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Liu MQ, Xue C, Li XH, Ding HQ, Zhang MY, Chen K, Li Y, Gao SZ, Xu XJ, Zhang WN. Mutation of the attractin gene impairs working memory in rats. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e2876. [PMID: 36621889 PMCID: PMC9927853 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Attractin (ATRN) is a widely expressed member of the cell adhesion and guidance protein family in humans that is closely related to cellular immunity and neurodevelopment. However, while previous studies in our laboratory have confirmed the effect of ATRN mutations on long-term memory, its specific role and the molecular mechanism by which it influences spatial cognition are poorly understood. METHODS This study aimed to examine the effect of ATRN mutations on working memory in water maze with a novel ATRN-mutant rat generated by the CRISPR/Cas9 system; the mutation involved the substitution of the 505th amino acid, glycine (G), with cysteine (C), namely, a mutation from GGC to TGC. The changes in myelin basic protein (MBP) expression in rats were also analyzed with the western blot. RESULTS The ATRN-G505C(KI/KI) rats exhibited significant increases in the required latency and distance traveled to locate the escape platform in a Morris water maze test of working memory. In addition, the expression of MBP was reduced in ATRN-mutant rats, as shown in the western blot analysis. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that ATRN gene mutations may directly lead to the impairment of working memory in the water maze; this impairment may be due to the inhibition of MBP expression, which in turn affects the spatial cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Qi Liu
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Xue
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Changzhou Second People's Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Hui Li
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangyang First People's Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Qun Ding
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Meng-Yu Zhang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Kai Chen
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Ying Li
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Zhan Gao
- Department of Psychiatry, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Xi-Jia Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Ning Zhang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, P. R. China
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Alves Conceição C, Assis de Lemos G, Barros CA, Vieira TCRG. What is the role of lipids in prion conversion and disease? Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 15:1032541. [PMID: 36704327 PMCID: PMC9871914 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1032541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular cause of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) involves the conversion of the cellular prion protein (PrPC) into its pathogenic form, called prion scrapie (PrPSc), which is prone to the formation of amorphous and amyloid aggregates found in TSE patients. Although the mechanisms of conversion of PrPC into PrPSc are not entirely understood, two key points are currently accepted: (i) PrPSc acts as a seed for the recruitment of native PrPC, inducing the latter's conversion to PrPSc; and (ii) other biomolecules, such as DNA, RNA, or lipids, can act as cofactors, mediating the conversion from PrPC to PrPSc. Interestingly, PrPC is anchored by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol molecule in the outer cell membrane. Therefore, interactions with lipid membranes or alterations in the membranes themselves have been widely investigated as possible factors for conversion. Alone or in combination with RNA molecules, lipids can induce the formation of PrP in vitro-produced aggregates capable of infecting animal models. Here, we discuss the role of lipids in prion conversion and infectivity, highlighting the structural and cytotoxic aspects of lipid-prion interactions. Strikingly, disorders like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease also seem to be caused by changes in protein structure and share pathogenic mechanisms with TSEs. Thus, we posit that comprehending the process of PrP conversion is relevant to understanding critical events involved in a variety of neurodegenerative disorders and will contribute to developing future therapeutic strategies for these devastating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyntia Alves Conceição
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Assis de Lemos
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Caroline Augusto Barros
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tuane C. R. G. Vieira
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,National Institute of Science and Technology for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,*Correspondence: Tuane C. R. G. Vieira, ✉
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Kuramoto T. Positional cloning of rat mutant genes reveals new functions of these genes. Exp Anim 2023; 72:1-8. [PMID: 36058846 PMCID: PMC9978133 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.22-0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The laboratory rat (Rattus norvegicus) is a key model organism for biomedical research. Rats can be subjected to strict genetic and environmental controls. The rat's large body size is suitable for both surgical operations and repeated measurements of physiological parameters. These advantages have led to the development of numerous rat models for genetic diseases. Forward genetics is a proven approach for identifying the causative genes of these disease models but requires genome resources including genetic markers and genome sequences. Over the last few decades, rat genome resources have been developed and deposited in bioresource centers, which have enabled us to perform positional cloning in rats. To date, more than 100 disease-related genes have been identified by positional cloning. Since some disease models are more accessible in rats than mice, the identification of causative genes in these models has sometimes led to the discovery of novel functions of genes. As before, various mutant rats are also expected to be discovered and developed as disease models in the future. Thus, the forward genetics continues to be an important approach to find genes involved in disease phenotypes in rats. In this review, I provide an overview the development of rat genome resources and describe examples of positional cloning in rats in which novel gene functions have been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kuramoto
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1737 Funako, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0034, Japan
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4
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Stewart VD, Cadieux J, Thulasiram MR, Douglas TC, Drewnik DA, Selamat S, Lao Y, Spicer V, Hannila SS. Myelin‐associated glycoprotein alters the neuronal secretome and stimulates the release of
TGFβ
and proteins that affect neural plasticity. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:2952-2973. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa D. Stewart
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science University of Manitoba Room 130, Basic Medical Sciences Building, 745 Bannatyne Avenue R3E 0J9 Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
| | - Justine Cadieux
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science University of Manitoba Room 130, Basic Medical Sciences Building, 745 Bannatyne Avenue R3E 0J9 Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
| | - Matsya R. Thulasiram
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science University of Manitoba Room 130, Basic Medical Sciences Building, 745 Bannatyne Avenue R3E 0J9 Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
| | - Tinsley Claire Douglas
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science University of Manitoba Room 130, Basic Medical Sciences Building, 745 Bannatyne Avenue R3E 0J9 Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
| | - Dennis A. Drewnik
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science University of Manitoba Room 130, Basic Medical Sciences Building, 745 Bannatyne Avenue R3E 0J9 Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
| | - Suhaila Selamat
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science University of Manitoba Room 130, Basic Medical Sciences Building, 745 Bannatyne Avenue R3E 0J9 Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
| | - Ying Lao
- Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology University of Manitoba Room 799, John Buhler Research Centre, 715 McDermot Avenue R3E 3P4 Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
| | - Victor Spicer
- Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology University of Manitoba Room 799, John Buhler Research Centre, 715 McDermot Avenue R3E 3P4 Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
| | - Sari S. Hannila
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science University of Manitoba Room 130, Basic Medical Sciences Building, 745 Bannatyne Avenue R3E 0J9 Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
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Distribution and Localization of Mahogunin Ring Finger 1 in the Mouse Central Nervous System. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168956. [PMID: 36012221 PMCID: PMC9408835 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mahogunin ring finger 1 (MGRN1), an E3 ubiquitin, is involved in several physiological and neuropathological processes. Although mgrn1 mRNA is widely distributed in the central nervous system (CNS), detailed information on its cellular and subcellular localization is lacking and its physiological role remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to determine the distribution of MGRN1 in the mouse CNS using a newly produced antibody against MGRN1. We found that the MGRN1 protein was expressed in most neuronal cell bodies. An intense MGRN1 expression was also observed in the neuropil of the gray matter in different regions of the CNS, including the main olfactory bulb, cerebral cortex, caudate, putamen, thalamic nuclei, hypothalamic nuclei, medial eminence, superior colliculus, hippocampus, dentate gyrus, and spinal cord. Contrastingly, no MGRN1 expression was observed in glial cells. Double fluorescence and immunoelectron microscopic analyses revealed the intracellular distribution of MGRN1 in pre-synapses and near the outer membrane of the mitochondria in neurons. These findings indicate that MGRN1 is more widely expressed throughout the CNS; additionally, the intracellular expression of MGRN1 suggests that it may play an important role in synaptic and mitochondrial functions.
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6
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Durisin M, Krüger C, Pich A, Warnecke A, Steffens M, Zeilinger C, Lenarz T, Prenzler N, Schmitt H. Proteome profile of patients with excellent and poor speech intelligibility after cochlear implantation: Can perilymph proteins predict performance? PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263765. [PMID: 35239655 PMCID: PMC8893673 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern proteomic analysis and reliable surgical access to gain liquid inner ear biopsies have enabled in depth molecular characterization of the cochlea microenvironment. In order to clarify whether the protein composition of the perilymph can provide new insights into individual hearing performance after cochlear implantation (CI), computational analysis in correlation to clinical performance after CI were performed based on the proteome profile derived from perilymph samples (liquid biopsies). Perilymph samples from cochlear implant recipients have been analyzed by mass spectrometry (MS). The proteins were identified using the shot-gun proteomics method and quantified and analyzed using Max Quant, Perseus and IPA software. A total of 75 perilymph samples from 68 (adults and children) patients were included in the analysis. Speech perception data one year after implantation were available for 45 patients and these were used for subsequent analysis. According to their hearing performance, patients with excellent (n = 22) and poor (n = 14) performance one year after CI were identified and used for further analysis. The protein composition and statistically significant differences in the two groups were detected by relative quantification of the perilymph proteins. With this procedure, a selection of 287 proteins were identified in at least eight samples in both groups. In the perilymph of the patients with excellent and poor performance, five and six significantly elevated proteins were identified respectively. These proteins seem to be involved in different immunological processes in excellent and poor performer. Further analysis on the role of specific proteins as predictors for poor or excellent performance among CI recipients are mandatory. Combinatory analysis of molecular inner ear profiles and clinical performance data using bioinformatics analysis may open up new possibilities for patient stratification. The impact of such prediction algorithms on diagnosis and treatment needs to be established in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Durisin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Caroline Krüger
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Pich
- Core Facility Proteomics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Athanasia Warnecke
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence of the German Research Foundation (DFG; “Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft”) “Hearing4all”, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Melanie Steffens
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Carsten Zeilinger
- BMWZ (Zentrum für Biomolekulare Wirkstoffe), Gottfried-Wilhelm-Leibniz University, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Lenarz
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence of the German Research Foundation (DFG; “Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft”) “Hearing4all”, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Nils Prenzler
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Heike Schmitt
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence of the German Research Foundation (DFG; “Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft”) “Hearing4all”, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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7
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Ngetich E, Lapolla P, Chandrashekar A, Handa A, Lee R. The role of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV in abdominal aortic aneurysm pathogenesis: A systematic review. Vasc Med 2021; 27:77-87. [PMID: 34392748 PMCID: PMC8808362 DOI: 10.1177/1358863x211034574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is an important vascular disease carrying significant mortality implications due to the risk of aneurysm rupture. Current management relies exclusively on surgical repair as there is no effective medical therapy. A key element of AAA pathogenesis is the chronic inflammation mediated by inflammatory cells releasing proteases, including the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV). This review sought to recapitulate available evidence on the involvement of DPP-IV in AAA development. Further, we assessed the experimental use of currently available DPP-IV inhibitors for AAA management in murine models. Embase, Medline, PubMed, and Web of Science databases were utilised to access the relevant studies. The review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). A narrative synthesis approach was used. Sixty-four studies were identified from the searched databases; a final 11 were included in the analysis. DPP-IV was reported to be significantly increased in both AAA tissue and plasma of patients and correlated with AAA growth. DPP-IV inhibitors (sitagliptin, vildagliptin, alogliptin, and teneligliptin) were all shown to attenuate AAA formation in murine models by reducing monocyte differentiation, the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9). DPP-IV seems to play a role in AAA pathogenesis by propagating the inflammatory microenvironment. This is supported by observations of decreased AAA formation and reduction in macrophage infiltration, ROS, matrix MMPs, and interleukins following the use of DPP-IV inhibitors in murine models. There is an existing translational gap from preclinical observations to clinical trials in this important and novel mechanism of AAA pathogenesis. This prior literature highlights the need for further research on molecular targets involved in AAA formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisha Ngetich
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Pierfrancesco Lapolla
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Anirudh Chandrashekar
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Ashok Handa
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Regent Lee
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
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8
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Nawaratne V, Kudumala S, Kakad PP, Godenschwege TA. The conserved MASRPF motif in the Attractin homolog, Distracted, is required for association with Drosophila E3-ligase Mgrn1. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2021; 2021. [PMID: 34235405 PMCID: PMC8254101 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.000416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In rodents, all three paralogs of the Attractin (Atrn) transmembrane protein family exhibit strong phenotypic overlap and are implicated in the regulation of the same G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) as E3-ligase Mahogunin ring finger 1 (Mgrn1). Recently it was shown that the highly conserved intracellular MASRPF motif in mammal Multiple epidermal growth factor-like domain 8 protein is required for binding of Mgrn1 to mediate ubiquitination of GPCR Smoothened in vitro. Here, we show that the MASRPF motif of Drosophila Distracted, the ortholog of ATRN and Attractin-like 1, is required for association with Drosophila Mgrn1 (dMgrn1) in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vindhya Nawaratne
- Biological Science Department, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33458
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Li XH, Xue C, Liu MQ, Zhang MY, Zhou Y, Xiao X, Wang J, Xu XJ, Shi Y, Zhang WN. Attractin Gene Deficiency in Rats Leads to Impairments in Both Activity and Spatial Learning and Memory. Neuroscience 2021; 466:101-108. [PMID: 34000322 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Attractin (ATRN), an autosomal recessive gene that is widely distributed in the brain, is involved in the execution of a variety of brain functions and associated with certain neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, we introduce a novel rat strain harboring a mutation in ATRN that was generated by knocking in ATRN-G505C via the CRISPR/Cas9 system. We assessed the behavioral performance of these mutant ATRN knock-in rats. The G505C mutation was introduced into exon 9, and a synthetic primer was inserted into introns 8-9 for genotyping. The 505th amino acid, a Gly (G) residue, was mutated to a Cys (C) residue, i.e., GGC was mutated to TGC. Behavioral experiments showed that homozygous ATRN rats spent significantly more time searching for the escape platform in the acquisition trial and significantly less time in the target area in the probe trial in the Morris water maze (MWM) test and traveled a significantly shorter distance in the open field test (OFT) than wild-type rats. In addition, Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry showed that rats with the mutant ATRN gene exhibited significantly reduced expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). In summary, our results indicate that mutations in the ATRN gene directly lead to learning and memory impairments and slight motor deficits. These findings provide new clues for the mechanism by which mutant ATRN induces neurodegenerative changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hui Li
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Cheng Xue
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu Province, PR China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, PR China
| | - Meng-Qi Liu
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Meng-Yu Zhang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Yang Zhou
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Xu Xiao
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Jia Wang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Xi-Jia Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China.
| | - Yun Shi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210032, PR China.
| | - Wei-Ning Zhang
- School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, Jiangsu Province, PR China.
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10
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Sarma RR, Crossland MR, Eyck HJF, DeVore JL, Edwards RJ, Cocomazzo M, Zhou J, Brown GP, Shine R, Rollins LA. Intergenerational effects of manipulating DNA methylation in the early life of an iconic invader. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2021; 376:20200125. [PMID: 33866803 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In response to novel environments, invasive populations often evolve rapidly. Standing genetic variation is an important predictor of evolutionary response but epigenetic variation may also play a role. Here, we use an iconic invader, the cane toad (Rhinella marina), to investigate how manipulating epigenetic status affects phenotypic traits. We collected wild toads from across Australia, bred them, and experimentally manipulated DNA methylation of the subsequent two generations (G1, G2) through exposure to the DNA methylation inhibitor zebularine and/or conspecific tadpole alarm cues. Direct exposure to alarm cues (an indicator of predation risk) increased the potency of G2 tadpole chemical cues, but this was accompanied by reductions in survival. Exposure to alarm cues during G1 also increased the potency of G2 tadpole cues, indicating intergenerational plasticity in this inducible defence. In addition, the negative effects of alarm cues on tadpole viability (i.e. the costs of producing the inducible defence) were minimized in the second generation. Exposure to zebularine during G1 induced similar intergenerational effects, suggesting a role for alteration in DNA methylation. Accordingly, we identified intergenerational shifts in DNA methylation at some loci in response to alarm cue exposure. Substantial demethylation occurred within the sodium channel epithelial 1 subunit gamma gene (SCNN1G) in alarm cue exposed individuals and their offspring. This gene is a key to the regulation of sodium in epithelial cells and may help to maintain the protective epidermal barrier. These data suggest that early life experiences of tadpoles induce intergenerational effects through epigenetic mechanisms, which enhance larval fitness. This article is part of the theme issue 'How does epigenetics influence the course of evolution?'
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshmi R Sarma
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Michael R Crossland
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Harrison J F Eyck
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Jayna L DeVore
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Richard J Edwards
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Michael Cocomazzo
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong 3216, Australia
| | - Jia Zhou
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia.,School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, PMB 1 Glen Osmond, 5064, Australia
| | - Gregory P Brown
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia
| | - Richard Shine
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia
| | - Lee A Rollins
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia.,Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong 3216, Australia
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11
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Ehara A, Taguchi D, Nakadate K, Ueda S. Attractin deficiency causes metabolic and morphological abnormalities in slow-twitch muscle. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 384:745-756. [PMID: 33660050 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-021-03423-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle fibers are classified as slow-twitch and fast-twitch fibers, which have different reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis. Recently, Attractin (Atrn), which encodes secreted (sAtrn) and transmembrane (mAtrn)-type proteins, has been shown to be involved in free radical scavenging. Although Atrn has been found in skeletal muscle, little is known about the expression levels and function of Atrn in each muscle fiber type. Therefore, we investigate sAtrn and mAtrn expression levels in the slow-twitch soleus (sol) and fast-twitch extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles as well as the morphology and expression levels of antioxidant enzymes and functional mitochondrial markers using Atrn-deficient muscles. Both types of Atrn were expressed in the sol and EDL. mAtrn was mainly expressed in the adult sol, whereas sAtrn expression levels did not differ between muscle types. Moreover, mAtrn in the sol was abundantly localized in the subsarcolemmal area, especially in the myoplasm near mitochondria. Atrn-deficient Zitter rats showed muscle fiber atrophy, myofibril misalignment, mitochondrial swelling and vacuolation in the sol but not EDL. Furthermore, the Atrn-deficient sol exhibited a marked reduction in antioxidant enzyme SOD1, GPx1, catalase and Prx6 and mitochondrial functional protein, UCP2, expression. Even Atrn-deficient EDL showed a significant reduction in Prx3, Prx6, UCP2 and UCP3 expression. These data indicate that Atrn-deficiency disturbs ROS metabolism in skeletal muscles. In particular, mAtrn is involved in metabolism in the slow-twitch sol muscle and mAtrn-deficiency may cause ROS imbalance, resulting in morphological abnormalities in the muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayuka Ehara
- Department of Histology and Neurobiology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, 880 Kita-Kobayashi, Mibu, 321-0293, Tochigi, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Taguchi
- Department of Histology and Neurobiology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, 880 Kita-Kobayashi, Mibu, 321-0293, Tochigi, Japan
- Department of Judo Therapy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Teikyo University, 1-1 Toyosatodai, Utsunomiya-shi, 320-8551, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakadate
- Department of Basic Science, Educational and Research Center for Pharmacy , Meiji Pharmaceutical University , 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose-shi, 204- 8588, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuichi Ueda
- Department of Histology and Neurobiology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, 880 Kita-Kobayashi, Mibu, 321-0293, Tochigi, Japan
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12
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Mosleth EF, Vedeler CA, Liland KH, McLeod A, Bringeland GH, Kroondijk L, Berven FS, Lysenko A, Rawlings CJ, Eid KEH, Opsahl JA, Gjertsen BT, Myhr KM, Gavasso S. Cerebrospinal fluid proteome shows disrupted neuronal development in multiple sclerosis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4087. [PMID: 33602999 PMCID: PMC7892850 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82388-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite intensive research, the aetiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) remains unknown. Cerebrospinal fluid proteomics has the potential to reveal mechanisms of MS pathogenesis, but analyses must account for disease heterogeneity. We previously reported explorative multivariate analysis by hierarchical clustering of proteomics data of MS patients and controls, which resulted in two groups of individuals. Grouping reflected increased levels of intrathecal inflammatory response proteins and decreased levels of proteins involved in neural development in one group relative to the other group. MS patients and controls were present in both groups. Here we reanalysed these data and we also reanalysed data from an independent cohort of patients diagnosed with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), who have symptoms of MS without evidence of dissemination in space and/or time. Some, but not all, CIS patients had intrathecal inflammation. The analyses reported here identified a common protein signature of MS/CIS that was not linked to elevated intrathecal inflammation. The signature included low levels of complement proteins, semaphorin-7A, reelin, neural cell adhesion molecules, inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H2, transforming growth factor beta 1, follistatin-related protein 1, malate dehydrogenase 1 cytoplasmic, plasma retinol-binding protein, biotinidase, and transferrin, all known to play roles in neural development. Low levels of these proteins suggest that MS/CIS patients suffer from abnormally low oxidative capacity that results in disrupted neural development from an early stage of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen F Mosleth
- Nofima AS, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Osloveien 1, 1430, Ås, Norway.
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK.
| | - Christian Alexander Vedeler
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kristian Hovde Liland
- Nofima AS, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Osloveien 1, 1430, Ås, Norway
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1430, Ås, Norway
| | - Anette McLeod
- Nofima AS, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Osloveien 1, 1430, Ås, Norway
- Center for Laboratory Medicine, Østfold Hospital Trust, Grålum, Norway
| | - Gerd Haga Bringeland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Liesbeth Kroondijk
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Artem Lysenko
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
- Laboratory for Medical Science Mathematics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Karim El-Hajj Eid
- Nofima AS, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Osloveien 1, 1430, Ås, Norway
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1430, Ås, Norway
| | - Jill Anette Opsahl
- Proteomics Unit (PROBE), Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bjørn Tore Gjertsen
- Center for Cancer Biomarkers (CCBIO), Department of Clinical Science, Precision Oncology Research Group, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Haematology Section, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kjell-Morten Myhr
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sonia Gavasso
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
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Hoang Trung H, Yoshihara T, Nakao A, Hayashida K, Hirata Y, Shirasuna K, Kuwamura M, Nakagawa Y, Kaneko T, Mori Y, Asano M, Kuramoto T. Deficiency of the RIβ subunit of protein kinase A causes body tremor and impaired fear conditioning memory in rats. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2039. [PMID: 33479380 PMCID: PMC7820254 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81515-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The RIβ subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), encoded by Prkar1b, is a neuronal isoform of the type I regulatory subunit of PKA. Mice lacking the RIβ subunit exhibit normal long-term potentiation (LTP) in the Schaffer collateral pathway of the hippocampus and normal behavior in the open-field and fear conditioning tests. Here, we combined genetic, electrophysiological, and behavioral approaches to demonstrate that the RIβ subunit was involved in body tremor, LTP in the Schaffer collateral pathway, and fear conditioning memory in rats. Genetic analysis of WTC-furue, a mutant strain with spontaneous tremors, revealed a deletion in the Prkar1b gene of the WTC-furue genome. Prkar1b-deficient rats created by the CRISPR/Cas9 system exhibited body tremor. Hippocampal slices from mutant rats showed deficient LTP in the Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapse. Mutant rats also exhibited decreased freezing time following contextual and cued fear conditioning, as well as increased exploratory behavior in the open field. These findings indicate the roles of the RIβ subunit in tremor pathogenesis and contextual and cued fear memory, and suggest that the hippocampal and amygdala roles of this subunit differ between mice and rats and that rats are therefore beneficial for exploring RIβ function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hieu Hoang Trung
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1737 Funako, Atsugi, Kanagawa, 243-0034, Japan
| | - Toru Yoshihara
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Akito Nakao
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Katsumi Hayashida
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Hirata
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1737 Funako, Atsugi, Kanagawa, 243-0034, Japan
| | - Koumei Shirasuna
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1737 Funako, Atsugi, Kanagawa, 243-0034, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Kuwamura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Science, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58 Rinkuuourai-kita, Izumisano, Osaka, 598-8531, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakagawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, 4-3-5 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8551, Japan
| | - Takehito Kaneko
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, 4-3-5 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8551, Japan
| | - Yasuo Mori
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Masahide Asano
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takashi Kuramoto
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1737 Funako, Atsugi, Kanagawa, 243-0034, Japan. .,Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
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14
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Taguchi D, Ehara A, Kadowaki T, Sakakibara SI, Nakadate K, Hirata K, Ueda S. Minocycline Alleviates Cluster Formation of Activated Microglia and Age-dependent Dopaminergic Cell Death in the Substantia Nigra of Zitter Mutant Rat. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2020; 53:139-146. [PMID: 33437100 PMCID: PMC7785462 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.20-00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglial activation is a component of neurodegenerative pathology. Here, we examine whether activated microglia participate in age-related dopaminergic (DA) cell death in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) of the zitter (zi/zi) rat, a mutant characterized by deletion of the attractin gene. Confocal microscopy with double-immunohistochemical staining revealed activated microglia-formed cell-clusters surrounding DA neurons in the SNc from 2 weeks after birth. An immunoelectron microscopic study showed that the cytoplasm of activated microglia usually contains phagosome-like vacuoles and lamellar inclusions. Expression levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were increased in the midbrain of 2-month-old zi/zi rats. Chronic treatment with the anti-inflammatory agent minocycline altered the morphology of the microglia, reduced cluster formation by the microglia, and attenuated DA cell death in the SNc, and reduced the expression of IL-1β in the midbrain. These results indicate that activated microglia, at least in part and especially at the initial phase, contribute to DA cell death in the SNc of the zi/zi rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Taguchi
- Department of Judo Therapy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Teikyo University
- Department of Histology and Neurobiology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Ayuka Ehara
- Department of Histology and Neurobiology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Taro Kadowaki
- Department of Neurology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Shin-ichi Sakakibara
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Applied Brain Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University
| | - Kazuhiko Nakadate
- Department of Basic Science, Educational and Research Center for Pharmacy, Meiji Pharmaceutical University
| | - Koichi Hirata
- Department of Neurology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Shuichi Ueda
- Department of Histology and Neurobiology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine
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Szpirer C. Rat models of human diseases and related phenotypes: a systematic inventory of the causative genes. J Biomed Sci 2020; 27:84. [PMID: 32741357 PMCID: PMC7395987 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-020-00673-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The laboratory rat has been used for a long time as the model of choice in several biomedical disciplines. Numerous inbred strains have been isolated, displaying a wide range of phenotypes and providing many models of human traits and diseases. Rat genome mapping and genomics was considerably developed in the last decades. The availability of these resources has stimulated numerous studies aimed at discovering causal disease genes by positional identification. Numerous rat genes have now been identified that underlie monogenic or complex diseases and remarkably, these results have been translated to the human in a significant proportion of cases, leading to the identification of novel human disease susceptibility genes, helping in studying the mechanisms underlying the pathological abnormalities and also suggesting new therapeutic approaches. In addition, reverse genetic tools have been developed. Several genome-editing methods were introduced to generate targeted mutations in genes the function of which could be clarified in this manner [generally these are knockout mutations]. Furthermore, even when the human gene causing a disease had been identified without resorting to a rat model, mutated rat strains (in particular KO strains) were created to analyze the gene function and the disease pathogenesis. Today, over 350 rat genes have been identified as underlying diseases or playing a key role in critical biological processes that are altered in diseases, thereby providing a rich resource of disease models. This article is an update of the progress made in this research and provides the reader with an inventory of these disease genes, a significant number of which have similar effects in rat and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Szpirer
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-6041, Gosselies, Belgium.
- , Waterloo, Belgium.
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16
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Azouz A, Duke-Cohan JS. Post-developmental extracellular proteoglycan maintenance in attractin-deficient mice. BMC Res Notes 2020; 13:301. [PMID: 32580758 PMCID: PMC7313179 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-020-05130-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Neurodegeneration and hair pigmentation alterations in mice occur consequent to aberrations at the Atrn locus coding for the transmembrane form of attractin. Earlier results pointed to a possible involvement in intracellular trafficking/export of secretory vesicles containing proteoglycan. Here we examined kidney and liver, both heavily dependent upon proteoglycan, of attractin-deficient mice to determine whether abnormalities were observed in these tissues. Results Histological and histochemical analysis to detect glycosylated protein identified a severe loss in attractin-deficient mice of extracellular proteoglycan between kidney tubules in addition to a loss of glycosylated material within the intratubular brush border. In the liver, extracellular matrix material was significantly depleted between hepatocytes together with swollen sinuses and aberrations in the proteoglycan-dependent space of Disse. These results are consistent with a generalized defect in extracellular proteoglycan deposition in Atrn-mutant mice and support previous reports suggesting a role for attractin in the secretory vesicle pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah Azouz
- Department of Pathology, Regional One Health, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jonathan S Duke-Cohan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, JF517, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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17
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Fitak RR, Mohandesan E, Corander J, Yadamsuren A, Chuluunbat B, Abdelhadi O, Raziq A, Nagy P, Walzer C, Faye B, Burger PA. Genomic signatures of domestication in Old World camels. Commun Biol 2020; 3:316. [PMID: 32561887 PMCID: PMC7305198 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-1039-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Domestication begins with the selection of animals showing less fear of humans. In most domesticates, selection signals for tameness have been superimposed by intensive breeding for economical or other desirable traits. Old World camels, conversely, have maintained high genetic variation and lack secondary bottlenecks associated with breed development. By re-sequencing multiple genomes from dromedaries, Bactrian camels, and their endangered wild relatives, here we show that positive selection for candidate genes underlying traits collectively referred to as 'domestication syndrome' is consistent with neural crest deficiencies and altered thyroid hormone-based signaling. Comparing our results with other domestic species, we postulate that the core set of domestication genes is considerably smaller than the pan-domestication set - and overlapping genes are likely a result of chance and redundancy. These results, along with the extensive genomic resources provided, are an important contribution to understanding the evolutionary history of camels and the genomic features of their domestication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Rodgers Fitak
- Institute of Population Genetics, Vetmeduni Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Biology, Genomics and Bioinformatics Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA.
| | - Elmira Mohandesan
- Institute of Population Genetics, Vetmeduni Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jukka Corander
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Helsinki Institute for Information Technology, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Oslo, N-0317, Oslo, Norway
| | - Adiya Yadamsuren
- Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jia No.20 North, DaTun road, ChaoYang District, Beijing, China
- Wild Camel Protection Foundation Mongolia. Jukov avenue, Bayanzurh District, Ulaanbaatar, 13343, Mongolia
| | - Battsetseg Chuluunbat
- Laboratory of Genetics, Institute of General and Experimental Biology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Peace avenue-54b, Bayarzurh District, Ulaanbaatar, 210351, Mongolia
| | - Omer Abdelhadi
- University of Khartoum, Department for Meat Sciences, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Abdul Raziq
- Camelait, Alain Farms for Livestock Production, Alain Dubai Road, Alain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Peter Nagy
- Farm and Veterinary Department, Emirates Industry for Camel Milk and Products, PO Box 294236, Dubai, Umm Nahad, United Arab Emirates
| | - Chris Walzer
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Wildlife Health Program, Bronx, NY, USA
- Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, Vetmeduni Vienna, Savoyenstraße 1, 1160, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernard Faye
- CIRAD-ES, UMR 112, Campus International de Baillarguet, TA C/112A, 34398, Montpellier, France
| | - Pamela Anna Burger
- Institute of Population Genetics, Vetmeduni Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria.
- Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, Vetmeduni Vienna, Savoyenstraße 1, 1160, Vienna, Austria.
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18
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Hanas JS, Hocker JRS, Lerner MR, Couch JR. Distinguishing and phenotype monitoring of traumatic brain injury and post-concussion syndrome including chronic migraine in serum of Iraq and Afghanistan war veterans. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215762. [PMID: 31026304 PMCID: PMC6485717 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) and persistent post-concussion syndrome (PCS) including chronic migraine (CM) are major health issues for civilians and the military. It is important to understand underlying biochemical mechanisms of these conditions, and be able to monitor them in an accurate and minimally invasive manner. This study describes the initial use of a novel serum analytical platform to help distinguish TBI patients, including those with post-traumatic headache (PTH), and to help identify phenotypes at play in these disorders. The hypothesis is that physiological responses to disease states like TBI and PTH and related bodily stresses are reflected in biomolecules in the blood in disease-specific manner. Leave one out (serum sample) cross validations (LOOCV) and sample randomizations were utilized to distinguished serum samples from the following TBI patient groups: TBI +PTSD + CM + severe depression (TBI "most affected" group) vs healthy controls, TBI "most affected" vs TBI, TBI vs controls, TBI + CM vs controls, and TBI + CM vs TBI. Inter-group discriminatory p values were ≤ 10-10, and sample group randomizations resulted in p non-significant values. Peptide/protein identifications of discriminatory mass peaks from the TBI "most affected" vs controls and from the TBI plus vs TBI minus CM groups yielded information of the cellular/molecular effects of these disorders (immune responses, amyloidosis/Alzheimer's disease/dementia, neuronal development). More specific biochemical disease effects appear to involve blood brain barrier, depression, migraine headache, autoimmunity, and autophagy pathways. This study demonstrated the ability for the first time of a novel, accurate, biomarker platform to monitor these conditions in serum, and help identify biochemical relationships leading to better understanding of these disorders and to potential therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay S. Hanas
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Veterans Administration Hospital, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - James R. S. Hocker
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Megan R. Lerner
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - James R. Couch
- Department of Neurology, University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Veterans Administration Hospital, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
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19
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Wimmer I, Scharler C, Zrzavy T, Kadowaki T, Mödlagl V, Rojc K, Tröscher AR, Kitic M, Ueda S, Bradl M, Lassmann H. Microglia pre-activation and neurodegeneration precipitate neuroinflammation without exacerbating tissue injury in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2019; 7:14. [PMID: 30704526 PMCID: PMC6357376 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-019-0667-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Human inflammatory or neurodegenerative diseases, such as progressive multiple sclerosis (MS), occur on a background of age-related microglia activation and iron accumulation as well as pre-existing neurodegeneration. Most experimental models for CNS diseases, however, are induced in rodents, which are naturally characterized by a homeostatic microglia phenotype, low cellular iron load and absence of neurodegeneration. Here, we show that naïve LEWzizi rats – Lewis rats with a zitter rat background – show a spontaneous phenotype partly mimicking the changes seen in human aging and particularly in the normal-appearing white and grey matter of patients with progressive MS. Using this model system, we further aimed to investigate (i) whether the acute monophasic MS model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) transforms into chronic progressive disease and (ii) whether EAE-induced neuroinflammation and tissue damage aggravate on the LEWzizi background. We found that the pre-existing LEWzizi-specific pathology precipitated EAE-related neuroinflammation into forebrain areas, which are devoid of EAE lesions in normal Lewis rats. However, EAE-related tissue damage was neither modified by the LEWzizi-specific pathology nor did EAE-induced neuroinflammation modify the LEWzizi-related pathological process. Our data indicate that the interaction between pre-activated microglia and CD4+ autoreactive T cells during the induction and propagation of tissue damage in the CNS is limited.
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Role of neuronal nitric oxide synthase in slowly progressive dopaminergic neurodegeneration in the Zitter rat. Nitric Oxide 2018; 78:41-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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21
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Yamaguchi T, Ehara A, Nakadate K, Ueda S. Tyrosine hydroxylase afferents to the interstitial nucleus of the posterior limb of the anterior commissure are neurochemically distinct from those projecting to neighboring nuclei. J Chem Neuroanat 2018; 90:98-107. [PMID: 29305898 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The interstitial nucleus of the posterior limb of the anterior commissure (IPAC) is exclusively innervated by tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive (TH-IR) fibers as observed in the other nuclei of the rat forebrain such as the striatum and nucleus accumbens. Distinguishing TH-IR afferents to the IPAC from those projecting to neighboring nuclei has been difficult. However, we previously showed that the TH-IR fibers projecting to the IPAC were invulnerable to neurodegeneration in zitter mutant rats, whereas almost all TH-IR afferents fibers to the dorsolateral striatum were lost, indicating that these two groups of TH-IR afferents have distinct neurochemical properties. Here, to explore this observation further, we injected Fluorogold (FG) retrograde tracers to identify neurons projecting to the IPAC or dorsal striatum. We also determined the distribution of attractin mRNA and protein, causative factors for the pathological phenotypes of zitter mutant rats, within the normal rat midbrain. In rats injected with FG into the dorsal striatum, we detected many FG-positive neurons in the ventral aspect of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNC). In contrast, many FG-positive neurons were observed in the dorsal aspect of the SNC of rats injected with FG into the IPAC. Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization studies of intact animals revealed that both attractin mRNA and protein were expressed at higher levels in the ventral aspect of the SNC, whereas both attractin mRNA and protein were expressed at lower levels in the dorsal aspect of the SNC. Taken together, these results indicate that TH-IR afferents to the IPAC have distinct neurochemical properties from those to the striatum and may account for the differential vulnerability to neurodegeneration observed in zitter mutant rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Yamaguchi
- Department of Histology and Neurobiology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu-machi, Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan.
| | - Ayuka Ehara
- Department of Histology and Neurobiology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu-machi, Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakadate
- Department of Basic Biology, Educational and Research Center for Pharmacy, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose-shi, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
| | - Shuichi Ueda
- Department of Histology and Neurobiology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine, 880 Kitakobayashi, Mibu-machi, Shimotsuga-gun, Tochigi 321-0293, Japan
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22
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Ehara A, Maekawa M, Hori Y, Nakadate K, Ueda S. Age-related behavioral, morphological and physiological changes in the hippocampus of zitter rats. Anat Sci Int 2017; 93:332-339. [DOI: 10.1007/s12565-017-0416-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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23
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Tremor dominant Kyoto (Trdk) rats carry a missense mutation in the gene encoding the SK2 subunit of small-conductance Ca 2+-activated K + channel. Brain Res 2017; 1676:38-45. [PMID: 28917524 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tremor dominant Kyoto (Trdk) is an autosomal dominant mutation that appeared in F344/NSlc rats mutagenized with N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU). In this study, we characterized and genetically analyzed F344-Trdk/+ heterozygous rats. The rats exhibited a tremor that was especially evident around weaning but persisted throughout life. The tremors of F344-Trdk/+ rats were attenuated by drugs effective against essential tremor (ET) but not drugs used to treat Parkinson's disease-related tremor, indicating that the pharmacological phenotype of F344-Trdk/+ rats was similar to human ET. Using positional candidate approach, we identified the Trdk mutation as a missense substitution (c. 866T>A, p. I289N) in Kcnn2, which encodes the SK2 subunit of the small-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel. In vitro electrophysiological studies revealed that the I289N mutation diminished SK2 channel activity. These findings demonstrate that F344-Trdk/+ rats represent a novel model of ET, and strongly suggest that Kcnn2 is the causative gene for the tremor phenotype in F344-Trdk/+ rats.
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24
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Hypomyelinating leukodystrophy associated with a deleterious mutation in the ATRN gene. Neurogenetics 2017; 18:135-139. [DOI: 10.1007/s10048-017-0515-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Duncan ID, Radcliff AB. Inherited and acquired disorders of myelin: The underlying myelin pathology. Exp Neurol 2016; 283:452-75. [PMID: 27068622 PMCID: PMC5010953 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Remyelination is a major therapeutic goal in human myelin disorders, serving to restore function to demyelinated axons and providing neuroprotection. The target disorders that might be amenable to the promotion of this repair process are diverse and increasing in number. They range primarily from those of genetic, inflammatory to toxic origin. In order to apply remyelinating strategies to these disorders, it is essential to know whether the myelin damage results from a primary attack on myelin or the oligodendrocyte or both, and whether indeed these lead to myelin breakdown and demyelination. In some disorders, myelin sheath abnormalities are prominent but demyelination does not occur. This review explores the range of human and animal disorders where myelin pathology exists and focusses on defining the myelin changes in each and their cause, to help define whether they are targets for myelin repair therapy. We reviewed myelin disorders of the CNS in humans and animals. Myelin damage results from primary attack on the oligodendrocyte or myelin sheath. All major categories of disease can affect CNS myelin. Myelin vacuolation is common, yet does not always result in demyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian D Duncan
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.
| | - Abigail B Radcliff
- Department of Medical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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Kanduc D. Role of codon usage and tRNA changes in rat cytomegalovirus latency and (re)activation. J Basic Microbiol 2016; 56:617-26. [DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201500621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Darja Kanduc
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, and Biopharmaceutics; University of Bari; Bari 70126 Italy
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Davies KTJ, Bennett NC, Tsagkogeorga G, Rossiter SJ, Faulkes CG. Family Wide Molecular Adaptations to Underground Life in African Mole-Rats Revealed by Phylogenomic Analysis. Mol Biol Evol 2015; 32:3089-107. [PMID: 26318402 PMCID: PMC4652621 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msv175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
During their evolutionary radiation, mammals have colonized diverse habitats. Arguably the subterranean niche is the most inhospitable of these, characterized by reduced oxygen, elevated carbon dioxide, absence of light, scarcity of food, and a substrate that is energetically costly to burrow through. Of all lineages to have transitioned to a subterranean niche, African mole-rats are one of the most successful. Much of their ecological success can be attributed to a diet of plant storage organs, which has allowed them to colonize climatically varied habitats across sub-Saharan Africa, and has probably contributed to the evolution of their diverse social systems. Yet despite their many remarkable phenotypic specializations, little is known about molecular adaptations underlying these traits. To address this, we sequenced the transcriptomes of seven mole-rat taxa, including three solitary species, and combined new sequences with existing genomic data sets. Alignments of more than 13,000 protein-coding genes encompassed, for the first time, all six genera and the full spectrum of ecological and social variation in the clade. We detected positive selection within the mole-rat clade and along ancestral branches in approximately 700 genes including loci associated with tumorigenesis, aging, morphological development, and sociality. By combining these results with gene ontology annotation and protein–protein networks, we identified several clusters of functionally related genes. This family wide analysis of molecular evolution in mole-rats has identified a suite of positively selected genes, deepening our understanding of the extreme phenotypic traits exhibited by this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalina T J Davies
- School of Biological & Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel C Bennett
- Department of Zoology & Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Georgia Tsagkogeorga
- School of Biological & Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J Rossiter
- School of Biological & Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher G Faulkes
- School of Biological & Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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Brain-Specific Superoxide Dismutase 2 Deficiency Causes Perinatal Death with Spongiform Encephalopathy in Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2015:238914. [PMID: 26301039 PMCID: PMC4537744 DOI: 10.1155/2015/238914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is believed to greatly contribute to the pathogenesis of various diseases, including neurodegeneration. Impairment of mitochondrial energy production and increased mitochondrial oxidative damage are considered early pathological events that lead to neurodegeneration. Manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD, SOD2) is a mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme that converts toxic superoxide to hydrogen peroxide. To investigate the pathological role of mitochondrial oxidative stress in the central nervous system, we generated brain-specific SOD2-deficient mice (B-Sod2−/−) using nestin-Cre-loxp system. B-Sod2−/− showed perinatal death, along with severe growth retardation. Interestingly, these mice exhibited spongiform neurodegeneration in motor cortex, hippocampus, and brainstem, accompanied by gliosis. In addition, the mutant mice had markedly decreased mitochondrial complex II activity, but not complex I or IV, in the brain based on enzyme histochemistry. Furthermore, brain lipid peroxidation was significantly increased in the B-Sod2−/−, without any compensatory alterations of the activities of other antioxidative enzymes, such as catalase or glutathione peroxidase. These results suggest that SOD2 protects the neural system from oxidative stress in the perinatal stage and is essential for infant survival and central neural function in mice.
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Modeling Disorders of Movement. Mov Disord 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-405195-9.00002-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Serikawa T, Mashimo T, Kuramoro T, Voigt B, Ohno Y, Sasa M. Advances on genetic rat models of epilepsy. Exp Anim 2014; 64:1-7. [PMID: 25312505 PMCID: PMC4329510 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.14-0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering the suitability of laboratory rats in epilepsy research, we and other groups
have been developing genetic models of epilepsy in this species. After epileptic rats or
seizure-susceptible rats were sporadically found in outbred stocks, the epileptic traits
were usually genetically-fixed by selective breeding. So far, the absence seizure models
GAERS and WAG/Rij, audiogenic seizure models GEPR-3 and GEPR-9, generalized tonic-clonic
seizure models IER, NER and WER, and Canavan-disease related epileptic models TRM and SER
have been established. Dissection of the genetic bases including causative genes in these
epileptic rat models would be a significant step toward understanding epileptogenesis.
N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) mutagenesis provides a systematic approach which allowed us to
develop two novel epileptic rat models: heat-induced seizure susceptible (Hiss) rats with
an Scn1a missense mutation and autosomal dominant lateral temporal epilepsy (ADLTE) model
rats with an Lgi1 missense mutation. In addition, we have established episodic ataxia type
1 (EA1) model rats with a Kcna1 missense mutation derived from the ENU-induced rat mutant
stock, and identified a Cacna1a missense mutation in a N-Methyl-N-nitrosourea
(MNU)-induced mutant rat strain GRY, resulting in the discovery of episodic ataxia type 2
(EA2) model rats. Thus, epileptic rat models have been established on the two paths:
‘phenotype to gene’ and ‘gene to phenotype’. In the near future, development of novel
epileptic rat models will be extensively promoted by the use of sophisticated genome
editing technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadao Serikawa
- Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku 606-8501; Laboratory of Pharmacology, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takatsuki 569-1094, Japan
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Chatterji B, Dickhut C, Mielke S, Krüger J, Just I, Glage S, Meier M, Wedekind D, Pich A. MALDI imaging mass spectrometry to investigate endogenous peptides in an animal model of Usher's disease. Proteomics 2014; 14:1674-87. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201300558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bijon Chatterji
- Institute of Toxicology; Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
| | - Clarissa Dickhut
- Institute of Toxicology; Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
| | - Svenja Mielke
- Institute of Toxicology; Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
| | - Jonas Krüger
- Institute of Toxicology; Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
| | - Ingo Just
- Institute of Toxicology; Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
| | - Silke Glage
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science; Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
| | - Martin Meier
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science; Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
| | - Dirk Wedekind
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science; Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
| | - Andreas Pich
- Institute of Toxicology; Hannover Medical School; Hannover Germany
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Dagley LF, White CA, Liao Y, Shi W, Smyth GK, Orian JM, Emili A, Purcell AW. Quantitative proteomic profiling reveals novel region-specific markers in the adult mouse brain. Proteomics 2014; 14:241-61. [PMID: 24259518 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201300196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2013] [Revised: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Despite major advances in neuroscience, a comprehensive understanding of the structural and functional components of the adult brain compartments remains to be fully elucidated at a quantitative molecular level. Indeed, over half of the soluble- and membrane-annotated proteins are currently unmapped within online digital brain atlases. In this study, two complementary approaches were used to assess the unique repertoire of proteins enriched within select regions of the adult mouse CNS, including the brain stem, cerebellum, and remaining brain hemispheres. Of the 1200 proteins visualized by 2D-DIGE, approximately 150 (including cytosolic and membrane proteins) were found to exhibit statistically significant changes in relative abundance thus representing putative region-specific brain markers. In addition to using a high-precision (18) O-labeling strategy for the quantitative LC-MS/MS mapping of membrane proteins isolated from myelin-enriched fractions, we have identified over 1000 proteins that have yet to be described in any other mammalian myelin proteome. A comparison of our myelin proteome was made to an existing transcriptome database containing mRNA abundance profiles during oligodendrocyte differentiation and has confirmed statistically significant abundance changes for ∼500 of these newly mapped proteins, thus revealing new roles in oligodendrocyte and myelin biology. These data offer a resource for the neuroscience community studying the molecular basis for specialized neuronal activities in the CNS and myelin-related disorders. The MS proteomics data associated with this manuscript have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange Consortium with the dataset identifier PXD000327 (http://proteomecentral.proteomexchange.org/dataset/PXD000327).
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura F Dagley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, Terrence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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Uchiyama K, Miyata H, Sakaguchi S. Disturbed vesicular trafficking of membrane proteins in prion disease. Prion 2013; 7:447-51. [PMID: 24335150 DOI: 10.4161/pri.27381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenic mechanism of prion diseases remains unknown. We recently reported that prion infection disturbs post-Golgi trafficking of certain types of membrane proteins to the cell surface, resulting in reduced surface expression of membrane proteins and abrogating the signal from the proteins. The surface expression of the membrane proteins was reduced in the brains of mice inoculated with prions, well before abnormal symptoms became evident. Prions or pathogenic prion proteins were mainly detected in endosomal compartments, being particularly abundant in recycling endosomes. Some newly synthesized membrane proteins are delivered to the surface from the Golgi apparatus through recycling endosomes, and some endocytosed membrane proteins are delivered back to the surface through recycling endosomes. These results suggest that prions might cause neuronal dysfunctions and cell loss by disturbing post-Golgi trafficking of membrane proteins via accumulation in recycling endosomes. Interestingly, it was recently shown that delivery of a calcium channel protein to the cell surface was impaired and its function was abrogated in a mouse model of hereditary prion disease. Taken together, these results suggest that impaired delivery of membrane proteins to the cell surface is a common pathogenic event in acquired and hereditary prion diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Uchiyama
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology; The Institute for Enzyme Research (KOSOKEN); The University of Tokushima; Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hironori Miyata
- Animal Research Center; School of Medicine; University of Occupational and Environmental Health; Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Suehiro Sakaguchi
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology; The Institute for Enzyme Research (KOSOKEN); The University of Tokushima; Tokushima, Japan
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Li J, Yang J, Cheng D, Shen SL, Xiong CL. New clues to identify proteins correlated with Attractin. Andrologia 2013; 46:796-804. [PMID: 23998293 DOI: 10.1111/and.12151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J. Li
- Reproductive Medical Center; Renmin hospital of Wuhan University; Wuhan China
- Family Planning Research Institute; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| | - J. Yang
- Reproductive Medical Center; Renmin hospital of Wuhan University; Wuhan China
| | - D. Cheng
- Reproductive Medical Center; Renmin hospital of Wuhan University; Wuhan China
- Family Planning Research Institute; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
| | - S.-L. Shen
- Department of Pathology; Kindstar Global; Wuhan China
| | - C.-L. Xiong
- Family Planning Research Institute; Tongji Medical College; Huazhong University of Science and Technology; Wuhan China
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Sun L, Yang H, Chen M, Ma D, Lin C. RNA-Seq reveals dynamic changes of gene expression in key stages of intestine regeneration in the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. [corrected]. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69441. [PMID: 23936330 PMCID: PMC3735544 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sea cucumbers (Holothuroidea; Echinodermata) have the capacity to regenerate lost tissues and organs. Although the histological and cytological aspects of intestine regeneration have been extensively studied, little is known of the genetic mechanisms involved. There has, however, been a renewed effort to develop a database of Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) in Apostichopus japonicus, an economically-important species that occurs in China. This is important for studies on genetic breeding, molecular markers and special physiological phenomena. We have also constructed a library of ESTs obtained from the regenerative body wall and intestine of A. japonicus. The database has increased to ~30000 ESTs. RESULTS We used RNA-Seq to determine gene expression profiles associated with intestinal regeneration in A. japonicus at 3, 7, 14 and 21 days post evisceration (dpe). This was compared to profiles obtained from a normally-functioning intestine. Approximately 5 million (M) reads were sequenced in every library. Over 2400 up-regulated genes (>10%) and over 1000 down-regulated genes (~5%) were observed at 3 and 7dpe (log2Ratio ≥ 1, FDR ≤ 0.001). Specific "Go terms" revealed that the DEGs (Differentially Expressed Genes) performed an important function at every regeneration stage. Besides some expected pathways (for example, Ribosome and Spliceosome pathway term), the "Notch signaling pathway," the "ECM-receptor interaction" and the "Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction" were significantly enriched. We also investigated the expression profiles of developmental genes, ECM-associated genes and Cytoskeletal genes. Twenty of the most important differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were verified by Real-time PCR, which resulted in a trend concordance of almost 100% between the two techniques. CONCLUSION Our studies demonstrated dynamic changes in global gene expression during intestine regeneration and presented a series of candidate genes and enriched pathways that contribute to intestine regeneration in sea cucumbers. This provides a foundation for future studies on the genetics/molecular mechanisms associated with intestine regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Sun
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Hongsheng Yang
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Muyan Chen
- Ocean University of China, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Deyou Ma
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Chenggang Lin
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
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36
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Xu X, Guo F, Lv X, Feng R, Min D, Ma L, Liu Y, Zhao J, Wang L, Chen T, Shaw C, Hao L, Cai J. Abnormal changes in voltage-gated sodium channels NaV1.1, NaV1.2, NaV1.3, NaV1.6 and in calmodulin/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, within the brains of spontaneously epileptic rats and tremor rats. Brain Res Bull 2013; 96:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2013.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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37
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SHANG XUEJUN, LIU JUAN, XU QIUYU, ZHANG QI, MA BO, WANG YONGLU, ZHANG ZYUEHUA, CAO XIAOMEI, ZHAN XUXIN. Changes in expression and distribution of attractin in the testes of rats at different developmental stages. Int J Mol Med 2013; 32:599-606. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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38
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Uchiyama K, Muramatsu N, Yano M, Usui T, Miyata H, Sakaguchi S. Prions disturb post-Golgi trafficking of membrane proteins. Nat Commun 2013; 4:1846. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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Hashimoto KI, Ueda S, Ehara A, Sakakibara SI, Yoshimoto K, Hirata K. Neuroprotective effects of melatonin on the nigrostriatal dopamine system in the zitter rat. Neurosci Lett 2012; 506:79-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2011.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2011] [Revised: 10/19/2011] [Accepted: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Hanaya R, Kiura Y, Serikawa T, Kurisu K, Arita K, Sasa M. Modulation of abnormal synaptic transmission in hippocampal CA3 neurons of spontaneously epileptic rats (SERs) by levetiracetam. Brain Res Bull 2011; 86:334-9. [PMID: 21968023 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2011.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2011] [Revised: 09/17/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Levetiracetam (LEV) inhibits partial refractory epilepsy in human, and both convulsive and absence-like seizures in the spontaneously epileptic rat (SER). Two-thirds of hippocampal CA3 neurons in SER show a long-lasting depolarization shift, with accompanying repetitive firing upon mossy fiber stimulation. This abnormal excitability is probably attributable to abnormalities in the L-type Ca(2+) channels. We performed electrophysiological studies to elucidate the mechanism underlying the antiepileptic effects of LEV via intracellular recording from the hippocampal CA3 neurons in slice preparations of SER and non-epileptic Wistar rats. LEV (100 μM) inhibited the depolarization shift with repetitive firing by mossy fiber stimulation (MFS), without affecting the first spike in SER CA3 neurons. At a higher dose (1mM), LEV suppressed the first spike in all SER neurons (including the CA3 neurons which showed only a single action potential by MFS), while the single action potential of Wistar rat CA3 neurons remained unaffected. SER CA3 neurons with MFS-induced abnormal firing exhibited a higher number of repetitive spikes when a depolarization pulse was applied in the SER CA3 neurons. LEV (100 μM, 1mM) reduced the repetitive firing induced by a depolarization pulse applied without affecting Ca(2+) spike in SER neurons. LEV is known not to bind glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors. These findings suggest that the therapeutic concentration of LEV inhibits abnormal firing of the CA3 neurons by modulating abnormal synaptic transmission and abnormal Na(+) channels in SER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Hanaya
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan.
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Sugata S, Hanaya R, Kumafuji K, Tokudome M, Serikawa T, Kurisu K, Arita K, Sasa M. Neuroprotective effect of levetiracetam on hippocampal sclerosis-like change in spontaneously epileptic rats. Brain Res Bull 2011; 86:36-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2011.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Revised: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 05/30/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kuramoto T, Kuwamura M, Tagami F, Mashimo T, Nose M, Serikawa T. Kyoto rhino rats derived by ENU mutagenesis undergo congenital hair loss and exhibit focal glomerulosclerosis. Exp Anim 2011; 60:57-63. [PMID: 21325752 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.60.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) mutagenesis is an important tool for studying gene function and establishing human disease models. Here, we report the characterization of a novel hairless mutant rat strain that carries a recessive mutation called Kyoto rhino (krh), which was created by ENU-mutagenesis. We produced a F344-krh strain through inbreeding without backcrossing to F344 rats. The krh/krh rats lost their coat hair by eight weeks of age. They also developed wrinkled skin, cystic hair canals and long curved nails by four months of age. Markedly dilated hair follicles that contained keratin debris were observed during histological analysis of the skin. The krh locus was mapped near the hairless (Hr) gene on chromosome 15. Sequence analysis revealed a nonsense mutation (c. 1238 C>A, p. S413X) in the Hr gene. The truncated HR protein was deduced to lack a zinc-finger domain and repression domains. In aged Hr(krh)/Hr(krh) rats, focal glomerulosclerosis (FGS) was observed in which collapsed glomeruli contained protein exudates in Bowman's capsule. Mesangial matrices that had proliferated in segments and foot processes that were fused in podocytes were also observed. The Hr(krh)/Hr(krh) rats also suffered from significant proteinuria. Given its breeding history, the F344-Hr(krh) strain may harbor ENU-induced mutation(s) that underlie FGS in addition to having the Hr(krh) mutation. The F344-Hr(krh) rat is a useful model of skin disease and may provide a new model system for the examination of the pathogenesis of FGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kuramoto
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Kuramoto T, Kuwamura M, Tokuda S, Izawa T, Nakane Y, Kitada K, Akao M, Guénet JL, Serikawa T. A mutation in the gene encoding mitochondrial Mg²+ channel MRS2 results in demyelination in the rat. PLoS Genet 2011; 7:e1001262. [PMID: 21253565 PMCID: PMC3017111 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1001262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2010] [Accepted: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The rat demyelination (dmy) mutation serves as a unique model system to investigate the maintenance of myelin, because it provokes severe myelin breakdown in the central nervous system (CNS) after normal postnatal completion of myelination. Here, we report the molecular characterization of this mutation and discuss the possible pathomechanisms underlying demyelination. By positional cloning, we found that a G-to-A transition, 177 bp downstream of exon 3 of the Mrs2 (MRS2 magnesium homeostasis factor (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)) gene, generated a novel splice acceptor site which resulted in functional inactivation of the mutant allele. Transgenic rescue with wild-type Mrs2-cDNA validated our findings. Mrs2 encodes an essential component of the major Mg2+ influx system in mitochondria of yeast as well as human cells. We showed that the dmy/dmy rats have major mitochondrial deficits with a markedly elevated lactic acid concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid, a 60% reduction in ATP, and increased numbers of mitochondria in the swollen cytoplasm of oligodendrocytes. MRS2-GFP recombinant BAC transgenic rats showed that MRS2 was dominantly expressed in neurons rather than oligodendrocytes and was ultrastructurally observed in the inner membrane of mitochondria. Our observations led to the conclusion that dmy/dmy rats suffer from a mitochondrial disease and that the maintenance of myelin has a different mechanism from its initial production. They also established that Mg2+ homeostasis in CNS mitochondria is essential for the maintenance of myelin. The myelin sheath that surrounds the axon of a neuron acts as a biological insulator. Its major function is to increase the speed at which impulses propagate along myelinated fibers in the central nervous system, as well as the peripheral nervous system. Alterations or damage affecting this structure (demyelination) result in the disruption of signals between the brain and other parts of the body. In the rat, mutations producing demyelination have been frequently identified and characterized and have contributed to a better understanding of the genetics of myelin development, physiology, and pathology. This paper reports the molecular characterization of a recessive allele responsible for the progressive disruption of myelin that was initially observed in mutant rats, previously named demyelination (dmy). This mutation generates an additional splicing acceptor site in an intron of the mitochondrial Mg2+ transporter gene (Mrs2), resulting in the insertion of a 83-bp genomic DNA segment into the Mrs2 transcript and complete functional inactivation of the mutant allele. We firstly defined the biological function of MRS2 in mammals and demonstrated the crucial and unexpected role of MRS2 in myelin physiology. Our findings might be helpful in the development of new therapeutic strategies for demyelinating syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kuramoto
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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44
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Kanduc D. Describing the hexapeptide identity platform between the influenza A H5N1 and Homo sapiens proteomes. Biologics 2010; 4:245-61. [PMID: 20859452 PMCID: PMC2943197 DOI: 10.2147/btt.s12097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We searched the primary sequence of influenza A H5N1 polyprotein for hexamer amino acid sequences shared with human proteins using the Protein International Resource database and the exact peptide matching analysis program. We find that the viral polyprotein shares numerous hexapeptides with the human proteome. The human proteins involved in the viral overlap are represented by antigens associated with basic cell functions such as proliferation, development, and differentiation. Of special importance, many human proteins that share peptide sequences with influenza A polyprotein are antigens such as reelin, neurexin I-α, myosin-IXa, Bardet–Biedl syndrome 10 protein, Williams syndrome transcription factor, disrupted in schizophrenia 1 protein, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 2 chromosomal region candidate gene 17 protein, fragile X mental retardation 2 protein, and jouberin. That is, the viral-vs-human overlap involves human proteins that, when altered, have been reported to be potentially associated with multiple neurological disorders that can include autism, epilepsy, obesity, dystonia, ataxia–telangiectasia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, sensorineural deafness, sudden infant death syndrome, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, and myelination. The present data are discussed as a possible molecular basis for understanding influenza A viral escape from immunosurveillance and for defining anti-influenza immune-therapeutic approaches devoid of collateral adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darja Kanduc
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bari, Italy
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45
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Stark Z, Bruno DL, Mountford H, Lockhart PJ, Amor DJ. De novo 325 kb microdeletion in chromosome band 10q25.3 including ATRNL1 in a boy with cognitive impairment, autism and dysmorphic features. Eur J Med Genet 2010; 53:337-9. [PMID: 20670697 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2010.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2010] [Accepted: 07/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We provide the first description of a patient with a heterozygous deletion of the Attractin-like (ATRNL1) gene. The patient presented with a novel and distinctive phenotype comprising dysmorphic facial appearance, ventricular septal defect, toe syndactyly, radioulnar synostosis, postnatal growth retardation, cognitive impairment with autistic features, and ataxia. A 325 kb de novo deletion in ATRNL1 was demonstrated using SNP microarray and confirmed by FISH analysis using BAC probes. Sequence analysis of the undeleted allele did not identify any alterations, suggesting that the phenotype was the result of haploinusfficiency. ATRNL1 and its paralog ATRN are highly conserved transmembrane proteins thought to be involved in cell adhesion and signalling events. The phenotype of mice with homozygous Atrn mutations overlaps considerably with the features observed in our patient. We therefore postulate that our patient's phenotype is caused by the deletion of ATRNL1, and provide further insight into the role of ATRNL1 in human development.
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46
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Lin G, Mela A, Guilfoyle EM, Goldman JE. Neonatal and adult O4(+) oligodendrocyte lineage cells display different growth factor responses and different gene expression patterns. J Neurosci Res 2010; 87:3390-402. [PMID: 19360905 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.22065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes are the myelinating cells of the central nervous system. Although the CNS possesses the ability to repair demyelinating insults, in certain cases, such as the chronic lesions found in multiple sclerosis, remyelination fails. Cycling cells capable of becoming oligodendrocytes have been identified in both the developing and the adult mammalian forebrain. Many studies have focused on differences in gene expression profiles as oligodendrocyte progenitors differentiate into myelinating oligodendrocytes by isolating cells at different developmental stages from animals at a single age. However, few have studied the differences that exist between the progenitors of the neonatal CNS and those of the adult CNS. This study examined the response of neonatal and adult O4(+) cells to platelet-derived growth factor-AA, basic fibroblast growth factor, and insulin-like growth factor-1 and revealed marked differences. Whereas adult cells readily differentiated in vitro, the majority of neonatal progenitors remained immature. Microarray analysis was used to examine differences between acutely isolated neonatal and adult progenitors further. Gene expression profiles showed that the adult O4(+) cells are more developmentally mature than neonatal cells. Neonatal cells expressed higher levels of genes involved in proliferation. Adult O4(+) cells expressed higher levels of transcripts for genes involved in cell death and survival. Therefore, O4(+) cells from the adult differ greatly from those of the neonate, and the developmental stage of the animal models utilized must be taken into consideration when applying principles from neonatal systems to the adult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Lin
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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47
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Izawa T, Yamate J, Franklin RJ, Kuwamura M. Abnormal myelinogenesis both in the white and gray matter of the attractin-deficient mv rat. Brain Res 2010; 1312:145-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2009.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2009] [Revised: 11/10/2009] [Accepted: 11/11/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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48
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KURAMOTO T, YOKOE M, YAGASAKI K, KAWAGUCHI T, KUMAFUJI K, SERIKAWA T. Genetic Analyses of Fancy Rat-Derived Mutations. Exp Anim 2010; 59:147-55. [DOI: 10.1538/expanim.59.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi KURAMOTO
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University
| | - Mayuko YOKOE
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University
| | - Kayoko YAGASAKI
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University
| | - Tatsuya KAWAGUCHI
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University
| | - Kenta KUMAFUJI
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University
| | - Tadao SERIKAWA
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University
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49
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Abstract
Genetic mapping and positional cloning of genetically complex traits in the laboratory rat (Rattus norvegicus) has recently led to the identification of various susceptibility genes in different rat models. Rat genetics has benefited from revolutionary advances in molecular biology, genetics, genomics and informatics and provide an unparalleled resource for molecular genetic investigation of mammalian physiopathology and its underlying complex genetic architecture. In this review, we will consider different strategies that are being used in the successful positional cloning of rat complex trait genes in the context of recent progress in rodent and human genetics.
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50
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Ehara A, Ueda S. Application of Fluoro-Jade C in acute and chronic neurodegeneration models: utilities and staining differences. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2009; 42:171-9. [PMID: 20126570 PMCID: PMC2808500 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.09018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2009] [Accepted: 09/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent neuropathological studies have shown that Fluoro-Jade C (FJC), an anionic fluorescent dye, is a good marker of degenerating neurons. However, those studies have mostly examined acute rather than chronic models of neurodegeneration. We therefore compared FJC staining using the intrastriatal 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-injected rat as an acute model and the zitter rat as a chronic model, as both show dopaminergic (DA) neurodegeneration. In the 6-OHDA-injected rat, FJC-positive neurons were found in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) before the loss of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive DA neurons. In the zitter rat, FJC-labeled fibers were first detected at 1 month old (1M) and were considerably increased in the striatum at 4M, whereas FJC-labeled cell bodies were found at 4M, but not at 1M in the SNc. Furthermore, FJC-labeled neurons of the zitter rat showed TH-immunoreactivity in fibers, but little in cell bodies, while those from the 6-OHDA-injected rat showed TH-immunoreactivity even in the cell bodies. These results demonstrate that FJC is a useful tool for detecting chronically degenerating neurons, and suggest that intracellular substances bound to FJC may accumulate in the cell bodies from fibers at a slower rate in the chronic model than in the acute model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayuka Ehara
- Department of Histology and Neurobiology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Shuichi Ueda
- Department of Histology and Neurobiology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine
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