1
|
Cantu A, Gutierrez MC, Dong X, Leek C, Anguera M, Lingappan K. Modulation of recovery from neonatal hyperoxic lung injury by sex as a biological variable. Redox Biol 2023; 68:102933. [PMID: 38661305 PMCID: PMC10628633 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Recovery from lung injury during the neonatal period requires the orchestration of many biological pathways. The modulation of such pathways can drive the developing lung towards proper repair or persistent maldevelopment that can lead to a disease phenotype. Sex as a biological variable can regulate these pathways differently in the male and female lung exposed to neonatal hyperoxia. In this study, we assessed the contribution of cellular diversity in the male and female neonatal lung following injury. Our objective was to investigate sex and cell-type specific transcriptional changes that drive repair or persistent injury in the neonatal lung and delineate the alterations in the immune-endothelial cell communication networks using single cell RNA sequencing (sc-RNAseq) in a murine model of hyperoxic injury. We generated transcriptional profiles of >55,000 cells isolated from the lungs of postnatal day 1 (PND 1; pre-exposure), PND 7, and PND 21neonatal male and female C57BL/6 mice exposed to 95 % FiO2 between PND 1-5 (saccular stage of lung development). We show the presence of sex-based differences in the transcriptional states of lung endothelial and immune cells at PND 1 and PND 21. Furthermore, we demonstrate that biological sex significantly influences the response to injury, with a greater number of differentially expressed genes showing sex-specific patterns than those shared between male and female lungs. Pseudotime trajectory analysis highlighted genes needed for lung development that were altered by hyperoxia. Finally, we show intercellular communication between endothelial and immune cells at saccular and alveolar stages of lung development with sex-based biases in the crosstalk and identify novel ligand-receptor pairs. Our findings provide valuable insights into the cell diversity, transcriptional state, developmental trajectory, and cell-cell communication underlying neonatal lung injury, with implications for understanding lung development and possible therapeutic interventions while highlighting the crucial role of sex as a biological variable.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abiud Cantu
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Xiaoyu Dong
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Connor Leek
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Montserrat Anguera
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Krithika Lingappan
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cantu A, Gutierrez MC, Dong X, Leek C, Anguera M, Lingappan K. Modulation of Recovery from Neonatal Hyperoxic Lung Injury by Sex as a Biological Variable. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.09.552532. [PMID: 37609288 PMCID: PMC10441379 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.09.552532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Recovery from lung injury during the neonatal period requires the orchestration of many biological pathways. The modulation of such pathways can drive the developing lung towards proper repair or persistent maldevelopment that can lead to a disease phenotype. Sex as a biological variable can regulate these pathways differently in the male and female lung exposed to neonatal hyperoxia. In this study, we assessed the contribution of cellular diversity in the male and female neonatal lung following injury. Our objective was to investigate sex and cell-type specific transcriptional changes that drive repair or persistent injury in the neonatal lung and delineate the alterations in the immune-endothelial cell communication networks using single cell RNA sequencing (sc-RNAseq) in a murine model of hyperoxic injury. We generated transcriptional profiles of >55,000 cells isolated from the lungs of postnatal day 1 (PND 1) and postnatal day 21 (PND 21) neonatal male and female C57BL/6 mice exposed to 95% FiO 2 between PND 1-5 (saccular stage of lung development). We show the presence of sex-based differences in the transcriptional states of lung endothelial and immune cells at PND 1 and PND 21. Furthermore, we demonstrate that biological sex significantly influences the response to injury, with a greater number of differentially expressed genes showing sex-specific patterns than those shared between male and female lungs. Pseudotime trajectory analysis highlighted genes needed for lung development that were altered by hyperoxia. Finally, we show intercellular communication between endothelial and immune cells at saccular and alveolar stages of lung development with sex-based biases in the crosstalk and identify novel ligand-receptor pairs. Our findings provide valuable insights into the cell diversity, transcriptional state, developmental trajectory, and cell-cell communication underlying neonatal lung injury, with implications for understanding lung development and possible therapeutic interventions while highlighting the crucial role of sex as a biological variable.
Collapse
|
3
|
Drysdale A, Unsworth AJ, White SJ, Jones S. The Contribution of Vascular Proteoglycans to Atherothrombosis: Clinical Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11854. [PMID: 37511615 PMCID: PMC10380219 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The vascular extracellular matrix (ECM) produced by endothelial and smooth muscle cells is composed of collagens and glycoproteins and plays an integral role in regulating the structure and function of the vascular wall. Alteration in the expression of these proteins is associated with endothelial dysfunction and has been implicated in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. The ECM composition of atherosclerotic plaques varies depending on plaque phenotype and vulnerability, with distinct differences observed between ruptured and erodes plaques. Moreover, the thrombi on the exposed ECM are diverse in structure and composition, suggesting that the best antithrombotic approach may differ depending on plaque phenotype. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the role of proteoglycans in atherogenesis and thrombosis. It discusses the differential expression of the proteoglycans in different plaque phenotypes and the potential impact on platelet function and thrombosis. Finally, the review highlights the importance of this concept in developing a targeted approach to antithrombotic treatments to improve clinical outcomes in cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Drysdale
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; (A.D.); (A.J.U.)
| | - Amanda J. Unsworth
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; (A.D.); (A.J.U.)
| | - Stephen J. White
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK;
| | - Sarah Jones
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; (A.D.); (A.J.U.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Parikh SA, Edelman ER. Tissue-Engineered Endothelial Cells Induce Sustained Vascular Healing Through Early Induction of Vascular Repair. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40883-022-00272-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Perivascular implantation of tissue-engineered endothelial cells (TEEC) after vascular injury profoundly inhibits neointimal hyperplasia. However, the time course and mechanism by which this effect occurs remain unknown. By developing genetically modified TEEC that express a “suicide gene,” we can control the time during which the TEEC could exert their effect and determine the length of time TEEC need to be present following vascular injury to exert their inhibitory effect on long-term neointimal hyperplasia.
Methods
Bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAE) were transfected with the human herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (tk) gene to render them sensitive to ganciclovir (GCV). These BAE+tk were grown to confluence on Gelfoam and shown to have the same growth kinetics and biologic potency as control cells but were sensitive to GCV at low concentrations. The BAE+tk were grown on Gelfoam and placed in the perivascular space around balloon-injured rat carotid arteries. Rats randomly received BAE-tk, BAE+tk, or nothing (control) after balloon injury. GCV was administered early (days 1–7), late (days 5–11), or not at all.
Results
Two weeks after injury, extensive neointimal hyperplasia was observed in control animals with an intima:media (I:M) area ratio of 0.80 ± 0.19. Early administration of GCV killed the BAE in constructs with TK sensitivity and eliminated the impact of TEEC regulation of intimal hyperplasia (0.45 ± 0.06). Intimal hyperplasia was still effectively reduced in animals with implants containing BAE-tk or BAE+tk which received GCV late (0.11 ± 0.04 and 0.19 ± 0.05). Immunohistochemistry demonstrated the lethal effect of GCV on TK-sensitive cells.
Conclusions
The application of perivascular TEEC for only the first few days after injury had a significant inhibitory effect on intimal hyperplasia. This is in contrast to the results obtained in this same animal model with the infusion of isolated anti-smooth muscle cell proliferative agents. This suggests that the mechanism of action of TEEC may be upstream from smooth muscle cell proliferation. Moreover, the use of this technique to further elucidate biologic mechanisms will prove invaluable in the tissue engineering field.
Lay Summary
We report a novel, genetically altered tissue-engineered endothelial cell (TEEC) implant that inhibits neointimal hyperplasia after experimental vascular injury. The viability of these implants can be carefully controlled and suggest a putative mechanism by which TEEC recapitulate control over the vascular response to injury.
Collapse
|
5
|
Into the Tissues: Extracellular Matrix and Its Artificial Substitutes: Cell Signalling Mechanisms. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050914. [PMID: 35269536 PMCID: PMC8909573 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The existence of orderly structures, such as tissues and organs is made possible by cell adhesion, i.e., the process by which cells attach to neighbouring cells and a supporting substance in the form of the extracellular matrix. The extracellular matrix is a three-dimensional structure composed of collagens, elastin, and various proteoglycans and glycoproteins. It is a storehouse for multiple signalling factors. Cells are informed of their correct connection to the matrix via receptors. Tissue disruption often prevents the natural reconstitution of the matrix. The use of appropriate implants is then required. This review is a compilation of crucial information on the structural and functional features of the extracellular matrix and the complex mechanisms of cell–cell connectivity. The possibilities of regenerating damaged tissues using an artificial matrix substitute are described, detailing the host response to the implant. An important issue is the surface properties of such an implant and the possibilities of their modification.
Collapse
|
6
|
Pan C, Gao Q, Kim BS, Han Y, Gao G. The Biofabrication of Diseased Artery In Vitro Models. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13020326. [PMID: 35208450 PMCID: PMC8874977 DOI: 10.3390/mi13020326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
As the leading causes of global death, cardiovascular diseases are generally initiated by artery-related disorders such as atherosclerosis, thrombosis, and aneurysm. Although clinical treatments have been developed to rescue patients suffering from artery-related disorders, the underlying pathologies of these arterial abnormalities are not fully understood. Biofabrication techniques pave the way to constructing diseased artery in vitro models using human vascular cells, biomaterials, and biomolecules, which are capable of recapitulating arterial pathophysiology with superior performance compared with conventional planar cell culture and experimental animal models. This review discusses the critical elements in the arterial microenvironment which are important considerations for recreating biomimetic human arteries with the desired disorders in vitro. Afterward, conventionally biofabricated platforms for the investigation of arterial diseases are summarized, along with their merits and shortcomings, followed by a comprehensive review of advanced biofabrication techniques and the progress of their applications in establishing diseased artery models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Pan
- Institute of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (C.P.); (Q.G.)
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China;
| | - Qiqi Gao
- Institute of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (C.P.); (Q.G.)
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Byoung-Soo Kim
- School of Biomedical Convergence Engineering, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626841, Korea
- Correspondence: (B.-S.K.); (G.G.)
| | - Yafeng Han
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China;
| | - Ge Gao
- Institute of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China; (C.P.); (Q.G.)
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- Correspondence: (B.-S.K.); (G.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) exists as a dynamic network of biophysical and biochemical factors that maintain tissue homeostasis. Given its sensitivity to changes in the intra- and extracellular space, the plasticity of the ECM can be pathological in driving disease through aberrant matrix remodelling. In particular, cancer uses the matrix for its proliferation, angiogenesis, cellular reprogramming and metastatic spread. An emerging field of matrix biology focuses on proteoglycans that regulate autophagy, an intracellular process that plays both critical and contextual roles in cancer. Here, we review the most prominent autophagic modulators from the matrix and the current understanding of the cellular pathways and signalling cascades that mechanistically drive their autophagic function. We then critically assess how their autophagic functions influence tumorigenesis, emphasizing the complexities and stage-dependent nature of this relationship in cancer. We highlight novel emerging data on immunoglobulin-containing and proline-rich receptor-1, heparanase and thrombospondin 1 in autophagy and cancer. Finally, we further discuss the pro- and anti-autophagic modulators originating from the ECM, as well as how these proteoglycans and other matrix constituents specifically influence cancer progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn G. Chen
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology and the Translational Cellular Oncology Program, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Renato V. Iozzo
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology and the Translational Cellular Oncology Program, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Cellular Crosstalk between Endothelial and Smooth Muscle Cells in Vascular Wall Remodeling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147284. [PMID: 34298897 PMCID: PMC8306829 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological vascular wall remodeling refers to the structural and functional changes of the vessel wall that occur in response to injury that eventually leads to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Vessel wall are composed of two major primary cells types, endothelial cells (EC) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). The physiological communications between these two cell types (EC–VSMCs) are crucial in the development of the vasculature and in the homeostasis of mature vessels. Moreover, aberrant EC–VSMCs communication has been associated to the promotor of various disease states including vascular wall remodeling. Paracrine regulations by bioactive molecules, communication via direct contact (junctions) or information transfer via extracellular vesicles or extracellular matrix are main crosstalk mechanisms. Identification of the nature of this EC–VSMCs crosstalk may offer strategies to develop new insights for prevention and treatment of disease that curse with vascular remodeling. Here, we will review the molecular mechanisms underlying the interplay between EC and VSMCs. Additionally, we highlight the potential applicable methodologies of the co-culture systems to identify cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in pathological vascular wall remodeling, opening questions about the future research directions.
Collapse
|
9
|
Neill T, Kapoor A, Xie C, Buraschi S, Iozzo RV. A functional outside-in signaling network of proteoglycans and matrix molecules regulating autophagy. Matrix Biol 2021; 100-101:118-149. [PMID: 33838253 PMCID: PMC8355044 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Proteoglycans and selected extracellular matrix constituents are emerging as intrinsic and critical regulators of evolutionarily conversed, intracellular catabolic pathways. Often, these secreted molecules evoke sustained autophagy in a variety of cell types, tissues, and model systems. The unique properties of proteoglycans have ushered in a paradigmatic shift to broaden our understanding of matrix-mediated signaling cascades. The dynamic cellular pathway controlling autophagy is now linked to an equally dynamic and fluid signaling network embedded in a complex meshwork of matrix molecules. A rapidly emerging field of research encompasses multiple matrix-derived candidates, representing a menagerie of soluble matrix constituents including decorin, biglycan, endorepellin, endostatin, collagen VI and plasminogen kringle 5. These matrix constituents are pro-autophagic and simultaneously anti-angiogenic. In contrast, perlecan, laminin α2 chain, and lumican have anti-autophagic functions. Mechanistically, each matrix constituent linked to intracellular catabolic events engages a specific cell surface receptor that often converges on a common core of the autophagic machinery including AMPK, Peg3 and Beclin 1. We consider this matrix-evoked autophagy as non-canonical given that it occurs in an allosteric manner and is independent of nutrient availability or prevailing bioenergetics control. We propose that matrix-regulated autophagy is an important outside-in signaling mechanism for proper tissue homeostasis that could be therapeutically leveraged to combat a variety of diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Neill
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, and the Translational Cellular Oncology Program, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Aastha Kapoor
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, and the Translational Cellular Oncology Program, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christopher Xie
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, and the Translational Cellular Oncology Program, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Simone Buraschi
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, and the Translational Cellular Oncology Program, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Renato V Iozzo
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, and the Translational Cellular Oncology Program, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Barinotti A, Radin M, Cecchi I, Foddai SG, Rubini E, Roccatello D, Sciascia S, Menegatti E. Genetic Factors in Antiphospholipid Syndrome: Preliminary Experience with Whole Exome Sequencing. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9551. [PMID: 33333988 PMCID: PMC7765384 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
As in many autoimmune diseases, the pathogenesis of the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is the result of a complex interplay between predisposing genes and triggering environmental factors, leading to a loss of self-tolerance and immune-mediated tissue damage. While the first genetic studies in APS focused primarily on the human leukocytes antigen system (HLA) region, more recent data highlighted the role of other genes in APS susceptibility, including those involved in the immune response and in the hemostatic process. In order to join this intriguing debate, we analyzed the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) derived from the whole exome sequencing (WES) of two siblings affected by APS and compared our findings with the available literature. We identified genes encoding proteins involved in the hemostatic process, the immune response, and the phospholipid metabolism (PLA2G6, HSPG2, BCL3, ZFAT, ATP2B2, CRTC3, and ADCY3) of potential interest when debating the pathogenesis of the syndrome. The study of the selected SNPs in a larger cohort of APS patients and the integration of WES results with the network-based approaches will help decipher the genetic risk factors involved in the diverse clinical features of APS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Barinotti
- Center of Research of Immunopathology and Rare Diseases—Coordinating Center of Piemonte and Aosta Valley Network for Rare Diseases, S. Giovanni Bosco Hospital, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10154 Turin, Italy; (A.B.); (M.R.); (I.C.); (S.G.F.); (E.R.); (D.R.); (E.M.)
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, School of Specialization of Clinical Pathology, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Massimo Radin
- Center of Research of Immunopathology and Rare Diseases—Coordinating Center of Piemonte and Aosta Valley Network for Rare Diseases, S. Giovanni Bosco Hospital, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10154 Turin, Italy; (A.B.); (M.R.); (I.C.); (S.G.F.); (E.R.); (D.R.); (E.M.)
| | - Irene Cecchi
- Center of Research of Immunopathology and Rare Diseases—Coordinating Center of Piemonte and Aosta Valley Network for Rare Diseases, S. Giovanni Bosco Hospital, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10154 Turin, Italy; (A.B.); (M.R.); (I.C.); (S.G.F.); (E.R.); (D.R.); (E.M.)
| | - Silvia Grazietta Foddai
- Center of Research of Immunopathology and Rare Diseases—Coordinating Center of Piemonte and Aosta Valley Network for Rare Diseases, S. Giovanni Bosco Hospital, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10154 Turin, Italy; (A.B.); (M.R.); (I.C.); (S.G.F.); (E.R.); (D.R.); (E.M.)
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, School of Specialization of Clinical Pathology, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Elena Rubini
- Center of Research of Immunopathology and Rare Diseases—Coordinating Center of Piemonte and Aosta Valley Network for Rare Diseases, S. Giovanni Bosco Hospital, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10154 Turin, Italy; (A.B.); (M.R.); (I.C.); (S.G.F.); (E.R.); (D.R.); (E.M.)
| | - Dario Roccatello
- Center of Research of Immunopathology and Rare Diseases—Coordinating Center of Piemonte and Aosta Valley Network for Rare Diseases, S. Giovanni Bosco Hospital, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10154 Turin, Italy; (A.B.); (M.R.); (I.C.); (S.G.F.); (E.R.); (D.R.); (E.M.)
- Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, S. Giovanni Bosco Hospital and University of Turin, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Savino Sciascia
- Center of Research of Immunopathology and Rare Diseases—Coordinating Center of Piemonte and Aosta Valley Network for Rare Diseases, S. Giovanni Bosco Hospital, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10154 Turin, Italy; (A.B.); (M.R.); (I.C.); (S.G.F.); (E.R.); (D.R.); (E.M.)
- Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, S. Giovanni Bosco Hospital and University of Turin, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Elisa Menegatti
- Center of Research of Immunopathology and Rare Diseases—Coordinating Center of Piemonte and Aosta Valley Network for Rare Diseases, S. Giovanni Bosco Hospital, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10154 Turin, Italy; (A.B.); (M.R.); (I.C.); (S.G.F.); (E.R.); (D.R.); (E.M.)
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, School of Specialization of Clinical Pathology, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Granath C, Noren H, Björck H, Simon N, Olesen K, Rodin S, Grinnemo KH, Österholm C. Characterization of Laminins in Healthy Human Aortic Valves and a Modified Decellularized Rat Scaffold. Biores Open Access 2020; 9:269-278. [PMID: 33376633 PMCID: PMC7757704 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2020.0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Aortic valve stenosis is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases in western countries and can only be treated by replacement with a prosthetic valve. Tissue engineering is an emerging and promising treatment option, but in-depth knowledge about the microstructure of native heart valves is lacking, making the development of tissue-engineered heart valves challenging. Specifically, the basement membrane (BM) of heart valves remains incompletely characterized, and decellularization protocols that preserve BM components are necessary to advance the field. This study aims to characterize laminin isoforms expressed in healthy human aortic valves and establish a small animal decellularized aortic valve scaffold for future studies of the BM in tissue engineering. Laminin isoforms were assessed by immunohistochemistry with antibodies specific for individual α, β, and γ chains. The results indicated that LN-411, LN-421, LN-511, and LN-521 are expressed in human aortic valves (n = 3), forming a continuous monolayer in the endothelial BM, whereas sparsely found in the interstitium. Similar results were seen in rat aortic valves (n = 3). Retention of laminin and other BM components, concomitantly with effective removal of cells and residual DNA, was achieved through 3 h exposure to 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate and 30 min exposure to 1% Triton X-100, followed by nuclease processing in rat aortic valves (n = 3). Our results provide crucial data on the microenvironment of valvular cells relevant for research in both tissue engineering and heart valve biology. We also describe a decellularized rat aortic valve scaffold useful for mechanistic studies on the role of the BM in heart valve regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carl Granath
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hunter Noren
- Cell Therapy Institute, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Davie, Florida, USA
| | - Hanna Björck
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nancy Simon
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kim Olesen
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Bioscience, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sergey Rodin
- Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Anesthesiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Akademiska University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karl-Henrik Grinnemo
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Anesthesiology, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Akademiska University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Österholm
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Address correspondence to: Cecilia Österholm Corbascio, PhD, Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, 171 64, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chen CG, Iozzo RV. Angiostatic cues from the matrix: Endothelial cell autophagy meets hyaluronan biology. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:16797-16812. [PMID: 33020183 PMCID: PMC7864073 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev120.014391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix encompasses a reservoir of bioactive macromolecules that modulates a cornucopia of biological functions. A prominent body of work posits matrix constituents as master regulators of autophagy and angiogenesis and provides molecular insight into how these two processes are coordinated. Here, we review current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying hyaluronan and HAS2 regulation and the role of soluble proteoglycan in affecting autophagy and angiogenesis. Specifically, we assess the role of proteoglycan-evoked autophagy in regulating angiogenesis via the HAS2-hyaluronan axis and ATG9A, a novel HAS2 binding partner. We discuss extracellular hyaluronan biology and the post-transcriptional and post-translational modifications that regulate its main synthesizer, HAS2. We highlight the emerging group of proteoglycans that utilize outside-in signaling to modulate autophagy and angiogenesis in cancer microenvironments and thoroughly review the most up-to-date understanding of endorepellin signaling in vascular endothelia, providing insight into the temporal complexities involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn G Chen
- Translational Cellular Oncology Program, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Renato V Iozzo
- Translational Cellular Oncology Program, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Spence JD, de Freitas GR, Pettigrew LC, Ay H, Liebeskind DS, Kase CS, Del Brutto OH, Hankey GJ, Venketasubramanian N. Mechanisms of Stroke in COVID-19. Cerebrovasc Dis 2020; 49:451-458. [PMID: 32690850 PMCID: PMC7445374 DOI: 10.1159/000509581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J David Spence
- Stroke Prevention & Atherosclerosis Research Centre, Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada,
| | - Gabriel R de Freitas
- Department of Neurology, Universidade Federal Fluminense and Instituto D'Or de Pesquisa e Ensino, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - L Creed Pettigrew
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky School of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Hakan Ay
- Department of Neurology and Radiology, Harvard School of Medicine and Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - David S Liebeskind
- Neurovascular Imaging Research Core and UCLA Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Carlos S Kase
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Graeme J Hankey
- Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Washington, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chen Y, Cao J, Peng W, Chen W. Neurotrophin-3 accelerates reendothelialization through inducing EPC mobilization and homing. Open Life Sci 2020; 15:241-250. [PMID: 33817212 PMCID: PMC7874535 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2020-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid endothelialization is an effective way to treat intimal hyperplasia after intravascular stent implantation. Blood vessels and nerves coordinate with each other in function, while neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) is an important class of nerve growth factors. Our study found that NT-3 promoted endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) mobilization, and the proportion of EPCs in peripheral blood was increased by 1.774 times compared with the control group. Besides, NT-3 promoted the expression of stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9), and chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4 (CXCR4) in EPCs, which increased by 59.89%, 74.46%, and 107.7%, respectively, compared with the control group. Transwell experiments showed that NT-3 enhanced the migration of EPCs by 1.31 times. Flow chamber experiments demonstrated that NT-3 captured more circulating EPCs. As shown by ELISA results, NT-3 can promote the paracrine of vascular endothelial growth factor, interleukin-8, MMP-9, and SDF-1 from EPCs. Such increased angiogenic growth factors further accelerated the closure of endothelial cell scratches. Additionally, EPC-conditioned medium in the NT-3 group significantly inhibited the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. Then animal experiments also illustrated that NT-3 prominently accelerated the endothelialization of injured carotid artery. In short, NT-3 accelerated rapid reendothelialization of injured carotid artery through promoting EPC mobilization and homing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Department of Integrated TCM & Western Medicine, Central Hospital of Yiyang city, YiyangHunan, 413200, China
| | - Jian Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Central Hospital of Yiyang city, Yiyang, Hunan, 413200, China
| | - Weixia Peng
- Department of Integrated TCM & Western Medicine, Central Hospital of Yiyang city, YiyangHunan, 413200, China
| | - Wen Chen
- The 8th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100091, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Jansson M, Billing O, Herdenberg C, Lundin C, Tolockiene E, Nazemroaya A, Sund M. Expression and Circulating Levels of Perlecan in Breast Cancer - Implications for Oestrogen Dependent Stromal Remodeling. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2020; 25:69-77. [PMID: 32124140 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-020-09447-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Localised breast cancer can be cured by surgery and adjuvant treatments, but mortality remains high as some tumours metastasize early. Perlecan is a basement membrane (BM) protein involved in tumour development and progression. Here, mRNA and protein expression of perlecan, and mRNA expression of matrix degrading enzymes were studied in normal breast and invasive breast cancer, and correlated to prognostic risk factors, in particular oestrogen status. Moreover, plasma levels of perlecan were measured in patients with breast cancer and compared with controls. mRNA data was extracted from the Cancer Genome Atlas database. Perlecan protein expression was visualized using immunofluorescence and plasma levels measured by ELISA assay. Perlecan mRNA levels were twice as high in normal breast compared with breast cancer tissue. A strong correlation was found between mRNA expression of perlecan and several matrix-degrading enzymes in oestrogen receptor positive (ER+) tumours. Perlecan protein was localized to both epithelial and vascular BMs, but absent in the stroma in normal breast. In breast cancer, the expression of perlecan in epithelial BM was fragmented or completely lost, with a marked upregulation of perlecan expression in the stroma. Significantly higher levels of perlecan were found in plasma of ER+ patients when compared with ER- patients. This study shows that perlecan expression and degradation in breast cancer may be linked to the ER status of the tumour.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Biomarkers, Tumor/blood
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/blood
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/blood
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Carcinoma, Lobular/blood
- Carcinoma, Lobular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Lobular/pathology
- Case-Control Studies
- Cohort Studies
- Extracellular Matrix Proteins/genetics
- Extracellular Matrix Proteins/metabolism
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans/blood
- Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans/genetics
- Humans
- Middle Aged
- Prognosis
- Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
- Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
- Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism
- Stromal Cells/metabolism
- Stromal Cells/pathology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malin Jansson
- Department of Surgery and Perioperative Sciences/Surgery, Umeå University, 90185, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Ola Billing
- Department of Surgery and Perioperative Sciences/Surgery, Umeå University, 90185, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Carl Herdenberg
- Department of Radiation Sciences/Oncology, Umeå University, 90185, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Christina Lundin
- Department of Surgery and Perioperative Sciences/Surgery, Umeå University, 90185, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Egle Tolockiene
- Department of Medical Biosciences/Pathology, Umeå University, 90185, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anoosheh Nazemroaya
- Department of Medical Biosciences/Pathology, Umeå University, 90185, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Malin Sund
- Department of Surgery and Perioperative Sciences/Surgery, Umeå University, 90185, Umeå, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Extracellular matrix: the gatekeeper of tumor angiogenesis. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 47:1543-1555. [PMID: 31652436 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix is a network of secreted macromolecules that provides a harmonious meshwork for the growth and homeostatic development of organisms. It conveys multiple signaling cascades affecting specific surface receptors that impact cell behavior. During cancer growth, this bioactive meshwork is remodeled and enriched in newly formed blood vessels, which provide nutrients and oxygen to the growing tumor cells. Remodeling of the tumor microenvironment leads to the formation of bioactive fragments that may have a distinct function from their parent molecules, and the balance among these factors directly influence cell viability and metastatic progression. Indeed, the matrix acts as a gatekeeper by regulating the access of cancer cells to nutrients. Here, we will critically evaluate the role of selected matrix constituents in regulating tumor angiogenesis and provide up-to-date information concerning their primary mechanisms of action.
Collapse
|
17
|
Trout AL, Rutkai I, Biose IJ, Bix GJ. Review of Alterations in Perlecan-Associated Vascular Risk Factors in Dementia. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E679. [PMID: 31968632 PMCID: PMC7013765 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Perlecan is a heparan sulfate proteoglycan protein in the extracellular matrix that structurally and biochemically supports the cerebrovasculature by dynamically responding to changes in cerebral blood flow. These changes in perlecan expression seem to be contradictory, ranging from neuroprotective and angiogenic to thrombotic and linked to lipid retention. This review investigates perlecan's influence on risk factors such as diabetes, hypertension, and amyloid that effect Vascular contributions to Cognitive Impairment and Dementia (VCID). VCID, a comorbidity with diverse etiology in sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD), is thought to be a major factor that drives the overall clinical burden of dementia. Accordingly, changes in perlecan expression and distribution in response to VCID appears to be injury, risk factor, location, sex, age, and perlecan domain dependent. While great effort has been made to understand the role of perlecan in VCID, additional studies are needed to increase our understanding of perlecan's role in health and in cerebrovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L. Trout
- Department of Neurology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA;
| | - Ibolya Rutkai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (I.R.); (I.J.B.)
- Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - Ifechukwude J. Biose
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (I.R.); (I.J.B.)
| | - Gregory J. Bix
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (I.R.); (I.J.B.)
- Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Allahverdian S, Ortega C, Francis GA. Smooth Muscle Cell-Proteoglycan-Lipoprotein Interactions as Drivers of Atherosclerosis. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2020; 270:335-358. [PMID: 33340050 DOI: 10.1007/164_2020_364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In humans, smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are the main cell type in the artery medial layer, in pre-atherosclerotic diffuse thickening of the intima, and in all stages of atherosclerotic lesion development. SMCs secrete the proteoglycans responsible for the initial binding and retention of atherogenic lipoproteins in the artery intima, with this retention driving foam cell formation and subsequent stages of atherosclerosis. In this chapter we review current knowledge of the extracellular matrix generated by SMCs in medial and intimal arterial layers, their relationship to atherosclerotic lesion development and stabilization, how these findings correlate with mouse models of atherosclerosis, and potential therapies aimed at targeting the SMC matrix-lipoprotein interaction for atherosclerosis prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sima Allahverdian
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, Providence Healthcare Research Institute, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Carleena Ortega
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, Providence Healthcare Research Institute, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Gordon A Francis
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, Providence Healthcare Research Institute, St. Paul's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Vögtle T, Sharma S, Mori J, Nagy Z, Semeniak D, Scandola C, Geer MJ, Smith CW, Lane J, Pollack S, Lassila R, Jouppila A, Barr AJ, Ogg DJ, Howard TD, McMiken HJ, Warwicker J, Geh C, Rowlinson R, Abbott WM, Eckly A, Schulze H, Wright GJ, Mazharian A, Fütterer K, Rajesh S, Douglas MR, Senis YA. Heparan sulfates are critical regulators of the inhibitory megakaryocyte-platelet receptor G6b-B. eLife 2019; 8:e46840. [PMID: 31436532 PMCID: PMC6742478 DOI: 10.7554/elife.46840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif (ITIM)-containing receptor G6b-B is critical for platelet production and activation. Loss of G6b-B results in severe macrothrombocytopenia, myelofibrosis and aberrant platelet function in mice and humans. Using a combination of immunohistochemistry, affinity chromatography and proteomics, we identified the extracellular matrix heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycan perlecan as a G6b-B binding partner. Subsequent in vitro biochemical studies and a cell-based genetic screen demonstrated that the interaction is specifically mediated by the HS chains of perlecan. Biophysical analysis revealed that heparin forms a high-affinity complex with G6b-B and mediates dimerization. Using platelets from humans and genetically modified mice, we demonstrate that binding of G6b-B to HS and multivalent heparin inhibits platelet and megakaryocyte function by inducing downstream signaling via the tyrosine phosphatases Shp1 and Shp2. Our findings provide novel insights into how G6b-B is regulated and contribute to our understanding of the interaction of megakaryocytes and platelets with glycans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timo Vögtle
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Sumana Sharma
- Cell Surface Signalling LaboratoryWellcome Trust Sanger InstituteCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Jun Mori
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Zoltan Nagy
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Daniela Semeniak
- Institute of Experimental BiomedicineUniversity Hospital WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Cyril Scandola
- Université de Strasbourg, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Etablissement Français du Sang Grand Est, Unité Mixte de Recherche-S 1255, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance
| | - Mitchell J Geer
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Christopher W Smith
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Jordan Lane
- Sygnature Discovery LimitedNottinghamUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Riitta Lassila
- Coagulation Disorders Unit, Department of Hematology, Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of Helsinki, Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
- Aplagon OyHelsinkiFinland
| | - Annukka Jouppila
- Coagulation Disorders UnitHelsinki University Hospital Research InstituteHelsinkiFinland
| | - Alastair J Barr
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Science & TechnologyUniversity of WestminsterLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Derek J Ogg
- Peak Proteins LimitedAlderley ParkCheshireUnited Kingdom
| | - Tina D Howard
- Peak Proteins LimitedAlderley ParkCheshireUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Juli Warwicker
- Peak Proteins LimitedAlderley ParkCheshireUnited Kingdom
| | - Catherine Geh
- Peak Proteins LimitedAlderley ParkCheshireUnited Kingdom
| | | | - W Mark Abbott
- Peak Proteins LimitedAlderley ParkCheshireUnited Kingdom
| | - Anita Eckly
- Université de Strasbourg, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Etablissement Français du Sang Grand Est, Unité Mixte de Recherche-S 1255, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance
| | - Harald Schulze
- Institute of Experimental BiomedicineUniversity Hospital WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Gavin J Wright
- Cell Surface Signalling LaboratoryWellcome Trust Sanger InstituteCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Alexandra Mazharian
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Klaus Fütterer
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Sundaresan Rajesh
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Michael R Douglas
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUnited Kingdom
- Department of NeurologyDudley Group NHS Foundation TrustDudleyUnited Kingdom
- School of Life and Health SciencesAston UniversityBirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Yotis A Senis
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUnited Kingdom
- Université de Strasbourg, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Etablissement Français du Sang Grand Est, Unité Mixte de Recherche-S 1255, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Erban T, Sopko B, Kadlikova K, Talacko P, Harant K. Varroa destructor parasitism has a greater effect on proteome changes than the deformed wing virus and activates TGF-β signaling pathways. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9400. [PMID: 31253851 PMCID: PMC6599063 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45764-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Honeybee workers undergo metamorphosis in capped cells for approximately 13 days before adult emergence. During the same period, Varroa mites prick the defenseless host many times. We sought to identify proteome differences between emerging Varroa-parasitized and parasite-free honeybees showing the presence or absence of clinical signs of deformed wing virus (DWV) in the capped cells. A label-free proteomic analysis utilizing nanoLC coupled with an Orbitrap Fusion Tribrid mass spectrometer provided a quantitative comparison of 2316 protein hits. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that the combination of Varroa parasitism and DWV clinical signs caused proteome changes that occurred in the same direction as those of Varroa alone and were approximately two-fold higher. Furthermore, proteome changes associated with DWV signs alone were positioned above Varroa in the RDA. Multiple markers indicate that Varroa activates TGF-β-induced pathways to suppress wound healing and the immune response and that the collective action of stressors intensifies these effects. Furthermore, we indicate JAK/STAT hyperactivation, p53-BCL-6 feedback loop disruption, Wnt pathway activation, Wnt/Hippo crosstalk disruption, and NF-κB and JAK/STAT signaling conflict in the Varroa–honeybee–DWV interaction. These results illustrate the higher effect of Varroa than of DWV at the time of emergence. Markers for future research are provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Erban
- Crop Research Institute, Drnovska 507/73, Prague 6-Ruzyne, CZ-161 06, Czechia.
| | - Bruno Sopko
- Crop Research Institute, Drnovska 507/73, Prague 6-Ruzyne, CZ-161 06, Czechia
| | - Klara Kadlikova
- Crop Research Institute, Drnovska 507/73, Prague 6-Ruzyne, CZ-161 06, Czechia.,Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague 6-Suchdol, CZ-165 00, Czechia
| | - Pavel Talacko
- Proteomics Core Facility, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Prumyslova 595, Vestec, CZ-25242, Czechia
| | - Karel Harant
- Proteomics Core Facility, Faculty of Science, Charles University, BIOCEV, Prumyslova 595, Vestec, CZ-25242, Czechia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
A growing body of research demonstrates modulation of autophagy by a variety of matrix constituents, including decorin, endorepellin, and endostatin. These matrix proteins are both pro-autophagic and anti-angiogenic. Here, we detail a series of methods to monitor matrix-induced autophagy and its concurrent effects on angiogenesis. We first discuss cloning and purifying proteoglycan fragment and core proteins in the laboratory and review relevant techniques spanning from cell culture to treatment with these purified proteoglycans in vitro and ex vivo. Further, we cover protocols in monitoring autophagic progression via morphological and microscopic characterization, biochemical western blot analysis, and signaling pathway investigation. Downstream angiogenic effects using in vivo approaches are then discussed using wild-type mice and the GFP-LC3 transgenic mouse model. Finally, we explore matrix-induced mitophagy via monitoring changes in mitochondrial DNA and permeability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Chen
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Aastha Kapoor
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Renato V Iozzo
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wight TN. A role for proteoglycans in vascular disease. Matrix Biol 2018; 71-72:396-420. [PMID: 29499356 PMCID: PMC6110991 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The content of proteoglycans (PGs) is low in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of vascular tissue, but increases dramatically in all phases of vascular disease. Early studies demonstrated that glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) including chondroitin sulfate (CS), dermatan sulfate (DS), keratan sulfate (KS) and heparan sulfate (HS) accumulate in vascular lesions in both humans and in animal models in areas of the vasculature that are susceptible to disease initiation (such as at branch points) and are frequently coincident with lipid deposits. Later studies showed the GAGs were covalently attached to specific types of core proteins that accumulate in vascular lesions. These molecules include versican (CSPG), biglycan and decorin (DS/CSPGs), lumican and fibromodulin (KSPGs) and perlecan (HSPG), although other types of PGs are present, but in lesser quantities. While the overall molecular design of these macromolecules is similar, there is tremendous structural diversity among the different PG families creating multiple forms that have selective roles in critical events that form the basis of vascular disease. PGs interact with a variety of different molecules involved in disease pathogenesis. For example, PGs bind and trap serum components that accumulate in vascular lesions such as lipoproteins, amyloid, calcium, and clotting factors. PGs interact with other ECM components and regulate, in part, ECM assembly and turnover. PGs interact with cells within the lesion and alter the phenotypes of both resident cells and cells that invade the lesion from the circulation. A number of therapeutic strategies have been developed to target specific PGs involved in key pathways that promote vascular disease. This review will provide a historical perspective of this field of research and then highlight some of the evidence that defines the involvement of PGs and their roles in the pathogenesis of vascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas N Wight
- Matrix Biology Program, Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA 98101, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Karamanos NK, Piperigkou Z, Theocharis AD, Watanabe H, Franchi M, Baud S, Brézillon S, Götte M, Passi A, Vigetti D, Ricard-Blum S, Sanderson RD, Neill T, Iozzo RV. Proteoglycan Chemical Diversity Drives Multifunctional Cell Regulation and Therapeutics. Chem Rev 2018; 118:9152-9232. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikos K. Karamanos
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras 26110, Greece
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH)/Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Patras 26110, Greece
| | - Zoi Piperigkou
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras 26110, Greece
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH)/Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Patras 26110, Greece
| | - Achilleas D. Theocharis
- Biochemistry, Biochemical Analysis & Matrix Pathobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, Patras 26110, Greece
| | - Hideto Watanabe
- Institute for Molecular Science of Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Marco Franchi
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Rimini 47100, Italy
| | - Stéphanie Baud
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Laboratoire SiRMa, CNRS UMR MEDyC 7369, Faculté de Médecine, 51 rue Cognacq Jay, Reims 51100, France
| | - Stéphane Brézillon
- Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Laboratoire de Biochimie Médicale et Biologie Moléculaire, CNRS UMR MEDyC 7369, Faculté de Médecine, 51 rue Cognacq Jay, Reims 51100, France
| | - Martin Götte
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Alberto Passi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese 21100, Italy
| | - Davide Vigetti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese 21100, Italy
| | - Sylvie Ricard-Blum
- University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5246, Institute of Molecular and Supramolecular Chemistry and Biochemistry, Villeurbanne 69622, France
| | - Ralph D. Sanderson
- Department of Pathology, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, United States
| | - Thomas Neill
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 10107, United States
| | - Renato V. Iozzo
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 10107, United States
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Radke D, Jia W, Sharma D, Fena K, Wang G, Goldman J, Zhao F. Tissue Engineering at the Blood-Contacting Surface: A Review of Challenges and Strategies in Vascular Graft Development. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1701461. [PMID: 29732735 PMCID: PMC6105365 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201701461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs) are beginning to achieve clinical success and hold promise as a source of grafting material when donor grafts are unsuitable or unavailable. Significant technological advances have generated small-diameter TEVGs that are mechanically stable and promote functional remodeling by regenerating host cells. However, developing a biocompatible blood-contacting surface remains a major challenge. The TEVG luminal surface must avoid negative inflammatory responses and thrombogenesis immediately upon implantation and promote endothelialization. The surface has therefore become a primary focus for research and development efforts. The current state of TEVGs is herein reviewed with an emphasis on the blood-contacting surface. General vascular physiology and developmental challenges and strategies are briefly described, followed by an overview of the materials currently employed in TEVGs. The use of biodegradable materials and stem cells requires careful control of graft composition, degradation behavior, and cell recruitment ability to ensure that a physiologically relevant vessel structure is ultimately achieved. The establishment of a stable monolayer of endothelial cells and the quiescence of smooth muscle cells are critical to the maintenance of patency. Several strategies to modify blood-contacting surfaces to resist thrombosis and control cellular recruitment are reviewed, including coatings of biomimetic peptides and heparin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Radke
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, U.S
| | - Wenkai Jia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, U.S
| | - Dhavan Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, U.S
| | - Kemin Fena
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, U.S
| | - Guifang Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, U.S
| | - Jeremy Goldman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, U.S
| | - Feng Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, U.S
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wei Z, Zuo F, Wang W, Wang L, Tong D, Zeng Y, Wang P, Meng X, Zhang Y. Protective Effects of Total Flavones of Elaeagnus rhamnoides (L.) A. Nelson against Vascular Endothelial Injury in Blood Stasis Model Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2017; 2017:8142562. [PMID: 29234431 PMCID: PMC5684578 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8142562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to evaluate the protective effects of total flavones of Elaeagnus rhamnoides (L.) A. Nelson (TFE) against vascular endothelial injury in blood stasis model rats and explore the potential mechanisms preliminarily. The model of blood stasis rat model with vascular endothelial injury was induced by subcutaneous injection of adrenaline combined with ice-water bath. Whole blood viscosity (WBV), histological examination, and prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), and fibrinogen (FIB) were measured. Meanwhile, the levels of Thromboxane B2 (TXB2), 6-keto-PGF1α , von Willebrand factor (vWF), and thrombomodulin (TM) were detected. In addition, Quantitative Real-Time PCR (qPCR) was performed to identify PI3K, Erk2, Bcl-2, and caspase-3 gene expression. The results showed that TFE can relieve WBV, increase PT and APTT, and decrease FIB content obviously. Moreover, TFE might significantly downregulate the levels of TXB2, vWF, and TM in plasma and upregulate the level of 6-keto-PGF1α in plasma. Expressions of PI3K and Bcl-2 were increased and the expression of caspase-3 was decreased by TFE pretreatment in the rat model. Consequently, the study suggested that TFE may have the potential against vascular endothelial injury in blood stasis model rats induced by a high dose of adrenaline with ice-water bath.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Fang Zuo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Wenqian Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Dong Tong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yong Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xianli Meng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abraham E, Gadish O, Franses JW, Chitalia VC, Artzi N, Edelman ER. Matrix-Embedded Endothelial Cells Attain a Progenitor-Like Phenotype. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 1. [PMID: 29862313 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201700057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Culture of endothelial cells (ECs) embedded in 3D scaffolds of denatured collagen has shown tremendous therapeutic potential in clinical trials of tissue repair. It is postulated that these matrix-embedded ECs (MEECs) attain a differential phenotype similar to early progenitor forms, which cannot be attained in 2D culture. MEECs are compared to 2D-ECs and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) by secretome, phenotype, and genetic fingerprint, and are found to be altered from 2D-ECs on all levels, adopting an EPC-like phenotype. This manifests in elevation of CD34 expression-a progenitor cell marker-and protein secretion and gene expression pro-files that are similar to EPCs. Even more striking is that EPCs in 2D lose their phenotype, evident by the loss of CD34 expression, but are able to regain expression over time when embedded in the same 3D matrices, suggesting that future in vitro EPC work should use ME-EPCs to recapitulate in vivo phenotype. These findings elucidate the relationship between EPCs and the substratum-dependent regulation imparted by ECs which is critical to understand in order to optimize MEEC therapy and propel it into the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eytan Abraham
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, E25-438, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Cardiovascular Division, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Or Gadish
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, E25-438, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Joseph W Franses
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, E25-438, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Vipul C Chitalia
- Renal Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Natalie Artzi
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, E25-438, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Department of Medicine, Division of Engineering in Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Elazer R Edelman
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, E25-438, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Cardiovascular Division, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Gubbiotti MA, Neill T, Iozzo RV. A current view of perlecan in physiology and pathology: A mosaic of functions. Matrix Biol 2016; 57-58:285-298. [PMID: 27613501 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Perlecan, a large basement membrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan, is expressed in a wide array of tissues where it regulates diverse cellular processes including bone formation, inflammation, cardiac development, and angiogenesis. Here we provide a contemporary review germane to the biology of perlecan encompassing its genetic regulation as well as an analysis of its modular protein structure as it pertains to function. As perlecan signaling from the extracellular matrix converges on master regulators of autophagy, including AMPK and mTOR, via a specific interaction with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2, we specifically focus on the mechanism of action of perlecan in autophagy and angiogenesis and contrast the role of endorepellin, the C-terminal fragment of perlecan, in these cellular and morphogenic events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Gubbiotti
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Thomas Neill
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Renato V Iozzo
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Canović EP, Zollinger AJ, Tam SN, Smith ML, Stamenović D. Tensional homeostasis in endothelial cells is a multicellular phenomenon. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2016; 311:C528-35. [PMID: 27488661 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00037.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian cells of various types exhibit the remarkable ability to adapt to externally applied mechanical stresses and strains. Because of this adaptation, cells can maintain their endogenous mechanical tension at a preferred (homeostatic) level, which is essential for normal physiological functions of cells and tissues and provides protection against various diseases, including atherosclerosis and cancer. Conventional wisdom is that the cell possesses the ability to maintain tensional homeostasis on its own. Recent findings showed, however, that isolated cells cannot maintain tensional homeostasis. Here we studied the effect of multicellular interactions on tensional homeostasis by measuring traction forces in isolated bovine aortic endothelial cells and in confluent and nonconfluent cell clusters of different sizes. We found that, in isolated cells, the traction field exhibited a highly dynamic and erratic behavior. However, in cell clusters, dynamic fluctuations of the traction field became attenuated with increasing cluster size, at a rate that was faster in nonconfluent than confluent clusters. The driving mechanism of attenuation of traction field fluctuations was statistical averaging of the noise, and the impeding mechanism was nonuniform stress distribution in the clusters, which resulted from intercellular force transmission, known as a "global tug-of-war." These results show that isolated cells could not maintain tensional homeostasis, which confirms previous findings, and that tensional homeostasis is a multicellular phenomenon, which is a novel finding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth P Canović
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Alicia J Zollinger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Sze Nok Tam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Michael L Smith
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Dimitrije Stamenović
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts; and Division of Material Science and Engineering, Boston University, Brookline, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Goyal A, Gubbiotti MA, Chery DR, Han L, Iozzo RV. Endorepellin-evoked Autophagy Contributes to Angiostasis. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:19245-56. [PMID: 27435676 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.740266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Endorepellin, the C-terminal domain of perlecan, is an angiostatic molecule that acts as a potent inducer of autophagy via its interaction with VEGFR2. In this study, we examined the effect of endorepellin on endothelial cells using atomic force microscopy. Soluble endorepellin caused morphological and biophysical changes such as an increase in cell surface roughness and cell height. Surprisingly, these changes were not accompanied by alterations in the endothelial cell elastic modulus. We discovered that endorepellin-induced autophagic flux led to co-localization of mammalian target of rapamycin with LC3-positive autophagosomes. Endorepellin functioned upstream of AMP-activated kinase α, as compound C, an inhibitor of AMP-activated kinase α, abrogated endorepellin-mediated activation and co-localization of Beclin 1 and LC3, thereby reducing autophagic progression. Functionally, we discovered that both endorepellin and Torin 1, a canonical autophagic inducer, blunted ex vivo angiogenesis. We conclude that autophagy is a novel mechanism by which endorepellin promotes angiostasis independent of nutrient deprivation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atul Goyal
- From the Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107 and
| | - Maria A Gubbiotti
- From the Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107 and
| | - Daphney R Chery
- the School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Lin Han
- the School of Biomedical Engineering, Science, and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Renato V Iozzo
- From the Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107 and
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Poluzzi C, Iozzo RV, Schaefer L. Endostatin and endorepellin: A common route of action for similar angiostatic cancer avengers. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 97:156-73. [PMID: 26518982 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Traditional cancer therapy typically targets the tumor proper. However, newly-formed vasculature exerts a major role in cancer development and progression. Autophagy, as a biological mechanism for clearing damaged proteins and oxidative stress products released in the tumor milieu, could help in tumor resolution by rescuing cells undergoing modifications or inducing autophagic-cell death of tumor blood vessels. Cleaved fragments of extracellular matrix proteoglycans are emerging as key players in the modulation of angiogenesis and endothelial cell autophagy. An essential characteristic of cancer progression is the remodeling of the basement membrane and the release of processed forms of its constituents. Endostatin, generated from collagen XVIII, and endorepellin, the C-terminal segment of the large proteoglycan perlecan, possess a dual activity as modifiers of both angiogenesis and endothelial cell autophagy. Manipulation of these endogenously-processed forms, located in the basement membrane within tumors, could represent new therapeutic approaches for cancer eradication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Poluzzi
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Renato V Iozzo
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Liliana Schaefer
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Unterman S, Freiman A, Beckerman M, Abraham E, Stanley JR, Levy E, Artzi N, Edelman E. Tuning of collagen scaffold properties modulates embedded endothelial cell regulatory phenotype in repair of vascular injuries in vivo. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:2220-8. [PMID: 26333178 PMCID: PMC4664078 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Perivascularly implanted matrix embedded endothelial cells (MEECs) are potent regulators of inflammation and intimal hyperplasia following vascular injuries. Endothelial cells (ECs) in collagen scaffolds adopt a reparative phenotype with significant therapeutic potential. Although the biology of MEECs is increasingly understood, tuning of scaffold properties to control cell-substrate interactions is less well-studied. It is hypothesized that modulating scaffold degradation would change EC phenotype. Scaffolds with differential degradation are prepared by cross-linking and predegradation. Vascular injury increases degradation and the presence of MEECs retards injury-mediated degradation. MEECs respond to differential scaffold properties with altered viability in vivo, suppressed smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation in vitro, and altered interleukin-6 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression. When implanted perivascularly to a murine carotid wire injury, tuned scaffolds change MEEC effects on vascular repair and inflammation. Live animal imaging enables real-time tracking of cell viability, inflammation, and scaffold degradation, affording an unprecedented understanding of interactions between cells, substrate, and tissue. MEEC-treated injuries improve endothelialization and reduce SMC hyperplasia over 14 d. These data demonstrate the potent role material design plays in tuning MEEC efficacy in vivo, with implications for the design of clinical therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shimon Unterman
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Alina Freiman
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Ort Braude College, Karmiel, Israel
| | - Margarita Beckerman
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Ort Braude College, Karmiel, Israel
| | - Eytan Abraham
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - James R.L. Stanley
- CBSET, Inc., Concord Biomedical Sciences and Emerging Technologies, Lexington, MA 02421, USA
| | - Ela Levy
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Ort Braude College, Karmiel, Israel
| | - Natalie Artzi
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Elazer Edelman
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Neill T, Schaefer L, Iozzo RV. Decoding the Matrix: Instructive Roles of Proteoglycan Receptors. Biochemistry 2015; 54:4583-98. [PMID: 26177309 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix is a dynamic repository harboring instructive cues that embody substantial regulatory dominance over many evolutionarily conserved intracellular activities, including proliferation, apoptosis, migration, motility, and autophagy. The matrix also coordinates and parses hierarchical information, such as angiogenesis, tumorigenesis, and immunological responses, typically providing the critical determinants driving each outcome. We provide the first comprehensive review focused on proteoglycan receptors, that is, signaling transmembrane proteins that use secreted proteoglycans as ligands, in addition to their natural ligands. The majority of these receptors belong to an exclusive subset of receptor tyrosine kinases and assorted cell surface receptors that specifically bind, transduce, and modulate fundamental cellular processes following interactions with proteoglycans. The class of small leucine-rich proteoglycans is the most studied so far and constitutes the best understood example of proteoglycan-receptor interactions. Decorin and biglycan evoke autophagy and immunological responses that deter, suppress, or exacerbate pathological conditions such as tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, and chronic inflammatory disease. Basement membrane-associated heparan sulfate proteoglycans (perlecan, agrin, and collagen XVIII) represent a unique cohort and provide proteolytically cleaved bioactive fragments for modulating cellular behavior. The receptors that bind the genuinely multifactorial and multivalent proteoglycans represent a nexus in understanding basic biological pathways and open new avenues for therapeutic and pharmacological intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Neill
- †Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology and Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, United States
| | - Liliana Schaefer
- ‡Department of Pharmacology, Goethe University, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Renato V Iozzo
- †Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology and Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, United States
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Scott RA, Ramaswamy AK, Park K, Panitch A. Decorin mimic promotes endothelial cell health in endothelial monolayers and endothelial-smooth muscle co-cultures. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2015; 11:1365-1376. [PMID: 26033955 DOI: 10.1002/term.2035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-specific cytotoxins, including paclitaxel and sirolimus analogues, currently utilized as anti-restenotic therapeutics, affect not only smooth muscle cells (SMCs) but also neighbouring vascular endothelial cells (ECs). These drugs inhibit the formation of an intact endothelium following vessel injury, thus emphasizing the critical need for new candidate therapeutics. Utilizing our in vitro models, including EC monolayers and both hyperplastic and quiescent EC-SMC co-cultures, we investigated the ability of DS-SILY20 , a decorin mimic, to promote EC health. DS-SILY20 increased EC proliferation and migration by 1.5- and 2-fold, respectively, which corresponded to increased phosphorylation of ERK-1/2. Interestingly, IL-6 secretion and the production of both E-selectin and P-selectin were reduced in the presence of 10 μm DS-SILY20 , even in the presence of the potent pro-inflammatory cytokine platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). In hyperplastic and quiescent EC-SMC co-cultures, DS-SILY20 treatment reduced the secretion of IFNγ, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNFα, corresponding to a 23% decrease in p38 phosphorylation. E-selectin and P-selectin expression was further reduced following DS-SILY20 treatment in both co-culture models. These results indicate that DS-SILY20 promotes EC health and that this decorin mimic could serve as a potential therapeutic to promote vessel healing following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Scott
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Aneesh K Ramaswamy
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Kinam Park
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,School of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Alyssa Panitch
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Lin HK, Madihally SV, Palmer B, Frimberger D, Fung KM, Kropp BP. Biomatrices for bladder reconstruction. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 82-83:47-63. [PMID: 25477305 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
There is a demand for tissue engineering of the bladder needed by patients who experience a neurogenic bladder or idiopathic detrusor overactivity. To avoid complications from augmentation cystoplasty, the field of tissue engineering seeks optimal scaffolds for bladder reconstruction. Naturally derived biomaterials as well as synthetic and natural polymers have been explored as bladder substitutes. To improve regenerative properties, these biomaterials have been conjugated with functional molecules, combined with nanotechology, or seeded with exogenous cells. Although most studies reported complete and functional bladder regeneration in small-animal models, results from large-animal models and human clinical trials varied. For functional bladder regeneration, procedures for biomaterial fabrication, incorporation of biologically active agents, introduction of nanotechnology, and application of stem-cell technology need to be standardized. Advanced molecular and medical technologies such as next generation sequencing and magnetic resonance imaging can be introduced for mechanistic understanding and non-invasive monitoring of regeneration processes, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsueh-Kung Lin
- Department of Urology, The Children's Hospital of Oklahoma, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Sundar V Madihally
- Department of Chemical Engineering, 423 Engineering North, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Blake Palmer
- Department of Urology, The Children's Hospital of Oklahoma, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Dominic Frimberger
- Department of Urology, The Children's Hospital of Oklahoma, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Kar-Ming Fung
- Department of Urology, The Children's Hospital of Oklahoma, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Bradley P Kropp
- Department of Urology, The Children's Hospital of Oklahoma, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Iozzo RV, Schaefer L. Proteoglycan form and function: A comprehensive nomenclature of proteoglycans. Matrix Biol 2015; 42:11-55. [PMID: 25701227 PMCID: PMC4859157 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 789] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We provide a comprehensive classification of the proteoglycan gene families and respective protein cores. This updated nomenclature is based on three criteria: Cellular and subcellular location, overall gene/protein homology, and the utilization of specific protein modules within their respective protein cores. These three signatures were utilized to design four major classes of proteoglycans with distinct forms and functions: the intracellular, cell-surface, pericellular and extracellular proteoglycans. The proposed nomenclature encompasses forty-three distinct proteoglycan-encoding genes and many alternatively-spliced variants. The biological functions of these four proteoglycan families are critically assessed in development, cancer and angiogenesis, and in various acquired and genetic diseases where their expression is aberrant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renato V Iozzo
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Kimmel Cancer Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
| | - Liliana Schaefer
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Douglass S, Goyal A, Iozzo RV. The role of perlecan and endorepellin in the control of tumor angiogenesis and endothelial cell autophagy. Connect Tissue Res 2015; 56:381-91. [PMID: 26181327 PMCID: PMC4769797 DOI: 10.3109/03008207.2015.1045297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
During tumor growth and angiogenesis there is a dynamic remodeling of tissue architecture often accompanied by the release of extracellular matrix constituents full of biological activity. One of the key constituents of the tumor microenvironment is the large heparan sulfate proteoglycan perlecan. This proteoglycan, strategically located at cell surfaces and within basement membranes, is a well-defined pro-angiogenic molecule when intact. However, when partially processed by proteases released during cancer remodeling and invasion, the C-terminal fragment of perlecan, known as endorepellin, has opposite effects than its parent molecule. Endorepellin is a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis by exerting a dual receptor antagonism by simultaneously engaging VEGFR2 and α2β1 integrin. Signaling through the α2β1 integrin leads to actin disassembly and block of endothelial cell migration, necessary for capillary morphogenesis. Signaling through the VEGFR2 induces dephosphorylation of the receptor via activation of SHP-1 and suppression of downstream proangiogenic effectors, especially attenuating VEGFA expression. A novel and emerging role of endorepellin is its ability to evoke autophagy by activating Peg3 and various canonical autophagic markers. This effect is specific for endothelial cells as these are the primary cells expressing both VEGFR2 and α2β1 integrin. Thus, an endogenous fragment of a ubiquitous proteoglycan can regulate both angiogenesis and autophagy through a dual receptor antagonism. The biological properties of this natural endogenous protein place endorepellin as a potential therapeutic agent against cancer or diseases where angiogenesis is prominent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Douglass
- a Department of Pathology , Anatomy and Cell Biology and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signalling Program, Kimmel Cancer Centre, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Atul Goyal
- a Department of Pathology , Anatomy and Cell Biology and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signalling Program, Kimmel Cancer Centre, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Renato V Iozzo
- a Department of Pathology , Anatomy and Cell Biology and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signalling Program, Kimmel Cancer Centre, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Reprint of “Potential roles of vessel wall heparan sulfate proteoglycans in atherosclerosis”. Vascul Pharmacol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
38
|
Scott R, Panitch A. Macromolecular approaches to prevent thrombosis and intimal hyperplasia following percutaneous coronary intervention. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:2825-32. [PMID: 24964369 PMCID: PMC4130236 DOI: 10.1021/bm5007757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains one of the largest contributors to death worldwide. Improvements in cardiovascular technology leading to the current generation of drug-eluting stents, bioresorbable stents, and drug-eluting balloons, coupled with advances in antirestenotic therapeutics developed by pharmaceutical community, have had a profound impact on quality of life and longevity. However, these procedures and devices contribute to both short- and long-term complications. Thus, room for improvement and development of new, alternative strategies exists. Two major approaches have been investigated to improve outcomes following percutaneous coronary intervention including perivascular delivery and luminal paving. For both approaches, polymers play a major role as controlled research vehicles, carriers for cells, and antithrombotic coatings. With improvements in catheter delivery devices and increases in our understanding of the biology of healthy and diseased vessels, the time is ripe for development of novel macromolecular coatings that can protect the vessel lumen following balloon angioplasty and promote healthy vascular healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca
A. Scott
- Weldon
School of Biomedical
Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Alyssa Panitch
- Weldon
School of Biomedical
Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Poluzzi C, Casulli J, Goyal A, Mercer TJ, Neill T, Iozzo RV. Endorepellin evokes autophagy in endothelial cells. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:16114-28. [PMID: 24737315 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.556530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Endorepellin, the C-terminal fragment of the heparan sulfate proteoglycan perlecan, possesses angiostatic activity via dual receptor antagonism, through concurrent binding to the α2β1 integrin and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2). Here, we discovered that soluble endorepellin induced autophagy in endothelial cells by modulating the expression of Beclin 1, LC3, and p62, three established autophagic markers. Moreover, endorepellin evoked expression of the imprinted tumor suppressor gene Peg3 and its co-localization with Beclin 1 and LC3 in autophagosomes, suggesting a major role for this gene in endothelial cell autophagy. Mechanistically, endorepellin induced autophagy by down-regulating VEGFR2 via the two LG1/2 domains, whereas the C-terminal LG3 domain, the portion responsible for binding the α2β1 integrin, was ineffective. Endorepellin also induced transcriptional activity of the BECN1 promoter in endothelial cells, and the VEGFR2-specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor, SU5416, blocked this effect. Finally, we found a correlation between endorepellin-evoked inhibition of capillary morphogenesis and enhanced autophagy. Thus, we have identified a new role for this endogenous angiostatic fragment in inducing autophagy through a VEGFR2-dependent but α2β1 integrin-independent pathway. This novel mechanism specifically targets endothelial cells and could represent a promising new strategy to potentiate the angiostatic effect of endorepellin and perhaps other angiostatic matrix proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Poluzzi
- From the Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
| | - Joshua Casulli
- From the Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
| | - Atul Goyal
- From the Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
| | - Thomas J Mercer
- From the Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
| | - Thomas Neill
- From the Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
| | - Renato V Iozzo
- From the Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Lord MS, Chuang CY, Melrose J, Davies MJ, Iozzo RV, Whitelock JM. The role of vascular-derived perlecan in modulating cell adhesion, proliferation and growth factor signaling. Matrix Biol 2014; 35:112-22. [PMID: 24509440 PMCID: PMC5030467 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2014.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Smooth muscle cell proliferation can be inhibited by heparan sulfate proteoglycans whereas the removal or digestion of heparan sulfate from perlecan promotes their proliferation. In this study we characterized the glycosaminoglycan side chains of perlecan isolated from either primary human coronary artery smooth muscle or endothelial cells and determined their roles in mediating cell adhesion and proliferation, and in fibroblast growth factor (FGF) binding and signaling. Smooth muscle cell perlecan was decorated with both heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate, whereas endothelial perlecan contained exclusively heparan sulfate chains. Smooth muscle cells bound to the protein core of perlecan only when the glycosaminoglycans were removed, and this binding involved a novel site in domain III as well as domain V/endorepellin and the α2β1 integrin. In contrast, endothelial cells adhered to the protein core of perlecan in the presence of glycosaminoglycans. Smooth muscle cell perlecan bound both FGF1 and FGF2 via its heparan sulfate chains and promoted the signaling of FGF2 but not FGF1. Also endothelial cell perlecan bound both FGF1 and FGF2 via its heparan sulfate chains, but in contrast, promoted the signaling of both growth factors. Based on this differential bioactivity, we propose that perlecan synthesized by smooth muscle cells differs from that synthesized by endothelial cells by possessing different signaling capabilities, primarily, but not exclusively, due to a differential glycanation. The end result is a differential modulation of cell adhesion, proliferation and growth factor signaling in these two key cellular constituents of blood vessels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan S Lord
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Christine Y Chuang
- Heart Research Institute, Newtown, Sydney, NSW 2042 Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - James Melrose
- Raymond Purves Research Laboratories, Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Michael J Davies
- Heart Research Institute, Newtown, Sydney, NSW 2042 Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Renato V Iozzo
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - John M Whitelock
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Sevestre MA, Larghero J, Castier Y, Nugent HM, Visonneau S, Alsac JM. Pilot safety study of perivascular injection of tissue-engineered allogeneic aortic endothelial cells in patients undergoing minimally invasive peripheral revascularization. J Vasc Surg 2014; 59:1597-606. [PMID: 24613691 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2014.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Restenosis is a limitation of endovascular interventions performed in the superficial femoral artery (SFA). Preclinical studies have demonstrated that the perivascular delivery of tissue-engineered allogeneic aortic endothelial cells (PVS-10200) reduced stenosis in porcine models of SFA revascularization. The purpose of this study was to investigate the safety and feasibility of percutaneous PVS-10200 delivery after angioplasty and stenting in the SFA of patients with peripheral artery disease. METHODS In this phase I open-label trial, 21 patients (average lesion length of 10.10 ± 2.36 cm and ≥70% stenosis) were treated with PVS-10200: 11 in a low-dose cohort (cohort A) and 10 in a high-dose cohort (cohort B). The primary objective was to demonstrate the safety (incidence of major adverse events) of PVS-10200 within 4 weeks after surgery. Secondary end points included assessments of resting ankle-brachial index (ABI) in the treated leg, Fontaine class, and time to target lesion revascularization (TLR). RESULTS No patient had a major adverse event within 4 weeks. One patient required a limb amputation at 30 weeks. At 48 weeks, cohort A and cohort B patients maintained a 37% and 62% increase in ABI compared with baseline, respectively; 70% of cohort A and 78% of cohort B improved by ≥1 Fontaine classification stage, and the TLR rate was 39% for cohort A and 20% for cohort B. CONCLUSIONS Percutaneous local delivery of PVS-10200 is a well-tolerated and novel therapeutic approach that may be a suitable treatment for patients after endovascular intervention of the SFA. Larger randomized trials are needed to determine if PVS-10200 can improve ABI and reduce TLR rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jerome Larghero
- AP-HP, Saint-Louis Hospital, Cell Therapy Unit and Clinical Investigation in Biotherapies (CBT501), Paris Diderot Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - Yves Castier
- AP-HP, Bichat-Claude-Bernard Hospital, Department of Vascular, Thoracic, and Lung Transplantation, Paris
| | | | | | - Jean-Marc Alsac
- AP-HP, Department of Vascular Surgery, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, René Descartes Paris 5 University, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Potential roles of vessel wall heparan sulfate proteoglycans in atherosclerosis. Vascul Pharmacol 2014; 60:49-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2013.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2013] [Revised: 12/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
43
|
Franses JW, Drosu NC, Gibson WJ, Chitalia VC, Edelman ER. Dysfunctional endothelial cells directly stimulate cancer inflammation and metastasis. Int J Cancer 2013; 133:1334-44. [PMID: 23463345 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Although the influence of context-dependent endothelial cell (EC) regulation of vascular disease and repair is well-established, the privileged roles ECs play as paracrine regulators of tumor progression has only recently become appreciated. We hypothesized that if the same endothelial physiology governs vascular and cancer biology then EC control in cancer should follow endothelial regulation of vascular health. Healthy ECs promote vascular repair and inhibit tumor invasiveness and metastasis. Dysfunctional ECs have the opposite effects in vascular disease, and we now ask if dysfunctionally activated ECs will promote cancer cell inflammatory signaling and aggressive properties. Indeed, while factors released from quiescent ECs induce balanced inflammatory signaling, correlating with decreased proliferation and invasiveness, factors released from dysfunctional ECs robustly activated NF-κB and STAT3 signaling within cancer cells, correlating with increased in vitro invasiveness and decreased proliferation and survival. Furthermore, matrix-embedded dysfunctional ECs stimulated intratumoral pro-inflammatory signaling and spontaneous metastasis, while simultaneously slowing primary tumor growth, when implanted adjacent to Lewis lung carcinoma tumors. These studies may broaden our appreciation of the roles of endothelial function and dysfunction, increase understanding and control of the tumor microenvironment, and facilitate optimization of anti-angiogenic and vascular-modifying therapies in cancer and other diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph W Franses
- Institute of Medical Engineering and Science, MIT, E25-438, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Willis CD, Poluzzi C, Mongiat M, Iozzo RV. Endorepellin laminin-like globular 1/2 domains bind Ig3-5 of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor 2 and block pro-angiogenic signaling by VEGFA in endothelial cells. FEBS J 2013; 280:2271-84. [PMID: 23374253 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Endorepellin, a processed fragment of perlecan protein core, possesses anti-angiogenic activity by antagonizing endothelial cells. Endorepellin contains three laminin G-like (LG) domains and binds simultaneously to vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) and α2β1 integrin, resulting in dual receptor antagonism. Treatment of endothelial cells with endorepellin inhibits transcription of VEGFA, the natural ligand for VEGFR2, attenuating the pro-survival and migratory activities of VEGFA/VEGFR2 signaling cascade. Here, we investigated the specific binding site of endorepellin within the ectodomain of VEGFR2. Full-length endorepellin was not capable of displacing VEGFA binding from VEGFR2 and LG3 domain alone did not bind VEGFR2. This suggested different binding mechanisms of the extracellular Ig domains of VEGFR2. Therefore, we hypothesized that endorepellin would bind through its proximal LG1/2 domains to VEGFR2 in a different region than VEGFA. Indeed, we found that LG1/2 did not bind Ig1-3, but did bind with high affinity to Ig3-5, distal to the known VEGFA binding site, i.e. Ig2-3. These results support a role for endorepellin as an allosteric inhibitor of VEGFR2. Moreover, we found that LG1/2 blocked the rapid VEGFA activation of VEGFR2 at Tyr1175 in endothelial cells. In contrast, LG1/2 did not result in actin cytoskeletal disassembly in endothelial cells whereas LG3 alone did induce cytoskeletal collapse. However, LG1/2 did inhibit VEGFA-dependent endothelial migration through fibrillar collagen I. These studies provide a mechanistic understanding of how the different LG domains of endorepellin signal in endothelial cells while serving as a template for protein design of receptor tyrosine kinase antagonists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chris D Willis
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling, Program, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Blich M, Golan A, Arvatz G, Sebbag A, Shafat I, Sabo E, Cohen-Kaplan V, Petcherski S, Avniel-Polak S, Eitan A, Hammerman H, Aronson D, Axelman E, Ilan N, Nussbaum G, Vlodavsky I. Macrophage activation by heparanase is mediated by TLR-2 and TLR-4 and associates with plaque progression. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2013; 33:e56-65. [PMID: 23162016 PMCID: PMC3548034 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.112.254961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Factors and mechanisms that activate macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques are incompletely understood. We examined the capacity of heparanase to activate macrophages. METHODS AND RESULTS Highly purified heparanase was added to mouse peritoneal macrophages and macrophage-like J774 cells, and the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, matrix metalloproteinase-9, interlukin-1, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 were evaluated by ELISA. Gene expression was determined by RT-PCR. Cells collected from Toll-like receptor-2 and Toll-like receptor-4 knockout mice were evaluated similarly. Heparanase levels in the plasma of patients with acute myocardial infarction, stable angina, and healthy subjects were determined by ELISA. Immunohistochemistry was applied to detect the expression of heparanase in control specimens and specimens of patients with stable angina or acute myocardial infarction. Addition or overexpression of heparanase variants resulted in marked increase in tumor necrosis factor-α, matrix metalloproteinase-9, interlukin-1, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 levels. Mouse peritoneal macrophages harvested from Toll-like receptor-2 or Toll-like receptor-4 knockout mice were not activated by heparanase. Plasma heparanase level was higher in patients with acute myocardial infarction, compared with patients with stable angina and healthy subjects. Pathologic coronary specimens obtained from vulnerable plaques showed increased heparanase staining compared with specimens of stable plaque and controls. CONCLUSIONS Heparanase activates macrophages, resulting in marked induction of cytokine expression associated with plaque progression toward vulnerability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miry Blich
- Department of Cardiology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Amnon Golan
- Cancer and Vascular Biology Research Center, Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Gil Arvatz
- Cancer and Vascular Biology Research Center, Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Anat Sebbag
- Department of Cardiology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Itay Shafat
- Cancer and Vascular Biology Research Center, Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Edmond Sabo
- Department of Pathology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Victoria Cohen-Kaplan
- Cancer and Vascular Biology Research Center, Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Shani Avniel-Polak
- Institute of Dental Science, Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Amnon Eitan
- Department of Cardiology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Haim Hammerman
- Department of Cardiology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Doron Aronson
- Department of Cardiology, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Elena Axelman
- Cancer and Vascular Biology Research Center, Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Neta Ilan
- Cancer and Vascular Biology Research Center, Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| | - Gabriel Nussbaum
- Institute of Dental Science, Hadassah Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Israel Vlodavsky
- Cancer and Vascular Biology Research Center, Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Goyal A, Poluzzi C, Willis CD, Smythies J, Shellard A, Neill T, Iozzo RV. Endorepellin affects angiogenesis by antagonizing diverse vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2)-evoked signaling pathways: transcriptional repression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α and VEGFA and concurrent inhibition of nuclear factor of activated T cell 1 (NFAT1) activation. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:43543-56. [PMID: 23060442 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.401786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Endorepellin, the angiostatic C-terminal domain of the heparan sulfate proteoglycan perlecan, inhibits angiogenesis by simultaneously binding to the α2β1 integrin and the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor 2 (VEGFR2) on endothelial cells. This interaction triggers the down-regulation of both receptors and the concurrent activation of the tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1, which leads to a signaling cascade resulting in angiostasis. Here, we provide evidence that endorepellin is capable of attenuating both the PI3K/PDK1/Akt/mTOR and the PKC/JNK/AP1 pathways. We show that hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) transcriptional activity induced by VEGFA was inhibited by endorepellin independent of oxygen concentration and that only a combination of both PI3K and calcineurin inhibitors completely blocked the suppressive activity evoked by endorepellin on HIF1A and VEGFA promoter activity. Moreover, endorepellin inhibited the PKC/JNK/AP1 axis induced by the recruitment of phospholipase γ and attenuated the VEGFA-induced activation of NFAT1, a process dependent on calcineurin activity. Finally, endorepellin inhibited VEGFA-evoked nuclear translocation of NFAT1 and promoted NFAT1 stability. Thus, we provide evidence for a novel downstream signaling axis for an angiostatic fragment and for the key components involved in the dual antagonistic activity of endorepellin, highlighting its potential use as a therapeutic agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atul Goyal
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Wise SG, Waterhouse A, Michael P, Ng MKC. Extracellular matrix molecules facilitating vascular biointegration. J Funct Biomater 2012; 3:569-87. [PMID: 24955633 PMCID: PMC4031001 DOI: 10.3390/jfb3030569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Revised: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
All vascular implants, including stents, heart valves and graft materials exhibit suboptimal biocompatibility that significantly reduces their clinical efficacy. A range of biomolecules in the subendothelial space have been shown to play critical roles in local regulation of thrombosis, endothelial growth and smooth muscle cell proliferation, making these attractive candidates for modulation of vascular device biointegration. However, classically used biomaterial coatings, such as fibronectin and laminin, modulate only one of these components; enhancing endothelial cell attachment, but also activating platelets and triggering thrombosis. This review examines a subset of extracellular matrix molecules that have demonstrated multi-faceted vascular compatibility and accordingly are promising candidates to improve the biointegration of vascular biomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven G Wise
- The Heart Research Institute, Eliza Street, Newtown, NSW 2042, Australia.
| | - Anna Waterhouse
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Praveesuda Michael
- The Heart Research Institute, Eliza Street, Newtown, NSW 2042, Australia.
| | - Martin K C Ng
- The Heart Research Institute, Eliza Street, Newtown, NSW 2042, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Nugent HM, Ng YS, White D, Groothius A, Kanner G, Edelman ER. Ultrasound-guided percutaneous delivery of tissue-engineered endothelial cells to the adventitia of stented arteries controls the response to vascular injury in a porcine model. J Vasc Surg 2012; 56:1078-88. [PMID: 22796118 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2012.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2011] [Revised: 02/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/02/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE High restenosis rates are a limitation of peripheral vascular interventions. Previous studies have shown that surgical implantation of a tissue-engineered endothelium onto the adventitia surface of injured vessels regulates vascular repair. In the present study, we developed a particulate formulation of tissue-engineered endothelium and a method to deliver the formulation perivascular to injured blood vessels using a percutaneous, minimally invasive technique. METHODS Stainless steel stents were implanted in 18 balloon-injured femoral arteries of nine domestic swine, followed by ultrasound-guided percutaneous perivascular injection of gelatin particles containing cultured allogeneic porcine aortic endothelial cells (PAE). Controls received injections of empty particles (matrix) or no perivascular injection (sham) after stent deployment. Animals were sacrificed after 90 days. RESULTS Angiographic analysis revealed a significantly greater lumen diameter in the stented segments of arteries treated with PAE/matrix (4.72 ± 0.12 mm) compared with matrix (4.01 ± 0.20 mm) or sham (4.03 ± 0.16 mm) controls (P < .05). Similarly, histologic analysis revealed that PAE/matrix-treated arteries had the greatest lumen area (20.4 ± 0.7 mm(2); P < .05) compared with controls (16.1 ± 0.9 mm(2) and 17.1 ± 1.0 mm(2) for sham and matrix controls, respectively) and the smallest intimal area (3.3 ± 0.4 mm(2); P < .05) compared with controls (6.2 ± 0.5 mm(2) and 4.4 ± 0.5 mm(2) for sham and matrix controls, respectively). Overall, PAE-treated arteries had a 33% to 50% decrease in percent occlusion (P < .05) compared with controls. Histopathological analysis revealed fewer leukocytes present in the intima in the PAE/matrix group compared with control groups, suggesting that the biological effects were in part due to inhibition of the inflammatory phase of the vascular response to injury. CONCLUSIONS Minimally invasive, perivascular delivery of PAE/matrix to stented arteries was performed safely using ultrasound-guided percutaneous injections and significantly decreased stenosis. Application at the time of or subsequent to peripheral interventions may decrease clinical restenosis rates.
Collapse
|
49
|
Baker AB, Gibson WJ, Kolachalama VB, Golomb M, Indolfi L, Spruell C, Zcharia E, Vlodavsky I, Edelman ER. Heparanase regulates thrombosis in vascular injury and stent-induced flow disturbance. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012; 59:1551-60. [PMID: 22516446 PMCID: PMC4191917 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2011.11.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2010] [Revised: 10/19/2011] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to examine the role of heparanase in controlling thrombosis following vascular injury or endovascular stenting. BACKGROUND The use of endovascular stents are a common clinical intervention for the treatment of arteries occluded due to vascular disease. Both heparin and heparan sulfate are known to be potent inhibitors of thrombosis. Heparanase is the major enzyme that degrades heparan sulfate in mammalian cells. This study examined the role of heparanase in controlling thrombosis following vascular injury and stent-induced flow disturbance. METHODS This study used mice overexpressing human heparanase and examined the time to thrombosis using a laser-induced arterial thrombosis model in combination with vascular injury. An ex vivo system was used to examine the formation of thrombus to stent-induced flow disturbance. RESULTS In the absence of vascular injury, wild type and heparanase overexpressing (HPA Tg) mice had similar times to thrombosis in a laser-induced arterial thrombosis model. However, in the presence of vascular injury, the time to thrombosis was dramatically reduced in HPA Tg mice. An ex vivo system was used to flow blood from wild type and HPA Tg mice over stents and stented arterial segments from both animal types. These studies demonstrate markedly increased thromboses on stents with blood isolated from HPA Tg mice in comparison to blood from wild type animals. We found that blood from HPA Tg animals had markedly increased thrombosis when applied to stented arterial segments from either wild type or HPA Tg mice. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, this study's results indicate that heparanase is a powerful mediator of thrombosis in the context of vascular injury and stent-induced flow disturbance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron B Baker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
De Santis F, Chaves Brait CM, Caravelli G, Pompei S, Di Cintio V. Salvage of infected vascular graft via 'perivascular venous banding' technique coupled with rectus abdominis myocutaneous muscle flap transposition. Vascular 2012; 21:17-22. [PMID: 22375043 DOI: 10.1258/vasc.2011.cr0286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This is the case of a severe Pseudomonas aeruginosa biological vascular graft infection, completely involving the perianastomotic tract of a femoro - femoral crossover bypass and resulting in repeated bleeding from the offended vessel wall. After the failure of a sartorious rotational muscle flap transposition into the infected groin wound, this 'high-grade' vascular graft infection was finally treated successfully by wrapping a great saphenous vein patch reinforcement circumferentially around the damaged biological vascular conduit and filling the infected wound with a rectus abdominis myocutaneous muscle flap transposition. The aim of this report is to illustrate this novel, to our knowledge, 'perivascular venous banding' technique and to evaluate the prospective of future testing of this surgical procedure. Starting from this singular case, we will also review the role of the rotational muscle flaps in the conservative management of major vascular graft infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F De Santis
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Sandro Pertini, Rome, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|