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Pagliari F, Jansen J, Knoll J, Hanley R, Seco J, Tirinato L. Cancer radioresistance is characterized by a differential lipid droplet content along the cell cycle. Cell Div 2024; 19:14. [PMID: 38643120 PMCID: PMC11031927 DOI: 10.1186/s13008-024-00116-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer radiation treatments have seen substantial advancements, yet the biomolecular mechanisms underlying cancer cell radioresistance continue to elude full understanding. The effectiveness of radiation on cancer is hindered by various factors, such as oxygen concentrations within tumors, cells' ability to repair DNA damage and metabolic changes. Moreover, the initial and radiation-induced cell cycle profiles can significantly influence radiotherapy responses as radiation sensitivity fluctuates across different cell cycle stages. Given this evidence and our prior studies establishing a correlation between cancer radiation resistance and an increased number of cytoplasmic Lipid Droplets (LDs), we investigated if LD accumulation was modulated along the cell cycle and if this correlated with differential radioresistance in lung and bladder cell lines. RESULTS Our findings identified the S phase as the most radioresistant cell cycle phase being characterized by an increase in LDs. Analysis of the expression of perilipin genes (a family of proteins involved in the LD structure and functions) throughout the cell cycle also uncovered a unique gene cell cycle pattern. CONCLUSIONS In summary, although these results require further molecular studies about the mechanisms of radioresistance, the findings presented here are the first evidence that LD accumulation could participate in cancer cells' ability to better survive X-Ray radiation when cells are in the S phase. LDs can represent new players in the radioresistance processes associated with cancer metabolism. This could open new therapeutic avenues in which the use of LD-interfering drugs might enhance cancer sensitivity to radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pagliari
- Division of Biomedical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jeannette Jansen
- Division of Biomedical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan Knoll
- Division of Biomedical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rachel Hanley
- Division of Biomedical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joao Seco
- Division of Biomedical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Luca Tirinato
- Division of Biomedical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University Magna Graecia, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
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Foster J, McPhee M, Yue L, Dellaire G, Pelech S, Ridgway ND. Lipid- and phospho-regulation of CTP:Phosphocholine Cytidylyltransferase α association with nuclear lipid droplets. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:ar33. [PMID: 38170618 PMCID: PMC10916874 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-09-0354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Fatty acids stored in triacylglycerol-rich lipid droplets are assembled with a surface monolayer composed primarily of phosphatidylcholine (PC). Fatty acids stimulate PC synthesis by translocating CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase (CCT) α to the inner nuclear membrane, nuclear lipid droplets (nLD) and lipid associated promyelocytic leukemia (PML) structures (LAPS). Huh7 cells were used to identify how CCTα translocation onto these nuclear structures are regulated by fatty acids and phosphorylation of its serine-rich P-domain. Oleate treatment of Huh7 cells increased nLDs and LAPS that became progressively enriched in CCTα. In cells expressing the phosphatidic acid phosphatase Lipin1α or 1β, the expanded pool of nLDs and LAPS had a proportional increase in associated CCTα. In contrast, palmitate induced few nLDs and LAPS and inhibited the oleate-dependent translocation of CCTα without affecting total nLDs. Phospho-memetic or phospho-null mutations in the P-domain revealed that a 70% phosphorylation threshold, rather than site-specific phosphorylation, regulated CCTα association with nLDs and LAPS. In vitro candidate kinase and inhibitor studies in Huh7 cells identified cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 1 and 2 as putative P-domain kinases. In conclusion, CCTα translocation onto nLDs and LAPS is dependent on available surface area and fatty acid composition, as well as threshold phosphorylation of the P-domain potentially involving CDKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Foster
- Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Atlantic Research Centre, and
| | - Michael McPhee
- Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Atlantic Research Centre, and
| | - Lambert Yue
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 2B5
| | - Graham Dellaire
- Departments of Pathology and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H4R2
| | - Steven Pelech
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 2B5
- Kinexus Bioinformatics Corporation, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6P 6T3
| | - Neale D. Ridgway
- Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Atlantic Research Centre, and
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3
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Hislop EW, Tipping WJ, Faulds K, Graham D. Label-Free Cytometric Evaluation of Mitosis via Stimulated Raman Scattering Microscopy and Spectral Phasor Analysis. Anal Chem 2023; 95:7244-7253. [PMID: 37097612 PMCID: PMC10173251 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Hyperspectral stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy is a robust imaging tool for the analysis of biological systems. Here, we present a unique perspective, a label-free spatiotemporal map of mitosis, by integrating hyperspectral SRS microscopy with advanced chemometrics to assess the intrinsic biomolecular properties of an essential process of mammalian life. The application of spectral phasor analysis to multiwavelength SRS images in the high-wavenumber (HWN) region of the Raman spectrum enabled the segmentation of subcellular organelles based on innate SRS spectra. Traditional imaging of DNA is primarily reliant on using fluorescent probes or stains which can affect the biophysical properties of the cell. Here, we demonstrate the label-free visualization of nuclear dynamics during mitosis coupled with an evaluation of its spectral profile in a rapid and reproducible manner. These results provide a snapshot of the cell division cycle and chemical variability between intracellular compartments in single-cell models, which is central to understanding the molecular foundations of these fundamental biological processes. The evaluation of HWN images by phasor analysis also facilitated the differentiation between cells in separate phases of the cell cycle based solely on their nuclear SRS spectral signal, which offers an interesting label-free approach in combination with flow cytometry. Therefore, this study demonstrates that SRS microscopy combined with spectral phasor analysis is a valuable method for detailed optical fingerprinting at the subcellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewan W Hislop
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, United Kingdom
| | - William J Tipping
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, United Kingdom
| | - Karen Faulds
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, United Kingdom
| | - Duncan Graham
- Centre for Molecular Nanometrology, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, United Kingdom
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4
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Morzy D, Tekin C, Caroprese V, Rubio-Sánchez R, Di Michele L, Bastings MMC. Interplay of the mechanical and structural properties of DNA nanostructures determines their electrostatic interactions with lipid membranes. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:2849-2859. [PMID: 36688792 PMCID: PMC9909679 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05368c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acids and lipids function in close proximity in biological processes, as well as in nanoengineered constructs for therapeutic applications. As both molecules carry a rich charge profile, and frequently coexist in complex ionic solutions, the electrostatics surely play a pivotal role in interactions between them. Here we discuss how each component of a DNA/ion/lipid system determines its electrostatic attachment. We examine membrane binding of a library of DNA molecules varying from nanoengineered DNA origami through plasmids to short DNA domains, demonstrating the interplay between the molecular structure of the nucleic acid and the phase of lipid bilayers. Furthermore, the magnitude of DNA/lipid interactions is tuned by varying the concentration of magnesium ions in the physiologically relevant range. Notably, we observe that the structural and mechanical properties of DNA are critical in determining its attachment to lipid bilayers and demonstrate that binding is correlated positively with the size, and negatively with the flexibility of the nucleic acid. The findings are utilized in a proof-of-concept comparison of membrane interactions of two DNA origami designs - potential nanotherapeutic platforms - showing how the results can have a direct impact on the choice of DNA geometry for biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Morzy
- Programmable Biomaterials Laboratory, Institute of Materials, School of Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland.
| | - Cem Tekin
- Programmable Biomaterials Laboratory, Institute of Materials, School of Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland.
| | - Vincenzo Caroprese
- Programmable Biomaterials Laboratory, Institute of Materials, School of Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland.
| | - Roger Rubio-Sánchez
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK
- fabriCELL, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Lorenzo Di Michele
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK
- fabriCELL, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Maartje M C Bastings
- Programmable Biomaterials Laboratory, Institute of Materials, School of Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland.
- Interfaculty Bioengineering Institute, School of Engineering, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
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5
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He QY, Jin JF, Lou HQ, Dang FF, Xu JM, Zheng SJ, Yang JL. Abscisic acid-dependent PMT1 expression regulates salt tolerance by alleviating abscisic acid-mediated reactive oxygen species production in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 64:1803-1820. [PMID: 35789105 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Phosphocholine (PCho) is an intermediate metabolite of nonplastid plant membranes that is essential for salt tolerance. However, how PCho metabolism modulates response to salt stress remains unknown. Here, we characterize the role of phosphoethanolamine N-methyltransferase 1 (PMT1) in salt stress tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana using a T-DNA insertional mutant, gene-editing alleles, and complemented lines. The pmt1 mutants showed a severe inhibition of root elongation when exposed to salt stress, but exogenous ChoCl or lecithin rescued this defect. pmt1 also displayed altered glycerolipid metabolism under salt stress, suggesting that glycerolipids contribute to salt tolerance. Moreover, pmt1 mutants exhibited altered reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and distribution, reduced cell division activity, and disturbed auxin distribution in the primary root compared with wild-type seedlings. We show that PMT1 expression is induced by salt stress and relies on the abscisic acid (ABA) signaling pathway, as this induction was abolished in the aba2-1 and pyl112458 mutants. However, ABA aggravated the salt sensitivity of the pmt1 mutants by perturbing ROS distribution in the root tip. Taken together, we propose that PMT1 is an important phosphoethanolamine N-methyltransferase participating in root development of primary root elongation under salt stress conditions by balancing ROS production and distribution through ABA signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yu He
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jian Feng Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - He Qiang Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Feng Feng Dang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ji Ming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shao Jian Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jian Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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Nakatsukasa K, Fujisawa M, Yang X, Kawarasaki T, Okumura F, Kamura T. Triacylglycerol lipase Tgl4 is a stable protein and its dephosphorylation is regulated in a cell cycle-dependent manner in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 626:85-91. [PMID: 35981421 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Triacylglycerols (TGs) serve as reservoirs for diacylglycerols and fatty acids, which play important roles in synthesizing energy and membrane lipids that are required for cell cycle progression. In the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Tgl4, the functional ortholog of murine adipose triacylglycerol lipase (ATGL), is activated by Cdk1/Cdc28-mediated phosphorylation and facilitates the G1/S transition. However, little is known about how Tgl4 is inactivated during the cell cycle. To monitor the phosphorylation status and the stability of endogenous Tgl4, we raised a specific antibody against Tgl4. We found that in contrast to the previous suggestion, Tgl4 was a stable protein throughout the cell cycle. We also showed that Tgl4 was dephosphorylated upon entry into G1 phase. These results suggest that Tgl4 is a stable protein and is inactivated during G1 phase by dephosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunio Nakatsukasa
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya City University, Yamanohata 1, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8501, Japan.
| | - Munetaka Fujisawa
- Division of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Xiaotan Yang
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya City University, Yamanohata 1, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8501, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kawarasaki
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya City University, Yamanohata 1, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 467-8501, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Okumura
- Department of Food and Health Sciences, International College of Arts and Sciences, Fukuoka Women's University, Fukuoka, 813-8582, Japan
| | - Takumi Kamura
- Division of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8602, Japan.
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7
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Fatty Acids: A Safe Tool for Improving Neurodevelopmental Alterations in Down Syndrome? Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142880. [PMID: 35889838 PMCID: PMC9323400 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The triplication of chromosome 21 causes Down syndrome (DS), a genetic disorder that is characterized by intellectual disability (ID). The causes of ID start in utero, leading to impairments in neurogenesis, and continue into infancy, leading to impairments in dendritogenesis, spinogenesis, and connectivity. These defects are associated with alterations in mitochondrial and metabolic functions and precocious aging, leading to the early development of Alzheimer’s disease. Intense efforts are currently underway, taking advantage of DS mouse models to discover pharmacotherapies for the neurodevelopmental and cognitive deficits of DS. Many treatments that proved effective in mouse models may raise safety concerns over human use, especially at early life stages. Accumulating evidence shows that fatty acids, which are nutrients present in normal diets, exert numerous positive effects on the brain. Here, we review (i) the knowledge obtained from animal models regarding the effects of fatty acids on the brain, by focusing on alterations that are particularly prominent in DS, and (ii) the progress recently made in a DS mouse model, suggesting that fatty acids may indeed represent a useful treatment for DS. This scenario should prompt the scientific community to further explore the potential benefit of fatty acids for people with DS.
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8
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A Comprehensive Metabolomics Analysis of Fecal Samples from Advanced Adenoma and Colorectal Cancer Patients. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12060550. [PMID: 35736483 PMCID: PMC9229737 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12060550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) still relies on invasive colonoscopy. Noninvasive methods are less sensitive in detecting the disease, particularly in the early stage. In the current work, a metabolomics analysis of fecal samples was carried out by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectroscopy (UPLC-MS/MS). A total of 1380 metabolites were analyzed in a cohort of 120 fecal samples from patients with normal colonoscopy, advanced adenoma (AA) and CRC. Multivariate analysis revealed that metabolic profiles of CRC and AA patients were similar and could be clearly separated from control individuals. Among the 25 significant metabolites, sphingomyelins (SM), lactosylceramides (LacCer), secondary bile acids, polypeptides, formiminoglutamate, heme and cytidine-containing pyrimidines were found to be dysregulated in CRC patients. Supervised random forest (RF) and logistic regression algorithms were employed to build a CRC accurate predicted model consisting of the combination of hemoglobin (Hgb) and bilirubin E,E, lactosyl-N-palmitoyl-sphingosine, glycocholenate sulfate and STLVT with an accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of 91.67% (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.7753–0.9825), 0.7 and 1, respectively.
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9
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Quiñones J, Díaz R, Beltrán JF, Velazquez L, Cancino D, Muñoz E, Dantagnan P, Hernández A, Sepúlveda N, Farías JG. Analysis of Muscle Lipidome in Juvenile Rainbow Trout Fed Rapeseed Oil and Cochayuyo Meal. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12060805. [PMID: 35740930 PMCID: PMC9221170 DOI: 10.3390/biom12060805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the effects on the lipidome of juvenile Oncorhynchus mykiss muscle fed 90% Brassica napus “rapeseed” oil and different amounts of Durvillaea antarctica “Cochayuyo” meal (1.5, 3 and 6%) as a replacement for cellulose. The analysis allowed for the identification of 329 lipids, mainly represented by phospholipids and fatty esters. The inclusion of Brassica napus oil significantly increased the levels of C18:2 species and fatty esters of hydroxylated fatty acids, which could play a bioactive role in human health. One of the most abundant lipids in all fillets was Phosphatidylcholine 33:6, which, according to the literature, could be considered a biomarker for the identification of Oncorhynchus mykiss. In all experimental diets, the species Phosphatidylethanolamine 15:1-18:24 showed four-fold higher levels than the control; increments of n-3- and n-6-rich phospholipids were also observed. Diets containing Durvillaea antarctica meal did not generate more significant variation in fish muscle phospholipids relative to the muscle of the rapeseed-oil-only group. These lipid species consist of medium- and long-chain fatty acids with different degrees of unsaturation. Still, it appears that the rapeseed oil masks the lipid contribution of the meal, possibly due to the low levels of total lipids in the macroalgae.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Quiñones
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Rommy Díaz
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Jorge F Beltrán
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Lidiana Velazquez
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Agroalimentarias y Medioambiente, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - David Cancino
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Erwin Muñoz
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Mención Biología Celular y Molecular Aplicada, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Patricio Dantagnan
- Núcleo de Investigación de Producción Alimentaria, Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Adrián Hernández
- Núcleo de Investigación de Producción Alimentaria, Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Néstor Sepúlveda
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
- Centro de Tecnología e Innovación de la Carne, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Jorge G Farías
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4780000, Chile
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Saito RDF, Andrade LNDS, Bustos SO, Chammas R. Phosphatidylcholine-Derived Lipid Mediators: The Crosstalk Between Cancer Cells and Immune Cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:768606. [PMID: 35250970 PMCID: PMC8889569 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.768606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
To become resistant, cancer cells need to activate and maintain molecular defense mechanisms that depend on an energy trade-off between resistance and essential functions. Metabolic reprogramming has been shown to fuel cell growth and contribute to cancer drug resistance. Recently, changes in lipid metabolism have emerged as an important driver of resistance to anticancer agents. In this review, we highlight the role of choline metabolism with a focus on the phosphatidylcholine cycle in the regulation of resistance to therapy. We analyze the contribution of phosphatidylcholine and its metabolites to intracellular processes of cancer cells, both as the major cell membrane constituents and source of energy. We further extended our discussion about the role of phosphatidylcholine-derived lipid mediators in cellular communication between cancer and immune cells within the tumor microenvironment, as well as their pivotal role in the immune regulation of therapeutic failure. Changes in phosphatidylcholine metabolism are part of an adaptive program activated in response to stress conditions that contribute to cancer therapy resistance and open therapeutic opportunities for treating drug-resistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata de Freitas Saito
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (LIM24), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo and Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana Nogueira de Sousa Andrade
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (LIM24), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo and Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvina Odete Bustos
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (LIM24), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo and Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roger Chammas
- Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia (LIM24), Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo and Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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11
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Yeast cells actively tune their membranes to phase separate at temperatures that scale with growth temperatures. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2116007119. [PMID: 35046036 PMCID: PMC8795566 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2116007119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Phase separation in membranes creates domains enriched in specific components. To date, the best example of micrometer-scale phase separation in the membrane of an unperturbed, living cell occurs in a yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) organelle called the vacuole. Recent studies indicate that the phases are functionally important, enabling yeast survival during periods of stress. We discovered that yeast regulate this phase transition; the temperature at which membrane components mix into a single phase is ∼15 °C above the growth temperature. To maintain this offset, yeast may tune the level of ergosterol (a molecule that is structurally similar to cholesterol) in their membranes. Surprisingly, depleting sterols in vacuole membranes causes them to phase separate, in contrast to previous assumptions. Membranes of vacuoles, the lysosomal organelles of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (budding yeast), undergo extraordinary changes during the cell’s normal growth cycle. The cycle begins with a stage of rapid cell growth. Then, as glucose becomes scarce, growth slows, and vacuole membranes phase separate into micrometer-scale domains of two liquid phases. Recent studies suggest that these domains promote yeast survival by organizing membrane proteins that play key roles in a central signaling pathway conserved among eukaryotes (TORC1). An outstanding question in the field has been whether cells regulate phase transitions in response to new physical conditions and how this occurs. Here, we measure transition temperatures and find that after an increase of roughly 15 °C, vacuole membranes appear uniform, independent of growth temperature. Moreover, populations of cells grown at a single temperature regulate this transition to occur over a surprisingly narrow temperature range. Remarkably, the transition temperature scales linearly with the growth temperature, demonstrating that the cells physiologically adapt to maintain proximity to the transition. Next, we ask how yeast adjust their membranes to achieve phase separation. We isolate vacuoles from yeast during the rapid stage of growth, when their membranes do not natively exhibit domains. Ergosterol is the major sterol in yeast. We find that domains appear when ergosterol is depleted, contradicting the prevalent assumption that increases in sterol concentration generally cause membrane phase separation in vivo, but in agreement with previous studies using artificial and cell-derived membranes.
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Kasprzycka W, Trębińska-Stryjewska A, Lewandowski RB, Stępińska M, Osuchowska PN, Dobrzyńska M, Achour Y, Osuchowski ŁP, Starzyński J, Mierczyk Z, Trafny EA. Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Field Only Transiently Affects the Cellular and Molecular Processes of Leydig Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011236. [PMID: 34681896 PMCID: PMC8541366 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to verify whether the nanosecond pulsed electric field, not eliciting thermal effects, permanently changes the molecular processes and gene expression of Leydig TM3 cells. The cells were exposed to a moderate electric field (80 quasi-rectangular shape pulses, 60 ns pulse width, and an electric field of 14 kV/cm). The putative disturbances were recorded over 24 h. After exposure to the nanosecond pulsed electric field, a 19% increase in cell diameter, a loss of microvilli, and a 70% reduction in cell adhesion were observed. Some cells showed the nonapoptotic externalization of phosphatidylserine through the pores in the plasma membrane. The cell proportion in the subG1 phase increased by 8% at the expense of the S and G2/M phases, and the DNA was fragmented in a small proportion of the cells. The membrane mitochondrial potential and superoxide content decreased by 37% and 23%, respectively. Microarray’s transcriptome analysis demonstrated a negative transient effect on the expression of genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation, DNA repair, cell proliferation, and the overexpression of plasma membrane proteins. We conclude that nanosecond pulsed electric field affected the physiology and gene expression of TM3 cells transiently, with a noticeable heterogeneity of cellular responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiktoria Kasprzycka
- Biomedical Engineering Centre, Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland; (W.K.); (A.T.-S.); (R.B.L.); (M.S.); (P.N.O.); (M.D.); (Ł.P.O.); (Z.M.)
| | - Alicja Trębińska-Stryjewska
- Biomedical Engineering Centre, Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland; (W.K.); (A.T.-S.); (R.B.L.); (M.S.); (P.N.O.); (M.D.); (Ł.P.O.); (Z.M.)
| | - Rafał Bogdan Lewandowski
- Biomedical Engineering Centre, Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland; (W.K.); (A.T.-S.); (R.B.L.); (M.S.); (P.N.O.); (M.D.); (Ł.P.O.); (Z.M.)
| | - Małgorzata Stępińska
- Biomedical Engineering Centre, Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland; (W.K.); (A.T.-S.); (R.B.L.); (M.S.); (P.N.O.); (M.D.); (Ł.P.O.); (Z.M.)
| | - Paulina Natalia Osuchowska
- Biomedical Engineering Centre, Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland; (W.K.); (A.T.-S.); (R.B.L.); (M.S.); (P.N.O.); (M.D.); (Ł.P.O.); (Z.M.)
| | - Monika Dobrzyńska
- Biomedical Engineering Centre, Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland; (W.K.); (A.T.-S.); (R.B.L.); (M.S.); (P.N.O.); (M.D.); (Ł.P.O.); (Z.M.)
| | - Yahia Achour
- Faculty of Electronics, Military University of Technology, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland; (Y.A.); (J.S.)
| | - Łukasz Paweł Osuchowski
- Biomedical Engineering Centre, Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland; (W.K.); (A.T.-S.); (R.B.L.); (M.S.); (P.N.O.); (M.D.); (Ł.P.O.); (Z.M.)
| | - Jacek Starzyński
- Faculty of Electronics, Military University of Technology, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland; (Y.A.); (J.S.)
| | - Zygmunt Mierczyk
- Biomedical Engineering Centre, Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland; (W.K.); (A.T.-S.); (R.B.L.); (M.S.); (P.N.O.); (M.D.); (Ł.P.O.); (Z.M.)
| | - Elżbieta Anna Trafny
- Biomedical Engineering Centre, Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland; (W.K.); (A.T.-S.); (R.B.L.); (M.S.); (P.N.O.); (M.D.); (Ł.P.O.); (Z.M.)
- Correspondence:
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Walnut Kernel administration to mothers during pregnancy and lactation improve learning of their pups. Changes in number of neurons and gene expression of NMDA receptor and BDNF in hippocampus in 80 days rat pups. CURRENT ISSUES IN PHARMACY AND MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.2478/cipms-2020-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Walnut (Juglans regia) from the Juglandaceae family contains high levels of omega 3 fatty acid, vitamin E and melatonin, hence its consumption is beneficial to would be mothers and their offspring. The current study was designed to determine the possible mechanism of walnut consumption by mothers during pregnancy and lactation and the positive effects on learning and memory processes in their offspring. Wistar adult female rats were placed into three groups: control (fed with pellet, 20 g daily during pregnancy and lactation), CASE 1 [fed with Walnut Kernel (WK) 6% of food intake during pregnancy and lactation] and CASE 2 (fed with WK, 9% of food intake during gestation and lactation). In order to evaluate offspring learning and memory, the Morris Water Maze (MWM) test was performed for their adult offspring at 80 days of age. Histological and molecular studies were utilized in order to discover the protective mechanism and efficacy of WK consumption. The results revealed that learning was significantly improved in the females of CASE 2, in comparison to controls, while there was no difference in memory among the different groups. In addition, the number of neurons significantly increased in the CASE 2 group compared to the control group. However, the molecular study demonstrated that there was no significant difference among the study groups. The results herein show that feeding mothers with WK may improve the learning competence of their pups and increase the number of neurons in both sexes.
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Honrado C, Michel N, Moore JH, Salahi A, Porterfield V, McConnell MJ, Swami NS. Label-Free Quantification of Cell Cycle Synchronicity of Human Neural Progenitor Cells Based on Electrophysiology Phenotypes. ACS Sens 2021; 6:156-165. [PMID: 33325234 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c02022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The ability to coax human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) into human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs) can lead to novel drug discovery and transplant therapy platforms for neurological diseases. Since hNPCs can form organoids that mimic brain development, there is emerging interest in their label-free characterization for controlling cell composition to optimize organoid formation in three-dimensional (3D) cultures. However, this requires the ability to quantify hNPCs in heterogeneous samples with subpopulations of similar phenotype. Using high-throughput (>6000 cells per condition), single-cell impedance cytometry, we present the utilization of electrophysiology for quantification of hNPC subpopulations that are altered in cell cycle synchronicity by camptothecin (CPT) exposure. Electrophysiology phenotypes are determined from impedance magnitude and phase metrics for distinguishing each cell cycle phase, as validated by flow cytometry, for a wide range of subpopulation proportions. Using multishell dielectric models for each cell cycle phase, electrophysiology alterations with CPT dose could be predicted. This label-free detection strategy can prevent loss of cell viability to speed the optimization of cellular compositions for organoid development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Honrado
- Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Nadine Michel
- Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - John H. Moore
- Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Armita Salahi
- Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Veronica Porterfield
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Michael J. McConnell
- Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
| | - Nathan S. Swami
- Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, United States
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15
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Helder RWJ, Rousel J, Boiten WA, Gooris GS, Nadaban A, El Ghalbzouri A, Bouwstra JA. Improved organotypic skin model with reduced quantity of monounsaturated ceramides by inhibiting stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1866:158885. [PMID: 33444760 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.158885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Full thickness models (FTM) are 3D in vitro skin cultures that resemble the native human skin (NHS) to a great extent. However, the barrier function of these skin models is reduced. The skin barrier is located in the stratum corneum (SC) and consists of corneocytes embedded in a lipid matrix. In this matrix, deviations in the composition of the FTMs lipid matrix may contribute to the impaired skin barrier when compared to NHS. One of the most abundant changes in lipid composition is an increase in monounsaturated lipids for which stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD-1) is responsible. To improve the SC lipid composition, we reduced SCD-1 activity during the generation of the FTMs. These FTMs were subsequently assessed on all major aspects, including epidermal homeostasis, lipid composition, lipid organization, and barrier functionality. We demonstrate that SCD-1 inhibition was successful and resulted in FTMs that better mimic the lipid composition of FTMs to NHS by a significant reduction in monounsaturated lipids. In conclusion, this study demonstrates an effective approach to normalize SC monounsaturated lipid concentration and may be a valuable tool in further optimizing the FTMs in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard W J Helder
- Division of BioTherapeutics, LACDR, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Jannik Rousel
- Division of BioTherapeutics, LACDR, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Walter A Boiten
- Division of BioTherapeutics, LACDR, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Gerrit S Gooris
- Division of BioTherapeutics, LACDR, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Andreea Nadaban
- Division of BioTherapeutics, LACDR, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | | | - Joke A Bouwstra
- Division of BioTherapeutics, LACDR, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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16
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Zheng X, Xin Y, Peng Y, Shan J, Zhang N, Wu D, Guo J, Huang J, Guan W, Shi S, Zhou C, Chen R, Du B, Zhu L, Yang F, Fu X, Yuan L, He G. Lipidomic analyses reveal enhanced lipolysis in planthoppers feeding on resistant host plants. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2020; 64:1502-1521. [PMID: 33165813 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-020-1834-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The brown planthopper (BPH) (Nilaparvata lugens Stål) is a highly destructive pest that seriously damages rice (Oryza sativa L.) and causes severe yield losses. To better understand the physiological and metabolic mechanisms through which BPHs respond to resistant rice, we combined mass-spectrometry-based lipidomics with transcriptomic analysis and gene knockdown techniques to compare the lipidomes of BPHs feeding on either of the two resistant (NIL-Bph6 and NIL-Bph9) plants or a wild-type, BPH susceptible (9311) plant. Insects that were fed on resistant rice transformed triglyceride (TG) to phosphatidylcholine (PC) and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG), with these lipid classes showing significant alterations in fatty acid composition. Moreover, the insects that were fed on resistant rice were characterized by prominent expression changes in genes involved in lipid metabolism processes. Knockdown of the NlBmm gene, which encodes a lipase that regulates the mobilization of lipid reserves, significantly increased TG content and feeding performance of BPHs on resistant plants relative to dsGFP-injected BPHs. Our study provides the first detailed description of lipid changes in BPHs fed on resistant and susceptible rice genotypes. Results from BPHs fed on resistant rice plants reveal that these insects can accelerate TG mobilization to provide energy for cell proliferation, body maintenance, growth and oviposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yeyun Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Yaxin Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Junhan Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Di Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jianping Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Wei Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Shaojie Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Cong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Rongzhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Bo Du
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Lili Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Fang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Xiqin Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Longping Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Guangcun He
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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17
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Sarkar P, Rao BD, Chattopadhyay A. Cell Cycle Dependent Modulation of Membrane Dipole Potential and Neurotransmitter Receptor Activity: Role of Membrane Cholesterol. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:2890-2899. [PMID: 32786305 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The cell cycle is a sequential multistep process essential for growth and proliferation of cells that make up multicellular organisms. A number of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins are known to modulate the cell cycle. Yet, the role of lipids, membrane organization, and physical properties in cell cycle progression remains largely elusive. Membrane dipole potential is an important physicochemical property and originates due to the electrostatic potential difference within the membrane because of nonrandom arrangement of amphiphile dipoles and water molecules at the membrane interface. In this work, we explored the modulation of membrane dipole potential in various stages of the cell cycle in CHO-K1 cells. Our results show that membrane dipole potential is highest in the G1 phase relative to S and G2/M phases. This was accompanied by regulation of membrane cholesterol content in the cell cycle. The highest cholesterol content was found in the G1 phase with a considerable reduction in cholesterol in S and G2/M phases. Interestingly, we noted a similarity in the dependence of membrane dipole potential and cholesterol with progress of the cell cycle. In addition, we observed an increase in neutral lipid (which contains esterified cholesterol) content as cells progressed from the G1 to G2/M phase via the S phase of the cell cycle. Importantly, we further observed a cell cycle dependent reduction in ligand binding activity of serotonin1A receptors expressed in CHO-K1 cells. To the best of our knowledge, these results constitute the first report of cell cycle dependent modulation of membrane dipole potential and activity of a neurotransmitter receptor belonging to the G protein-coupled receptor family. We envision that understanding the basis of cell cycle events from a biophysical perspective would result in a deeper appreciation of the cell cycle and its regulation in relation to cellular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parijat Sarkar
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India
| | - Bhagyashree D. Rao
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500 007, India
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18
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N'Guessan KF, Davis HW, Chu Z, Vallabhapurapu SD, Lewis CS, Franco RS, Olowokure O, Ahmad SA, Yeh JJ, Bogdanov VY, Qi X. Enhanced Efficacy of Combination of Gemcitabine and Phosphatidylserine-Targeted Nanovesicles against Pancreatic Cancer. Mol Ther 2020; 28:1876-1886. [PMID: 32516572 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylserine (PS) is often externalized in viable pancreatic cancer cells and is therapeutically targetable using PS-selective drugs. One of the first-line treatments for advanced pancreatic cancer disease, gemcitabine (GEM), provides only marginal benefit to patients. We therefore investigated the therapeutic benefits of combining GEM and the PS-targeting drug, saposin C-dioleoylphosphatidylserine (SapC-DOPS), for treating pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Using cell-cycle analyses and a cell surface PS-based sorting method in vitro, we observed an increase in surface PS as cells progress through the cell cycle from G1 to G2/M. We also observed that GEM treatment preferentially targets G1 phase cells that have low surface PS, resulting in an increased median surface PS level of PDAC cells. Inversely, SapC-DOPS preferentially targets high surface PS cells that are predominantly in the G2/M phase. Finally, combination therapy in subcutaneous and orthotopic PDAC tumors in vivo with SapC-DOPS and GEM or Abraxane (Abr)/GEM (one of the current standards of care) significantly inhibits tumor growth and increases survival compared with individual treatments. Our studies confirm a surface PS and cell cycle-based enhancement of cancer cytotoxicity following SapC-DOPS treatment in combination with GEM or Abr/GEM. Thus, PDAC patients treated with Abr/GEM may benefit from concurrent administration of SapC-DOPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kombo F N'Guessan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Harold W Davis
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Zhengtao Chu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Subrahmanya D Vallabhapurapu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Clayton S Lewis
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Robert S Franco
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Olugbenga Olowokure
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Syed A Ahmad
- Department of Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Jen Jen Yeh
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Departments of Surgery and Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Vladimir Y Bogdanov
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Qi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Cincinnati Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA.
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Metabolomic Analysis Reveals That the Mechanism of Astaxanthin Improves the Osteogenic Differentiation Potential in Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:3427430. [PMID: 32308800 PMCID: PMC7132583 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3427430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
At present, little research has been done on the metabolic phenotype of the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into osteoblasts. In this study, the effect of astaxanthin on improving osteogenic differentiation potential of mesenchymal stem cells was studied by metabolomics. Results showed that L-methionine, L-tyrosine, and 2-hydroxycinnamic acid were upregulated in MSCs treated with astaxanthin, while L-lysine, L-pipecolic acid, L-histidine, L-arginine, D-fructose, and L-aspartic acid were downregulated in samples treated with astaxanthin. In addition, astaxanthin exhibited a significant dose-dependent relationship with these markers. Metabolic pathway enrichment analysis revealed that AST mainly regulated phenylalanine metabolism; phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis; and pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis during the process of osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. Furthermore, the staining results showed that astaxanthin could actively promote the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. These findings clearly indicate that astaxanthin plays an important role in inducing osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. In addition, the changed metabolites can be used to monitor the differentiation process.
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López Grueso MJ, Tarradas Valero RM, Carmona-Hidalgo B, Lagal Ruiz DJ, Peinado J, McDonagh B, Requejo Aguilar R, Bárcena Ruiz JA, Padilla Peña CA. Peroxiredoxin 6 Down-Regulation Induces Metabolic Remodeling and Cell Cycle Arrest in HepG2 Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E505. [PMID: 31652719 PMCID: PMC6912460 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8110505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6) is the only member of 1-Cys subfamily of peroxiredoxins in human cells. It is the only Prdx acting on phospholipid hydroperoxides possessing two additional sites with phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and lysophosphatidylcholine-acyl transferase (LPCAT) activities. There are contrasting reports on the roles and mechanisms of multifunctional Prdx6 in several pathologies and on its sensitivity to, and influence on, the redox environment. We have down-regulated Prdx6 with specific siRNA in hepatoblastoma HepG2 cells to study its role in cell proliferation, redox homeostasis, and metabolic programming. Cell proliferation and cell number decreased while cell volume increased; import of glucose and nucleotide biosynthesis also diminished while polyamines, phospholipids, and most glycolipids increased. A proteomic quantitative analysis suggested changes in membrane arrangement and vesicle trafficking as well as redox changes in enzymes of carbon and glutathione metabolism, pentose-phosphate pathway, citrate cycle, fatty acid metabolism, biosynthesis of aminoacids, and Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis. Specific redox changes in Hexokinase-2 (HK2), Prdx6, intracellular chloride ion channel-1 (CLIC1), PEP-carboxykinase-2 (PCK2), and 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH) are compatible with the metabolic remodeling toward a predominant gluconeogenic flow from aminoacids with diversion at 3-phospohglycerate toward serine and other biosynthetic pathways thereon and with cell cycle arrest at G1/S transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José López Grueso
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Córdoba, 14074 Córdoba, Spain.
| | | | - Beatriz Carmona-Hidalgo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Córdoba, 14074 Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Daniel José Lagal Ruiz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Córdoba, 14074 Córdoba, Spain.
| | - José Peinado
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Córdoba, 14074 Córdoba, Spain.
- Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Brian McDonagh
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, NUI Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland.
| | - Raquel Requejo Aguilar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Córdoba, 14074 Córdoba, Spain.
- Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain.
| | - José Antonio Bárcena Ruiz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Córdoba, 14074 Córdoba, Spain.
- Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Carmen Alicia Padilla Peña
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Córdoba, 14074 Córdoba, Spain.
- Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain.
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Liquid-crystalline phase transitions in lipid droplets are related to cellular states and specific organelle association. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:16866-16871. [PMID: 31375636 PMCID: PMC6708344 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1903642116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids have essential roles in cellular energy homeostasis and are key structural components of membranes and thereby provide the basis of cellular compartmentalization. The maintenance of lipid homeostasis is of fundamental importance to cellular physiology. Lipid droplets (LDs) are central organelles orchestrating lipid fluxes inside cells. By examining pristinely preserved frozen-hydrated HeLa cells with cryoelectron microscopy, we show that LDs exhibit different internal organizations, as well as organelle associations, depending on cellular states. We demonstrate the presence of a liquid-crystalline phase under certain conditions, which are likely to impact the physiological functions of LDs. Furthermore, crystalline droplets are a major component of atherosclerotic lesions in human arteries. Crystalline LDs secreted by cells may therefore have a direct link to pathologies. Lipid droplets (LDs) are ubiquitous organelles comprising a central hub for cellular lipid metabolism and trafficking. This role is tightly associated with their interactions with several cellular organelles. Here, we provide a systematic and quantitative structural description of LDs in their native state in HeLa cells enabled by cellular cryoelectron microscopy. LDs consist of a hydrophobic neutral lipid mixture of triacylglycerols (TAG) and cholesteryl esters (CE), surrounded by a single monolayer of phospholipids. We show that under normal culture conditions, LDs are amorphous and that they transition into a smectic liquid-crystalline phase surrounding an amorphous core at physiological temperature under certain cell-cycle stages or metabolic scenarios. Following determination of the crystal lattice spacing of 3.5 nm and of a phase transition temperature below 43 °C, we attributed the liquid-crystalline phase to CE. We suggest that under mitotic arrest and starvation, relative CE levels increase, presumably due to the consumption of TAG metabolites for membrane synthesis and mitochondrial respiration, respectively, supported by direct visualization of LD–mitochondrial membrane contact sites. We hypothesize that the structural phase transition may have a major impact on the accessibility of lipids in LDs to enzymes or lipid transporters. These may become restricted in the smectic phase, affecting the exchange rate of lipids with surrounding membranes and lead to a different surface occupancy of LD-associated proteins. Therefore, the composition and the resulting internal structure of LDs is expected to play a key role in their function as hubs of cellular lipid flux.
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22
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Sakamoto W, Masuda T, Ochiai T, Shimada N, Maruyama A. Cationic Copolymers Act As Chaperones of a Membrane-Active Peptide: Influence on Membrane Selectivity. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:5744-5751. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b01582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wakako Sakamoto
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, B-57 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
| | - Tsukuru Masuda
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, B-57 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
| | - Takuro Ochiai
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, B-57 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
| | - Naohiko Shimada
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, B-57 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
| | - Atsushi Maruyama
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, B-57 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan
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23
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Okazaki Y, Nakamura K, Takeda S, Yoshizawa I, Yoshida F, Ohshima N, Izumi T, Klein JD, Kumrungsee T, Sands JM, Yanaka N. GDE5 inhibition accumulates intracellular glycerophosphocholine and suppresses adipogenesis at a mitotic clonal expansion stage. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 316:C162-C174. [PMID: 30462540 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00305.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian glycerophosphodiesterases (GDEs) were recently shown to be involved in multiple cellular signaling pathways. This study showed that decreased GDE5 expression results in accumulation of intracellular glycerophosphocholine (GPC), showing that GDE5 is actively involved in GPC/choline metabolism in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Using 3T3-L1 adipocytes, we further studied the biological significance of GPC/choline metabolism during adipocyte differentiation. Inhibition of GDE5 suppressed the formation of lipid droplets, which is accompanied by the decreased expression of adipocyte differentiation markers. We further showed that the decreased GDE5 expression suppressed mitotic clonal expansion (MCE) of preadipocytes. Decreased expression of CTP: phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase (CCTβ), a rate-limiting enzyme for phosphatidylcholine (PC) synthesis, is similarly able to inhibit MCE and PC synthesis; however, the decreased GDE5 expression resulted in accumulation of intracellular GPC but did not affect PC synthesis. Furthermore, we showed that mRNAs of proteoglycans and transporters for organic osmolytes are significantly upregulated and that intracellular amino acids and urea levels are altered in response to GDE5 inhibition. Finally, we showed that reduction of GDE5 expression increased lactate dehydrogenase release from preadipocytes. These observations indicate that decreased GDE5 expression can suppress adipocyte differentiation not through the PC pathway but possibly by intracellular GPC accumulation. These results provide insight into the roles of mammalian GDEs and their dependence upon osmotic regulation by altering intracellular GPC levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Okazaki
- Department of Molecular and Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University , Japan
| | - Keishi Nakamura
- Department of Molecular and Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University , Japan
| | - Shuto Takeda
- Department of Molecular and Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University , Japan
| | - Ikumi Yoshizawa
- Department of Molecular and Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University , Japan
| | - Fumiyo Yoshida
- Department of Molecular and Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University , Japan
| | - Noriyasu Ohshima
- Department of Biochemistry, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine , Japan
| | - Takashi Izumi
- Department of Biochemistry, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine , Japan
| | - Janet D Klein
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, and Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Thanutchaporn Kumrungsee
- Department of Molecular and Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University , Japan
| | - Jeff M Sands
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, and Department of Physiology, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Noriyuki Yanaka
- Department of Molecular and Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University , Japan
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24
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High α-tocopherol dosing increases lipid metabolism by changing redox state in damaged rat gastric mucosa and liver after ethanol treatment. Clin Sci (Lond) 2018; 132:1257-1272. [PMID: 29773670 DOI: 10.1042/cs20180154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Regeneration of ethanol-injured rat gastric mucosa must undergo changes in major metabolic pathways to achieve DNA replication and cell proliferation. These events are highly dependent on glucose utilization and inhibited by vitamin E (VE) (α-tocopherol) administration. Therefore, the present study aimed at assessing lipid metabolism in the gastric mucosa and ethanol-induced gastric damage and the effect of α-tocopherol administration. For this, rates of fatty acid β-oxidation and lipogenesis were tested in gastric mucosa samples. Through histological analysis, we found loss of the mucosa's superficial epithelium, which became gradually normalized during the recovery period. Proliferation of gastric mucosa occurred with augmented formation of β-oxidation by-products, diminished synthesis of triacylglycerols (TGs), as well as of phospholipids, and a reduced cytoplasmic NAD/NADH ratio, whereas the mitochondrial redox NAD/NADH ratio was much less affected. In addition, α-tocopherol increased palmitic acid utilization in the gastric mucosa, which was accompanied by the induction of 'mirror image' effects on the cell redox state, reflected in an inhibited cell gastric mucosa proliferation by the vitamin administration. In conclusion, the present study shows, for the first time, the role of lipid metabolism in the adaptive cell gastric mucosa changes that drive proliferation after a chronic insult. Moreover, α-tocopherol increased gastric mucosa utilization of palmitic acid associated with energy production. These events could be associated with its antioxidant properties in co-ordination with regulation of genes and cell pathways, including changes in the cell NAD/NADH redox state.
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25
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Hunt AN, Malur A, Monfort T, Lagoudakis P, Mahajan S, Postle AD, Thomassen MJ. Hepatic Steatosis Accompanies Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 57:448-458. [PMID: 28489415 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2016-0242oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of tissue-specific organ lipid compositions characterizes mammalian lipid homeostasis. The lungs and liver synthesize mixed phosphatidylcholine (PC) molecular species that are subsequently tailored for function. The lungs progressively enrich disaturated PC directed to lamellar body surfactant stores before secretion. The liver accumulates polyunsaturated PC directed to very-low-density lipoprotein assembly and secretion, or to triglyceride stores. In each tissue, selective PC species enrichment mechanisms lie at the heart of effective homeostasis. We tested for potential coordination between these spatially separated but possibly complementary phenomena under a major derangement of lung PC metabolism, pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP), which overwhelms homeostasis and leads to excessive surfactant accumulation. Using static and dynamic lipidomics techniques, we compared (1) tissue PC compositions and contents, and (2) in lungs, the absolute rates of synthesis in both control mice and the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor knockout model of PAP. Significant disaturated PC accumulation in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, alveolar macrophage, and lavaged lung tissue occurred alongside increased PC synthesis, consistent with reported defects in alveolar macrophage surfactant turnover. However, microscopy using oil red O staining, coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering, second harmonic generation, and transmission electron microscopy also revealed neutral-lipid droplet accumulations in alveolar lipofibroblasts of granular macrophage colony-stimulating factor knockout animals, suggesting that lipid homeostasis deficits extend beyond alveolar macrophages. PAP plasma PC composition was significantly polyunsaturated fatty acid enriched, but the content was unchanged and hepatic polyunsaturated fatty acid-enriched PC content increased by 50% with an accompanying micro/macrovesicular steatosis and a fibrotic damage pattern consistent with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. These data suggest a hepatopulmonary axis of PC metabolism coordination, with wider implications for understanding and managing lipid pathologies in which compromise of one organ has unexpected consequences for another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan N Hunt
- 1 Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine
| | - Anagha Malur
- 2 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | | | - Pavlos Lagoudakis
- 4 School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; and
| | | | | | - Mary Jane Thomassen
- 2 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
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26
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Zhao J, Zhi Z, Wang C, Xing H, Song G, Yu X, Zhu Y, Wang X, Zhang X, Di Y. Exogenous lipids promote the growth of breast cancer cells via CD36. Oncol Rep 2017; 38:2105-2115. [PMID: 28765876 PMCID: PMC5652970 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells present sustained de novo fatty acid (FA) synthesis with increased production of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs). This change in FA metabolism is associated with overexpression of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1), which catalyses the transformation of SFAs into MUFAs (e.g., oleic acid). In this study, we provide new evidence that SCD1 inhibition leads to the anti-proliferation effect of breast cancer cells through induction of apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and migration prevention. However, the antitumor effect of the SCD1 inhibitor can be reversed by exogenous oleic acid. We hypothesize that, in addition to de novo synthesis, cancer cells may uptake exogenous FAs actively. CD36, also known as FA translocase (FAT), that functions as a transmembrane protein and mediates the uptake of FAs, is observed to be highly expressed in breast cancer tissues. Furthermore, the anti-proliferation effect caused by the SCD1 inhibitor can not be reversed by exogenous oleic acid supplementation in CD36 knockdown breast cancer cells. Our study revealed that the lipid metabolism of breast cancer is regulated not only by de novo lipogenesis but also by the availability of lipids outside cancer cells. Consistent with FA synthesis, FA uptake and transport will be another important target pathway for anticancer therapy, and the FA channel protein CD36 may provide a promising therapeutic target. Lipogenesis combined with FA transport will be a new orientation for antitumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Zhi
- Department of Basic Medicine, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050200, P.R. China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Clinical Medical Research Center and Geriatric Key Laboratory, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Hanying Xing
- Department of Clinical Medical Research Center and Geriatric Key Laboratory, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Guangyao Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, P.R. China
| | - Xian Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Yajun Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Xing Wang
- Department of Clinical Medical Research Center and Geriatric Key Laboratory, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Yan Di
- The First Department of Oncology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
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27
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Miscibility Transition Temperature Scales with Growth Temperature in a Zebrafish Cell Line. Biophys J 2017; 113:1212-1222. [PMID: 28552311 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.04.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells can alter the lipid content of their plasma membranes upon changes in their environment to maintain and adjust membrane function. Recent work suggests that some membrane functions arise because cellular plasma membranes are poised close to a miscibility transition under growth conditions. Here we report experiments utilizing giant plasma membrane vesicles (GPMVs) to explore how membrane transition temperature varies with growth temperature in a zebrafish cell line (ZF4) that can be adapted for growth between 20 and 32°C. We find that GPMV transition temperatures adjust to be 16.7 ± 1.2°C below growth temperature for four growth temperatures investigated and that adjustment occurs over roughly 2 days when temperature is abruptly lowered from 28 to 20°C. We also find that GPMVs have slightly different lipidomes when isolated from cells adapted for growth at 28 and 20°C. Similar to past work in vesicles derived from mammalian cells, fluctuating domains are observed in ZF4-derived GPMVs, consistent with their having critical membrane compositions. Taken together, these experimental results suggest that cells in culture biologically tune their membrane composition in a way that maintains specific proximity to a critical miscibility transition.
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28
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Beltrán-Heredia E, Almendro-Vedia VG, Monroy F, Cao FJ. Modeling the Mechanics of Cell Division: Influence of Spontaneous Membrane Curvature, Surface Tension, and Osmotic Pressure. Front Physiol 2017; 8:312. [PMID: 28579960 PMCID: PMC5437162 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many cell division processes have been conserved throughout evolution and are being revealed by studies on model organisms such as bacteria, yeasts, and protozoa. Cellular membrane constriction is one of these processes, observed almost universally during cell division. It happens similarly in all organisms through a mechanical pathway synchronized with the sequence of cytokinetic events in the cell interior. Arguably, such a mechanical process is mastered by the coordinated action of a constriction machinery fueled by biochemical energy in conjunction with the passive mechanics of the cellular membrane. Independently of the details of the constriction engine, the membrane component responds against deformation by minimizing the elastic energy at every constriction state following a pathway still unknown. In this paper, we address a theoretical study of the mechanics of membrane constriction in a simplified model that describes a homogeneous membrane vesicle in the regime where mechanical work due to osmotic pressure, surface tension, and bending energy are comparable. We develop a general method to find approximate analytical expressions for the main descriptors of a symmetrically constricted vesicle. Analytical solutions are obtained by combining a perturbative expansion for small deformations with a variational approach that was previously demonstrated valid at the reference state of an initially spherical vesicle at isotonic conditions. The analytic approximate results are compared with the exact solution obtained from numerical computations, getting a good agreement for all the computed quantities (energy, area, volume, constriction force). We analyze the effects of the spontaneous curvature, the surface tension and the osmotic pressure in these quantities, focusing especially on the constriction force. The more favorable conditions for vesicle constriction are determined, obtaining that smaller constriction forces are required for positive spontaneous curvatures, low or negative membrane tension and hypertonic media. Conditions for spontaneous constriction at a given constriction force are also determined. The implications of these results for biological cell division are discussed. This work contributes to a better quantitative understanding of the mechanical pathway of cellular division, and could assist the design of artificial divisomes in vesicle-based self-actuated microsystems obtained from synthetic biology approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Beltrán-Heredia
- Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad Complutense de MadridMadrid, Spain.,Departamento de Química Física I, Universidad Complutense de MadridMadrid, Spain
| | - Víctor G Almendro-Vedia
- Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad Complutense de MadridMadrid, Spain.,Departamento de Química Física I, Universidad Complutense de MadridMadrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Monroy
- Departamento de Química Física I, Universidad Complutense de MadridMadrid, Spain.,Translational Biophysics, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12)Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J Cao
- Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad Complutense de MadridMadrid, Spain
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29
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Craddock CP, Adams N, Kroon JT, Bryant FM, Hussey PJ, Kurup S, Eastmond PJ. Cyclin-dependent kinase activity enhances phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis in Arabidopsis by repressing phosphatidic acid phosphohydrolase activity. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 89:3-14. [PMID: 27595588 PMCID: PMC5299491 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Coordination of endomembrane biogenesis with cell cycle progression is considered to be important in maintaining cell function during growth and development. We previously showed that the disruption of PHOSPHATIDIC ACID PHOSPHOHYDROLASE (PAH) activity in Arabidopsis thaliana stimulates biosynthesis of the major phospholipid phosphatidylcholine (PC) and causes expansion of the endoplasmic reticulum. Here we show that PC biosynthesis is repressed by disruption of the core cell cycle regulator CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE A;1 (CDKA;1) and that this repression is reliant on PAH. Furthermore, we show that cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) phosphorylate PAH1 at serine 162, which reduces both its activity and membrane association. Expression of a CDK-insensitive version of PAH1 with a serine 162 to alanine substitution represses PC biosynthesis and also reduces the rate of cell division in early leaf development. Together our findings reveal a physiologically important mechanism that couples the rate of phospholipid biosynthesis and endomembrane biogenesis to cell cycle progression in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian P. Craddock
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of WarwickCoventryCV4 7ALUK
- Present address: Center for Plant Cell BiologyDepartment of Botany and Plant SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaRiverside92521USA
| | - Nicolette Adams
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of WarwickCoventryCV4 7ALUK
- Present address: Centre for Proteomic and Genomic ResearchUpper LevelSt Peter's MallCorner Anzio and Main Road ObservatoryCape Town7925South Africa
| | - Johan T.M. Kroon
- School of Biological and Biomedical SciencesDurham UniversityDurhamDH1 3LEUK
| | - Fiona M. Bryant
- Department of Plant Biology and Crop ScienceRothamsted ResearchHarpendenHertfordshireAL5 2JQUK
- Present address: School of Biological and Biomedical SciencesDurham UniversityDurhamDH1 3LEUK
| | - Patrick J. Hussey
- School of Biological and Biomedical SciencesDurham UniversityDurhamDH1 3LEUK
| | - Smita Kurup
- Department of Plant Biology and Crop ScienceRothamsted ResearchHarpendenHertfordshireAL5 2JQUK
| | - Peter J. Eastmond
- Department of Plant Biology and Crop ScienceRothamsted ResearchHarpendenHertfordshireAL5 2JQUK
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30
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Segerer G, Hadamek K, Zundler M, Fekete A, Seifried A, Mueller MJ, Koentgen F, Gessler M, Jeanclos E, Gohla A. An essential developmental function for murine phosphoglycolate phosphatase in safeguarding cell proliferation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35160. [PMID: 27731369 PMCID: PMC5059750 DOI: 10.1038/srep35160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian phosphoglycolate phosphatase (PGP) is thought to target phosphoglycolate, a 2-deoxyribose fragment derived from the repair of oxidative DNA lesions. However, the physiological role of this activity and the biological function of the DNA damage product phosphoglycolate is unknown. We now show that knockin replacement of murine Pgp with its phosphatase-inactive PgpD34N mutant is embryonically lethal due to intrauterine growth arrest and developmental delay in midgestation. PGP inactivation attenuated triosephosphate isomerase activity, increased triglyceride levels at the expense of the cellular phosphatidylcholine content, and inhibited cell proliferation. These effects were prevented under hypoxic conditions or by blocking phosphoglycolate release from damaged DNA. Thus, PGP is essential to sustain cell proliferation in the presence of oxygen. Collectively, our findings reveal a previously unknown mechanism coupling a DNA damage repair product to the control of intermediary metabolism and cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Segerer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Strasse 9, D-97078 Würzburg, Germany.,Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 2, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Hadamek
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Strasse 9, D-97078 Würzburg, Germany.,Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 2, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Zundler
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Strasse 9, D-97078 Würzburg, Germany.,Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 2, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Agnes Fekete
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, D-97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Annegrit Seifried
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Strasse 9, D-97078 Würzburg, Germany.,Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 2, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Martin J Mueller
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, D-97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Frank Koentgen
- Ozgene Pty Ltd, PO Box 1128, Bentley DC, WA 6983, Australia
| | - Manfred Gessler
- Theodor-Boveri-Institute/Biocenter, Developmental Biochemistry, Am Hubland, University of Würzburg, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 6, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Jeanclos
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Strasse 9, D-97078 Würzburg, Germany.,Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 2, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Antje Gohla
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Versbacher Strasse 9, D-97078 Würzburg, Germany.,Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 2, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
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31
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Igal RA. Stearoyl CoA desaturase-1: New insights into a central regulator of cancer metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:1865-1880. [PMID: 27639967 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The processes of cell proliferation, cell death and differentiation involve an intricate array of biochemical and morphological changes that require a finely tuned modulation of metabolic pathways, chiefly among them is fatty acid metabolism. The critical participation of stearoyl CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1), the fatty acyl Δ9-desaturing enzyme that converts saturated fatty acids (SFA) into monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), in the mechanisms of replication and survival of mammalian cells, as well as their implication in the biological alterations of cancer have been actively investigated in recent years. This review examines the growing body of evidence that argues for a role of SCD1 as a central regulator of the complex synchronization of metabolic and signaling events that control cellular metabolism, cell cycle progression, survival, differentiation and transformation to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ariel Igal
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York City, NY, United States.
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32
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Chao YJ, Chan JF, Hsu YHH. Chemotherapy Drug Induced Discoordination of Mitochondrial Life Cycle Detected by Cardiolipin Fluctuation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162457. [PMID: 27627658 PMCID: PMC5023183 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy drugs have been prescribed for the systemic treatment of cancer. We selected three chemotherapy drugs, including methotrexate, mitomycine C and vincristine to inhibit the proliferation of HT1080 human fibrosarcoma cells in S, G2 and M phases of the cell cycle respectively. These chemotherapy drugs showed significant toxicity and growth inhibition to the cancer cells measured by MTT assay. After treated with a 50% inhibitory dosage for 48 hours, these cancer cells showed significant accumulation of cardiolipin (CL), which was a reverse trend of the nutritional deficiency induced arrest at G1 phase. The quantity of each CL species was further semi-quantitated by HPLC-ion trap mass spectrometer. Methotraxate treatment caused unique increases of acyl chain length on CL, which were the opposite of the serum starvation, mitomycine C and vincristine treatments. Although mitomycine C and vincristine have different mechanisms to induce cell cycle arrest, these two drugs displayed similar effects on decreasing chain length of CL. Continuation of CL synthesis during cell cycle arrest indicated the chemotherapy drugs resulting in the discoordination of the mitochondrial life cycle from the cell cycle and thus caused the accumulation of CL. These finding reveals that the pre-remodeling nascent CL accumulates during the methotraxate induced arrest; however, the post-remodeling mature CL accumulates during the mitomycine C and vincristine induced arrest after the synthesis phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jen Chao
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Fen Chan
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Hao Howard Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Life Science Research Center, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Hermansson M, Hänninen S, Hokynar K, Somerharju P. The PNPLA-family phospholipases involved in glycerophospholipid homeostasis of HeLa cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:1058-1065. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Rajakumar S, Bhanupriya N, Ravi C, Nachiappan V. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and calcium imbalance are involved in cadmium-induced lipid aberrancy in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Cell Stress Chaperones 2016; 21:895-906. [PMID: 27344570 PMCID: PMC5003806 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-016-0714-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum is the key organelle which controls protein folding, lipid biogenesis, and calcium (Ca(2+)) homeostasis. Cd exposure in Saccharomyces cerevisiae activated the unfolded protein response and was confirmed by the increased Kar2p expression. Cd exposure in wild-type (WT) cells increased PC levels and the PC biosynthetic genes. Deletion of the two phospholipid methyltransferases CHO2 and OPI3 modulated PC, TAG levels and the lipid droplets with cadmium exposure. Interestingly, we noticed an increase in the calcium levels upon Cd exposure in the mutant cells. This study concluded that Cd interrupted calcium homeostasis-induced lipid dysregulation leading to ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvaraj Rajakumar
- Biomembrane Lab, Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Excellence in Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620024, India
| | - Nagaraj Bhanupriya
- Biomembrane Lab, Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Excellence in Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620024, India
| | - Chidambaram Ravi
- Biomembrane Lab, Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Excellence in Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620024, India
| | - Vasanthi Nachiappan
- Biomembrane Lab, Department of Biochemistry, Centre for Excellence in Life Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620024, India.
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Phosphatidylcholine as a metabolic cue for determining B cell fate and function. Cell Immunol 2016; 310:78-88. [PMID: 27502364 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In activated B cells, increased production of phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho), the most abundant cellular phospholipid, is handled primarily by the CDP-choline pathway. B cell-specific deletion of CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase α (CCTα), the rate-limiting enzyme in the CDP-choline pathway, led to augmented IgM secretion and reduced IgG production, suggesting that PtdCho synthesis is required for germinal center reactions. To specifically assess whether PtdCho influences B cell fate during germinal center responses, we examined immune responses in mice whereby PtdCho synthesis is disrupted in B cells that have undergone class switch recombination to IgG1 (referred to as either Cγ1wt/wt, Cγ1Cre/wt or Cγ1Cre/Cre based on Cre copy number). Serum IgG1 was markedly reduced in naïve Cγ1Cre/wt and Cγ1Cre/Cre mice, while levels of IgM and other IgG subclasses were similar between Cγ1Cre/wt and Cγ1wt/wt control mice. Serum IgG2b titers were notably reduced and IgG3 titers were increased in Cγ1Cre/Cre mice compared with controls. Following immunization with T cell-dependent antigen NP-KLH, control mice generated high titer IgG anti-NP while IgG anti-NP titers were markedly reduced in both immunized Cγ1Cre/wt and Cγ1Cre/Cre mice. Correspondingly, the frequency of NP-specific IgG antibody-secreting cells was also reduced in spleens and bone marrow of Cγ1Cre/wt and Cγ. 1Cre/Cre mice compared to control mice. Interestingly, though antigen-specific IgM B cells were comparable between Cγ1Cre/wt, Cγ1Cre/Cre and control mice, the frequency and number of IgG1 NP-specific B cells was reduced only in Cγ1Cre/Cre mice. These data indicate that PtdCho is required for the generation of both germinal center-derived B cells and antibody-secreting cells. Further, the reduction in class-switched ASC but not B cells in Cγ1Cre/wt mice suggests that ASC have a greater demand for PtdCho compared to germinal center B cells.
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Sanchez-Alvarez M, Zhang Q, Finger F, Wakelam MJO, Bakal C. Cell cycle progression is an essential regulatory component of phospholipid metabolism and membrane homeostasis. Open Biol 2016; 5:150093. [PMID: 26333836 PMCID: PMC4593667 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.150093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We show that phospholipid anabolism does not occur uniformly during the metazoan cell cycle. Transition to S-phase is required for optimal mobilization of lipid precursors, synthesis of specific phospholipid species and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis. Average changes observed in whole-cell phospholipid composition, and total ER lipid content, upon stimulation of cell growth can be explained by the cell cycle distribution of the population. TORC1 promotes phospholipid anabolism by slowing S/G2 progression. The cell cycle stage-specific nature of lipid biogenesis is dependent on p53. We propose that coupling lipid metabolism to cell cycle progression is a means by which cells have evolved to coordinate proliferation with cell and organelle growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Sanchez-Alvarez
- Division of Cancer Biology, Chester Beatty Laboratories, Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Qifeng Zhang
- Lipidomics Facility, Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Fabian Finger
- Division of Cancer Biology, Chester Beatty Laboratories, Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | | | - Chris Bakal
- Division of Cancer Biology, Chester Beatty Laboratories, Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
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Smith SR, Glé C, Abbriano RM, Traller JC, Davis A, Trentacoste E, Vernet M, Allen AE, Hildebrand M. Transcript level coordination of carbon pathways during silicon starvation-induced lipid accumulation in the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 210:890-904. [PMID: 26844818 PMCID: PMC5067629 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Diatoms are one of the most productive and successful photosynthetic taxa on Earth and possess attributes such as rapid growth rates and production of lipids, making them candidate sources of renewable fuels. Despite their significance, few details of the mechanisms used to regulate growth and carbon metabolism are currently known, hindering metabolic engineering approaches to enhance productivity. To characterize the transcript level component of metabolic regulation, genome-wide changes in transcript abundance were documented in the model diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana on a time-course of silicon starvation. Growth, cell cycle progression, chloroplast replication, fatty acid composition, pigmentation, and photosynthetic parameters were characterized alongside lipid accumulation. Extensive coordination of large suites of genes was observed, highlighting the existence of clusters of coregulated genes as a key feature of global gene regulation in T. pseudonana. The identity of key enzymes for carbon metabolic pathway inputs (photosynthesis) and outputs (growth and storage) reveals these clusters are organized to synchronize these processes. Coordinated transcript level responses to silicon starvation are probably driven by signals linked to cell cycle progression and shifts in photophysiology. A mechanistic understanding of how this is accomplished will aid efforts to engineer metabolism for development of algal-derived biofuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R. Smith
- Scripps Institution of OceanographyUC San Diego9500 Gilman DriveLa JollaCA92093USA
- J. Craig Venter Institute4120 Capricorn LaneLa JollaCA92037USA
| | - Corine Glé
- Scripps Institution of OceanographyUC San Diego9500 Gilman DriveLa JollaCA92093USA
| | - Raffaela M. Abbriano
- Scripps Institution of OceanographyUC San Diego9500 Gilman DriveLa JollaCA92093USA
| | - Jesse C. Traller
- Scripps Institution of OceanographyUC San Diego9500 Gilman DriveLa JollaCA92093USA
| | - Aubrey Davis
- Scripps Institution of OceanographyUC San Diego9500 Gilman DriveLa JollaCA92093USA
| | - Emily Trentacoste
- Scripps Institution of OceanographyUC San Diego9500 Gilman DriveLa JollaCA92093USA
| | - Maria Vernet
- Scripps Institution of OceanographyUC San Diego9500 Gilman DriveLa JollaCA92093USA
| | - Andrew E. Allen
- Scripps Institution of OceanographyUC San Diego9500 Gilman DriveLa JollaCA92093USA
- J. Craig Venter Institute4120 Capricorn LaneLa JollaCA92037USA
| | - Mark Hildebrand
- Scripps Institution of OceanographyUC San Diego9500 Gilman DriveLa JollaCA92093USA
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Pickens CA, Lane-Elliot A, Comstock SS, Fenton JI. Altered Saturated and Monounsaturated Plasma Phospholipid Fatty Acid Profiles in Adult Males with Colon Adenomas. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2016; 25:498-506. [PMID: 26721667 PMCID: PMC4779661 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-15-0696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered lipid metabolism and plasma fatty acid (FA) levels are associated with colorectal cancer. Obesity and elevated waist circumference (WC) increase the likelihood of developing precancerous colon adenomas. METHODS Venous blood was collected from 126 males, ages 48 to 65 years, who received routine colonoscopies. Plasma phospholipid (PPL) FAs were isolated, derivatized, and then analyzed using gas chromatography. ORs and 95% confidence intervals were determined using polytomous logistic regression after adjusting for confounding factors [i.e., age, smoking, WC, and body mass index (BMI)]. RESULTS PPL palmitic acid (PA) was inversely correlated with the presence of colon adenomas (P = 0.01). For each unit increase in palmitoleic acid (OR, 3.75; P = 0.04) or elaidic acid (OR, 2.92; P = 0.04), an individual was more likely to have adenomas relative to no colon polyps. Higher enzyme activity estimates (EAE) of stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD-1; P = 0.02) and elongation of very long chain fatty acids protein-6 (ELOVL-6; P = 0.03) were associated with an individual being approximately 1.5 times more likely to have an adenoma compared with no polyps. CONCLUSIONS PPL FAs and EAEs, which have previously been associated with colorectal cancer, are significantly different in those with adenomas when compared with those without polyps. PPL PA, elaidic acid, and SCD-1 and ELOVL-6 EAEs are associated with adenomas independent of BMI and WC. IMPACT PPL PA, elaidic acid, and SCD-1 and ELOVL-6 EAEs are associated with adenomas even after adjusting for obesity-related risk factors and may function as novel biomarkers of early colorectal cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Austin Pickens
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Ami Lane-Elliot
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Sarah S Comstock
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Jenifer I Fenton
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan.
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Essential role of docosahexaenoic acid towards development of a smarter brain. Neurochem Int 2015; 89:51-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2015.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Growth Conditions and Cell Cycle Phase Modulate Phase Transition Temperatures in RBL-2H3 Derived Plasma Membrane Vesicles. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137741. [PMID: 26368288 PMCID: PMC4569273 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Giant plasma membrane vesicle (GPMV) isolated from a flask of RBL-2H3 cells appear uniform at physiological temperatures and contain coexisting liquid-ordered and liquid-disordered phases at low temperatures. While a single GPMV transitions between these two states at a well-defined temperature, there is significant vesicle-to-vesicle heterogeneity in a single preparation of cells, and average transition temperatures can vary significantly between preparations. In this study, we explore how GPMV transition temperatures depend on growth conditions, and find that average transition temperatures are negatively correlated with average cell density over 15°C in transition temperature and nearly three orders of magnitude in average surface density. In addition, average transition temperatures are reduced by close to 10°C when GPMVs are isolated from cells starved of serum overnight, and elevated transition temperatures are restored when serum-starved cells are incubated in serum-containing media for 12 h. We also investigated variation in transition temperature of GPMVs isolated from cells synchronized at the G1/S border through a double Thymidine block and find that average transition temperatures are systematically higher in GPMVs produced from G1 or M phase cells than in GPMVs prepared from S or G1 phase cells. Reduced miscibility transition temperatures are also observed in GPMVs prepared from cells treated with TRAIL to induce apoptosis or sphingomyelinase, and in some cases a gel phase is observed at temperatures above the miscibility transition in these vesicles. We conclude that at least some variability in GPMV transition temperature arises from variation in the local density of cells and asynchrony of the cell cycle. It is hypothesized that GPMV transition temperatures are a proxy for the magnitude of lipid-mediated membrane heterogeneity in intact cell plasma membranes at growth temperatures. If so, these results suggest that cells tune their plasma membrane composition in order to control the magnitude of membrane heterogeneity in response to different growth conditions.
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Cornell RB, Ridgway ND. CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase: Function, regulation, and structure of an amphitropic enzyme required for membrane biogenesis. Prog Lipid Res 2015; 59:147-71. [PMID: 26165797 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase (CCT) catalyzes a rate-limiting and regulated step in the CDP-choline pathway for the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and PC-derived lipids. Control of CCT activity is multi-layered, and includes direct regulation by reversible membrane binding involving a built-in lipid compositional sensor. Thus CCT contributes to phospholipid compositional homeostasis. CCT also modifies the curvature of its target membrane. Knowledge of CCT structure and regulation of its catalytic function are relatively advanced compared to many lipid metabolic enzymes, and are reviewed in detail. Recently the genetic origins of two human developmental and lipogenesis disorders have been traced to mutations in the gene for CCTα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary B Cornell
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry and the Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, B.C. V5A-1S6, Canada.
| | - Neale D Ridgway
- Departments of Pediatrics, and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Atlantic Research Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H-4H7, Canada
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42
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Morphogenesis checkpoint kinase Swe1 is the executor of lipolysis-dependent cell-cycle progression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E1077-85. [PMID: 25713391 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1423175112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell growth and division requires the precise duplication of cellular DNA content but also of membranes and organelles. Knowledge about the cell-cycle-dependent regulation of membrane and storage lipid homeostasis is only rudimentary. Previous work from our laboratory has shown that the breakdown of triacylglycerols (TGs) is regulated in a cell-cycle-dependent manner, by activation of the Tgl4 lipase by the major cyclin-dependent kinase Cdc28. The lipases Tgl3 and Tgl4 are required for efficient cell-cycle progression during the G1/S (Gap1/replication phase) transition, at the onset of bud formation, and their absence leads to a cell-cycle delay. We now show that defective lipolysis activates the Swe1 morphogenesis checkpoint kinase that halts cell-cycle progression by phosphorylation of Cdc28 at tyrosine residue 19. Saturated long-chain fatty acids and phytosphingosine supplementation rescue the cell-cycle delay in the Tgl3/Tgl4 lipase-deficient strain, suggesting that Swe1 activity responds to imbalanced sphingolipid metabolism, in the absence of TG degradation. We propose a model by which TG-derived sphingolipids are required to activate the protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A(Cdc55)) to attenuate Swe1 phosphorylation and its inhibitory effect on Cdc28 at the G1/S transition of the cell cycle.
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43
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Chao YJ, Chang WH, Ting HC, Chao WT, Hsu YHH. Cell cycle arrest and cell survival induce reverse trends of cardiolipin remodeling. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113680. [PMID: 25422939 PMCID: PMC4244155 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell survival from the arrested state can be a cause of the cancer recurrence. Transition from the arrest state to the growth state is highly regulated by mitochondrial activity, which is related to the lipid compositions of the mitochondrial membrane. Cardiolipin is a critical phospholipid for the mitochondrial integrity and functions. We examined the changes of cardiolipin species by LC-MS in the transition between cell cycle arrest and cell reviving in HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells. We have identified 41 cardiolipin species by MS/MS and semi-quantitated them to analyze the detailed changes of cardiolipin species. The mass spectra of cardiolipin with the same carbon number form an envelope, and the C64, C66, C68, C70 C72 and C74 envelopes in HT1080 cells show a normal distribution in the full scan mass spectrum. The cardiolipin quantity in a cell decreases while entering the cell cycle arrest, but maintains at a similar level through cell survival. While cells awakening from the arrested state and preparing itself for replication, the groups with short acyl chains, such as C64, C66 and C68 show a decrease of cardiolipin percentage, but the groups with long acyl chains, such as C70 and C72 display an increase of cardiolipin percentage. Interestingly, the trends of the cardiolipin species changes during the arresting state are completely opposite to cell growing state. Our results indicate that the cardiolipin species shift from the short chain to long chain cardiolipin during the transition from cell cycle arrest to cell progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jen Chao
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Hsin Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Chi Ting
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Chao
- Department of Life Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Life Science Research Center, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Hao Howard Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Life Science Research Center, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Maldonado EN, Delgado I, Furland NE, Buqué X, Iglesias A, Aveldaño MI, Zubiaga A, Fresnedo O, Ochoa B. The E2F2 transcription factor sustains hepatic glycerophospholipid homeostasis in mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112620. [PMID: 25396754 PMCID: PMC4232400 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence links metabolic signals to cell proliferation, but the molecular wiring that connects the two core machineries remains largely unknown. E2Fs are master regulators of cellular proliferation. We have recently shown that E2F2 activity facilitates the completion of liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy (PH) by regulating the expression of genes required for S-phase entry. Our study also revealed that E2F2 determines the duration of hepatectomy-induced hepatic steatosis. A transcriptomic analysis of normal adult liver identified “lipid metabolism regulation” as a major E2F2 functional target, suggesting that E2F2 has a role in lipid homeostasis. Here we use wild-type (E2F2+/+) and E2F2 deficient (E2F2−/−) mice to investigate the in vivo role of E2F2 in the composition of liver lipids and fatty acids in two metabolically different contexts: quiescence and 48-h post-PH, when cellular proliferation and anabolic demands are maximal. We show that liver regeneration is accompanied by large triglyceride and protein increases without changes in total phospholipids both in E2F2+/+ and E2F2−/− mice. Remarkably, we found that the phenotype of quiescent liver tissue from E2F2−/− mice resembles the phenotype of proliferating E2F2+/+ liver tissue, characterized by a decreased phosphatidylcholine to phosphatidylethanolamine ratio and a reprogramming of genes involved in generation of choline and ethanolamine derivatives. The diversity of fatty acids in total lipid, triglycerides and phospholipids was essentially preserved on E2F2 loss both in proliferating and non-proliferating liver tissue, although notable exceptions in inflammation-related fatty acids of defined phospholipid classes were detected. Overall, our results indicate that E2F2 activity sustains the hepatic homeostasis of major membrane glycerolipid components while it is dispensable for storage glycerolipid balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo N. Maldonado
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas y Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Igotz Delgado
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
| | - Natalia E. Furland
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas y Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Xabier Buqué
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
| | - Ainhoa Iglesias
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
| | - Marta I. Aveldaño
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas y Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Ana Zubiaga
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
| | - Olatz Fresnedo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
| | - Begoña Ochoa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
- * E-mail:
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A CULLINary ride across the secretory pathway: more than just secretion. Trends Cell Biol 2014; 24:389-99. [PMID: 24630736 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mulitmeric cullin-RING ubiquitin ligases (CRLs) represent the largest class of ubiquitin ligases in eukaryotes. However, most CRL ubiquitylation pathways remain uncharacterized. CRLs control a myriad of functions by catalyzing mono- or poly-ubiquitylation of target proteins. Recently, novel CRLs have been identified along the secretory pathway where they modify substrates involved in diverse cellular processes such as vesicle coat assembly and cell cycle progression. This review discusses our current understanding of CRL ubiquitylation within the secretory pathway, with special emphasis on the emerging role of the Golgi as a ubiquitylation platform. CRLs are also implicated in endosome function, where their specific roles are less well understood.
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Scaglia N, Tyekucheva S, Zadra G, Photopoulos C, Loda M. De novo fatty acid synthesis at the mitotic exit is required to complete cellular division. Cell Cycle 2014; 13:859-68. [PMID: 24418822 DOI: 10.4161/cc.27767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the regulation of the cell cycle has been extensively studied, much less is known about its coordination with the cellular metabolism. Using mass spectrometry we found that lysophospholipid levels decreased drastically from G 2/M to G 1 phase, while de novo phosphatidylcholine synthesis, the main phospholipid in mammalian cells, increased, suggesting that enhanced membrane production was concomitant to a decrease in its turnover. In addition, fatty acid synthesis and incorporation into membranes was increased upon cell division. The rate-limiting reaction for de novo fatty acid synthesis is catalyzed by acetyl-CoA carboxylase. As expected, its inhibiting phosphorylation decreased prior to cytokinesis initiation. Importantly, the inhibition of fatty acid synthesis arrested the cells at G 2/M despite the presence of abundant fatty acids in the media. Our results suggest that de novo lipogenesis is essential for cell cycle completion. This "lipogenic checkpoint" at G 2/M may be therapeutically exploited for hyperproliferative diseases such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Scaglia
- Department of Medical Oncology; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA USA
| | - Svitlana Tyekucheva
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Boston, MA USA; Department of Biostatistics; Harvard School of Public Health; Boston, MA USA
| | - Giorgia Zadra
- Department of Medical Oncology; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA USA; Department of Pathology; Brigham and Women's Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA USA
| | - Cornelia Photopoulos
- Department of Medical Oncology; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA USA
| | - Massimo Loda
- Department of Medical Oncology; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA USA; Center for Molecular Oncologic Pathology; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA USA; Department of Pathology; Brigham and Women's Hospital; Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA USA; The Broad Institute; Cambridge, MA USA; Division of Cancer Studies; King's College London; London, UK
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47
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Dimitrova P, Kalden JR, Schulze-Koops H. Leflunomide: an immunosuppressive drug with multiple effects on T cell function. Mod Rheumatol 2014; 12:195-200. [DOI: 10.3109/s101650200034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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48
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Shulga YV, Loukov D, Ivanova PT, Milne SB, Myers DS, Hatch GM, Umeh G, Jalan D, Fullerton MD, Steinberg GR, Topham MK, Brown HA, Epand RM. Diacylglycerol kinase delta promotes lipogenesis. Biochemistry 2013; 52:7766-76. [PMID: 24090246 DOI: 10.1021/bi401178y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the relationship between diacylglycerol kinase delta (DGKδ) and lipogenesis. There is a marked increase in the expression of DGKδ during the differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells to adipocytes, as well as in the synthesis of neutral and polar lipids. When 3T3-L1 undifferentiated fibroblasts are transfected to express DGKδ, there is increased triglyceride synthesis without differentiation to adipocytes. Hence, expression of DGKδ promotes lipogenesis. Lipid synthesis is decreased in DGKδ knockout mouse embryo fibroblasts, especially for lipids with shorter acyl chains and limited unsaturation. This reduction occurs for both neutral and polar lipids. These findings suggest reduced de novo lipid synthesis. This is confirmed by measuring the incorporation of glycerol into polar and neutral lipids, which is higher in the wild type cells than in the DGKδ knockouts. In comparison, there was no change in lipid synthesis in DGKε knockout mouse embryo fibroblasts. We also demonstrate that the DGKδ knockout cells had a lower expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthase as well as a lower degree of activation by phosphorylation of ATP citrate lyase. These three enzymes are involved in the synthesis of long chain fatty acids. Our results demonstrate that DGKδ markedly increases lipid synthesis, at least in part as a result of promoting the de novo synthesis of fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia V Shulga
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences and †Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University , Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
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49
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Jang MY, Chun SI, Mun CW, Hong KS, Shin JW. Evaluation of metabolomic changes as a biomarker of chondrogenic differentiation in 3D-cultured human mesenchymal stem cells using proton (1H) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78325. [PMID: 24205199 PMCID: PMC3804484 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the metabolomic changes in 3D-cultured human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in alginate beads, so as to identify biomarkers during chondrogenesis using (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. MATERIALS AND METHODS hMSCs (2×10(6) cells/mL) were seeded into alginate beads, and chondrogenesis was allowed to progress for 15 days. NMR spectra of the chondrogenic hMSCs were obtained at 4, 7, 11, and 15 days using a 14.1-T (600-MHz) NMR with the water suppression sequence, zgpr. Real-Time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to confirm that that the hMSCs differentiated into chondrocytes and to analyze the metabolomic changes indicated by the NMR spectra. RESULTS During chondrogenesis, changes were detected in several metabolomes as hMSC chondrogenesis biomarkers, e.g., fatty acids, alanine, glutamate, and phosphocholine. The metabolomic changes were compared with the Real-Time PCR results, and significant differences were determined using statistical analysis. We found that changes in metabolomes were closely related to biological reactions that occurred during the chondrogenesis of hMSCs. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we confirm that metabolomic changes detected by (1)H-NMR spectroscopy during chondrogenic differentiation of 3D-cultured hMSCs in alginate beads can be considered as biomarkers of stem cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moo-Young Jang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering/UHRC, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeongnam, South Korea
| | - Song-I Chun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering/UHRC, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeongnam, South Korea
| | - Chi-Woong Mun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering/UHRC, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeongnam, South Korea
- Graduate School of Health Science and Technology, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeongnam, South Korea
| | - Kwan Soo Hong
- Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Chungbuk, South Korea
| | - Jung-Woog Shin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering/UHRC, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeongnam, South Korea
- Graduate School of Health Science and Technology, Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeongnam, South Korea
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50
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Morton CC, Aitchison AJ, Gehrig K, Ridgway ND. A mechanism for suppression of the CDP-choline pathway during apoptosis. J Lipid Res 2013; 54:3373-84. [PMID: 24136823 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m041434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of the CDP-choline pathway during apoptosis restricts the availability of phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) for assembly of membranes and synthesis of signaling factors. The N-terminal nuclear localization signal (NLS) in CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase (CCT)α is removed during apoptosis but the caspase(s) involved and the contribution to suppression of the CDP-choline pathway is unresolved. In this study we utilized siRNA silencing of caspases in HEK293 cells and caspase 3-deficient MCF7 cells to show that caspase 3 is required for CCTα proteolysis and release from the nucleus during apoptosis. CCTα-Δ28 (a caspase-cleaved mimic) expressed in CCTα-deficient Chinese hamster ovary cells was cytosolic and had increased in vitro activity. However, [³H]choline labeling experiments in camptothecin-treated MCF7 cells and MCF7 cells expressing caspase 3 (MCF7-C3) revealed a global suppression of the CDP-choline pathway that was consistent with inhibition of a step prior to CCTα. In camptothecin-treated MCF7 and MCF7-C3 cells, choline kinase activity was unaffected; however, choline transport into cells was reduced by 30 and 60%, respectively. We conclude that caspase 3-mediated removal of the CCTα NLS contributes minimally to the inhibition of PtdCho synthesis during DNA damage-induced apoptosis. Rather, the CDP-choline pathway is inhibited by caspase 3-independent and -dependent suppression of choline transport into cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig C Morton
- Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Atlantic Research Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4R2
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