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Weglage A, Layer N, Meister H, Müller V, Lang-Roth R, Walger M, Sandmann P. Changes in visually and auditory attended audiovisual speech processing in cochlear implant users: A longitudinal ERP study. Hear Res 2024; 447:109023. [PMID: 38733710 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2024.109023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Limited auditory input, whether caused by hearing loss or by electrical stimulation through a cochlear implant (CI), can be compensated by the remaining senses. Specifically for CI users, previous studies reported not only improved visual skills, but also altered cortical processing of unisensory visual and auditory stimuli. However, in multisensory scenarios, it is still unclear how auditory deprivation (before implantation) and electrical hearing experience (after implantation) affect cortical audiovisual speech processing. Here, we present a prospective longitudinal electroencephalography (EEG) study which systematically examined the deprivation- and CI-induced alterations of cortical processing of audiovisual words by comparing event-related potentials (ERPs) in postlingually deafened CI users before and after implantation (five weeks and six months of CI use). A group of matched normal-hearing (NH) listeners served as controls. The participants performed a word-identification task with congruent and incongruent audiovisual words, focusing their attention on either the visual (lip movement) or the auditory speech signal. This allowed us to study the (top-down) attention effect on the (bottom-up) sensory cortical processing of audiovisual speech. When compared to the NH listeners, the CI candidates (before implantation) and the CI users (after implantation) exhibited enhanced lipreading abilities and an altered cortical response at the N1 latency range (90-150 ms) that was characterized by a decreased theta oscillation power (4-8 Hz) and a smaller amplitude in the auditory cortex. After implantation, however, the auditory-cortex response gradually increased and developed a stronger intra-modal connectivity. Nevertheless, task efficiency and activation in the visual cortex was significantly modulated in both groups by focusing attention on the visual as compared to the auditory speech signal, with the NH listeners additionally showing an attention-dependent decrease in beta oscillation power (13-30 Hz). In sum, these results suggest remarkable deprivation effects on audiovisual speech processing in the auditory cortex, which partially reverse after implantation. Although even experienced CI users still show distinct audiovisual speech processing compared to NH listeners, pronounced effects of (top-down) direction of attention on (bottom-up) audiovisual processing can be observed in both groups. However, NH listeners but not CI users appear to show enhanced allocation of cognitive resources in visually as compared to auditory attended audiovisual speech conditions, which supports our behavioural observations of poorer lipreading abilities and reduced visual influence on audition in NH listeners as compared to CI users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Weglage
- Head and Neck Surgery, Audiology and Pediatric Audiology, Cochlear Implant Centre, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Germany.
| | - Natalie Layer
- Head and Neck Surgery, Audiology and Pediatric Audiology, Cochlear Implant Centre, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Germany
| | - Hartmut Meister
- Head and Neck Surgery, Audiology and Pediatric Audiology, Cochlear Implant Centre, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Germany; Jean-Uhrmacher-Institute for Clinical ENT Research, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Verena Müller
- Head and Neck Surgery, Audiology and Pediatric Audiology, Cochlear Implant Centre, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Germany
| | - Ruth Lang-Roth
- Head and Neck Surgery, Audiology and Pediatric Audiology, Cochlear Implant Centre, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Germany
| | - Martin Walger
- Head and Neck Surgery, Audiology and Pediatric Audiology, Cochlear Implant Centre, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Germany; Jean-Uhrmacher-Institute for Clinical ENT Research, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Pascale Sandmann
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Germany; Research Center Neurosensory Science University of Oldenburg, Germany; Cluster of Excellence "Hearing4all", University of Oldenburg, Germany
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Tan G, Adams J, Donovan K, Demarest P, Willie JT, Brunner P, Gorlewicz JL, Leuthardt EC. Does Vibrotactile Stimulation of the Auricular Vagus Nerve Enhance Working Memory? A Behavioral and Physiological Investigation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.24.586365. [PMID: 38585960 PMCID: PMC10996508 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.24.586365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Background Working memory is essential to a wide range of cognitive functions and activities. Transcutaneous auricular VNS (taVNS) is a promising method to improve working memory performance. However, the feasibility and scalability of electrical stimulation are constrained by several limitations, such as auricular discomfort and inconsistent electrical contact. Objective We aimed to develop a novel and practical method, vibrotactile taVNS, to improve working memory. Further, we investigated its effects on arousal, measured by skin conductance and pupil diameter. Method This study included 20 healthy participants. Behavioral response, skin conductance, and eye tracking data were concurrently recorded while the participants performed N-back tasks under three conditions: vibrotactile taVNS delivered to the cymba concha, earlobe (sham control), and no stimulation (baseline control). Results In 4-back tasks, which demand maximal working memory capacity, active vibrotactile taVNS significantly improved the performance metric d ' compared to the baseline but not to the sham. Moreover, we found that the reduction rate of d ' with increasing task difficulty was significantly smaller during vibrotactile taVNS sessions than in both baseline and sham conditions. Arousal, measured as skin conductance and pupil diameter, declined over the course of the tasks. Vibrotactile taVNS rescued this arousal decline, leading to arousal levels corresponding to optimal working memory levels. Moreover, pupil diameter and skin conductance level were higher during high-cognitive-load tasks when vibrotactile taVNS was delivered to the concha compared to baseline and sham. Conclusion Our findings suggest that vibrotactile taVNS modulates the arousal pathway and could be a potential intervention for enhancing working memory. Highlights Vibrotactile stimulation of the auricular vagus nerve increases general arousal.Vibrotactile stimulation of the auricular vagus nerve mitigates arousal decreases as subjects continuously perform working memory tasks.6 Hz Vibrotactile auricular vagus nerve stimulation is a potential intervention for enhancing working memory performance.
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Tan G, Adams J, Donovan K, Demarest P, Willie JT, Brunner P, Gorlewicz JL, Leuthardt EC. Does vibrotactile stimulation of the auricular vagus nerve enhance working memory? A behavioral and physiological investigation. Brain Stimul 2024; 17:460-468. [PMID: 38593972 PMCID: PMC11268363 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2024.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Working memory is essential to a wide range of cognitive functions and activities. Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) is a promising method to improve working memory performance. However, the feasibility and scalability of electrical stimulation are constrained by several limitations, such as auricular discomfort and inconsistent electrical contact. OBJECTIVE We aimed to develop a novel and practical method, vibrotactile taVNS, to improve working memory. Further, we investigated its effects on arousal, measured by skin conductance and pupil diameter. METHOD This study included 20 healthy participants. Behavioral response, skin conductance, and eye tracking data were concurrently recorded while the participants performed N-back tasks under three conditions: vibrotactile taVNS delivered to the cymba concha, earlobe (sham control), and no stimulation (baseline control). RESULTS In 4-back tasks, which demand maximal working memory capacity, active vibrotactile taVNS significantly improved the performance metric d' compared to the baseline but not to the sham. Moreover, we found that the reduction rate of d' with increasing task difficulty was significantly smaller during vibrotactile taVNS sessions than in both baseline and sham conditions. Arousal, measured as skin conductance and pupil diameter, declined over the course of the tasks. Vibrotactile taVNS rescued this arousal decline, leading to arousal levels corresponding to optimal working memory levels. Moreover, pupil diameter and skin conductance level were higher during high-cognitive-load tasks when vibrotactile taVNS was delivered to the concha compared to baseline and sham. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that vibrotactile taVNS modulates the arousal pathway and could be a potential intervention for enhancing working memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gansheng Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, MO, USA; Division of Neurotechnology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Josh Adams
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Saint Louis University, MO, USA
| | - Kara Donovan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, MO, USA; Division of Neurotechnology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Phillip Demarest
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, MO, USA; Division of Neurotechnology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jon T Willie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis, MO, USA; Division of Neurotechnology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Peter Brunner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, MO, USA; Division of Neurotechnology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jenna L Gorlewicz
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, Saint Louis University, MO, USA
| | - Eric C Leuthardt
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Washington University in St. Louis, MO, USA; Division of Neurotechnology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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De Pascalis V. Brain Functional Correlates of Resting Hypnosis and Hypnotizability: A Review. Brain Sci 2024; 14:115. [PMID: 38391691 PMCID: PMC10886478 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14020115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive review delves into the cognitive neuroscience of hypnosis and variations in hypnotizability by examining research employing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and electroencephalography (EEG) methods. Key focus areas include functional brain imaging correlations in hypnosis, EEG band oscillations as indicators of hypnotic states, alterations in EEG functional connectivity during hypnosis and wakefulness, drawing critical conclusions, and suggesting future research directions. The reviewed functional connectivity findings support the notion that disruptions in the available integration between different components of the executive control network during hypnosis may correspond to altered subjective appraisals of the agency during the hypnotic response, as per dissociated and cold control theories of hypnosis. A promising exploration avenue involves investigating how frontal lobes' neurochemical and aperiodic components of the EEG activity at waking-rest are linked to individual differences in hypnotizability. Future studies investigating the effects of hypnosis on brain function should prioritize examining distinctive activation patterns across various neural networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilfredo De Pascalis
- Department of Psychology, La Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- School of Psychology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
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Zhang H, Xie J, Tao Q, Xiao Y, Cui G, Fang W, Zhu X, Xu G, Li M, Han C. The effect of motion frequency and sound source frequency on steady-state auditory motion evoked potential. Hear Res 2023; 439:108897. [PMID: 37871451 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2023.108897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
The ability of humans to perceive motion sound sources is important for accurate response to the living environment. Periodic motion sound sources can elicit steady-state motion auditory evoked potential (SSMAEP). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different motion frequencies and different frequencies of sound source on SSMAEP. The stimulation paradigms for simulating periodic motion of sound sources were designed utilizing head-related transfer function (HRTF) techniques in this study. The motion frequencies of the paradigm are set respectively to 1-10 Hz, 15 Hz, 20 Hz, 30 Hz, 40 Hz, 60 Hz, and 80 Hz. In addition, the frequencies of sound source of the paradigms were set to 500 Hz, 1000 Hz, 2000 Hz, 3000 Hz, and 4000 Hz at motion frequencies of 6 Hz and 40 Hz. Fourteen subjects with normal hearing were recruited for the study. SSMAEP was elicited by 500 Hz pure tone at motion frequencies of 1-10 Hz, 15 Hz, 20 Hz, 30 Hz, 40 Hz, 60 Hz, and 80 Hz. SSMAEP was strongest at motion frequencies of 6 Hz. Moreover, at 6 Hz motion frequency, the SSMAEP amplitude was largest at the tone frequency of 500 Hz and smallest at 4000 Hz. Whilst SSMAEP elicited by 4000 Hz pure tone was significantly the strongest at motion frequency of 40 Hz. SSMAEP can be elicited by periodic motion sound sources at motion frequencies up to 80 Hz. SSMAEP also has a strong response at lower frequency. Low-frequency pure tones are beneficial to enhance SSMAEP at low-frequency sound source motion, whilst high-frequency pure tones help to enhance SSMAEP at high-frequency sound source motion. The study provides new insight into the brain's perception of rhythmic auditory motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanqing Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jun Xie
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; School of Mechanical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China; National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering, China Astronauts Research and Training Center, Beijing, China; State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Qing Tao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China.
| | - Yi Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering, China Astronauts Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Guiling Cui
- National Key Laboratory of Human Factors Engineering, China Astronauts Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhu Fang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinyu Zhu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guanghua Xu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Min Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chengcheng Han
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Llorens A, Bellier L, Blenkmann AO, Ivanovic J, Larsson PG, Lin JJ, Endestad T, Solbakk AK, Knight RT. Decision and response monitoring during working memory are sequentially represented in the human insula. iScience 2023; 26:107653. [PMID: 37674986 PMCID: PMC10477069 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging research supports a role of the insula in human cognition. Here, we used intracranial EEG to investigate the spatiotemporal dynamics in the insula during a verbal working memory (vWM) task. We found robust effects for theta, beta, and high frequency activity (HFA) during probe presentation requiring a decision. Theta band activity showed differential involvement across left and right insulae while sequential HFA modulations were observed along the anteroposterior axis. HFA in anterior insula tracked decision making and subsequent HFA was observed in posterior insula after the behavioral response. Our results provide electrophysiological evidence of engagement of different insula subregions in both decision-making and response monitoring during vWM and expand our knowledge of the role of the insula in complex human behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Llorens
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Université de Franche-Comté, SUPMICROTECH, CNRS, Institut FEMTO-ST, 25000 Besançon, France
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, Team TURC, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Ludovic Bellier
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Alejandro O. Blenkmann
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- RITMO Center for Interdisciplinary Studies in Rhythm, Time and Motion, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Pål G. Larsson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jack J. Lin
- Department of Neurology and Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Tor Endestad
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- RITMO Center for Interdisciplinary Studies in Rhythm, Time and Motion, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neuropsychology, Helgeland Hospital, Mosjøen, Norway
| | - Anne-Kristin Solbakk
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- RITMO Center for Interdisciplinary Studies in Rhythm, Time and Motion, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neuropsychology, Helgeland Hospital, Mosjøen, Norway
| | - Robert T. Knight
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Etter G, Carmichael JE, Williams S. Linking temporal coordination of hippocampal activity to memory function. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1233849. [PMID: 37720546 PMCID: PMC10501408 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1233849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Oscillations in neural activity are widespread throughout the brain and can be observed at the population level through the local field potential. These rhythmic patterns are associated with cycles of excitability and are thought to coordinate networks of neurons, in turn facilitating effective communication both within local circuits and across brain regions. In the hippocampus, theta rhythms (4-12 Hz) could contribute to several key physiological mechanisms including long-range synchrony, plasticity, and at the behavioral scale, support memory encoding and retrieval. While neurons in the hippocampus appear to be temporally coordinated by theta oscillations, they also tend to fire in sequences that are developmentally preconfigured. Although loss of theta rhythmicity impairs memory, these sequences of spatiotemporal representations persist in conditions of altered hippocampal oscillations. The focus of this review is to disentangle the relative contribution of hippocampal oscillations from single-neuron activity in learning and memory. We first review cellular, anatomical, and physiological mechanisms underlying the generation and maintenance of hippocampal rhythms and how they contribute to memory function. We propose candidate hypotheses for how septohippocampal oscillations could support memory function while not contributing directly to hippocampal sequences. In particular, we explore how theta rhythms could coordinate the integration of upstream signals in the hippocampus to form future decisions, the relevance of such integration to downstream regions, as well as setting the stage for behavioral timescale synaptic plasticity. Finally, we leverage stimulation-based treatment in Alzheimer's disease conditions as an opportunity to assess the sufficiency of hippocampal oscillations for memory function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sylvain Williams
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health Research Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Nestor SM, Giacobbe P, Abrahao A, Davidson B, Rabin JS, Lipsman N, Hamani C. Advances in deep brain stimulation for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder. Expert Rev Med Devices 2023; 20:995-998. [PMID: 37930275 DOI: 10.1080/17434440.2023.2280023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Nestor
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Giacobbe
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Agessandro Abrahao
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benjamin Davidson
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer S Rabin
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nir Lipsman
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Clement Hamani
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Hasheminia S, Sho’ouri N. The effect of musk incense stick aroma inhalation on different features of electroencephalogram signals and working memory for use in neurofeedback training. Biomed Signal Process Control 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2023.104658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
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10
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Gómez CM, Muñoz V, Rodríguez-Martínez EI, Arjona A, Barriga-Paulino CI, Pelegrina S. Child and adolescent development of the brain oscillatory activity during a working memory task. Brain Cogn 2023; 167:105969. [PMID: 36958141 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2023.105969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
The developmental trajectories of brain oscillations during the encoding and maintenance phases of a Working Memory (WM) task were calculated. The Delayed-Match-to-Sample Test (DMTS) was applied to 239 subjects of 6-29 years, while EEG was recorded. The Event-Related Spectral Perturbation (ERSP) was obtained in the range between 1 and 25 Hz during the encoding and maintenance phases. Behavioral parameters of reaction times (RTs) and response accuracy were simultaneously recorded. The results indicate a myriad of transient and sustained bursts of oscillatory activity from low frequencies (1 Hz) to the beta range (up to 19 Hz). Beta and Low-frequency ERSP increases were prominent in the encoding phase in all age groups, while low-frequency ERSP indexed the maintenance phase only in children and adolescents, but not in late adolescents and young adults, suggesting an age-dependent neural mechanism of stimulus trace maintenance. While the latter group showed Beta and Alpha indices of anticipatory attention for the retrieval phase. Mediation analysis showed an important role of early Delta-Theta and late Alpha oscillations for mediation between age and behavioral responses performance. In conclusion, the results show a complex pattern of oscillatory bursts during the encoding and maintenance phases with a consistent pattern of developmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M Gómez
- Human Psychobiology Laboratory, Experimental Psychology Department, University of Sevilla, C/ Camilo José Cela S/N, 41018 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Vanesa Muñoz
- Human Psychobiology Laboratory, Experimental Psychology Department, University of Sevilla, C/ Camilo José Cela S/N, 41018 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Elena I Rodríguez-Martínez
- Human Psychobiology Laboratory, Experimental Psychology Department, University of Sevilla, C/ Camilo José Cela S/N, 41018 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Antonio Arjona
- Human Psychobiology Laboratory, Experimental Psychology Department, University of Sevilla, C/ Camilo José Cela S/N, 41018 Sevilla, Spain.
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Williams Roberson S, Azeez NA, Fulton JN, Zhang KC, Lee AXT, Ye F, Pandharipande P, Brummel NE, Patel MB, Ely EW. Quantitative EEG signatures of delirium and coma in mechanically ventilated ICU patients. Clin Neurophysiol 2023; 146:40-48. [PMID: 36529066 PMCID: PMC9889081 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2022.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify quantitative electroencephalography (EEG)-based indicators of delirium or coma in mechanically ventilated patients. METHODS We prospectively enrolled 28 mechanically ventilated intensive care unit (ICU) patients to undergo 24-hour continuous EEG, 25 of whom completed the study. We assessed patients twice daily using the Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS) and Confusion Assessment Method for the ICU (CAM-ICU). We evaluated the spectral profile, regional connectivity and complexity of 5-minute EEG segments after each assessment. We used penalized regression to select EEG metrics associated with delirium or coma, and compared mixed-effects models predicting delirium with and without the selected EEG metrics. RESULTS Delta variability, high-beta variability, relative theta power, and relative alpha power contributed independently to EEG-based identification of delirium or coma. A model with these metrics achieved better prediction of delirium or coma than a model with clinical variables alone (Akaike Information Criterion: 36 vs 43, p = 0.006 by likelihood ratio test). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for an ad hoc hypothetical delirium score using these metrics was 0.94 (95%CI 0.83-0.99). CONCLUSIONS We identified four EEG metrics that, in combination, provided excellent discrimination between delirious/comatose and non-delirious mechanically ventilated ICU patients. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings give insight to neurophysiologic changes underlying delirium and provide a basis for pragmatic, EEG-based delirium monitoring technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawniqua Williams Roberson
- Critical Illness, Brain dysfunction and Survivorship (CIBS) Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Division, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Naureen A Azeez
- Critical Illness, Brain dysfunction and Survivorship (CIBS) Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Division, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jenna N Fulton
- Critical Illness, Brain dysfunction and Survivorship (CIBS) Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Division, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kevin C Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Aaron X T Lee
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Fei Ye
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Pratik Pandharipande
- Critical Illness, Brain dysfunction and Survivorship (CIBS) Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Nathan E Brummel
- Critical Illness, Brain dysfunction and Survivorship (CIBS) Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Pulmonary Critical Care, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Mayur B Patel
- Critical Illness, Brain dysfunction and Survivorship (CIBS) Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Departments of Surgery, Neurosurgery, and Hearing & Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of General Surgery, VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - E Wesley Ely
- Critical Illness, Brain dysfunction and Survivorship (CIBS) Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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12
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Tinga AM, Menger NS, de Back TT, Louwerse MM. Age Differences in Learning-Related Neurophysiological Changes. J PSYCHOPHYSIOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1027/0269-8803/a000317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Abstract. Research in young adults has demonstrated that neurophysiological measures are able to provide insight into learning processes. However, to date, it remains unclear whether neurophysiological changes during learning in older adults are comparable to those in younger adults. The current study addressed this issue by exploring age differences in changes over time in a range of neurophysiological outcome measures collected during visuomotor sequence learning. Specifically, measures of electroencephalography (EEG), skin conductance, heart rate, heart rate variability, respiration rate, and eye-related measures, in addition to behavioral performance measures, were collected in younger ( Mage = 27.24 years) and older adults ( Mage = 58.06 years) during learning. Behavioral responses became more accurate over time in both age groups during visuomotor sequence learning. Yet, older adults needed more time in each trial to enhance the precision of their movement. Changes in EEG during learning demonstrated a stronger increase in theta power in older compared to younger adults and a decrease in gamma power in older adults while increasing slightly in younger adults. No such differences between the two age groups were found on other neurophysiological outcome measures, suggesting changes in brain activity during learning to be more sensitive to age differences than changes in peripheral physiology. Additionally, differences in which neurophysiological outcomes were associated with behavioral performance on the learning task were found between younger and older adults. This indicates that the neurophysiological underpinnings of learning may differ between younger and older adults. Therefore, the current findings highlight the importance of taking age into account when aiming to gain insight into behavioral performance through neurophysiology during learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica M. Tinga
- Department of Cognitive Science & Artificial Intelligence, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Nick S. Menger
- Department of Cognitive Science & Artificial Intelligence, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Tycho T. de Back
- Department of Cognitive Science & Artificial Intelligence, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Max M. Louwerse
- Department of Cognitive Science & Artificial Intelligence, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
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13
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Velmurugan J, Badier JM, Pizzo F, Medina Villalon S, Papageorgakis C, López-Madrona V, Jegou A, Carron R, Bartolomei F, Bénar CG. Virtual MEG sensors based on beamformer and independent component analysis can reconstruct epileptic activity as measured on simultaneous intracerebral recordings. Neuroimage 2022; 264:119681. [PMID: 36270623 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevailing gold standard for presurgical determination of epileptogenic brain networks is intracerebral EEG, a potent yet invasive approach. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is a state-of-the art non-invasive method for investigating epileptiform discharges. However, it is not clear at what level the precision offered by MEG can reach that of SEEG. Here, we present a strategy for non-invasively retrieving the constituents of the interictal network, with high spatial and temporal precision. Our method is based on MEG and a combination of spatial filtering and independent component analysis (ICA). We validated this approach in twelve patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsy, thanks to the unprecedented ground truth provided by simultaneous recordings of MEG and SEEG. A minimum variance adaptive beamformer estimated the source time series and ICA was used to further decompose these time series into network constituents (MEG-ICs), each having a time series (virtual electrode) and a topography (spatial distribution of amplitudes in the brain). We show that MEG has a considerable sensitivity of 0.80 and 0.84 and a specificity of 0.93 and 0.91 for reconstructing deep and superficial sources, respectively, when compared to the ground truth (SEEG). For each epileptic MEG-IC (n = 131), we found at least one significantly correlating SEEG contact close to zero lag after correcting for multiple comparisons. All the patients except one had at least one epileptic component that was highly correlated (Spearman rho>0.3) with that of SEEG traces. MEG-ICs correlated well with SEEG traces. The strength of correlation coefficients did not depend on the depth of the SEEG contacts or the clinical outcome of the patient. A significant proportion of the MEG-ICs (n = 83/131) were localized in proximity with their maximally correlating SEEG, within a mean distance of 20±12.18mm. Our research is the first to validate the MEG-retrieved beamformer IC sources against SEEG-derived ground truth in a simultaneous MEG-SEEG framework. Observations from the present study suggest that non-invasive MEG source components may potentially provide additional information, comparable to SEEG in a number of instances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayabal Velmurugan
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst, Marseille, F-13005, France
| | - Jean-Michel Badier
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst, Marseille, F-13005, France
| | - Francesca Pizzo
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst, Marseille, F-13005, France; APHM, Timone Hospital, Epileptology and Cerebral Rhythmology, Marseille, F-13005, France
| | - Samuel Medina Villalon
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst, Marseille, F-13005, France; APHM, Timone Hospital, Epileptology and Cerebral Rhythmology, Marseille, F-13005, France
| | | | | | - Aude Jegou
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst, Marseille, F-13005, France
| | - Romain Carron
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst, Marseille, F-13005, France; APHM, Timone Hospital, Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery, Marseille, F-13005, France
| | - Fabrice Bartolomei
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst, Marseille, F-13005, France; APHM, Timone Hospital, Epileptology and Cerebral Rhythmology, Marseille, F-13005, France
| | - Christian-G Bénar
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst, Marseille, F-13005, France.
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14
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Wendiggensen P, Adelhöfer N, Jamous R, Mückschel M, Takacs A, Frings C, Münchau A, Beste C. Processing of embedded response plans is modulated by an interplay of fronto-parietal theta and beta activity. J Neurophysiol 2022; 128:543-555. [PMID: 35894437 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00537.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Even simple actions like opening a door require integration/binding and flexible re-activation of different motor elements. Yet, the neural mechanisms underlying the processing of such 'embedded response plans' are largely elusive, despite theoretical frameworks, such as the Theory of Event Coding, describing the involved cognitive processes. In a sample of N = 40 healthy participants we combine time-frequency decomposition and various beamforming methods to examine neurophysiological dynamics of such action plans - with special emphasis on the interplay of theta and beta frequency activity during the processing of these plans. We show that the integration and rule-guided reactivation of embedded response plans is modulated by a complex interplay of theta and beta activity. Pre-trial BBA is related to different functional neuroanatomical structures which are activated in a consecutive fashion. Enhanced preparatory activity is positively associated with higher binding-related BBA in the precuneus/parietal areas, indicating that activity in the precuneus/parietal cortex facilitates the execution of an embedded action sequence. Increased preparation subsequently leads to reduced working memory retrieval demands. A cascading pattern of interactions between pre-trial and within-trial activity indicates the importance of preparatory brain activity. The study shows that there are multiple roles of beta and theta oscillations associated with different functional neuroanatomical structures during the integration and reactivation of motor elements during actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Wendiggensen
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,University Neuropsychology Center, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Nico Adelhöfer
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,University Neuropsychology Center, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Roula Jamous
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,University Neuropsychology Center, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Moritz Mückschel
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,University Neuropsychology Center, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Adam Takacs
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,University Neuropsychology Center, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Münchau
- Institute of Systems Motor Science, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christian Beste
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,University Neuropsychology Center, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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15
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Sun L, Chen H, Zhang C, Cong F, Li X, Hämäläinen T. Decoding brain activities of literary metaphor comprehension: An event-related potential and EEG spectral analysis. Front Psychol 2022; 13:913521. [PMID: 35941953 PMCID: PMC9356233 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.913521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel metaphors in literary texts (hereinafter referred to as literary metaphors) seem to be more creative and open-ended in meaning than metaphors in non-literary texts (non-literary metaphors). However, some disagreement still exists on how literary metaphors differ from non-literary metaphors. Therefore, this study explored the neural mechanisms of literary metaphors extracted from modern Chinese poetry by using the methods of Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) and Event-Related Spectral Perturbations (ERSPs), as compared with non-literary conventional metaphors and literal expressions outside literary texts. Forty-eight subjects were recruited to make the semantic relatedness judgment after reading the prime-target pairs in three linguistic conditions. According to the ERPs results, the earliest differences were presented during the time window of P200 component (170–260 ms) in the frontal and central areas, with the amplitude of P200 for literary metaphors more positive than the other two conditions, reflecting the early allocation of attention and the early conscious experience of the experimental stimuli. Meanwhile, significant differences were presented during the time window of N400 effect (430–530 ms), with the waveform of literary metaphors more negative than others in the frontal and central topography of scalp distributions, suggesting more efforts in retrieving conceptual knowledge for literary metaphors. The ERSPs analysis revealed that the frequency bands of delta and theta were both involved in the cognitive process of literary metaphor comprehension, with delta band distributed in the frontal and central scalp and theta band in parietal and occipital electrodes. Increases in the two power bands during different time windows provided extra evidences that the processing of literary metaphors required more attention and effort than non-literary metaphors and literal expressions in the semantic related tasks, suggesting that the cognitive process of literary metaphors was distinguished by different EEG spectral patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Sun
- School of Foreign Languages, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
- Faculty of Information Technology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Hongjun Chen
- School of Foreign Languages, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
- *Correspondence: Hongjun Chen,
| | - Chi Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Fengyu Cong
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Xueyan Li
- School of Foreign Languages, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Timo Hämäläinen
- Faculty of Information Technology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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16
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Arski ON, Wong SM, Warsi NM, Pang E, Kerr E, Smith ML, Taylor MJ, Dunkley BT, Ochi A, Otsubo H, Sharma R, Yau I, Jain P, Donner EJ, Snead OC, Ibrahim GM. Epilepsy disrupts hippocampal phase precision and impairs working memory. Epilepsia 2022; 63:2583-2596. [PMID: 35778973 DOI: 10.1111/epi.17357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Working memory deficits are prevalent in childhood epilepsy. Working memory processing is thought to be supported by the phase of hippocampal neural oscillations. Disruptions in working memory have previously been linked to the occurrence of transient epileptic activity. This study aimed to resolve the associations between oscillatory neural activity, transient epileptiform events, and working memory in children with epilepsy. METHODS Intracranial recordings were acquired from stereotactically-implanted electrodes in the hippocampi, epileptogenic zones, and working memory-related networks of children with drug-resistant epilepsy during a 1-back working memory task. Interictal epileptic activity was captured using automated detectors. Hippocampal phase and interregional connectivity within working memory networks were indexed by Rayleigh Z and the phase difference derivative respectively. Trials with and without transient epileptiform events were compared. RESULTS Twelve children (mean age of 14.3 ± 2.8 years) with drug-resistant epilepsy were included in the study. In the absence of transient epileptic activity, significant delta and theta hippocampal phase resetting occurred in response to working memory stimulus presentation (Rz = 9, Rz = 8). Retrieval trials that were in-phase with the preferred phase angle were associated with faster reaction times (p = 0.01, p = 0.03). Concurrently, delta and theta coordinated interactions between the hippocampi and working memory-related networks were enhanced (PDD z-scores = 6-11). During retrieval trials with pre-encoding or pre-retrieval transient epileptic activity, phase resetting was attenuated (Rz = 5, Rz = 1), interregional connectivity was altered (PDD z-scores = 1-3), and reaction times were prolonged (p = 0.01, p = 0.03). SIGNIFICANCE This work highlights the role of hippocampal phase in working memory. We observe post-stimulus hippocampal phase resetting coincident with enhanced interregional connectivity. The precision of hippocampal phase predicts optimal working memory processing, and transient epileptic activity prolongs working memory processing. These findings can help guide future treatments aimed at restoring memory function in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia N Arski
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Program in Neuroscience and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Simeon M Wong
- Program in Neuroscience and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.,Division of Neurosurgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Nebras M Warsi
- Program in Neuroscience and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.,Division of Neurosurgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Pang
- Division of Neurology, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Kerr
- Department of Psychology, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mary Lou Smith
- Program in Neuroscience and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Margot J Taylor
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Diagnostic Imaging, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Ayako Ochi
- Division of Neurology, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Hiroshi Otsubo
- Division of Neurology, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Roy Sharma
- Division of Neurology, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ivanna Yau
- Division of Neurology, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Puneet Jain
- Division of Neurology, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Elizabeth J Donner
- Division of Neurology, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - O Carter Snead
- Division of Neurology, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - George M Ibrahim
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Program in Neuroscience and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.,Division of Neurosurgery, Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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17
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Martin T, Giordani B, Kavcic V. EEG asymmetry and cognitive testing in MCI identification. Int J Psychophysiol 2022; 177:213-219. [PMID: 35618112 PMCID: PMC10756646 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2022.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Finding the baseline resting-state EEG markers for early identification of cognitive decline can contribute to the identification of individuals at risk of further change. Potential applications include identifying participants for clinical trials, early treatment, and evaluation of treatment, accessible even from a community setting. METHODS Analyses were completed on a sample of 99 (ages 60-90) consensus-diagnosed, community-dwelling African Americans (58 cognitively typical/HC, and 41 mildly cognitively impaired/MCI), who were recruited from the Michigan Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (MADRC) and the Wayne State University Institute of Gerontology. In addition to neuropsychological testing with CogState and Toolbox computerized batteries, resting-state EEGs (rsEEG, eyes closed) were acquired before and after participants were engaged in a visual motion direction discrimination task. rsEEG frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA) and frontal beta asymmetry (FBA) were calculated. RESULTS FAA showed no difference across groups for the pre-task resting state. FBA was significantly different between groups, with more asymmetric frontal beta in MCI. Both physiological indices, however, along with computerized neuropsychological tests were significant predictors in logistic regression classification of MCI vs. control participants. CONCLUSION rsEEG asymmetries can contribute significantly to successful discrimination of older persons with MCI from those without, over and above cognitive testing, alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Martin
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kennesaw State University, GA, USA
| | - Bruno Giordani
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Psychology and School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Voyko Kavcic
- Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, USA; International Institute of Applied Gerontology, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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18
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Filho E, Husselman TA, Zugic L, Penna E, Taneva N. Performance Gains in an Open Skill Video-Game Task: The Role of Neural Efficiency and Neural Proficiency. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 2022; 47:239-251. [PMID: 35688989 DOI: 10.1007/s10484-022-09553-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We examined whether practice in an open skill video-game task would lead to changes in performance, attention, motivation, perceived effort, and theta, alpha, and beta waves. Specifically, we were interested on whether potential performance gains from practice would be primarily explained by the neural efficiency (i.e., cortical idling) or the neural proficiency hypothesis (i.e., mix of heightened and reduced activation across the cortex). To this end, we asked 16 novice participants (8 males and 8 females; Mage = 23.13 years) to play a Nintendo Wii video-game shooting task, namely Link's Crossbow Training. Pre-test scores, which were followed by an acquisition phase, were compared to post-test scores. Performance and subjective data were recorded for each trial and EEG data was continuously recorded using the portable EEGO System. Our findings revealed that performance increased while attention decreased at post-test, thereby confirming that practice leads to performance gains and reduces attentional overload. No changes in motivation or perceived effort were observed, perhaps because effort is a gestalt multidimension construct and video-gaming is an inherently motivating activity. EEG frequency analysis revealed that, for the most part, performance gains were accompanied by increased cortical activity across frequencies bands, thus lending primary support to the neural proficiency hypothesis. Accordingly, neurofeedback interventions to aid motor learning should teach performers not only how to silence their brains (i.e., quiescence state linked to automaticity and "flow") but also how to amplify task-relevant brain networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edson Filho
- Wheelock College of Education & Human Development, Boston University, 2 Silber Way, 02215, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Tammy-Ann Husselman
- School of Psychology and Computer Science, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Luca Zugic
- School of Psychology and Computer Science, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Eduardo Penna
- Faculty of Physical Education, Federal University of Para, Belém, Brazil
| | - Nadezhda Taneva
- School of Psychology and Computer Science, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
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19
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Woolnough O, Forseth KJ, Rollo PS, Roccaforte ZJ, Tandon N. Event-Related Phase Synchronization Propagates Rapidly across Human Ventral Visual Cortex. Neuroimage 2022; 256:119262. [PMID: 35504563 PMCID: PMC9382906 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Visual inputs to early visual cortex integrate with semantic, linguistic and memory inputs in higher visual cortex, in a manner that is rapid and accurate, and enables complex computations such as face recognition and word reading. This implies the existence of fundamental organizational principles that enable such efficiency. To elaborate on this, we performed intracranial recordings in 82 individuals while they performed tasks of varying visual and cognitive complexity. We discovered that visual inputs induce highly organized posterior-to-anterior propagating patterns of phase modulation across the ventral occipitotemporal cortex. At individual electrodes there was a stereotyped temporal pattern of phase progression following both stimulus onset and offset, consistent across trials and tasks. The phase of low frequency activity in anterior regions was predicted by the prior phase in posterior cortical regions. This spatiotemporal propagation of phase likely serves as a feed-forward organizational influence enabling the integration of information across the ventral visual stream. This phase modulation manifests as the early components of the event related potential; one of the most commonly used measures in human electrophysiology. These findings illuminate fundamental organizational principles of the higher order visual system that enable the rapid recognition and characterization of a variety of inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Woolnough
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School at UT Health Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, United States of America; Texas Institute for Restorative Neurotechnologies, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, United States of America
| | - Kiefer J Forseth
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School at UT Health Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, United States of America; Texas Institute for Restorative Neurotechnologies, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, United States of America
| | - Patrick S Rollo
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School at UT Health Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, United States of America; Texas Institute for Restorative Neurotechnologies, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, United States of America
| | - Zachary J Roccaforte
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School at UT Health Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, United States of America; Texas Institute for Restorative Neurotechnologies, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, United States of America
| | - Nitin Tandon
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School at UT Health Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, United States of America; Texas Institute for Restorative Neurotechnologies, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, United States of America; Memorial Hermann Hospital, Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX, 77030, United States of America.
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20
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Chen Q, Zhao J, Gu H, Li X. Inhibitory Control of Emotional Interference in Deaf Children: Evidence From Event-Related Potentials and Event-Related Spectral Perturbation Analysis. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:897595. [PMID: 35815005 PMCID: PMC9263210 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.897595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impairment of interference control ability may reflect a more general deficit in executive functioning, and lead to an increase in internal-externalized problems such as impulsivity, which has been reported in deaf children. However, few researches have examined the neural mechanism of this impairment. METHODS This study applied the electroencephalogram (EEG) technique to investigate the interference control ability in 31 deaf children and 28 hearing controls with emotional face-word stroop task. RESULTS Results from behavioral task showed that deaf children exhibited lower accuracy compared to hearing controls. As for EEG analysis, reduced activation of ERP components in N1 and enhanced activation of ERP components in N450 have been found in deaf children. Besides, incongruent condition elicited larger N450 than congruent condition. Furthermore, for brain oscillation, alpha band (600-800 ms) revealed a reduced desynchronization in deaf children, while theta band (200-400 ms) revealed an enhanced synchronization in deaf children and incongruent condition, which were in line with ERP components. CONCLUSION The present findings seem to indicate that the deficit during emotional interference control ability among deaf children might be due to the impaired attention allocation ability and emotional cognitive monitoring function during emotional conflict detection process. Consequently, reduced N1 and enhanced N450 might be due to early attention impairment causing more effort of deaf children later in emotional cognitive monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Chen
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Research Center for Children Mental and Behavioral Health, School of Psychology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.,Institute of Behavior and Psychology, School of Psychology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Junfeng Zhao
- Institute of Behavior and Psychology, School of Psychology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Huang Gu
- Institute of Behavior and Psychology, School of Psychology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
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21
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Cascade process mediated by left hippocampus and left superior frontal gyrus affects relationship between aging and cognitive dysfunction. BMC Neurosci 2021; 22:75. [PMID: 34876001 PMCID: PMC8650545 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-021-00680-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive function declines with age and has been shown to be associated with atrophy in some brain regions, including the prefrontal cortex. However, the details of the relationship between aging and cognitive dysfunction are not well understood. METHODS Across a wide range of ages (24- to 85-years-old), this research measured the gray matter volume of structural magnetic resonance imaging data in 39 participants, while some brain regions were set as mediator variables to assess the cascade process between aging and cognitive dysfunction in a path analysis. RESULTS Path analysis showed that age affected the left hippocampus, thereby directly affecting the left superior frontal gyrus. Furthermore, the gyrus directly affected higher order flexibility and maintenance abilities calculated as in the Wisconsin card sorting test, and the two abilities affected the assessment of general cognitive function. CONCLUSION Our finding suggests that a cascade process mediated by the left hippocampus and left superior frontal gyrus is involved in the relationship between aging and cognitive dysfunction.
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22
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Nikolin S, Tan YY, Martin D, Moffa A, Loo CK, Boonstra TW. Behavioural and neurophysiological differences in working memory function of depressed patients and healthy controls. J Affect Disord 2021; 295:559-568. [PMID: 34509071 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.08.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with deficits in working memory. Several cognitive subprocesses interact to produce working memory, including attention, encoding, maintenance and manipulation. We sought to clarify the contribution of functional deficits in these subprocesses in MDD by varying cognitive load during a working memory task. METHODS 41 depressed participants and 41 age and gender-matched healthy controls performed the n-back working memory task at three levels of difficulty (0-, 1-, and 2-back) in a pregistered study. We assessed response times, accuracy, and event-related electroencephalography (EEG), including P2 and P3 amplitudes, and frontal theta power (4-8 Hz). RESULTS MDD participants had prolonged response times and more positive frontal P3 amplitudes (i.e., Fz) relative to controls, mainly in the most difficult 2-back condition. Working memory accuracy, P2 amplitudes and frontal theta event-related synchronisation did not differ between groups at any level of task difficulty. CONCLUSIONS Depression is associated with generalized psychomotor slowing of working memory processes, and may involve compensatory hyperactivity in frontal and parietal regions. SIGNIFICANCE These findings provide insights into MDD working memory deficits, indicating that depressed individuals dedicate greater levels of cortical processing and cognitive resources to achieve comparable working memory performance to controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stevan Nikolin
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Black Dog Institute, Hospital Road, Sydney, Randwick NSW 2031, Australia.
| | - Yi Yin Tan
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Donel Martin
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Black Dog Institute, Hospital Road, Sydney, Randwick NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Adriano Moffa
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Colleen K Loo
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Black Dog Institute, Hospital Road, Sydney, Randwick NSW 2031, Australia; St. George Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tjeerd W Boonstra
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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23
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Van De Poll MN, van Swinderen B. Balancing Prediction and Surprise: A Role for Active Sleep at the Dawn of Consciousness? Front Syst Neurosci 2021; 15:768762. [PMID: 34803618 PMCID: PMC8602873 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2021.768762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain is a prediction machine. Yet the world is never entirely predictable, for any animal. Unexpected events are surprising, and this typically evokes prediction error signatures in mammalian brains. In humans such mismatched expectations are often associated with an emotional response as well, and emotional dysregulation can lead to cognitive disorders such as depression or schizophrenia. Emotional responses are understood to be important for memory consolidation, suggesting that positive or negative 'valence' cues more generally constitute an ancient mechanism designed to potently refine and generalize internal models of the world and thereby minimize prediction errors. On the other hand, abolishing error detection and surprise entirely (as could happen by generalization or habituation) is probably maladaptive, as this might undermine the very mechanism that brains use to become better prediction machines. This paradoxical view of brain function as an ongoing balance between prediction and surprise suggests a compelling approach to study and understand the evolution of consciousness in animals. In particular, this view may provide insight into the function and evolution of 'active' sleep. Here, we propose that active sleep - when animals are behaviorally asleep but their brain seems awake - is widespread beyond mammals and birds, and may have evolved as a mechanism for optimizing predictive processing in motile creatures confronted with constantly changing environments. To explore our hypothesis, we progress from humans to invertebrates, investigating how a potential role for rapid eye movement (REM) sleep in emotional regulation in humans could be re-examined as a conserved sleep function that co-evolved alongside selective attention to maintain an adaptive balance between prediction and surprise. This view of active sleep has some interesting implications for the evolution of subjective awareness and consciousness in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruno van Swinderen
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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24
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Heinbockel H, Quaedflieg CWEM, Schneider TR, Engel AK, Schwabe L. Stress enhances emotional memory-related theta oscillations in the medial temporal lobe. Neurobiol Stress 2021; 15:100383. [PMID: 34504907 PMCID: PMC8414174 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2021.100383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Stressful events impact memory formation, in particular for emotionally arousing stimuli. Although these stress effects on emotional memory formation have potentially far-reaching implications, the underlying neural mechanisms are not fully understood. Specifically, the temporal processing dimension of the mechanisms involved in emotional memory formation under stress remains elusive. Here, we used magnetoencephalography (MEG) to examine the neural processes underlying stress effects on emotional memory formation with high temporal and spatial resolution and a particular focus on theta oscillations previously implicated in mnemonic binding. Healthy participants (n = 53) underwent a stress or control procedure before encoding emotionally neutral and negative pictures, while MEG was recorded. Memory for the pictures was probed in a recognition test 24 h after encoding. In this recognition test, stress did not modulate the emotional memory enhancement but led to significantly higher confidence in memory for negative compared to neutral stimuli. Our neural data revealed that stress increased memory-related theta oscillations specifically in medial temporal and occipito-parietal regions. Further, this stress-related increase in theta power emerged during memory formation for emotionally negative but not for neutral stimuli. These findings indicate that acute stress can enhance, in the medial temporal lobe, oscillations at a frequency that is ideally suited to bind the elements of an ongoing emotional episode, which may represent a mechanism to facilitate the storage of emotionally salient events that occurred in the context of a stressful encounter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Heinbockel
- Department of Cognitive Psychology, Universität Hamburg, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Conny W E M Quaedflieg
- Department of Cognitive Psychology, Universität Hamburg, 20146, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6229 ER, the Netherlands
| | - Till R Schneider
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Andreas K Engel
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Lars Schwabe
- Department of Cognitive Psychology, Universität Hamburg, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
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25
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HajiHosseini A, Hutcherson CA. Alpha oscillations and event-related potentials reflect distinct dynamics of attribute construction and evidence accumulation in dietary decision making. eLife 2021; 10:60874. [PMID: 34263723 PMCID: PMC8318586 DOI: 10.7554/elife.60874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
How does regulatory focus alter attribute value construction (AVC) and evidence accumulation (EA)? We recorded electroencephalogram during food choices while participants responded naturally or regulated their choices by attending to health attributes or decreasing attention to taste attributes. Using a drift diffusion model, we predicted the time course of neural signals associated with AVC and EA. Results suggested that event-related potentials (ERPs) correlated with the time course of model-predicted taste-attribute signals, with no modulation by regulation. By contrast, suppression of frontal and occipital alpha power correlated with the time course of EA, tracked tastiness according to its goal relevance, and predicted individual variation in successful down-regulation of tastiness. Additionally, an earlier rise in frontal and occipital theta power represented food tastiness more strongly during regulation and predicted a weaker influence of food tastiness on behaviour. Our findings illuminate how regulation modifies the representation of attributes during the process of EA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh HajiHosseini
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Canada
| | - Cendri A Hutcherson
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Marketing, Rotman School of Management, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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26
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Xu S, Li Y, Liu J. The Neural Correlates of Computational Thinking: Collaboration of Distinct Cognitive Components Revealed by fMRI. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:5579-5597. [PMID: 34255837 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent technical advance attracts great attention to the promotion of programming skills, in particular, and computational thinking (CT), in general, as a new intellectual competency. However, the understanding of its cognitive substrates is limited. The present study used functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine the neural correlates of programming to understand the cognitive substrates of CT. Specifically, magnetic resonance imaging signals were collected while the participants were mentally solving programming problems, and we found that CT recruited distributed cortical regions, including the posterior parietal cortex, the medial frontal cortex, and the left lateral frontal cortex. These regions showed extensive univariate and multivariate resemblance with arithmetic, reasoning, and spatial cognition tasks. Based on the resemblance, clustering analyses revealed that cortical regions involved in CT can be divided into Reasoning, Calculation, Visuospatial, and Shared components. Further, connectivity increased during programming within the CT network constructed by these four components and decreased between the CT network and other cortical regions. In sum, our study revealed the cognitive components underlying CT and their neural correlates and further suggests that CT is not a simple sum of parallel cognitive processes, but a composite cognitive process integrating a set of intellectual abilities, particularly those in the science, technology, engineering, and math domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Xu
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yan Li
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Psychology, Tsinghua Laboratory of Brain and Intelligence, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100086, China
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27
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Yu W, Wu X, Chen Y, Liang Z, Jiang J, Misrani A, Su Y, Peng Y, Chen J, Tang B, Sun M, Long C, Shen J, Yang L. Pelvic Pain Alters Functional Connectivity Between Anterior Cingulate Cortex and Hippocampus in Both Humans and a Rat Model. Front Syst Neurosci 2021; 15:642349. [PMID: 34149369 PMCID: PMC8210850 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2021.642349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and hippocampus (HIPP) are two key brain regions associated with pain and pain-related affective processing. However, whether and how pelvic pain alters the neural activity and connectivity of the ACC and HIPP under baseline and during social pain, and the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms, remain unclear. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) combined with electrophysiology and biochemistry, we show that pelvic pain, particularly, primary dysmenorrhea (PDM), causes an increase in the functional connectivity between ACC and HIPP in resting-state fMRI, and a smaller reduction in connectivity during social exclusion in PDM females with periovulatory phase. Similarly, model rats demonstrate significantly increased ACC-HIPP synchronization in the gamma band, associating with reduced modulation by ACC-theta on HIPP-gamma and increased levels of receptor proteins and excitation. This study brings together human fMRI and animal research and enables improved therapeutic strategies for ameliorating pain and pain-related affective processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Yu
- Precise Genome Engineering Center, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,College of Education, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunan Chen
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiying Liang
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinxiang Jiang
- Precise Genome Engineering Center, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Afzal Misrani
- Precise Genome Engineering Center, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun Su
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yigang Peng
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Chen
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Binliang Tang
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengyao Sun
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Long
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Shen
- Department of Radiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Yang
- Precise Genome Engineering Center, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
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28
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Abstract
This study investigated emoji semantic processing by measuring changes in event-related electroencephalogram (EEG) power. The last segment of experimental sentences was designed as either words or emojis consistent or inconsistent with the sentential context. The results showed that incongruent emojis led to a conspicuous increase of theta power (4–7 Hz), while incongruent words induced a decrease. Furthermore, the theta power increase was observed at midfrontal, occipital and bilateral temporal lobes with emojis. This suggests a higher working memory load for monitoring errors, difficulty of form recognition and concept retrieval in emoji semantic processing. It implies different neuro-cognitive processes involved in the semantic processing of emojis and words.
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29
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Xie Y, Li Y, Duan H, Xu X, Zhang W, Fang P. Theta Oscillations and Source Connectivity During Complex Audiovisual Object Encoding in Working Memory. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:614950. [PMID: 33762914 PMCID: PMC7982740 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.614950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Working memory is a limited capacity memory system that involves the short-term storage and processing of information. Neuroscientific studies of working memory have mostly focused on the essential roles of neural oscillations during item encoding from single sensory modalities (e.g., visual and auditory). However, the characteristics of neural oscillations during multisensory encoding in working memory are rarely studied. Our study investigated the oscillation characteristics of neural signals in scalp electrodes and mapped functional brain connectivity while participants encoded complex audiovisual objects in a working memory task. Experimental results showed that theta oscillations (4–8 Hz) were prominent and topographically distributed across multiple cortical regions, including prefrontal (e.g., superior frontal gyrus), parietal (e.g., precuneus), temporal (e.g., inferior temporal gyrus), and occipital (e.g., cuneus) cortices. Furthermore, neural connectivity at the theta oscillation frequency was significant in these cortical regions during audiovisual object encoding compared with single modality object encoding. These results suggest that local oscillations and interregional connectivity via theta activity play an important role during audiovisual object encoding and may contribute to the formation of working memory traces from multisensory items.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjun Xie
- School of Education, Xin Yang College, Xinyang, China.,Department of Radiology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- School of Education, Xin Yang College, Xinyang, China
| | - Haidan Duan
- School of Education, Xin Yang College, Xinyang, China
| | - Xiliang Xu
- School of Education, Xin Yang College, Xinyang, China
| | - Wenmo Zhang
- Department of Fundamental, Army Logistical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Social Medicine and Health and Management, College of Military Preventive Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Fang
- Department of Military Medical Psychology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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30
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Salimi M, Ghazvineh S, Nazari M, Dehdar K, Garousi M, Zare M, Tabasi F, Jamaati H, Salimi A, Barkley V, Mirnajafi-Zadeh J, Raoufy MR. Allergic rhinitis impairs working memory in association with drop of hippocampal - Prefrontal coupling. Brain Res 2021; 1758:147368. [PMID: 33582121 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a chronic inflammatory disease frequently associated with a deficit in learning and memory. Working memory is an important system for decision making and guidance, which depends on interactions between the ventral hippocampus (vHipp) and the prelimbic prefrontal cortex (plPFC). It is still unclear whether AR influences the activity and coupling of these brain areas, which consequently may impair working memory. The current study aimed to examine alterations of the vHipp-plPFC circuit in a rat model of AR. Our results show decreased working memory performance in AR animals, accompanied by a reduction of theta and gamma oscillations in plPFC. Also, AR reduces coherence between vHipp and plPFC in both theta and gamma frequency bands. Cross-frequency coupling analyses confirmed a reduced interaction between hippocampal theta and plPFC gamma oscillations. Granger causality analysis revealed a reduction in the causal effects of vHipp activity on plPFC oscillations and vice versa. A significant correlation was found between working memory performance with disruption of functional connectivity in AR animals. In summary, our data show that in AR, there is a deficit of functional coupling between hippocampal and prefrontal network, and suggest that this mechanism might contribute to working memory impairment in individuals with AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Salimi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran; Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Ghazvineh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Nazari
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kolsoum Dehdar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mani Garousi
- Department of Electrical and Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Meysam Zare
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Tabasi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran; Institute for Brain Sciences and Cognition, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Jamaati
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Salimi
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Victoria Barkley
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Javad Mirnajafi-Zadeh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran; Institute for Brain Sciences and Cognition, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Raoufy
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran; Institute for Brain Sciences and Cognition, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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31
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Jin X, Lu Y, Hatfield BD, Wang X, Wang B, Zhou C. Ballroom dancers exhibit a dispositional need for arousal and elevated cerebral cortical activity during preferred melodic recall. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10658. [PMID: 33520454 PMCID: PMC7811281 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although the association of human temperament and preference has been studied previously, few investigations have examined cerebral cortical activation to assess brain dynamics associated with the motivation to engage in performance. The present study adopted a personality and cognitive neuroscience approach to investigate if participation in ballroom dancing is associated with sensation-seeking temperament and elevated cerebral cortical arousal during freely chosen musical recall. Methods Preferred tempo, indicated by tapping speed during melodic recall, and a measure of fundamental disposition or temperament were assessed in 70 ballroom dancers and 71 nondancers. All participants completed a trait personality inventory (i.e., the Chen Huichang 60 Temperaments Inventory) to determine four primary types: choleric, sanguine, phlegmatic and melancholic. Participants separately recalled their favorite musical piece and tapped to it with their index finger for 40 beats using a computer keyboard. A subset of 59 participants (29 ballroom dancers and 30 nondancers) also repeated the same tapping task while electroencephalographic (EEG) activity was recorded. Results The results revealed that the dancers were more extraverted, indicative of a heightened need for arousal, exhibited a preference for faster musical tempo, and exhibited elevated EEG beta power during the musical recall task relative to nondancers. Paradoxically, dancers also showed elevated introversion (i.e., melancholic score) relative to nondancers, which can be resolved by consideration of interactional personality theory if one assumes reasonably that dance performance environment is perceived in a stimulating manner. Conclusion The results are generally consistent with arousal theory, and suggest that ballroom dancers seek elevated stimulation and, thereby, choose to engage with active and energetic rhythmic auditory stimulation, thus providing the nervous system with the requisite stimulation for desired arousal. These results also suggest an underlying predisposition for engagement in ballroom dance and support the gravitational hypothesis, which propose that personality traits and perception lead to the motivation to engage in specific forms of human performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhong Jin
- School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingzhi Lu
- School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Bradley D Hatfield
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.,Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Biye Wang
- Department of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Chenglin Zhou
- School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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32
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Lenck-Santini PP, Sakkaki S. Alterations of Neuronal Dynamics as a Mechanism for Cognitive Impairment in Epilepsy. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2021; 55:65-106. [PMID: 33454922 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2020_193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is commonly associated with cognitive and behavioral deficits that dramatically affect the quality of life of patients. In order to identify novel therapeutic strategies aimed at reducing these deficits, it is critical first to understand the mechanisms leading to cognitive impairments in epilepsy. Traditionally, seizures and epileptiform activity in addition to neuronal injury have been considered to be the most significant contributors to cognitive dysfunction. In this review we however highlight the role of a new mechanism: alterations of neuronal dynamics, i.e. the timing at which neurons and networks receive and process neural information. These alterations, caused by the underlying etiologies of epilepsy syndromes, are observed in both animal models and patients in the form of abnormal oscillation patterns in unit firing, local field potentials, and electroencephalogram (EEG). Evidence suggests that such mechanisms significantly contribute to cognitive impairment in epilepsy, independently of seizures and interictal epileptiform activity. Therefore, therapeutic strategies directly targeting neuronal dynamics rather than seizure reduction may significantly benefit the quality of life of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Pascal Lenck-Santini
- Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM, INMED, Marseille, France. .,Department of Neurological sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
| | - Sophie Sakkaki
- Department of Neurological sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.,Université de. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, IGF, Montpellier, France
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33
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Arski ON, Young JM, Smith ML, Ibrahim GM. The Oscillatory Basis of Working Memory Function and Dysfunction in Epilepsy. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 14:612024. [PMID: 33584224 PMCID: PMC7874181 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.612024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Working memory (WM) deficits are pervasive co-morbidities of epilepsy. Although the pathophysiological mechanisms underpinning these impairments remain elusive, it is thought that WM depends on oscillatory interactions within and between nodes of large-scale functional networks. These include the hippocampus and default mode network as well as the prefrontal cortex and frontoparietal central executive network. Here, we review the functional roles of neural oscillations in subserving WM and the putative mechanisms by which epilepsy disrupts normative activity, leading to aberrant oscillatory signatures. We highlight the particular role of interictal epileptic activity, including interictal epileptiform discharges and high frequency oscillations (HFOs) in WM deficits. We also discuss the translational opportunities presented by greater understanding of the oscillatory basis of WM function and dysfunction in epilepsy, including potential targets for neuromodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia N. Arski
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Program in Neuroscience and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Julia M. Young
- Program in Neuroscience and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mary-Lou Smith
- Program in Neuroscience and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - George M. Ibrahim
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Program in Neuroscience and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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34
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Gilleen J, Nottage J, Yakub F, Kerins S, Valdearenas L, Uz T, Lahu G, Tsai M, Ogrinc F, Williams SC, Ffytche D, Mehta MA, Shergill SS. The effects of roflumilast, a phosphodiesterase type-4 inhibitor, on EEG biomarkers in schizophrenia: A randomised controlled trial. J Psychopharmacol 2021; 35:15-22. [PMID: 32854568 DOI: 10.1177/0269881120946300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with schizophrenia have significant cognitive deficits, which may profoundly impair quality of life. These deficits are also evident at the neurophysiological level with patients demonstrating altered event-related potential in several stages of cognitive processing compared to healthy controls; within the auditory domain, for example, there are replicated alterations in Mismatch Negativity, P300 and Auditory Steady State Response. However, there are no approved pharmacological treatments for cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. AIMS Here we examine whether the phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor, roflumilast, can improve neurophysiological deficits in schizophrenia. METHODS Using a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design study in 18 patients with schizophrenia, the effect of the phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor, roflumilast (100 µg and 250 µg) on auditory steady state response (early stage), mismatch negativity and theta (intermediate stage) and P300 (late stage) was examined using electroencephalogram. A total of 18 subjects were randomised and included in the analysis. RESULTS Roflumilast 250 µg significantly enhanced the amplitude of both the mismatch negativity (p=0.04) and working memory-related theta oscillations (p=0.02) compared to placebo but not in the other (early- or late-stage) cognitive markers. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that phosphodiesterase-4 inhibition, with roflumilast, can improve electroencephalogram cognitive markers, which are impaired in schizophrenia, and that phosphodiesterase-4 inhibition acts at an intermediate rather than early or late cognitive processing stage. This study also underlines the use of neurophysiological measures as cognitive biomarkers in experimental medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Gilleen
- Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK.,Department of Psychology, University of Roehampton, London, UK
| | - Judith Nottage
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Farah Yakub
- Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Sarah Kerins
- Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Lorena Valdearenas
- Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK.,South London and Maudsley Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,North Middlesex University Hospital, Barnet, Enfield and Haringey Mental Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Tolga Uz
- Takeda Development Center Americas, Deerfield, USA
| | - Gez Lahu
- Takeda Development Center Americas, Deerfield, USA
| | - Max Tsai
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Frank Ogrinc
- Takeda Development Center Americas, Deerfield, USA
| | - Steve C Williams
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Dominic Ffytche
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Mitul A Mehta
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Sukhi S Shergill
- Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, UK
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35
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Semprini M, Bonassi G, Barban F, Pelosin E, Iandolo R, Chiappalone M, Mantini D, Avanzino L. Modulation of neural oscillations during working memory update, maintenance, and readout: An hdEEG study. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 42:1153-1166. [PMID: 33200500 PMCID: PMC7856639 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Working memory (WM) performance is very often measured using the n‐back task, in which the participant is presented with a sequence of stimuli, and required to indicate whether the current stimulus matches the one presented n steps earlier. In this study, we used high‐density electroencephalography (hdEEG) coupled to source localization to obtain information on spatial distribution and temporal dynamics of neural oscillations associated with WM update, maintenance and readout. Specifically, we a priori selected regions from a large fronto‐parietal network, including also the insula and the cerebellum, and we analyzed modulation of neural oscillations by event‐related desynchronization and synchronization (ERD/ERS). During update and readout, we found larger θ ERS and smaller β ERS respect to maintenance in all the selected areas. γLOW and γHIGH bands oscillations decreased in the frontal and insular cortices of the left hemisphere. In the maintenance phase we observed decreased θ oscillations and increased β oscillations (ERS) in most of the selected posterior areas and focally increased oscillations in γLOW and γHIGH bands in the frontal and insular cortices of the left hemisphere. Finally, during WM readout, we also found a focal modulation of the γLOW band in the left fusiform cortex and cerebellum, depending on the response trial type (true positive vs. true negative). Overall, our study demonstrated specific spectral signatures associated with updating of memory information, WM maintenance, and readout, with relatively high spatial resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gaia Bonassi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Federico Barban
- Rehab Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy.,Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and System Engineering, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Elisa Pelosin
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, IRCCS, Genoa, Italy
| | - Riccardo Iandolo
- Rehab Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Dante Mantini
- Research Center for Motor Control and Neuroplasticity, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Brain Imaging and Neural Dynamics Research Group, IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, Venice, Italy
| | - Laura Avanzino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, IRCCS, Genoa, Italy
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36
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Kratzke IM, Campbell A, Yefimov MN, Mosaly PR, Adapa K, Meltzer-Brody S, Farrell TM, Mazur LM. Pilot Study Using Neurofeedback as a Tool to Reduce Surgical Resident Burnout. J Am Coll Surg 2020; 232:74-80. [PMID: 33022395 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2020.08.762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burnout is prevalent among surgical residents. Neurofeedback is a technique to train the brain in self-regulation skills. We aimed to assess the impact of neurofeedback on the cognitive workload and personal growth areas of surgery residents with burnout and depression. STUDY DESIGN Fifteen surgical residents with burnout (Maslach Burnout Inventory [MBI] score > 27) and depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 Depression Screen [PHQ-9] score >10), from 1 academic institution, were enrolled and participated in this institutional review board-approved prospective study. Ten residents with more severe burnout and depression scores were assigned to receive 8 weeks of neurofeedback treatments, and 5 others with less severe symptoms were treated as controls. Each participant's cognitive workload (or mental effort) was assessed initially, and again after treatment via electroencephalogram (EEG) while the subjects performed n-back working memory tasks. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) tested for significance between the degree of change in the treatment and control groups. Each subject was also asked to rate changes in growth areas, such as sleep and stress. RESULTS Both groups showed high cognitive workload in the pre-assessment. After the neurofeedback intervention, the treatment group showed a significant (p < 0.01) improvement in cognitive workload via EEG during the working memory task. These differences were not noted in the control group. There was significant correlation between time (NFB sessions) and average improvement in all growth areas (r = 0.98) CONCLUSIONS: Residents demonstrated high levels of burnout, correlating with EEG patterns indicative of post-traumatic stress disorder. There was a notable change in cognitive workload after the neurofeedback treatment, suggesting a return to a more efficient neural network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian M Kratzke
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC.
| | - Alana Campbell
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Mae N Yefimov
- Neurocognition and Imaging Research Lab, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Prithima R Mosaly
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Karthik Adapa
- Division of Healthcare Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | - Timothy M Farrell
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Lukasz M Mazur
- Division of Healthcare Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
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Abstract
Neural oscillations play an important role in the integration and segregation of brain regions that are important for brain functions, including pain. Disturbances in oscillatory activity are associated with several disease states, including chronic pain. Studies of neural oscillations related to pain have identified several functional bands, especially alpha, beta, and gamma bands, implicated in nociceptive processing. In this review, we introduce several properties of neural oscillations that are important to understand the role of brain oscillations in nociceptive processing. We also discuss the role of neural oscillations in the maintenance of efficient communication in the brain. Finally, we discuss the role of neural oscillations in healthy and chronic pain nociceptive processing. These data and concepts illustrate the key role of regional and interregional neural oscillations in nociceptive processing underlying acute and chronic pains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junseok A. Kim
- Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour, Krembil Brain Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karen D. Davis
- Division of Brain, Imaging and Behaviour, Krembil Brain Institute, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Keshmiri S. Entropy and the Brain: An Overview. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 22:E917. [PMID: 33286686 PMCID: PMC7597158 DOI: 10.3390/e22090917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Entropy is a powerful tool for quantification of the brain function and its information processing capacity. This is evident in its broad domain of applications that range from functional interactivity between the brain regions to quantification of the state of consciousness. A number of previous reviews summarized the use of entropic measures in neuroscience. However, these studies either focused on the overall use of nonlinear analytical methodologies for quantification of the brain activity or their contents pertained to a particular area of neuroscientific research. The present study aims at complementing these previous reviews in two ways. First, by covering the literature that specifically makes use of entropy for studying the brain function. Second, by highlighting the three fields of research in which the use of entropy has yielded highly promising results: the (altered) state of consciousness, the ageing brain, and the quantification of the brain networks' information processing. In so doing, the present overview identifies that the use of entropic measures for the study of consciousness and its (altered) states led the field to substantially advance the previous findings. Moreover, it realizes that the use of these measures for the study of the ageing brain resulted in significant insights on various ways that the process of ageing may affect the dynamics and information processing capacity of the brain. It further reveals that their utilization for analysis of the brain regional interactivity formed a bridge between the previous two research areas, thereby providing further evidence in support of their results. It concludes by highlighting some potential considerations that may help future research to refine the use of entropic measures for the study of brain complexity and its function. The present study helps realize that (despite their seemingly differing lines of inquiry) the study of consciousness, the ageing brain, and the brain networks' information processing are highly interrelated. Specifically, it identifies that the complexity, as quantified by entropy, is a fundamental property of conscious experience, which also plays a vital role in the brain's capacity for adaptation and therefore whose loss by ageing constitutes a basis for diseases and disorders. Interestingly, these two perspectives neatly come together through the association of entropy and the brain capacity for information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheil Keshmiri
- The Thomas N. Sato BioMEC-X Laboratories, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International (ATR), Kyoto 619-0237, Japan
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39
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Wang K, Cai G, Huang S, Li Y, Li R, Wu W. Performance of healthy persons under pain in different cognitive load tasks: An event-related potential study on experimental pain individuals. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01713. [PMID: 32558280 PMCID: PMC7428486 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to determine how brain activities underlying task with different cognitive load would be modulated by the painful state using electroencephalography. METHODS The pain state was established by spraying capsaicin on subjects' left inner forearm. A total of 20 experimental pain subjects and 20 matched nonpain controls underwent cognitive tasks with electroencephalogram recording. We collected and analyzed behavioral and event-related potential (ERP) data. RESULTS High cognitive tasks exhibited significantly longer response times and lower accuracies than low-load tasks. The experimental pain group displayed a significantly lower accuracy than the control group. In addition, the experimental pain group showed no significance between high and low cognitive tasks in early ERP components (amplitude of N1, P2, N2, and early part of late positive potential), whereas the control group exhibited significance between different load tasks. Furthermore, we observed a delay peak energy for delta and theta oscillation in Fz 500-800 ms after the onset for pain persons and high cognitive load tasks. CONCLUSIONS Inadequate early attention modulation, along with delayed peak energy for brain oscillation (delta and theta), could be accountable for a worse performance in cognitive tasks in the experimental pain group. Thus, cognitive load is a highly considerable factor. Overall, this study offers more insights into how healthy population works with cognitive tasks under pain neurologically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangling Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation MedicineZhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Guiyuan Cai
- Department of Rehabilitation MedicineZhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Shimin Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation MedicineZhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yuqi Li
- Department of Rehabilitation MedicineZhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Rongdong Li
- Department of Rehabilitation MedicineZhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Wen Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation MedicineZhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
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40
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Useros Olmo AI, Periañez JA, Martínez-Pernía D, Miangolarra Page JC. Effects of spatial working memory in balance during dual tasking in traumatic brain injury and healthy controls. Brain Inj 2020; 34:1159-1167. [PMID: 32658560 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2020.1792984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this research was to assess cognitive-motor interactions though dual tasks of working memory in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and control subjects. Methods: Twenty patients with chronic TBI with good functional level and 19 matched healthy controls performed dual working memory tasks (1-back numeric and 1-back spatial (S)) while sitting, standing, and walking. The center of pressure (COP) displacement amplitude, cadence, and error percentage (PER) were recorded as dependent variables. Results: The results revealed main effects of Group (TBI, controls) (p = .011) and Task factors (Single, Dual Standing 1-back, Dual Standing 1-back (S); p = .0001) for the COP. Patients showed greater displacement than controls (p = .011), and an analysis of the Task factor showed a minor displacement for the dual 1-back (S) task compared with the 1-back and single task (p = .002 and p = .001, respectively). Conclusions: Postural control during both standing and walking improved during performance of the spatial working memory task. In the dual task, both patients and controls showed a postural prioritization as an adaptive response to the increase in cognitive demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Isabel Useros Olmo
- Department of Physiotherapy, Motion in Brains Research Group, Instituto de Neurociencias y Ciencias del Movimiento, Centro Superior de Estudios Universitarios la Salle, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , Spain.,Hospital Beata María Ana, Unidad de daño Cerebral , Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose A Periañez
- Department Experimental Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid , Madrid, Spain
| | - David Martínez-Pernía
- Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Universidad , Santiago, Chile.,Geroscience Center for Brain Health and Metabolism (GERO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile , Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Carlos Miangolarra Page
- Universidad de Medicina Física y Rehabilitación de la Universidad Rey Juan Carlos , Madrid, Spain.,Servicio de Medicina Física y Rehabilitación del Hospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada , Madrid, Spain.,Consejería de Salud, Comunidad de Madrid, Servicio Madrileño de Salud (SERMAS) , Madrid, Spain.,de la Universidad Rey Juan Carlos , Madrid, Spain
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41
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Katz CN, Patel K, Talakoub O, Groppe D, Hoffman K, Valiante TA. Differential Generation of Saccade, Fixation, and Image-Onset Event-Related Potentials in the Human Mesial Temporal Lobe. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:5502-5516. [PMID: 32494805 PMCID: PMC7472212 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Event-related potentials (ERPs) are a commonly used electrophysiological signature for studying mesial temporal lobe (MTL) function during visual memory tasks. The ERPs associated with the onset of visual stimuli (image-onset) and eye movements (saccades and fixations) provide insights into the mechanisms of their generation. We hypothesized that since eye movements and image-onset provide MTL structures with salient visual information, perhaps they both engage similar neural mechanisms. To explore this question, we used intracranial electroencephalographic data from the MTLs of 11 patients with medically refractory epilepsy who participated in a visual search task. We characterized the electrophysiological responses of MTL structures to saccades, fixations, and image-onset. We demonstrated that the image-onset response is an evoked/additive response with a low-frequency power increase. In contrast, ERPs following eye movements appeared to arise from phase resetting of higher frequencies than the image-onset ERP. Intriguingly, this reset was associated with saccade onset and not termination (fixation), suggesting it is likely the MTL response to a corollary discharge, rather than a response to visual stimulation. We discuss the distinct mechanistic underpinnings of these responses which shed light on the underlying neural circuitry involved in visual memory processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaim N Katz
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON M5T 1M8, Canada.,Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Kramay Patel
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON M5T 1M8, Canada.,Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Omid Talakoub
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON M5T 1M8, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - David Groppe
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON M5T 1M8, Canada
| | - Kari Hoffman
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Taufik A Valiante
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON M5T 1M8, Canada.,Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada.,Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada.,Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.,Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G4, Canada
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Sustained Visual Priming Effects Can Emerge from Attentional Oscillation and Temporal Expectation. J Neurosci 2020; 40:3657-3674. [PMID: 32253359 PMCID: PMC7189757 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2539-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Priming refers to the influence that a previously encountered object exerts on future responses to similar objects. For many years, visual priming has been known as a facilitation and sometimes an inhibition effect that lasts for an extended period of time. It contrasts with the recent finding of an oscillated priming effect where facilitation and inhibition alternate over time periodically. Here we developed a computational model of visual priming that combines rhythmic sampling of the environment (attentional oscillation) with active preparation for future events (temporal expectation). Counterintuitively, it shows that both the sustained and oscillated priming effects can emerge from an interaction between attentional oscillation and temporal expectation. The interaction also leads to novel predictions, such as the change of visual priming effects with temporal expectation and attentional oscillation. Reanalysis of two published datasets and the results of two new experiments of visual priming tasks with male and female human participants provide support for the model's relevance to human behavior. More generally, our model offers a new perspective that may unify the increasing findings of behavioral and neural oscillations with the classic findings in visual perception and attention. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT There is increasing behavioral and neural evidence that visual attention is a periodic process that sequentially samples different alternatives in the theta frequency range. It contrasts with the classic findings of sustained facilitatory or inhibitory attention effects. How can an oscillatory perceptual process give rise to sustained attention effects? Here we make this connection by proposing a computational model for a “fruit fly” visual priming task and showing both the sustained and oscillated priming effects can have the same origin: an interaction between rhythmic sampling of the environment and active preparation for future events. One unique contribution of our model is to predict how temporal contexts affects priming. It also opens up the possibility of reinterpreting other attention-related classic phenomena.
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Keshmiri S, Alimardani M, Shiomi M, Sumioka H, Ishiguro H, Hiraki K. Higher hypnotic suggestibility is associated with the lower EEG signal variability in theta, alpha, and beta frequency bands. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230853. [PMID: 32271781 PMCID: PMC7145105 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Variation of information in the firing rate of neural population, as reflected in different frequency bands of electroencephalographic (EEG) time series, provides direct evidence for change in neural responses of the brain to hypnotic suggestibility. However, realization of an effective biomarker for spiking behaviour of neural population proves to be an elusive subject matter with its impact evident in highly contrasting results in the literature. In this article, we took an information-theoretic stance on analysis of the EEG time series of the brain activity during hypnotic suggestions, thereby capturing the variability in pattern of brain neural activity in terms of its information content. For this purpose, we utilized differential entropy (DE, i.e., the average information content in a continuous time series) of theta, alpha, and beta frequency bands of fourteen-channel EEG time series recordings that pertain to the brain neural responses of twelve carefully selected high and low hypnotically suggestible individuals. Our results show that the higher hypnotic suggestibility is associated with a significantly lower variability in information content of theta, alpha, and beta frequencies. Moreover, they indicate that such a lower variability is accompanied by a significantly higher functional connectivity (FC, a measure of spatiotemporal synchronization) in the parietal and the parieto-occipital regions in the case of theta and alpha frequency bands and a non-significantly lower FC in the central region's beta frequency band. Our results contribute to the field in two ways. First, they identify the applicability of DE as a unifying measure to reproduce the similar observations that are separately reported through adaptation of different hypnotic biomarkers in the literature. Second, they extend these previous findings that were based on neutral hypnosis (i.e., a hypnotic procedure that involves no specific suggestions other than those for becoming hypnotized) to the case of hypnotic suggestions, thereby identifying their presence as a potential signature of hypnotic experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheil Keshmiri
- Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International (ATR), Kyoto, Japan
| | - Maryam Alimardani
- Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International (ATR), Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Cognitive Science and Artificial Intelligence, Tilburg University, the Netherlands
| | - Masahiro Shiomi
- Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International (ATR), Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hidenobu Sumioka
- Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International (ATR), Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ishiguro
- Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International (ATR), Kyoto, Japan
- Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Kazuo Hiraki
- Department of General Systems Studies, Tokyo University, Japan
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Savage SW, Potter DD, Tatler BW. The effects of cognitive distraction on behavioural, oculomotor and electrophysiological metrics during a driving hazard perception task. ACCIDENT; ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION 2020; 138:105469. [PMID: 32113007 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2020.105469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Previous research has demonstrated that the distraction caused by holding a mobile telephone conversation is not limited to the period of the actual conversation (Haigney, 1995; Redelmeier & Tibshirani, 1997; Savage et al., 2013). In a prior study we identified potential eye movement and EEG markers of cognitive distraction during driving hazard perception. However the extent to which these markers are affected by the demands of the hazard perception task are unclear. Therefore in the current study we assessed the effects of secondary cognitive task demand on eye movement and EEG metrics separately for periods prior to, during and after the hazard was visible. We found that when no hazard was present (prior and post hazard windows), distraction resulted in changes to various elements of saccadic eye movements. However, when the target was present, distraction did not affect eye movements. We have previously found evidence that distraction resulted in an overall decrease in theta band output at occipital sites of the brain. This was interpreted as evidence that distraction results in a reduction in visual processing. The current study confirmed this by examining the effects of distraction on the lambda response component of subjects eye fixation related potentials (EFRPs). Furthermore, we demonstrated that although detections of hazards were not affected by distraction, both eye movement and EEG metrics prior to the onset of the hazard were sensitive to changes in cognitive workload. This suggests that changes to specific aspects of the saccadic eye movement system could act as unobtrusive markers of distraction even prior to a breakdown in driving performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven W Savage
- Schepens Eye Research Institute, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, 20 Staniford Street, 02114, Boston, MA, USA.
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Video games as rich environments to foster brain plasticity. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2020; 168:117-136. [PMID: 32164847 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63934-9.00010-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This chapter highlights the key role of two main factors, attentional control and reward processing, in unlocking brain plasticity. We first review the evidence for the role that each of these mechanisms plays in neuroplasticity, and then make the case that tools and technologies that combine these two are likely to result in maximal and broad, generalized benefits. In this context, we review the evidence concerning the impact of video game play on brain plasticity, with an eye toward plasticity-driving methods such as the seamless integration of neurofeedback into the video game platforms.
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Herweg NA, Solomon EA, Kahana MJ. Theta Oscillations in Human Memory. Trends Cogn Sci 2020; 24:208-227. [PMID: 32029359 PMCID: PMC8310425 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2019.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Theta frequency (4-8 Hz) fluctuations of the local field potential have long been implicated in learning and memory. Human studies of episodic memory, however, have provided mixed evidence for theta's role in successful learning and remembering. Re-evaluating these conflicting findings leads us to conclude that: (i) successful memory is associated both with increased narrow-band theta oscillations and a broad-band tilt of the power spectrum; (ii) theta oscillations specifically support associative memory, whereas the spectral tilt reflects a general index of activation; and (iii) different cognitive contrasts (generalized versus specific to memory), recording techniques (invasive versus noninvasive), and referencing schemes (local versus global) alter the balance between the two phenomena to make one or the other more easily detectable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora A Herweg
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ethan A Solomon
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael J Kahana
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Foster PP, Baldwin CL, Thompson JC, Espeseth T, Jiang X, Greenwood PM. Editorial: Cognitive and Brain Aging: Interventions to Promote Well-Being in Old Age. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:268. [PMID: 31680930 PMCID: PMC6803512 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Philip P Foster
- Pulmonary Section, Department of Medicine, Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas, Houston, TX, United States.,Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Houston-Clear Lake, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | | | | | - Xiong Jiang
- Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States
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Bidirectional optogenetic modulation of prefrontal-hippocampal connectivity in pain-related working memory deficits. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10980. [PMID: 31358862 PMCID: PMC6662802 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47555-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of the prefrontal-hippocampal circuit has been identified as a leading cause to pain-related working-memory (WM) deficits. However, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly determined. To address this issue, we implanted multichannel arrays of electrodes in the prelimbic cortex (PL-mPFC), and in the dorsal hippocampal CA1 field (dCA1) to record the neural activity during the performance of a delayed non-match to sample (DNMS) task. The prefrontal-hippocampal connectivity was selectively modulated by bidirectional optogenetic inhibition or stimulation of local PL-mPFC glutamatergic calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase-II alpha (CaMKIIα) expressing neurons during the DNMS task delay-period. The within-subject behavioral performance was assessed using a persistent neuropathic pain model – spared nerve injury (SNI). Our results showed that the induction of the neuropathic pain condition affects the interplay between PL-mPFC and dCA1 regions in a frequency-dependent manner, and that occurs particularly across theta oscillations while rats performed the task. In SNI-treated rats, this disruption was reversed by the selective optogenetic inhibition of PL-mPFC CaMKIIα-expressing neurons during the last portion of the delay-period, but without any significant effect on pain responses. Finally, we found that prefrontal-hippocampal theta connectivity is strictly associated with higher performance levels. Together, our findings suggest that PL-mPFC CaMKIIα-expressing neurons could be modulated by painful conditions and their activity may be critical for prefrontal-hippocampal connectivity during WM processing.
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Doucet G, Gulli RA, Corrigan BW, Duong LR, Martinez-Trujillo JC. Modulation of local field potentials and neuronal activity in primate hippocampus during saccades. Hippocampus 2019; 30:192-209. [PMID: 31339193 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Primates use saccades to gather information about objects and their relative spatial arrangement, a process essential for visual perception and memory. It has been proposed that signals linked to saccades reset the phase of local field potential (LFP) oscillations in the hippocampus, providing a temporal window for visual signals to activate neurons in this region and influence memory formation. We investigated this issue by measuring hippocampal LFPs and spikes in two macaques performing different tasks with unconstrained eye movements. We found that LFP phase clustering (PC) in the alpha/beta (8-16 Hz) frequencies followed foveation onsets, while PC in frequencies lower than 8 Hz followed spontaneous saccades, even on a homogeneous background. Saccades to a solid grey background were not followed by increases in local neuronal firing, whereas saccades toward appearing visual stimuli were. Finally, saccade parameters correlated with LFPs phase and amplitude: saccade direction correlated with delta (≤4 Hz) phase, and saccade amplitude with theta (4-8 Hz) power. Our results suggest that signals linked to saccades reach the hippocampus, producing synchronization of delta/theta LFPs without a general activation of local neurons. Moreover, some visual inputs co-occurring with saccades produce LFP synchronization in the alpha/beta bands and elevated neuronal firing. Our findings support the hypothesis that saccade-related signals enact sensory input-dependent plasticity and therefore memory formation in the primate hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Doucet
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roberto A Gulli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Benjamin W Corrigan
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lyndon R Duong
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York
| | - Julio C Martinez-Trujillo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.,Brain and Mind Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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50
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Synchronous firing frequency dependence in unidirectional coupled neuronal networks with chemical synapses. Neurocomputing 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucom.2019.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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