1
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Dragun Z, Kiralj Z, Pećnjak A, Ivanković D. The study of acidic/basic nature of metallothioneins and other metal-binding biomolecules in the soluble hepatic fraction of the northern pike (Esox lucius). Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:128209. [PMID: 37992940 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Since fish metalloproteins are still not thoroughly characterized, the aim of this study was to investigate the acidic/basic nature of biomolecules involved in the sequestration of twelve selected metals in the soluble hepatic fraction of an important aquatic bioindicator organism, namely the fish species northern pike (Esox lucius). For this purpose, the hyphenated system HPLC-ICP-MS was applied, with chromatographic separation based on anion/cation-exchange principle at physiological pH (7.4). The results indicated predominant acidic nature of metal-binding peptides/proteins in the studied hepatic fraction. More than 90 % of Ag, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mo, and Pb were eluted with negatively charged biomolecules, and >70 % of Bi, Mn, and Zn. Thallium was revealed to bind equally to negatively and positively charged biomolecules, and Cs predominantly to positively charged ones. The majority of acidic (negatively charged) metalloproteins/peptides were coeluted within the elution time range of applied standard proteins, having pIs clustered around 4-6. Furthermore, binding of several metals (Ag, Cd, Cu, Zn) to two MT-isoforms was assumed, with Cd and Zn preferentially bound to MT1 and Ag to MT2, and Cu evenly distributed between the two. The results presented here are the first of their kind for the important bioindicator species, the northern pike, as well as one of the rare comprehensive studies on the acidic/basic nature of metal-binding biomolecules in fish, which can contribute significantly to a better understanding of the behaviour and fate of metals in the fish organism, specifically in liver as main metabolic and detoxification organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zrinka Dragun
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Bijenička cesta 54, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Zoran Kiralj
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Bijenička cesta 54, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Pećnjak
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, University of Zagreb, Trg Marka Marulića 19, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dušica Ivanković
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Bijenička cesta 54, Zagreb, Croatia.
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2
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Weber RE, Damsgaard C, Fago A, Val AL, Moens L. Ontogeny of hemoglobin‑oxygen binding and multiplicity in the obligate air-breathing fish Arapaima gigas. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2022; 268:111190. [PMID: 35331911 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.111190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The evolutionary and ontogenetic changes from water- to air-breathing result in major changes in the cardiorespiratory systems. However, the potential changes in hemoglobin's (Hb) oxygen binding properties during ontogenetic transitions to air-breathing remain poorly understood. Here we investigated Hb multiplicity and O2 binding in hemolysates and Hb components from juveniles and adults of the obligate air-breathing pirarucu (Arapaima gigas) that starts life as water-breathing hatchlings. Contrasting with previous electrophoresis studies that report one or two isoHbs in adults, isoelectric focusing (IEF) resolved the hemolysates from both stages into four major bands, which exhibited identical O2 binding properties (i.e. O2 affinities, cooperativity coefficients, and sensitivities to pH and the major organic phosphate effectors), also as compared to the cofactor-free hemolysates. Of note, the multiplicity pattern recurred upon reanalyses of the most-abundant fractions isolated from the juvenile and the adult stages, suggesting possible stabilization of different quaternary states with different isoelectric points during the purification procedure. The study demonstrates unchanged Hb-O2 binding properties during development, despite the pronounced differences in O2 availability between the two media, which harmonizes with findings based on a broader spectrum of interspecific comparisons. Taken together, these results disclose that obligate air-breathing in Arapaima is not contingent upon changes in Hb multiplicity and O2 binding characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy E Weber
- Zoophysiology, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Christian Damsgaard
- Zoophysiology, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Angela Fago
- Zoophysiology, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Adalberto L Val
- Brazilian National Institute for Research of the Amazon, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Luc Moens
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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3
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Lei Y, Yang L, Zhou Y, Wang C, Lv W, Li L, He S. Hb adaptation to hypoxia in high-altitude fishes: Fresh evidence from schizothoracinae fishes in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 185:471-484. [PMID: 34214574 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.06.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Uncovering the genetic basis of hypoxic adaptation is one of the most active research areas in evolutionary biology. Among air-breathing vertebrates, modifications of hemoglobin (Hb) play a pivotal role in mediating an adaptive response to high-altitude hypoxia. However, the relative contributions in water-breathing organisms are still unclear. Here, we tested the Hb concentration of fish at different altitudes. All species showed species-specific Hb concentration, which has a non-positive correlation with altitude. Moreover, we investigated the expression of Hb genes by the RNA-seq and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and Hb composition by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE). The results showed that the multiple Hb genes and isoforms are co-expressed in schizothoracinae fishes endemic to the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP). Phylogenetic analyses of Hb genes indicated that the evolutionary relationships are not easily reconciled with the organismal phylogeny. Furthermore, evidence of positive selection was found in the Hb genes of schizothoracinae fishes through the selection pressure analysis. We demonstrated that positively selected sites likely facilitated the functional divergence of Hb isoforms. Taken together, this study indicated that the long-term maintenance of high Hb concentration may be a disadvantage for physiologically acclimating to high altitude hypoxia. Meanwhile, the genetically based modification of Hb-O2 affinity in schizothoracinae fishes might facilitate the evolutionary adaptation to Tibetan aqueous environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lei
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liandong Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenqi Lv
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lin Li
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shunping He
- The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China; Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China.
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4
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Tunnah L, Robertson CE, Turko AJ, Wright PA. Acclimation to prolonged aquatic hypercarbia or air enhances hemoglobin‑oxygen affinity in an amphibious fish. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2020; 252:110848. [PMID: 33217558 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2020.110848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
When the amphibious mangrove rivulus (Kryptolebias marmoratus) leaves water for extended periods, hemoglobin-O2 binding affinity increases. We tested the hypothesis that the change in affinity was a consequence of hemoglobin isoform switching driven by exposure to environments associated with increased internal CO2 levels. We exposed K. marmoratus to either water (control, pH 8.1), air, aquatic hypercarbia (5.1 kPa CO2, pH 6.6-6.8), or aquatic acid (isocarbic control, pH 6.6-6.8), for 7 days, and measured hemoglobin-O2 affinity spectrophotometrically. We found that mangrove rivulus compensated for elevated CO2 and aquatic acid exposure by shifting hemoglobin-O2 affinity back to aquatic (control) levels when measured at an ecologically-relevant high CO2 level that would be experienced in vivo. Using proteomics, we found that the hemoglobin subunits present in the blood did not change between treatments, but air and aquatic acid exposure altered the abundance of cathodic hemoglobin subunits. We therefore conclude that hemoglobin isoform switching is not a primary strategy used by mangrove rivulus to adjust P50 under these conditions. Abundances of other RBC proteins also differed between treatment groups relative to control fish (e.g. Rhesus protein type A, band 3 anion exchanger). Overall, our data indicate that both aquatic hypercarbia and aquatic acidosis create similar changes in hemoglobin-O2 affinity as air exposure. However, the protein-level consequences differ between these groups, indicating that the red blood cell response of mangrove rivulus can be modulated depending on the environmental cue received.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Tunnah
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Cayleih E Robertson
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada; Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada.
| | - Andy J Turko
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada; Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada; Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Patricia A Wright
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada.
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5
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Storz JF, Natarajan C, Grouleff MK, Vandewege M, Hoffmann FG, You X, Venkatesh B, Fago A. Oxygenation properties of hemoglobin and the evolutionary origins of isoform multiplicity in an amphibious air-breathing fish, the blue-spotted mudskipper ( Boleophthalmus pectinirostris). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 223:jeb.217307. [PMID: 31836650 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.217307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Among the numerous lineages of teleost fish that have independently transitioned from obligate water breathing to facultative air breathing, evolved properties of hemoglobin (Hb)-O2 transport may have been shaped by the prevalence and severity of aquatic hypoxia (which influences the extent to which fish are compelled to switch to aerial respiration) as well as the anatomical design of air-breathing structures and the cardiovascular system. Here, we examined the structure and function of Hbs in an amphibious, facultative air-breathing fish, the blue-spotted mudskipper (Boleophthalmus pectinirostris). We also characterized the genomic organization of the globin gene clusters of the species and we integrated phylogenetic and comparative genomic analyses to unravel the duplicative history of the genes that encode the subunits of structurally distinct mudskipper Hb isoforms (isoHbs). The B. pectinirostris isoHbs exhibit high intrinsic O2 affinities, similar to those of hypoxia-tolerant, water-breathing teleosts, and remarkably large Bohr effects. Genomic analysis of conserved synteny revealed that the genes that encode the α-type subunits of the two main adult isoHbs are members of paralogous gene clusters that represent products of the teleost-specific whole-genome duplication. Experiments revealed no appreciable difference in the oxygenation properties of co-expressed isoHbs in spite of extensive amino acid divergence between the alternative α-chain subunit isoforms. It therefore appears that the ability to switch between aquatic and aerial respiration does not necessarily require a division of labor between functionally distinct isoHbs with specialized oxygenation properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay F Storz
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | | | - Magnus K Grouleff
- Zoophysiology, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, C. F. Møllers Alle 3, Aarhus C 8000, Denmark
| | - Michael Vandewege
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology, and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.,Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing, and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Federico G Hoffmann
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology, and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.,Institute for Genomics, Biocomputing, and Biotechnology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Xinxin You
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI-Marine, BGI, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Byrappa Venkatesh
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore 138673, Singapore.,Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Angela Fago
- Zoophysiology, Department of Biology, Aarhus University, C. F. Møllers Alle 3, Aarhus C 8000, Denmark
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6
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Okonjo KO. Bohr effect and oxygen affinity of carp, eel and human hemoglobin: Quantitative analyses provide rationale for the Root effect. Biophys Chem 2018; 242:45-59. [PMID: 30245351 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The functional properties of most fish hemoglobins are more complex than those of human hemoglobin. This complexity arises in the form of the Root effect, in which the oxygen affinity of such fish hemoglobins decreases rapidly with pH relative to that of human hemoglobin. Cooperative ligand binding is also diminished below pH ≈ 6.5. The Bohr effect, determined by acid-base titration, has been reported for the Root effect carp and anodic eel hemoglobins. Unlike for mammalian hemoglobins, the Wyman equation for the Bohr effect fails to account quantitatively for these Bohr data. We present a successful quantitative accounting for these data based on evidence for multiple T states in various fish hemoglobins and on their lack of sixhistidine Bohr groups, with pKoxy > pKdeoxy. On the same bases we also provide a rationale for the higher pH sensitivity of the oxygen affinity of carp compared to human hemoglobin.
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7
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Jendroszek A, Malte H, Overgaard CB, Beedholm K, Natarajan C, Weber RE, Storz JF, Fago A. Allosteric mechanisms underlying the adaptive increase in hemoglobin-oxygen affinity of the bar-headed goose. J Exp Biol 2018; 221:jeb185470. [PMID: 30026237 PMCID: PMC6176913 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.185470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The high blood-O2 affinity of the bar-headed goose (Anser indicus) is an integral component of the biochemical and physiological adaptations that allow this hypoxia-tolerant species to undertake migratory flights over the Himalayas. The high blood-O2 affinity of this species was originally attributed to a single amino acid substitution of the major hemoglobin (Hb) isoform, HbA, which was thought to destabilize the low-affinity T state, thereby shifting the T-R allosteric equilibrium towards the high-affinity R state. Surprisingly, this mechanistic hypothesis has never been addressed using native proteins purified from blood. Here, we report a detailed analysis of O2 equilibria and kinetics of native major HbA and minor HbD isoforms from bar-headed goose and greylag goose (Anser anser), a strictly lowland species, to identify and characterize the mechanistic basis for the adaptive change in Hb function. We find that HbA and HbD of bar-headed goose have consistently higher O2 affinities than those of the greylag goose. The corresponding Hb isoforms of the two species are equally responsive to physiological allosteric cofactors and have similar Bohr effects. Thermodynamic analyses of O2 equilibrium curves according to the two-state Monod-Wyman-Changeaux model revealed higher R-state O2 affinities in the bar-headed goose Hbs, associated with lower O2 dissociation rates, compared with the greylag goose. Conversely, the T state was not destabilized and the T-R allosteric equilibrium was unaltered in bar-headed goose Hbs. The physiological implication of these results is that increased R-state affinity allows for enhanced O2 saturation in the lungs during hypoxia, but without impairing O2 delivery to tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hans Malte
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | - Kristian Beedholm
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | | | - Roy E Weber
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jay F Storz
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Angela Fago
- Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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8
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Storz JF. Gene Duplication and Evolutionary Innovations in Hemoglobin-Oxygen Transport. Physiology (Bethesda) 2017; 31:223-32. [PMID: 27053736 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00060.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
During vertebrate evolution, duplicated hemoglobin (Hb) genes diverged with respect to functional properties as well as the developmental timing of expression. For example, the subfamilies of genes that encode the different subunit chains of Hb are ontogenetically regulated such that functionally distinct Hb isoforms are expressed during different developmental stages. In some vertebrate taxa, functional differentiation between co-expressed Hb isoforms may also contribute to physiologically important divisions of labor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay F Storz
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska
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9
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Damsgaard C, Phuong LM, Huong DTT, Jensen FB, Wang T, Bayley M. High affinity and temperature sensitivity of blood oxygen binding in Pangasianodon hypophthalmus due to lack of chloride-hemoglobin allosteric interaction. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2015; 308:R907-15. [PMID: 25810388 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00470.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Air-breathing fishes represent interesting organisms in terms of understanding the physiological changes associated with the terrestrialization of vertebrates, and, further, are of great socio-economic importance for aquaculture in Southeast Asia. To understand how environmental factors, such as high temperature, affect O2 transport in air-breathing fishes, this study assessed the effects of temperature on O2 binding of blood and Hb in the economically important air-breathing fish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus. To determine blood O2 binding properties, blood was drawn from resting cannulated fishes and O2 binding curves made at 25°C and 35°C. To determine the allosteric regulation and thermodynamics of Hb O2 binding, Hb was purified, and O2 equilibria were recorded at five temperatures in the absence and presence of ATP and Cl(-). Whole blood had a high O2 affinity (O2 tension at half saturation P50 = 4.6 mmHg at extracellular pH 7.6 and 25°C), a high temperature sensitivity of O2 binding (apparent heat of oxygenation ΔH(app) = -28.3 kcal/mol), and lacked a Root effect. Further, the data on Hb revealed weak ATP binding and a complete lack of Cl(-) binding to Hb, which, in part, explains the high O2 affinity and high temperature sensitivity of blood O2 binding. This study demonstrates how a potent mechanism for increasing O2 affinity is linked to increased temperature sensitivity of O2 transport and provides a basic framework for a better understanding of how hypoxia-adapted species will react to increasing temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Damsgaard
- Zoophysiology, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark;
| | - Le My Phuong
- Zoophysiology, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; College of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Can Tho University, Can Tho City, Vietnam
| | - Do Thi Thanh Huong
- College of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Can Tho University, Can Tho City, Vietnam
| | - Frank B Jensen
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; and
| | - Tobias Wang
- Zoophysiology, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mark Bayley
- Zoophysiology, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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10
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Soldatov AA, Parfenova IA. Hemoglobin system of golden mullet (Liza aurata, Risso) at adaptation to conditions of outer hypoxia. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093014010113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Manconi B, Pellegrini M, Messana I, Sanna MT, Castagnola M, Iavarone F, Coluccia E, Giardina B, Olianas A. The hemoglobin system of the serpent eel Ophisurus serpens: structural and functional characterization. J Comp Physiol B 2013; 183:905-19. [PMID: 23632627 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-013-0759-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The hemoglobin system of the serpent eel Ophisurus serpens was structurally and functionally characterized with the aim of comparing it to the hemoglobin system of other fish species, as oxygen loading under the severe habitat conditions experienced by O. serpens could have necessitated specific adaptation mechanisms during evolution. The hemoglobin system of O. serpens includes one cathodic and four anodic components. The molecular mass of the α and β chains of the cathodic component as well as the 2 α and 4 β of the anodic components were determined. Analysis of the intact α and β chains from cathodic hemoglobin and their proteolytic digestion products by high-resolution MS and MS/MS experiments resulted in 92 and 95 % sequence coverage of the α and β globins, respectively. The oxygen binding properties of both hemoglobin components were analyzed with respect to their interactions with their physiological effectors. Stripped cathodic hemoglobin displayed the highest oxygen affinity among Anguilliformes with no significant effect of pH on O2-affinity. In the presence of both chloride and organic phosphates, O2-affinity was strongly reduced, and cooperativity was enhanced; moreover, cathodic hemoglobin contains two indistinguishable GTP-binding sites. Stripped anodic hemoglobins exhibited both low O2-affinity and low cooperativity and a larger Bohr effect than cathodic hemoglobin. The cathodic hemoglobin of O. serpens and the corresponding component of Conger conger share the greatest structural and functional similarity among hemoglobin systems of Anguilliformes studied to date, consistent with their phylogenetic relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Manconi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042, Monserrato, CA, Italy
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12
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da Cruz AL, da Silva HR, Lundstedt LM, Schwantes AR, Moraes G, Klein W, Fernandes MN. Air-breathing behavior and physiological responses to hypoxia and air exposure in the air-breathing loricariid fish, Pterygoplichthys anisitsi. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2013; 39:243-256. [PMID: 22825808 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-012-9695-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2011] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxic water and episodic air exposure are potentially life-threatening conditions that fish in tropical regions can face during the dry season. This study investigated the air-breathing behavior, oxygen consumption, and respiratory responses of the air-breathing (AB) armored catfish Pterygoplichthys anisitsi. The hematological parameters and oxygen-binding characteristics of whole blood and stripped hemoglobin and the intermediate metabolism of selected tissue in normoxia, different hypoxic conditions, and after air exposure were also examined. In normoxia, this species exhibited high activity at night and AB behavior (2-5 AB h(-1)). The exposure to acute severe hypoxia elicited the AB behavior (4 AB h(-1)) during the day. Under progressive hypoxia without access to the water surface, the fish were oxyregulators with a critical O2 tension, calculated as the inspired water O2 pressure, as 47 ± 2 mmHg. At water O2 tensions lower than 40 mmHg, the fish exhibited continuous apnea behavior. The blood exhibited high capacity for transporting O2, having a cathodic hemoglobin component with a high Hb-O2 affinity. Under severe hypoxia, the fish used anaerobic metabolism to maintain metabolic rate. Air exposure revealed physiological and biochemical traits similar to those observed under normoxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Luis da Cruz
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.
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13
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Opazo JC, Butts GT, Nery MF, Storz JF, Hoffmann FG. Whole-genome duplication and the functional diversification of teleost fish hemoglobins. Mol Biol Evol 2012; 30:140-53. [PMID: 22949522 PMCID: PMC3525417 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/mss212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Subsequent to the two rounds of whole-genome duplication that occurred in the common
ancestor of vertebrates, a third genome duplication occurred in the stem lineage of
teleost fishes. This teleost-specific genome duplication (TGD) is thought to have provided
genetic raw materials for the physiological, morphological, and behavioral diversification
of this highly speciose group. The extreme physiological versatility of teleost fish is
manifest in their diversity of blood–gas transport traits, which reflects the myriad
solutions that have evolved to maintain tissue O2 delivery in the face of
changing metabolic demands and environmental O2 availability during different
ontogenetic stages. During the course of development, regulatory changes in
blood–O2 transport are mediated by the expression of multiple,
functionally distinct hemoglobin (Hb) isoforms that meet the particular
O2-transport challenges encountered by the developing embryo or fetus (in
viviparous or oviparous species) and in free-swimming larvae and adults. The main
objective of the present study was to assess the relative contributions of whole-genome
duplication, large-scale segmental duplication, and small-scale gene duplication in
producing the extraordinary functional diversity of teleost Hbs. To accomplish this, we
integrated phylogenetic reconstructions with analyses of conserved synteny to characterize
the genomic organization and evolutionary history of the globin gene clusters of teleosts.
These results were then integrated with available experimental data on functional
properties and developmental patterns of stage-specific gene expression. Our results
indicate that multiple α- and β-globin genes
were present in the common ancestor of gars (order Lepisoteiformes) and teleosts. The
comparative genomic analysis revealed that teleosts possess a dual set of TGD-derived
globin gene clusters, each of which has undergone lineage-specific changes in gene content
via repeated duplication and deletion events. Phylogenetic reconstructions revealed that
paralogous genes convergently evolved similar functional properties in different teleost
lineages. Consistent with other recent studies of globin gene family evolution in
vertebrates, our results revealed evidence for repeated evolutionary transitions in the
developmental regulation of Hb synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C Opazo
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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14
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Olianas A, Meloni C, Messana I, Sanna MT, Castagnola M, Manconi B, Salvadori S, Giardina B, Pellegrini M. Striped mullet (Mugil cephalus) hemoglobin system: multiplicity and functional properties. J Comp Physiol B 2010; 181:187-97. [PMID: 21046405 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-010-0525-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2010] [Revised: 10/14/2010] [Accepted: 10/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The most frequent (90%) phenotype of the hemoglobin system of M. cephalus presented two major hemoglobins, the more anodal HbI accounting for approximately 70% of the total. The two hemoglobin components separated by ion-exchange chromatography were analyzed by reverse-phase HPLC and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry which revealed a more complex pattern: HbI consists in four different globins, two β (named β1 and β3) and two co-eluting α chains (α1 and α2); HbII consists in three globins, one β chain (named β2) and the same α1 and α2 present in HbI. The oxygen-binding properties of both hemoglobin components purified by DEAE cellulose were almost identical to those of the hemolysate: stripped hemoglobin showed a large Bohr effect which was enhanced by chloride ions and, at a larger extent, by organic phosphates which, at acidic pH values gave rise to the Root effect. A series of oxygen-binding experiments at increasing GTP concentrations was carried out in order to compare GTP-binding activities in the absence and presence of physiological amounts of chloride. The results indicated that hemoglobin do have two sites for GTP binding. In the absence of chloride, the two sites cannot be discriminated, whereas in the presence of chloride, a competition between the two anions occurred for both GTP-binding sites. The presence of multiple hemoglobin components with identical properties confirms that hemoglobin heterogeneity that often occurs in fish cannot be only explained as an evolutionary response to the physiological and/or environmental needs of the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Olianas
- Department of Sciences Applied to Biosystems, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042, Monserrato (CA), Italy
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15
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16
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De Rosa MC, Carelli Alinovi C, Schininà ME, Clementi ME, Amato A, Cappabianca MP, Pezzotti M, Giardina B. Hb Santa Clara (beta 97His-->Asn), a human haemoglobin variant: functional characterization and structure modelling. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2007; 1774:1299-306. [PMID: 17881306 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2007.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2007] [Revised: 07/12/2007] [Accepted: 08/02/2007] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the functional and structural effects of amino acid substitution at alpha(1)beta(2) interface of Hb Santa Clara (beta 97His-->Asn). We have characterized the variation by a combination of electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry and DNA sequence analysis followed by oxygen-binding experiments. Functional studies outlined an increased oxygen affinity, reduced effect of organic phosphates and a reduced Bohr effect with respect to HbA. In view of the primary role of this interface in the cooperative quaternary transition from the T to R conformational state, a theoretical three-dimensional model of Hb Santa Clara was generated. Structural investigations suggest that replacement of Asn for His beta 97 results in a significant stabilization of the high affinity R-state of the haemoglobin molecule with respect to the low affinity T-state. The role of beta FG4 position has been further examined by computational models of known beta FG4 variants, namely Hb Malmö (beta 97His-->Gln), Hb Wood (beta 97His-->Leu), Hb Nagoya (beta 97His-->Pro) and Hb Moriguchi (beta 97His-->Tyr). These findings demonstrate that, among the various residues at the alpha(1)beta(2) (and alpha(2)beta(1)) intersubunit interface, His beta FG4 contributes significantly to the quaternary constraints that are responsible for the low oxygen affinity of human deoxyhaemoglobin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina De Rosa
- Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Catholic University of Rome, Largo F. Vito I, 00168 Rome, Italy
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17
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Berenbrink M. Evolution of vertebrate haemoglobins: Histidine side chains, specific buffer value and Bohr effect. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2006; 154:165-84. [PMID: 16481225 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2006.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2005] [Revised: 01/04/2006] [Accepted: 01/05/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights the use of analytical tools, recently developed in the comparative method of evolutionary biology, for the study of haemoglobin (Hb) adaptation. It focuses on the functional consequences of a previously largely ignored structural feature of Hb, namely the degree and positional specificity of histidine (His) substitution in Hb chains. The importance of His side chains for hydrogen ion buffering, blood CO(2) transport capacity and the molecular mechanism of the Bohr effect in vertebrate Hbs is discussed. Using phylogenetically independent contrasts, a significant correlation between the specific buffer value of Hb and the number of predicted physiological buffer groups from Hb sequence data is shown. In a new result, the evolution of the number of physiological buffer groups in 77 vertebrate species is reconstructed on a phylogenetic tree. The analysis predicts that teleost fishes, passeriform birds and some snakes have independently evolved a much-reduced specific buffer value of Hb, possibly for enhancing the efficiency of an acid load to change oxygen affinity via the Bohr effect. This analysis demonstrates how in comparative physiology analysis of genetic databases in an evolutionary framework can identify candidate species for further experimental in vitro and whole animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Berenbrink
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Liverpool, Biosciences Building, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK.
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18
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Olianas A, Messana I, Sanna MT, Castagnola M, Manconi B, Masia D, Coluccia E, Giardina B, Pellegrini M. Two sites for GTP binding in cathodic haemoglobins from Anguilliformes. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2005; 141:400-7. [PMID: 16019246 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2005.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2004] [Revised: 04/18/2005] [Accepted: 04/18/2005] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cathodic haemoglobins of four species of anguilliform fish were characterized from a functional point of view, with special regard to the interaction with their physiological effectors. A series of oxygen-binding experiments at increasing GTP concentrations was carried out in order to compare GTP-binding activities in the absence and presence of saturating amounts of chloride. The results indicated that the cathodic haemoglobin of three species (Anguilla anguilla, Conger conger and Muraena helena) do have two sites for GTP-binding. In the absence of chloride, the two sites cannot be discriminated, whereas in the presence of chloride, a competition between the two anions occurred for the second GTP-binding site. The cathodic haemoglobin of Gymnothorax unicolor, which showed lower GTP sensitivity than the other haemoglobins examined, displayed only one GTP-binding site. The presence of an additional phosphate-binding site is not exceptional, although the way haemoglobin interacts with the two organic phosphate molecules may differ among species. This property may provide an auxiliary means of haemoglobin modulation for species that inhabit environments where oxygen availability is highly variable and haemoglobin-oxygen affinity needs to be modulated to different extents in order to satisfy physiological oxygen requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Olianas
- Department of Sciences Applied to Biosystems, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, I-09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
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19
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Gollock MJ, Kennedy CR, Brown JA. European eels, Anguilla anguilla (L.), infected with Anguillicola crassus exhibit a more pronounced stress response to severe hypoxia than uninfected eels. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2005; 28:429-36. [PMID: 16083448 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2005.00649.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The parasite, Anguillicola crassus is a non-native species that infects naive European eels, Anguilla anguilla, and causes pathological damage to the swimbladder, potentially compromising their ability to cope with hypoxic conditions. This study aimed to elucidate whether anguillicolosis exacerbates the stress responses to exposure to hypoxic water, conditions that have been implicated in mass mortalities of wild infected European eels. Blood parameters in infected and uninfected eels were measured during exposure to severe hypoxia over an 8-h period. Infected fish showed significantly higher levels of plasma cortisol compared with uninfected eels after 4 h of hypoxia. Uninfected fish showed an almost twofold increase in plasma glucose after 8-h exposure to hypoxia but infected fish showed no significant change, so that the plasma glucose concentration was significantly higher in uninfected eels than in infected eels. Both groups showed similar elevations in blood haematocrit, suggesting a similar catecholamine response in infected and uninfected eels. The lack of a hyperglycaemic response in infected eels, despite indirect evidence of a catecholamine response to hypoxia, may reflect an increase in glucose turnover. The data suggest that anguillicolosis results in a significantly greater corticosteroid stress response to hypoxia accompanied by a higher metabolic cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Gollock
- Hatherly Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
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20
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Weber RE, Fago A. Functional adaptation and its molecular basis in vertebrate hemoglobins, neuroglobins and cytoglobins. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2005; 144:141-59. [PMID: 15556098 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2004.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hemoglobin (Hb), the paradigm for allosteric proteins through decades, has gained renaissance in recent years following discovery of globins or their genes in all living organisms and in all tissues of higher animals, and of new members of the globin family, such as neuroglobins, Ngb, found predominantly in neural and nerve tissues and cytoglobins, Cygb, that has unprecedented nuclear location. The recent progresses in this field have been prompted by the development of sophisticated techniques to probe molecular structure and functions, which have revealed novel functions, such as the scavenging and release of vasoactive nitric oxide and the regulation of cellular metabolism. This review deals with the functional adaptations and the underlying molecular mechanisms in globins and presents case examples of molecular adaptations encountered in vertebrates and agnathans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy E Weber
- Department of Zoophysiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Aarhus, C.F. Møllers Alle 131, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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21
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Maruyama K, Yasumasu S, Iuchi I. Evolution of globin genes of the medaka Oryzias latipes (Euteleostei; Beloniformes; Oryziinae). Mech Dev 2005; 121:753-69. [PMID: 15210183 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2004.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2003] [Revised: 03/11/2004] [Accepted: 03/31/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Recently we cloned two globin gene clusters from the genome of medaka (Oryzias latipes): one designated the embryonic globin gene cluster (E1; (5')alpha0(3')-(3')beta1(5')-(5')alpha1(3')-(5')beta2(3')-(5')alpha2(3')-(3')alpha3(5')-(5')beta3(3')-(3')beta4(5')-(5')alpha4(3')-(3')psialpha(5')-(5')psibeta(3')) and the other the adult globin gene cluster (A1; (3')ad.alpha1(5')-(5')ad.beta1(3')-(3')ad.alpha2(5')). The E1 and A1 clusters map to linkage groups 8 and 19, respectively. The genes beta1/alpha1, alpha3/beta3, beta4/alpha4, psialpha/psibeta and ad.alpha1/ad.beta1 are organized in head-to-head orientation with respect to transcriptional polarity. The genes alpha0, alpha1 and alpha2 are arranged in tandem with the same orientation. The results suggest that a variety of events occurred in globin gene evolution such as chromosomal translocation, duplication of alpha/beta-paired genes, tandem duplication of single alpha genes and the transformation of one pair of alpha/beta-paired genes into pseudogenes (psialpha/psibeta). Amino acid sequences predicted from the genes were compared with those of 42 alpha and 55 beta teleostean globins using the neighbor-joining or maximum likelihood methods. The phylogenetic trees that were generated classified the teleostean globins into at least four groups, tentatively named 'Embryonic Hb Group (I)', 'Notothenioid Major Adult Hb Group (II)', 'Anodic Adult Hb Group (III)' and 'Cathodic Adult Hb Group (IV)'. The medaka genes alpha0, beta1, alpha1, alpha2, alpha3, beta3, beta4 and alpha4 belong to group I, and ad.alpha1 and ad.beta1 to group II. Further analysis suggests that psialpha/psibeta and beta2/ad.alpha2 belong to groups III and IV, respectively. Thus, globin genes in the medaka probably were diversified from four ancestral genes, one for each group. On the basis of the gene comparisons, we present a hypothetical pathway for globin gene evolution in the medaka.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouichi Maruyama
- Life Science Institute, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan
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22
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Bonaventura C, Crumbliss AL, Weber RE. New insights into the proton-dependent oxygen affinity of Root effect haemoglobins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 182:245-58. [PMID: 15491404 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-201x.2004.01359.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A long-standing puzzle with regard to protein structure/function relationships is the proton-dependent modification of haemoglobin (Hb) structure that causes oxygen to be unloaded from Root effect Hbs into the swim bladders and eyes of fish even against high oxygen pressure gradients. Although oxygen unloading in Root effect Hbs has generally been attributed to proton-dependent stabilization of the T-state, protonation of Root effect Hbs can alter their ligand affinities in both R- and T-state conformations and either stabilize the T-state or destabilize the R-state. The C-terminal residues that are so important in the Bohr effect of human Hb appear to be involved in the Root effects of some fish Hbs and not in others, indicating that several evolutionary pathways have resulted in expression of highly pH-dependent Hbs. New data are presented that show surprising similarities in the pH- and anion-dependence of sulfhydryl group reactivity and anaerobic oxidation of human and fish Hbs. The available evidence supports the concept that in both Bohr effect and Root effect Hbs a large steric component acts in addition to quaternary shifts between R and T conformations to regulate ligand affinity. Allosteric effectors moderate these steric effects within both R- and T-state conformations and allow for an elegant match between Hb function and the wide-ranging physiological needs of diverse organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bonaventura
- Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Science, Duke University Marine Laboratory, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA
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23
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Giardina B, Mosca D, De Rosa MC. The Bohr effect of haemoglobin in vertebrates: an example of molecular adaptation to different physiological requirements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 182:229-44. [PMID: 15491403 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-201x.2004.01360.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The Bohr effect, i.e. the pH dependence of the oxygen affinity of haemoglobins (Hbs) from a variety of vertebrates, and its modulation by temperature and other heterotropic effectors has been reviewed. Haemoglobins from vertebrates were not reviewed following the usual classification (i.e. mammals, birds, etc.); instead we have selected several key examples of animals, which are confronted with a similar environmental situation therefore displaying a similar life style. Hence, the paper starts from a description of the general concepts at the basis of the Bohr effect as exemplified by human HbA and goes towards the analysis of the modulation mechanisms which have been observed in different animals in response to the needs induced by: (i) life in cold environments; (ii) diving behaviour; (iii) flight; and (iv) aquatic life. The emerging picture indicates a complex organization of the information contained in the Hb molecule, the oxygen-binding properties of which depend both on the intrinsic characteristics of the protein and on its heterotropic interactions with ligands such as protons (Bohr effect), small anions like chloride and organic phosphates. In addition, each one of the functional effects induced by binding of a given effector appears to be under the strict control of temperature that enhances or decreases its relative weight with respect to all the others. It is just by this sophisticated network of interactions that the Hb molecule is able to satisfy the physiological requirements of a multitude of organisms without changing dramatically its quaternary structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Giardina
- Institute of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry and CNR Institute of Chemistry of Molecular Recognition, Catholic University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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24
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Hundahl C, Fago A, Malte H, Weber RE. Allosteric effect of water in fish and human hemoglobins. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:42769-73. [PMID: 12925528 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m307515200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Prompted by the reported lack of solvation effects on the oxygen affinity of fish (trout I) hemoglobin that questioned allosteric water binding in human hemoglobin A (Bellelli, A., Brancaccio, A., and Brunori, M. (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268, 4742-4744), we have investigated solvation effects in fish and human hemoglobins by means of the osmotic stress method and allosteric analysis. In contrast to the earlier report, we demonstrate that water potential does affect oxygen affinity of trout hemoglobin I in the presence of inert solutes like betaine. Moreover, we show that upon oxygenation electrophoretically anodic hemoglobin from trout and eel bind a similar number of water molecules as does human hemoglobin A, whereas the cathodic hemoglobins of trout and eel bind smaller, but mutually similar, numbers of water molecules. Addition of cofactors strongly increases the number of water molecules bound to eel hemoglobin A (as in human hemoglobin) but only weakly affects water binding to eel hemoglobin C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hundahl
- Department of Zoophysiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, C. F. Møllers Alle 131, University of Aarhus, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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25
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Larsen C, Malte H, Weber RE. ATP-induced reverse temperature effect in isohemoglobins from the endothermic porbeagle shark (Lamna nasus). J Biol Chem 2003; 278:30741-7. [PMID: 12773532 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m301930200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolutionary convergence of endothermic tunas and lamnid sharks is unique. Their heat exchanger-mediated endothermy represents an interesting example of the evolutionary pressure associated with this specific characteristic. To assess the implications of endothermy for gas transport and the possible contribution of hemoglobin (Hb), we investigated the effect of temperature on the oxygen equilibria of purified isohemoglobin components V and III from the porbeagle shark (Lamna nasus). In the absence of ATP the effect of temperature on oxygen affinity is normal in both Hb III (P50 = 0.9 and 2.2 torr at 10 and 26 degrees C, respectively) and Hb V (P50 = 1.5 and 2.5 torr at 10 and 26 degrees C, respectively). In the presence of this effector P50 decreases with increasing temperature in both components (P50 at 10 and 26 degrees C = 9.9 and 8.4 torr (Hb III), respectively, and 9.6 and 7.4 torr (Hb V), respectively. The reverse temperature effect in the presence of ATP will reduce the risk of oxygen loss from the arterial to the venous blood by lowering the oxygen tension gradient between the blood vessels. The mechanism behind the reverse temperature effect resembles that found in the bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus), an endothermic teleost, thus evidencing further convergent evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Larsen
- Department of Zoophysiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Aarhus, Building 131, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
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26
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Pellegrini M, Giardina B, Verde C, Carratore V, Olianas A, Sollai L, Sanna MT, Castagnola M, di Prisco G. Structural-functional characterization of the cathodic haemoglobin of the conger eel Conger conger: molecular modelling study of an additional phosphate-binding site. Biochem J 2003; 372:679-86. [PMID: 12646043 PMCID: PMC1223446 DOI: 10.1042/bj20021865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2002] [Revised: 03/07/2003] [Accepted: 03/19/2003] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The protein sequence data for the alpha- and beta-chains have been deposited in the SWISS-PROT and TrEMBL protein knowledgebase under the accession numbers P83479 and P83478 respectively. The Conger conger (conger eel) haemoglobin (Hb) system is made of three components, one of which, the so-called cathodic Hb, representing approx. 20% of the total pigment, has been purified and characterized from both a structural and functional point of view. Stripped Hb showed a reverse Bohr effect, high oxygen affinity and slightly low cooperativity in the absence of any effector. Addition of saturating GTP strongly influences the pH dependence of the oxygen affinity, since the reverse Bohr effect, observed under stripped conditions, is converted into a small normal Bohr effect. A further investigation of the GTP effect on oxygen affinity, carried out by fitting its titration curve, demonstrated the presence of two independent binding sites. Therefore, on the basis of the amino acid sequence of the alpha- and beta-chains, which have been determined, a computer modelling study has been performed. The data suggest that C. conger cathodic Hb may bind organic phosphates at two distinct binding sites located along the central cavity of the tetramer by hydrogen bonds and/or electrostatic interactions with amino acid residues of both chains, which have been identified. Among these residues, the two Lys-alpha(G6) (where the letter refers to the haemoglobin helix and the number to the amino acid position in the helix) appear to have a key role in the GTP movement from the external binding region to the internal central cavity of the tetrameric molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariagiuseppina Pellegrini
- Department of Sciences Applied to Biosystems, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, I-09042 Monserrato (CA), Italy.
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27
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Verde C, Carratore V, Riccio A, Tamburrini M, Parisi E, Di Prisco G. The functionally distinct hemoglobins of the Arctic spotted wolffish Anarhichas minor. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:36312-20. [PMID: 12118003 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m202474200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The Arctic fish Anarhichas minor, a benthic sedentary species, displays high hemoglobin multiplicity. The three major hemoglobins (Hb 1, Hb 2, and Hb 3) show important functional differences in pH and organophosphate regulation, subunit cooperativity, and response of oxygen binding to temperature. Hb 1 and Hb 2 display a low, effector-enhanced Bohr effect and no Root effect. In contrast, Hb 3 displays pronounced Bohr and Root effects, accompanied by strong organophosphate regulation. Hb 1 has the beta (beta(1)) chain in common with Hb 2; Hb 3 and Hb 2 share the alpha (alpha(2)) chain. The amino acid sequences have been established. Several substitutions in crucial positions were observed, such as Cys in place of C-terminal His in the beta(1) chain of Hb 1 and Hb 2. In Hb 3, Val E11 of the beta(2) chain is replaced by Ile. Homology modeling revealed an unusual structure of the Hb 3 binding site of inositol hexakisphoshate. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that only Hb 2 displays higher overall similarity with the major Antarctic hemoglobins. The oxygen transport system of A. minor differs remarkably from those of Antarctic Notothenioidei, indicating distinct evolutionary pathways in the regulatory mechanisms of the fish respiratory system in the two polar environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Verde
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Marconi 12, I-80125 Naples, Italy
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28
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Tamburrini M, Verde C, Olianas A, Giardina B, Corda M, Sanna MT, Fais A, Deiana AM, di Prisco G, Pellegrini M. The hemoglobin system of the brown moray Gymnothorax unicolor: structure/function relationships. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 2001; 268:4104-11. [PMID: 11454005 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1327.2001.02333.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The Gymnothorax unicolor hemoglobin system is characterized by two components, called cathodic and anodic on the basis of their isoelectric point, which were separated by ion-exchange chromatography. The oxygen-binding properties of the purified components were studied in the absence and presence of chloride and/or GTP or ATP in the pH range 6.5-8.0. Stripped cathodic hemoglobin showed a small reverse Bohr effect, high oxygen affinity, and low co-operativity; the addition of chloride only caused a small decrease in oxygen affinity. In the presence of GTP or ATP, the oxygen affinity was dramatically reduced, the co-operativity increased, and the reverse Bohr effect abolished. Stripped anodic hemoglobin is characterized by both low oxygen affinity and co-operativity, and displayed a normal Bohr effect; the addition of chloride increased co-operativity, whereas ATP and GTP significantly modulated oxygen affinity at acidic pH values, enhancing the Bohr effect and giving rise to the Root effect. The complete amino-acid sequences of the alpha and beta chains of both hemoglobins were established; the molecular basis of the functional properties of the hemoglobins is discussed in the light of the primary structure and compared with those of other fish hemoglobins.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tamburrini
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry and Enzymology, CNR, Naples, Italy
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29
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Weber RE, Fago A, Val AL, Bang A, Van Hauwaert ML, Dewilde S, Zal F, Moens L. Isohemoglobin differentiation in the bimodal-breathing amazon catfish Hoplosternum littorale. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:17297-305. [PMID: 10747999 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m001209200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The bimodal gill(water)/gut(air)-breathing Amazonian catfish Hoplosternum littorale that frequents hypoxic habitats uses "mammalian" 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (DPG) in addition to "piscine" ATP and GTP as erythrocytic O(2) affinity modulators. Its electrophoretically distinct anodic and cathodic hemoglobins (Hb(An) and Hb(Ca)) were isolated for functional and molecular characterization. In contrast to Hb(An), phosphate-free Hb(Ca) exhibits a pronounced reverse Bohr effect (increased O(2) affinity with decreasing pH) that is obliterated by ATP, and opposite pH dependences of K(T) (O(2) association constant of low affinity, tense state) and the overall heat of oxygenation. Dose-response curves indicate small chloride effects and pronounced and differentiated phosphate effects, DPG < ATP < GTP < IHP. Hb(Ca)-O(2) equilibria analyzed in terms of the Monod-Wyman-Changeux model show that small T state bond energy differences underlie the differentiated phosphate effects. Synthetic peptides, corresponding to N-terminal fragment of the cytoplasmic domain of trout band 3 protein, undergo oxygenation-linked binding to Hb(Ca), suggesting a metabolic regulatory role for this hemoglobin. The amino acid sequences for the alpha and beta chains of Hb(Ca) obtained by Edman degradation and cDNA sequencing show unusual substitutions at the phosphate-binding site that are discussed in terms of its reverse Bohr effect and anion sensitivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Weber
- Department of Zoophysiology, University of Aarhus, DK 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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Frische S, Fago A, Altimiras J. Respiratory responses to short term hypoxia in the snapping turtle, Chelydra serpentina. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2000; 126:223-31. [PMID: 10936762 DOI: 10.1016/s1095-6433(00)00201-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Among vertebrates, turtles are able to tolerate exceptionally low oxygen tensions. We have investigated the compensatory mechanisms that regulate respiration and blood oxygen transport in snapping turtles during short exposure to hypoxia. Snapping turtles started to hyperventilate when oxygen levels dropped below 10% O(2). Total ventilation increased 1.75-fold, essentially related to an increase in respiration frequency. During normoxia, respiration occurred in bouts of four to five breaths, whereas at 5% O(2), the ventilation pattern was more regular with breathing bouts consisting of a single breath. The increase in the heart rate between breaths during hypoxia suggests that a high pulmonary blood flow may be maintained during non-ventilatory periods to improve arterial blood oxygenation. After 4 days of hypoxia at 5% O(2), hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration and multiplicity and intraerythrocytic organic phosphate concentration remained unaltered. Accordingly, oxygen binding curves at constant P(CO(2)) showed no changes in oxygen affinity and cooperativity. However, blood pH increased significantly from 7.50+/-0.05 under normoxia to 7.72+/-0.03 under hypoxia. The respiratory alkalosis will produce a pronounced in vivo left-shift of the blood oxygen dissociation curve due to the large Bohr effect and this is shown to be critical for arterial oxygen saturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Frische
- Department of Zoophysiology, Danish Center for Respiratory Adaptation, University of Aarhus, Denmark
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An ecophysiological interpretation of hemoglobin multiplicity in three herbivorous marine teleost species from New Zealand. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s1095-6433(98)10121-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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The haemoglobin system of the mudfish, Labeo capensis: adaptations to temperature and hypoxia. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0305-0491(98)10071-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Brauner C, Randall D. The Linkage Between Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport. FISH PHYSIOLOGY 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s1546-5098(08)60264-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Stam WT, Beintema JJ, D'Avino R, Tamburrini M, di Prisco G. Molecular evolution of hemoglobins of Antarctic fishes (Notothenioidei). J Mol Evol 1997; 45:437-45. [PMID: 9321422 DOI: 10.1007/pl00006248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Amino acid sequences of alpha- and beta-chains of human hemoglobin and of hemoglobins of coelacanth and 24 teleost fish species, including 11 antarctic and two temperate Notothenioidei, were analyzed using maximum parsimony. Trees were derived for the alpha- and beta-chains separately and for tandemly arranged sequences, using the human and coelacanth sequences as outgroups in all analyses. The topologies of the trees of the alpha- and beta-chains are highly congruent and indicate a specific pattern of gene duplications and gene expression of teleost hemoglobins which has not yet been investigated into more detail. The Notothenioid fish generally contain a single major hemoglobin and often a second minor component. The alpha- and beta-chains of the major components form a monophyletic group in all investigated trees, with the nonantarctic Pseudaphritis as their sister taxon. The minor chains also are a monophyletic group and form an unresolved cluster with the major chains and the hemoglobins of tuna and red gurnard. The Notothenioid families Nototheniidae and Bathydraconidae appear to be paraphyletic.
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Affiliation(s)
- W T Stam
- Department of Marine Biology, University of Groningen, Haren, The Netherlands
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Fago A, Bendixen E, Malte H, Weber RE. The anodic hemoglobin of Anguilla anguilla. Molecular basis for allosteric effects in a root-effect hemoglobin. J Biol Chem 1997; 272:15628-35. [PMID: 9188451 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.272.25.15628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The functional and structural basis for the Root effect has been investigated in the anodic hemoglobin of the European eel, Anguilla anguilla. This hemoglobin exhibits a large Bohr effect, which is accounted for by oxygen-linked binding of seven to eight protons in the presence of GTP at pH 7.5. Oxygen equilibrium curves show nonlinear lower asymptote of Hill plots, indicating the occurrence of heme-heme interactions within the T state. Analysis of the curves according to the co-operon model (Brunori, M., Coletta, M., and Di Cera, E. (1986) Biophys. Chem. 23, 215-222) reveals that T state cooperativity is positive at high pH and in the stripped hemoglobin (where the T --> R allosteric transition is operative) and negative at low pH and in the presence of organic phosphate (where the molecule is locked in the low affinity structure), indicating site heterogeneity. The complete amino acid sequence of eel anodic hemoglobin has been established and compared with that of other fish hemoglobins. The presence of the Root effect correlates with a specific configuration of the alpha1beta2 switch interface, which at low pH would stabilize subunit ligation in the T state without changing the quaternary structure. We propose that the major groups involved in the binding of oxygen-linked protons in eel anodic hemoglobin are located on the beta chain and comprise His-HC3 at the C terminus, His-FG4 at the switch interface, and Lys-EF6 and the N terminus at the phosphate-binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fago
- Department of Zoophysiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Building 131, University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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Feuerlein RJ, Weber RE. Oxygen equilibria of cathodic eel hemoglobin analysed in terms of the MWC model and Adair's successive oxygenation theory. J Comp Physiol B 1996; 165:597-606. [PMID: 8882506 DOI: 10.1007/bf00301127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Allosteric effects of erythrocytic NTP and proton concentrations on cathodic eel Hb were investigated by precise measurement of Hb-O2 equilibria (including extreme saturation values) and analysis in terms of the MWC two-state model and the Adair four-step oxygenation theory. Stripped cathodic Hb shows a reverse Bohr effect and high sensitivities to ATP and GTP that extend to high pH values (> 8.5). A decrease in pH raises KT and lowers the allosteric constant L, compared to opposite effects in 'normal' Bohr effect Hbs. Phosphates even at low concentrations (GTP/Hb = 0.5) annihilate the reverse Bohr effect. GTP exerts a greater effect than ATP due to greater changes in KT and L, and NTP slightly reduces KR. In the absence of NTP, about 1.1 protons are released on deoxygenation at pH 8.15 (where most protons are released), indicating a pK value of the reverse Bohr group of approximately 8.2 (higher in oxy-Hb and lower in deoxy-Hb). The pH and NTP dependence of the Adair association constants and calculated fractional populations of Hb molecules in different oxygenation stages show that NTP effectors stabilise the T structure and postpone the T-R transition, whereas protons in the absence of NTP have the opposite effect. A molecular mechanism for the reverse Bohr effect is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Feuerlein
- Department of Zoophysiology, University of Aarhus, Denmark
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