1
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Qiao L, Dong C, Jia W, Ma B. NAA20 recruits Rin2 and promotes triple-negative breast cancer progression by regulating Rab5A-mediated activation of EGFR signaling. Cell Signal 2023; 112:110922. [PMID: 37827343 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype with poor prognosis and high mortality. To improve the prognosis and survival of TNBC patients, it is necessary to explore new targets and signaling pathways to develop novel therapies for TNBC treatment. N-α-acetyltransferase 20 (NAA20) is one of the catalytic subunits of N-terminal acetyltransferase (NatB). It has been reported that NAA20 played a critical role in cancer progression. In this study, we found that NAA20 expression was markedly higher in TNBC tissues than in paracancerous normal tissues using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) analysis. This result was further confirmed by qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Knockdown of NAA20 significantly inhibited TNBC cell viability by CCK8 and colony formation assays and cell migration and invasion by Transwell assays. Additionally, NAA20 knockdown decreased the expression of EGFR in TNBC cells. Upon stimulation with EGF and knockdown of NAA20, EGFR internalization and degradation were observed by confocal microscopy. The western blot results showed that NAA20 knockdown down-regulated PI3K, AKT, and mTOR phosphorylation. Next, we further explored the underlying molecular mechanisms of NAA20 by co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP). The results suggested that there was an interacting relationship between NAA20 and Rab5A. Over-expression of NAA20 could potentiate the expression of Rab5A. Furthermore, the knockdown of Rab5A inhibited EGFR expression and the phosphorylation of downstream signaling targets. NAA20 over-expression offset the knockdown effect of Rab5A and activated EGFR signaling. Finally, we constructed a xenograft mouse model transfected TNBC cells to investigate the role of NAA20 in vivo. NAA20 knockdown markedly suppressed tumor growth and decreased tumor volume and weight. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that NAA20, a novel target of TNBC, could promote TNBC progression by regulating Rab5A-mediated activation of EGFR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qiao
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Xinjiang Medical University affiliated Tumor Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 830000, China
| | - Chao Dong
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Xinjiang Medical University affiliated Tumor Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 830000, China
| | - Wenlei Jia
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Xinjiang Medical University affiliated Tumor Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 830000, China
| | - Binlin Ma
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Xinjiang Medical University affiliated Tumor Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 830000, China.
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2
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Pujals M, Mayans C, Bellio C, Méndez O, Greco E, Fasani R, Alemany-Chavarria M, Zamora E, Padilla L, Mitjans F, Nuciforo P, Canals F, Nonell L, Abad M, Saura C, Tabernero J, Villanueva J. RAGE/SNAIL1 signaling drives epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer. Oncogene 2023; 42:2610-2628. [PMID: 37468678 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02778-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial/Mesenchymal (E/M) plasticity plays a fundamental role both in embryogenesis and during tumorigenesis. The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is a driver of cell plasticity in fibrotic diseases; however, its role and molecular mechanism in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that RAGE signaling maintains the mesenchymal phenotype of aggressive TNBC cells by enforcing the expression of SNAIL1. Besides, we uncover a crosstalk mechanism between the TGF-β and RAGE pathways that is required for the acquisition of mesenchymal traits in TNBC cells. Consistently, RAGE inhibition elicits epithelial features that block migration and invasion capacities. Next, since RAGE is a sensor of the tumor microenvironment, we modeled acute acidosis in TNBC cells and showed it promotes enhanced production of RAGE ligands and the activation of RAGE-dependent invasive properties. Furthermore, acute acidosis increases SNAIL1 levels and tumor cell invasion in a RAGE-dependent manner. Finally, we demonstrate that in vivo inhibition of RAGE reduces metastasis incidence and expands survival, consistent with molecular effects that support the relevance of RAGE signaling in E/M plasticity. These results uncover new molecular insights on the regulation of E/M phenotypes in cancer metastasis and provide rationale for pharmacological intervention of this signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Pujals
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carla Mayans
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Chiara Bellio
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Méndez
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emanuela Greco
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roberta Fasani
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Alemany-Chavarria
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Zamora
- Medical Oncology Service, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Laura Padilla
- LEITAT Technological Center, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Paolo Nuciforo
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Canals
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lara Nonell
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Abad
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
- Altos Labs Cambridge Institute of Science, Cambridge, UK
| | - Cristina Saura
- Medical Oncology Service, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Josep Tabernero
- Medical Oncology Service, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain
- IOB Institute of Oncology, Quiron Group (Quiron-IOB), Barcelona, Spain
- University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Villanueva
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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3
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Barcellos-Hoff MH, Gulley JL. Molecular Pathways and Mechanisms of TGFβ in Cancer Therapy. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:2025-2033. [PMID: 36598437 PMCID: PMC10238558 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-3750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Even though the number of agents that inhibit TGFβ being tested in patients with cancer has grown substantially, clinical benefit from TGFβ inhibition has not yet been achieved. The myriad mechanisms in which TGFβ is protumorigenic may be a key obstacle to its effective deployment; cancer cells frequently employ TGFβ-regulated programs that engender plasticity, enable a permissive tumor microenvironment, and profoundly suppress immune recognition, which is the target of most current early-phase trials of TGFβ inhibitors. Here we discuss the implications of a less well-recognized aspect of TGFβ biology regulating DNA repair that mediates responses to radiation and chemotherapy. In cancers that are TGFβ signaling competent, TGFβ promotes effective DNA repair and suppresses error-prone repair, thus conferring resistance to genotoxic therapies and limiting tumor control. Cancers in which TGFβ signaling is intrinsically compromised are more responsive to standard genotoxic therapy. Recognition that TGFβ is a key moderator of both DNA repair and immunosuppression might be used to synergize combinations of genotoxic therapy and immunotherapy to benefit patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Helen Barcellos-Hoff
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - James L. Gulley
- Center for Immuno-Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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4
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Turati M, Mousset A, Issa N, Turtoi A, Ronca R. TGF-β mediated drug resistance in solid cancer. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2023; 71-72:54-65. [PMID: 37100675 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is an important signaling molecule which is expressed in three different isoforms in mammals (i.e. TGF-β1, -β2, and -β3). The interaction between TGF-β and its receptor triggers several pathways, which are classified into SMAD-dependent (canonical) and SMAD-independent (non-canonical) signaling, whose activation/transduction is finely regulated by several mechanisms. TGF-β is involved in many physiological and pathological processes, assuming a dualistic role in cancer progression depending on tumor stage. Indeed, TGF-β inhibits cell proliferation in early-stage tumor cells, while it promotes cancer progression and invasion in advanced tumors, where high levels of TGF-β have been reported in both tumor and stromal cells. In particular, TGF-β signaling has been found to be strongly activated in cancers after treatment with chemotherapeutic agents and radiotherapy, resulting in the onset of drug resistance conditions. In this review we provide an up-to-date description of several mechanisms involved in TGF-β-mediated drug resistance, and we report different strategies that are currently under development in order to target TGF-β pathway and increase tumor sensitivity to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Turati
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alexandra Mousset
- Tumor Microenvironment and Resistance to Treatment Lab, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERMU1194, Institut du Cancer de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, France
| | - Nervana Issa
- Tumor Microenvironment and Resistance to Treatment Lab, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERMU1194, Institut du Cancer de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, France
| | - Andrei Turtoi
- Tumor Microenvironment and Resistance to Treatment Lab, Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERMU1194, Institut du Cancer de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, France.
| | - Roberto Ronca
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
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5
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Ijima S, Saito Y, Nagaoka K, Yamamoto S, Sato T, Miura N, Iwamoto T, Miyajima M, Chikenji TS. Fisetin reduces the senescent tubular epithelial cell burden and also inhibits proliferative fibroblasts in murine lupus nephritis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:960601. [PMID: 36466895 PMCID: PMC9714549 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.960601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease characterized by the involvement of multiple organs. Lupus nephritis (LN) is a major risk factor for overall morbidity and mortality in SLE patients. Hence, designing effective drugs is pivotal for treating individuals with LN. Fisetin plays a senolytic role by specifically eliminating senescent cells, inhibiting cell proliferation, and exerting anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-tumorigenic effects. However, limited research has been conducted on the utility and therapeutic mechanisms of fisetin in chronic inflammation. Similarly, whether the effects of fisetin depend on cell type remains unclear. In this study, we found that LN-prone MRL/lpr mice demonstrated accumulation of Ki-67-positive myofibroblasts and p15INK4B-positive senescent tubular epithelial cells (TECs) that highly expressed transforming growth factor β (TGF-β). TGF-β stimulation induced senescence of NRK-52E renal TECs and proliferation of NRK-49F renal fibroblasts, suggesting that TGF-β promotes senescence and proliferation in a cell type-dependent manner, which is inhibited by fisetin treatment in vitro. Furthermore, fisetin treatment in vivo reduced the number of senescent TECs and myofibroblasts, which attenuated kidney fibrosis, reduced senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) expression, and increased TEC proliferation. These data suggest that the effects of fisetin vary depending on the cell type and may have therapeutic effects in complex and diverse LN pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Ijima
- Department of Oral Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuki Saito
- Department of Anatomy, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kentaro Nagaoka
- Department of Anatomy, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sena Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Sato
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Norihiro Miura
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Taiki Iwamoto
- Department of Anatomy, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Maki Miyajima
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takako S. Chikenji
- Department of Anatomy, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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6
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Roles of TGF- β in cancer hallmarks and emerging onco-therapeutic design. Expert Rev Mol Med 2022; 24:e42. [PMID: 36345661 DOI: 10.1017/erm.2022.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) is a double-edged sword in cancer treatment because of its pivotal yet complex and roles played during cancer initiation/development. Current anti-cancer strategies involving TGF-β largely view TGF-β as an onco-therapeutic target that not only substantially hinders its full utilisation for cancer control, but also considerably restricts innovations in this field. Thereby, how to take advantages of therapeutically favourable properties of TGF-β for cancer management represents an interesting and less investigated problem. Here, by categorising cancer hallmarks into four critical transition events and one enabling characteristic controlling cancer initiation and progression, and delineating TGF-β complexities according to these cancer traits, we identify the suppressive role of TGF-β in tumour initiation and early-stage progression and its promotive functionalities in cancer metastasis as well as other cancer hallmarks. We also propose the feasibility and possible scenarios of combining cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) with onco-therapeutics utilising TGF-β for cancer control given the intrinsic properties of CAP against cancer hallmarks.
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7
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Futami K, Sato S, Maita M, Katagiri T. Lack of a p16 INK4a/ARF locus in fish genome may underlie senescence resistance in the fish cell line, EPC. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 133:104420. [PMID: 35417735 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Unlike most mammalian cell lines, fish cell lines are immortal and resistant to cellular senescence. Elevated expression of H-Ras contributes to the induction of senescence in a fish cell line, EPC, but is not sufficient to induce full senescence. Here, we focused on the absence of a p16INK4a/ARF locus in the fish genome, and investigated whether this might be a critical determinant of the resistance of EPC cells to full senescence. We found that transfected EPC cells constitutively overexpressing p16INK4a exhibited large size and flat morphology characteristic of prematurely senescent cells; the cells also showed p53-independent senescence-like growth arrest and senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity. Furthermore, the mRNA levels of proinflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors increased in EPC cells constitutively overexpressing p16INK4a. These results suggest that the lack of p16INK4a in the fish genome may be a critical determinant of senescence resistance in fish cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunihiko Futami
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Konan 4-5-7, Minato, Tokyo, 108-8477, Japan.
| | - Shunichi Sato
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Konan 4-5-7, Minato, Tokyo, 108-8477, Japan
| | - Masashi Maita
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Konan 4-5-7, Minato, Tokyo, 108-8477, Japan
| | - Takayuki Katagiri
- Department of Marine Biosciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Konan 4-5-7, Minato, Tokyo, 108-8477, Japan
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8
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Kita A, Saito Y, Miura N, Miyajima M, Yamamoto S, Sato T, Yotsuyanagi T, Fujimiya M, Chikenji TS. Altered regulation of mesenchymal cell senescence in adipose tissue promotes pathological changes associated with diabetic wound healing. Commun Biol 2022; 5:310. [PMID: 35383267 PMCID: PMC8983691 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03266-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathologic diabetic wound healing is caused by sequential and progressive deterioration of hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and resolution/remodeling. Cellular senescence promotes wound healing; however, diabetic wounds exhibit low levels of senescent factors and accumulate senescent cells, which impair the healing process. Here we show that the number of p15INK4B + PDGFRα + senescent mesenchymal cells in adipose tissue increases transiently during early phases of wound healing in both non-diabetic mice and humans. Transplantation of adipose tissue from diabetic mice into non-diabetic mice results in impaired wound healing and an altered cellular senescence–associated secretory phenotype (SASP), suggesting that insufficient induction of adipose tissue senescence after injury is a pathological mechanism of diabetic wound healing. These results provide insight into how regulation of senescence in adipose tissue contributes to wound healing and could constitute a basis for developing therapeutic treatment for wound healing impairment in diabetes. Type-2 diabetic adipose tissue impairs transient senescence during wound healing with expression of different components of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), and this is associated with deteriorated wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arisa Kita
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuki Saito
- Department of Anatomy, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Norihiro Miura
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Maki Miyajima
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sena Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Sato
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Yotsuyanagi
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mineko Fujimiya
- Department of Anatomy, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takako S Chikenji
- Department of Anatomy, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan. .,Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
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9
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Liu S, Ren J, Ten Dijke P. Targeting TGFβ signal transduction for cancer therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:8. [PMID: 33414388 PMCID: PMC7791126 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00436-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) family members are structurally and functionally related cytokines that have diverse effects on the regulation of cell fate during embryonic development and in the maintenance of adult tissue homeostasis. Dysregulation of TGFβ family signaling can lead to a plethora of developmental disorders and diseases, including cancer, immune dysfunction, and fibrosis. In this review, we focus on TGFβ, a well-characterized family member that has a dichotomous role in cancer progression, acting in early stages as a tumor suppressor and in late stages as a tumor promoter. The functions of TGFβ are not limited to the regulation of proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and metastasis of cancer cells. Recent reports have related TGFβ to effects on cells that are present in the tumor microenvironment through the stimulation of extracellular matrix deposition, promotion of angiogenesis, and suppression of the anti-tumor immune reaction. The pro-oncogenic roles of TGFβ have attracted considerable attention because their intervention provides a therapeutic approach for cancer patients. However, the critical function of TGFβ in maintaining tissue homeostasis makes targeting TGFβ a challenge. Here, we review the pleiotropic functions of TGFβ in cancer initiation and progression, summarize the recent clinical advancements regarding TGFβ signaling interventions for cancer treatment, and discuss the remaining challenges and opportunities related to targeting this pathway. We provide a perspective on synergistic therapies that combine anti-TGFβ therapy with cytotoxic chemotherapy, targeted therapy, radiotherapy, or immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijia Liu
- Oncode Institute and Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jiang Ren
- Oncode Institute and Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Ten Dijke
- Oncode Institute and Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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10
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Özcan E, Saygun I, Kantarcı A, Özarslantürk S, Serdar MA, Özgürtaş T. The effects of a novel non-invasive application of platelet-rich fibrin on periodontal clinical parameters and gingival crevicular fluid transforming growth factor-β and collagen-1 levels: A randomized, controlled, clinical study. J Periodontol 2021; 92:1252-1261. [PMID: 33382101 DOI: 10.1002/jper.20-0713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several potential benefits have been attributed to the platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), including enhanced tissue healing properties. In this study, we hypothesized that the application of PRF as an adjunct to conventional scaling and root planing (ScRp) would enhance the outcomes of non-surgical periodontal therapy. METHODS The present study was a split-mouth randomized controlled clinical trial design in 24 deep periodontal pockets in 12 patients with periodontitis. The pockets were randomly assigned as test or control. The test group received PRF as an adjunct to ScRp, whereas the control group received ScRp only. We measured periodontal clinical parameters at baseline, 3, and 6 months after the treatments. To study the initial healing in response to treatment, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and collagen-1 (Col-1) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at baseline, third, seventh, and 14th days. RESULTS The test group showed a significantly greater pocket reduction, higher clinical attachment gain, and less gingival recession than the control group at 3 and 6 months. The test Col-1 levels (1.27 ± 1.05, 1.35 ± 0.76, 0.97 ± 0.53 ng/site) and TGF-β levels (11.93 ± 2.68, 12.54 ± 3.66, 17.19 ± 11.66 pg/site) were higher than the control Col-1 levels (0.76 ± 0.20, 0.84 ± 0.24, 0.57 ± 0.19 ng/site) and TGF-β levels (6.34 ± 1.67, 6.35 ± 3.44, 7.51 ± 2.85 pg/site) at all measurement days respectively. CONCLUSIONS Non-surgical application of the PRF as an adjunct to conventional ScRp may effectively improve the periodontal clinical parameters via increasing expression of the GCF TGF-β and Col-1 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkan Özcan
- Gulhane Dentistry Faculty, Department of Periodontology, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Işıl Saygun
- Gulhane Dentistry Faculty, Department of Periodontology, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Savaş Özarslantürk
- Gulhane Dentistry Faculty, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Taner Özgürtaş
- Gulhane Medical Faculty, Department of Biochemistry, Health Sciences University, Ankara, Turkey
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11
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Goulet CR, Pouliot F. TGFβ Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1270:89-105. [PMID: 33123995 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-47189-7_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) is a pleiotropic growth factor. Under normal physiological conditions, TGFβ maintains homeostasis in mammalian tissues by restraining the growth of cells and stimulating apoptosis. However, the role of TGFβ signaling in the carcinogenesis is complex. TGFβ acts as a tumor suppressor in the early stages of disease and as a tumor promoter in its later stages where cancer cells have been relieved from TGFβ growth controls. Overproduction of TGFβ by cancer cells lead to a local fibrotic and immune-suppressive microenvironment that fosters tumor growth and correlates with invasive and metastatic behavior of the cancer cells. Here, we present an overview of the complex biology of the TGFβ family, and we discuss the roles of TGFβ signaling in carcinogenesis and how this knowledge is being leveraged to develop TGFβ inhibition therapies against the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Ringuette Goulet
- Oncology Division, CHU de Québec Research Center, Quebec, QC, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Frédéric Pouliot
- Oncology Division, CHU de Québec Research Center, Quebec, QC, Canada.
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada.
- Department of surgery, CHU de Québec Research Center - Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
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12
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Shi C, Yang EJ, Liu Y, Mou PK, Ren G, Shim JS. Bromodomain and extra-terminal motif (BET) inhibition is synthetic lethal with loss of SMAD4 in colorectal cancer cells via restoring the loss of MYC repression. Oncogene 2020; 40:937-950. [PMID: 33293694 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01580-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor SMAD4 is frequently mutated in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, no effective targeted therapies exist for CRC with SMAD4 loss. Here, we employed a synthetic lethality drug screening in isogenic SMAD4+/+ and SMAD4-/- HCT116 CRC cells and found that bromodomain and extra-terminal motif (BET) inhibitors, as selective drugs for the growth of SMAD4-/- HCT116 cells. BET inhibition selectively induced G1 cell cycle arrest in SMAD4-/- cells and this effect was accompanied by the reprogramming of the MYC-p21 axis. Mechanistically, SMAD4 is a transcription repressor of MYC, and MYC in turn represses p21 transcription. SMAD4-/- cells lost MYC repression ability, thereby causing the cells addicted to the MYC oncogenic signaling. BET inhibition significantly reduced MYC level and restored p21 expression in SMAD4-/- cells, inducing the selective growth arrest. The ectopic overexpression of MYC or the silencing of p21 could rescue the BET inhibitor-induced growth arrest in SMAD4-/- cells, verifying this model. Tumor xenograft mouse experiments further demonstrated the synthetic lethality interaction between BET and SMAD4 in vivo. Taken together, our data suggest that BET could be a potential drug target for the treatment of SMAD4-deficient CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changxiang Shi
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Eun Ju Yang
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Yifan Liu
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Pui Kei Mou
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Guowen Ren
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Joong Sup Shim
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR, China.
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Hosseini K, Taubenberger A, Werner C, Fischer‐Friedrich E. EMT-Induced Cell-Mechanical Changes Enhance Mitotic Rounding Strength. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2001276. [PMID: 33042748 PMCID: PMC7539203 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
To undergo mitosis successfully, most animal cells need to acquire a round shape to provide space for the mitotic spindle. This mitotic rounding relies on mechanical deformation of surrounding tissue and is driven by forces emanating from actomyosin contractility. Cancer cells are able to maintain successful mitosis in mechanically challenging environments such as the increasingly crowded environment of a growing tumor, thus, suggesting an enhanced ability of mitotic rounding in cancer. Here, it is shown that the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a hallmark of cancer progression and metastasis, gives rise to cell-mechanical changes in breast epithelial cells. These changes are opposite in interphase and mitosis and correspond to an enhanced mitotic rounding strength. Furthermore, it is shown that cell-mechanical changes correlate with a strong EMT-induced change in the activity of Rho GTPases RhoA and Rac1. Accordingly, it is found that Rac1 inhibition rescues the EMT-induced cortex-mechanical phenotype. The findings hint at a new role of EMT in successful mitotic rounding and division in mechanically confined environments such as a growing tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamran Hosseini
- Biotechnology CenterTechnische Universität DresdenTatzberg 47–49Dresden01307Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Physics of LifeTechnische Universität DresdenDresden01062Germany
| | - Anna Taubenberger
- Biotechnology CenterTechnische Universität DresdenTatzberg 47–49Dresden01307Germany
| | - Carsten Werner
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research DresdenMax Bergmann CenterHohe Str. 6Dresden01069Germany
| | - Elisabeth Fischer‐Friedrich
- Biotechnology CenterTechnische Universität DresdenTatzberg 47–49Dresden01307Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Physics of LifeTechnische Universität DresdenDresden01062Germany
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14
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Ding H, Fang M, Gong Y, Li D, Zhang C, Wen G, Wu C, Yang J, Yang Y. Smad3 gene C-terminal phosphorylation site mutation aggravates CCl 4 -induced inflammation in mice. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:7044-7054. [PMID: 32406200 PMCID: PMC7299733 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression of C‐terminal phosphorylated Smad3 (pSmad3C) is down‐regulated with the progression of liver disease. Thus, we hypothesized that pSmad3C expression may be negatively related to liver disease. To develop novel therapeutic strategies, a suitable animal model is required that will allow researchers to study the effect of Smad3 domain‐specific phosphorylation on liver disease progression. The current study aimed to construct a new mouse model with the Smad3 C‐terminal phosphorylation site mutation and to explore the effects of this mutation on CCl4‐induced inflammation. Smad3 C‐terminal phosphorylation site mutant mice were generated using TetraOne™ gene fixed‐point knock‐in technology and embryonic stem cell microinjection. Resulting mice were identified by genotyping, and the effects on inflammation were explored in the presence or absence of CCl4. No homozygous mice were born, indicating that the mutation is embryonic lethal. There was no significant difference in liver phenotype and growth between the wild‐type (WT) and heterozygous (HT) mice in the absence of reagent stimulation. After CCl4‐induced acute and chronic liver damage, liver pathology, serum transaminase (ALT/AST) expression and levels of inflammatory factors (IL‐6/TNF‐α) were more severely altered in HT mice than in WT mice. Furthermore, pSmad3C protein levels were lower in liver tissue from HT mice. These results suggest that Smad3 C‐terminal phosphorylation may have a protective effect during the early stages of liver injury. In summary, we have generated a new animal model that will be a novel tool for future research on the effects of Smad3 domain‐specific phosphorylation on liver disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyan Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Meng Fang
- Department of Anatomy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yongfang Gong
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Guanghua Wen
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jingjing Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immunopharmacology, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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15
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Park D, Yoon G, Kim E, Lee T, Kim K, Lee PCW, Chang E, Choi S. Wip1 regulates Smad4 phosphorylation and inhibits TGF-β signaling. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e48693. [PMID: 32103600 PMCID: PMC7202204 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201948693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor Smad4, a key mediator of the TGF-β/BMP pathways, is essential for development and tissue homeostasis. Phosphorylation of Smad4 in its linker region catalyzed by the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) plays a pivotal role in regulating its transcriptional activity and stability. In contrast, roles of Smad4 dephosphorylation as a control mechanism of TGF-β/BMP signaling and the phosphatases responsible for its dephosphorylation remain so far elusive. Here, we identify Wip1 as a Smad4 phosphatase. Wip1 selectively binds and dephosphorylates Smad4 at Thr277, a key MAPK phosphorylation site, thereby regulating its nuclear accumulation and half-life. In Xenopus embryos, Wip1 limits mesoderm formation and favors neural induction by inhibiting TGF-β/BMP signals. Wip1 restrains TGF-β-induced growth arrest, migration, and invasion in human cells and enhances the tumorigenicity of cancer cells by repressing the antimitogenic activity of Smad4. We propose that Wip1-dependent dephosphorylation of Smad4 is critical for the regulation of TGF-β signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong‐Seok Park
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Gang‐Ho Yoon
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Eun‐Young Kim
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Taehyeong Lee
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Kyuhee Kim
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Peter CW Lee
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Eun‐Ju Chang
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea
| | - Sun‐Cheol Choi
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulKorea
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16
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Dittmer A, Lange T, Leyh B, Dittmer J. Protein‑ and growth‑modulatory effects of carcinoma‑associated fibroblasts on breast cancer cells: Role of interleukin‑6. Int J Oncol 2019; 56:258-272. [PMID: 31789400 PMCID: PMC6910226 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) secrete factors that increase the expression and/or activities of proteins in breast cancer cells and induce resistance to anti-estrogens, such as fulvestrant. A major factor is interleukin-6 (IL-6). This study demonstrated that, across estrogen receptor (ER) α-positive and -negative cell lines, recombinant human IL-6 (rhIL-6) mimicked most of the CAF-conditioned medium (CM)-induced changes in protein expression patterns; however, in most cases, it failed to recapitulate CAF-CM-triggered alterations in ERK1/2 and AKT activities. The ability of rhIL-6 to induce fulvestrant resistance was dependent upon the culture conditions. In 3D, but not in 2D cultures, rhIL-6 increased the survival of fulvestrant-treated cells, although not to the same extent as observed with CAF-CM. In 2D cultures, rhIL-6 acted in a pro-apoptotic manner and decreased the expression of ATP-binding cassette transporter G2 (ABCG2). The inhibition of the PI3K/AKT pathway had similar effects on apoptosis and ABCG2 expression, linking the failure of rhIL-6 to induce fulvestrant resistance to its inability to activate the PI3K/AKT pathway. In 3D cultures, both CAF-CM and rhIL-6 acted in an anti-apoptotic manner. These activities are likely independent on the PI3K/AKT pathway and ABCG2. Experiments on ERα-negative breast cancer cells revealed a growth-inhibitory effects of both CAF-CM and rhIL-6, which coincided with a reduction in the c-Myc level. These data suggest that IL-6 plays a role in several effects of CAF-CM, including alterations in protein expression patterns, fulvestrant resistance in 3D cultures and growth inhibition. By contrast, IL-6 is unlikely to be responsible for the CAF-CM-induced activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway and fulvestrant resistance in 2D cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Dittmer
- Clinic for Gynecology, Martin Luther University Halle‑Wittenberg, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Theresia Lange
- Clinic for Gynecology, Martin Luther University Halle‑Wittenberg, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Benjamin Leyh
- Clinic for Gynecology, Martin Luther University Halle‑Wittenberg, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Jürgen Dittmer
- Clinic for Gynecology, Martin Luther University Halle‑Wittenberg, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
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17
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Horvat L, Madunić J, Grubar M, Antica M, Matulić M. Induction of Urokinase Activity by Retinoic Acid in Two Cell Lines of Neuronal Origin. Biomedicines 2019; 7:biomedicines7030070. [PMID: 31547462 PMCID: PMC6784121 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines7030070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid is one of the most well-known agents able to induce differentiation in several types of tumours. Unfortunately, most of the tumours are refractive to the differentiation cues. The aim of this investigation was to analyse the effects of prolonged treatment with retinoic acid on two cell lines of neural origin refractive to differentiation. Cells were also treated with retinoic acid in combination with a poly(ADP-ribosyl) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor because PARP1 is a known chromatin modulator and can influence the process of differentiation. The main methods comprised tumour cell line culturing and treatment; analysis of RNA and protein expression after cell treatment; as well as analysis of urokinase activity, migration, and proliferation. Both cell lines continued to proliferate under the prolonged treatment and showed increase in urokinase plasminogen activator activity. Analysis of gene expression and cell phenotype revealed different mechanisms, which only in neuroblastoma H4 cells could indicate the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. The data collected indicate that the activity of the urokinase plasminogen activator, although belonging to an extracellular protease, does not necessary lead to epithelial-mesenchymal reprogramming and increase in cell migration but can have different outcomes depending on the intracellular milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Horvat
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102A, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.H.); (J.M.)
| | - Josip Madunić
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102A, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.H.); (J.M.)
| | - Martina Grubar
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102A, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.H.); (J.M.)
| | - Mariastefania Antica
- Division of Molecular Biology, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Maja Matulić
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102A, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (L.H.); (J.M.)
- Correspondence:
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18
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Liu Q, Borcherding N, Shao P, Cao H, Zhang W, Qi HH. Identification of novel TGF-β regulated genes with pro-migratory roles. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:165537. [PMID: 31449970 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.165537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling plays fundamental roles in the development and homeostasis of somatic cells. Dysregulated TGF-β signaling contributes to cancer progression and relapse to therapies by inducing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), enriching cancer stem cells, and promoting immunosuppression. Although many TGF-β-regulated genes have been identified, only a few datasets were obtained by next-generation sequencing. In this study, we performed RNA-sequencing analysis of MCF10A cells and identified 1166 genes that were upregulated and 861 genes that were downregulated by TGF-β. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed that focal adhesion and metabolic pathways were the top enriched pathways of the up- and downregulated genes, respectively. Genes in these pathways also possess significant predictive value for renal cancers. Moreover, we confirmed that TGF-β induced expression of MICAL1 and 2, and the histone demethylase, KDM7A, and revealed their regulatory roles on TGF-β-induced cell migration. We also show a critical effect of KDM7A in regulating the acetylation of H3K27 on TGF-β-induced genes. In sum, this study identified novel effectors that mediate the pro-migratory role of TGF-β signaling, paving the way for future studies that investigate the function of MICAL family members in cancer and the novel epigenetic mechanisms downstream TGF-β signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Nicholas Borcherding
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Peng Shao
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Huojun Cao
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; School of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Weizhou Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Hank Heng Qi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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19
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Tokgun PE, Tokgun O, Kurt S, Tomatir AG, Akca H. MYC-driven regulation of long non-coding RNA profiles in breast cancer cells. Gene 2019; 714:143955. [PMID: 31326549 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.143955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM MYC deregulation contributes to breast cancer development and progression. Deregulated expression levels of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) have been demonstrated to be critical players in development and/or maintenance of breast cancer. In this study we aimed to evaluate lncRNA expressions depending on MYC overexpression and knockdown in breast cancer cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cells were infected with lentiviral vectors by either knockdown or overexpression of c-MYC. LncRNA cDNA was transcribed from total RNA samples and lncRNAs were evaluated by qRT-PCR. RESULTS Our results indicated that some of the lncRNAs having tumor suppressor (GAS5, MEG3, lincRNA-p21) and oncogenic roles (HOTAIR) are regulated by c-MYC. CONCLUSION We observed that c-MYC regulates lncRNAs that have important roles on proliferation, cell cycle and etc. Further studies will give us a light to identify molecular mechanisms related to MYC-lncRNA regulatory pathways in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pervin Elvan Tokgun
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey.
| | - Onur Tokgun
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey.
| | - Serap Kurt
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey.
| | - Ayse Gaye Tomatir
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey.
| | - Hakan Akca
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey.
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20
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Wang J, Zhu B, Zhang Y, Saiyin H, Wumaier R, Yu L, Sun L, Xiao Q. HEY2 acting as a co-repressor with smad3 and smad4 interferes with the response of TGF-beta in hepatocellular carcinoma. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:4367-4381. [PMID: 31396342 PMCID: PMC6684919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The HEY2 (hairy and enhancer of split-related with YRPW motif 2) is reported to play potential roles in tumorigenesis. However, the underlying mechanism in tumorigenesis is remain elusive. The present study aims to investigate the molecular mechanism of biological function of HEY2 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Dysfunction of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) pathway plays a critical role in HCC pathogenesis. Here, we identified HEY2 as a suppressor for TGF-β biological response. We demonstrated that HEY2 protein in tumor cytoplasm was up-regulated in HCC. Further, HEY2 overexpression inhibited TGF-β-induced growth arrest of HCC cells and inhibited TGF-β-induced downregulation of c-Myc, both in mRNA and in protein levels. While knockdown of HEY2, by small interfering RNA, was shown to enhance the TGF-β-mediated biological response of HCC cells. Moreover, HEY2 could form complexes with Smad3 and Smad4 and repress Smad3/Smad4 transcriptional activity. In conclusion, our findings indicate a novel role of HEY2 in mediating the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway in HCC tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqing Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of The Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University138 Yixueyuan Rd, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of The Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University138 Yixueyuan Rd, Shanghai 200032, China
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Hexige Saiyin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Reziya Wumaier
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of The Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University138 Yixueyuan Rd, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Long Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan UniversityShanghai, China
| | - Lichun Sun
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane Health Sciences CenterNew Orleans, LA 70112-2699, USA
| | - Qianyi Xiao
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of The Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University138 Yixueyuan Rd, Shanghai 200032, China
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21
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Futami K, Maita M, Katagiri T. DNA demethylation with 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine induces the senescence-associated secretory phenotype in the immortal fish cell line, EPC. Gene 2019; 697:194-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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22
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Zheng X, Liu Q, Yi M, Qin S, Wu K. The regulation of cytokine signaling by retinal determination gene network pathway in cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:6479-6487. [PMID: 30323623 PMCID: PMC6177397 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s176113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor environment plays a pivotal role in determining cancer biology characteristics. Cytokine factors, as a critical component in tumor milieu, execute distinct functions in the process of tumorigenesis and progression via the autocrine or paracrine manner. The retinal determination gene network (RDGN), which mainly comprised DACH, SIX, and EYA family members, is required for the organ development in mammalian species. While the aberrant expression of RDGN is involved in the proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and metastasis of tumors via interacting with different cytokine-related signals, such as CXCL8, IL-6, TGF-β, FGF, and VEGF, in a cell- or tissue-dependent manner. Thus, joint detection of this pathway might be used as a potential biomarker for the stratification of target therapy and for the precision prediction of the prognosis of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhua Zheng
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical School of Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan 467000, China.,Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China,
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China,
| | - Ming Yi
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China,
| | - Shuang Qin
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China,
| | - Kongming Wu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China,
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23
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The Dynamic Roles of TGF-β Signalling in EBV-Associated Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10080247. [PMID: 30060514 PMCID: PMC6115974 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10080247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signalling pathway plays a critical role in carcinogenesis. It has a biphasic action by initially suppressing tumorigenesis but promoting tumour progression in the later stages of disease. Consequently, the functional outcome of TGF-β signalling is strongly context-dependent and is influenced by various factors including cell, tissue and cancer type. Disruption of this pathway can be caused by various means, including genetic and environmental factors. A number of human viruses have been shown to modulate TGF-β signalling during tumorigenesis. In this review, we describe how this pathway is perturbed in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated cancers and how EBV interferes with TGF-β signal transduction. The role of TGF-β in regulating the EBV life cycle in tumour cells is also discussed.
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24
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Hinck AP. Structure-guided engineering of TGF-βs for the development of novel inhibitors and probing mechanism. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:5239-5246. [PMID: 30026042 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The increasing availability of detailed structural information on many biological systems provides an avenue for manipulation of these structures, either for probing mechanism or for developing novel therapeutic agents for treating disease. This has been accompanied by the advent of several powerful new methods, such as the ability to incorporate non-natural amino acids or perform fragment screening, increasing the capacity to leverage this new structural information to aid in these pursuits. The abundance of structural information also provides new opportunities for protein engineering, which may become more and more relevant as treatment of diseases using gene therapy approaches become increasingly common. This is illustrated by example with the TGF-β family of proteins, for which there is ample structural information, yet no approved inhibitors for treating diseases, such as cancer and fibrosis that are promoted by excessive TGF-β signaling. The results presented demonstrate that through several relatively simple modifications, primarily involving the removal of an α-helix and replacement of it with a flexible loop, it is possible to alter TGF-βs from being potent signaling proteins into inhibitors of TGF-β signaling. The engineered TGF-βs have improved specificity relative to kinase inhibitors and a much smaller size compared to monoclonal antibodies, and thus may prove successful as either as an injected therapeutic or as a gene therapy-based therapeutic, where other classes of inhibitors have failed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Hinck
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
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25
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Horvat L, Antica M, Matulić M. Effect of Notch and PARP Pathways' Inhibition in Leukemic Cells. Cells 2018; 7:cells7060058. [PMID: 29903986 PMCID: PMC6025460 DOI: 10.3390/cells7060058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Differentiation of blood cells is one of the most complex processes in the body. It is regulated by the action of transcription factors in time and space which creates a specific signaling network. In the hematopoietic signaling system, Notch is one of the main regulators of lymphocyte development. The aim of this study was to get insight into the regulation of Notch signalization and the influence of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP) activity on this process in three leukemia cell lines obtained from B and T cells. PARP1 is an enzyme involved in posttranslational protein modification and chromatin structure changes. B and T leukemia cells were treated with Notch and PARP inhibitors, alone or in combination, for a prolonged period. The cells did not show cell proliferation arrest or apoptosis. Analysis of gene and protein expression set involved in Notch and PARP pathways revealed increase in JAGGED1 expression after PARP1 inhibition in B cell lines and changes in Ikaros family members in both B and T cell lines after γ-secretase inhibition. These data indicate that Notch and PARP inhibition, although not inducing differentiation in leukemia cells, induce changes in signaling circuits and chromatin modelling factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luka Horvat
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102A, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Mariastefania Antica
- Division of Molecular Biology, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Maja Matulić
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102A, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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26
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Wang Z, Yan J, Zou T, Gao H. MicroRNA-1294 inhibited oral squamous cell carcinoma growth by targeting c-Myc. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:2243-2250. [PMID: 30008925 PMCID: PMC6036472 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the predominant histological type of oral cancer. The 5-year survival rate of OSCC is only ~50%. c-Myc is a known oncogene and target gene in various cancer types, including OSCC. The presnet study revealed that c-Myc is one of the target genes of miR-1294. Results indicated lower levels of miR-1294 in OSCC tissues samples collected from 24 patients with OSCC. Notably, overexpression of miR-1294 inhibited proliferation and migration in OSCC cell lines and inhibition of miR-1294 promoted cell growth and migration in OSCC cell lines. Moreover, miR-1294 can target the 3′UTR of c-Myc, as we identified a negative correlation between c-Myc mRNA expression and miR-1294 expression in 24 OSCC tissues. In conclusion, the data demonstrate the tumor suppressive role of miR-1294 in OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuojun Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Stomatological Hospital of Jingmen City, Jingmen, Hubei 448000, P.R. China
| | - Jinsheng Yan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, P.R. China
| | - Tingqian Zou
- Department of Stomatology, Stomatological Hospital of Jingmen City, Jingmen, Hubei 448000, P.R. China
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
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27
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Targeting the NRF-2/RHOA/ROCK signaling pathway with a novel aziridonin, YD0514, to suppress breast cancer progression and lung metastasis. Cancer Lett 2018; 424:97-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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28
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Yeh HW, Hsu EC, Lee SS, Lang YD, Lin YC, Chang CY, Lee SY, Gu DL, Shih JH, Ho CM, Chen CF, Chen CT, Tu PH, Cheng CF, Chen RH, Yang RB, Jou YS. PSPC1 mediates TGF-β1 autocrine signalling and Smad2/3 target switching to promote EMT, stemness and metastasis. Nat Cell Biol 2018; 20:479-491. [PMID: 29593326 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-018-0062-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Activation of metastatic reprogramming is critical for tumour metastasis. However, more detailed knowledge of the underlying mechanism is needed to enable targeted intervention. Here, we show that paraspeckle component 1 (PSPC1), identified in an aberrant 13q12.11 locus, is upregulated and associated with poor survival in patients with cancer. PSPC1 promotes tumorigenesis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), stemness and metastasis in multiple cell types and in spontaneous mouse cancer models. PSPC1 is the master activator for transcription factors of EMT and stemness and accompanies c-Myc activation to facilitate tumour growth. PSPC1 increases transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) secretion through an interaction with phosphorylated and nuclear Smad2/3 to potentiate TGF-β1 autocrine signalling. Moreover, PSPC1 acts as a contextual determinant of the TGF-β1 pro-metastatic switch to alter Smad2/3 binding preference from tumour-suppressor to pro-metastatic genes. Having validated the PSPC1-Smads-TGF-β1 axis in various cancers, we conclude that PSPC1 is a master activator of pro-metastatic switches and a potential target for anti-metastasis drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsi-Wen Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - En-Chi Hsu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Shuo Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yaw-Dong Lang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Charn Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Yu Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Suz-Yi Lee
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - De-Leung Gu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jou-Ho Shih
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ming Ho
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan.,Bioinformatics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chian-Feng Chen
- VYM Genome Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Tong Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Pang-Hsien Tu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Feng Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital and Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Hwa Chen
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Bing Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Shan Jou
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Taiwan International Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Bioinformatics Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Restoring miR122 in human stem-like hepatocarcinoma cells, prompts tumor dormancy through Smad-independent TGF-β pathway. Oncotarget 2018; 7:71309-71329. [PMID: 27612430 PMCID: PMC5342080 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
miR122 is the prevalent miRNA in adult healthy liver and it is responsible for liver stem cell differentiation towards hepatocyte lineage. Its expression is frequently lost in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We studied the effects of restoring miR122 expression in a distinctive cell line derived from human HCC-BCLC9 cells-with a solid stem-like cell profile, high tumor initiating ability and undetectable miR122 expression. We generated a stable BCLC9 cell line that expresses miR122 (BCLC9-miR122). Restitution of miR122 in BCLC9 cells, decreases cell proliferation rate and reduces significantly tumor size in vivo. BCLC9-miR122 cells down-regulate expression of MYC, KLF4, FOXM1, AKT2 and AKT3 genes and up-regulate FOXO1 and FOXO3A gene expression. In addition, miR122 transfected cells decreased AKT2 kinase activation while decreased FOXO1 and FOXO3A protein inactivation. Reduction in tumor size in BCLC9-miR122 associated with an increase in p38MAPK protein expression and activation leading to a low phospho-ERK1/2 to phospho-p38 ratio. Treatment of miR122 positive cells with an inhibitor of TGFBR1 activation, abolished tumor dormancy program and recovered cell proliferation rate through a Smad-independent TGF-β response. HCC stem-like cells can be directed towards cell differentiation and tumor dormancy by restoring miR122 expression. We demonstrate, for the first time, that dormancy program is achieved through a Smad-independent TGF-β pathway. Reestablishing miR122 expression is a promising therapeutic strategy that would work concurrently reducing tumor aggressiveness and decreasing disease recurrence.
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30
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Kim J, Yum S, Kang C, Kang SJ. Gene-gene interactions in gastrointestinal cancer susceptibility. Oncotarget 2018; 7:67612-67625. [PMID: 27588484 PMCID: PMC5341900 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer arises from complex, multi-layer interactions between diverse genetic and environmental factors. Genetic studies have identified multiple loci associated with tumor susceptibility. However, little is known about how germline polymorphisms interact with one another and with somatic mutations within a tumor to mediate acquisition of cancer traits. Here, we survey recent studies showing gene-gene interactions, also known as epistases, affecting genetic susceptibility in colorectal, gastric and esophageal cancers. We also catalog epistasis types and cancer hallmarks with respect to the interacting genes. A total of 22 gene variation pairs displayed all levels of statistical epistasis, including synergistic, redundant, suppressive and co-suppressive interactions. Five genes primarily involved in base excision repair formed a linear topology in the interaction network, MUTYH-OGG1-XRCC1-PARP1-MMP2, and three genes in mTOR cell-proliferation pathway formed another linear network, PRKAG2-RPS6KB1-PIK3CA. Discrete pairwise epistasis was also found in nucleotide excision repair, detoxification, proliferation, TP53, TGF-β and other pathways. We propose that three modes of biological interaction underlie the molecular mechanisms for statistical epistasis. The direct binding, linear pathway and convergence modes can exhibit any level of statistical epistasis in susceptibility to gastrointestinal cancers, and this is likely true for other complex diseases as well. This review highlights the link between cancer hallmarks and susceptibility genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jineun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Seoyun Yum
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Changwon Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Suk-Jo Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
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31
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Chen P, Song W, Liu L. Genome-Wide Transcriptome Analysis of Estrogen Receptor-Positive and Human Epithelial Growth Factor Receptor 2-Positive Breast Cancers by Ribonucleic Acid Sequencing. Gynecol Obstet Invest 2017; 83:338-348. [PMID: 29241203 DOI: 10.1159/000484244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim is to identify complex pathogenesis of breast cancer subtypes and disclose the whole landscape of altered transcriptional activities in these cancers. METHODS We downloaded raw expression data from public database, and performed transcriptome analysis of 8 estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer tissue samples, 8 human epithelial growth factor receptor 2-positive (HER2+) breast cancer tissue samples, and 3 normal breast tissues by identification, functional annotation, and prediction of upstream regulators and cell-surface biomarkers of differentially expressed genes (DEGs). RESULTS We identified over 5,000 DEGs in each of ER+ and HER2+ breast cancers compared to normal tissues. Functional enrichment analysis of shared DEGs indicated significant changes in the regulation of immune -systems in the 2 subtypes. We further identified 1,871 DEGs between the 2 subtypes and disclosed great tumor heterogeneity. We identified 533 shared upregulated genes and predicted 17 upstream transcription factors, as well as identified differentially expressed cell-surface biomarkers for distinguishing our ER+ and HER2+ breast cancers. Further analysis also highlighted the limitation of the usage of HER2 alone in breast cancer classification. CONCLUSION Our findings in ER+ and HER2+ breast cancers provided novel insights into heterogeneous transcriptional activities underlying complex mechanisms of oncogenesis in breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengtao Chen
- Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Zhoukou Central Hospital of Henan Province, Zhoukou, China
| | - Wei Song
- School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liangli Liu
- Intensive Care Unit, Zhoukou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Henan Province, Zhoukou, China
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32
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Shao P, Liu Q, Maina PK, Cui J, Bair TB, Li T, Umesalma S, Zhang W, Qi HH. Histone demethylase PHF8 promotes epithelial to mesenchymal transition and breast tumorigenesis. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:1687-1702. [PMID: 27899639 PMCID: PMC5389682 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw1093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone demethylase PHF8 is upregulated and plays oncogenic roles in various cancers; however, the mechanisms underlying its dysregulation and functions in carcinogenesis remain obscure. Here, we report the novel functions of PHF8 in EMT (epithelial to mesenchymal transition) and breast cancer development. Genome-wide gene expression analysis revealed that PHF8 overexpression induces an EMT-like process, including the upregulation of SNAI1 and ZEB1. PHF8 demethylates H3K9me1, H3K9me2 and sustains H3K4me3 to prime the transcriptional activation of SNAI1 by TGF-β signaling. We show that PHF8 is upregulated and positively correlated with MYC at protein levels in breast cancer. MYC post-transcriptionally regulates the expression of PHF8 via the repression of microRNAs. Specifically, miR-22 directly targets and inhibits PHF8 expression, and mediates the regulation of PHF8 by MYC and TGF-β signaling. This novel MYC/microRNAs/PHF8 regulatory axis thus places PHF8 as an important downstream effector of MYC. Indeed, PHF8 contributes to MYC-induced cell proliferation and the expression of EMT-related genes. We also report that PHF8 plays important roles in breast cancer cell migration and tumor growth. These oncogenic functions of PHF8 in breast cancer confer its candidacy as a promising therapeutic target for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Shao
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, IA 52242, USA
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, IA 52242, USA
| | - Peterson Kariuki Maina
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, IA 52242, USA
| | - Jiayue Cui
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Thomas B Bair
- Iowa Institute of Human Genetics, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, IA 52242, USA
| | - Tiandao Li
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Shaikamjad Umesalma
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, IA 52242, USA
| | - Weizhou Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, IA 52242, USA
| | - Hank Heng Qi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, IA 52242, USA
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Liu X, Guo H, Wei Y, Cai C, Zhang B, Li J. TGF-β induces growth suppression in multiple myeloma MM.1S cells via E2F1. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:1884-1888. [PMID: 28789423 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) has an important role in multiple target genes and signaling pathways. The E2F family of transcription factors is a group of DNA-binding proteins that are involved in cell-cycle progression, and therefore have a key role in proliferation. The present study demonstrates that inhibition of cell growth by TGF-β occurs in the multiple myeloma cell line MM.1S. However, the growth-suppressive effects of TGF-β may be reversed by small interfering (si)RNA to reduce the expression of E2F1. TGF-β1 and E2F1 siRNA were manipulated in MM.1S cells to investigate the association between these genes. FACScan Flow Cytometer, western blot analysis and other methods were adopted to confirm such interrelation. The present data showed that TGF-β mediated growth suppression in MM.1S cells, while inducing E2F1 protein expression levels rapidly and transiently. The present data support the hypothesis that E2F1 is a central mediator of TGF-β-induced growth suppression in MM.1S cells and control of E2F1 may be a downstream event of TGF-β action, at least in one multiple myeloma cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xialei Liu
- Department of General Surgery 3, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R. China
| | - Hui Guo
- Department of Ultrasound, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R. China
| | - Yuting Wei
- Department of Hemodialysis, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R. China
| | - Chaonong Cai
- Department of General Surgery 3, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R. China
| | - Baimeng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery 3, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R. China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of General Surgery 3, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R. China
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Wang G, Yin T. Rapamycin enhances the antiproliferative effect of transforming growth factor-β on MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:748-752. [PMID: 28672994 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), a well-known cytokine with pleiotropic biological functions, has an important role in the regulation of cellular proliferation. Rapamycin has specific antagonistic activity on the function of the mammalian target of the rapamycin signaling pathway. The cooperation of TGF-β and rapamycin on the proliferation of Michigan Cancer Foundation (MCF)-7 human breast cancer cells is unclear. The present study demonstrated that TGF-β had a growth-arresting effect on MCF-7 cancer cells. TGF-β stimulation resulted in the upregulation of several cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, including p14ARF, p15INK4b, p16INK4a and p21WAF1/CIP1. The present study also demonstrated that rapamycin enhances the antiproliferative effect of TGF-β. The combination of rapamycin and TGF-β induced apoptosis of MCF-7 tumor cells. These findings advance the current understanding of the biological effects of TGF-β and rapamycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoping Wang
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Tao Yin
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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35
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Kalkat M, De Melo J, Hickman KA, Lourenco C, Redel C, Resetca D, Tamachi A, Tu WB, Penn LZ. MYC Deregulation in Primary Human Cancers. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8060151. [PMID: 28587062 PMCID: PMC5485515 DOI: 10.3390/genes8060151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MYC regulates a complex biological program by transcriptionally activating and repressing its numerous target genes. As such, MYC is a master regulator of many processes, including cell cycle entry, ribosome biogenesis, and metabolism. In cancer, the activity of the MYC transcriptional network is frequently deregulated, contributing to the initiation and maintenance of disease. Deregulation often leads to constitutive overexpression of MYC, which can be achieved through gross genetic abnormalities, including copy number alterations, chromosomal translocations, increased enhancer activity, or through aberrant signal transduction leading to increased MYC transcription or increased MYC mRNA and protein stability. Herein, we summarize the frequency and modes of MYC deregulation and describe both well-established and more recent findings in a variety of cancer types. Notably, these studies have highlighted that with an increased appreciation for the basic mechanisms deregulating MYC in cancer, new therapeutic vulnerabilities can be discovered and potentially exploited for the inhibition of this potent oncogene in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manpreet Kalkat
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada.
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada.
| | - Jason De Melo
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada.
| | - Katherine Ashley Hickman
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada.
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada.
| | - Corey Lourenco
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada.
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada.
| | - Cornelia Redel
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada.
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada.
| | - Diana Resetca
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada.
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada.
| | - Aaliya Tamachi
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada.
| | - William B Tu
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada.
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada.
| | - Linda Z Penn
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada.
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2M9, Canada.
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Madunić J, Horvat L, Majstorović I, Jodłowska I, Antica M, Matulić M. Sodium Salicylate Inhibits Urokinase Activity in MDA MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells. Clin Breast Cancer 2017; 17:629-637. [PMID: 28456486 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2017.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sodium salicylate (NaS) is a derivate of acetylsalicylic acid or aspirin, used as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug for centuries, for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. It was found to modulate different signaling pathways, in a cell-specific way. Here, we explore the effect of NaS on cell growth and urokinase activity in MDA MB-231 breast cancer cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed the effect of NaS treatment on cell growth by flow cytometry and viability test. The transwell migration assay was used to study the migratory response of the cells. The gene expression was analyzed by qRT-PCR on RNA level and by Western blot analysis on protein level. Urokinase activity was assessed by caseinolysis. RESULTS Sublethal concentrations of NaS decreased cell growth and inhibited urokinase activity. The latter was a consequence of decrease in urokinase expression and increase in expression of its inhibitors. Analysis of signaling molecules revealed activation of transforming growth factor-β signaling, increase in master transcription factors for epithelial-mesenchymal transition and changes in integrin expression. CONCLUSIONS We propose that NaS causes partial cellular reprogramming through transforming growth factor-β signaling which, together with direct NaS influence, causes changes in expression in a set of genes involved in extracellular proteolysis. These data could be beneficial for the development of new therapeutic approaches in invasive breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josip Madunić
- Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Luka Horvat
- Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Iga Jodłowska
- Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Maja Matulić
- Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
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TGF-β Family Signaling in the Control of Cell Proliferation and Survival. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2017; 9:cshperspect.a022145. [PMID: 27920038 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a022145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 394] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) family controls many fundamental aspects of cellular behavior. With advances in the molecular details of the TGF-β signaling cascade and its cross talk with other signaling pathways, we now have a more coherent understanding of the cytostatic program induced by TGF-β. However, the molecular mechanisms are still largely elusive for other cellular processes that are regulated by TGF-β and determine a cell's proliferation and survival, apoptosis, dormancy, autophagy, and senescence. The difficulty in defining TGF-β's roles partly stems from the context-dependent nature of TGF-β signaling. Here, we review our current understanding and recent progress on the biological effects of TGF-β at the cellular level, with the hope of providing a framework for understanding how cells respond to TGF-β signals in specific contexts, and why disruption of such mechanisms may result in different human diseases including cancer.
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Shafik RE, Hassan NM, El Meligui YM, Shafik HE. The Meningioma 1 (MN1) Gene is an Independent Poor Prognostic Factor in Adult Egyptian Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 18:609-613. [PMID: 28440611 PMCID: PMC5464473 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2017.18.3.609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To determine the prognostic importance of meningioma 1 (MN1) gene expression levels in the context of other predictive markers for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cases. Methods: MN1 expression was measured in 85 newly diagnosed adults younger than 60 years by real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Results: At diagnosis 67.4% of cases had elevated MN1 expression, this being associated with a worse prognosis, higher incidence of lymphadenopathy and CD34 transcript expression (p=0.02 and <0.001, respectively). No other molecular or clinical characteristics were significantly associated with MN1expression. Patients with high MN1 expression had lower complete response rate at day 15 compared to patients with low MN1 expression (p=0.09) and a significantly higher relapse rate (21.1% versus 7.7%, respectively, p=0.04). Patients with high MN1 expression had shorter TTP compared to those with low expression, p= 0.07. Conclusion: MN1 expression may predict outcome in AML patients. The MN1 gene and micro RNA expression suggest a biological feature that could be used as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxan E Shafik
- National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Medical Oncology Department, Egypt.
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Hara T, Yoshida E, Shinkai Y, Yamamoto C, Fujiwara Y, Kumagai Y, Kaji T. Biglycan Intensifies ALK5-Smad2/3 Signaling by TGF-β 1 and Downregulates Syndecan-4 in Cultured Vascular Endothelial Cells. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:1087-1096. [PMID: 27585241 PMCID: PMC6221004 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Proteoglycans are macromolecules that consist of a core protein and one or more glycosaminoglycan side chains. A small leucine‐rich dermatan sulfate proteoglycan, biglycan, is one of the predominant types of proteoglycans synthesized by vascular endothelial cells; however, the physiological functions of biglycan are not completely understood. In the present study, bovine aortic endothelial cells in culture were transfected with small interfering RNAs for biglycan, and the expression of other proteoglycans was examined. Transforming growth factor‐β1 signaling was also investigated, because the interaction of biglycan with cytokines has been reported. Biglycan was found to form a complex with either transforming growth factor‐β1 or the transforming growth factor‐β1 type I receptor, ALK5, and to intensify the phosphorylation of Smad2/3, resulting in a lower expression of the transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan, syndecan‐4. This is the first report to clarify the function of biglycan as a regulatory molecule of the ALK5–Smad2/3 TGF‐β1 signaling pathway that mediates the suppression of syndecan‐4 expression in vascular endothelial cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 1087–1096, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takato Hara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Eiko Yoshida
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Shinkai
- Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Chika Yamamoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, 274-8510, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Fujiwara
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Yoshito Kumagai
- Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Science, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Kaji
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, 278-8510, Japan
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Global Prioritizing Disease Candidate lncRNAs via a Multi-level Composite Network. Sci Rep 2017; 7:39516. [PMID: 28051121 PMCID: PMC5209722 DOI: 10.1038/srep39516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
LncRNAs play pivotal roles in many important biological processes, but research on the functions of lncRNAs in human disease is still in its infancy. Therefore, it is urgent to prioritize lncRNAs that are potentially associated with diseases. In this work, we developed a novel algorithm, LncPriCNet, that uses a multi-level composite network to prioritize candidate lncRNAs associated with diseases. By integrating genes, lncRNAs, phenotypes and their associations, LncPriCNet achieves an overall performance superior to that of previous methods, with high AUC values of up to 0.93. Notably, LncPriCNet still performs well when information on known disease lncRNAs is lacking. When applied to breast cancer, LncPriCNet identified known breast cancer-related lncRNAs, revealed novel lncRNA candidates and inferred their functions via pathway analysis. We further constructed the human disease-lncRNA landscape, revealed the modularity of the disease-lncRNA network and identified several lncRNA hotspots. In summary, LncPriCNet is a useful tool for prioritizing disease-related lncRNAs and may facilitate understanding of the molecular mechanisms of human disease at the lncRNA level.
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41
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Sun N, Taguchi A, Hanash S. Switching Roles of TGF-β in Cancer Development: Implications for Therapeutic Target and Biomarker Studies. J Clin Med 2016; 5:jcm5120109. [PMID: 27916872 PMCID: PMC5184782 DOI: 10.3390/jcm5120109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
TGF-β induces complicated and even opposite responses in numerous biological processes, e.g., tumor suppression in pre-malignant cells and metastasis promotion in cancer cells. However, the cellular contextual determinants of these different TGF-β roles remain elusive, and the driver genes triggering the determinants’ changes have not been identified. Recently, however, several findings have provided new insights on the contextual determinants of Smads in TGF-β’s biological processes. These novel switches and their effectors may serve as prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets of TGF-β-mediated cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Sun
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Ayumu Taguchi
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Samir Hanash
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Casey TM, Mulvey TM, Patnode TA, Dean A, Zakrzewska E, Plaut K. Mammary Epithelial Cells Treated Concurrently with TGF-α and TGF-β Exhibit Enhanced Proliferation and Death. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2016; 232:1027-40. [PMID: 17720949 DOI: 10.3181/0609-rm-218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-α (TGF-α) stimulates while TGF-β inhibits mammary epithelial cell growth, suggesting that when cells are treated concurrently with the growth factors their combined effects would result in no net growth. However, combined treatments stimulate proliferation and cellular transformation in several cell lines. The objective of this paper was to describe the effect of long-term (6 days) concurrent TGF-α and TGF-β treatment on normal mammary epithelial cell growth pattern, morphology, and gene expression. Growth curve analysis showed that TGF-α enhanced while TGF-β suppressed growth rate until Day 4, when cells entered lag phase. However, cells treated concurrently with both growth factors exhibited a dichotomous pattern of growth marked by growth and death phases (with no intermittent lag phase). These changes in growth patterns were due to a marked induction of cell death from Day 2 (16.5%) to Day 4 (89.5%), resulting in the transition from growth to death phases, even though the combined treated cultures had significantly more ( P < 0.05) cells in S phase on Day 4. TGF-β stimulated epithelial to mesenchyme transdifferentiation (EMT) in the presence of TGF-α, as characterized by increased expression of fibronectin and changes in TGF-β receptor binding. Expression patterns of genes that regulate the cell cycle showed significant interaction between treatment and days, with TGF-β overriding TGF-α–stimulated effects on gene expression. Overall, the combined treatments were marked by enhanced rates of cellular proliferation, death, and trans-differentiation, behaviors reminiscent of breast tumors, and thus this system may serve as a good model to study breast tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Casey
- Department of Animal Science, B290 Anthony Hall, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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43
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Khan MI, Czarnecka AM, Lewicki S, Helbrecht I, Brodaczewska K, Koch I, Zdanowski R, Król M, Szczylik C. Comparative Gene Expression Profiling of Primary and Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma Stem Cell-Like Cancer Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165718. [PMID: 27812180 PMCID: PMC5094751 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent advancement in cancer research has shown that tumors are highly heterogeneous, and multiple phenotypically different cell populations are found in a single tumor. Cancer development and tumor growth are driven by specific types of cells—stem cell-like cancer cells (SCLCCs)—which are also responsible for metastatic spread and drug resistance. This research was designed to verify the presence of SCLCCs in renal cell cancer cell lines. Subsequently, we aimed to characterize phenotype and cell biology of CD105+ cells, defined previously as renal cell carcinoma tumor-initiating cells. The main goal of the project was to describe the gene-expression profile of stem cell-like cancer cells of primary tumor and metastatic origin. Materials and Methods Real-time PCR analysis of stemness genes (Oct-4, Nanog and Ncam) and soft agar colony formation assay were conducted to check the stemness properties of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cell lines. FACS analysis of CD105+ and CD133+ cells was performed on RCC cells. Isolated CD105+ cells were verified for expression of mesenchymal markers—CD24, CD146, CD90, CD73, CD44, CD11b, CD19, CD34, CD45, HLA-DR and alkaline phosphatase. Hanging drop assay was used to investigate CD105+ cell-cell cohesion. Analysis of free-floating 3D spheres formed by isolated CD105+ was verified, as spheres have been hypothesized to contain undifferentiated multipotent progenitor cells. Finally, CD105+ cells were sorted from primary (Caki-2) and metastatic (ACHN) renal cell cancer cell lines. Gene-expression profiling of sorted CD105+ cells was performed with Agilent’s human GE 4x44K v2 microarrays. Differentially expressed genes were further categorized into canonical pathways. Network analysis and downstream analysis were performed with Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. Results Metastatic RCC cell lines (ACHN and Caki-1) demonstrated higher colony-forming ability in comparison to primary RCC cell lines. Metastatic RCC cell lines harbor numerous CD105+ cell subpopulations and have higher expression of stemness genes (Oct-4 and Nanog). CD105+ cells adopt 3D grape-like floating structures under handing drop conditions. Sorted CD105+ cells are positive for human mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) markers CD90, CD73, CD44, CD146, and alkaline phosphatase activity, but not for CD24 and hematopoietic lineage markers CD34, CD11b, CD19, CD45, and HLA-DR. 1411 genes are commonly differentially expressed in CD105+ cells (both from primary [Caki-2] and metastatic RCC [ACHN] cells) in comparison to a healthy kidney epithelial cell line (ASE-5063). TGF-β, Wnt/β-catenine, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), Rap1 signaling, PI3K-Akt signaling, and Hippo signaling pathway are deregulated in CD105+ cells. TGFB1, ERBB2, and TNF are the most significant transcriptional regulators activated in these cells. Conclusions All together, RCC-CD105+ cells present stemlike properties. These stem cell-like cancer cells may represent a novel target for therapy. A unique gene-expression profile of CD105+ cells could be used as initial data for subsequent functional studies and drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed I. Khan
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
- * E-mail: (MIK); (AMC)
| | - Anna M. Czarnecka
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
- * E-mail: (MIK); (AMC)
| | - Sławomir Lewicki
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Igor Helbrecht
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Warsaw University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Klaudia Brodaczewska
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Irena Koch
- Department of Pathomorphology, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Robert Zdanowski
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Król
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences—WULS, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Cezary Szczylik
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
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44
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Kawarada Y, Inoue Y, Kawasaki F, Fukuura K, Sato K, Tanaka T, Itoh Y, Hayashi H. TGF-β induces p53/Smads complex formation in the PAI-1 promoter to activate transcription. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35483. [PMID: 27759037 PMCID: PMC5069723 DOI: 10.1038/srep35483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling facilitates tumor development during the advanced stages of tumorigenesis, but induces cell-cycle arrest for tumor suppression during the early stages. However, the mechanism of functional switching of TGF-β is still unknown, and it is unclear whether inhibition of TGF-β signaling results amelioration or exacerbation of cancers. Here we show that the tumor suppressor p53 cooperates with Smad proteins, which are TGF-β signal transducers, to selectively activate plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) transcription. p53 forms a complex with Smad2/3 in the PAI-1 promoter to recruit histone acetyltransferase CREB-binding protein (CBP) and enhance histone H3 acetylation, resulting in transcriptional activation of the PAI-1 gene. Importantly, p53 is required for TGF-β-induced cytostasis and PAI-1 is involved in the cytostatic activity of TGF-β in several cell lines. Our results suggest that p53 enhances TGF-β-induced cytostatic effects by activating PAI-1 transcription, and the functional switching of TGF-β is partially caused by p53 mutation or p53 inactivation during cancer progression. It is expected that these findings will contribute to optimization of TGF-β-targeting therapies for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kawarada
- Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 467-8603 Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasumichi Inoue
- Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 467-8603 Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Innovative Therapeutics Sciences, Cooperative major in Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 467-8603 Nagoya, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Kawasaki
- Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 467-8603 Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keishi Fukuura
- Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 467-8603 Nagoya, Japan
| | - Koichi Sato
- Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 467-8603 Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takahito Tanaka
- Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 467-8603 Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuka Itoh
- Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 467-8603 Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Innovative Therapeutics Sciences, Cooperative major in Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 467-8603 Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Hayashi
- Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 467-8603 Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Innovative Therapeutics Sciences, Cooperative major in Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 467-8603 Nagoya, Japan
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45
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Vaughan L, Clarke PA, Barker K, Chanthery Y, Gustafson CW, Tucker E, Renshaw J, Raynaud F, Li X, Burke R, Jamin Y, Robinson SP, Pearson A, Maira M, Weiss WA, Workman P, Chesler L. Inhibition of mTOR-kinase destabilizes MYCN and is a potential therapy for MYCN-dependent tumors. Oncotarget 2016; 7:57525-57544. [PMID: 27438153 PMCID: PMC5295370 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MYC oncoproteins deliver a potent oncogenic stimulus in several human cancers, making them major targets for drug development, but efforts to deliver clinically practical therapeutics have not yet been realized. In childhood cancer, aberrant expression of MYC and MYCN genes delineates a group of aggressive tumours responsible for a major proportion of pediatric cancer deaths. We designed a chemical-genetic screen that identifies compounds capable of enhancing proteasomal elimination of MYCN oncoprotein. We isolated several classes of compound that selectively kill MYCN expressing cells and we focus on inhibitors of PI3K/mTOR pathway in this study. We show that PI3K/mTOR inhibitors selectively killed MYCN-expressing neuroblastoma tumor cells, and induced significant apoptosis of transgenic MYCN-driven neuroblastoma tumors concomitant with elimination of MYCN protein in vivo. Mechanistically, the ability of these compounds to degrade MYCN requires complete blockade of mTOR but not PI3 kinase activity and we highlight NVP-BEZ235 as a PI3K/mTOR inhibitor with an ideal activity profile. These data establish that MYCN expression is a marker indicative of likely clinical sensitivity to mTOR inhibition, and provide a rationale for the selection of clinical candidate MYCN-destabilizers likely to be useful for the treatment of MYCN-driven cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynsey Vaughan
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, UK
- Present address: Cell Signalling Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Paul A. Clarke
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, Signal Transduction and Molecular Pharmacology Team, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, UK
| | - Karen Barker
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, UK
| | - Yvan Chanthery
- Department of Neurology, Pediatrics, Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Research Center and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Clay W. Gustafson
- Department of Neurology, Pediatrics, Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Research Center and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Tucker
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, UK
| | - Jane Renshaw
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, UK
| | - Florence Raynaud
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Clinical Pharmacology and Trials Team, Sutton, Surrey, UK
| | - Xiaodun Li
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, UK
- Present address: MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rosemary Burke
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, Target Selection and Hit Discovery Team, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, UK
| | - Yann Jamin
- Cancer Research UK & Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council Cancer Imaging Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, UK
| | - Simon P. Robinson
- Cancer Research UK & Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council Cancer Imaging Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, UK
| | - Andrew Pearson
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, UK
| | - Michel Maira
- Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland
- Present address: Basilea Pharmaceutica International AG, Basel, Switzerland
| | - William A. Weiss
- Department of Neurology, Pediatrics, Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Research Center and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Paul Workman
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, Signal Transduction and Molecular Pharmacology Team, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, UK
| | - Louis Chesler
- Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, UK
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, Signal Transduction and Molecular Pharmacology Team, The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, Surrey, UK
- The Royal Marsden NHS Trust, Children and Young People's Unit, Sutton, Surrey, UK
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Strazic-Geljic I, Guberovic I, Didak B, Schmid-Antomarchi H, Schmid-Alliana A, Boukhechba F, Bouler JM, Scimeca JC, Verron E. Gallium, a promising candidate to disrupt the vicious cycle driving osteolytic metastases. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 116:11-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Opposing roles of TGF-β and EGF in the regulation of TRAIL-induced apoptosis in human breast epithelial cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1863:2104-14. [PMID: 27208428 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) induces the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in breast epithelial cells and plays an important role in mammary morphogenesis and breast cancer. In non-transformed breast epithelial cells TGF-β antagonizes epidermal growth factor (EGF) action and induces growth inhibition. Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has been reported to participate in lumen formation during morphogenesis of human breast epithelial cells. Our previous work indicated that sensitivity of human breast epithelial cells to TRAIL can be modulated through the activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor-1 (EGFR). Here, we show that TGF-β opposes EGF-mediated sensitization to TRAIL-induced caspase-8 activation and apoptosis in non-transformed breast epithelial cells. Death-inducing signalling complex (DISC) formation by TRAIL was significantly reduced in cells treated with TGF-β. TGF-β treatment activates cytoprotective autophagy and down-regulates TRAIL-R2 expression at the cell surface by promoting the intracellular accumulation of this receptor. Lastly, we demonstrate that EMT is not involved in the inhibitory effect of TGF-β on apoptosis by TRAIL. Together, the data reveal a fine regulation by EGF and TGF-β of sensitivity of human breast epithelial cells to TRAIL which may be relevant during morphogenesis.
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48
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Billing M, Rörby E, May G, Tipping AJ, Soneji S, Brown J, Salminen M, Karlsson G, Enver T, Karlsson S. A network including TGFβ/Smad4, Gata2, and p57 regulates proliferation of mouse hematopoietic progenitor cells. Exp Hematol 2016; 44:399-409.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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49
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Bradshaw A, Wickremsekera A, Tan ST, Peng L, Davis PF, Itinteang T. Cancer Stem Cell Hierarchy in Glioblastoma Multiforme. Front Surg 2016; 3:21. [PMID: 27148537 PMCID: PMC4831983 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2016.00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), an aggressive tumor that typically exhibits treatment failure with high mortality rates, is associated with the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) within the tumor. CSCs possess the ability for perpetual self-renewal and proliferation, producing downstream progenitor cells that drive tumor growth. Studies of many cancer types have identified CSCs using specific markers, but it is still unclear as to where in the stem cell hierarchy these markers fall. This is compounded further by the presence of multiple GBM and glioblastoma cancer stem cell subtypes, making investigation and establishment of a universal treatment difficult. This review examines the current knowledge on the CSC markers SALL4, OCT-4, SOX2, STAT3, NANOG, c-Myc, KLF4, CD133, CD44, nestin, and glial fibrillary acidic protein, specifically focusing on their use and validity in GBM research and how they may be utilized for investigations into GBM's cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Bradshaw
- Gillies McIndoe Research Institute , Wellington , New Zealand
| | - Agadha Wickremsekera
- Gillies McIndoe Research Institute, Wellington, New Zealand; Department of Neurosurgery, Wellington Regional Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Swee T Tan
- Gillies McIndoe Research Institute , Wellington , New Zealand
| | - Lifeng Peng
- Centre for Biodiscovery, School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington , Wellington , New Zealand
| | - Paul F Davis
- Gillies McIndoe Research Institute , Wellington , New Zealand
| | - Tinte Itinteang
- Gillies McIndoe Research Institute , Wellington , New Zealand
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50
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Cichon MA, Moruzzi ME, Shqau TA, Miller E, Mehner C, Ethier SP, Copland JA, Radisky ES, Radisky DC. MYC Is a Crucial Mediator of TGFβ-Induced Invasion in Basal Breast Cancer. Cancer Res 2016; 76:3520-30. [PMID: 27197167 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-3465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Basal subtype breast cancers have a particularly poor prognosis, with high invasiveness and resistance to most targeted therapies. TGFβ and MYC drive central features of basal breast cancer: TGFβ is an autocrine and paracrine signaling factor that drives cell invasion and metastasis, and MYC is a central regulator of cellular proliferation that is upregulated in many cancer types. We show here that genetic or pharmacologic inhibition of MYC in MCF10A basal breast cells results in increased sensitivity to TGFβ-stimulated invasion and metastasis and also show that this signaling loop is dependent on activation of SRC. Analysis of human breast cancer datasets and additional experiments with breast cancer cell lines further suggest the relevance of this signaling loop in basal, but not luminal, breast cancers. Our results imply precaution should be taken when utilizing therapeutic inhibitors of MYC with basal breast cancer patients as this could lead to increased metastasis; however, simultaneous pharmacologic inhibition of SRC and MYC for these patients could facilitate the antiproliferative effects of MYC inhibition while blocking the consequent promotion of metastasis. Cancer Res; 76(12); 3520-30. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena A Cichon
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Megan E Moruzzi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Tiziana A Shqau
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Erin Miller
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Christine Mehner
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Stephen P Ethier
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - John A Copland
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Evette S Radisky
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Jacksonville, Florida
| | - Derek C Radisky
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Jacksonville, Florida.
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