genomic alterations. We also highlight suitable models for various research purposes, including identifying therapeutic targets and evaluating drug responses in models with specific genomic backgrounds. Finally, we provide perspectives on the current knowledge gaps and shed light on future applications and improvements of NEPC PDXs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchen Shi
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yu Wang
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Dong Lin
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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45
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Genovesi S, Moro R, Vignoli B, De Felice D, Canossa M, Montironi R, Carbone FG, Barbareschi M, Lunardi A, Alaimo A. Trpm8 Expression in Human and Mouse Castration Resistant Prostate Adenocarcinoma Paves the Way for the Preclinical Development of TRPM8-Based Targeted Therapies. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020193. [PMID: 35204694 PMCID: PMC8961668 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic prostate cancer (mPCa) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality in both the US and Europe. Androgen deprivation is the first-line therapy for mPCa; however, resistance to therapy inevitably occurs and the disease progresses to the castration resistant stage, which is uncurable. A definition of novel targeted therapies is necessary for the establishment of innovative and more effective protocols of personalized oncology. We employed genetically engineered mouse models of PCa and human samples to characterize the expression of the TRPM8 cation channel in both hormone naïve and castration resistant tumors. We show that Trpm8 expression marks both indolent (Pten-null) and aggressive (Pten/Trp53 double-null and TRAMP) mouse prostate adenocarcinomas. Importantly, both mouse and human castration-resistant PCa preserve TRPM8 protein expression. Finally, we tested the effect of TRPM8 agonist D-3263 administration in combination with enzalutamide or docetaxel on the viability of aggressive mouse PCa cell lines. Our data demonstrate that D-3263 substantially enhances the pro-apoptotic activity of enzalutamide and docetaxel in TRAMP-C1 e TRAMP-C2 PCa cell lines. To conclude, this study provides the basis for pre-clinical in vivo testing of TRPM8 targeting as a novel strategy to implement the efficacy of standard-of-care treatments for advanced PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sacha Genovesi
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy; (S.G.); (R.M.); (D.D.F.); (M.C.)
| | - Riccardo Moro
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy; (S.G.); (R.M.); (D.D.F.); (M.C.)
| | - Beatrice Vignoli
- Department of Physics, University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy;
| | - Dario De Felice
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy; (S.G.); (R.M.); (D.D.F.); (M.C.)
| | - Marco Canossa
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy; (S.G.); (R.M.); (D.D.F.); (M.C.)
| | - Rodolfo Montironi
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, School of Medicine, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, United Hospitals, 60126 Ancona, Italy;
| | | | - Mattia Barbareschi
- Unit of Surgical Pathology, Santa Chiara Hospital, 38122 Trento, Italy; (F.G.C.); (M.B.)
| | - Andrea Lunardi
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy; (S.G.); (R.M.); (D.D.F.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence: (A.L.); (A.A.)
| | - Alessandro Alaimo
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy; (S.G.); (R.M.); (D.D.F.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence: (A.L.); (A.A.)
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46
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Reprogramming landscape highlighted by dynamic transcriptomes in therapy-induced neuroendocrine differentiation. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:5873-5885. [DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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47
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Frahm AB, Hill D, Katsikis S, Andreassen T, Ardenkjær-Larsen JH, Bathen TF, Moestue SA, Jensen PR, Lerche MH. Classification and biomarker identification of prostate tissue from TRAMP mice with hyperpolarized 13C-SIRA. Talanta 2021; 235:122812. [PMID: 34517669 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2021.122812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hyperpolarized 13C isotope resolved spectroscopy boosts NMR signal intensity, which improves signal detection and allows metabolic fluxes to be analyzed. Such hyperpolarized flux data may offer new approaches to tissue classification and biomarker identification that could be translated in vivo. Here we used hyperpolarized stable isotope resolved analysis (SIRA) to measure metabolite specific 13C isotopic enrichments in the central carbon metabolism of mouse prostate. Prostate and tumor tissue samples were acquired from transgenic adenocarcinomas of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) mice. Before euthanasia, mice were injected with [U-13C]glucose intraperitoneally (i.p.). Polar metabolite extracts were prepared, and hyperpolarized 1D-13C NMR spectra were obtained from normal prostate (n = 19) and cancer tissue (n = 19) samples. Binary classification and feature analysis was performed to make a separation model and to investigate differences between samples originating from normal and cancerous prostate tissue, respectively. Hyperpolarized experiments were carried out according to a standardized protocol, which showed a high repeatability (CV = 15%) and an average linewidth in the 1D-13C NMR spectra of 2 ± 0.5 Hz. The resolution of the hyperpolarized 1D-13C spectra was high with little signal overlap in the carbonyl region and metabolite identification was easily accomplished. A discrimination with 95% success rate could be made between samples originating from TRAMP mice prostate and tumor tissue based on isotopomers from uniquely identified metabolites. Hyperpolarized 13C-SIRA allowed detailed metabolic information to be obtained from tissue specimens. The positional information of 13C isotopic enrichments lead to easily interpreted features responsible for high predictive classification of tissue types. This analytical approach has matured, and the robust experimental protocols currently available allow systematic tracking of metabolite flux ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne B Frahm
- Center for Hyperpolarization in Magnetic Resonance, Department of Health Technology, Ørsteds plads 349, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Deborah Hill
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sotirios Katsikis
- Center for Hyperpolarization in Magnetic Resonance, Department of Health Technology, Ørsteds plads 349, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Trygve Andreassen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jan Henrik Ardenkjær-Larsen
- Center for Hyperpolarization in Magnetic Resonance, Department of Health Technology, Ørsteds plads 349, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tone Frost Bathen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Siver Andreas Moestue
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Pharmacy, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
| | - Pernille Rose Jensen
- Center for Hyperpolarization in Magnetic Resonance, Department of Health Technology, Ørsteds plads 349, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mathilde Hauge Lerche
- Center for Hyperpolarization in Magnetic Resonance, Department of Health Technology, Ørsteds plads 349, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
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48
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Okasho K, Ogawa O, Akamatsu S. Narrative review of challenges in the management of advanced neuroendocrine prostate cancer. Transl Androl Urol 2021; 10:3953-3962. [PMID: 34804838 PMCID: PMC8575589 DOI: 10.21037/tau-20-1131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
With wide availability of potent androgen receptor targeted agents (ARTAs), the incidence of treatment-related neuroendocrine prostate cancer (t-NEPC) has been dramatically increasing. However, there is no standard effective treatment for this disease state. Recent advances in genomic and molecular medicine have identified some critical features of NEPC that would help in understanding the biology of the disease. Furthermore, invaluable pre-clinical in vivo and in vitro research models that represent NEPC have been developed. These advances in research have revealed a large heterogeneity of t-NEPC with varying degree of androgen receptor (AR), neuroendocrine (NE) marker, and cell cycle associated gene expressions, which may have clinical implication in terms of prognosis and treatment selection. Based on these studies, some potential drug targets have been identified, and early clinical trials are ongoing. In the future, more precise disease classification and biomarker-driven selection of patients will be critical for optimization of treatment for patients with NEPC. In the present review, we describe up-to-date findings of recent research on this topic and introduce ongoing therapeutic developments that are expected to lead to novel treatment strategies for NEPC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Okasho
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Osamu Ogawa
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shusuke Akamatsu
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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49
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Wang Y, Wang Y, Ci X, Choi SYC, Crea F, Lin D, Wang Y. Molecular events in neuroendocrine prostate cancer development. Nat Rev Urol 2021; 18:581-596. [PMID: 34290447 PMCID: PMC10802813 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-021-00490-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is a lethal subtype of prostate cancer. NEPC arises de novo only rarely; the disease predominantly develops from adenocarcinoma in response to drug-induced androgen receptor signalling inhibition, although the mechanisms behind this transdifferentiation are a subject of debate. The survival of patients with NEPC is poor, and few effective treatment options are available. To improve clinical outcomes, understanding of the biology and molecular mechanisms regulating NEPC development is crucial. Various NEPC molecular drivers make temporal contributions during NEPC development, and despite the limited treatment options available, several novel targeted therapeutics are currently under research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Xinpei Ci
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Stephen Y C Choi
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Francesco Crea
- School of Life Health and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Dong Lin
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, BC Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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50
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Tiraboschi C, Gentilini L, Velazquez C, Corapi E, Jaworski FM, Garcia Garcia JD, Rondón Y, Chauchereau A, Laderach DJ, Compagno D. Combining inhibition of galectin-3 with and before a therapeutic vaccination is critical for the prostate-tumor-free outcome. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 8:jitc-2020-001535. [PMID: 33293356 PMCID: PMC7725099 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCa) is a major health problem worldwide. Taxol derivatives-based chemotherapies or immunotherapies are usually proposed depending on the symptomatic status of the patient. In the case of immunotherapy, tumors develop robust immune escape mechanisms that abolish any protective response, and to date why prostate cancer is one of the most resistant diseases remains unresolved. METHODS By using a combination of clinical data to study the transcriptome of metastasis samples from patients with castration-refractory prostate cancer, and state of the art cellular and molecular biology assays in samples from tumor-bearing mice that have been submitted to surgical resection of the tumor before receiving a vaccination, we answered several essential questions in the field of immunotherapy for prostate cancer. We also used two different methods to inhibit the expression of galectin-3 (Gal-3) in tumor cells: a stable RNA interference method to control the expression of this galectin efficiently only in tumor cells, and low and non-cytotoxic doses of docetaxel to easily transfer our findings to clinical settings. RESULTS Herein, we show for the first time that Gal-3 expressed by prostate tumor cells is the main immune checkpoint responsible for the failure of vaccine-based immunotherapy. Our results show that low and non-cytotoxic doses of docetaxel lead to the inhibition of Gal-3 expression in PCa cells as well as in clinical samples of patients with metastatic and castration-resistant PCa promoting a Th1 response. We thus optimized a prostate cancer animal model that undergoes surgical resection of the tumor to mimic prostatectomy usually performed in patients. Importantly, using Gal-3-knocked down-PCa cells or low and non-cytotoxic doses of taxane before vaccination, we were able to highly control tumor recurrence through a direct impact on the proliferation and infiltration of CD8+ cytotoxic T. CONCLUSIONS Thus, Gal-3 expression by PCa cells is a crucial inhibitor for the success of immunotherapy, and low doses of docetaxel with non-cytotoxic effect on leukocyte survival could be used before immunotherapy for all patients with PCa to reduce the expression of this critical negative immune checkpoint, pre-conditioning the tumor-microenvironment to activate an antitumor immune response and promote tumor-free outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Tiraboschi
- Quimica biologica, IQUIBICEN-CONICET-UBA, Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucas Gentilini
- Quimica biologica, IQUIBICEN-CONICET-UBA, Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carla Velazquez
- Quimica biologica, IQUIBICEN-CONICET-UBA, Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Enrique Corapi
- Quimica biologica, IQUIBICEN-CONICET-UBA, Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | - Yorfer Rondón
- Quimica biologica, IQUIBICEN-CONICET-UBA, Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Diego José Laderach
- Quimica biologica, IQUIBICEN-CONICET-UBA, Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Universidad Nacional de Lujan, Lujan, Argentina
| | - Daniel Compagno
- Quimica biologica, IQUIBICEN-CONICET-UBA, Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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