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Cho YL, Tzou YM, Assakinah A, Than NAT, Yoon HS, Park SI, Wang CC, Lee YC, Hsu LC, Huang PY, Liu SL, Liu YT. Accumulation and bio-oxidation of arsenite mediated by thermoacidophilic Cyanidiales: innate potential biomaterials toward arsenic remediation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 406:130912. [PMID: 38821424 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Addressing geogenic and anthropogenic arsenic (As) pollution is critical for environmental health. This study explored arsenite [As(III)] removal using Cyanidiales, particularly Cyanidium caldarium (Cc) and Galdieria partita (Gp), under acidic to neutral pH, and determined As(III) detoxification mechanisms in relation to As speciation and protein secondary structure in Cyanidiales. Regarding As(III) sorption amounts, Cc outperformed Gp, reaching 83.2 mg g-1 of removal at pH 5.0. Wherein, 23.5 % of sorbed As on Cc presented as arsenate [As(V)] complexation with polysaccharides, alongside other predominant species including As(III)-cysteine (41.2 %) and As(III)-polysaccharides (35.3 %) complexes. This suggested that As(III) was directly transported into cells, rather than As(V). Coupled with the formation of As(III)-cysteine complexes within cells, these mechanisms may be key to efficiently accumulating As(III) in Cyanidiales during the 6-h incubation. These results highlight the potential of Cyanidiales for sustainable As(III) remediation and provide new insights into managing As(III) toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Lin Cho
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan (R.O.C.); Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung 407224, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Yu-Min Tzou
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan (R.O.C.); Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Afifah Assakinah
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Nhu Anh Thi Than
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Hwan Su Yoon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Seung In Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Chun-Chieh Wang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Yao-Chang Lee
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Liang-Ching Hsu
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Pei-Yu Huang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Shao-Lun Liu
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung 40704, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Yu-Ting Liu
- Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan (R.O.C.); Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan (R.O.C.).
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2
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Tóth A, Sajdik K, Gyurcsik B, Nafaee ZH, Wéber E, Kele Z, Christensen NJ, Schell J, Correia JG, Sigfridsson Clauss KGV, Pittkowski RK, Thulstrup PW, Hemmingsen L, Jancsó A. As III Selectively Induces a Disorder-to-Order Transition in the Metalloid Binding Region of the AfArsR Protein. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:17009-17022. [PMID: 38820242 PMCID: PMC11212059 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Arsenic is highly toxic and a significant threat to human health, but certain bacteria have developed defense mechanisms initiated by AsIII binding to AsIII-sensing proteins of the ArsR family. The transcriptional regulator AfArsR responds to AsIII and SbIII by coordinating the metalloids with three cysteines, located in a short sequence of the same monomer chain. Here, we characterize the binding of AsIII and HgII to a model peptide encompassing this fragment of the protein via solution equilibrium and spectroscopic/spectrometric techniques (pH potentiometry, UV, CD, NMR, PAC, EXAFS, and ESI-MS) combined with DFT calculations and MD simulations. Coordination of AsIII changes the peptide structure from a random-coil to a well-defined structure of the complex. A trigonal pyramidal AsS3 binding site is formed with almost exactly the same structure as observed in the crystal structure of the native protein, implying that the peptide possesses all of the features required to mimic the AsIII recognition and response selectivity of AfArsR. Contrary to this, binding of HgII to the peptide does not lead to a well-defined structure of the peptide, and the atoms near the metal binding site are displaced and reoriented in the HgII model. Our model study suggests that structural organization of the metal site by the inducer ion is a key element in the mechanism of the metalloid-selective recognition of this protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamária Tóth
- Department
of Molecular and Analytical Chemistry, University
of Szeged, Dóm
tér 7-8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Kadosa Sajdik
- Department
of Molecular and Analytical Chemistry, University
of Szeged, Dóm
tér 7-8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Béla Gyurcsik
- Department
of Molecular and Analytical Chemistry, University
of Szeged, Dóm
tér 7-8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zeyad H. Nafaee
- Department
of Molecular and Analytical Chemistry, University
of Szeged, Dóm
tér 7-8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Edit Wéber
- Department
of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- HUN-REN-SZTE
Biomimetic Systems Research Group, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Kele
- Department
of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Niels Johan Christensen
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University
of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Juliana Schell
- Institute
for Materials Science and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen
(CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany
- European
Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Joao Guilherme Correia
- Centro de
Cięncias e Tecnologias Nucleares, Departamento de Engenharia
e Cięncias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
- European
Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Rebecca K. Pittkowski
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Kobenhavn Ø, Denmark
| | - Peter Waaben Thulstrup
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Kobenhavn Ø, Denmark
| | - Lars Hemmingsen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Kobenhavn Ø, Denmark
| | - Attila Jancsó
- Department
of Molecular and Analytical Chemistry, University
of Szeged, Dóm
tér 7-8, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
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3
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Yamaguchi R, Yamamoto T, Umeno D, Kamiya K, Kawai-Noma S. Imparting As(III) Responsiveness to the Choline Response Transcriptional Regulator BetI. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:16035-16043. [PMID: 38617678 PMCID: PMC11007814 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The development of a low-cost and user-friendly sensor using microorganisms to monitor the presence of As(III) on earth has garnered significant attention. In conventional research on microbial As(III) sensors, the focus has been on transcription factor ArsR, which plays a role in As(III) metabolism. However, we recently discovered that LuxR, a quorum-sensing control factor in Vibrio fischeri that contains multiple cysteine residues, acted as an As(III) sensor despite having no role in As(III) metabolism. This finding suggested that any protein could be an As(III) sensor if cysteine residues were incorporated. In this study, we aimed to confer As(III) responsiveness to BetI, a transcriptional repressor of the TetR family involved in osmotic regulation of the choline response, unrelated to As(III) metabolism. Based on the BetI structure constructed using molecular dynamics calculations, we generated a series of mutants in which each of the three amino acids not critical for function was substituted with cysteine. Subsequent examination of their response to As(III) revealed that the cysteine-substituted mutant, incorporating all three substitutions, demonstrated As(III) responsiveness. This was evidenced by the fluorescence intensity of the downstream reporter superfolder green fluorescent protein expression regulated by the operator region. Intriguingly, the BetI cysteine mutant maintained its binding responsiveness to the natural ligand choline. We successfully engineered an OR logic gate capable of responding to two orthogonal ligands using a single protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Yamaguchi
- Department
of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Tetsuaki Yamamoto
- Department
of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Daisuke Umeno
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Katsumasa Kamiya
- Center
for Basic Education and Integrated Learning, Kanagawa Institute of Technology, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0292, Japan
| | - Shigeko Kawai-Noma
- Department
of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
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4
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Mizio K, Wawrzycka D, Staszewski J, Wysocki R, Maciaszczyk-Dziubinska E. Identification of amino acid substitutions that toggle substrate selectivity of the yeast arsenite transporter Acr3. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 456:131653. [PMID: 37224717 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The Acr3 protein family plays a crucial role in metalloid detoxification and includes members from bacteria to higher plants. Most of the Acr3 transporters studied so far are specific for arsenite, whereas Acr3 from budding yeast also shows some capacity to transport antimonite. However, the molecular basis of Acr3 substrate specificity remains poorly understood. By analyzing randomly generated and rationally designed yeast Acr3 variants, critical residues determining substrate specificity were identified for the first time. Replacement of Val173 with Ala abolished antimonite transport without affecting arsenite extrusion. In contrast, substitution of Glu353 with Asp resulted in a loss of arsenite transport activity and a concomitant increase in antimonite translocation capacity. Importantly, Val173 is located close to the hypothetical substrate binding site, whereas Glu353 has been proposed to participate in substrate binding. Identification of key residues conferring substrate selectivity provides a valuable starting point for further studies of the Acr3 family and may have implications for the development of biotechnological applications in metalloid remediation. Moreover, our data contribute to understanding why members of the Acr3 family evolved as arsenite-specific transporters in an environment of ubiquitously present arsenic and trace amounts of antimony.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Mizio
- Department of Genetics and Cell Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wroclaw, 50-328 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Donata Wawrzycka
- Department of Genetics and Cell Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wroclaw, 50-328 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Staszewski
- Department of Genetics and Cell Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wroclaw, 50-328 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Robert Wysocki
- Department of Genetics and Cell Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wroclaw, 50-328 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Maciaszczyk-Dziubinska
- Department of Genetics and Cell Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Wroclaw, 50-328 Wroclaw, Poland.
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5
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Ranganathan S, Sethi D, Kasivisweswaran S, Ramya L, Priyadarshini R, Yennamalli RM. Structural and functional mapping of ars gene cluster in Deinococcus indicus DR1. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 21:519-534. [PMID: 36618989 PMCID: PMC9807832 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Deinococcus indicus DR1 is a novel Gram-negative bacterium, isolated from the Dadri wetlands in Uttar Pradesh, India. In addition to being radiation-resistant, the rod-shaped, red-pigmented organism shows extraordinary resistance to arsenic. The proteins of the corresponding ars gene cluster involved in arsenic extrusion in D. indicus DR1 have not yet been characterized. Additionally, how these proteins regulate each other providing arsenic resistance is still unclear. Here, we present a computational model of the operonic structure and the corresponding characterization of the six proteins of the ars gene cluster in D. indicus DR1. Additionally, we show the expression of the genes in the presence of arsenic using qRT-PCR. The ars gene cluster consists of two transcriptional regulators (ArsR1, ArsR2), two arsenate reductases (ArsC2, ArsC3), one metallophosphatase family protein (MPase), and a transmembrane arsenite efflux pump (ArsB). The transcriptional regulators are trans-acting repressors, and the reductases reduce arsenate (As5+) ions to arsenite (As3+) ions for favourable extrusion. The proteins modelled using RoseTTAFold, and their conformationally stable coordinates obtained after MD simulation indicate their various functional roles with respect to arsenic. Excluding ArsB, all the proteins belong to the α + β class of proteins. ArsB, being a membrane protein, is fully α-helical, with 12 transmembrane helices. The results show the degree of similarity or divergence of the mechanism utilized by these proteins of ars gene cluster in D. indicus DR1 to confer high levels of arsenic tolerance. This structural characterization study of the ars genes will enable new and deeper insights of arsenic tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrivaishnavi Ranganathan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu 613401, India
| | - Deepa Sethi
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sandhya Kasivisweswaran
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - L. Ramya
- Computational and Molecular Biophysics Laboratory, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu 613401, India
| | - Richa Priyadarshini
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, India,Corresponding authors.
| | - Ragothaman M. Yennamalli
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu 613401, India,Corresponding authors.
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6
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Chen X, Yao H, Song D, Lin J, Zhou H, Yuan W, Song P, Sun G, Xu M. A novel antimony-selective ArsR transcriptional repressor and its specific detection of antimony trioxide in environmental samples via bacterial biosensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 220:114838. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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7
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Maleki F, Shahpiri A. Efficient and specific bioaccumulation of arsenic in the transgenic Escherichia coli expressing ArsR1 from Corynebacterium glutamicum. Biometals 2022; 35:889-901. [PMID: 35767097 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-022-00412-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The toxic nature of arsenic has left a trail of disastrous health consequences around the world. Microorganisms have developed various strategies to deal with arsenic. The presence of plasmid and chromosomal ars operons is one of the most important mechanisms for the detoxification of arsenic in bacteria. ArsR is a trans-acting regulatory protein and acts as a repressor on ars operon. The gene encoding ArsR from Corynebacterium glutamicum (CgArsR1) was cloned in expression vectors pET28a. The resulting constructs were transformed into Escherichia coli strains Rosetta (DE3) and Rosetta gami 2. Following the induction with Isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside, the protein His-CgArsR1 was found in the soluble fraction of strain Rg-CgArsR1. For comparison, ArsR from E. coli was also overexpressed in E. coli (strain Rosetta gami 2) as His-EcArsR. A strain containing empty vector pET28a was also used as a control strain. In the medium containing either arsenite (0.5 mM) or arsenate (0.5 mM), the strain Rg-CgArsR1 and Rg-EcArsR were able to accumulate 1200 and 700 µg/g DCW As3+, respectively. In comparison, the accumulation of As5+ in these strains was 338 and 232 µg/g DCW, respectively. Whereas both strains Rg-CgArsR1 and Rg-EcArsR were able to accumulate higher amounts of As3+ and As5+ with respect to control strain, the accumulation of arsenic in the strain Rg-CgArsR1 was significantly more efficient than strain Rg-EcArsR for removing As3+ and As5+. Based on the results the gene encoding CgArsR1 is a useful and efficient target gene for the modification of bacteria for bioremediation of arsenic from polluted soil and water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Maleki
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, 84156-83111, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Azar Shahpiri
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, 84156-83111, Isfahan, Iran.
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8
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Miniero DV, Monné M, Di Noia MA, Palmieri L, Palmieri F. Evidence for Non-Essential Salt Bridges in the M-Gates of Mitochondrial Carrier Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095060. [PMID: 35563451 PMCID: PMC9104175 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial carriers, which transport metabolites, nucleotides, and cofactors across the mitochondrial inner membrane, have six transmembrane α-helices enclosing a translocation pore with a central substrate binding site whose access is controlled by a cytoplasmic and a matrix gate (M-gate). The salt bridges formed by the three PX[DE]XX[RK] motifs located on the odd-numbered transmembrane α-helices greatly contribute to closing the M-gate. We have measured the transport rates of cysteine mutants of the charged residue positions in the PX[DE]XX[RK] motifs of the bovine oxoglutarate carrier, the yeast GTP/GDP carrier, and the yeast NAD+ transporter, which all lack one of these charged residues. Most single substitutions, including those of the non-charged and unpaired charged residues, completely inactivated transport. Double mutations of charged pairs showed that all three carriers contain salt bridges non-essential for activity. Two double substitutions of these non-essential charge pairs exhibited higher transport rates than their corresponding single mutants, whereas swapping the charged residues in these positions did not increase activity. The results demonstrate that some of the residues in the charged residue positions of the PX[DE]XX[KR] motifs are important for reasons other than forming salt bridges, probably for playing specific roles related to the substrate interaction-mediated conformational changes leading to the M-gate opening/closing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Valeria Miniero
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (D.V.M.); (M.M.); (M.A.D.N.)
| | - Magnus Monné
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (D.V.M.); (M.M.); (M.A.D.N.)
- Department of Sciences, University of Basilicata, Via Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Di Noia
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (D.V.M.); (M.M.); (M.A.D.N.)
| | - Luigi Palmieri
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (D.V.M.); (M.M.); (M.A.D.N.)
- CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), 70126 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.P.); (F.P.)
| | - Ferdinando Palmieri
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (D.V.M.); (M.M.); (M.A.D.N.)
- CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), 70126 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.P.); (F.P.)
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9
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Zheng H, Liu B, Xu Y, Zhang Z, Man H, Liu J, Chen F. An Inducible Microbacterium Prophage vB_MoxS-R1 Represents a Novel Lineage of Siphovirus. Viruses 2022; 14:v14040731. [PMID: 35458461 PMCID: PMC9030533 DOI: 10.3390/v14040731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Lytic and lysogenic infections are the main strategies used by viruses to interact with microbial hosts. The genetic information of prophages provides insights into the nature of phages and their potential influences on hosts. Here, the siphovirus vB_MoxS-R1 was induced from a Microbacterium strain isolated from an estuarine Synechococcus culture. vB_MoxS-R1 has a high replication capability, with an estimated burst size of 2000 virions per cell. vB_MoxS-R1 represents a novel phage genus-based genomic analysis. Six transcriptional regulator (TR) genes were predicted in the vB_MoxS-R1 genome. Four of these TR genes are involved in stress responses, virulence and amino acid transportation in bacteria, suggesting that they may play roles in regulating the host cell metabolism in response to external environmental changes. A glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase gene related to phosphorus acquisition was also identified in the vB_MoxS-R1 genome. The presence of six TR genes and the phosphorus-acquisition gene suggests that prophage vB_MoxS-R1 has the potential to influence survival and adaptation of its host during lysogeny. Possession of four endonuclease genes in the prophage genome suggests that vB_MoxS-R1 is likely involved in DNA recombination or gene conversion and further influences host evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongrui Zheng
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266000, China; (H.Z.); (B.L.); (Z.Z.); (H.M.)
| | - Binbin Liu
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266000, China; (H.Z.); (B.L.); (Z.Z.); (H.M.)
| | - Yongle Xu
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266000, China; (H.Z.); (B.L.); (Z.Z.); (H.M.)
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon Sequestration, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
- Correspondence: (Y.X.); (J.L.)
| | - Zefeng Zhang
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266000, China; (H.Z.); (B.L.); (Z.Z.); (H.M.)
| | - Hongcong Man
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266000, China; (H.Z.); (B.L.); (Z.Z.); (H.M.)
| | - Jihua Liu
- Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266000, China; (H.Z.); (B.L.); (Z.Z.); (H.M.)
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China
- Joint Laboratory for Ocean Research and Education at Dalhousie University, Shandong University and Xiamen University, Qingdao 266237, China
- Correspondence: (Y.X.); (J.L.)
| | - Feng Chen
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA;
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10
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OFF-switching property of quorum sensor LuxR via As(III)-induced insoluble form. J Biosci Bioeng 2022; 133:335-339. [PMID: 35120813 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2021.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Whole-cell sensors for arsenite detection have been developed exclusively based on the natural arsenite (As(III)) sensory protein ArsR for arsenic metabolism. This study reports that the quorum-sensing LuxR/Plux system from Vibrio fischeri, which is completely unrelated to arsenic metabolism, responds to As(III) in a dose-dependent manner. Due to as many as 9 cysteine residues, which has a high binding affinity with As(III), LuxR underwent As(III)-induced insoluble form, thereby reducing its effective cellular concentration. Accordingly, the expression level of green fluorescent protein under the control of Plux gradually decreased with increasing As(III) concentration in the medium. This is a novel As(III)-detection system that has never been proposed before, with a unique ON-to-OFF transfer function.
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11
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Beabout K, Bernhards CB, Thakur M, Turner KB, Cole SD, Walper SA, Chávez JL, Lux MW. Optimization of Heavy Metal Sensors Based on Transcription Factors and Cell-Free Expression Systems. ACS Synth Biol 2021; 10:3040-3054. [PMID: 34723503 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.1c00331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Many bacterial mechanisms for highly specific and sensitive detection of heavy metals and other hazards have been reengineered to serve as sensors. In some cases, these sensors have been implemented in cell-free expression systems, enabling easier design optimization and deployment in low-resource settings through lyophilization. Here, we apply the advantages of cell-free expression systems to optimize sensors based on three separate bacterial response mechanisms for arsenic, cadmium, and mercury. We achieved detection limits below the World Health Organization-recommended levels for arsenic and mercury and below the short-term US Military Exposure Guideline levels for all three. The optimization of each sensor was approached differently, leading to observations useful for the development of future sensors: (1) there can be a strong dependence of specificity on the particular cell-free expression system used, (2) tuning of relative concentrations of the sensing and reporter elements improves sensitivity, and (3) sensor performance can vary significantly with linear vs plasmid DNA. In addition, we show that simply combining DNA for the three sensors into a single reaction enables detection of each target heavy metal without any further optimization. This combined approach could lead to sensors that detect a range of hazards at once, such as a panel of water contaminants or all known variants of a target virus. For low-resource settings, such "all-hazard" sensors in a cheap, easy-to-use format could have high utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Beabout
- UES, Inc., Dayton, Ohio 45432, United States
- Air Force Research Laboratory, 711th Human Performance Wing, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Casey B. Bernhards
- Excet, Inc., 6225 Brandon Avenue #360, Springfield, Virginia 22150, United States
- U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Chemical Biological Center, 8198 Blackhawk Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010, United States
| | - Meghna Thakur
- Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
- College of Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030, United States
| | - Kendrick B. Turner
- Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Stephanie D. Cole
- U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Chemical Biological Center, 8198 Blackhawk Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010, United States
| | - Scott A. Walper
- Naval Research Laboratory, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Jorge L. Chávez
- Air Force Research Laboratory, 711th Human Performance Wing, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, Ohio 45433, United States
| | - Matthew W. Lux
- U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Chemical Biological Center, 8198 Blackhawk Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21010, United States
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12
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Yang M, Jia SH, Tao HL, Zhu C, Jia WZ, Hu LH, Gao CH. Cd(II)-binding transcriptional regulator interacts with isoniazid and regulates drug susceptibility in mycobacteria. J Biochem 2021; 169:43-53. [PMID: 32706888 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvaa086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
It is urgent to understand the regulatory mechanism of drug resistance in widespread bacterial pathogens. In Mycobacterium tuberculosis, several transcriptional regulators have been found to play essential roles in regulating its drug resistance. In this study, we found that an ArsR family transcription regulator encoded by Rv2642 (CdiR) responds to isoniazid (INH), a widely used anti-tuberculosis (TB) drug. CdiR negatively regulates self and adjacent genes, including arsC (arsenic-transport integral membrane protein ArsC). CdiR directly interacts with INH and Cd(II). The binding of INH and Cd(II) both reduce its DNA-binding activity. Disrupting cdiR increased the drug susceptibility to INH, whereas overexpressing cdiR decreased the susceptibility. Strikingly, overexpressing arsC increased the drug susceptibility as well as cdiR. Additionally, both changes in cdiR and arsC expression caused sensitivity to other drugs such as rifamycin and ethambutol, where the minimal inhibitory concentrations in the cdiR deletion strain were equal to those of the arsC-overexpressing strain, suggesting that the function of CdiR in regulating drug resistance primarily depends on arsC. Furthermore, we found that Cd(II) enhances bacterial resistance to INH in a CdiR-dependent manner. As a conclusion, CdiR has a critical role in directing the interplay between Cd(II) metal ions and drug susceptibility in mycobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shi-Hua Jia
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hui-Ling Tao
- International Agricultural Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650224, China
| | - Chen Zhu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wan-Zhong Jia
- The State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Li-Hua Hu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chun-Hui Gao
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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13
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Spatiotemporal Regulation of Vibrio Exotoxins by HlyU and Other Transcriptional Regulators. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12090544. [PMID: 32842612 PMCID: PMC7551375 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12090544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
After invading a host, bacterial pathogens secrete diverse protein toxins to disrupt host defense systems. To ensure successful infection, however, pathogens must precisely regulate the expression of those exotoxins because uncontrolled toxin production squanders energy. Furthermore, inappropriate toxin secretion can trigger host immune responses that are detrimental to the invading pathogens. Therefore, bacterial pathogens use diverse transcriptional regulators to accurately regulate multiple exotoxin genes based on spatiotemporal conditions. This review covers three major exotoxins in pathogenic Vibrio species and their transcriptional regulation systems. When Vibrio encounters a host, genes encoding cytolysin/hemolysin, multifunctional-autoprocessing repeats-in-toxin (MARTX) toxin, and secreted phospholipases are coordinately regulated by the transcriptional regulator HlyU. At the same time, however, they are distinctly controlled by a variety of other transcriptional regulators. How this coordinated but distinct regulation of exotoxins makes Vibrio species successful pathogens? In addition, anti-virulence strategies that target the coordinating master regulator HlyU and related future research directions are discussed.
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14
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Soleja N, Manzoor O, Khan P, Mohsin M. Engineering genetically encoded FRET-based nanosensors for real time display of arsenic (As 3+) dynamics in living cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11240. [PMID: 31375744 PMCID: PMC6677752 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47682-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Arsenic poisoning has been a major concern that causes severe toxicological damages. Therefore, intricate and inclusive understanding of arsenic flux rates is required to ascertain the cellular concentration and establish the carcinogenetic mechanism of this toxicant at real time. The lack of sufficiently sensitive sensing systems has hampered research in this area. In this study, we constructed a fluorescent resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based nanosensor, named SenALiB (Sensor for Arsenic Linked Blackfoot disease) which contains a metalloregulatory arsenic-binding protein (ArsR) as the As3+ sensing element inserted between the FRET pair enhanced cyan fluorescent protein (ECFP) and Venus. SenALiB takes advantage of the ratiometic FRET readout which measures arsenic with high specificity and selectivity. SenALiB offers rapid detection response, is stable to pH changes and provides highly accurate, real-time optical readout in cell-based assays. SenALiB-676n with a binding constant (Kd) of 0.676 × 10−6 M is the most efficient affinity mutant and can be a versatile tool for dynamic measurement of arsenic concentration in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes in vivo in a non-invasive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Soleja
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Ovais Manzoor
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Parvez Khan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Science, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Mohd Mohsin
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India.
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15
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Negative regulation of bleomycins biosynthesis by ArsR/SmtB family repressor BlmR in Streptomyces verticillus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:6629-6644. [PMID: 31187208 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09923-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bleomycin, a broad-spectrum antibiotic, has been widely used for various tumor treatments. However, its poor fermentation yield is not satisfactory for industrial production. Here, the ArsR/SmtB family regulator BlmR was characterized as a repressor of bleomycin production. As an autoregulator, BlmR was found to bind to a 12-2-12 imperfect palindrome sequence in its own promoter, and deletion of blmR led to a 34% increase of bleomycin B2 production compared with the wild-type strain. Using reverse transcription and quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), blmT, which encoded a putative transporter, was identified as the target gene regulated by BlmR. Therefore, high-production strain was constructed by blmT overexpression in a blmR deletion strain, and the bleomycin B2 titer reached to 80 mg/L, which was 1.9-fold higher than the wild-type strain. Moreover, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) showed neither metal-binding motifs nor redox switches in BlmR. In order to elucidate the regulatory mechanism, a model of BlmR was constructed by homology modeling and protein-protein docking. The BlmR-DNA complex was generated by protein-DNA docking with the assistance of site-directed mutagenesis and molecular dynamic (MD) simulation, which directly revealed several key amino acid residues needed for the maintenance and stabilization of the interface between BlmR and target DNA. The interface information could provide the configuration reference and seek the potential effectors that could interact with BlmR, thereby extending the regulation role of ArsR/SmtB family members on the improvement of antibiotic production.
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16
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Yang C, Hao R, Lan YF, Chen YJ, Wang C, Bu N, Wang QQ, Hussain L, Ma LY, Maimaitiyiming Y, Lu XY, Naranmandura H. Integrity of zinc finger motifs in PML protein is necessary for inducing its degradation by antimony. Metallomics 2019; 11:1419-1429. [DOI: 10.1039/c9mt00102f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The presence of zinc ions in a zinc finger motif of a PML protein is a fundamental requirement for the protein's degradation by antimony.
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17
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Roy R, Samanta S, Patra S, Mahato NK, Saha RP. In silico identification and characterization of sensory motifs in the transcriptional regulators of the ArsR-SmtB family. Metallomics 2018; 10:1476-1500. [PMID: 30191942 DOI: 10.1039/c8mt00082d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The ArsR-SmtB family of proteins displays the greatest diversity among the bacterial metal-binding transcriptional regulators with regard to the variety of metal ions that they can sense. In the presence of increased levels of toxic heavy metals, these proteins dissociate from their cognate DNA upon the direct binding of metal ions to the appropriate sites, designated motifs on the proteins, either at the interface of the dimers or at the intra-subunit locations. In addition to the metal-mediated regulation, some proteins were also found to control transcription via redox reactions. In the present work, we have identified several new sequence motifs and expanded the knowledge base of metal binding sites in the ArsR-SmtB family of transcriptional repressors, and characterized them in terms of the ligands to the metal, distribution among different phyla of bacteria and archaea, amino acid propensities, protein length distributions and evolutionary interrelationships. We built structural models of the motifs to show the importance of specific residues in an individual motif. The wide abundance of these motifs in sequences of bacteria and archaea indicates the importance of these regulators in combating metal-toxicity within and outside of the hosts. We also show that by using residue composition, one can distinguish the ArsR-SmtB proteins from other metalloregulatory families. In addition, we show the importance of horizontal gene transfer in microorganisms, residing in similar habitats, on the evolution of the structural motifs in the family. Knowledge of the diverse metalloregulatory systems in microorganisms could enable us to manipulate specific genes that may result in a toxic metal-free environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Adamas University, Kolkata 700 126, India.
| | - Saikat Samanta
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Adamas University, Kolkata 700 126, India.
| | - Surajit Patra
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Adamas University, Kolkata 700 126, India.
| | - Nav Kumar Mahato
- Department of Mathematics, School of Science, Adamas University, Kolkata 700 126, India
| | - Rudra P Saha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Adamas University, Kolkata 700 126, India.
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18
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Hussain A, Das Sarma S, Babu S, Pal D, Das Sarma J. Interaction of arsenic with gap junction protein connexin 43 alters gap junctional intercellular communication. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2018; 1865:1423-1436. [PMID: 30031898 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to Arsenic pollution in ground water is one of the largest environmental health disasters in the world. The toxicity of trivalent Arsenicals primarily happens due to its interaction with sulfhydryl groups in proteins. Arsenic binding to the protein can change the conformation of the protein and alter its interactions with other proteins leading to tissue damage. Therefore, much importance has been given to the studies of Arsenic bound proteins, for the purpose of understanding the origins of toxicity and to explore therapeutics. Here we study the dynamic effect of Arsenic on Connexin 43 (Cx43), a protein that forms the gap junctions, whose alteration deeply perturbs the cell-to-cell communication vital for maintaining tissue homeostasis. In silico molecular modelling and in vitro studies comparing Arsenic treated and untreated conditions show distinct results. Gap junction communication is severely disrupted by Arsenic due to reduced availability of unaltered Cx43 in the membrane bound form. In silico and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry studies revealed the interaction of Arsenic to the Cx43 preferably occurs through surface exposed cysteines, thereby capping the thiol groups that form disulfide bonds in the tertiary structure. This leads to disruption of Cx43 oligomerization, and altered Cx43 is incompetent for transportation to the membrane surface, often forming aggregates primarily localizing in the endoplasmic reticulum. Loss of functional Cx43 on the cell surface have a deleterious effect on cellular homeostasis leading to selective vulnerability to cell death and tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afaq Hussain
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education & Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Subhajit Das Sarma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education & Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Swathy Babu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education & Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Debnath Pal
- Department of Computational and Data Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Jayasri Das Sarma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education & Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India.
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19
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Szekeres LI, Gyurcsik B, Kiss T, Kele Z, Jancsó A. Interaction of Arsenous Acid with the Dithiol-Type Chelator British Anti-Lewisite (BAL): Structure and Stability of Species Formed in an Unexpectedly Complex System. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:7191-7200. [PMID: 29856616 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b00894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
British anti-Lewisite (2,3-dimerkaptopropan-1-ol, dimercaprol, BAL) is one of the best-known chelator-type therapeutic agents against toxic metal ions and metalloids, especially arsenicals. Surprisingly, the mechanisms of action at the molecular level, as well as the coordination features of this traditional drug toward various arsenicals, are still poorly revealed. The present study on the interaction of arsenous acid (H3AsO3) with BAL, involving UV and NMR titrations, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and 2D NMR experiments combined with MP2 calculations, demonstrates that the reaction of H3AsO3 with BAL at pH = 7.0 results in a more complex speciation than was assumed before. The three reactive hydroxyl groups of H3AsO3 allow for interaction with three thiol moieties via condensation reaction, leading to the observed AsBAL2 and As2BAL3 complexes besides the AsBAL species. This indicates the strong propensity of inorganic As(III) to saturate its coordination sphere with thiolate groups. The alcoholic hydroxyl group of the ligand may also directly bind to As(III) in AsBAL. Compared to dithiothreitol or dithioeritritol, the preference of BAL to form complexes with such a tridentate binding mode is much lower owing to the more strained bridged bicyclic structure with an αAsSC < 90° bond angle and an unfavorable condensed boat-type six-membered ring. On the basis of the NMR data, the predominating, bidentately bound AsBAL species, including a five-membered chelate ring, exists in rapidly interconverting envelope forms of E and Z stereoisomers. The conditional stability constants calculated for the three macrospecies from a series of UV data [log βpH=7.0 = 6.95 (AsBAL), 11.56 (AsBAL2), and 22.73 (As2BAL3)] reflect that BAL is still the most efficient, known, dithiol-type chelator of H3AsO3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levente I Szekeres
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry , University of Szeged , Dóm tér 7 , Szeged H-6720 , Hungary
| | - Béla Gyurcsik
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry , University of Szeged , Dóm tér 7 , Szeged H-6720 , Hungary
| | - Tamás Kiss
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry , University of Szeged , Dóm tér 7 , Szeged H-6720 , Hungary
| | - Zoltán Kele
- Department of Medical Chemistry , University of Szeged , Dóm tér 8 , Szeged H-6720 , Hungary
| | - Attila Jancsó
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry , University of Szeged , Dóm tér 7 , Szeged H-6720 , Hungary
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20
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Characterization of recombinant E. coli expressing arsR from Rhodopseudomonas palustris CGA009 that displays highly selective arsenic adsorption. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:6247-6255. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9080-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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21
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Chen J, Nadar VS, Rosen BP. A novel MAs(III)-selective ArsR transcriptional repressor. Mol Microbiol 2017; 106:469-478. [PMID: 28861914 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Microbial expression of genes for resistance to heavy metals and metalloids is usually transcriptionally regulated by the toxic ions themselves. Arsenic is a ubiquitous, naturally occurring toxic metalloid widely distributed in soil and groundwater. Microbes biotransform both arsenate (As(V)) and arsenite (As(III)) into more toxic methylated metabolites methylarsenite (MAs(III)) and dimethylarsenite (DMAs(III)). Environmental arsenic is sensed by members of the ArsR/SmtB family. The arsR gene is autoregulated and is typically part of an operon that contains other ars genes involved in arsenic detoxification. To date every identified ArsR is regulated by inorganic As(III). Here we described a novel ArsR from Shewanella putrefaciens selective for MAs(III). SpArsR orthologs control expression of two MAs(III) resistance genes, arsP that encodes the ArsP MAs(III) efflux permease, and arsH encoding the ArsH MAs(III) oxidase. SpArsR has two conserved cysteine residues, Cys101 and Cys102. Mutation of either resulted in loss of MAs(III) binding, indicating that they form an MAs(III) binding site. SpArsR can be converted into an As(III)-responsive repressor by introduction of an additional cysteine that allows for three-coordinate As(III) binding. Our results indicate that SpArsR evolved selectivity for MAs(III) over As(III) in order to control expression of genes for MAs(III) detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Venkadesh Sarkarai Nadar
- Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Barry P Rosen
- Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
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22
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Turner K, Joel S, Feliciano J, Feltus A, Pasini P, Wynn D, Dau P, Dikici E, Deo SK, Daunert S. Transcriptional regulatory proteins as biosensing tools. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:6820-6823. [PMID: 28492634 PMCID: PMC6648647 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc09512g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have developed sensing systems employing different classes of transcriptional regulatory proteins genetically and chemically modified to incorporate a fluorescent reporter molecule for detection of arsenic, hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls (OH-PCBs), and cyclic AMP (cAMP). These are the first examples of optical sensing systems based on transcriptional regulatory proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendrick Turner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
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23
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Berset Y, Merulla D, Joublin A, Hatzimanikatis V, van der Meer JR. Mechanistic Modeling of Genetic Circuits for ArsR Arsenic Regulation. ACS Synth Biol 2017; 6:862-874. [PMID: 28215088 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.6b00364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Bioreporters are living cells that generate an easily measurable signal in the presence of a chemical compound. They acquire their functionality from synthetic gene circuits, the configuration of which defines the response signal and signal-to-noise ratio. Bioreporters based on the Escherichia coli ArsR system have raised significant interest for quantifying arsenic pollution, but they need to be carefully optimized to accurately work in the required low concentration range (1-10 μg arsenite L-1). To better understand the general functioning of ArsR-based genetic circuits, we developed a comprehensive mechanistic model that was empirically tested and validated in E. coli carrying different circuit configurations. The model accounts for the different elements in the circuits (proteins, DNA, chemical species), and their detailed affinities and interactions, and predicts the (fluorescent) output from the bioreporter cell as a function of arsenite concentration. The model was parametrized using existing ArsR biochemical data, and then complemented by parameter estimations from the accompanying experimental data using a scatter search algorithm. Model predictions and experimental data were largely coherent for feedback and uncoupled circuit configurations, different ArsR alleles, promoter strengths, and presence or absence of arsenic efflux in the bioreporters. Interestingly, the model predicted a particular useful circuit variant having steeper response at low arsenite concentrations, which was experimentally confirmed and may be useful as arsenic bioreporter in the field. From the extensive validation we expect the mechanistic model to further be a useful framework for detailed modeling of other synthetic circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Berset
- Department
of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Laboratory
of Computational Systems Biotechnology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausane (EPFL), CH 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Davide Merulla
- Department
of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aurélie Joublin
- Department
of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vassily Hatzimanikatis
- Laboratory
of Computational Systems Biotechnology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausane (EPFL), CH 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jan R. van der Meer
- Department
of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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24
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Saha RP, Samanta S, Patra S, Sarkar D, Saha A, Singh MK. Metal homeostasis in bacteria: the role of ArsR-SmtB family of transcriptional repressors in combating varying metal concentrations in the environment. Biometals 2017; 30:459-503. [PMID: 28512703 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-017-0020-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial infections cause severe medical problems worldwide, resulting in considerable death and loss of capital. With the ever-increasing rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and the lack of development of new antibiotics, research on metal-based antimicrobial therapy has now gained pace. Metal ions are essential for survival, but can be highly toxic to organisms if their concentrations are not strictly controlled. Through evolution, bacteria have acquired complex metal-management systems that allow them to acquire metals that they need for survival in different challenging environments while evading metal toxicity. Metalloproteins that controls these elaborate systems in the cell, and linked to key virulence factors, are promising targets for the anti-bacterial drug development. Among several metal-sensory transcriptional regulators, the ArsR-SmtB family displays greatest diversity with several distinct metal-binding and nonmetal-binding motifs that have been characterized. These prokaryotic metolloregulatory transcriptional repressors represses the expression of operons linked to stress-inducing concentrations of metal ions by directly binding to the regulatory regions of DNA, while derepression results from direct binding of metal ions by these homodimeric proteins. Many bacteria, e.g., Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Bacillus anthracis, etc., have evolved to acquire multiple metal-sensory motifs which clearly demonstrate the importance of regulating concentrations of multiple metal ions. Here, we discussed the mechanisms of how ArsR-SmtB family regulates the intracellular bioavailability of metal ions both inside and outside of the host. Knowledge of the metal-challenges faced by bacterial pathogens and their survival strategies will enable us to develop the next generation drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudra P Saha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Adamas University, Kolkata, 700126, India.
| | - Saikat Samanta
- Department of Microbiology, School of Science, Adamas University, Kolkata, 700126, India
| | - Surajit Patra
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Adamas University, Kolkata, 700126, India
| | - Diganta Sarkar
- Department of Biotechnology, Techno India University, Kolkata, 700091, India
| | - Abinit Saha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Adamas University, Kolkata, 700126, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Adamas University, Kolkata, 700126, India
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Metallochaperones and metalloregulation in bacteria. Essays Biochem 2017; 61:177-200. [PMID: 28487396 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20160076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial transition metal homoeostasis or simply 'metallostasis' describes the process by which cells control the intracellular availability of functionally required metal cofactors, from manganese (Mn) to zinc (Zn), avoiding both metal deprivation and toxicity. Metallostasis is an emerging aspect of the vertebrate host-pathogen interface that is defined by a 'tug-of-war' for biologically essential metals and provides the motivation for much recent work in this area. The host employs a number of strategies to starve the microbial pathogen of essential metals, while for others attempts to limit bacterial infections by leveraging highly competitive metals. Bacteria must be capable of adapting to these efforts to remodel the transition metal landscape and employ highly specialized metal sensing transcriptional regulators, termed metalloregulatory proteins,and metallochaperones, that allocate metals to specific destinations, to mediate this adaptive response. In this essay, we discuss recent progress in our understanding of the structural mechanisms and metal specificity of this adaptive response, focusing on energy-requiring metallochaperones that play roles in the metallocofactor active site assembly in metalloenzymes and metallosensors, which govern the systems-level response to metal limitation and intoxication.
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Zhang T, Lu H, Li W, Hu R, Chen Z. Identification of Arsenic Direct-Binding Proteins in Acute Promyelocytic Leukaemia Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:26871-9. [PMID: 26569224 PMCID: PMC4661853 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161125994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of arsenic direct-binding proteins is essential for determining the mechanism by which arsenic trioxide achieves its chemotherapeutic effects. At least two cysteines close together in the amino acid sequence are crucial to the binding of arsenic and essential to the identification of arsenic-binding proteins. In the present study, arsenic binding proteins were pulled down with streptavidin and identified using a liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer (LC-MS/MS). More than 40 arsenic-binding proteins were separated, and redox-related proteins, glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1), heat shock 70 kDa protein 9 (HSPA9) and pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), were further studied using binding assays in vitro. Notably, PKM2 has a high affinity for arsenic. In contrast to PKM2, GSTP1and HSPA9 did not combine with arsenic directly in vitro. These observations suggest that arsenic-mediated acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) suppressive effects involve PKM2. In summary, we identified several arsenic binding proteins in APL cells and investigated the therapeutic mechanisms of arsenic trioxide for APL. Further investigation into specific signal pathways by which PKM2 mediates APL developments may lead to a better understanding of arsenic effects on APL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Central Urumqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Haojie Lu
- Shanghai Cancer Center and Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research Ministry of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Weijun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Ronggui Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China.
- Cancer Research Center, SIBS-Xuhui Central Hospital, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Zi Chen
- Department of Hematology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
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Liu D, Wu D, Zhao L, Yang Y, Ding J, Dong L, Hu L, Wang F, Zhao X, Cai Y, Jin J. Arsenic Trioxide Reduces Global Histone H4 Acetylation at Lysine 16 through Direct Binding to Histone Acetyltransferase hMOF in Human Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141014. [PMID: 26473953 PMCID: PMC4608833 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone post-translational modification heritably regulates gene expression involved in most cellular biological processes. Experimental studies suggest that alteration of histone modifications affects gene expression by changing chromatin structure, causing various cellular responses to environmental influences. Arsenic (As), a naturally occurring element and environmental pollutant, is an established human carcinogen. Recently, increasing evidence suggests that As-mediated epigenetic mechanisms may be involved in its toxicity and carcinogenicity, but how this occurs is still unclear. Here we present evidence that suggests As-induced global histone H4K16 acetylation (H4K16ac) partly due to the direct physical interaction between As and histone acetyltransferase (HAT) hMOF (human male absent on first) protein, leading to the loss of hMOF HAT activity. Our data show that decreased global H4K16ac and increased deacetyltransferase HDAC4 expression occurred in arsenic trioxide (As2O3)-exposed HeLa or HEK293T cells. However, depletion of HDAC4 did not affect global H4K16ac, and it could not raise H4K16ac in cells exposed to As2O3, suggesting that HDAC4 might not directly be involved in histone H4K16 de-acetylation. Using As-immobilized agarose, we confirmed that As binds directly to hMOF, and that this interaction was competitively inhibited by free As2O3. Also, the direct interaction of As and C2CH zinc finger peptide was verified by MAIDI-TOF mass and UV absorption. In an in vitro HAT assay, As2O3 directly inhibited hMOF activity. hMOF over-expression not only increased resistance to As and caused less toxicity, but also effectively reversed reduced H4K16ac caused by As exposure. These data suggest a theoretical basis for elucidating the mechanism of As toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
- School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Donglu Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Linhong Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Jian Ding
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Liguo Dong
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Lianghai Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
- Research Center for Drug Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Yong Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin 130012, China
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, the Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin 130012, China
- * E-mail: (YC); (JJ)
| | - Jingji Jin
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin 130012, China
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, the Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin 130012, China
- * E-mail: (YC); (JJ)
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Abstract
This chapter focuses on transition metals. All transition metal cations are toxic-those that are essential for Escherichia coli and belong to the first transition period of the periodic system of the element and also the "toxic-only" metals with higher atomic numbers. Common themes are visible in the metabolism of these ions. First, there is transport. High-rate but low-affinity uptake systems provide a variety of cations and anions to the cells. Control of the respective systems seems to be mainly through regulation of transport activity (flux control), with control of gene expression playing only a minor role. If these systems do not provide sufficient amounts of a needed ion to the cell, genes for ATP-hydrolyzing high-affinity but low-rate uptake systems are induced, e.g., ABC transport systems or P-type ATPases. On the other hand, if the amount of an ion is in surplus, genes for efflux systems are induced. By combining different kinds of uptake and efflux systems with regulation at the levels of gene expression and transport activity, the concentration of a single ion in the cytoplasm and the composition of the cellular ion "bouquet" can be rapidly adjusted and carefully controlled. The toxicity threshold of an ion is defined by its ability to produce radicals (copper, iron, chromate), to bind to sulfide and thiol groups (copper, zinc, all cations of the second and third transition period), or to interfere with the metabolism of other ions. Iron poses an exceptional metabolic problem due its metabolic importance and the low solubility of Fe(III) compounds, combined with the ability to cause dangerous Fenton reactions. This dilemma for the cells led to the evolution of sophisticated multi-channel iron uptake and storage pathways to prevent the occurrence of unbound iron in the cytoplasm. Toxic metals like Cd2+ bind to thiols and sulfide, preventing assembly of iron complexes and releasing the metal from iron-sulfur clusters. In the unique case of mercury, the cation can be reduced to the volatile metallic form. Interference of nickel and cobalt with iron is prevented by the low abundance of these metals in the cytoplasm and their sequestration by metal chaperones, in the case of nickel, or by B12 and its derivatives, in the case of cobalt. The most dangerous metal, copper, catalyzes Fenton-like reactions, binds to thiol groups, and interferes with iron metabolism. E. coli solves this problem probably by preventing copper uptake, combined with rapid efflux if the metal happens to enter the cytoplasm.
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Yu X, Zheng W, Bhat S, Aquilina JA, Zhang R. Transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of Bacillus sp. CDB3 arsenic-resistance operon ars1. PeerJ 2015; 3:e1230. [PMID: 26355338 PMCID: PMC4562236 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacillus sp. CDB3 possesses a novel eight-gene ars cluster (ars1, arsRYCDATorf7orf8) with some unusual features in regard to expression regulation. This study demonstrated that the cluster is a single operon but can also produce a short three-gene arsRYC transcript. A hairpin structure formed by internal inverted repeats between arsC and arsD was shown to diminish the expression of the full operon, thereby probably acting as a transcription attenuator. A degradation product of the arsRYC transcript was also identified. Electrophoretic mobility shift analysis demonstrated that ArsR interacts with the ars1 promoter forming a protein-DNA complex that could be impaired by arsenite. However, no interaction was detected between ArsD and the ars1 promoter, suggesting that the CDB3 ArsD protein may not play a regulatory role. Compared to other ars gene clusters, regulation of the Bacillus sp. CDB3 ars1 operon is more complex. It represents another example of specific mRNA degradation in the transporter gene region and possibly the first case of attenuator-mediated regulation of ars operons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefei Yu
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong , Wollongong, NSW , Australia
| | - Wei Zheng
- Current affiliation: Research Center on Life Sciences and Environmental Sciences, Harbin University of Commerce , Harbin , China
| | - Somanath Bhat
- Current affiliation: National Measurement Institute of Australia , Lindfield, NSW , Australia
| | - J Andrew Aquilina
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong , Wollongong, NSW , Australia
| | - Ren Zhang
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong , Wollongong, NSW , Australia
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30
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Mocny CS, Pecoraro VL. De novo protein design as a methodology for synthetic bioinorganic chemistry. Acc Chem Res 2015; 48:2388-96. [PMID: 26237119 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.5b00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The major advances in molecular and structural biology and automated peptide and DNA synthesis of the 1970s and 1980s generated fertile conditions in the 1990s for the exploration of designed proteins as a new approach for inorganic chemists to generate biomolecular mimics of metalloproteins. This Account follows the development of the TRI peptide family of three-stranded coiled coils (3SCC) and α3D family of three-helix bundles (3HB) as scaffolds for the preparation of metal binding sites within de novo designed constructs. The 3SCC were developed using the concept of a heptad repeat (abcdefg) putting hydrophobes in the a and d positions. The TRI peptides contain four heptads with capping glycines. Via substitution of leucine hydrophobes, metal ligands can be introduced into the a or d sites in order to bind metals. First, the ability to use cysteine-substituted 3SCC aggregates to impose higher or lower coordination numbers on Hg(II) and Cd(II) or matching the coordination preferences of As(III) and Pb(II) is discussed. Then, methods to develop dual site peptides capable of discriminating metals based on their type (e.g., Cd(II) vs Pb(II)), their preference for a vs d sites, and then their coordination number is described. Once these principles of metal site differentiation are described, we shift to building dual site peptides using both cysteine and histidine metal binding sites. This approach provides a construct with both a Hg(II) structural and a Zn(II) hydrolytic center, the latter of which is capable of hydrating CO2. With these Zn(II) proteins, we consider the relative importance of the location of the catalytic center along the primary sequence of the peptide and show that only minor perturbations in catalytic efficiencies are observed based on metal location. We then assess the feasibility of preparing enzymes competent to reduce nitrite with copper centers in a histidine-rich environment. As part of this discussion, we examine the influence of surface residues on catalyst reduction potentials and catalytic efficiencies. We end describing approaches to prepare asymmetric proteins that can incorporate acid-base catalysts or water channels. In this respect, we highlight modifications of a helix-turn-helix-turn-helix motif called α3D and show how this 3HB can be modified to bind heavy metals or to make Zn(II) centers, which are active hydrolytic catalysts. A comparison is made to the comparable parallel 3SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine S. Mocny
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Vincent L. Pecoraro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
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Fernandez-López R, Ruiz R, de la Cruz F, Moncalián G. Transcription factor-based biosensors enlightened by the analyte. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:648. [PMID: 26191047 PMCID: PMC4486848 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Whole cell biosensors (WCBs) have multiple applications for environmental monitoring, detecting a wide range of pollutants. WCBs depend critically on the sensitivity and specificity of the transcription factor (TF) used to detect the analyte. We describe the mechanism of regulation and the structural and biochemical properties of TF families that are used, or could be used, for the development of environmental WCBs. Focusing on the chemical nature of the analyte, we review TFs that respond to aromatic compounds (XylS-AraC, XylR-NtrC, and LysR), metal ions (MerR, ArsR, DtxR, Fur, and NikR) or antibiotics (TetR and MarR). Analyzing the structural domains involved in DNA recognition, we highlight the similitudes in the DNA binding domains (DBDs) of these TF families. Opposite to DBDs, the wide range of analytes detected by TFs results in a diversity of structures at the effector binding domain. The modular architecture of TFs opens the possibility of engineering TFs with hybrid DNA and effector specificities. Yet, the lack of a crisp correlation between structural domains and specific functions makes this a challenging task.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gabriel Moncalián
- Departamento de Biología Molecular and Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria, Universidad de Cantabria – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasSantander, Spain
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Li L, Liang J, Hong W, Zhao Y, Sun S, Yang X, Xu A, Hang H, Wu L, Chen S. Evolved bacterial biosensor for arsenite detection in environmental water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:6149-6155. [PMID: 25902341 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b00832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic, a ubiquitous presence in the biosphere, often occurs from both natural and anthropogenic sources. Bacterial biosensors based on genetically engineered bacteria have promising applications in detecting the chemical compound and its toxicity. However, most of the bacteria biosensors take advantage of the existing wild-type substrate-induced promoters, which are often low in specificity, affinity and sensitivity, and thus limiting their applications in commercial or field use. In this study, we developed an in vivo evolution procedure with a bidirectional selection scheme for improving the sensitivity of an arsenite-responsive bacterial biosensor through optimization of the inducible operon. As a proof of concept, we evolved the arsenite-induced arsR operon for both low background and high expression through three successive rounds of fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) with bidirectional strategy. An arsR operon variant with 12-fold higher activity over the control was isolated, confirming multiple rounds of construction and screening of mutation library, as described here, can be efficiently applied to bacterial biosensor optimization. The evolved arsenite-responsive biosensor demonstrated an excellent performance in the detection of low trace arsenite in environmental water. These results indicate that the technologies of directed evolution could be used to improve the performance of bacterial biosensors, which will be helpful in promoting the practical application of bacterial biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luzhi Li
- †Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Anhui Province, Hefei 230031, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- ‡School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Junting Liang
- †Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Anhui Province, Hefei 230031, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- ‡School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Hong
- †Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Anhui Province, Hefei 230031, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Zhao
- §Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shuang Sun
- §Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- §Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - An Xu
- †Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Anhui Province, Hefei 230031, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- ‡School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiying Hang
- §Key Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lijun Wu
- †Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Anhui Province, Hefei 230031, Anhui, People's Republic of China
- ‡School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaopeng Chen
- †Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Anhui Province, Hefei 230031, Anhui, People's Republic of China
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Ajees AA, Rosen BP. As(III) S-adenosylmethionine methyltransferases and other arsenic binding proteins. GEOMICROBIOLOGY JOURNAL 2015; 32:570-576. [PMID: 26366023 PMCID: PMC4564252 DOI: 10.1080/01490451.2014.908983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Efflux is by far the most common means of arsenic detoxification is by methylation catalyzed by a family of As(III) S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) methyltransferases (MTs) enzymes designated ArsM in microbes or AS3MT in higher eukaryotes. The protein sequence of more than 5000 AS3MT/ArsM orthologues have been deposited in the NCBI database, mostly in prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbes. As(III) SAM MTs are members of a large superfamily of MTs involved in numerous physiological functions. ArsMs detoxify arsenic by conversion of inorganic trivalent arsenic (As(III)) into mono-, di- and trimethylated species that may be more toxic and carcinogenic than inorganic arsenic. The pathway of methylation remains controversial. Several hypotheses will be examined in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Abdul Ajees
- Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, LG-01, Academic Block -5, MIT Campus, Manipal University, Manipal – 576 104, Karnataka, India, Phone: +91-0820-2925072
| | - Barry P. Rosen
- Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA 33199, 305-348-0657
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Ma Z, Chandrangsu P, Helmann TC, Romsang A, Gaballa A, Helmann JD. Bacillithiol is a major buffer of the labile zinc pool in Bacillus subtilis. Mol Microbiol 2014; 94:756-70. [PMID: 25213752 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.12794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular zinc levels are tightly regulated since zinc is an essential cofactor for numerous enzymes, yet can be toxic when present in excess. The majority of intracellular zinc is tightly associated with proteins and is incorporated during synthesis from a poorly defined pool of kinetically labile zinc. In Bacillus subtilis, this labile pool is sensed by equilibration with the metalloregulator Zur, as an indication of zinc sufficiency, and by CzrA, as an indication of zinc excess. Here, we demonstrate that the low-molecular-weight thiol bacillithiol (BSH) serves as a major buffer of the labile zinc pool. Upon shift to conditions of zinc excess, cells transiently accumulate zinc in a low-molecular-weight pool, and this accumulation is largely dependent on BSH. Cells lacking BSH are more sensitive to zinc stress, and they induce zinc efflux at lower external zinc concentrations. Thiol reactive agents such as diamide and cadmium induce zinc efflux by interfering with the Zn-buffering function of BSH. Our data provide new insights into intracellular zinc buffering and may have broad relevance given the presence of BSH in pathogens and the proposed role of zinc sequestration in innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Ma
- Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA; Dupont Corporation, Wilmington, DE, USA
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35
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An ArsR/SmtB family member is involved in the regulation by arsenic of the arsenite oxidase operon in Thiomonas arsenitoxydans. Appl Environ Microbiol 2014; 80:6413-26. [PMID: 25107975 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01771-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic organization of the aioBA operon, encoding the arsenite oxidase of the moderately acidophilic and facultative chemoautotrophic bacterium Thiomonas arsenitoxydans, is different from that of the aioBA operon in the other arsenite oxidizers, in that it encodes AioF, a metalloprotein belonging to the ArsR/SmtB family. AioF is stabilized by arsenite, arsenate, or antimonite but not molybdate. Arsenic is tightly attached to AioF, likely by cysteine residues. When loaded with arsenite or arsenate, AioF is able to bind specifically to the regulatory region of the aio operon at two distinct positions. In Thiomonas arsenitoxydans, the promoters of aioX and aioB are convergent, suggesting that transcriptional interference occurs. These results indicate that the regulation of the aioBA operon is more complex in Thiomonas arsenitoxydans than in the other aioBA containing arsenite oxidizers and that the arsenic binding protein AioF is involved in this regulation. On the basis of these data, a model to explain the tight control of aioBA expression by arsenic in Thiomonas arsenitoxydans is proposed.
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36
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Jesu Jaya Sudan R, Sudandiradoss C. In silico analysis of metal coordination geometry in arsenic, beryllium, and lead bound structures. J COORD CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2014.931945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Jesu Jaya Sudan
- Bioinformatics Division, School of Bioscience and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India
| | - C. Sudandiradoss
- Bioinformatics Division, School of Bioscience and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India
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37
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Nichol JN, Garnier N, Miller WH. Triple A therapy: the molecular underpinnings of the unique sensitivity of leukemic promyelocytes to anthracyclines, all-trans-retinoic acid and arsenic trioxide. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2014; 27:19-31. [PMID: 24907014 DOI: 10.1016/j.beha.2014.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
If looking for a mnemonic to remember the relevant facts about acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), one just has to remember that APL is a disease of A's. It is acute and it is highly sensitive to treatment with anthracyclines, all-trans-retinoic acid (RA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO). The presence of fusions involving the retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARA) is without question the central player driving APL and dictating the response of this disease to these therapeutic agents. However, beyond this knowledge, the molecular mechanisms that contribute to the complicated pathogenesis and the response to treatment of APL are not completely defined. As more is understood about this hematological malignancy, there are more opportunities to refine and improve treatment based on this knowledge. In this review article, we discuss the response of APL to these "A" therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica N Nichol
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Oncology, Segal Cancer Comprehensive Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B Davis Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Nicolas Garnier
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Oncology, Segal Cancer Comprehensive Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B Davis Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Wilson H Miller
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Oncology, Segal Cancer Comprehensive Centre, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B Davis Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec H3T 1E2, Canada.
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38
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Yu F, Cangelosi VM, Zastrow ML, Tegoni M, Plegaria JS, Tebo AG, Mocny CS, Ruckthong L, Qayyum H, Pecoraro VL. Protein design: toward functional metalloenzymes. Chem Rev 2014; 114:3495-578. [PMID: 24661096 PMCID: PMC4300145 DOI: 10.1021/cr400458x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 340] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fangting Yu
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Alison G. Tebo
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | | | - Leela Ruckthong
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Hira Qayyum
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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Chudobova D, Dostalova S, Blazkova I, Michalek P, Ruttkay-Nedecky B, Sklenar M, Nejdl L, Kudr J, Gumulec J, Tmejova K, Konecna M, Vaculovicova M, Hynek D, Masarik M, Kynicky J, Kizek R, Adam V. Effect of ampicillin, streptomycin, penicillin and tetracycline on metal resistant and non-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2014; 11:3233-55. [PMID: 24651395 PMCID: PMC3987032 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph110303233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
There is an arising and concerning issue in the field of bacterial resistance, which is confirmed by the number of deaths associated with drug-resistant bacterial infections. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of antibiotics on Staphylococcus aureus non-resistant strain and strains resistant to cadmium or lead ions. Metal resistant strains were created by the gradual addition of 2 mM solution of metal ions (cadmium or lead) to the S. aureus culture. An increasing antimicrobial effect of ampicillin, streptomycin, penicillin and tetracycline (0, 10, 25, 50, 75, 150, 225 and 300 µM) on the resistant strains was observed using a method of growth curves. A significant growth inhibition (compared to control) of cadmium resistant cells was observed in the presence of all the four different antibiotics. On the other hand, the addition of streptomycin and ampicillin did not inhibit the growth of lead resistant strain. Other antibiotics were still toxic to the bacterial cells. Significant differences in the morphology of cell walls were indicated by changes in the cell shape. Our data show that the presence of metal ions in the urban environment may contribute to the development of bacterial strain resistance to other substances including antibiotics, which would have an impact on public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar Chudobova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno CZ-613 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Simona Dostalova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno CZ-613 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Iva Blazkova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno CZ-613 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Michalek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno CZ-613 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Branislav Ruttkay-Nedecky
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno CZ-613 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Matej Sklenar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno CZ-613 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Lukas Nejdl
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno CZ-613 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiri Kudr
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno CZ-613 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Jaromir Gumulec
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, Brno CZ-616 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Katerina Tmejova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno CZ-613 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Marie Konecna
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno CZ-613 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Marketa Vaculovicova
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno CZ-613 00, Czech Republic.
| | - David Hynek
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, Brno CZ-616 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Michal Masarik
- Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, Brno CZ-616 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Jindrich Kynicky
- Karel Englis College, Sujanovo nam. 356/1, Brno CZ-602 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Rene Kizek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno CZ-613 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, Brno CZ-613 00, Czech Republic.
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Chen J, Sun S, Li CZ, Zhu YG, Rosen BP. Biosensor for organoarsenical herbicides and growth promoters. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:1141-7. [PMID: 24359149 PMCID: PMC3939449 DOI: 10.1021/es4038319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The toxic metalloid arsenic is widely distributed in food, water, and soil. While inorganic arsenic enters the environment primarily from geochemical sources, methylarsenicals either result from microbial biotransformation of inorganic arsenic or are introduced anthropogenically. Methylarsenicals such as monosodium methylarsonic acid (MSMA) have been extensively utilized as herbicides, and aromatic arsenicals such as roxarsone (Rox) are used as growth promoters for poultry and swine. Organoarsenicals are degraded to inorganic arsenic. The toxicological effects of arsenicals depend on their oxidation state, chemical composition, and bioavailability. Here we report that the active forms are the trivalent arsenic-containing species. We constructed a whole-cell biosensor utilizing a modified ArsR repressor that is highly selective toward trivalent methyl and aromatic arsenicals, with essentially no response to inorganic arsenic. The biosensor was adapted for in vitro detection of organoarsenicals using fluorescence anisotropy of ArsR-DNA interactions. It detects bacterial biomethylation of inorganic arsenite both in vivo and in vitro with detection limits of 10(-7) M and linearity to 10(-6) M for phenylarsenite and 5 × 10(-6) M for methylarsenite. The biosensor detects reduced forms of MSMA and roxarsone and offers a practical, low cost method for detecting activate forms and breakdown products of organoarsenical herbicides and growth promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Chen
- Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL 33199, USA
- State Key Lab of Regional and Urban Ecology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Samio Sun
- Nanobioengineering/Nanobioelectronics Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174, USA
| | - Chen-Zhong Li
- Nanobioengineering/Nanobioelectronics Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174, USA
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- State Key Lab of Regional and Urban Ecology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Barry P. Rosen
- Department of Cellular Biology and Pharmacology, Florida International University, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, FL 33199, USA
- Correspondence: Barry P. Rosen, Herbert Wertheim Florida International University College of Medicine, 11200 SW 8th Street, HLS II 693 Miami, FL 33199 Tel: (+1) 305-348-0657, Fax: (+1) 305-348-0651,
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Identification of a novel membrane transporter mediating resistance to organic arsenic in Campylobacter jejuni. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014; 58:2021-9. [PMID: 24419344 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02137-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Although bacterial mechanisms involved in the resistance to inorganic arsenic are well understood, the molecular basis for organic arsenic resistance has not been described. Campylobacter jejuni, a major food-borne pathogen causing gastroenteritis in humans, is highly prevalent in poultry and is reportedly resistant to the arsenic compound roxarsone (4-hydroxy-3-nitrobenzenearsonic acid), which has been used as a feed additive in the poultry industry for growth promotion. In this study, we report the identification of a novel membrane transporter (named ArsP) that contributes to organic arsenic resistance in Campylobacter. ArsP is predicted to be a membrane permease containing eight transmembrane helices, distinct from other known arsenic transporters. Analysis of multiple C. jejuni isolates from various animal species revealed that the presence of an intact arsP gene is associated with elevated resistance to roxarsone. In addition, inactivation of arsP in C. jejuni resulted in 4- and 8-fold reductions in the MICs of roxarsone and nitarsone, respectively, compared to that for the wild-type strain. Furthermore, cloning of arsP into a C. jejuni strain lacking a functional arsP gene led to 16- and 64-fold increases in the MICs of roxarsone and nitarsone, respectively. Neither mutation nor overexpression of arsP affected the MICs of inorganic arsenic, including arsenite and arsenate, in Campylobacter. Moreover, acquisition of arsP in NCTC 11168 led to accumulation of less roxarsone than the wild-type strain lacking arsP. Together, these results indicate that ArsP functions as an efflux transporter specific for extrusion of organic arsenic and contributes to the resistance to these compounds in C. jejuni.
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Donahue CM, Lezama Pacheco JS, Keith JM, Daly SR. Sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy and time-dependent density functional theory of arsenic dithiocarbamates. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:9189-201. [DOI: 10.1039/c4dt00078a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengwen Shen
- Department
of Laboratory Medicine
and Pathology, 10-102 Clinical Sciences Building, University
of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2G3
| | - Xing-Fang Li
- Department
of Laboratory Medicine
and Pathology, 10-102 Clinical Sciences Building, University
of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2G3
| | - William R. Cullen
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver,
British Columbia, Canada, V6T 1Z1
| | - Michael Weinfeld
- Department of Oncology, Cross
Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 1Z2
| | - X. Chris Le
- Department
of Laboratory Medicine
and Pathology, 10-102 Clinical Sciences Building, University
of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2G3
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Yang T, Liu JW, Gu C, Chen ML, Wang JH. Expression of arsenic regulatory protein in Escherichia coli for selective accumulation of methylated arsenic species. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:2767-2772. [PMID: 23484908 DOI: 10.1021/am400578y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ArsR is a metalloregulatory protein with high selectivity and affinity toward arsenic. We hereby report the expression of ArsR in Escherichia coli by cell engineering, which significantly enhances the adsorption/accumulation capacity of methylated arsenic species. The ArsR-expressed E. coli cells (denoted as E. coli-ArsR) give rise to 5.6-fold and 3.4-fold improvements on the adsorption/accumulation capacity for monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) and dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), with respect to native E. coli cells. The uptake of MMA and DMA by the E. coli-ArsR is a fast process fitting Langmuir adsorption model. It is interesting to note that the accumulation of methylated arsenic is virtually not affected by the presence of competing heavy-metal species, at least 10 times of Cd(II) and Pb(II) are tolerated for the adsorption of 1 mg L(-1) methylated arsenic. In addition, an ionic strength of up to 2 g L(-1) Na+ poses no obvious effect on the sorption of 1 mg L(-1) MMA and DMA. Furthermore, the accumulation of MMA and DMA is less sensitive to the variation of pH value, with respect to the blank control cells. Consequently, 82.4% of MMA and 96.3% of DMA at a concentration of 50 μg L(-1) could be readily removed from aqueous medium by 12 g L(-1) of E. coli-ArsR . This illustrates a great potential for the E. coli-ArsR for selective remediation of methylated arsenic species in waters, even in the presence of a high concentration of salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Sciences, Box 332, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, People's Republic of China
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Yang HC, Fu HL, Lin YF, Rosen BP. Pathways of arsenic uptake and efflux. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2013; 69:325-58. [PMID: 23046656 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394390-3.00012-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic is the most prevalent environmental toxic substance and ranks first on the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Superfund List. Arsenic is a carcinogen and a causative agent of numerous human diseases. Paradoxically arsenic is used as a chemotherapeutic agent for treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia. Inorganic arsenic has two biological important oxidation states: As(V) (arsenate) and As(III) (arsenite). Arsenic uptake is adventitious because the arsenate and arsenite are chemically similar to required nutrients. Arsenate resembles phosphate and is a competitive inhibitor of many phosphate-utilizing enzymes. Arsenate is taken up by phosphate transport systems. In contrast, at physiological pH, the form of arsenite is As(OH)(3), which resembles organic molecules such as glycerol. Consequently, arsenite is taken into cells by aquaglyceroporin channels. Arsenic efflux systems are found in nearly every organism and evolved to rid cells of this toxic metalloid. These efflux systems include members of the multidrug resistance protein family and the bacterial exchangers Acr3 and ArsB. ArsB can also be a subunit of the ArsAB As(III)-translocating ATPase, an ATP-driven efflux pump. The ArsD metallochaperone binds cytosolic As(III) and transfers it to the ArsA subunit of the efflux pump. Knowledge of the pathways and transporters for arsenic uptake and efflux is essential for understanding its toxicity and carcinogenicity and for rational design of cancer chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Chi Yang
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Sciences, Chang-Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
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46
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Dhuldhaj UP, Yadav IC, Singh S, Sharma NK. Microbial interactions in the arsenic cycle: adoptive strategies and applications in environmental management. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2013; 224:1-38. [PMID: 23232917 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-5882-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is a nonessential element that is often present in plants and in other organisms. However, it is one of the most hazardous of toxic elements globally. In many parts of the world, arsenic contamination in groundwater is a serious and continuing threat to human health. Microbes play an important role in regulating the environmental fate of arsenic. Different microbial processes influence the biogeochemical cycling of arsenic in ways that affect the accumulation of different arsenic species in various ecosystem compartments. For example, in soil, there are bacteria that methylate arsenite to trimethylarsine gas, thereby releasing arsenic to the atmosphere.In marine ecosystems, microbes exist that can convert inorganic arsenicals to organic arsenicals (e.g., di- and tri-methylated arsenic derivatives, arsenocholine,arsenobetaine, arsenosugars, arsenolipids). The organo arsenicals are further metabolized to complete the arsenic cycle.Microbes have developed various strategies that enable them to tolerate arsenic and to survive in arsenic-rich environments. Such strategies include As exclusion from cells by establishing permeability barrier, intra- and extracellular sequestration,active efflux pumps, enzymatic reduction, and reduction in the sensitivity of cellular targets. These strategies are used either singly or in combination. In bacteria,the genes for arsenic resistance/detoxification are encoded by the arsenic resistance operons (ars operon).In this review, we have addressed and emphasized the impact of different microbial processes (e.g., arsenite oxidation, cytoplasmic arsenate reduction, respiratory arsenate reduction, arsenite methylation) on the arsenic cycle. Microbes are the only life forms reported to exist in heavy arsenic-contaminated environments. Therefore,an understanding of the strategies adopted by microbes to cope with arsenic stress is important in managing such arsenic-contaminated sites. Further future insights into the different microbial genes/proteins that are involved in arsenic resistance may also be useful for developing arsenic resistant crop plants.
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Mac Aogáin M, Mooij MJ, McCarthy RR, Plower E, Wang YP, Tian ZX, Dobson A, Morrissey J, Adams C, O'Gara F. The non-classical ArsR-family repressor PyeR (PA4354) modulates biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2012; 158:2598-2609. [PMID: 22820840 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.058636-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PyeR (PA4354) is a novel member of the ArsR family of transcriptional regulators and modulates biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Characterization of this regulator showed that it has negative autoregulatory properties and binds to a palindromic motif conserved among PyeR orthologues. These characteristics are in line with classical ArsR-family regulators, as is the fact that PyeR is part of an operon structure (pyeR-pyeM-xenB). However, PyeR also exhibits some atypical features in comparison with classical members of the ArsR family, as it does not harbour metal-binding motifs and does not appear to be involved in metal perception or resistance. Hence, PyeR belongs to a subgroup of non-classical ArsR-family regulators and is the second ArsR regulator shown to be involved in biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mac Aogáin
- BIOMERIT Research Centre, Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - M J Mooij
- BIOMERIT Research Centre, Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - R R McCarthy
- BIOMERIT Research Centre, Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - E Plower
- BIOMERIT Research Centre, Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Y P Wang
- National Laboratory of Plant Engineering and Protein Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science, Peking University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Z X Tian
- National Laboratory of Plant Engineering and Protein Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science, Peking University, Beijing, PR China.,BIOMERIT Research Centre, Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - A Dobson
- Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Marine Biotechnology Centre, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - J Morrissey
- Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Marine Biotechnology Centre, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - C Adams
- BIOMERIT Research Centre, Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - F O'Gara
- Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,Marine Biotechnology Centre, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,BIOMERIT Research Centre, Department of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Chakraborty S, Iranzo O, Zuiderweg ERP, Pecoraro VL. Experimental and theoretical evaluation of multisite cadmium(II) exchange in designed three-stranded coiled-coil peptides. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:6191-203. [PMID: 22394049 DOI: 10.1021/ja210510g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
An important factor that defines the toxicity of elements such as cadmium(II), mercury(II), and lead(II) with biological macromolecules is metal ion exchange dynamics. Intriguingly, little is known about the fundamental rates and mechanisms of metal ion exchange into proteins, especially helical bundles. Herein, we investigate the exchange kinetics of Cd(II) using de novo designed three-stranded coiled-coil peptides that contain metal complexing cysteine thiolates as a model for the incorporation of this ion into trimeric, parallel coiled coils. Peptides were designed containing both a single Cd(II) binding site, GrandL12AL16C [Grand = AcG-(LKALEEK)(5)-GNH(2)], GrandL26AL30C, and GrandL26AE28QL30C, as well as GrandL12AL16CL26AL30C with two Cd(II) binding sites. The binding of Cd(II) to any of these sites is of high affinity (K(A) > 3 × 10(7) M(-1)). Using (113)Cd NMR spectroscopy, Cd(II) binding to these designed peptides was monitored. While the Cd(II) binding is in extreme slow exchange regime without showing any chemical shift changes, incremental line broadening for the bound (113)Cd(II) signal is observed when excess (113)Cd(II) is titrated into the peptides. Most dramatically, for one site, L26AL30C, all (113)Cd(II) NMR signals disappear once a 1.7:1 ratio of Cd(II)/(peptide)(3) is reached. The observed processes are not compatible with a simple "free-bound" two-site exchange kinetics at any time regime. The experimental results can, however, be simulated in detail with a multisite binding model, which features additional Cd(II) binding site(s) which, once occupied, perturb the primary binding site. This model is expanded into differential equations for five-site NMR chemical exchange. The numerical integration of these equations exhibits progressive loss of the primary site NMR signal without a chemical shift change and with limited line broadening, in good agreement with the observed experimental data. The mathematical model is interpreted in molecular terms as representing binding of excess Cd(II) to surface Glu residues located at the helical interfaces. In the absence of Cd(II), the Glu residues stabilize the three-helical structure though salt bridge interactions with surface Lys residues. We hypothesize that Cd(II) interferes with these surface ion pairs, destabilizing the helical structure, and perturbing the primary Cd(II) binding site. This hypothesis is supported by the observation that the Cd(II)-excess line broadening is attenuated in GrandL26AE28QL30C, where a surface Glu(28), close to the metal binding site, was changed to Gln. The external binding site may function as an entry pathway for Cd(II) to find its internal binding site following a molecular rearrangement which may serve as a basis for our understanding of metal complexation, transport, and exchange in complex native systems containing α-helical bundles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumen Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
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Abstract
The dramatic changes in the environmental conditions that organisms encountered during evolution and adaptation to life in specific niches, have influenced intracellular and extracellular metal ion contents and, as a consequence, the cellular ability to sense and utilize different metal ions. This metal-driven differentiation is reflected in the specific panels of metal-responsive transcriptional regulators found in different organisms, which finely tune the intracellular metal ion content and all metal-dependent processes. In order to understand the processes underlying this complex metal homeostasis network, the study of the molecular processes that determine the protein-metal ion recognition, as well as how this event is transduced into a transcriptional output, is necessary. This chapter describes how metal ion binding to specific proteins influences protein interaction with DNA and how this event can influence the fate of genetic expression, leading to specific transcriptional outputs. The features of representative metal-responsive transcriptional regulators, as well as the molecular basis of metal-protein and protein-DNA interactions, are discussed on the basis of the structural information available. An overview of the recent advances in the understanding of how these proteins choose specific metal ions among the intracellular metal ion pool, as well as how they allosterically respond to their effector binding, is given.
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50
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Arsenic-based antineoplastic drugs and their mechanisms of action. Met Based Drugs 2011; 2008:260146. [PMID: 18431449 PMCID: PMC2292810 DOI: 10.1155/2008/260146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2007] [Revised: 07/03/2007] [Accepted: 08/17/2007] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Arsenic-based compounds have become accepted agents for cancer therapy providing high rates of remission of some cancers such as acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). The mechanisms by which arsenic-containing compounds kill cells and
reasons for selective killing of only certain types of cancer cells such as APLs have recently been delineated. This knowledge
was gained in parallel with increasing understanding and awareness of the importance of intracellular redox systems and
regulation of the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by controlling mitochondrial function. Many of the targets for
the arsenic-containing compounds are mitochondrial proteins involved in regulating the production of ROS. Inhibition of these
proteins by disulfide linkage of vicinal thiol groups often leads to increased production of ROS and induction of apoptotic
signalling pathways. Sensitivity or resistance to the actions of arsenic-containing compounds on cancer cells and normal
cells depends on the levels of transport systems for their uptake or efflux from the cells as well as their redox defence
mechanisms. The exact mechanisms of arsenic toxicity as well as its anticancer properties are likely to be related and these
aspects of arsenic metabolism are covered in this review. Greater understanding of the mechanisms of action of arsenic will
help determine the risks of human exposure to this chemical. Novel organic arsenic-containing compounds and the lessons
learned from studying their selective sensitivity in targeting dividing endothelial cells to inhibit angiogenesis raise the future
possibility for designing better targeted antineoplastic arsenic-containing compounds with less toxicity to normal cells.
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