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Lee JY, Bhandare RR, Boddu SHS, Shaik AB, Saktivel LP, Gupta G, Negi P, Barakat M, Singh SK, Dua K, Chellappan DK. Molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of tumour suppressor genes in lung cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116275. [PMID: 38394846 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumour suppressor genes play a cardinal role in the development of a large array of human cancers, including lung cancer, which is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers worldwide. Therefore, extensive studies have been committed to deciphering the underlying mechanisms of alterations of tumour suppressor genes in governing tumourigenesis, as well as resistance to cancer therapies. In spite of the encouraging clinical outcomes demonstrated by lung cancer patients on initial treatment, the subsequent unresponsiveness to first-line treatments manifested by virtually all the patients is inherently a contentious issue. In light of the aforementioned concerns, this review compiles the current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms of some of the tumour suppressor genes implicated in lung cancer that are either frequently mutated and/or are located on the chromosomal arms having high LOH rates (1p, 3p, 9p, 10q, 13q, and 17p). Our study identifies specific genomic loci prone to LOH, revealing a recurrent pattern in lung cancer cases. These loci, including 3p14.2 (FHIT), 9p21.3 (p16INK4a), 10q23 (PTEN), 17p13 (TP53), exhibit a higher susceptibility to LOH due to environmental factors such as exposure to DNA-damaging agents (carcinogens in cigarette smoke) and genetic factors such as chromosomal instability, genetic mutations, DNA replication errors, and genetic predisposition. Furthermore, this review summarizes the current treatment landscape and advancements for lung cancers, including the challenges and endeavours to overcome it. This review envisages inspired researchers to embark on a journey of discovery to add to the list of what was known in hopes of prompting the development of effective therapeutic strategies for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yee Lee
- School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Richie R Bhandare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Ajman University, Al-Jurf, P.O. Box 346, Ajman, United Arab Emirates; Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Al-Jurf, P.O. Box 346, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Sai H S Boddu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Ajman University, Al-Jurf, P.O. Box 346, Ajman, United Arab Emirates; Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Al-Jurf, P.O. Box 346, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Afzal B Shaik
- St. Mary's College of Pharmacy, St. Mary's Group of Institutions Guntur, Affiliated to Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Kakinada, Chebrolu, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh 522212, India; Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, India
| | - Lakshmana Prabu Saktivel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University College of Engineering (BIT Campus), Anna University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Al-Jurf, P.O. Box 346, Ajman, United Arab Emirates; School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, Rajasthan 302017, India
| | - Poonam Negi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, PO Box 9, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173229, India
| | - Muna Barakat
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Therapeutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman-11937, Jordan
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T Road, Phagwara 144411, India; Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Australian Research Centre in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney 2007, Australia
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia.
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Mouery BL, Baker EM, Mills CA, Herring LE, Fleifel D, Cook JG. APC/C prevents non-canonical order of cyclin/CDK activity to maintain CDK4/6 inhibitor-induced arrest. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.09.566394. [PMID: 37986787 PMCID: PMC10659421 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.09.566394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Regulated cell cycle progression ensures homeostasis and prevents cancer. In proliferating cells, premature S phase entry is avoided by the E3 ubiquitin ligase APC/C (anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome), although the APC/C substrates whose degradation restrains G1-S progression are not fully known. The APC/C is also active in arrested cells that exited the cell cycle, but it is not clear if APC/C maintains all types of arrest. Here by expressing the APC/C inhibitor, EMI1, we show that APC/C activity is essential to prevent S phase entry in cells arrested by pharmacological CDK4/6 inhibition (Palbociclib). Thus, active protein degradation is required for arrest alongside repressed cell cycle gene expression. The mechanism of rapid and robust arrest bypass from inhibiting APC/C involves cyclin-dependent kinases acting in an atypical order to inactivate RB-mediated E2F repression. Inactivating APC/C first causes mitotic cyclin B accumulation which then promotes cyclin A expression. We propose that cyclin A is the key substrate for maintaining arrest because APC/C-resistant cyclin A, but not cyclin B, is sufficient to induce S phase entry. Cells bypassing arrest from CDK4/6 inhibition initiate DNA replication with severely reduced origin licensing. The simultaneous accumulation of S phase licensing inhibitors, such as cyclin A and geminin, with G1 licensing activators disrupts the normal order of G1-S progression. As a result, DNA synthesis and cell proliferation are profoundly impaired. Our findings predict that cancers with elevated EMI1 expression will tend to escape CDK4/6 inhibition into a premature, underlicensed S phase and suffer enhanced genome instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon L Mouery
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Eliyambuya M Baker
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Immuno-Oncology, Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
| | - Christine A Mills
- UNC Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Pharmacology. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Pharmacology. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Chapel Hill NC, 27599, USA
| | - Laura E Herring
- UNC Proteomics Core Facility, Department of Pharmacology. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Chapel Hill NC 27599, USA
- Department of Pharmacology. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Chapel Hill NC, 27599, USA
| | - Dalia Fleifel
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Jeanette Gowen Cook
- Curriculum in Genetics and Molecular Biology. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Chapel Hill NC 27599, USA
- Department of Pharmacology. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Chapel Hill NC, 27599, USA
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Yavuz BR, Arici MK, Demirel HC, Tsai CJ, Jang H, Nussinov R, Tuncbag N. Neurodevelopmental disorders and cancer networks share pathways, but differ in mechanisms, signaling strength, and outcome. NPJ Genom Med 2023; 8:37. [PMID: 37925498 PMCID: PMC10625621 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-023-00377-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies suggest that individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are more prone to develop certain types of cancer. Notably, however, the case statistics can be impacted by late discovery of cancer in individuals afflicted with NDDs, such as intellectual disorders, autism, and schizophrenia, which may bias the numbers. As to NDD-associated mutations, in most cases, they are germline while cancer mutations are sporadic, emerging during life. However, somatic mosaicism can spur NDDs, and cancer-related mutations can be germline. NDDs and cancer share proteins, pathways, and mutations. Here we ask (i) exactly which features they share, and (ii) how, despite their commonalities, they differ in clinical outcomes. To tackle these questions, we employed a statistical framework followed by network analysis. Our thorough exploration of the mutations, reconstructed disease-specific networks, pathways, and transcriptome levels and profiles of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and cancers, point to signaling strength as the key factor: strong signaling promotes cell proliferation in cancer, and weaker (moderate) signaling impacts differentiation in ASD. Thus, we suggest that signaling strength, not activating mutations, can decide clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bengi Ruken Yavuz
- Graduate School of Informatics, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - M Kaan Arici
- Graduate School of Informatics, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | - Habibe Cansu Demirel
- Graduate School of Sciences and Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul, 34450, Turkey
| | - Chung-Jung Tsai
- Computational Structural Biology Section, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research in the Cancer Innovation Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Hyunbum Jang
- Computational Structural Biology Section, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research in the Cancer Innovation Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Ruth Nussinov
- Computational Structural Biology Section, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research in the Cancer Innovation Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel.
| | - Nurcan Tuncbag
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey.
- School of Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, 34450, Turkey.
- Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Istanbul, Turkey.
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Sadhu N, He Y, Yao Y, Wilkie DJ, Molokie RE, Wang ZJ. Candidate gene association study suggests potential role of dopamine beta-hydroxylase in pain heterogeneity in sickle cell disease. Front Genet 2023; 14:1193603. [PMID: 37384335 PMCID: PMC10296203 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1193603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Pain is a lifelong companion of individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD) and has a severe impact on their quality of life. Both acute crisis pain and chronic non-crisis pain exhibit high variability between individuals, making it difficult to effectively manage sickle cell-related pain. We investigated the role of dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) gene polymorphisms on pain variability in SCD. DBH is a key enzyme in the catecholamine biosynthesis pathway that catalyzes the conversion of dopamine to norepinephrine, both of which are known mediators of pain and pain-related behaviors. Methods: Acute crisis pain-related utilization and non-crisis chronic pain scores of 131 African Americans with SCD were obtained. Results and discussion: Association analyses revealed that the T allele of upstream variant rs1611115 and downstream variant rs129882 correlated with higher severity of chronic pain in an additive model. On the other hand, the A allele of missense variant rs5324 associated with lower risk of both acute crisis pain and chronic pain. Similarly, the C allele of intronic variant rs2797849 was associated with lower incidence of acute crisis pain in the additive model. In addition, tissue-specific eQTL revealed that the T allele of rs1611115 correlated with decreased expression of DBH in the frontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex (GTEx), and decreased expression of DBH-AS1 in blood (eQTLGen). Bioinformatic approaches predicted that rs1611115 may be altering a transcription factor binding site, thereby, contributing to its potential effect. Taken together, findings from this study suggest that potential functional polymorphisms of DBH may modulate pain perception in SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilanjana Sadhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ying He
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL, United States
- Comprehensive Sickle Cell Center, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Yingwei Yao
- Department of Biobehavioral Nursing Science, University of Florida College of Nursing, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Diana J. Wilkie
- Department of Biobehavioral Nursing Science, University of Florida College of Nursing, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Robert E. Molokie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL, United States
- Comprehensive Sickle Cell Center, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Jesse Brown Veteran’s Administration Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Illinois Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Zaijie Jim Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL, United States
- Comprehensive Sickle Cell Center, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation, University of Illinois Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago College of Engineering, Chicago, IL, United States
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Povroznik JM, Akhter H, Vance JK, Annamanedi M, Dziadowicz SA, Wang L, Divens AM, Hu G, Robinson CM. Interleukin-27-dependent transcriptome signatures during neonatal sepsis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1124140. [PMID: 36891292 PMCID: PMC9986606 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1124140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Human newborns exhibit increased vulnerability and risk of mortality from infection that is consistent with key differences in the innate and adaptive immune responses relative to those in adult cells. We have previously shown an increase in the immune suppressive cytokine, IL-27, in neonatal cells and tissues from mice and humans. In a murine model of neonatal sepsis, mice deficient in IL-27 signaling exhibit reduced mortality, increased weight gain, and better control of bacteria with reduced systemic inflammation. To explore a reprogramming of the host response in the absence of IL-27 signaling, we profiled the transcriptome of the neonatal spleen during Escherichia coli-induced sepsis in wild-type (WT) and IL-27Rα-deficient (KO) mice. We identified 634 genes that were differentially expressed, and those most upregulated in WT mice were associated with inflammation, cytokine signaling, and G protein coupled receptor ligand binding and signaling. These genes failed to increase in the IL-27Rα KO mice. We further isolated an innate myeloid population enriched in macrophages from the spleens of control and infected WT neonates and observed similar changes in gene expression aligned with changes in chromatin accessibility. This supports macrophages as an innate myeloid population contributing to the inflammatory profile in septic WT pups. Collectively, our findings highlight the first report of improved pathogen clearance amidst a less inflammatory environment in IL-27Rα KO. This suggests a direct relationship between IL-27 signaling and bacterial killing. An improved response to infection that is not reliant upon heightened levels of inflammation offers new promise to the potential of antagonizing IL-27 as a host-directed therapy for neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M. Povroznik
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, United States
- Vaccine Development Center, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Halima Akhter
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Jordan K. Vance
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Madhavi Annamanedi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Sebastian A. Dziadowicz
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Ashley M. Divens
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Gangqing Hu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Cory M. Robinson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Cell Biology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, United States
- Vaccine Development Center, West Virginia University Health Sciences Center, Morgantown, WV, United States
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Deregulated E2F Activity as a Cancer-Cell Specific Therapeutic Tool. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14020393. [PMID: 36833320 PMCID: PMC9956157 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor E2F, the principal target of the tumor suppressor pRB, plays crucial roles in cell proliferation and tumor suppression. In almost all cancers, pRB function is disabled, and E2F activity is enhanced. To specifically target cancer cells, trials have been undertaken to suppress enhanced E2F activity to restrain cell proliferation or selectively kill cancer cells, utilizing enhanced E2F activity. However, these approaches may also impact normal growing cells, since growth stimulation also inactivates pRB and enhances E2F activity. E2F activated upon the loss of pRB control (deregulated E2F) activates tumor suppressor genes, which are not activated by E2F induced by growth stimulation, inducing cellular senescence or apoptosis to protect cells from tumorigenesis. Deregulated E2F activity is tolerated in cancer cells due to inactivation of the ARF-p53 pathway, thus representing a feature unique to cancer cells. Deregulated E2F activity, which activates tumor suppressor genes, is distinct from enhanced E2F activity, which activates growth-related genes, in that deregulated E2F activity does not depend on the heterodimeric partner DP. Indeed, the ARF promoter, which is specifically activated by deregulated E2F, showed higher cancer-cell specific activity, compared to the E2F1 promoter, which is also activated by E2F induced by growth stimulation. Thus, deregulated E2F activity is an attractive potential therapeutic tool to specifically target cancer cells.
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MicroRNA-377: A therapeutic and diagnostic tumor marker. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 226:1226-1235. [PMID: 36442575 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is considered as one of the main causes of human deaths globally. Despite the recent progresses in therapeutic modalities, there is still a high rate of mortality among cancer patients. Late diagnosis in advanced tumor stages is one of the main reasons for treatment failure in cancer patients. Therefore, it is required to suggest the novel strategies for the early tumor detection. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have critical roles in neoplastic transformation by regulation of cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. They are always considered as non-invasive markers due to their high stability in body fluids. Since, all of the miRNAs have tissue-specific functions in different tumors as tumor suppressor or oncogene; it is required to investigate the molecular mechanisms of every miRNA in different tumors to introduce that as a suitable non-invasive diagnostic marker in cancer patients. For the first time in the present review, we discussed the role of miR-377 during tumor progression. It has been reported that miR-377 mainly functions as a tumor suppressor through the regulation of signaling pathways and transcription factors. This review is an important step toward introducing the miR-377 as a novel diagnostic marker as well as a therapeutic target in cancer patients.
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Capellmann S, Sonntag R, Schüler H, Meurer SK, Gan L, Kauffmann M, Horn K, Königs-Werner H, Weiskirchen R, Liedtke C, Huber M. Transformation of primary murine peritoneal mast cells by constitutive KIT activation is accompanied by loss of Cdkn2a/Arf expression. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1154416. [PMID: 37063827 PMCID: PMC10097954 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1154416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are immune cells of the myeloid lineage distributed in tissues throughout the body. Phenotypically, they are a heterogeneous group characterized by different protease repertoires stored in secretory granules and differential presence of receptors. To adequately address aspects of MC biology either primary MCs isolated from human or mouse tissue or different human MC lines, like HMC-1.1 and -1.2, or rodent MC lines like L138.8A or RBL-2H3 are frequently used. Nevertheless, cellular systems to study MC functions are very limited. We have generated a murine connective tissue-like MC line, termed PMC-306, derived from primary peritoneal MCs (PMCs), which spontaneously transformed. We analyzed PMC-306 cells regarding MC surface receptor expression, effector functions and respective signaling pathways, and found that the cells reacted very similar to primary wildtype (WT) PMCs. In this regard, stimulation with MAS-related G-protein-coupled receptor member B2 (MRGPRB2) ligands induced respective signaling and effector functions. Furthermore, PMC-306 cells revealed significantly accelerated cell cycle progression, which however was still dependent on interleukine 3 (IL-3) and stem cell factor (SCF). Phenotypically, PMC-306 cells adopted an immature connective tissue-like MCs appearance. The observation of cellular transformation was accompanied by the loss of Cdkn2a and Arf expression, which are both described as critical cell cycle regulators. The loss of Cdkn2a and Arf expression could be mimicked in primary bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) by sustained SCF supplementation strongly arguing for an involvement of KIT activation in the regulation of Cdkn2a/Arf expression. Hence, this new cell line might be a useful tool to study further aspects of PMC function and to address tumorigenic processes associated with MC leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Capellmann
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Immunology, Medical Faculty, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Sandro Capellmann, ; Michael Huber,
| | - Roland Sonntag
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Herdit Schüler
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Steffen K. Meurer
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), Medical Faculty, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lin Gan
- Genomics Facility, Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), Medical Faculty, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marlies Kauffmann
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Immunology, Medical Faculty, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Katharina Horn
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Immunology, Medical Faculty, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Hiltrud Königs-Werner
- Electron Microscopy Facility, Institute of Pathology, Medical Faculty, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), Medical Faculty, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Liedtke
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael Huber
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Immunology, Medical Faculty, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Sandro Capellmann, ; Michael Huber,
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Epigenetic Dysregulation in Autoimmune and Inflammatory Skin Diseases. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2022; 63:447-471. [DOI: 10.1007/s12016-022-08956-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Ilott NE, Neyazi M, Arancibia-Cárcamo CV, Powrie F, Geremia A. Tissue-dependent transcriptional and bacterial associations in primary sclerosing cholangitis-associated inflammatory bowel disease. Wellcome Open Res 2022; 6:199. [PMID: 36447600 PMCID: PMC9664024 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16901.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) frequently have co-ocurring ulcerative colitis (UC) and develop colorectal cancer. Colorectal cancer risk in patients with PSC-associated ulcerative colitis (PSC/UC) is elevated relative to patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) alone, reasons for which remain obscure. Understanding the molecular and microbial basis for differences between these two patient groups and how these vary across intestinal sites is important for the development of therapies to prevent colorectal cancer development in at-risk individuals. Methods: We employed ribonucleic acid sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis of biopsy samples across three intestinal tissue locations (ileum, caecum and rectum) in patients with PSC/UC (ileum n = 7, caecum n = 7, rectum n = 7), UC (ileum n = 9, caecum n = 10, rectum n = 10) and healthy controls (ileum n = 11, caecum n = 9, rectum n = 12) to determine tissue-dependent transcriptional alterations in PSC/UC. We also performed 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) amplicon sequencing to determine bacterial associations with PSC/UC. Results: Tissue-defining transcriptional signatures revealed that the ileum was enriched for genes involved in lipid and drug metabolism, the caecum for activated immune cells and the rectum for enteric neurogenesis. Transcriptional alterations relative to healthy control samples were largely shared between patients with PSC/UC or UC although were distinct across tissue locations. Nevertheless, we observed reduced expression of gamma-glutamyl transferase 1 ( GGT1) specifically in the ileum and caecum of patients with PSC/UC. Analysis of the bacterial component of the microbiome revealed high inter-individual variability of microbiome composition and little evidence for tissue-dependency. We observed a reduction in Parabacteroides relative abundance in the rectum of patients with PSC/UC. Conclusions: The role of gamma-glutamyl transferase in maintaining the redox environment through the glutathione salvage pathway makes our observed alterations a potential pathway to PSC-associated colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas E. Ilott
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Mastura Neyazi
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Experimental Medicine Division, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Oxford Translational Gastroenterology Unit Investigators
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FY, UK
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Experimental Medicine Division, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Carolina V. Arancibia-Cárcamo
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Experimental Medicine Division, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Fiona Powrie
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FY, UK
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Experimental Medicine Division, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Alessandra Geremia
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Experimental Medicine Division, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
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11
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Cooper GW, Hong AL. SMARCB1-Deficient Cancers: Novel Molecular Insights and Therapeutic Vulnerabilities. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153645. [PMID: 35892904 PMCID: PMC9332782 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Loss of SMARCB1 has been identified as the sole mutation in a number of rare pediatric and adult cancers, most of which have a poor prognosis despite intensive therapies including surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. Thus, a more robust understanding of the mechanisms driving this set of cancers is vital to improving patient treatment and outcomes. This review outlines recent advances made in our understanding of the function of SMARCB1 and how these advances have been used to discover putative therapeutic vulnerabilities. Abstract SMARCB1 is a critical component of the BAF complex that is responsible for global chromatin remodeling. Loss of SMARCB1 has been implicated in the initiation of cancers such as malignant rhabdoid tumor (MRT), atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (ATRT), and, more recently, renal medullary carcinoma (RMC). These SMARCB1-deficient tumors have remarkably stable genomes, offering unique insights into the epigenetic mechanisms in cancer biology. Given the lack of druggable targets and the high mortality associated with SMARCB1-deficient tumors, a significant research effort has been directed toward understanding the mechanisms of tumor transformation and proliferation. Accumulating evidence suggests that tumorigenicity arises from aberrant enhancer and promoter regulation followed by dysfunctional transcriptional control. In this review, we outline key mechanisms by which loss of SMARCB1 may lead to tumor formation and cover how these mechanisms have been used for the design of targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garrett W. Cooper
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Andrew L. Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA;
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Correspondence:
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12
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Wang Q, Dou S, Zhang B, Jiang H, Qi X, Duan H, Wang X, Dong C, Zhang BN, Xie L, Cao Y, Zhou Q, Shi W. Heterogeneity of human corneal endothelium implicates lncRNA NEAT1 in Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy. MOLECULAR THERAPY - NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 27:880-893. [PMID: 35141048 PMCID: PMC8807987 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The corneal endothelium is critical for maintaining corneal clarity by mediating hydration through barrier and pump functions. Progressive loss of corneal endothelial cells during aging has been associated with the development of Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD), one of the main causes of cornea-related vision loss. The mechanisms underlying FECD development remain elusive. Single-cell RNA sequencing of isolated healthy human corneas discovered 4 subpopulations of corneal endothelial cells with distinctive signatures. Unsupervised clustering analysis uncovered nuclear enriched abundant transcript 1 (NEAT1), a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), as the top expressed gene in the C0-endothelial subpopulation, but markedly downregulated in FECD. Consistent with human corneas, a UVA-induced mouse FECD model validated the loss of NEAT1 expression. Loss of NEAT1 function by an in vivo genetic approach reproduced the exacerbated phenotype of FECD by ablating corneal endothelial cells. Conversely, gain of function by a CRISPR-activated adenoviral delivery system protected corneas from UVA-induced FECD. Our findings provide novel mechanistic insights into the development of FECD, and targeting NEAT1 offers an attractive approach for treating FECD.
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13
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Loureiro CM, Fachim HA, Harte MK, Dalton CF, Reynolds GP. Subchronic PCP effects on DNA methylation and protein expression of NMDA receptor subunit genes in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of female rats. J Psychopharmacol 2022; 36:238-244. [PMID: 35102781 DOI: 10.1177/02698811211069109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) dysfunction is implicated in schizophrenia, and NMDAR antagonists, such as phencyclidine (PCP), can induce behaviours that mimic aspects of the disorder. AIMS We investigated DNA methylation of Grin1, Grin2a and Grin2b promoter region and NR1 and NR2 protein expression in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus of adult female Lister-hooded rats following subchronic PCP (scPCP) administration. We also determined whether any alterations were tissue-specific. METHODS Rats were divided into two groups that received vehicle (0.9% saline) or 2 mg/kg PCP twice a day for 7 days (n = 10 per group). After behavioural testing (novel object recognition), to confirm a cognitive deficit, brains were dissected and NMDAR subunit DNA methylation and protein expression were analysed by pyrosequencing and ELISA. Line-1 methylation was determined as a measure of global methylation. Data were analysed using Student's t-test and Pearson correlation. RESULTS The scPCP administration led to Grin1 and Grin2b hypermethylation and reduction in NR1 protein in both PFC and hippocampus. No significant differences were observed in Line-1 or Grin2a methylation and NR2 protein. CONCLUSIONS The scPCP treatment resulted in increased DNA methylation at promoter sites of Grin1 and Grin2b NMDAR subunits in two brain areas implicated in schizophrenia, independent of any global change in DNA methylation, and are similar to our observations in a neurodevelopmental animal model of schizophrenia - social isolation rearing post-weaning. Moreover, these alterations may contribute to the changes in protein expression for NMDAR subunits demonstrating the potential importance of epigenetic mechanisms in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila M Loureiro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Helene A Fachim
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Salford Royal Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
| | - Michael K Harte
- Division of Pharmacy & Optometry, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Caroline F Dalton
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Gavin P Reynolds
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
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14
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Huang J, Wang Y, Liu J, Chu M, Wang Y. TFDP3 as E2F Unique Partner, Has Crucial Roles in Cancer Cells and Testis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:742462. [PMID: 34745961 PMCID: PMC8564135 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.742462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor DP family member 3 (TFDP3) is a cancer-testis antigen, mainly expressed in normal testis and multiple cancers. TFDP3 gene (Gene ID: 51270) is located on the chromosome X and shares a high degree of sequence homology with TFDP1 and TFDP2, which can form heterodimers with E2F family members and enhance DNA-binding activity of E2Fs. In contrast to TFDP1 and TFDP2, TFDP3 downregulates E2F-mediated transcriptional activation. During DNA damage response in cancer cells, TFDP3 is induced and can inhibit E2F1-mediated apoptosis. Moreover, TFDP3 is involved in cell autophagy and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Regarding cancer therapy opportunity, the transduction of dendritic cells with recombinant adenovirus-encoding TFDP3 can activate autologous cytotoxic T lymphocytes to target hepatoma cells. Here, we review the characterization of TFDP3, with an emphasis on the biological function and molecular mechanism. A better understanding of TFDP3 will provide new insights into the pathological mechanisms and therapeutic strategies for cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Huang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yini Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinlong Liu
- Department of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Ming Chu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuedan Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing, China
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15
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Yun HS, Lee J, Kim JY, Sim YJ, Lee CW, Park JK, Kim JS, Ahn J, Song JY, Baek JH, Hwang SG. A novel function of HRP-3 in regulating cell cycle progression via the HDAC-E2F1-Cyclin E pathway in lung cancer. Cancer Sci 2021; 113:145-155. [PMID: 34714604 PMCID: PMC8748221 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
To improve the poor survival rate of lung cancer patients, we investigated the role of HDGF‐related protein 3 (HRP‐3) as a potential biomarker for lung cancer. The expression of endogenous HRP‐3 in human lung cancer tissues and xenograft tumor models is indicative of its clinical relevance in lung cancer. Additionally, we demonstrated that HRP‐3 directly binds to the E2F1 promoter on chromatin. Interestingly, HRP‐3 depletion in A549 cells impedes the binding of HRP‐3 to the E2F1 promoter; this in turn hampers the interaction between Histone H3/H4 and HDAC1/2 on the E2F1 promoter, while concomitantly inducing Histone H3/H4 acetylation around the E2F1 promoter. The enhanced Histone H3/H4 acetylation on the E2F1 promoter through HRP‐3 depletion increases the transcription level of E2F1. Furthermore, the increased E2F1 transcription levels lead to the enhanced transcription of Cyclin E, known as the E2F1‐responsive gene, thus inducing S‐phase accumulation. Therefore, our study provides evidence for the utility of HRP‐3 as a biomarker for the prognosis and treatment of lung cancer. Furthermore, we delineated the capacity of HRP‐3 to regulate the E2F1 transcription level via histone deacetylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Shik Yun
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Janet Lee
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju-Young Kim
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Ye-Ji Sim
- Radiation Biology Research Team, Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Busan, Korea
| | - Chang-Woo Lee
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jong Kuk Park
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Sung Kim
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jiyeon Ahn
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jie-Young Song
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwa Baek
- Radiation Biology Research Team, Research Center, Dongnam Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Busan, Korea
| | - Sang-Gu Hwang
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
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16
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Gene Therapy: Targeting Cardiomyocyte Proliferation to Repopulate the Ischemic Heart. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 78:346-360. [PMID: 34516452 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Adult mammalian cardiomyocytes show scarce division ability, which makes the heart ineffective in replacing lost contractile cells after ischemic cardiomyopathy. In the past decades, there have been increasing efforts in the search for novel strategies to regenerate the injured myocardium. Among them, gene therapy is one of the most promising ones, based on recent and emerging studies that support the fact that functional cardiomyocyte regeneration can be accomplished by the stimulation and enhancement of the endogenous ability of these cells to achieve cell division. This capacity can be targeted by stimulating several molecules, such as cell cycle regulators, noncoding RNAs, transcription, and metabolic factors. Therefore, the proposed target, together with the selection of the vector used, administration route, and the experimental animal model used in the development of the therapy would determine the success in the clinical field.
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17
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Ilott NE, Neyazi M, Arancibia-Cárcamo CV, Powrie F, Geremia A. Tissue-dependent transcriptional and bacterial associations in primary sclerosing cholangitis-associated inflammatory bowel disease. Wellcome Open Res 2021; 6:199. [PMID: 36447600 PMCID: PMC9664024 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16901.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a disease of the bile duct and liver. However, patients frequently have co-morbidities including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal cancer. Colorectal cancer risk in patients with PSC-associated ulcerative colitis (PSC/UC) is elevated relative to patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) alone, reasons for which remain obscure. Further, clinical and immunological features, and involved intestinal sites differ between PSC/UC and UC. Understanding the molecular and microbial basis for differences in cancer risk between these two patient groups and how these differ across intestinal sites is important for the development of therapies to prevent colorectal cancer development in at-risk individuals. Methods: We employed ribonucleic acid sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis of biopsy samples across three intestinal tissue locations (ileum, caecum and rectum) in patients with PSC/UC (n = 8), UC (n = 10) and healthy controls (n = 12) to determine tissue-dependent transcriptional alterations in PSC/UC. We also performed 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) amplicon sequencing to determine bacterial associations with PSC/UC and host-microbiome associations. Results: Tissue-defining transcriptional signatures revealed that the ileum was enriched for genes involved in lipid and drug metabolism, the caecum for activated immune cells and the rectum for enteric neurogenesis. Transcriptional alterations relative to healthy control samples were largely shared between patients with PSC/UC or UC although were distinct across tissue locations. Nevertheless, we observed reduced expression of gamma-glutamyl transferase 1 ( GGT1) specifically in the ileum and caecum of patients with PSC/UC. Analysis of the bacterial component of the microbiome revealed high inter-individual variability of microbiome composition and little evidence for tissue-dependency. We observed a reduction in Parabacteroides relative abundance in the rectum of patients with PSC/UC. Conclusions: The role of gamma-glutamyl transferase in maintaining the redox environment through the glutathione salvage pathway makes our observed alterations a potential pathway to PSC-associated colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas E. Ilott
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Mastura Neyazi
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Experimental Medicine Division, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Oxford Translational Gastroenterology Unit Investigators
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FY, UK
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Experimental Medicine Division, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Carolina V. Arancibia-Cárcamo
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Experimental Medicine Division, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Fiona Powrie
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FY, UK
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Experimental Medicine Division, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Alessandra Geremia
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Experimental Medicine Division, and NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
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18
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Sarver AL, Xie C, Riddle MJ, Forster CL, Wang X, Lu H, Wagner W, Tolar J, Hallstrom TC. Retinoblastoma tumor cell proliferation is negatively associated with an immune gene expression signature and increased immune cells. J Transl Med 2021; 101:701-718. [PMID: 33658609 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-021-00573-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study focuses on gene expression differences between early retinal states that ultimately lead to normal development, late onset retinoblastoma, or rapid bilateral retinoblastoma tumors. The late-onset and early-onset retinoblastoma tumor cells are remarkably similar to normally proliferating retinal progenitor cells, but they fail to properly express differentiation markers associated with normal development. Further, early-onset retinoblastoma tumor cells express a robust immune gene expression signature followed by accumulation of dendritic, monocyte, macrophage, and T-lymphocyte cells in the retinoblastoma tumors. This characteristic was not shared by either normal retinae or late-onset retinoblastomas. Comparison of our data with other human and mouse retinoblastoma tumor gene expression significantly confirmed, that the immune signature is present in tumors from each species. Strikingly, we observed that the immune signature in both mouse and human tumors was most highly evident in those with the lowest proliferative capacity. We directly assessed this relationship in human retinoblastoma tumors by co-analyzing proliferation and immune cell recruitment by immunohistochemistry, uncovering a significant inverse relationship between increased immune-cell infiltration in tumors and reduced tumor cell proliferation. Directly inhibiting proliferation with a PI3K/mTOR inhibitor significantly increased the number of CD45+ immune cells in the retina. This work establishes an in vivo model for the rapid recruitment of immune cells to tumorigenic neural tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron L Sarver
- Institute for Health Informatics, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Chencheng Xie
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Megan J Riddle
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Colleen L Forster
- BioNet, Academic Health Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Huarui Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Wyatt Wagner
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jakub Tolar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Timothy C Hallstrom
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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19
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Wu T, Wu L. The Role and Clinical Implications of the Retinoblastoma (RB)-E2F Pathway in Gastric Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:655630. [PMID: 34136392 PMCID: PMC8201093 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.655630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the most common malignant tumor in the digestive tract, with very high morbidity and mortality in developing countries. The pathogenesis of gastric cancer is a complex biological process mediated by abnormal regulation of proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Although there have been some in-depth studies on gastric cancer at the molecular level, the specific mechanism has not been fully elucidated. RB family proteins (including RB, p130, and p107) are involved in cell cycle regulation, a process that largely depends on members of the E2F gene family that encode transcriptional activators and repressors. In gastric cancer, inactivation of the RB-E2F pathway serves as a core transcriptional mechanism that drives cell cycle progression, and is regulated by cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, p53, Helicobacter pylori and some other upstream molecules. The E2F proteins are encoded by eight genes (i.e. E2F1 to E2F8), each of which may play a specific role in gastric cancer. Interestingly, a single E2F such as E2F1 can activate or repress transcription, and enhance or inhibit cell proliferation, depending on the cell environment. Thus, the function of the E2F transcription factor family is very complex and needs further exploration. Importantly, the presence of H. pylori in stomach mucosa may affect the RB and p53 tumor suppressor systems, thereby promoting the occurrence of gastric cancer. This review aims to summarize recent research progress on important roles of the complex RB-E2F signaling network in the development and effective treatment of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lizhao Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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20
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UVB Inhibits Proliferation, Cell Cycle and Induces Apoptosis via p53, E2F1 and Microtubules System in Cervical Cancer Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105197. [PMID: 34068980 PMCID: PMC8157236 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) exposure has been linked to skin damage and carcinogenesis, but recently UVB has been proposed as a therapeutic approach for cancer. Herein, we investigated the cellular and molecular effects of UVB in immortal and tumorigenic HPV positive and negative cells. Cells were irradiated with 220.5 to 1102.5 J/m2 of UVB and cell proliferation was evaluated by crystal violet, while cell cycle arrest and apoptosis analysis were performed through flow cytometry. UVB effect on cells was recorded at 661.5 J/m2 and it was exacerbated at 1102.5 J/m2. All cell lines were affected by proliferation inhibition, cell cycle ablation and apoptosis induction, with different degrees depending on tumorigenesis level or HPV type. Analysis of the well-known UV-responsive p53, E2F1 and microtubules system proteins was performed in SiHa cells in response to UVB through Western-blotting assays. E2F1 and the Microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) expression decrease correlated with cellular processes alteration while p53 and Microtubule-associated Protein 1S (MAP1S) expression switch was observed since 882 J/m2, suggesting they were required under more severe cellular damage. However, expression transition of α-Tubulin3C and β-Tubulin was abruptly noticed until 1102.5 J/m2 and particularly, γ-Tubulin protein expression remained without alteration. This study provides insights into the effect of UVB in cervical cancer cell lines.
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21
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Jiang C, Sun M, Li S, Tan J, Wang M, He Y. Long non-coding RNA DICER1-AS1-low expression in arsenic-treated A549 cells inhibits cell proliferation by regulating the cell cycle pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 84:103617. [PMID: 33609750 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2021.103617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic, an environmental pollution with diverse toxicities, incurs public health problems. Arsenic trioxide could inhibit cell proliferation in vitro experiments, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully known. LncRNAs are also involved in the arsenic-induced toxicological responses. In our study, we found that the expression of lncRNA DICER1-AS1 was significantly inhibited by sodium arsenite in a dose-dependent manner. DICER1-AS1 silencing decreased the A549 cell proliferation and inhibited cell cycle progression. Importantly, DICER1-AS1 silencing induced upregulation of p21 and downregulation of Cyclin A2, Cyclin E2, CDK1 and PCNA. In conclusion, our study provided a new lncRNA-dictated regulatory mechanism participating in arsenic-induced inhibition of cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglan Jiang
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Mingjun Sun
- School of Public Health, Dali University, Dali, 650022, China
| | - Shuting Li
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Jingwen Tan
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Mengjie Wang
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yuefeng He
- School of Public Health, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, China.
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22
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Abstract
E2F transcription factor 2 (E2F2) is a member of the E2F family of transcription factors. The classical view is that some E2Fs act as "activators" and others "inhibitors" of cell cycle gene expression. However, the so-called "activator" E2F2 is particularly enigmatic, with seemingly contradictory roles in the cell cycle, proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation, and cell migration and invasion. How can we rationalize the apparently opposing functions of E2F2 in different situations? This is difficult because different methods of studying E2F2 have yielded conflicting results, so extrapolating mechanisms from an observed endpoint is challenging. This review will attempt to summarize and clarify these issues. This review focuses on genetic studies that have helped elucidate the biological functions of E2F2 and that have enhanced our understanding of how E2F2 is integrated into pathways controlling the cell cycle, proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation, and cell migration and invasion. This review will also discuss the function of E2F2 in cancer and other diseases. This review provides a strong basis for further research on the biological function and clinical potential of E2F2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luwen Li
- Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University, Ji'nan, China.,Key Lab for Biotech-Drugs of National Health Commission, Ji'nan, China.,Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Shandong First Medical University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Shiguan Wang
- Medical College, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Yihang Zhang
- Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University, Ji'nan, China.,Key Lab for Biotech-Drugs of National Health Commission, Ji'nan, China.,Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Shandong First Medical University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Jihong Pan
- Biomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University, Ji'nan, China.,Key Lab for Biotech-Drugs of National Health Commission, Ji'nan, China.,Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Shandong First Medical University, Ji'nan, China
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Samanta S, Yang S, Debnath B, Xue D, Kuang Y, Ramkumar K, Lee AS, Ljungman M, Neamati N. The Hydroxyquinoline Analogue YUM70 Inhibits GRP78 to Induce ER Stress-Mediated Apoptosis in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancer Res 2021; 81:1883-1895. [PMID: 33531374 PMCID: PMC8137563 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-1540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
GRP78 (glucose-regulated protein, 78 kDa) is a key regulator of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signaling. Cancer cells are highly proliferative and have high demand for protein synthesis and folding, which results in significant stress on the ER. To respond to ER stress and maintain cellular homeostasis, cells activate the unfolded protein response (UPR) that promotes either survival or apoptotic death. Cancer cells utilize the UPR to promote survival and growth. In this study, we describe the discovery of a series of novel hydroxyquinoline GRP78 inhibitors. A representative analogue, YUM70, inhibited pancreatic cancer cell growth in vitro and showed in vivo efficacy in a pancreatic cancer xenograft model with no toxicity to normal tissues. YUM70 directly bound GRP78 and inactivated its function, resulting in ER stress-mediated apoptosis. A YUM70 analogue conjugated with BODIPY showed colocalization of the compound with GRP78 in the ER. Moreover, a YUM70-PROTAC (proteolysis targeting chimera) was synthesized to force degradation of GRP78 in pancreatic cancer cells. YUM70 showed a strong synergistic cytotoxicity with topotecan and vorinostat. Together, our study demonstrates that YUM70 is a novel inducer of ER stress, with preclinical efficacy as a monotherapy or in combination with topoisomerase and HDAC inhibitors in pancreatic cancer. SIGNIFICANCE: This study identifies a novel ER stress inducer that binds GRP78 and inhibits pancreatic cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo, demonstrating its potential as a therapeutic agent for pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soma Samanta
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Suhui Yang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Bikash Debnath
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Ding Xue
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Yuting Kuang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kavya Ramkumar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Amy S Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mats Ljungman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rogel Cancer Center, Center for RNA Biomedicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Nouri Neamati
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
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Fouad S, Hauton D, D'Angiolella V. E2F1: Cause and Consequence of DNA Replication Stress. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 7:599332. [PMID: 33665206 PMCID: PMC7921158 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.599332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammalian cells, cell cycle entry occurs in response to the correct stimuli and is promoted by the transcriptional activity of E2F family members. E2F proteins regulate the transcription of S phase cyclins and genes required for DNA replication, DNA repair, and apoptosis. The activity of E2F1, the archetypal and most heavily studied E2F family member, is tightly controlled by the DNA damage checkpoints to modulate cell cycle progression and initiate programmed cell death, when required. Altered tumor suppressor and oncogenic signaling pathways often result in direct or indirect interference with E2F1 regulation to ensure higher rates of cell proliferation independently of external cues. Despite a clear link between dysregulated E2F1 activity and cancer progression, literature on the contribution of E2F1 to DNA replication stress phenotypes is somewhat scarce. This review discusses how dysfunctional tumor suppressor and oncogenic signaling pathways promote the disruption of E2F1 transcription and hence of its transcriptional targets, and how such events have the potential to drive DNA replication stress. In addition to the involvement of E2F1 upstream of DNA replication stress, this manuscript also considers the role of E2F1 as a downstream effector of the response to this type of cellular stress. Lastly, the review introduces some reflections on how E2F1 activity is integrated with checkpoint control through post-translational regulation, and proposes an exploitable tumor weakness based on this axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahd Fouad
- Department of Oncology, Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - David Hauton
- Department of Oncology, Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Vincenzo D'Angiolella
- Department of Oncology, Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Xu J, Liu L, Ma R, Wang Y, Chen X, Liu H, Ji Y, Liu T, Gao P. E2F1 Induces KIF26A Transcription and Promotes Cell Cycle Progression via CDK-RB-E2Fs Feedback Loop in Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 10:530933. [PMID: 33505901 PMCID: PMC7832431 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.530933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the role of KIF26A in breast cancer. Method qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry were conducted to explore KIF26A expression and functional contribution to breast cancer development. MTS, EDU, colony formation assays, and flow cytometry analysis were conducted to assess cell proliferation characteristics and cell cycle progression. A series of 5′-flanking region deletion plasmids and mutating the binding site, with the luciferase reporter assay, were used to identify the core promotor region of KIF26A. The prediction by software and construction of the transcriptional factor plasmids were used to identify the transcriptional factor. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay could demonstrate transcriptional factor directly binding to the KIF26A promoter. Human Genome Oligo Microarray Assay and gene ontology (GO) and pathway analyses were used to predict the downstream pathway. Results Our results showed that in breast cancer tissues, elevated KIF26A expression was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis. KIF26A could promote proliferation and G0/G1 phase cell cycle progression in breast cancer cells. The core promoter region of the human KIF26A gene was located upstream of the transcription start site at position −395 to −385. The transcriptional factor E2F1 was shown to activate KIF26A expression. Furthermore, KIF26A was shown to inhibit the expression of p21, then activate CDK–RB–E2Fs pathway. The elevated E2F1 can activate the cell cycle progression and the KIF26A expression, forming feedback loop. Conclusions The present study demonstrated that KIF26A, directly upregulated by E2F1, promoted cell proliferation and cell cycle progression via CDK–RB–E2Fs feedback loop in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Pathology, Affiliated Qingdao Central Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ranran Ma
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yawen Wang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Haiting Liu
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Youxin Ji
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Qingdao Central Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Tiantian Liu
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Kim SJ, MacDonald JI, Dick FA. Phosphorylation of the RB C-terminus regulates condensin II release from chromatin. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100108. [PMID: 33219128 PMCID: PMC7948394 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.016511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein (RB) plays an important role in biological processes such as cell cycle control, DNA damage repair, epigenetic regulation, and genome stability. The canonical model of RB regulation is that cyclin-CDKs phosphorylate and render RB inactive in late G1/S, promoting entry into S phase. Recently, monophosphorylated RB species were described to have distinct cell-cycle-independent functions, suggesting that a phosphorylation code dictates diversity of RB function. However, a biologically relevant, functional role of RB phosphorylation at non-CDK sites has remained elusive. Here, we investigated S838/T841 dual phosphorylation, its upstream stimulus, and downstream functional output. We found that mimicking T-cell receptor activation in Jurkat leukemia cells induced sequential activation of downstream kinases including p38 MAPK and RB S838/T841 phosphorylation. This signaling pathway disrupts RB and condensin II interaction with chromatin. Using cells expressing a WT or S838A/T841A mutant RB fragment, we present evidence that deficiency for this phosphorylation event prevents condensin II release from chromatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung J Kim
- London Regional Cancer Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada; Children's Health Research Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - James I MacDonald
- London Regional Cancer Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada; Children's Health Research Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Frederick A Dick
- London Regional Cancer Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada; Children's Health Research Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
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Post-Translational Regulation of ARF: Perspective in Cancer. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10081143. [PMID: 32759846 PMCID: PMC7465197 DOI: 10.3390/biom10081143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumorigenesis can be induced by various stresses that cause aberrant DNA mutations and unhindered cell proliferation. Under such conditions, normal cells autonomously induce defense mechanisms, thereby stimulating tumor suppressor activation. ARF, encoded by the CDKN2a locus, is one of the most frequently mutated or deleted tumor suppressors in human cancer. The safeguard roles of ARF in tumorigenesis are mainly mediated via the MDM2-p53 axis, which plays a prominent role in tumor suppression. Under normal conditions, low p53 expression is stringently regulated by its target gene, MDM2 E3 ligase, which induces p53 degradation in a ubiquitin-proteasome-dependent manner. Oncogenic signals induced by MYC, RAS, and E2Fs trap MDM2 in the inhibited state by inducing ARF expression as a safeguard measure, thereby activating the tumor-suppressive function of p53. In addition to the MDM2-p53 axis, ARF can also interact with diverse proteins and regulate various cellular functions, such as cellular senescence, apoptosis, and anoikis, in a p53-independent manner. As the evidence indicating ARF as a key tumor suppressor has been accumulated, there is growing evidence that ARF is sophisticatedly fine-tuned by the diverse factors through transcriptional and post-translational regulatory mechanisms. In this review, we mainly focused on how cancer cells employ transcriptional and post-translational regulatory mechanisms to manipulate ARF activities to circumvent the tumor-suppressive function of ARF. We further discussed the clinical implications of ARF in human cancer.
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28
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Emanuele MJ, Enrico TP, Mouery RD, Wasserman D, Nachum S, Tzur A. Complex Cartography: Regulation of E2F Transcription Factors by Cyclin F and Ubiquitin. Trends Cell Biol 2020; 30:640-652. [PMID: 32513610 PMCID: PMC7859860 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The E2F family of transcriptional regulators sits at the center of cell cycle gene expression and plays vital roles in normal and cancer cell cycles. Whereas control of E2Fs by the retinoblastoma family of proteins is well established, much less is known about their regulation by ubiquitin pathways. Recent studies placed the Skp1-Cul1-F-box-protein (SCF) family of E3 ubiquitin ligases with the F-box protein Cyclin F at the center of E2F regulation, demonstrating temporal proteolysis of both activator and atypical repressor E2Fs. Importantly, these E2F members, in particular activator E2F1 and repressors E2F7 and E2F8, form a feedback circuit at the crossroads of cell cycle and cell death. Moreover, Cyclin F functions in a reciprocal circuit with the cell cycle E3 ligase anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C), which also controls E2F7 and E2F8. This review focuses on the complex contours of feedback within this circuit, highlighting the deep crosstalk between E2F, SCF-Cyclin F, and APC/C in regulating the oscillator underlying human cell cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Emanuele
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Taylor P Enrico
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Ryan D Mouery
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Genetics and Molecular Biology Program, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Danit Wasserman
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Sapir Nachum
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Amit Tzur
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel.
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Cell Cycle-Dependent Switch of TopBP1 Functions by Cdk2 and Akt. Mol Cell Biol 2020; 40:MCB.00599-19. [PMID: 31964753 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00599-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cdk2-dependent TopBP1-treslin interaction is critical for DNA replication initiation. However, it remains unclear how this association is terminated after replication initiation is finished. Here, we demonstrate that phosphorylation of TopBP1 by Akt coincides with cyclin A activation during S and G2 phases and switches the TopBP1-interacting partner from treslin to E2F1, which results in the termination of replication initiation. Premature activation of Akt in G1 phase causes an early switch and inhibits DNA replication. TopBP1 is often overexpressed in cancer and can bypass control by Cdk2 to interact with treslin, leading to enhanced DNA replication. Consistent with this notion, reducing the levels of TopBP1 in cancer cells restores sensitivity to a Cdk2 inhibitor. Together, our study links Cdk2 and Akt pathways to the control of DNA replication through the regulation of TopBP1-treslin interaction. These data also suggest an important role for TopBP1 in driving abnormal DNA replication in cancer.
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A Regulatory Noncoding RNA, nc886, Suppresses Esophageal Cancer by Inhibiting the AKT Pathway and Cell Cycle Progression. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040801. [PMID: 32225025 PMCID: PMC7226379 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
nc886 is a regulatory non-coding RNA (ncRNA) whose expression is frequently silenced in malignancies. In the case of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), nc886 silencing is associated with shorter survival of patients, suggesting nc886’s tumor suppressor role in ESCC. However, this observation has not been complemented by an in-detail study about nc886’s impact on gene expression and cellular phenotypes. Here we have shown that nc886 inhibits AKT, a key protein in a renowned pro-survival pathway in cancer. nc886-silenced cells (nc886− cells) have activated AKT and altered expression of cell cycle genes. nc886− cells tend to have lower expression of CDKN2A and CDKN2C, both of which are inhibitors for cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK), and higher expression of CDK4 than nc886-expressing cells. As a result, nc886− cells are hyperactive in the progression of the G1 to S cell cycle phase, proliferate faster, and are more sensitive to palbociclib, which is a cancer therapeutic drug that targets CDK4/6. Experimentally by nc886 expression and knockdown, we have determined the AKT target genes and cell cycle genes that are controlled by nc886 (nc886-associated gene sets). These gene sets, in combination with pathologic staging and nc886 expression levels, are a vastly superior predictor for the survival of 108 ESCC patients. In summary, our study has elucidated in ESCC how nc886 inhibits cell proliferation to explain its tumor suppressor role and identified gene sets that are of future clinical utility, by predicting patient survival and responsiveness to a therapeutic drug.
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Gupta S, Silveira DA, Barbé-Tuana FM, Mombach JCM. Integrative data modeling from lung and lymphatic cancer predicts functional roles for miR-34a and miR-16 in cell fate regulation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2511. [PMID: 32054948 PMCID: PMC7018995 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59339-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
MiR-34a and miR-16 coordinately control cell cycle checkpoint in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. In cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) cells miR-16 regulates a switch between apoptosis and senescence, however the role of miR-34a in this process is unclear. Both miRNAs share many common targets and experimental evidences suggest that they synergistically control the cell-fate regulation of NSCLC. In this work we investigate whether the coordinate action between miR-34a and miR-16 can explain experimental results in multiple cell lines of NSCLC and CTCL. For that we propose a Boolean model of the G1/S checkpoint regulation contemplating the regulatory influences of both miRNAs. Model validation was performed by comparisons with experimental information from the following cell lines: A549, H460, H1299, MyLa and MJ presenting excellent agreement. The model integrates in a single logical framework the mechanisms responsible for cell fate decision in NSCLC and CTCL cells. From the model analysis we suggest that miR-34a is the main controller of miR-16 activity in these cells. The model also allows to investigate perturbations of single or more molecules with the purpose to intervene in cell fate mechanisms of NSCLC and CTCL cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shantanu Gupta
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Daner A Silveira
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Florencia M Barbé-Tuana
- Postgraduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - José Carlos M Mombach
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic and recurrent inflammatory skin disease, involving the rapid proliferation and abnormal differentiation of keratinocytes and activation of T cells. It is generally accepted that the central pathogenesis of psoriasis is a T cell-dominant immune disorder affected by multiple factors including genetic susceptibility, environmental factors, innate and adaptive immune responses, etc. However, the exact etiology is largely unknown. In recent years, epigenetic involvements, such as the DNA methylation, chromatin modifications, and noncoding RNA regulation are reported to be critical for the pathogenesis of psoriasis. However, the interplay between these factors has only recently been started to be unraveled. Notably, inhibitors of enzymes that work in epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methyltransferases and histone deacetylases, are beginning to appear in the clinical setting to restore normal epigenetic patterns (Generali et al. in J Autoimmun 83:51-61, 2017), providing novel therapeutic potential as novel treatment targets for psoriasis. Indeed, medications previously used to treat autoimmune diseases have later been discovered to exert their action via epigenetic mechanisms. Herein, we review the findings on epigenetics associated with psoriasis, and discuss future perspectives in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Shao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shannxi, China
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Greenspan LJ, Matunis EL. Retinoblastoma Intrinsically Regulates Niche Cell Quiescence, Identity, and Niche Number in the Adult Drosophila Testis. Cell Rep 2019; 24:3466-3476.e8. [PMID: 30257208 PMCID: PMC6226258 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.08.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeostasis in adult tissues depends on the precise regulation of stem cells and their surrounding microenvironments, or niches. Here, we show that the cell cycle inhibitor and tumor suppressor Retinoblastoma (RB) is a critical regulator of niche cells in the Drosophila testis. The testis contains a single niche, composed of somatic hub cells, that signals to adjacent germline and somatic stem cells. Hub cells are normally quiescent, but knockdown of the RB homolog Rbf in these cells causes them to proliferate and convert to somatic stem cells. Over time, mutant hub cell clusters enlarge and split apart, forming ectopic hubs surrounded by active stem cells. Furthermore, we show that Rbf’s ability to restrict niche number depends on the transcription factors E2F and Escargot and the adhesion molecule E-cadherin. Together this work reveals how precise modulation of niche cells, not only the stem cells they support, can drive regeneration and disease. Greenspan and Matunis find that the tumor suppressor Retinoblastoma is required in niche cells to maintain quiescence, cell fate, and niche number. Loss of Retinoblastoma causes niche cell divisions, conversion to somatic stem cells, and ectopic niche formation through niche fission, suggesting that mutations in niche cells may drive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah J Greenspan
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Erika L Matunis
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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Singh S, Kaur S, Gupta M, Seam RK, Khosla R, Changotra H. E2F1 gene variant rs2071054 is a risk factor for head and neck and cervical cancers: A pilot study. GENE REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2019.100476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Li Y, Cao Y, Wang J, Fu S, Cheng J, Ma L, Zhang Q, Guo W, Kan X, Liu J. Kp-10 promotes bovine mammary epithelial cell proliferation by activating GPR54 and its downstream signaling pathways. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:4481-4493. [PMID: 31621904 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported that the proliferation and apoptosis of mammary epithelial cells affect milk production. Therefore, ensuring adequate mammary epithelial cells is expected to enhance milk production. This study is devoted to studying the effects of kisspeptin-10 (Kp-10), a peptide hormone composed of 10 amino acids, on bovine mammary epithelial cell (bMEC) proliferation and exploring the underlying mechanism of its action. bMECs were treated with various concentrations of Kp-10 (1, 10, 100, and 1,000 nM), and 100 nM Kp-10 promoted the proliferation of the bMECs. Kp-10 promoted the cell cycle transition from G1 to the S and G2 phases, increased the protein levels of Cyclin D1 and Cyclin D3, and reduced the expression levels of the p21 gene. This study also showed that inhibition of G protein-coupled receptor 54 (GPR54), AKT, mTOR, and ERK1/2 reduced the proliferation of the bMECs that had been induced by Kp-10. In addition, Kp-10 decreased the complexes formed by Rb and E2F1 and increased the expression levels of the E2F1 target genes. These results indicate that Kp-10 promotes bMEC proliferation by activating GPR54 and its downstream signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei Li
- Department of Theoretic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Theoretic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jiaxin Wang
- Department of Theoretic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Shoupeng Fu
- Department of Theoretic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ji Cheng
- Department of Theoretic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Lijun Ma
- Department of Theoretic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Theoretic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Wenjin Guo
- Department of Theoretic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xingchi Kan
- Department of Theoretic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Juxiong Liu
- Department of Theoretic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Behbahanipour M, Peymani M, Salari M, Hashemi MS, Nasr-Esfahani MH, Ghaedi K. Expression Profiling of Blood microRNAs 885, 361, and 17 in the Patients with the Parkinson's disease: Integrating Interaction Data to Uncover the Possible Triggering Age-Related Mechanisms. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13759. [PMID: 31551498 PMCID: PMC6760236 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50256-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to contribute to the pathophysiology of the Parkinson’s disease (PD), an age related-neurodegenerative disorder. The aim of present study was to compare the expression profiles of a new set of candidate miRNAs related to aging and cellular senescence in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from the PD patients with healthy controls and then in the early and advanced stages of the PD patients with their controls to clarify whether their expression was correlated with the disease severity. We have also proposed a consensus-based strategy to interpret the miRNAs expression data to gain a better insight into the molecular regulatory alterations during the incidence of PD. We evaluated the miRNA expression levels in the PBMCs obtained from 36 patients with PD and 16 healthy controls by the reverse transcription-quantitative real-time PCR and their performance to discriminate the PD patients from the healthy subjects assessed using the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Also, we applied our consensus and integration approach to construct a deregulated miRNA-based network in PD with the respective targets and transcription factors, and the enriched gene ontology and pathways using the enrichment analysis approach were obtained. There was a significant overexpression of miR-885 and miR-17 and the downregulation of miR-361 in the PD patients compared to the controls. The blood expression of miR-885 and miR-17 tended to increase along with the disease severity. On the other hand, the lower levels of miR-361 in the early stages of the PD patients, as compared to controls, and its higher levels in the advanced stages of PD patients, as compared to the early stages of the PD patients, were observed. Combination of all three miRNAs showed an appropriate value of AUC (0.985) to discriminate the PD patients from the healthy subjects. Also, the deregulated miRNAs were linked to the known PD pathways and the candidate related target genes were presented. We revealed 3 candidate biomarkers related to aging and cellular senescence for the first time in the patients with PD. Our in-silico analysis identified candidate target genes and TFs, including those related to neurodegeneration and PD. Overall, our findings provided novel insights into the probable age-regulatory mechanisms underlying PD and a rationale to further clarify the role of the identified miRNAs in the PD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molood Behbahanipour
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Peymani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran. .,Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Mehri Salari
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Shohada Tajrish Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Motahare-Sadat Hashemi
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Kamran Ghaedi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran. .,Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran.
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Wang D, Zhao J, Li S, Wei J, Nan L, Mallampalli RK, Weathington NM, Ma H, Zhao Y. Phosphorylated E2F1 is stabilized by nuclear USP11 to drive Peg10 gene expression and activate lung epithelial cells. J Mol Cell Biol 2019; 10:60-73. [PMID: 28992046 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjx034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation affects ubiquitination, stability, and activity of transcriptional factors, thus regulating various cellular functions. E2F transcriptional factor 1 (E2F1) regulates paternally expressed imprinted gene 10 (Peg10) expression, thereby promoting cell proliferation. However, the effect of E2F1 stability on Peg10 expression and the molecular regulation of E2F1 stability by its phosphorylation have not been well demonstrated. Here, we describe a new pathway in which phosphorylation of E2F1 by GSK3β increases E2F1 association with the deubiquitinating enzyme, ubiquitin-specific protease 11 (USP11), which removes K63-linked ubiquitin chains thereby preventing E2F1 degradation in the nuclei. Downregulation of USP11 increases E2F1 ubiquitination and reduces E2F1 stability and protein levels, thereby decreasing Peg10 mRNA levels. Physiologically, USP11 depletion suppresses cell proliferation and wound healing in lung epithelial cells, and these effects are reversed by E2F1 and PEG10 overexpression. Thus, our study reveals a new molecular model that phosphorylation promotes substrate stability through increasing its association with a deubiquitinating enzyme. The data suggest that GSK3β and USP11 act in concert to modulate E2F1 abundance and PEG10 expression in lung epithelial cells to affect cell wound healing. This study provides new therapeutic targets to lessen lung injury by improving lung epithelial cell repair and remodeling after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Department of Anesthesia, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.,Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jianxin Wei
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Ling Nan
- Department of Anesthesia, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Rama K Mallampalli
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.,Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence and Vascular Medical Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Nathaniel M Weathington
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.,Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence and Vascular Medical Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Haichun Ma
- Department of Anesthesia, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yutong Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA.,Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence and Vascular Medical Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
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Synthesis of novel S-linked dihydroartemisinin derivatives and evaluation of their anticancer activity. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 178:552-570. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Zhang D, Zhou J, Gao J, Wu RY, Huang YL, Jin QW, Chen JS, Tang WZ, Yan LH. Targeting snoRNAs as an emerging method of therapeutic development for cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:1504-1516. [PMID: 31497339 PMCID: PMC6726984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The relevance of the dysregulation of snoRNAs in human cancer has been widely investigated and has challenged the view that snoRNAs merely function as house-keeping genes for the posttranscriptional modification of rRNAs. Accumulating evidence has shown the intimate connection between snoRNAs and proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and migration of tumor cells via manual intervention patterns of snoRNA expression. In this review, we focused on how snoRNAs are dysregulated and its regulation of the formation and development of cancer. We summarized the non-classical functions of snoRNAs in the context of their regulations of the signaling pathways involving PI3K-AKT and K-Ras and p53-dependant manner. Under these novel functions and characteristics, snoRNAs can act as potential and feasible biomarkers for diagnosis. Simultaneously, these promising therapeutic strategies should be considered to counteract the perturbations of snoRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Colorectal CancerNanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Juan Zhou
- Department of Gynecological Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Colorectal CancerNanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Ri-Ying Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Colorectal CancerNanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Ying-Long Huang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Colorectal CancerNanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Qin-Wen Jin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Colorectal CancerNanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jian-Si Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Colorectal CancerNanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Wei-Zhong Tang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Colorectal CancerNanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Lin-Hai Yan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical UniversityNanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Colorectal CancerNanning 530021, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
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40
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Gao S, Song Q, Liu J, Zhang X, Ji X, Wang P. E2F1 mediates the downregulation of POLD1 in replicative senescence. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:2833-2850. [PMID: 30895337 PMCID: PMC6588650 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03070-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
POLD1, the catalytic subunit of DNA Pol δ, plays an important role in DNA synthesis and DNA damage repair, and POLD1 is downregulated in replicative senescence and mediates cell aging. However, the mechanisms of age-related downregulation of POLD1 expression have not been elucidated. In this study, four potential CpG islands in the POLD1 promoter were found, and the methylation levels of the POLD1 promoter were increased in aging 2BS cells, WI-38 cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes, especially at a single site, CpG 36, in CpG island 3. Then, the transcription factor E2F1 was observed to bind to these sites. The binding affinity of E2F1 for the POLD1 promoter was found to show age-related attenuation and was confirmed to be positively regulated by the E2F1 level and negatively regulated by POLD1 promoter methylation. Moreover, cell senescence characteristics were observed in the cells transfected with shRNA-E2F1 and could contribute to the downregulation of POLD1 induced by the E2F1 decline. Collectively, these results indicated that the attenuation of the binding affinity of E2F1 for the POLD1 promoter, mediated by an age-related decline in E2F1 and increased methylation of CpG island 3, downregulates POLD1 expression in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichao Gao
- Clinical Laboratory of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiao Song
- Clinical Laboratory of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- Clinical Laboratory of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, People's Republic of China
| | - Xunming Ji
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, People's Republic of China
| | - Peichang Wang
- Clinical Laboratory of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, People's Republic of China.
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, People's Republic of China.
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41
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Indovina P, Pentimalli F, Conti D, Giordano A. Translating RB1 predictive value in clinical cancer therapy: Are we there yet? Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 166:323-334. [PMID: 31176618 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The retinoblastoma RB1 gene has been identified in the 80s as the first tumor suppressor. RB1 loss of function, as well alterations in its pathway, occur in most human cancers and often have prognostic value. RB1 has a key role in restraining cell cycle entry and, along with its family members, regulates a myriad of cellular processes and affects cell response to a variety of stimuli, ultimately determining cell fate. Consistently, RB1 status is a crucial determinant of the cell response to antitumoral therapies, impacting on the outcome of both traditional and modern anti-cancer strategies, including precision medicine approaches, such as kinase inhibitors, and immunotherapy. Despite many efforts however, the predictive value of RB1 status in the clinical practice is still underused, mainly owing to the complexity of RB1 function, to differences depending on the cellular context and on the therapeutic strategies, and, not-lastly, to technical issues. Here, we provide an overview of studies analyzing the role of RB1 in response to conventional cytotoxic and cytostatic therapeutic agents in different cancer types, including hormone dependent ones. We also review RB1 predictive value in the response to the last generation CDK4/6 inhibitors, other kinase inhibitors, and immunotherapy and discuss new emerging non-canonical roles of RB1 that could impact on the response to antitumoral treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Indovina
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Francesca Pentimalli
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS, Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli 80131, Italy
| | - Daniele Conti
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA; Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena 53100, Italy
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA; Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena 53100, Italy.
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42
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Gutiérrez-González M, Latorre Y, Zúñiga R, Aguillón JC, Molina MC, Altamirano C. Transcription factor engineering in CHO cells for recombinant protein production. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2019; 39:665-679. [PMID: 31030575 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2019.1605496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The continuous increase of approved biopharmaceutical products drives the development of more efficient recombinant protein expression systems. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are the mainstay for this purpose but have some drawbacks, such as low levels of expression. Several strategies have been applied to increase the productivity of CHO cells with different outcomes. Transcription factor (TF) engineering has emerged as an interesting and successful approach, as these proteins can act as master regulators; the expression and function of a TF can be controlled by small molecules, and it is possible to design tailored TFs and promoters with desired features. To date, the majority of studies have focused on the use of TFs with growth, metabolic, cell cycle or endoplasmic reticulum functions, although there is a trend to develop new, synthetic TFs. Moreover, new synthetic biological approaches are showing promising advances for the development of specific TFs, even with tailored ligand sensitivity. In this article, we summarize the strategies to increase recombinant protein expression by modulating and designing TFs and with advancements in synthetic biology. We also illustrate how this class of proteins can be used to develop more robust expression systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yesenia Latorre
- b Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso , Valparaíso , Chile
| | - Roberto Zúñiga
- a Centro de InmunoBiotecnología, Universidad de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | | | | | - Claudia Altamirano
- b Escuela de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso , Valparaíso , Chile
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43
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Elewa YHA, Mohamed AAR, Galal AAA, El-Naseery NI, Ichii O, Kon Y. Food Yellow4 reprotoxicity in relation to localization of DMC1 and apoptosis in rat testes: Roles of royal jelly and cod liver oil. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 169:696-706. [PMID: 30500739 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.11.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Food Yellow 4 (FY4) is a lemon-yellow-colored synthetic organic azo dye, which is used widely for imparting pleasant and attractive appearance to foods and cosmetics. The present study aimed at evaluating the possible mechanism underlying the FY4-induced reprotoxicity in rats, and the potential supportive role of royal jelly (RJ) or cod liver oil (CLO), which is a natural remedy with several pharmacological benefits, against induced toxicity. Forty-eight male rats were divided into different groups-the control group, the CLO group (0.4 mL/kg), the RJ group (300 mg/kg), the FY4 group (500 mg/kg b.w.), and the co-treated groups (FY4 + CLO or FY4 + RJ). Semen analysis, serum hormones, and enzyme activities were estimated. Immunohistochemical staining was performed using anti-PCNA, anti-Sox 9, anti-STRA8, anti-DMC1, and anti-ssDNA antibody. The FY4 group exhibited a significant decrease in sperm concentration and motility percentage (%) and a substantial reduction in the TES and LH levels. Testicular LDH, ACP, and SDH were observed to be inhibited. Furthermore, co-localization of DMC1 and ssDNA, which reflected apoptotic induction in the leptotene and zygotene spermatocytes, respectively, was observed to have markedly elevated in the FY4 treated rats, with fewer PCNA-positive and SOX9-positive cells and higher ssDNA-positive cells in the seminiferous epithelium in comparison to the control groups. Interestingly, co-treatment with CLO or RJ exhibited healthy sperms and restored their features, activated the enzyme production, and raised the levels of sexual hormones. In addition, both RJ and CLO restored the features of the testicular tissue as observed under a light microscope, and limited the apoptosis as observed through antibody staining. Collectively, the results of the present study revealed that the co-administration of RJ or CLO with FY4 improved the biochemical, hormonal, and structural aspects of the testicular tissue in rats. Therefore, CLO and RJ may be considered promising agents that would be able to improve the testicular structure and function in the FY4-exposed individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaser H A Elewa
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt; Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Amany Abdel-Rahman Mohamed
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt.
| | - Azza A A Galal
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Nesma I El-Naseery
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Osamu Ichii
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kon
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Japan
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Qiao L, Zhang Q, Zhang W, Chen JJ. The lysine acetyltransferase GCN5 contributes to human papillomavirus oncoprotein E7-induced cell proliferation via up-regulating E2F1. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:5333-5345. [PMID: 30079588 PMCID: PMC6201343 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
General control nondepressible 5 (GCN5), the first identified transcription-related lysine acetyltransferase (KAT), is an important catalytic component of a transcriptional regulatory SAGA (Spt-Ada-GCN5-Acetyltransferase) and ATAC (ADA2A-containing) complex. While GCN5 has been implicated in cancer development, its role in cervical cancer is not known. The human papillomavirus (HPV) oncoprotein E7 abrogates the G1 cell cycle checkpoint and induces genomic instability, which plays a central role in cervical carcinogenesis. In this study, we observed that GCN5 was up-regulated in HPV E7-expressing cells, knockdown of GCN5 inhibited cell cycle progression and DNA synthesis in HPV E7-expressing cells. Notably, GCN5 knockdown reduced the steady-state levels of transcription factor E2F1. Depletion of E2F1 caused G1 arrest while overexpression of E2F1 rescued the inhibitory effects of GCN5 knockdown on G1/S progression in HPV E7-expressing cells. Results from chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays demonstrated that GCN5 bound to the E2F1 promoter and increased the extent of histone acetylation within these regions. GCN5 also acetylated c-Myc and increased its ability to bind to the E2F1 promoter. Knockdown of c-Myc reduced the steady-state levels of E2F1 and caused G1 arrest. These results revealed a novel mechanism of E7 function whereby elevated GCN5 acetylates histones and c-Myc to regulate E2F1 expression and cell cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Qiao
- The Cancer Research Center and Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qishu Zhang
- The Cancer Research Center and Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Weifang Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jason J Chen
- The Cancer Research Center and Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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The Temporal Regulation of S Phase Proteins During G 1. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1042:335-369. [PMID: 29357066 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-6955-0_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Successful DNA replication requires intimate coordination with cell-cycle progression. Prior to DNA replication initiation in S phase, a series of essential preparatory events in G1 phase ensures timely, complete, and precise genome duplication. Among the essential molecular processes are regulated transcriptional upregulation of genes that encode replication proteins, appropriate post-transcriptional control of replication factor abundance and activity, and assembly of DNA-loaded protein complexes to license replication origins. In this chapter we describe these critical G1 events necessary for DNA replication and their regulation in the context of both cell-cycle entry and cell-cycle progression.
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Chitwood JL, Burruel VR, Halstead MM, Meyers SA, Ross PJ. Transcriptome profiling of individual rhesus macaque oocytes and preimplantation embryos. Biol Reprod 2018; 97:353-364. [PMID: 29025079 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/iox114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Early mammalian embryonic transcriptomes are dynamic throughout the process of preimplantation development. Cataloging of primate transcriptomics during early development has been accomplished in humans, but global characterization of transcripts is lacking in the rhesus macaque: a key model for human reproductive processes. We report here the systematic classification of individual macaque transcriptomes using RNA-Seq technology from the germinal vesicle stage oocyte through the blastocyst stage embryo. Major differences in gene expression were found between sequential stages, with the 4- to 8-cell stages showing the highest level of differential gene expression. Analysis of putative transcription factor binding sites also revealed a striking increase in key regulatory factors in 8-cell embryos, indicating a strong likelihood of embryonic genome activation occurring at this stage. Furthermore, clustering analyses of gene co-expression throughout this period resulted in distinct groups of transcripts significantly associated to the different embryo stages assayed. The sequence data provided here along with characterizations of major regulatory transcript groups present a comprehensive atlas of polyadenylated transcripts that serves as a useful resource for comparative studies of preimplantation development in humans and other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Chitwood
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Victoria R Burruel
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Michelle M Halstead
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Stuart A Meyers
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Pablo J Ross
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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47
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Ko A, Han SY, Song J. Regulatory Network of ARF in Cancer Development. Mol Cells 2018; 41:381-389. [PMID: 29665672 PMCID: PMC5974615 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2018.0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ARF is a tumor suppressor protein that has a pivotal role in the prevention of cancer development through regulating cell proliferation, senescence, and apoptosis. As a factor that induces senescence, the role of ARF as a tumor suppressor is closely linked to the p53-MDM2 axis, which is a key process that restrains tumor formation. Thus, many cancer cells either lack a functional ARF or p53, which enables them to evade cell oncogenic stress-mediated cycle arrest, senescence, or apoptosis. In particular, the ARF gene is a frequent target of genetic and epigenetic alterations including promoter hyper-methylation or gene deletion. However, as many cancer cells still express ARF, pathways that negatively modulate transcriptional or post-translational regulation of ARF could be potentially important means for cancer cells to induce cellular proliferation. These recent findings of regulators affecting ARF protein stability along with its low levels in numerous human cancers indicate the significance of an ARF post-translational mechanism in cancers. Novel findings of regulators stimulating or suppressing ARF function would provide new therapeutic targets to manage cancer- and senescence-related diseases. In this review, we present the current knowledge on the regulation and alterations of ARF expression in human cancers, and indicate the importance of regulators of ARF as a prognostic marker and in potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aram Ko
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722,
Korea
| | - Su Yeon Han
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722,
Korea
| | - Jaewhan Song
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722,
Korea
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Pellicano F, Park L, Hopcroft LEM, Shah MM, Jackson L, Scott MT, Clarke CJ, Sinclair A, Abraham SA, Hair A, Helgason GV, Aspinall-O'Dea M, Bhatia R, Leone G, Kranc KR, Whetton AD, Holyoake TL. hsa-mir183/EGR1-mediated regulation of E2F1 is required for CML stem/progenitor cell survival. Blood 2018; 131:1532-1544. [PMID: 29437554 PMCID: PMC6027092 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-05-783845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) stem/progenitor cells (SPCs) express a transcriptional program characteristic of proliferation, yet can achieve and maintain quiescence. Understanding the mechanisms by which leukemic SPCs maintain quiescence will help to clarify how they persist during long-term targeted treatment. We have identified a novel BCR-ABL1 protein kinase-dependent pathway mediated by the upregulation of hsa-mir183, the downregulation of its direct target early growth response 1 (EGR1), and, as a consequence, upregulation of E2F1. We show here that inhibition of hsa-mir183 reduced proliferation and impaired colony formation of CML SPCs. Downstream of this, inhibition of E2F1 also reduced proliferation of CML SPCs, leading to p53-mediated apoptosis. In addition, we demonstrate that E2F1 plays a pivotal role in regulating CML SPC proliferation status. Thus, for the first time, we highlight the mechanism of hsa-mir183/EGR1-mediated E2F1 regulation and demonstrate this axis as a novel, critical factor for CML SPC survival, offering new insights into leukemic stem cell eradication.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Proliferation
- Cell Survival
- E2F1 Transcription Factor/biosynthesis
- E2F1 Transcription Factor/genetics
- Early Growth Response Protein 1/genetics
- Early Growth Response Protein 1/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Male
- Mice, Knockout
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Up-Regulation
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pellicano
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Park
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa E M Hopcroft
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Mansi M Shah
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Lorna Jackson
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Mary T Scott
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Cassie J Clarke
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Amy Sinclair
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Sheela A Abraham
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Hair
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - G Vignir Helgason
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Aspinall-O'Dea
- Stem Cell and Leukaemia Proteomics Laboratory, Faculty Institute of Cancer Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ravi Bhatia
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Gustavo Leone
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC; and
| | - Kamil R Kranc
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony D Whetton
- Stem Cell and Leukaemia Proteomics Laboratory, Faculty Institute of Cancer Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Tessa L Holyoake
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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In situ regeneration of retinal pigment epithelium by gene transfer of E2F2: a potential strategy for treatment of macular degenerations. Gene Ther 2017; 24:810-818. [PMID: 29188796 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2017.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) interacts closely with photoreceptors to maintain visual function. In degenerative diseases such as Stargardt disease and age-related macular degeneration, the leading cause of blindness in the developed world, RPE cell loss is followed by photoreceptor cell death. RPE cells can proliferate under certain conditions, suggesting an intrinsic regenerative potential, but so far this has not been utilised therapeutically. Here, we used E2F2 to induce RPE cell replication and thereby regeneration. In both young and old (2 and 18 month) wildtype mice, subretinal injection of non-integrating lentiviral vector expressing E2F2 resulted in 47% of examined RPE cells becoming BrdU positive. E2F2 induced an increase in RPE cell density of 17% compared with control vector-treated and 14% compared with untreated eyes. We also tested this approach in an inducible transgenic mouse model of RPE loss, generated through activation of diphtheria toxin-A gene. E2F2 expression resulted in a 10-fold increase in BrdU uptake and a 34% increase in central RPE cell density. Although in mice this localised rescue is insufficiently large to be demonstrable by electroretinography, a measure of massed retinal function, these results provide proof-of-concept for a strategy to induce in situ regeneration of RPE for the treatment of RPE degeneration.
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50
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Dai J, Miller MA, Everetts NJ, Wang X, Li P, Li Y, Xu JH, Yao G. Elimination of quiescent slow-cycling cells via reducing quiescence depth by natural compounds purified from Ganoderma lucidum. Oncotarget 2017; 8:13770-13781. [PMID: 28099150 PMCID: PMC5355137 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The medical mushroom Ganoderma lucidum has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine and shown effective in the treatment of many diseases including cancer. Here we studied the cytotoxic effects of two natural compounds purified from Ganoderma lucidum, ergosterol peroxide and ganodermanondiol. We found that these two compounds exhibited cytotoxicity not only against fast proliferating cells, but on quiescent, slow-cycling cells. Using a fibroblast cell-quiescence model, we found that the cytotoxicity on quiescent cells was due to induced apoptosis, and was associated with a shallower quiescent state in compound-treated cells, resultant from the increased basal activity of an Rb-E2F bistable switch that controls quiescence exit. Accordingly, we showed that quiescent breast cancer cells (MCF7), compared to its non-transformed counterpart (MCF10A), were preferentially killed by ergosterol peroxide and ganodermanondiol treatment presumably due to their already less stable quiescent state. The cytotoxic effect of natural Ganoderma lucidum compounds against quiescent cells, preferentially on quiescent cancer cells vs. non-cancer cells, may help future antitumor development against the slow-cycling cancer cell subpopulations including cancer stem and progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Dai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Matthew A Miller
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Nicholas J Everetts
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Peng Li
- School of Pharmacy and Fujian Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ye Li
- Fujian Xianzhilou Biological Science and Technology Co, Ltd, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jian-Hua Xu
- School of Pharmacy and Fujian Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Guang Yao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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