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Leow EH, Chong SL, Tan ES, Koh AL, Cham BWM, Yap CJY, Ng YH. Adenine phosphoribosyl transferase (APRT) deficiency and a novel sequence variant in APRT with phenotypic diversity and a literature review. Nephrology (Carlton) 2023; 28:649-654. [PMID: 37619970 DOI: 10.1111/nep.14232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Adenine phosphoribosyl transferase (APRT) deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder and a rare cause of urolithiasis due to mutations in APRT (OMIM #102600). APRT deficiency results in increased urinary excretion of 2,8-dihydroxyadenine (DHA) which can cause urolithiasis and kidney failure. However, with prompt diagnosis, patients with APRT deficiency can be treated with xanthine oxidoreductase inhibitors which decrease urinary DHA excretion and improve outcomes. We report a pair of siblings, an 11-year-old brother and his 14-year-old sister with compound heterozygous variants c.270del (p.Lys91Serfs*46) and c.484_486del (p.Leu162del) in APRT with variable clinical presentation of APRT deficiency. The brother presented at 17 months of age with urolithiasis and severe acute kidney injury. His elder sister remained well and asymptomatic with normal kidney function and did not develop renal calculi. Brownish disk or sphere-like crystals with both concentric and radial markings were reported on urine microscopy in the sister on screening. The sister's diagnosis was confirmed with further laboratory evidence of absent red cell lysate APRT activity with corresponding elevated levels of urinary DHA. In conclusion, we identified a novel mutation in the APRT gene in a pair of siblings with greater phenotypic severity in the male.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Huimin Leow
- Nephrology Service, Department of Paediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Siew Le Chong
- Nephrology Service, Department of Paediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ee Shien Tan
- Genetics Service, Department of Paediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ai Ling Koh
- Genetics Service, Department of Paediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Breana Wen Min Cham
- Genetics Service, Department of Paediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Celeste Jia Ying Yap
- Nephrology Service, Department of Paediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yong Hong Ng
- Nephrology Service, Department of Paediatrics, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
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2
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Wang YN, Zhang ZH, Liu HJ, Guo ZY, Zou L, Zhang YM, Zhao YY. Integrative phosphatidylcholine metabolism through phospholipase A 2 in rats with chronic kidney disease. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:393-405. [PMID: 35922553 PMCID: PMC9889763 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-00947-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation in lipid metabolism is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and also the important risk factors for high morbidity and mortality. Although lipid abnormalities were identified in CKD, integral metabolic pathways for specific individual lipid species remain to be clarified. We conducted ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-high-definition mass spectrometry-based lipidomics and identified plasma lipid species and therapeutic effects of Rheum officinale in CKD rats. Adenine-induced CKD rats were administered Rheum officinale. Urine, blood and kidney tissues were collected for analyses. We showed that exogenous adenine consumption led to declining kidney function in rats. Compared with control rats, a panel of differential plasma lipid species in CKD rats was identified in both positive and negative ion modes. Among the 50 lipid species, phosphatidylcholine (PC), lysophosphatidylcholine (LysoPC) and lysophosphatidic acid (LysoPA) accounted for the largest number of identified metabolites. We revealed that six PCs had integral metabolic pathways, in which PC was hydrolysed into LysoPC, and then converted to LysoPA, which was associated with increased cytosolic phospholipase A2 protein expression in CKD rats. The lower levels of six PCs and their corresponding metabolites could discriminate CKD rats from control rats. Receiver operating characteristic curves showed that each individual lipid species had high values of area under curve, sensitivity and specificity. Administration of Rheum officinale significantly improved impaired kidney function and aberrant PC metabolism in CKD rats. Taken together, this study demonstrates that CKD leads to PC metabolism disorders and that the dysregulation of PC metabolism is involved in CKD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ni Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310053, China
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Zhi-Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Hong-Jiao Liu
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Guo
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Liang Zou
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Ya-Mei Zhang
- Clinical Genetics Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital & Clinical Medical College of Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610081, China
| | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
- Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710069, China.
- Clinical Genetics Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital & Clinical Medical College of Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610081, China.
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3
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Mehalko K, Kim M, Paye S, Koh K, Lu RJ, Benayoun BA. Lack of accelerated ovarian aging in a follicle-stimulating hormone receptor haploinsufficiency model. TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE OF AGING 2023; 7:1-8. [PMID: 36714222 PMCID: PMC9878709 DOI: 10.1016/j.tma.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Follicle-stimulation hormone (FSH) and FSH receptor (FSHR) signaling is essential for lifelong ovarian and endocrine functions in females. Previous studies have reported that Fshr haploinsufficiency in female mice led to accelerated ovarian aging, including anticipated progressive fertility decline, irregular estrus cycles, increased follicular atresia and premature ovarian failure at 7 to 9 months of age. Interestingly, these phenotypes resemble key characteristics of human menopause and thus Fshr haploinsufficiency was proposed as a promising research mouse model of menopause. However, the Fshr haploinsufficiency model had not been fully explored, especially at the molecular level. In this study, we characterized the ovarian and endocrine functions of a Fshr heterozygous knockout allele that was generated on the C57BL/6 genetic background as part of the Knockout Mouse Project (KOMP). Based on our analyses of these mice using a breeding assay, ovarian tissue histology and serum hormone quantifications (i.e. FSH, AMH, INHA) analyses, the KOMP Fshr heterozygous knockout female mice do not show the anticipated phenotypes of ovarian aging in terms of fertility and endocrine function. We further confirmed that the expression of Fshr is unaltered in the ovaries of the KOMP Fshr heterozygous knockout animals compared to wild-type. Together, our data suggests that the KOMP Fshr heterozygous knockout strain does not recapitulate the previously reported ovarian aging phenotypes associated to another model of Fshr haploinsufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Mehalko
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Minhoo Kim
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Sanjana Paye
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Kelly Koh
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Ryan J. Lu
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Bérénice A. Benayoun
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.,Molecular and Computational Biology Department, USC Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.,Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine Department, USC Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.,USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.,USC Stem Cell Initiative, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.,Corresponding Author’s Information: Bérénice A. Benayoun, +1 (213) 821-5997,
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4
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Bouderlique E, Tang E, Perez J, Ea HK, Renaudin F, Coudert A, Vandermeersch S, Bazin D, Haymann JP, Saint-Jacques C, Frochot V, Daudon M, Letavernier E. Inflammation plays a critical role in 2,8-dihydroxyadenine nephropathy. CR CHIM 2022. [DOI: 10.5802/crchim.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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5
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Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease with Extracellular Vesicles from Mesenchymal Stem Cells and CD133 + Expanded Cells: A Comparative Preclinical Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052521. [PMID: 35269664 PMCID: PMC8910174 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by structural abnormalities and the progressive loss of kidney function. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) from human umbilical cord tissue (hUCT)-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and expanded human umbilical cord blood (hUCB)-derived CD133+ cells (eCD133+) maintain the characteristics of the parent cells, providing a new form of cell-free treatment. We evaluated the effects of EVs from hUCT-derived MSCs and hUCB-derived CD133+ cells on rats with CDK induced by an adenine-enriched diet. EVs were isolated by ultracentrifugation and characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and electron microscopy. The animals were randomized and divided into the MSC-EV group, eEPC-EV group and control group. Infusions occurred on the seventh and 14th days after CKD induction. Evaluations of kidney function were carried out by biochemical and histological analyses. Intense labeling of the α-SMA protein was observed when comparing the control with MSC-EVs. In both groups treated with EVs, a significant increase in serum albumin was observed, and the increase in cystatin C was inhibited. The results indicated improvements in renal function in CKD, demonstrating the therapeutic potential of EVs derived from MSCs and eCD133+ cells and suggesting the possibility that in the future, more than one type of EV will be used concurrently.
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Cheng Y, Guo L, Wang M, Chen J, Wang R. Recurrence of 2,8-dihydroxyadenine Crystalline Nephropathy in a Kidney Transplant Recipient: A Case Report and Literature Review. Intern Med 2021; 60:2651-2657. [PMID: 33678741 PMCID: PMC8429296 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.6640-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We herein report the case of a kidney transplant patient with recurrence of obstructive nephropathy that was not diagnosed as adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) deficiency until gene testing identified a pathogenic homozygous variant three years after renal transplantation. Subsequently, the patient was treated with allopurinol, and the allograft function increased progressively to normal. In addition, 20 cases of APRT deficiency in renal transplant recipients were also reviewed. We hope this case increases awareness of APRT deficiency in repeated obstructive nephropathy post-transplantation, which is a treatable disease for which the misdiagnosis or delayed diagnosis should be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamei Cheng
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Zhejiang ProvinceChina
- Zhejiang University Institute of Nephrology, China
| | - Luying Guo
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Zhejiang ProvinceChina
- Zhejiang University Institute of Nephrology, China
| | - Meifang Wang
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Zhejiang ProvinceChina
- Zhejiang University Institute of Nephrology, China
| | - Jianghua Chen
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Zhejiang ProvinceChina
- Zhejiang University Institute of Nephrology, China
| | - Rending Wang
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China
- Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Zhejiang ProvinceChina
- Zhejiang University Institute of Nephrology, China
- Organ Donation and Coordination Office, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China
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7
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Raj TY, Kalaiselvi P, Kannan P, Suren S, Fernando ME. A Rare Genetic Mutation in a Stone Former. Indian J Nephrol 2021; 31:197-200. [PMID: 34267448 PMCID: PMC8240918 DOI: 10.4103/ijn.ijn_366_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A 30-year-old woman with history of passage of stones since childhood presented with oliguria and pedal edema for 10 days. She had hypertension with a creatinine of 4.1 mg/dL. Evaluation showed presence of bilateral multiple renal calculi with features of chronicity of kidney disease. Metabolic work-up for nephrolithiasis turned out to be negative and eventually renal biopsy revealed features of chronic interstitial nephritis with greenish brown refractile crystals in the tubular lumen and interstitium. The possibility of dihydroxy adenine crystalline nephropathy was considered. Spectrophotometry of RBC lysates revealed decreased activity of Adenine phosphoribosyl-transferase enzyme. Gene amplification by PCR and sequential analysis identified a missense mutation in exon 3 region of APRT gene in the patient and her family members. This case report highlights the need to contemplate the diagnosis of DHA crystalline nephropathy in young patients with nephrolithiasis and the identification of a rare genetic mutation, which is being reported for the first time in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yashwanth Raj
- Department of Nephrology, Government Stanley Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Periandavan Kalaiselvi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Taramani campus, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pugazhendhi Kannan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Taramani campus, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sujit Suren
- Department of Nephrology, Government Stanley Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Edwin Fernando
- Department of Nephrology, Government Stanley Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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8
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Guimaraes de Souza Melo C, Nelisis Zanoni J, Raquel Garcia de Souza S, Zignani I, de Lima Leite A, Domingues Heubel A, Vanessa Colombo Martins Perles J, Afonso Rabelo Buzalaf M. Global Proteomic Profile Integrated to Quantitative and Morphometric Assessment of Enteric Neurons: Investigation of the Mechanisms Involved in the Toxicity Induced by Acute Fluoride Exposure in the Duodenum. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:800-814. [PMID: 33689147 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-020-00296-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The enteric nervous system is responsible for controlling the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) functions. Enteric neuropathies are highly correlated to the development of several intestinal disturbances. Fluoride (F) is extensively applied for dental health improvement and its ingestion can promote systemic toxicity with mild to severe GIT symptomatology and neurotoxicity. Although F harmful effects have been published, there is no information regarding noxiousness of a high acute F exposure (25 mg F/kg) on enteric neurons and levels of expression of intestinal proteins in the duodenum. Quantitative proteomics of the duodenum wall associated to morphometric and quantitative analysis of enteric neurons displayed F effects of a high acute exposure. F-induced myenteric neuroplasticity was characterized by a decrease in the density of nitrergic neurons and morphometric alterations in the general populations of neurons, nitrergic neurons, and substance P varicosities. Proteomics demonstrated F-induced alterations in levels of expression of 356 proteins correlated to striated muscle cell differentiation; generation of precursor metabolites and energy; NADH and glutathione metabolic process and purine ribonucleoside triphosphate biosynthesis. The neurochemical role of several intestinal proteins was discussed specially related to the modulation of enteric neuroplasticity. The results provide a new perspective on cell signaling pathways of gastrointestinal symptomatology promoted by acute F toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Isabela Zignani
- Department of Morphophysiological Sciences, State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Aline de Lima Leite
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, Brazil
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9
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Klinkhammer BM, Djudjaj S, Kunter U, Palsson R, Edvardsson VO, Wiech T, Thorsteinsdottir M, Hardarson S, Foresto-Neto O, Mulay SR, Moeller MJ, Jahnen-Dechent W, Floege J, Anders HJ, Boor P. Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Kidney Injury in 2,8-Dihydroxyadenine Nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 2020; 31:799-816. [PMID: 32086278 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2019080827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hereditary deficiency of adenine phosphoribosyltransferase causes 2,8-dihydroxyadenine (2,8-DHA) nephropathy, a rare condition characterized by formation of 2,8-DHA crystals within renal tubules. Clinical relevance of rodent models of 2,8-DHA crystal nephropathy induced by excessive adenine intake is unknown. METHODS Using animal models and patient kidney biopsies, we assessed the pathogenic sequelae of 2,8-DHA crystal-induced kidney damage. We also used knockout mice to investigate the role of TNF receptors 1 and 2 (TNFR1 and TNFR2), CD44, or alpha2-HS glycoprotein (AHSG), all of which are involved in the pathogenesis of other types of crystal-induced nephropathies. RESULTS Adenine-enriched diet in mice induced 2,8-DHA nephropathy, leading to progressive kidney disease, characterized by crystal deposits, tubular injury, inflammation, and fibrosis. Kidney injury depended on crystal size. The smallest crystals were endocytosed by tubular epithelial cells. Crystals of variable size were excreted in urine. Large crystals obstructed whole tubules. Medium-sized crystals induced a particular reparative process that we term extratubulation. In this process, tubular cells, in coordination with macrophages, overgrew and translocated crystals into the interstitium, restoring the tubular luminal patency; this was followed by degradation of interstitial crystals by granulomatous inflammation. Patients with adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency showed similar histopathological findings regarding crystal morphology, crystal clearance, and renal injury. In mice, deletion of Tnfr1 significantly reduced tubular CD44 and annexin two expression, as well as inflammation, thereby ameliorating the disease course. In contrast, genetic deletion of Tnfr2, Cd44, or Ahsg had no effect on the manifestations of 2,8-DHA nephropathy. CONCLUSIONS Rodent models of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of 2,8-DHA nephropathy and crystal clearance have clinical relevance and offer insight into potential future targets for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Thorsten Wiech
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; and
| | | | - Sverrir Hardarson
- Department of Pathology Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Shrikant R Mulay
- Division of Nephrology, Klinikum der Universität, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Hans-Joachim Anders
- Division of Nephrology, Klinikum der Universität, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Boor
- Institute of Pathology, .,Division of Nephrology and Immunology.,Department of Electron Microscopy, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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10
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Ren Z, Piepenburg AJ, Yang X, Cook ME. Effect of anti-fibroblast growth factor 23 antibody on phosphate and calcium metabolism in adenine gavaged laying hens. Poult Sci 2019; 98:4896-4900. [PMID: 31064011 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary factors such as adenine have been linked to phosphate-calcium metabolism disturbance and adverse productive outcomes. Anti-fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) antibody has been proposed to ameliorate adenine-induced abnormal FGF23/phosphate metabolism. This experiment was conducted to investigate the application of anti-FGF-23 antibody in adenine-gavaged laying hens. Single Comb White Leghorn laying hens with (n = 10) or without (control group, n = 10) systemic anti-FGF-23 antibody were orally gavaged with adenine (600 mg/hen/D) for 21 consecutive days. Adenine gavage increased (P ≤ 0.01) plasma phosphate and calcium levels and tended to increase (0.05 < P ≤ 0.1) plasma 1,25-dihydroxy-cholecalciferol [1,25(OH)2D3] level of hens without FGF-23 antibody. In hen with anti-FGF-23 antibody, adenine gavage increased (P ≤ 0.01) body weight and plasma calcium level and decreased (P ≤ 0.05) plasma FGF-23 level. Feed intake of hens in both treatments was suddenly decreased (control hens decreased from 111 to 55 g, P ≤ 0.01; anti-FGF-23 hens decreased from 96 to 46 g, P ≤ 0.01) 10 D after adenine gavage. Anti-FGF-23 antibody tended to increase (0.05 < P ≤ 0.1) plasma phosphorus level of hens before adenine gavage, interestingly, and decreased (P ≤ 0.01) plasma FGF-23 level and kidney index (% of body weight) of hens after adenine gavage. In conclusion, anti-FGF-23 antibody might be used (before or in the early stage) to delay the development of adenine-induced abnormal FGF23/phosphate metabolism. This is the first study to investigate the FGF-23 status in chickens suffering from dietary factors which may cause abnormal renal phosphate resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouzheng Ren
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, 22 XiNong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.,Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Alexis J Piepenburg
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Xiaojun Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, 22 XiNong Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Mark E Cook
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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11
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Ullah MM, Ow CPC, Hilliard Krause LM, Evans RG. Renal oxygenation during the early stages of adenine-induced chronic kidney disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 317:F1189-F1200. [DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00253.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To assess whether renal hypoxia is an early event in adenine-induced chronic kidney disease, adenine (100 mg) or its vehicle was administered to male Sprague-Dawley rats by daily oral gavage for 7 days. Kidney oxygenation was assessed by 1) blood oximetry and Clark electrode in thiobutabarbital-anesthetized rats, 2) radiotelemetry in unanesthetized rats, and 3) expression of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α and HIF-2α protein. After 7 days of treatment, under anesthesia, renal O2 delivery was 51% less, whereas renal O2 consumption was 65% less, in adenine-treated rats than in vehicle-treated rats. Tissue Po2 measured by Clark electrode was similar in the renal cortex but 44% less in the medulla of adenine-treated rats than in that of vehicle-treated rats. In contrast, in unanesthetized rats, both cortical and medullary tissue Po2 measured by radiotelemetry remained stable across 7 days of adenine treatment. Notably, anesthesia and laparotomy led to greater reductions in medullary tissue Po2 measured by radiotelemetry in rats treated with adenine (37%) than in vehicle-treated rats (16%), possibly explaining differences between our observations with Clark electrodes and radiotelemetry. Renal expression of HIF-1α was less after 7 days of adenine treatment than after vehicle treatment, whereas expression of HIF-2α did not differ significantly between the two groups. Renal dysfunction was evident after 7 days of adenine treatment, with glomerular filtration rate 65% less and serum creatinine concentration 183% greater in adenine-treated rats than in vehicle-treated rats. Renal cortical tissue hypoxia may not precede renal dysfunction in adenine-induced chronic kidney disease and so may not be an early pathological feature in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mahbub Ullah
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Connie P. C. Ow
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Cardiac Physiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Lucinda M. Hilliard Krause
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Roger G. Evans
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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12
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Henao Agudelo JS, Baia LC, Ormanji MS, Santos ARP, Machado JR, Saraiva Câmara NO, Navis GJ, de Borst MH, Heilberg IP. Fish Oil Supplementation Reduces Inflammation but Does Not Restore Renal Function and Klotho Expression in an Adenine-Induced CKD Model. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10091283. [PMID: 30208590 PMCID: PMC6164930 DOI: 10.3390/nu10091283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Chronic kidney disease and inflammation promote loss of Klotho expression. Given the well-established anti-inflammatory effects of omega-3 fatty acids, we aimed to investigate the effect of fish oil supplementation in a model of CKD. Methods: Male C57BL/6 mice received supplementation with an adenine-enriched diet (AD, n = 5) or standard diet (CTL, n = 5) for 10 days. Two other experimental groups were kept under the adenine diet for 10 days. Following adenine withdrawal on the 11th day, the animals returned to a standard diet supplemented with fish oil (Post AD-Fish oil, n = 9) or not (Post AD-CTL, n = 9) for an additional period of 7 days. Results: Adenine mice exhibited significantly higher mean serum urea, creatinine, and renal expression of the pro-inflammatory markers Interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10), and Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), in addition to prominent renal fibrosis and reduced renal Klotho gene expression compared to the control. Post AD-Fish oil animals demonstrated a significant reduction of IL-6, C-X-C motif chemokine 9 (CXCL9), and IL-1β compared to Post AD-CTL animals. However, serum creatinine, renal fibrosis, and Klotho were not significantly different in the fish oil-treated group. Furthermore, renal histomorphological changes such as tubular dilatation and interstitial infiltration persisted despite treatment. Conclusions: Fish oil supplementation reduced renal pro-inflammatory markers but was not able to restore renal function nor Klotho expression in an adenine-induced CKD model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan S Henao Agudelo
- Division of Nephrology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Botucatu 740, 04023-900 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Leandro C Baia
- Division of Nephrology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Botucatu 740, 04023-900 São Paulo, Brazil.
- Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen (UMCG), P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Milene S Ormanji
- Division of Nephrology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Botucatu 740, 04023-900 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Amandda R P Santos
- Division of Nephrology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Botucatu 740, 04023-900 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Juliana R Machado
- Tropical Medicine & Public Health, Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Rua 235 s/n-University Sector, 74605-050 Goiânia, Brazil.
| | - Niels O Saraiva Câmara
- Division of Nephrology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Botucatu 740, 04023-900 São Paulo, Brazil.
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 1730, ICB IV, Sala 238, 05508-000 São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Gerjan J Navis
- Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen (UMCG), P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Martin H de Borst
- Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen (UMCG), P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Ita P Heilberg
- Division of Nephrology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Botucatu 740, 04023-900 São Paulo, Brazil.
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13
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Rivera-Valdés JJ, García-Bañuelos J, Salazar-Montes A, García-Benavides L, Rosales-Dominguez A, Armendáriz-Borunda J, Sandoval-Rodríguez A. Human adipose derived stem cells regress fibrosis in a chronic renal fibrotic model induced by adenine. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187907. [PMID: 29281649 PMCID: PMC5744925 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS ADSCs transplantation had been shown in some experimental models of kidney damage that it improves kidney function and reduces fibrosis. In this study we evaluated the effect of human adipose tissue-derived stem cell (hADSC) therapy in a chronic kidney damage experimental model. METHODS A chronic kidney injury was induced by daily orogastric administration of adenine (100mg/kg) to male Wistar rats for 28 days. hADSCs were isolated, expanded and characterized before transplantation. hADSC administration was performed in a tail vein at a dose of 2 x106 cells/animal. Animals were sacrificed at 7 days post-treatment. The percentage of fibrotic tissue, serum and urine levels of urea, creatinine, total protein and renal mRNA of COL1A1, TGFB1, CTGF, ACTA2, IL6, IL10, TNF were analyzed. RESULTS hADSCs treatment significantly reduces kidney fibrosis, improves urea and creatinine serum and urine levels, and diminishes COL1A1, TGFB1, CTGF, ACTA2 mRNA kidney levels. CONCLUSIONS These results showed that cell therapy using hADSCs improves renal function and reduces fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan José Rivera-Valdés
- Institute for Molecular Biology in Medicine and Gene Therapy, Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Health Sciences University Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Jesus García-Bañuelos
- Institute for Molecular Biology in Medicine and Gene Therapy, Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Health Sciences University Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Adriana Salazar-Montes
- Institute for Molecular Biology in Medicine and Gene Therapy, Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Health Sciences University Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Leonel García-Benavides
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Tonala University Center, University of Guadalajara, Tonala, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Rosales-Dominguez
- Chronic-Degenerative Diseases Institute, Health Sciences University Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Juan Armendáriz-Borunda
- Institute for Molecular Biology in Medicine and Gene Therapy, Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Health Sciences University Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Ana Sandoval-Rodríguez
- Institute for Molecular Biology in Medicine and Gene Therapy, Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Health Sciences University Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
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14
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In-silico gene essentiality analysis of polyamine biosynthesis reveals APRT as a potential target in cancer. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14358. [PMID: 29084986 PMCID: PMC5662602 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14067-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Constraint-based modeling for genome-scale metabolic networks has emerged in the last years as a promising approach to elucidate drug targets in cancer. Beyond the canonical biosynthetic routes to produce biomass, it is of key importance to focus on metabolic routes that sustain the proliferative capacity through the regulation of other biological means in order to improve in-silico gene essentiality analyses. Polyamines are polycations with central roles in cancer cell proliferation, through the regulation of transcription and translation among other things, but are typically neglected in in silico cancer metabolic models. In this study, we analysed essential genes for the biosynthesis of polyamines. Our analysis corroborates the importance of previously known regulators of the pathway, such as Adenosylmethionine Decarboxylase 1 (AMD1) and uncovers novel enzymes predicted to be relevant for polyamine homeostasis. We focused on Adenine Phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) and demonstrated the detrimental consequence of APRT gene silencing on different leukaemia cell lines. Our results highlight the importance of revisiting the metabolic models used for in-silico gene essentiality analyses in order to maximize the potential for drug target identification in cancer.
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15
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Stambrook PJ, Maher J, Farzaneh F. Cancer Immunotherapy: Whence and Whither. Mol Cancer Res 2017; 15:635-650. [PMID: 28356330 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-16-0427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The current concepts and practice of cancer immunotherapy evolved from classical experiments that distinguished "self" from "non-self" and the finding that humoral immunity is complemented by cellular immunity. Elucidation of the biology underlying immune checkpoints and interactions between ligands and ligand receptors that govern the immune system's ability to recognize tumor cells as foreign has led to the emergence of new strategies that mobilize the immune system to reverse this apparent tolerance. Some of these approaches have led to new therapies such as the use of mAbs to interfere with the immune checkpoint. Others have exploited molecular technologies to reengineer a subset of T cells to directly engage and kill tumor cells, particularly those of B-cell malignancies. However, before immunotherapy can become a more effective method of cancer care, there are many challenges that remain to be addressed and hurdles to overcome. Included are manipulation of tumor microenvironment (TME) to enhance T effector cell infiltration and access to the tumor, augmentation of tumor MHC expression for adequate presentation of tumor associated antigens, regulation of cytokines and their potential adverse effects, and reduced risk of secondary malignancies as a consequence of mutations generated by the various forms of genetic engineering of immune cells. Despite these challenges, the future of immunotherapy as a standard anticancer therapy is encouraging. Mol Cancer Res; 15(6); 635-50. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Stambrook
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.
| | - John Maher
- Kings College London, CAR Mechanics Group, Guy's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Farzin Farzaneh
- Division of Cancer Studies, Department of Haematological Medicine, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
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16
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Huang Y, Bo Y, Wu X, Wang Q, Qin F, Zhao L, Xiong Z. An intergated serum and urinary metabonomic research based on UPLC-MS and therapeutic effects of Gushudan on prednisolone-induced osteoporosis rats. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1027:119-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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17
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Aguiar CF, Naffah-de-Souza C, Castoldi A, Corrêa-Costa M, Braga TT, Naka ÉL, Amano MT, Abate DTRS, Hiyane MI, Cenedeze MA, Pacheco e Silva Filho A, Câmara NOS. Administration of α-Galactosylceramide Improves Adenine-Induced Renal Injury. Mol Med 2015; 21:553-62. [PMID: 26101952 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2014.00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer T (NKT) cells are a subset of lymphocytes that reacts to glycolipids presented by CD1d. Invariant NKT cells (iNKT) correspond to >90% of the total population of NKTs and reacts to α-galactosylceramide (αGalCer). αGalCer promotes a complex mixture of Th1 and Th2 cytokines, as interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-4. NKT cells and IFN-γ are known to participate in some models of renal diseases, but further studies are still necessary to elucidate their mechanisms. The aim of our study was to analyze the participation of iNKT cells in an experimental model of tubule-interstitial nephritis. We used 8-wk-old C57BL/6j, Jα18KO and IFN-γKO mice. They were fed a 0.25% adenine diet for 10 d. Both adenine-fed wild-type (WT) and Jα18KO mice exhibited renal dysfunction, but adenine-fed Jα18KO mice presented higher expression of kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and type I collagen. To analyze the role of activated iNKT cells in our model, we administered αGalCer in WT mice during adenine ingestion. After αGalCer injection, we observed a significant reduction in serum creatinine, proinflammatory cytokines and renal fibrosis. However, this improvement in renal function was not observed in IFN-γKO mice after αGalCer treatment and adenine feeding, illustrating that this cytokine plays a role in our model. Our findings may suggest that IFN-γ production is one of the factors contributing to improved renal function after αGalCer administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristhiane Favero Aguiar
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Nephrology Division, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Naffah-de-Souza
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Angela Castoldi
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Matheus Corrêa-Costa
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tárcio T Braga
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Érika L Naka
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Nephrology Division, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariane T Amano
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Débora T R S Abate
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Meire I Hiyane
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos A Cenedeze
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Nephrology Division, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alvaro Pacheco e Silva Filho
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Nephrology Division, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein, Renal Transplantation Unit, Albert Einstein Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Niels O S Câmara
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Nephrology Division, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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18
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Mori-Kawabe M, Yasuda Y, Ito M, Matsuo S. Reduction of NO-mediated Relaxing Effects in the Thoracic Aorta in an Experimental Chronic Kidney Disease Mouse Model. J Atheroscler Thromb 2015; 22:845-53. [PMID: 25740549 DOI: 10.5551/jat.28191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is known to frequently cause cardiovascular events. However, it is unclear how renal dysfunction affects the vascular response. We herein studied the effects of renal dysfunction on the aortic behavior in adenine-fed mice, investigating mechanisms underlying the occurrence of cardiovascular events in CKD patients. METHODS Biochemical analyses of the plasma creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and glucose levels and measurements of the blood pressure were performed using C57BL/6 mice fed with and without an adenine-containing diet. The relaxing effects of acetylcholine (ACh) or sodium nitropurusside (SNP) and effects of NO synthase (NOS) inhibitors on the contractions induced by phenylephrine (PE) were measured in endothelium-intact aortas obtained from both mice. RESULTS The mice fed 0.25% adenine for four weeks showed greater plasma creatinine and BUN concentrations than the control mice, suggesting that adenine-fed mice are a useful CKD model. Furthermore, ACh relaxed the PE-stimulated, endothelium-intact aortas, the effect of which was less potent in the adenine-fed mice than in the control mice. In contrast, the degree of SNP-induced relaxation of the aortas was the same in the adenine-fed mice and control mice. The α1-adrenergic agonist, PE, induced more potent absolute tension of the endothelium-intact aortas in the CKD model mice than in the control mice, while the NOS inhibitors, N-nitro-L-arginine (LNA) and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) enhanced the contraction effects of PE in both mice. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study indicate that spontaneous and stimulated NO release from the endothelium is decreased in the CKD model mouse aorta. The NO-mediated correlation between renal and elastic arterial endothelial dysfunction is suggested to be a cause of cardiovascular events in patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Mori-Kawabe
- Department of Pharmacology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
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19
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Macrophage trafficking as key mediator of adenine-induced kidney injury. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:291024. [PMID: 25132730 PMCID: PMC4124723 DOI: 10.1155/2014/291024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play a special role in the onset of several diseases, including acute and chronic kidney injuries. In this sense, tubule interstitial nephritis (TIN) represents an underestimated insult, which can be triggered by different stimuli and, in the absence of a proper regulation, can lead to fibrosis deposition. Based on this perception, we evaluated the participation of macrophage recruitment in the development of TIN. Initially, we provided adenine-enriched food to WT and searched for macrophage presence and action in the kidney. Also, a group of animals were depleted of macrophages with the clodronate liposome while receiving adenine-enriched diet. We collected blood and renal tissue from these animals and renal function, inflammation, and fibrosis were evaluated. We observed higher expression of chemokines in the kidneys of adenine-fed mice and a substantial protection when macrophages were depleted. Then, we specifically investigated the role of some key chemokines, CCR5 and CCL3, in this TIN experimental model. Interestingly, CCR5 KO and CCL3 KO animals showed less renal dysfunction and a decreased proinflammatory profile. Furthermore, in those animals, there was less profibrotic signaling. In conclusion, we can suggest that macrophage infiltration is important for the onset of renal injury in the adenine-induced TIN.
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20
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Zhao YY, Li HT, Feng YL, Bai X, Lin RC. Urinary metabonomic study of the surface layer of Poria cocos as an effective treatment for chronic renal injury in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 148:403-410. [PMID: 23612421 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Poria cocos Wolf (Polyporaceae) is a well-known medicinal fungus. The epidermis of the sclerotia ("Fu-Ling-Pi" in Chinese) is used as a diuretic and traditionally used for promoting urination and reduce edema. AIM OF THE STUDY Traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) treat many diseases through multi-components, multi-ways and multi-targets. However, the molecular mechanisms of TCM are not yet well understood. In the present work, ultra performance liquid chromatography-based metabonomics analysis was applied to investigate the urinary metabolite profiling of the renoprotective effect of FLP on adenine-induced chronic kidney disease (CKD) rat model and involved possible mechanism. MATERIAL AND METHODS A metabonomic approach based on ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight high-sensitivity mass spectrometry and a novel mass spectrometry(Elevated Energy) data collection technique was developed. The resulting dataset was analyzed by principal component analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis. The identification of all potential biomarkers was performed using reference standard by comparing their mass spectra, MS(E) fragments information, isotopic pattern and MassLynx i-FIT algorithm. RESULTS By partial least squares-discriminate analysis, 15 biomarkers in rat urine were identified and 11 of them were related to the pathway of adenine metabolism and amino acid metabolism. Among these biomarkers, eight biomarkers like adenine, L-acetylcarnitine, 8-hydroxyadenine, hypoxanthine, creatine, methionine, phytosphingosine and phenylalanine were reversed to the control level in FLP-treated group and six biomarkers like 2,8-dihydroxyadenine, indole-3-carboxylic acid, 3-methyldioxyindole, ethyl-N2-acetyl-L-argininate, 3-O-methyldopa and xanthurenic acid were reversed to high control group by FLP, which indicates that the urinary metabolic pattern significantly changed after FLP treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that FLP treatment can ameliorate CKD by intervening in some dominating metabolic pathways, such as adenine metabolism and amino acid metabolism. The metabonomic results not only supplied a systematic view of the development and progression of CKD and mechanism studies of FLP but also provided the theoretical basis for the prevention or treatment of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Yong Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, the Fourth Military Medical University, No. 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an 710032, PR China.
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21
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Kronenberg A, Gauny S, Kwoh E, Grossi G, Dan C, Grygoryev D, Lasarev M, Turker MS. Comparative Analysis of Cell Killing and Autosomal Mutation in Mouse Kidney Epithelium Exposed to 1 GeV ProtonsIn VitroorIn Vivo. Radiat Res 2013; 179:511-20. [DOI: 10.1667/rr3182.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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22
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Renal metabolic profiling of early renal injury and renoprotective effects of Poria cocos epidermis using UPLC Q-TOF/HSMS/MSE. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2013; 81-82:202-9. [PMID: 23670099 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Revised: 03/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Poria cocos epidermis is one of ancient traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), which is usually used for the treatment of chronic kidney disease (CKD) for thousands of years in China. A metabonomic approach based on ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight high-sensitivity mass spectrometry (UPLC Q-TOF/HSMS) and a mass spectrometry(Elevated Energy) (MS(E)) data collection technique was developed to obtained a systematic view of the development and progression of CKD and biochemistry mechanism of therapeutic effects of P. cocos epidermis (Fu-Ling-Pi, FLP). By partial least squares-discriminate analysis, 19 metabolites were identified as potential biomarkers of CKD. Among the 19 biomarkers, 10 biomarkers including eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, lysoPC(20:4), lysoPC(18:2), lysoPC(15:0), lysoPE(20:0/0:0), indoxyl sulfate, hippuric acid, p-cresol sulfate and allantoin were reversed to the control level in FLP-treated groups. The study indicates that FLP treatment can ameliorate CKD by intervening in some dominating metabolic pathways, such as fatty acid metabolism, phospholipid metabolism, purine metabolism and tryptophan metabolism. This work was for the first time to investigate the FLP therapeutic effect based on metabonomics technology, which is a potentially powerful tool to study the TCMs.
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23
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Turker MS, Grygoryev D, Dan C, Eckelmann B, Lasarev M, Gauny S, Kwoh E, Kronenberg A. Autosomal mutations in mouse kidney epithelial cells exposed to high-energy protons in vivo or in culture. Radiat Res 2013; 179:521-9. [PMID: 23560630 DOI: 10.1667/rr3174.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Proton exposure induces mutations and cancer, which are presumably linked. Because protons are abundant in the space environment and significant uncertainties exist for the effects of space travel on human health, the purpose of this study was to identify the types of mutations induced by exposure of mammalian cells to 4-5 Gy of 1 GeV protons. We used an assay that selects for mutations affecting the chromosome 8-encoded Aprt locus in mouse kidney cells and selected mutants after proton exposure both in vivo and in cell culture. A loss of heterozygosity (LOH) assay for DNA preparations from the in vivo-derived kidney mutants revealed that protons readily induced large mutational events. Fluorescent in situ hybridization painting for chromosome 8 showed that >70% of proton-induced LOH patterns resembling mitotic recombination were in fact the result of nonreciprocal chromosome translocations, thereby demonstrating an important role for DNA double-strand breaks in proton mutagenesis. Large interstitial deletions, which also require the formation and resolution of double-strand breaks, were significantly induced in the cell culture environment (14% of all mutants), but to a lesser extend in vivo (2% of all mutants) suggesting that the resolution of proton-induced double-strand breaks can differ between the intact tissue and cell culture microenvironments. In total, the results demonstrate that double-strand break formation is a primary determinant for proton mutagenesis in epithelial cell types and suggest that resultant LOH for significant genomic regions play a critical role in proton-induced cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell S Turker
- Center for Research on Occupational and Environmental Toxicology CROET, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA.
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24
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Zhao YY, Cheng XL, Wei F, Bai X, Tan XJ, Lin RC, Mei Q. Intrarenal Metabolomic Investigation of Chronic Kidney Disease and its TGF-β1 Mechanism in Induced-adenine Rats using UPLC Q-TOF/HSMS/MSE. J Proteome Res 2013; 12:692-703. [DOI: 10.1021/pr3007792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Yong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology
and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, the College
of Life Sciences, Northwest University,
No.229 Taibai North Road, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Xian-Long Cheng
- National Institutes for Food
and Drug Control, State Food and Drug Administration, No. 2 Tiantan Xili, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Feng Wei
- National Institutes for Food
and Drug Control, State Food and Drug Administration, No. 2 Tiantan Xili, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xu Bai
- Waters Technologies (Shanghai) Ltd., No. 1387 Zhangdong Road, Shanghai 201203,
China
| | - Xiao-Jie Tan
- Waters Technologies (Shanghai) Ltd., No. 1387 Zhangdong Road, Shanghai 201203,
China
| | - Rui-Chao Lin
- National Institutes for Food
and Drug Control, State Food and Drug Administration, No. 2 Tiantan Xili, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Qibing Mei
- Department of Pharmacology,
School of Pharmacy, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
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25
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Supramolecular Polymeric Chemosensor for Biomedical Applications: Design and Synthesis of a Luminescent Zinc Metallopolymer as a Chemosensor for Adenine Detection. J Fluoresc 2012; 22:1539-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-012-1092-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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26
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Harambat J, Bollée G, Daudon M, Ceballos-Picot I, Bensman A. Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency in children. Pediatr Nephrol 2012; 27:571-9. [PMID: 22212387 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-011-2037-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Revised: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 09/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by 2,8-dihydroxyadenine (2,8-DHA) crystalluria that can cause nephrolithiasis and chronic kidney disease. The aim of our study was to assess the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and outcome of APRT deficiency in a large pediatric cohort. All pediatric cases of APRT deficiency confirmed at the same French reference laboratories between 1978 and 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. Twenty-one patients from 18 families were identified. The median age at diagnosis was 3 years. Diagnosis was made after one or more episodes of nephrolithiasis (17 patients), after urinary tract infection (1 patient), and by family screening (3 patients). The diagnosis was based on stone analysis and microscopic examination of urine and/or enzymatic determination of APRT on red blood cells. All children had null APRT enzyme activity in erythrocytes. APRT gene sequencing was performed on 18 patients, revealing six homozygous and 12 compound heterozygous mutations. At diagnosis, half of the patients had decreased kidney function, and two children presented with acute renal failure. Allopurinol treatment was given to all patients at a median dose of 9 mg/kg/day. After a median follow-up of 5 years, all patients showed stabilization or improvement of kidney function, normal growth and development, and six patients had recurrence of nephrolithiasis. Based on these results, we conclude that an excellent outcome can be achieved in children with APRT deficiency who receive the proper treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Harambat
- Service de Pédiatrie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux, Centre de référence Maladies Rénales Rares du Sud Ouest, Bordeaux, France.
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27
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Zhao YY, Liu J, Cheng XL, Bai X, Lin RC. Urinary metabonomics study on biochemical changes in an experimental model of chronic renal failure by adenine based on UPLC Q-TOF/MS. Clin Chim Acta 2011; 413:642-9. [PMID: 22227165 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2011.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Revised: 12/16/2011] [Accepted: 12/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic renal failure (CRF) is a serious clinical symptom, occurring as the end result of all kinds of chronic kidney disease and its pathophysiological mechanism is not yet well understood. We investigated the metabolic profiling of urine samples from CRF model rats to find potential disease biomarkers and research pathology of CRF. METHODS An animal model of CRF was produced by adenine. Metabolic profiling of the urine was performed by using ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC Q-TOF/MS). Acquired data were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA) for differentiating the CRF and the normal control groups. Potential biomarkers were screened by using S-plot and were identified by the accurate mass, isotopic pattern and MS(E) fragments information obtained from UPLC Q-TOF/MS analysis. RESULTS 12 metabolites in urine were identified as potential biomarkers. Adenine-induced CRF rats were characterized by the increase of phytosphingosine, adrenosterone, tryptophan, 2,8-dihydroxyadenine, creatinine, and dihydrosphingosine together with the decrease of N-acetylleucine, 3-O-methyldopa, ethyl-N2-acetyl-L-argininate, dopamine, phenylalanine and kynurenic acid in urine. The altered metabolites demonstrated perturbations of amino acids metabolism, phospholipids metabolism and creatinine metabolism in CRF rats. CONCLUSION This work shows that metabonomics method is a valuable tool in CRF mechanism study and assists in clinical diagnosis of CRF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Yong Zhao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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Correa-Costa M, Braga TT, Semedo P, Hayashida CY, Bechara LRG, Elias RM, Barreto CR, Silva-Cunha C, Hyane MI, Gonçalves GM, Brum PC, Fujihara C, Zatz R, Pacheco-Silva A, Zamboni DS, Camara NOS. Pivotal role of Toll-like receptors 2 and 4, its adaptor molecule MyD88, and inflammasome complex in experimental tubule-interstitial nephritis. PLoS One 2011; 6:e29004. [PMID: 22194975 PMCID: PMC3237574 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Accepted: 11/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tubule-interstitial nephritis (TIN) results in decreased renal function and interstitial inflammation, which ultimately leads to fibrosis. Excessive adenine intake can cause TIN because xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) can convert this purine into an insoluble compound, which precipitates in the tubuli. Innate immune sensors, such as Toll-like receptors (TLR) and inflammasome complex, play a crucial role in the initiation of inflammation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the roles of TLR-2 and -4, Myd88 and inflammasome complex in an experimental model of TIN. Here, we show that wild-type (WT) mice fed adenine-enriched food exhibited significant renal dysfunction and enhanced cellular infiltration accompanied by collagen deposition. They also presented higher gene and protein expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In contrast, TLR-2, -4, MyD88, ASC and Caspase-1 KO mice showed renoprotection associated with expression of inflammatory molecules at levels comparable to controls. Furthermore, treatment of WT animals with allopurinol, an XDH inhibitor, led to reduced levels of uric acid, oxidative stress, collagen deposition and a downregulation of the NF-kB signaling pathway. We concluded that MyD88 signaling and inflammasome participate in the development of TIN. Furthermore, inhibition of XDH seems to be a promising way to therapeutically target the developing inflammatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Correa-Costa
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tarcio Teodoro Braga
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia Semedo
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Nephrology Division, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caroline Yuri Hayashida
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Rosa Maria Elias
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Nephrology Division, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudiene Rodrigues Barreto
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Nephrology Division, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudia Silva-Cunha
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Meire Ioshie Hyane
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giselle Martins Gonçalves
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia Chakur Brum
- School of Physical Education and Sport, University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Clarice Fujihara
- Renal Division, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberto Zatz
- Renal Division, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alvaro Pacheco-Silva
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Nephrology Division, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa Albert Einstein. Renal Transplantation Unit, Albert Einstein Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dario S. Zamboni
- Department of Cell Biology, Medical School Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Niels Olsen Saraiva Camara
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunobiology, Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences IV, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Nephrology Division, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Denissova NG, Tereshchenko IV, Cui E, Stambrook PJ, Shao C, Tischfield JA. Ionizing radiation is a potent inducer of mitotic recombination in mouse embryonic stem cells. Mutat Res 2011; 715:1-6. [PMID: 21802432 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2011.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2011] [Revised: 05/30/2011] [Accepted: 06/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Maintenance of genomic integrity in embryonic cells is pivotal to proper embryogenesis, organogenesis and to the continuity of species. Cultured mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs), a model for early embryonic cells, differ from cultured somatic cells in their capacity to remodel chromatin, in their repertoire of DNA repair enzymes, and in the regulation of cell cycle checkpoints. Using 129XC3HF1 mESCs heterozygous for Aprt, we characterized loss of Aprt heterozygosity after exposure to ionizing radiation. We report here that the frequency of loss of heterozygosity mutants in mESCs can be induced several hundred-fold by exposure to 5-10Gy of X-rays. This induction is 50-100-fold higher than the induction reported for mouse adult or embryonic fibroblasts. The primary mechanism underlying the elevated loss of heterozygosity after irradiation is mitotic recombination, with lesser contributions from deletions and gene conversions that span Aprt. Aprt point mutations and epigenetic inactivation are very rare in mESCs compared to fibroblasts. Mouse ESCs, therefore, are distinctive in their response to ionizing radiation and studies of differentiated cells may underestimate the mutagenic effects of ionizing radiation on ESC or other stem cells. Our findings are important to understanding the biological effects of ionizing radiation on early development and carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia G Denissova
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, 145 Bevier Rd, NJ 08854, United States
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[2,8-dihydroxyadenine urolithiasis: case report and literature review]. Urologia 2011; 78:305-9. [PMID: 21553389 DOI: 10.5301/ru.2011.8307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION 2,8-Dihydroxyadenine (DHA) urolithiasis is a rare type of urinary stone disease secondary to deficiency of adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) activity, a rare, inherited autosomal recessive disease with an incidental rate from 0.4 to 1.2%. The prevalence is higher among Japanese than other ethnic groups. APRT normally catalyzes the conversion of adenine to adenosine monophosphate and its deficiency results in 2,8-dihydroxyadenine (2,8-DHA) accumulation. This compound is extremely insoluble and its crystallization can lead to stone formation and renal failure. We report the case of 2,8-dihydroxyadenine (DHA) urolithiasis in a 52-year-old male patient. MATERIAL AND METHODS In December 2008 a 52-year-old Caucasian man was admitted to our hospital with sudden pain in the left lumbar region. Abdominal X-ray did not show any radiopaque urinary stone. I.V. pielography showed a radiolucent left lumbar ureteral (0.6 mm) and renal (1.5 cm) stone. After therapy with tamsulosin, the ureteral stone was excreted. Successful ESWL treatment was performed for renal stone. He presented a clinical history of several episodes of bilateral renal colic and two prior ESWL treatment for radiolucent stones. Chemolitholysis was never successful. RESULTS. Stone analysis by infrared spectroscopy and microscopic examination of urine reveal typical 2,8-DHA crystals. APRT deficiency was detected in the hemolysate of erythrocyte. Partial deficiency of APRT in the patient's relatives showed heterozygosity of the enzyme defect. Allopurinol therapy successfully prevented further stone formation. 20 months later the patient remains stone free. CONCLUSION Two types of deficit are commonly distinguished, depending on the level of residual APRT activity. Type I is complete enzyme deficiency. Type II shows residual activity in cell lysates, but enzyme activity is not demonstrable in intact cells. About 78% of the Japanese patients belong to type II. The diagnosis of the disease is based on stone analysis by infrared spectroscopy or microscopic examination of urine, which may reveal typical 2,8-DHA crystals. Molecular approach can identify mutations, which are responsible of this inherited disease. Excessive water intake, restriction of foods with high adenine contents and administration of allopurinol are useful treatments. APRT deficiency is a rare disease but we can consider this pathology in case of recurrent radiolucent stones after chemolitolysis.
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Dan C, Grygoryev D, Sandfort K, Connolly M, Cross B, Lasarev M, Kronenberg A, Turker MS. Marked aneuploidy and loss of multiple chromosomes are common in autosomal mutants isolated from normal mouse kidney epithelium. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2011; 50:239-49. [PMID: 21254298 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.20849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2010] [Accepted: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Marked aneuploidy and loss of multiple chromosomes are hallmarks of cancer, but whether these events are only present in malignant cells is not known. In prior work, we showed that approximately half of spontaneous autosomal mutants isolated directly from normal kidney epithelium arose from loss of a marker chromosome 8 containing the wild type Aprt gene. Chromosome loss was detected by loss of heterozygosity (LOH) for all chromosome 8 polymorphic loci examined. To determine whether loss of chromosome 8 reflected a larger mitotic event, LOH was examined for polymorphic loci on 11 nonselected chromosomes in Aprt mutants that lost the selected chromosome 8 homologue. LOH events were detected for one or more nonselected chromosomes in 38% of these mutants. The additional LOH events also reflected apparent chromosome loss based on the molecular analysis. Metaphase spreads from mutants that lost chromosome 8 were markedly aneuploid, and chromosome painting revealed reduced levels for any chromosome shown to be lost with the LOH analysis. In contrast, LOH on nonselected chromosomes was infrequent in Aprt mutants exhibiting intragenic events or mitotic recombination for chromosome 8, and marked aneuploidy was absent. These observations suggest that the mechanism leading to chromosome loss in somatic mammalian cells is often not a simple nondisjunction event and instead could result from a single catastrophic event. They also suggest that cells with characteristics of malignancy are present in normal appearing tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Dan
- Center for Research on Occupational and Environmental Toxicology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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Stratta P, Fogazzi GB, Canavese C, Airoldi A, Fenoglio R, Bozzola C, Ceballos-Picot I, Bollée G, Daudon M. Decreased kidney function and crystal deposition in the tubules after kidney transplant. Am J Kidney Dis 2010; 56:585-90. [PMID: 20303634 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2009.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2009] [Accepted: 12/15/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) deficiency is an autosomal recessive purine enzyme defect that results in the inability to utilize adenine, which consequently is oxidized by xanthine dehydrogenase to 2,8-dihydroxyadenine (2,8-DHA), an extremely insoluble substance eventually leading to crystalluria, nephrolithiasis, and kidney injury. We describe a case of APRT deficiency not diagnosed until the evaluation of a poorly functioning kidney transplant in a 67-year-old white woman. After the transplant, there was delayed transplant function, urine specimens showed crystals with unusual appearance, and the transplant biopsy specimen showed intratubular obstruction by crystals identified as 2,8-DHA using infrared spectroscopy. APRT enzymatic activity was undetectable in red blood cell lysates, and analysis of the APRT gene showed 1 heterozygous sequence variant, a duplication of T at position 1832. The patient was treated with allopurinol, 300 mg/d, and transplant function progressively normalized. Because patients with undiagnosed APRT deficiency who undergo kidney transplant may risk losing the transplant because of an otherwise treatable disease, increased physician awareness may hasten the diagnosis and limit the morbidity associated with this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Stratta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation and International Research Centre Autoimmune Disease (IRCAD), Maggiore Hospital of Novara, and Department of Medical Science, Amedeo Avogadro University, Novara, Italy.
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HPLC-UV measurements of metabolites in the supernatant of endothelial cells exposed to oxidative stress. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 396:1763-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-3398-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2009] [Accepted: 12/10/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Chen J, Chen Y, Capizzi S, Yang M, Deng L, Bledsoe SB, Evan AP, Tischfield JA, Sahota A. 2,8-dihydroxyadenine nephrolithiasis induces developmental stage-specific alterations in gene expression in mouse kidney. Urology 2009; 75:914-22. [PMID: 20035974 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2009.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2009] [Revised: 10/06/2009] [Accepted: 10/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To identify factors that may be crucial for the initiation and progression of stone-induced injury in the developing mouse kidney by a prospective observational study using microarray analysis. Kidney stone diseases are common in premature infants, but the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms are not fully defined. METHODS Mice with adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency develop 2,8-dihydroxyadenine (DHA) nephrolithiasis. The gene expression changes between Aprt(-/-) and Aprt(+/+) kidneys from newborn and adult mice were compared using Affymetrix gene chips. Targets of interest were further analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS We identified a set of genes that were differentially expressed in the developing kidney in response to DHA-induced injury. In 1-week-old Aprt(-/-) mice, the expression of Sprr2f and Clu was highly augmented and that of Egf was significantly decreased. We also observed that maturation-related gene expression changes were delayed in developing Aprt(-/-) kidneys, and immature Aprt(-/-) kidneys contained large numbers of intercalated cells that were blocked from terminal differentiation. CONCLUSIONS This study presents a comprehensive picture of the transcriptional changes induced by DHA stone injury in the developing mouse kidney. Our findings help explain growth impairment in kidneys subject to injury during the early stages of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmin Chen
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
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Kronenberg A, Gauny S, Kwoh E, Connolly L, Dan C, Lasarev M, Turker MS. Comparative analysis of cell killing and autosomal mutation in mouse kidney epithelium exposed to 1 GeV/nucleon iron ions in vitro or in situ. Radiat Res 2009; 172:550-7. [PMID: 19883222 DOI: 10.1667/rr1804.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Astronauts receive exposures to high-energy heavy ions from galactic cosmic radiation. Although high-energy heavy ions are mutagenic and carcinogenic, their mutagenic potency in epithelial cells, where most human cancers develop, is poorly understood. Mutations are a critical component of human cancer, and mutations involving autosomal loci predominate. This study addresses the cytotoxic and mutagenic effects of 1 GeV/nucleon iron ions in mouse kidney epithelium. Mutant fractions were measured for an endogenous autosomal locus (Aprt) that detects all types of mutagenic events contributing to human cancer. Results for kidneys irradiated in situ are compared with results for kidney cells from the same strain exposed in vitro. The results demonstrate dose-dependent cell killing in vitro and for cells explanted 3-4 months postirradiation in situ, but in situ exposures were less likely to result in cell death than in vitro exposures. Prolonged incubation in situ (8-9 months) further attenuated cell killing at lower doses. Iron ions were mutagenic to cells in vitro and for irradiated kidneys. No sparing was seen for mutant frequency with a long incubation period in situ. In addition, the degree of mutation induction (relative increase over background) was similar for cells exposed in vitro or in situ. We speculate that the latent effects of iron-ion exposure contribute to the maintenance of an elevated mutation burden in an epithelial tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Kronenberg
- Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
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Turker MS, Connolly L, Dan C, Lasarev M, Gauny S, Kwoh E, Kronenberg A. Comparison of Autosomal Mutations in Mouse Kidney Epithelial Cells Exposed to Iron IonsIn Situor in Culture. Radiat Res 2009; 172:558-66. [DOI: 10.1667/rr1805.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Ercolani M, Sahota A, Schuler C, Yang M, Evan AP, Reimer D, Barone JG, Tischfield JA, Levin RM. Bladder outlet obstruction in male cystinuria mice. Int Urol Nephrol 2009; 42:57-63. [PMID: 19484501 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-009-9597-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2009] [Accepted: 05/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cystinuria is the most common inherited cause of urinary tract stones in children. It can lead to obstructive uropathy, which is a major cause of renal failure. Genetic studies have identified two genes, SLC3A1 and SLC7A9, to be directly involved in cystine stone formation. Slc3a1 knockout male mice develop cystine stones in the bladder and, to a lesser extent, in the kidney. Slc3a1 knockout female mice also develop cystinuria, but they do not form stones. The specific aim of this study was to characterize bladder function in cystinuria mice. METHODS Eight control (4 male, 4 female) and 16 Slc3a1 knockout (9 male, 7 female) mice of mixed strain background (C57B/129, age 4-5 months) were evaluated. Each mouse was anesthetized and the bladder dome catheterized for cystometry. Immediately following cystometry, the bladder was excised, weighed, and separated into three full thickness strips for contractile studies. RESULTS Bladders from cystinuria male mice had significantly increased weight, all of them had stones, decreased compliance, and decreased contractile responses to field stimulation, ATP, carbachol, and KCl. Compared with controls, female knockout mice showed normal bladder weight, decreased voiding pressure, slightly decreased compliance, and slightly decreased contractile responses. CONCLUSIONS These studies clearly demonstrate that the bladder stones that developed in the male cystinuria mice resulted in a partial outlet obstruction. Although the female cystinuria mice did not have bladder stones, bladder function was mildly impaired; presumably by the presence of cystine crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew Ercolani
- Department of Surgery, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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Progressive renal dysfunction and macrophage infiltration in interstitial fibrosis in an adenine-induced tubulointerstitial nephritis mouse model. Histochem Cell Biol 2009; 131:483-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-009-0557-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Barrera-Oro J, Liu TY, Gorden E, Kucherlapati R, Shao C, Tischfield JA. Role of the mismatch repair gene, Msh6, in suppressing genome instability and radiation-induced mutations. Mutat Res 2008; 642:74-9. [PMID: 18538799 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2008.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2008] [Revised: 04/18/2008] [Accepted: 04/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Mismatch repair (MMR) is critical for preserving genomic integrity. Failure of this system can accelerate somatic mutation and increase the risk of developing cancer. MSH6, in complex with MSH2, is the MMR protein that mediates DNA repair through the recognition of 1- and 2-bp mismatches. To evaluate the effects of MSH6 deficiency on genomic stability we compared the frequency of in vivo loss of heterozygosity (LOH) between MSH6-proficient and deficient, 129S2xC57BL/6 F1 hybrid mice that were heterozygous for our reporter gene Aprt. We recovered mutant cells that had functionally lost APRT protein activity and categorized the spectrum of mutations responsible for the LOH events. We also measured the mutant frequency at the X-linked gene, Hprt, as a second reporter for point mutation. In Msh6-/-Aprt+/- mice, mutation frequency at Aprt was elevated in both T cells and fibroblasts by 2.5-fold and 5.7-fold, respectively, over Msh6+/+Aprt+/- littermate controls. While a modest increase in mitotic recombination (MR) was observed in MSH6-deficient fibroblasts compared to wild type controls, point mutation was the predominant mechanism leading to APRT deficiency in both cell types. Base substitution, consisting of multiple types of transitions, accounted for all of the point mutations identified within the Aprt coding region. We also assessed the role of MSH6 in preventing mutations caused by a common environmental mutagen, ionizing radiation (IR). In Msh6-/-Aprt+/- mice, 4Gy of X-irradiation induced a significant increase in point mutations at both Aprt and Hprt in T cells, but not in fibroblasts. These findings indicate that MutS alpha reduces spontaneous and IR-induced mutation in a cell type-dependant manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Barrera-Oro
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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Zhu L, Chang DW, Dai L, Hong Y. DNA damage induced by multiwalled carbon nanotubes in mouse embryonic stem cells. NANO LETTERS 2007; 7:3592-7. [PMID: 18044946 DOI: 10.1021/nl071303v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have shown promise as an important new class of multifunctional building blocks and innovative tools in a large variety of applications, ranging from nanocomposite materials through nanoelectronics to biomedical devices. Because of their unusual one-dimensional hollow nanostructure and unique physicochemical properties, CNTs are particularly useful as novel drug delivery tools and imaging agents. However, such biomedical applications will not be realized if there is no proper assessment of the potential hazards of CNTs to humans and other biological systems. Although a few reports on the cytotoxicity of CNTs have been published, very little is known about the toxicity at the molecular level, or genotoxicity, of CNTs in mammalian cells. We have for the first time assessed the DNA damage response to multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells. We found that MWNTs can accumulate and induce apoptosis in mouse ES cells and activate the tumor suppressor protein p53 within 2 h of exposure. Furthermore, we also observed increased expression of two isoforms of base excision repair protein 8-oxoguanine-DNA glycosylase 1 (OGG1), double strand break repair protein Rad 51, phosphorylation of H2AX histone at serine 139, and SUMO modification of XRCC4 following the treatment with MWNTs. A mutagenesis study using an endogenous molecular marker, adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (Aprt), showed that MWNTs increased the mutation frequency by 2-fold compared with the spontaneous mutation frequency in mouse ES cells. These results suggest that careful scrutiny of the genotoxicity of nanomaterials is needed even for those materials, like multiwalled carbon nanotubes, that have been previously demonstrated to have limited or no toxicity at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhu
- Department of Biology, Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469, USA
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Turker MS, Lasarev M, Connolly L, Kasameyer E, Roessler D. Age-related accumulation of autosomal mutations in solid tissues of the mouse is gender and cell type specific. Aging Cell 2007; 6:73-86. [PMID: 17266677 DOI: 10.1111/j.1474-9726.2006.00264.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Most cancers in solid tissues increase with age and invariably contain causal mutations eliminating expression of one or more autosomal tumor suppressor genes. However, very little is known about the effect of age on autosomal mutations, often large in size, in cells of solid tissues. In this study, the frequency and spectrum of autosomal mutations were examined as a function of age for kidney epithelial cells and ear mesenchymal cells in B6D2F1 mice heterozygous for the selectable Aprt locus. Aprt mutant frequencies were found to increase with age in the kidneys of both male and female mice, but at all ages the mutant frequencies were approximately twice as high in the females, which in this strain have shorter lifespans than the males. An age-related increase in Aprt mutant frequencies was also observed for ear cells from female mice, but no significant increases in mutant frequencies were observed for the ear cells of male mice. A molecular analysis showed that the kidney and ear mutational spectra were distinct and that the age-related increases in mutant frequencies did not involve significant shifts in the mutational spectra. In total, the results demonstrate both gender and cell-type-specific patterns of autosomal mutational accumulation as a function of age in two solid tissues of the mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell S Turker
- Center for Research on Occupational and Environmental Toxicology (CROET), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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Abstract
Many physiological and cellular processes contribute to the ageing of individuals. One hypothesis argues that the genomes of somatic cells accumulate mutations, which, in turn, alter the metabolism of the cells and contribute to the ageing process. The frequency of somatic mutation approaches 10(-4) and the majority of mutagenic events at heterozygous loci is due to loss of heterozygosity as a consequence of mitotic recombination. A corollary to the argument that somatic cells accumulate mutations is that cells of the germ line and ES cells have a greater requirement for maintaining the integrity of their genomes. In the former case, a high somatic mutation frequency predicts an increase in somatic disease, which limits our lifespan. The corollary is that cells of the germline and ES cells must minimize the mutational burden to limit the frequency of congenital disease and to ensure the proper transmission of undamaged DNA to the gene pool. This report describes two mechanisms utilized by murine ES cells to minimize DNA damage within the proliferative pool. In the first case, murine ES cells display a frequency of mutation and mitotic recombination that is about 100-fold lower than that observed in somatic cells. Second, ES cells lack a G1 checkpoint following DNA damage. When subjected to ionizing radiation, the fraction of apoptotic cells increases to about 40%. Ectopic expression of Chk2 is sufficient to establish a G1 arrest and the concomitant protection from cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Stambrook
- Department of Cell and Cancer Biology, 3125 Eden Avenue, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0521, USA.
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44
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Fisch GS. Animal Models and Human Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Behav Genet 2006; 37:1-10. [PMID: 17047896 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-006-9117-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2006] [Accepted: 09/21/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Humans have long distinguished themselves from other living organisms. Therefore, to make use of animal models for neuropsychiatric disorders, it is important to acknowledge what has changed historically. Darwin argued that there was continuity in mind between humans and nonhuman species, and animal experimental psychologists and others have debated the existence of consciousness and mentality in animals ever since. Those trained in the associationist tradition sought to eliminate the concept of mind in favor of an empiricial, behavioral approach; others trained in the introspectionist tradition sought to include mental abilities as an integral part of comparative animal psychology. The waning of behaviorism and ascendance of cognitive psychology in the mid-twentieth century renewed interest in the notion of consciousness and mind in nonhuman organisms, particularly as they related to learning impairment and neurobehavioral disorders. Moreover, advances in molecular genetics and technology facilitated development of genetically modified mouse strains that could be used to examine cognitive deficits and psychopathology. However, genetic modifications to individual genes that produce behavioral dysfunction in the mouse have not always provided clear results. In part, this is likely due to the influence of genes in addition to the targeted gene, sometimes resulting in paradoxical effects. I also examine other issues created by the use of nonhuman models of human disorders, including: language, the effect of background genetic strains, genetic-environmental interactions, and the problems associated with the complex genetics needed to produce similarly complex behavioral phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gene S Fisch
- Yeshiva University, 875 West End Ave. Apt 6B, New York, NY 10025, USA.
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Connolly L, Lasarev M, Jordan R, Schwartz JL, Turker MS. Atm haploinsufficiency does not affect ionizing radiation mutagenesis in solid mouse tissues. Radiat Res 2006; 166:39-46. [PMID: 16808618 DOI: 10.1667/rr3578.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Ataxia telangiectasia (AT) is a hereditary disease with autosomal recessive inheritance of ATM (ataxia telangiectasia mutation) alleles. AT is associated with severe sensitivity to ionizing radiation and a strong predisposition to develop cancer. A modest increase in cancer, particularly for the breast, has been shown for ATM carriers (i.e. heterozygotes), and a modest increase in radiation sensitivity has also been shown for those patients and their cells. However, the extent of these effects is unclear. Based on the well-established relationship between cancer and mutation, we used a mouse model for Atm haploinsufficiency to ask whether partial loss of Atm function could lead to an increased mutagenic response for solid tissues of mice exposed to radiation. The autosomal mouse Aprt gene was used as the mutational target and kidney and ear as the target tissues in B6D2F1 hybrids. Although induction of autosomal mutations was readily demonstrated in both tissues, a comparison of these data with those from an identical study performed with B6D2F1 mice that were wild-type for Atm (Cancer Res. 62, 1518-1523, 2002) revealed that Atm haploinsufficiency did not alter the radiation mutagenic response for the cells of either tissue. Moreover, no effect of Atm haploinsufficiency on reduced cellular viability due to radiation exposure was observed. The results demonstrate that Atm haploinsufficiency does not alter the radiation mutagenic response or decrease viability for normally quiescent cells in solid tissues of the mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanelle Connolly
- Center for Research on Occupational and Environmental Toxicology (CROET), Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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Fischer JM, Robbins SB, Kannamkumarath SS, Al-Zoughool M, Stringer SL, Talaska G, Caruso JA, Stambrook PJ, Stringer JR. Exposure of mice to arsenic and/or benzo[a]pyrene does not increase the frequency of Aprt-deficient cells recovered from explanted skin of Aprt heterozygous mice. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2006; 47:334-44. [PMID: 16649189 DOI: 10.1002/em.20212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to inorganic arsenic in drinking water is linked to cancer in humans, but the mechanism of arsenic-induced cancer is not clear. Arsenic is not a powerful point mutagen, but can cause chromosome malsegregation and mitotic recombination, two events that can cause loss of tumor suppressor alleles and thereby contribute to the evolution of cancerous cells. To determine whether arsenic increases the frequency of allele loss due to either malsegregation or mitotic recombination in vivo, Aprt(+/-) hybrid mice were exposed to sodium arsenite (10 mg/L) in their drinking water for 10 weeks. To determine whether arsenic enhances the action of a known mutagen, half of the arsenic-treated mice were exposed to benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) for 8 weeks by skin painting (500 nmoles/week). Cells were taken from painted dorsal skin and cultured in the presence of 2,6-diaminopurine (DAP), to select colonies lacking adenosine phosphoribosyl transferase (Aprt) activity. The frequency of DAP-resistant (DAP(r)) colonies varied substantially within the treatment groups, but there was no significant difference between the groups. Analysis of DNA from DAP(r) colonies suggested that mitotic recombination contributed to the loss of wild-type Aprt allele. Whether arsenic or BaP enhanced or diminished the frequency of this process could not be deduced from these data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared M Fischer
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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47
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Liang L, Chen J, Vittal R, Selvanayagam ZE, McAteer JA, Deng L, Tischfield J, Chin KV, Sahota A. Expression Profiling of Crystal-Induced Injury in Human Kidney Epithelial Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 103:p53-62. [PMID: 16374038 DOI: 10.1159/000090503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2004] [Accepted: 09/25/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deposition of crystals within tubular lumens is a feature of many kidney stone diseases, including crystals of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) in primary hyperoxaluria and of 2,8-dihydroxyadenine (DHA) in adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency. Crystals are injurious to renal epithelial cells, but the molecular bases of cell injury have not been well characterized. METHODS We used a cDNA microarray to identify the time-dependent changes in gene expression associated with the interaction of COM or DHA crystals with primary cultures of normal human kidney cortical epithelial cells. RESULTS We observed gene expression changes that were common to both crystal types, as well as a number of crystal-specific responses. A subset of genes known to be aberrantly expressed in kidney tissue from stone formers also showed an altered expression in COM- or DHA-treated normal human kidney cortical epithelial cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that cultured epithelial cells exposed to COM or DHA crystals demonstrate cellular responses that may be physiologically relevant, thus suggesting that this experimental system may be useful for elucidating the mechanisms of crystal-induced renal cell injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liang
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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48
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Wang Q, Ponomareva ON, Lasarev M, Turker MS. High frequency induction of mitotic recombination by ionizing radiation in Mlh1 null mouse cells. Mutat Res 2006; 594:189-98. [PMID: 16343558 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2005.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2005] [Revised: 07/22/2005] [Accepted: 09/22/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Mitotic recombination in somatic cells involves crossover events between homologous autosomal chromosomes. This process can convert a cell with a heterozygous deficiency to one with a homozygous deficiency if a mutant allele is present on one of the two homologous autosomes. Thus mitotic recombination often represents the second mutational step in tumor suppressor gene inactivation. In this study we examined the frequency and spectrum of ionizing radiation (IR)-induced autosomal mutations affecting Aprt expression in a mouse kidney cell line null for the Mlh1 mismatch repair (MMR) gene. The mutant frequency results demonstrated high frequency induction of mutations by IR exposure and the spectral analysis revealed that most of this response was due to the induction of mitotic recombinational events. High frequency induction of mitotic recombination was not observed in a DNA repair-proficient cell line or in a cell line with an MMR-independent mutator phenotype. These results demonstrate that IR exposure can initiate a process leading to mitotic recombinational events and that MMR function suppresses these events from occurring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Center for Research on Occupational and Environmental Toxicology, L606, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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Vernon HJ, Osborne C, Tzortzaki EG, Yang M, Chen J, Rittling SR, Denhardt DT, Buyske S, Bledsoe SB, Evan AP, Fairbanks L, Simmonds HA, Tischfield JA, Sahota A. Aprt/Opn double knockout mice: osteopontin is a modifier of kidney stone disease severity. Kidney Int 2006; 68:938-47. [PMID: 16105024 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-1755.2005.00487.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteopontin (OPN) is reported to have two distinct functions in kidney disease: Promotion of inflammation at sites of tissue injury, and inhibition of calcium oxalate monohydrate stone formation. However, many of the studies supporting these functions were carried out in animal models of acute renal injury or in cultured cells; thus, the role of OPN in chronic renal disease is not well defined. We examined the role of OPN in adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (Aprt) knockout mice, in which inflammation and formation of 2,8-dihydroxyadenine (DHA) kidney stones are prominent features, by generating Aprt/Opn double knockout mice. METHODS We characterized the phenotypes of six- and 12-week-old Aprt-/- Opn-/-, Aprt-/- Opn+/+, Aprt+/+ Opn-/-, and Aprt+/+ Opn+/+ male and female mice using biochemical, histologic, immunohistochemical, and in situ hybridization techniques. RESULTS At 6 weeks of age, there was no difference in phenotype between double knockout and Aprt knockout mice. At 12 weeks, there was increased adenine and DHA excretion, renal crystal deposition, and inflammation in double knockout versus Aprt knockout male mice. Double knockout and Aprt knockout female mice at 12 weeks had less pathology than their male counterparts, but kidneys from double knockout females showed more inflammation compared with Aprt knockout females; both genotypes had similar levels of DHA crystal deposition. CONCLUSION We conclude that (1) OPN is a major inhibitor of DHA crystal deposition and inflammation in male mice; and (2) OPN is a major modifier of the inflammatory response but not of crystal deposition in female mice. Thus, separate mechanisms appear responsible for the tissue changes seen in DKO males versus females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary J Vernon
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-8082, USA
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Tamagaki K, Yuan Q, Ohkawa H, Imazeki I, Moriguchi Y, Imai N, Sasaki S, Takeda K, Fukagawa M. Severe hyperparathyroidism with bone abnormalities and metastatic calcification in rats with adenine-induced uraemia. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2005; 21:651-9. [PMID: 16311258 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfi273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Marked parathyroid hyperplasia with bone diseases and vascular calcification are unsolved issues in dialysis patients. In this study, we made azotemic model rats by adenine feeding and analyzed the development and progression of the abnormalities. METHODS Renal failure was induced in 8-week-old male Wistar rats by feeding 0.75% adenine-containing diet for 6 weeks. Serum parameters, parathyroid hyperplasia, bone changes and metastatic calcification were examined at 2, 4 and 6 weeks. RESULTS Progressive increase of serum creatinine and inorganic phosphate, and decreased levels of serum calcium and 1,25(OH)2D3 were confirmed. Markedly enlarged parathyroid glands and extremely high PTH levels were observed in all adenine-fed rats compared with the control (PTH: 199.3+/-58.0 vs 10.5+/-3.0 pmol/l, P<0.01, respectively, at 6 weeks). In cortical bone of the femur, the morphometric parameters showed increased bone resorption with increased fibrosis, whereas in the trabecular bone, bone resorption decreased and bone volume increased with a larger amount of osteoid compared with the control. Metastatic calcification in aorta, coronary artery and other soft tissues were also found in adenine-fed rats. CONCLUSIONS Uraemic rats made by adenine diet developed severe abnormalities of calcium metabolism in a relatively short period and therefore they may serve as a useful model for the analysis of parathyroid hyperplasia and vascular calcification in chronic renal failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Tamagaki
- Division of Hypertension and Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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