1
|
TNS1: Emerging Insights into Its Domain Function, Biological Roles, and Tumors. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11111571. [PMID: 36358270 PMCID: PMC9687257 DOI: 10.3390/biology11111571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Tensins are a family of cellular-adhesion constituents that have been extensively studied. They have instrumental roles in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases. The mammalian tensin family comprises four members: tensin1 (TNS1), tensin2, tensin3, and tensin4. Among them, TNS1 has recently received attention from researchers because of its structural properties. TNS1 engages in various biological processes, such as cell adhesion, polarization, migration, invasion, proliferation, apoptosis, and mechano-transduction, by interacting with various partner proteins. Moreover, the abnormal expression of TNS1 in vivo is associated with the development of various diseases, especially tumors. Interestingly, the role of TNS1 in different tumors is still controversial. Here, we systematically summarize three aspects of TNS1: the gene structure, the biological processes underlying its action, and the dual regulatory role of TNS1 in different tumors through different mechanisms, of which we provide the first overview.
Collapse
|
2
|
Liao YC, Lo SH. Tensins - emerging insights into their domain functions, biological roles and disease relevance. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs254029. [PMID: 33597154 PMCID: PMC10660079 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.254029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tensins are a family of focal adhesion proteins consisting of four members in mammals (TNS1, TNS2, TNS3 and TNS4). Their multiple domains and activities contribute to the molecular linkage between the extracellular matrix and cytoskeletal networks, as well as mediating signal transduction pathways, leading to a variety of physiological processes, including cell proliferation, attachment, migration and mechanical sensing in a cell. Tensins are required for maintaining normal tissue structures and functions, especially in the kidney and heart, as well as in muscle regeneration, in animals. This Review discusses our current understanding of the domain functions and biological roles of tensins in cells and mice, as well as highlighting their relevance to human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chun Liao
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Su Hao Lo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
The SSC15 QTL-Rich Region Mutations Affecting Intramuscular Fat and Production Traits in Pigs. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2020-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
One of the more interesting regions in the pig genome is on chromosome 15 (115,800,000-122,100,000, SSC15, Sus scrofa 11.1) that has high quantitative trait locus (QTL) density associated with fattening, slaughter and meat quality characteristics. The SSC15 region encodes over 80 genes and a few miRNA sequences where potential genetic markers can be found. The goal of the study was to evaluate the effects of SSC15 mutations associated with villin 1 (VIL1), tensin 1 (TNS1), obscurin-like 1 (OBSL1) genes and with one long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) on productive pig traits and to enrich the genetic marker pool in further selection purpose. The potential genetic markers were identified using the targeted enrichment DNA sequencing (TEDNA-seq) of chromosome 15 region. The selected mutations were genotyped by using HRM, PCR and PCRRFLP methods. The association study was performed using the general linear model (GLM) in the sas program that included over 600 pigs of 5 Polish populations. The rs332253419 VIL1 mutation shows a significant effect on intramuscular fat (IMF) content in Duroc population where AA pigs had a 16% higher level than heterozygotes. The IMF content is also affected by the OBSL1 mutation, and the differences between groups are even up to 30%, but it is strongly dependent on breed factor. The OBSL1 mutation also significantly influences the meat yellowness, backfat thickness and pH level. The performed study delivers valuable information that could be highly useful during the development of the high-throughput genotyping method for further selection purposes in pigs. The OBSL1 and VIL1 mutations seem to be the most promising DNA marker showing a high effect on IMF level.
Collapse
|
4
|
Tensin-3 Regulates Integrin-Mediated Proliferation and Differentiation of Tonsil-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Cells 2019; 9:cells9010089. [PMID: 31905841 PMCID: PMC7017379 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human palatine tonsils are potential tissue source of multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The proliferation rate of palatine tonsil-derived MSCs (TMSCs) is far higher than that of bone marrow-derived MSCs (BMSCs) or adipose tissue-derived MSCs (ADSCs). In our previous study, we had found through DNA microarray analysis that tensin-3 (TNS3), a type of focal adhesion protein, was more highly expressed in TMSCs than in both BMSCs and ADSCs. Here, the role of TNS3 in TMSCs and its relationship with integrin were investigated. TNS3 expression was significantly elevated in TMSCs than in other cell types. Cell growth curves revealed a significant decrease in the proliferation and migration of TMSCs treated with siRNA for TNS3 (siTNS3). siTNS3 treatment upregulated p16 and p21 levels and downregulated SOX2 expression and focal adhesion kinase, protein kinase B, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase phosphorylation. siTNS3 transfection significantly reduced adipogenic differentiation of TMSCs and slightly decreased osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation. Furthermore, TNS3 inhibition reduced active integrin beta-1 (ITGβ1) expression, while total ITGβ1 expression was not affected. Inhibition of ITGβ1 expression in TMSCs by siRNA showed similar results observed in TNS3 inhibition. Thus, TNS3 may play an important role in TMSC proliferation and differentiation by regulating active ITGβ1 expression.
Collapse
|
5
|
Abstract
The Src Homology 2 (SH2) domain is the prototypical protein interaction module that lies at the heart of phosphotyrosine signaling. Since its serendipitous discovery, there has been a tremendous advancement in technologies and an array of techniques available for studying SH2 domains and phosphotyrosine signaling. In this chapter, we provide a glimpse of the history of SH2 domains and describe many of the tools and techniques that have been developed along the way and discuss future directions for SH2 domain studies. We highlight the gist of each chapter in this volume in the context of: the structural biology and phosphotyrosine binding; characterizing SH2 specificity and generating prediction models; systems biology and proteomics; SH2 domains in signal transduction; and SH2 domains in disease, diagnostics, and therapeutics. Many of the individual chapters provide an in-depth approach that will allow scientists to interrogate the function and role of SH2 domains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernard A Liu
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 415 Main St., 5175 JJ, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
| | - Kazuya Machida
- Raymond and Beverly Sackler Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 400 Farmington Ave., Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhao Z, Tan SH, Machiyama H, Kawauchi K, Araki K, Hirata H, Sawada Y. Association between tensin 1 and p130Cas at focal adhesions links actin inward flux to cell migration. Biol Open 2016; 5:499-506. [PMID: 27029899 PMCID: PMC4890666 DOI: 10.1242/bio.016428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell migration is a highly dynamic process that plays pivotal roles in both physiological and pathological processes. We have previously reported that p130Cas supports cell migration through the binding to Src as well as phosphorylation-dependent association with actin retrograde flow at focal adhesions. However, it remains elusive how phosphorylated Cas interacts with actin cytoskeletons. We observe that the actin-binding protein, tensin 1, co-localizes with Cas, but not with its phosphorylation-defective mutant, at focal adhesions in leading regions of migrating cells. While a truncation mutant of tensin 1 that lacks the phosphotyrosine-binding PTB and SH2 domains (tensin 1-SH2PTB) poorly co-localizes or co-immunoprecitates with Cas, bacterially expressed recombinant tensin 1-SH2PTB protein binds to Casin vitroin a Cas phosphorylation-dependent manner. Furthermore, exogenous expression of tensin 1-SH2PTB, which is devoid of the actin-interacting motifs, interferes with the Cas-driven cell migration, slows down the inward flux of Cas molecules, and impedes the displacement of Cas molecules from focal adhesions. Taken together, our results show that tensin 1 links inwardly moving actin cytoskeletons to phosphorylated Cas at focal adhesions, thereby driving cell migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihai Zhao
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, 117411, Singapore Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, 117543, Singapore
| | - Song Hui Tan
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, 117411, Singapore Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Block EA, #03-12, 117575, Singapore
| | - Hiroaki Machiyama
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, 117411, Singapore
| | - Keiko Kawauchi
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, 117411, Singapore
| | - Keigo Araki
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, 117411, Singapore
| | - Hiroaki Hirata
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, 117411, Singapore
| | - Yasuhiro Sawada
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, 117411, Singapore Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, 117543, Singapore Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Block EA, #03-12, 117575, Singapore Department of Rehabilitation for the Movement Functions, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons with Disabilities, 4-1 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8555, Japan Laboratory for Mechanical Medicine, Locomotive Syndrome Research Institute, Nadogaya Hospital, 687-4 Nadogaya, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0032, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Haynie DT. Molecular physiology of the tensin brotherhood of integrin adaptor proteins. Proteins 2014; 82:1113-27. [PMID: 24634006 DOI: 10.1002/prot.24560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Numerous proteins have been identified as constituents of the adhesome, the totality of molecular components in the supramolecular assemblies known as focal adhesions, fibrillar adhesions and other kinds of adhesive contact. The transmembrane receptor proteins called integrins are pivotal adhesome members, providing a physical link between the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the actin cytoskeleton. Tensins are ever more widely investigated intracellular adhesome constituents. Involved in cell attachment and migration, cytoskeleton reorganization, signal transduction and other processes relevant to cancer research, tensins have recently been linked to functional properties of deleted in liver cancer 1 (DLC1) and a mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), to cell migration in breast cancer, and to metastasis suppression in the kidney. Tensins are close relatives of phosphatase homolog/tensin homolog (PTEN), an extensively studied tumor suppressor. Such findings are recasting the earlier vision of tensin (TNS) as an actin-filament (F-actin) capping protein in a different light. This critical review aims to summarize current knowledge on tensins and thus to highlight key points concerning the expression, structure, function, and evolution of the various members of the TNS brotherhood. Insight is sought by comparisons with homologous proteins. Some historical points are added for perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donald T Haynie
- Department of Physics, Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory and Center for Integrated Functional Materials, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, 33620
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hong SY, Shih YP, Li T, Carraway KL, Lo SH. CTEN prolongs signaling by EGFR through reducing its ligand-induced degradation. Cancer Res 2013; 73:5266-76. [PMID: 23774213 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-4441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Activation of EGF receptor (EGFR) triggers signaling pathways regulating various cellular events that contribute to tissue development and function. Aberrant activation of EGFR contributes to tumor progression as well as therapeutic resistance in patients with cancer. C-terminal tensin-like (CTEN; TNS4) is a focal adhesion molecule that is a member of the tensin family. Its expression is upregulated by EGF and elevated CTEN mediates EGF-induced cell migration. In the presence of CTEN, we found that EGF treatment elevated the level of EGFR protein but not mRNA. The extended half-life of activated EGFR sustained its signaling cascades. CTEN reduced ligand-induced EGFR degradation by binding to the E3 ubiquitin ligase c-Cbl and decreasing the ubiquitination of EGFR. The Src homology 2 domain of CTEN is not only required for binding to the phosphorylated tyrosine residue at codon 774 of c-Cbl, but is also essential for the tumorigenicity observed in the presence of CTEN. Public database analyses indicated that CTEN mRNA levels are elevated in breast, colon, lung, and pancreas cancers, but not correlated with EGFR mRNA levels in these cancers. In contrast, immunohistochemistry analyses of lung cancer specimens showed that CTEN and EGFR protein levels were positively associated, in support of our finding that CTEN regulates EGFR protein levels through a posttranslational mechanism. Overall, this work defines a function for CTEN in prolonging signaling from EGFR by reducing its ligand-induced degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiao-Ya Hong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chen L, Liu C, Rui F, Zhu G. 1H, 15N and 13C chemical shift assignments of the SH2 domain of human tensin2 (TENC1). BIOMOLECULAR NMR ASSIGNMENTS 2011; 5:211-214. [PMID: 21461930 DOI: 10.1007/s12104-011-9302-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 03/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Tensin is an important cytoplasmic phosphoprotein localized to integrin-mediated focal adhesion. It links actin cytoskeleton to extracellular matrix through its N-terminal actin-binding domain and C-terminal phosphotyrosine-binding domain. Studies of knockout mice revealed the critical roles of tensin in skeletal muscle regeneration, renal function and regulation of cell migration. The SH2 domain of tensin interacts with various tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins thus functions as a platform for dis/assembly of signaling molecules. It has also been implicated in recruiting a tumor supperssor protein DLC1 (deleted in live cancer 1) to the focal adhesion, which is required for oncogenic inhibition effect of DLC1 in a phosphotyrosine-independent manner. Here, we report complete chemical shift assignments of the SH2 domain of human tensin2 determined by triple resonance experiments. The resonance assignments serve as a basis for our further functional studies and structure determination by NMR spectroscopy. (BMRB deposits with accession number 16472).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Chen
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hall EH, Balsbaugh JL, Rose KL, Shabanowitz J, Hunt DF, Brautigan DL. Comprehensive analysis of phosphorylation sites in Tensin1 reveals regulation by p38MAPK. Mol Cell Proteomics 2010; 9:2853-63. [PMID: 20798394 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m110.003665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Tensin1 is the archetype of a family of focal adhesion proteins. Tensin1 has a phosphotyrosine binding domain that binds the cytoplasmic tail of β-integrin, a Src homology 2 domain that binds focal adhesion kinase, p130Cas, and the RhoGAP called deleted in liver cancer-1, a phosphatase and tensin homology domain that binds protein phosphatase-1α and other regions that bind F-actin. The association between tensin1 and these partners affects cell polarization, migration, and invasion. In this study we analyzed the phosphorylation of human S-tag-tensin1 expressed in HEK293 cells by mass spectrometry. Peptides covering >90% of the sequence initially revealed 50 phosphorylated serine/phosphorylated threonine (pSer/pThr) but no phosphorylated tyrosine (pTyr) sites. Addition of peroxyvanadate to cells to inhibit protein tyrosine phosphatases exposed 10 pTyr sites and addition of calyculin A to cells to inhibit protein phosphatases type 1 and 2A gave a total of 62 pSer/pThr sites. We also characterized two sites modified by O-linked N-acetylglucosamine. Tensin1 F302A, which does not bind protein phosphatase-1, showed > twofold enhanced phosphorylation of seven sites. The majority of pSer/pThr have adjacent proline (Pro) residues and we show endogenous p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) associated with and phosphorylated tensin1 in an in vitro kinase assay. Recombinant p38α MAPK also phosphorylated S-tag-tensin1, resulting in decreased binding with deleted in liver cancer-1. Activation of p38 MAPK in cells by sorbitol-induced hyperosmotic stress increased phosphorylation of S-tag-tensin1, which reduced binding to deleted in liver cancer-1 and increased binding to endogenous pTyr proteins, including p130Cas and focal adhesion kinase. These data demonstrate that tensin1 is extensively phosphorylated on Ser/Thr residues in cells and phosphorylation by p38 MAPK regulates the specificity of the tensin1 Src homology 2 domain for binding to different proteins. Tensin1 provides a hub for connecting signaling pathways involving p38 MAP kinase, tyrosine kinases and RhoGTPases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily H Hall
- Center for Cell Signaling, University of Virginia, 1400 Jefferson Park Ave, P.O. Box 800577-MSB7125, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Clark K, Howe JD, Pullar CE, Green JA, Artym VV, Yamada KM, Critchley DR. Tensin 2 modulates cell contractility in 3D collagen gels through the RhoGAP DLC1. J Cell Biochem 2010; 109:808-17. [PMID: 20069572 PMCID: PMC3164319 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.22460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cytoskeletal proteins of the tensin family couple integrins to the actin cytoskeleton. They are found in both focal adhesions and the fibrillar adhesions formed between cells and the fibronectin matrix. There are four tensin genes which encode three large (approximately 200 kDa) tensin isoforms (tensin 1, 2, 3) and one short isoform (cten). However, the subcellular localization and function of the individual isoforms is poorly understood. Using human foreskin fibroblasts (HFFs), and imaging on both fixed and live cells, we show that GFP-tensin 2 is enriched in dynamic focal adhesions at the leading edge of the cell, whereas GFP-tensin 3 translocates rearward, and is enriched in fibrillar adhesions. To investigate the possible role of tensins in cell-matrix remodeling, we used siRNAs to knockdown each tensin isoform. We discovered that tensin 2 knockdown significantly reduced the ability of HFFs to contract 3D collagen gels, whilst no effect on fibronectin fibrillogenesis was observed. This inhibition of collagen gel contraction was associated with a substantial reduction in Rho activity, and it was reversed by depletion of DLC1, a RhoGAP that binds to tensin in focal adhesions. These findings suggest that focal adhesion-localized tensin 2 negatively regulates DLC1 to permit Rho-mediated actomyosin contraction and remodeling of collagen fibers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Clark
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 9HN UK
- Department of Cell Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 9HN UK
| | - Jonathan D. Howe
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 9HN UK
| | - Christine E. Pullar
- Department of Cell Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 9HN UK
| | - J. Angelo Green
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Vira V. Artym
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical School, Washington, DC 20057 USA
| | - Kenneth M. Yamada
- Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, NIDCR, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - David R. Critchley
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 9HN UK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Legate KR, Fässler R. Mechanisms that regulate adaptor binding to beta-integrin cytoplasmic tails. J Cell Sci 2009; 122:187-98. [PMID: 19118211 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.041624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells recognize and respond to their extracellular environment through transmembrane receptors such as integrins, which physically connect the extracellular matrix to the cytoskeleton. Integrins provide the basis for the assembly of intracellular signaling platforms that link to the cytoskeleton and influence nearly every aspect of cell physiology; however, integrins possess no enzymatic or actin-binding activity of their own and thus rely on adaptor molecules, which bind to the short cytoplasmic tails of integrins, to mediate and regulate these functions. Many adaptors compete for relatively few binding sites on integrin tails, so regulatory mechanisms have evolved to reversibly control the spatial and temporal binding of specific adaptors. This Commentary discusses the adaptor proteins that bind directly to the tails of beta integrins and, using talin, tensin, filamin, 14-3-3 and integrin-linked kinase (ILK) as examples, describes the ways in which their binding is regulated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle R Legate
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sakashita K, Mimori K, Tanaka F, Kamohara Y, Inoue H, Sawada T, Hirakawa K, Mori M. Prognostic Relevance of Tensin4 Expression in Human Gastric Cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2008; 15:2606-13. [DOI: 10.1245/s10434-008-9989-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2008] [Revised: 05/09/2008] [Accepted: 05/09/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
14
|
Zhang Y, Zhou S, Wavreille AS, DeWille J, Pei D. Cyclic peptidyl inhibitors of Grb2 and tensin SH2 domains identified from combinatorial libraries. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 10:247-55. [PMID: 18257540 DOI: 10.1021/cc700185g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic peptides provide attractive lead compounds for drug discovery and excellent molecular probes in biomedical research. In this work, a novel method has been developed for the high-throughput synthesis, screening, and identification of cyclic peptidyl ligands against macromolecular targets. Support-bound cyclic phosphotyrosyl peptide libraries containing randomized amino acid sequences and different ring sizes (theoretical diversity of 3.2 x 10(6)) were synthesized and screened against the SH2 domains of Grb2 and tensin. Potent, selective inhibitors were identified from the libraries and were generally more effective than the corresponding linear peptides. One of the inhibitors selected against the Grb2 SH2 domain inhibited human breast cancer cell growth and disrupted actin filaments. This method should be applicable to the development of cyclic peptidyl inhibitors against other protein domains, enzymes, and receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Ohio State Biochemistry Program, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Leone M, Yu EC, Liddington RC, Pasquale EB, Pellecchia M. The PTB domain of tensin: NMR solution structure and phosphoinositides binding studies. Biopolymers 2008; 89:86-92. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.20862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
16
|
McCleverty CJ, Lin DC, Liddington RC. Structure of the PTB domain of tensin1 and a model for its recruitment to fibrillar adhesions. Protein Sci 2007; 16:1223-9. [PMID: 17473008 PMCID: PMC2206669 DOI: 10.1110/ps.072798707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Tensin is a cytoskeletal protein that links integrins to the actin cytoskeleton at sites of cell-matrix adhesion. Here we describe the crystal structure of the phosphotyrosine-binding (PTB) domain of tensin1, and show that it binds integrins in an NPxY-dependent fashion. Alanine mutagenesis of both the PTB domain and integrin tails supports a model of integrin binding similar to that of the PTB-like domain of talin. However, we also show that phosphorylation of the NPxY tyrosine, which disrupts talin binding, has a negligible effect on tensin binding. This suggests that tyrosine phosphorylation of integrin, which occurs during the maturation of focal adhesions, could act as a switch to promote the migration of tensin-integrin complexes into fibronectin-mediated fibrillar adhesions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clare J McCleverty
- Cancer Center, Burnham Institute for Medical Research, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
Identifying associated partners is critical to understanding the potential function and upstream and downstream pathways of the molecule being studied. The Src homology 2 (SH2) domain is a binding module for peptides containing a phosphotyrosine residue, which is a post-translational modification that is heavily involved in signal transduction. A paper in this issue shows how "reverse interactomics" can be exploited to identify binding partners of the SH2 domain of tensin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su Hao Lo
- Lawrence Ellison Center for Tissue Regeneration and Repair, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cancer Center, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, California 95817, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
Many protein-protein interactions are mediated by small modular domains, which recognize short peptide motifs in their partner proteins. However, for the great majority of these domains, the identity of their partner proteins remains unknown. In this work, a chemical/bioinformatics approach has been developed to identify phosphotyrosyl (pY) proteins that bind to tensin, a protein involved in the formation of actin cytoskeleton and signal transduction. A pY peptide library was chemically synthesized and screened against the Src homology 2 (SH2) domain of tensin to identify the peptide motifs that bind to the SH2 domain. Next, protein databases were searched for proteins containing the SH2 domain-binding peptide motifs. Finally, the potential tensin-binding proteins were confirmed (or disproved) by in vitro pull-down and coimmunoprecipitation assays. This procedure identified phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1 and downstream of tyrosine kinase 2 as novel tensin-binding proteins. In addition, a cell-permeable pY peptide was designed as tensin SH2 domain inhibitor, which caused the disruption of actin filaments in NIH 3T3 cells. This method should be generally applicable to other modular domains that recognize small peptide motifs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie Wavreille
- Department of Chemistry and Ohio State Biochemistry Program, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Yam JWP, Ko FCF, Chan CY, Yau TO, Tung EKK, Leung THY, Jin DY, Ng IOL. Tensin2 variant 3 is associated with aggressive tumor behavior in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 2006; 44:881-90. [PMID: 17006924 DOI: 10.1002/hep.21339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Tensins are a new family of proteins that act as an important link among extracellular matrix, actin cytoskeleton, and signal transduction and have been implicated in human cancers. Tensin2 was initially identified in a search for new tensin family members that share extensive sequence homology with tensin1. Tensin2 was highly expressed in liver tissues. A recent study reported that one of the splicing variants of tensin2, variant 3, promotes cell migration. In the present study, we aimed to elucidate the role of variant 3 in hepatocarcinogenesis by assessing the expression of variant 3 mRNA in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissue and ectopically expressing variant 3 in HCC cell lines. Analysis of variant 3 expression in human HCC tissue revealed it was overexpressed in 46% (23/50) of tumor tissues as compared with the corresponding nontumorous livers. High expression of variant 3 was significantly associated with venous invasion (P = .037), tumor microsatellite formation (P = .022), and tumor nonencapsulation (P = .049). Our ectopic expression study showed that variant 3 significantly promoted the cell growth and motility of HCC cells. The clonal transfectants of variant 3 were more closely packed and resulted in a higher saturation density than in the control vector transfectants. Variant 3 expression also enhanced the proliferation rate in culture and in vivo tumorigenicity in nude mice. In conclusion, we reveal a novel role for variant 3 in the progression of HCC and suggest the feasibility of elevated variant 3 expression as a tumor progression marker for HCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judy Wai Ping Yam
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Korsnes MS, Hetland DL, Espenes A, Aune T. Cleavage of tensin during cytoskeleton disruption in YTX-induced apoptosis. Toxicol In Vitro 2006; 21:9-15. [PMID: 16962284 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2006.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2006] [Revised: 07/13/2006] [Accepted: 07/17/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Yessotoxin (YTX) is a marine algal toxin previously shown to induce apoptosis in L6 and BC3H1 myoblast cell lines. Disassembly of the F-actin cytoskeleton and cleavage of tensin, a cytoskeletal protein localised at the focal adhesion contacts, appear during this apoptotic process. Tensin binds to actin filaments at the focal adhesion contacts and it links the actin cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix (ECM). This binding occurs via integrin receptors and it makes tensin a potential link between the actin cytoskeleton and signal transduction. This study evaluates disruption in the F-actin cytoskeleton and change of tensin in myoblast cell lines exposed to 100 nM YTX up to 72 h. YTX treatment cleaves tensin and makes it translocate to the cell centre. Tensin has normally a role in the maintenance of cell shape and YTX-treatment may therefore alter the shape of the cells. YTX exposure also induces formation of lamellas associated with pseudopodia. Alternative linkages and cytoskeletal proteins anchoring the actin filaments to focal contacts remain to be identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Suárez Korsnes
- The Norwegian School of Veterinary Science, P.O. Box 8146, Dep. No. 0033, Food Safety and Infection Biology Department, Ullevaalsveien 72, Oslo, Norway.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhu H, Mitsuhashi N, Klein A, Barsky LW, Weinberg K, Barr ML, Demetriou A, Wu GD. The role of the hyaluronan receptor CD44 in mesenchymal stem cell migration in the extracellular matrix. Stem Cells 2005; 24:928-35. [PMID: 16306150 DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.2005-0186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In a previous investigation, we demonstrated that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) actively migrated to cardiac allografts and contributed to graft fibrosis and, to a lesser extent, to myocardial regeneration. The cellular/molecular mechanism responsible for MSC migration, however, is poorly understood. This paper examines the role of CD44-hyaluronan interaction in MSC migration, using a rat MSC line Ap8c3 and mouse CD44-/- or CD44+/+ bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) stimulation of MSC Ap8c3 cells significantly increased the levels of cell surface CD44 detected by flow cytometry. The CD44 standard isoform was predominantly expressed by Ap8c3 cells, accounting for 90% of the CD44 mRNA determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Mouse CD44-/- BMSCs bonded inefficiently to hyaluronic acid (HA), whereas CD44+/+ BMSC and MSC Ap8c3 adhered strongly to HA. Adhesions of MSC Ap8c3 cells to HA were suppressed by anti-CD44 antibody and by CD44 small interfering RNA (siRNA). HA coating of the migration chamber significantly promoted passage of CD44+/+ BMSC or Ap8c3 cells, but not CD44-/- BMSCs, through the insert membranes (p < .01). Migration of MSC Ap8c3 was significantly inhibited by anti-CD44 antibodies (p < .01) and to a lesser extent by CD44 siRNA (p = .05). The data indicate that MSC Ap8c3 cells, in response to PDGF stimulation, express high levels of CD44 standard (CD44s) isoform, which facilitates cell migration through interaction with extracellular HA. Such a migratory mechanism could be critical for recruitment of MSCs into wound sites for the proposition of tissue regeneration, as well as for migration of fibroblast progenitors to allografts in the development of graft fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhu
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles, California 90048, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chiang MK, Liao YC, Kuwabara Y, Lo SH. Inactivation of tensin3 in mice results in growth retardation and postnatal lethality. Dev Biol 2005; 279:368-77. [PMID: 15733665 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2004.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2004] [Revised: 12/15/2004] [Accepted: 12/21/2004] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Tensin family is a group of focal adhesion proteins that interact with integrins, actin, and phosphotyrosine-containing proteins. To explore the in vivo functions of a new member of the family, tensin3, we have generated mutant mice with a disrupted tensin3 gene. Inactivation of tensin3 resulted in growth retardation and postnatal lethality in one third of the homozygous mutants. Histological analysis of those mutants showed incomplete development of the small intestine, lung, and bone. Villus formation in the small intestine was affected and cells migrated slower in the runt mutants. Their lungs also displayed enlarged air space suggesting defects in alveogenesis. In addition, the resting zone was thicker and fewer proliferating cells were present in the growth plates of tensin3(-/-) tibiae. These observations indicate that tensin3 is essential for normal development and functions of the small intestine, lung, and bone. These phenotypes of the runt tensin3(-/-) mice are similar to some clinical features of Silver-Russell syndrome (SRS) which is a genetically inherited defect. About 10% of SRS cases have been linked to abnormality in chromosome 7p11.2-13, where human tensin3 gene is located, suggesting a potential link between tensin3 and SRS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ko Chiang
- Center for Tissue Regeneration and Repair, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California-Davis, 4635 Second Avenue, Room 2000, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Rodrigue CM, Porteu F, Navarro N, Bruyneel E, Bracke M, Romeo PH, Gespach C, Garel MC. The cancer chemopreventive agent resveratrol induces tensin, a cell–matrix adhesion protein with signaling and antitumor activities. Oncogene 2005; 24:3274-84. [PMID: 15735708 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1208485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
During a search to identify resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene, RV) target genes in the human erythroleukemic K562 cell line, we show here that the tensin gene and protein levels are remarkably induced by this dietary polyphenol. Tensin, a cell-matrix adhesion protein binding the integrins and cytoskeletal actin filaments also interacts with PI3-kinase and JNK signaling pathways. Tensin induction by RV is associated with increased K562 cell adhesion to fibronectin, cell spreading and actin polymerization. The same responses were observed in the tensin-deficient MCF7 human breast cancer cell line. In K562 and MCF7 cells treated by RV, tensin was found in punctate and intracytoplasmic areas. In MCF7 epithelial cells, induction of tensin is not exclusively associated with plasma membrane-bound vinculin, suggesting a dual localization of tensin in both focal and fibrillar adhesions. Pharmacological blockade of PI3-kinase and Rho GTPases/Rho-kinase resulted in selective depletion of focal adhesions, disorganization of tensin localization and disruption of stress fibers. RV increased cell motility and attachment to fibronectin in MCF7 cells submitted to mechanical laminar flow stress, and abrogated estrogen-induced MCF7 cancer cell invasion. Our data support the conclusion that induction of tensin by RV contributes to the chemopreventive and anti-invasive activity of this natural dietary compound in tensin-negative and -deficient leukemic cells or epithelioid cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christelle M Rodrigue
- INSERM U567, UMR 8104, Département d'Hématologie, Institut Cochin, Université Paris V, Maternité Port-Royal, 123 boulevard de Port-Royal, Paris 75014, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
Tensin is a cytoplasmic phosphoprotein that localized to integrin-mediated focal adhesions. It binds to actin filaments and contains a phosphotyrosine-binding (PTB) domain, which interacts with the cytoplasmic tails of beta integrin. These interactions allow tensin to link actin filaments to integrin receptors. In addition, tensin has an Src Homology 2 (SH2) domain capable of interacting with tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins. Furthermore, several factors induce tyrosine phosphorylation of tensin. Thus, tensin functions as a platform for dis/assembly of signaling complexes at focal adhesions by recruiting tyrosine-phosphorylated signaling molecules through the SH2 domain, and also by providing interaction sites for other SH2-containing proteins. Analysis of knockout mice has demonstrated critical roles of tensin in renal function, muscle regeneration, and cell migration. Therefore, tensin and its downstream signaling molecules may be targets for therapeutic interventions in renal disease, wound healing and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su Hao Lo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Tissue Regeneration and Repair, University of California-Davis, 4635 Second Avenue, Room 2000, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Lee SB, Cho KS, Kim E, Chung J. blistery encodes Drosophila tensin protein and interacts with integrin and the JNK signaling pathway during wing development. Development 2003; 130:4001-10. [PMID: 12874122 DOI: 10.1242/dev.00595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Tensin is an actin-binding protein that is localized in focal adhesions. At focal adhesion sites, tensin participates in the protein complex that establishes transmembrane linkage between the extracellular matrix and cytoskeletal actin filaments. Even though there have been many studies on tensin as an adaptor protein, the role of tensin during development has not yet been clearly elucidated. Thus, this study was designed to dissect the developmental role of tensin by isolating Drosophila tensin mutants and characterizing its role in wing development. The Drosophila tensin loss-of-function mutations resulted in the formation of blisters in the wings, which was due to a defective wing unfolding process. Interestingly, by(1)-the mutant allele of the gene blistery (by)-also showed a blistered wing phenotype, but failed to complement the wing blister phenotype of the Drosophila tensin mutants, and contains Y62N/T163R point mutations in Drosophila tensin coding sequences. These results demonstrate that by encodes Drosophila tensin protein and that the Drosophila tensin mutants are alleles of by. Using a genetic approach, we have demonstrated that tensin interacts with integrin and also with the components of the JNK signaling pathway during wing development; overexpression of by in wing imaginal discs significantly increased JNK activity and induced apoptotic cell death. Collectively, our data suggest that tensin relays signals from the extracellular matrix to the cytoskeleton through interaction with integrin, and through the modulation of the JNK signal transduction pathway during Drosophila wing development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung Bae Lee
- National Creative Research Initiatives Center for Cell Growth Regulation and Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Taejon 305-701, Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kook S, Kim DH, Shim SR, Kim W, Chun JS, Song WK. Caspase-dependent cleavage of tensin induces disruption of actin cytoskeleton during apoptosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003; 303:37-45. [PMID: 12646163 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(03)00280-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Members of both calpain and caspase protease families can degrade several components of focal adhesions, leading to disassembly of these complexes. In this report, we investigated the disappearance of tensin from cell adhesion sites of chicken embryonic fibroblast cells (CEFs) exposed to etoposide and demonstrated that loss of tensin from cell adhesions during etoposide-induced apoptosis may be due to degradation of tensin by caspase-3. Tensin cleavage by caspase-3 at the sequence DYPD(1226)G separates the amino-terminal region containing the actin binding domain and the carboxyl-terminal region containing the SH2 domain. The resultant carboxyl-terminal fragment of tensin is unable to bind phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) transducing cell survival signaling. We also demonstrated that overexpression of the amino-terminal tensin fragment induced disruption of actin cytoskeleton in chicken embryonic fibroblasts. Therefore, caspase-mediated cleavage of tensin contributes to the disruption of actin organization and interrupts ECM-mediated survival signals through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seunghyi Kook
- Department of Life Science, Kwangju Institute of Science and Technology, 1 Oryong-dong, Puk-gu, Kwangju 500-712, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Szabó IL, Pai R, Jones MK, Ehring GR, Kawanaka H, Tarnawski AS. Indomethacin delays gastric restitution: association with the inhibition of focal adhesion kinase and tensin phosphorylation and reduced actin stress fibers. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2002; 227:412-24. [PMID: 12037131 DOI: 10.1177/153537020222700607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Repair of superficial gastric mucosal injury is accomplished by the process of restitution-migration of epithelial cells to restore continuity of the mucosal surface. Actin filaments, focal adhesions, and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) play crucial roles in cell motility essential for restitution. We studied whether epidermal growth factor (EGF) and/or indomethacin (IND) affect cell migration, actin stress fiber formation, and/or phosphorylation of FAK and tensin in wounded gastric monolayers. Human gastric epithelial monolayers (MKN 28 cells) were wounded and treated with either vehicle or 0.5 mM IND for 16 hr followed by EGF. EGF treatment significantly stimulated cell migration and actin stress fiber formation, and increased FAK localization to focal adhesions, and phosphorylation of FAK and tensin, whereas IND inhibited all these at the baseline and EGF-stimulated conditions. IND-induced inhibition of FAK phosphorylation preceded changes in actin polymerization, indicating that actin depolymerization might be the consequence of decreased FAK activity. In in vivo experiments, rats received either vehicle or IND (5 mg/kg i.g.), and 3 min later, they received water or 5% hypertonic NaCl; gastric mucosa was obtained at 1, 4, and 8 hr after injury. Four and 8 hr after hypertonic injury, FAK phosphorylation was induced in gastric mucosa compared with controls. IND pretreatment significantly delayed epithelial restitution in vivo, and reduced FAK phosphorylation and recruitment to adhesion points, as well as actin stress fiber formation in migrating surface epithelial cells. Our study indicates that FAK, tensin, and actin stress fibers are likely mediators of EGF-stimulated cell migration in wounded human gastric monolayers and potential targets for IND-induced inhibition of restitution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Imre L Szabó
- Medical Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, California 90822, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Di Sario A, Bendia E, Svegliati-Baroni G, Marzioni M, Ridolfi F, Trozzi L, Ugili L, Saccomanno S, Jezequel AM, Benedetti A. Rearrangement of the cytoskeletal network induced by platelet-derived growth factor in rat hepatic stellate cells: role of different intracellular signalling pathways. J Hepatol 2002; 36:179-90. [PMID: 11830329 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-8278(01)00242-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Cytoskeletal reorganization plays an important role in the regulation of different cell functions, such as proliferation and migration. Since platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) stimulates both proliferation and chemotaxis of hepatic stellate cells (HSC), we investigated the effects of this cytokine on cytoskeletal components of cultured rat HSC. METHODS/RESULTS Exposure of HSC to PDGF induced the formation of stress fibres and of a ruffled configuration of the plasma membrane, evaluated by both fluorescence and electron microscopy. These modifications were also induced by exposure to the protein kinase C (PKC) activator phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) and abolished by pretreatment with the PKC inhibitor calphostin C, with the Rho inhibitor C3 exoenzyme and with the intracellular calcium chelator MAPTAM, but not with the PI-3 kinase inhibitor wortmannin or with the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibitor PD 98059. PDGF induced a translocation of Rho from the cytosol to the membrane which was inhibited by C3 exoenzyme and by calpostin C, and which was also induced by PMA. Moreover, PDGF induced a rearrangement of vinculin which was prevented by C3 exoenzyme and calphostin C. CONCLUSIONS PDGF-induced cytoskeletal reorganization in HSC is dependent on PKC and Rho, thus suggesting that these two pathways may play an important role in the response of liver to injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Di Sario
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Ancona, 60020 Torrette, Ancona, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Volberg T, Romer L, Zamir E, Geiger B. pp60c-src and related tyrosine kinases: a role in the assembly and reorganization of matrix adhesions. J Cell Sci 2001; 114:2279-89. [PMID: 11493667 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.114.12.2279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of tyrosine kinases during integrin-mediated cell-matrix adhesion is involved both in the regulation of focal contact assembly and in the initiation of signaling processes at the cell-matrix adhesive interface. In order to determine the role of pp60c-src and related kinases in these processes, we have compared the dynamic reorganization of phosphotyrosine, vinculin, focal adhesion kinase and tensin in cells with altered expression of Src-family kinases. Both null cells for pp60c-src and triple knockout cells for pp60c-src, pp59fyn, and pp62c-yes exhibited decreased phosphotyrosine levels in focal contacts when compared with wild-type cells. pp60c-src-null cells also exhibited faster assembly of cell-matrix adhesions and a more exuberant recruitment of FAK to these sites. Tensin, which normally segregates into fibrillar adhesions was localized in large focal contacts in the two mutant cell lines, suggesting involvement of pp60c-src in the segregation of focal contacts and fibrillar adhesions. Moreover, treatment of wild-type cells with tyrphostin AG1007, which inhibits both pp60c-src and FAK activity, induced accumulation of tensin in peripheral focal adhesions. These findings demonstrate that Src family kinases, and pp60c-src in particular, have a central role in regulating protein dynamics at cell-matrix interfaces, both during early stages of interaction and in mature focal contacts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Volberg
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
Regeneration of skeletal muscle requires the activation, proliferation, differentiation and fusion of satellite cells to generate new muscle fibres. This study was designed to determine the role of tensin in this process. Cardiotoxin was used to induce regeneration in the anterior tibial muscles of tensin-knockout and wild-type mice. From histological analysis, we found that the regeneration process lasted longer in knockout than in wild-type mice. To investigate the mechanism involved in this delay, we examined each regeneration step in animals and cultured primary cells. We found fewer proliferating myogenic cells identified by bromodeoxyuridine and desmin double labelling in knockout mice on the first 2 days after injury. Expression of myosin, paxillin, dystrophin and dystrophin-associated proteins were delayed in knockout mice. Withdrawal from the cell cycle was less efficient in isolated knockout myoblasts, and the fusion capacity was reduced in these cells as well. These defects in regeneration most likely contributed to the 9-fold increase of centrally nucleated fibres occurring in the non-injected knockout mice. Our results demonstrated clearly that tensin plays a role in skeletal-muscle regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Ishii
- Center for Tissue Regeneration and Repair, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of California-Davis, 4635 Second Avenue, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Tarnawski A, Szabo IL, Husain SS, Soreghan B. Regeneration of gastric mucosa during ulcer healing is triggered by growth factors and signal transduction pathways. JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY, PARIS 2001; 95:337-44. [PMID: 11595458 DOI: 10.1016/s0928-4257(01)00046-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
An ulcer is a deep necrotic lesion penetrating through the entire thickness of the gastrointestinal mucosa and muscularis mucosae. Ulcer healing is a complex and tightly regulated process of filling the mucosal defect with proliferating and migrating epithelial and connective tissue cells. This process includes the re-establishment of the continuous surface epithelial layer, glandular epithelial structures, microvessels and connective tissue within the scar. Epithelial cells in the mucosa of the ulcer margin proliferate and migrate onto the granulation tissue to re-epithelialize the ulcer. Growth factors, such as epidermal growth factor (EGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), trefoil peptides (TP), platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) and other cytokines produced locally by regenerating cells, control re-epithelialization and the reconstruction of glandular structures. These growth factors, most notably EGF, trigger epithelial cell proliferation via signal transduction pathways involving EGF-R- MAP (Erk1/Erk2) kinases. Granulation tissue, which develops at the ulcer base, consists of fibroblasts, macrophages and proliferating endothelial cells, which form microvessels under the control of angiogenic growth factors. These growth factors [bFGF, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietins] promote angiogenesis--capillary vessel formation--thereby allowing for the reconstruction of microvasculature in the mucosal scar, which is essential for delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the healing site. The primary trigger to activate expression of angiogenic growth factors and their receptors appears to be hypoxia. During ulcer healing expression of growth factor genes is tightly regulated in a temporally and spatially ordered manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Tarnawski
- Gastroenterology Section (111G), VA Medical Center, 5901 E. Seventh Street, Long Beach, CA 90822, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Reynolds AJ, Bartlett SE, Hendry IA. Molecular mechanisms regulating the retrograde axonal transport of neurotrophins. BRAIN RESEARCH. BRAIN RESEARCH REVIEWS 2000; 33:169-78. [PMID: 11011064 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-0173(00)00028-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Neurotrophins are released from target tissues following neural innervation and bind to specific receptors situated on the nerve terminal plasma membrane. The neurotrophin-receptor complex undergoes retrograde axonal transport towards the cell soma, where it signals to the nucleus. This process allows neurotrophins to perform their numerous functions, which include the promotion of neuronal survival and the outgrowth of axons towards certain target tissues. The molecular events controlling each of the components of retrograde axonal transport are beginning to become defined. There is good evidence for the participation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase and the actin cytoskeleton in neurotrophin retrograde axonal transport in vivo. It also appears that the retrograde motor protein dynein mediates the retrograde axonal transport in vivo of neurotrophins such as nerve growth factor. This review discusses the role of the neurotrophin receptors in binding and axonal transport, the endocytic processes required for neurotrophin internalization, the targeting and trafficking of neurotrophins, and the propagation of neurotrophin-induced signals along the axon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A J Reynolds
- Division of Neuroscience, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, GPO Box 334, ACT 2601, Canberra, Australia.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Auger KR, Wang J, Narsimhan RP, Holcombe T, Roberts TM. Constitutive cellular expression of PI 3-kinase is distinct from transient expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000; 272:822-9. [PMID: 10860837 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2000.2806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The discovery that the PTEN tumor suppressor encodes a phosphoinositide 3-phosphatase has raised interest in the effects of constitutive activation of PI 3-kinase. To gain insight into PI 3-kinase function, we have stably expressed a myristoylated form of the catalytic subunit p110alpha (myr-p110) in cells. The myr-p110 associated with the endogenous p85 regulatory subunit and retained lipid and protein kinase activity. Stable lines expressing myr-p110 had 2- to 4-fold more PI 3-kinase activity than controls. Expression of myr-p110 altered cellular morphology and increased the saturation density in culture. These clones were morphologically transformed but Akt and pp70(s6k) were not constitutively activated in contrast to transient assays and from tumor cell lines deficient in PTEN. In addition, the ability of PDGF to induce activation of Akt and pp70(s6k) was diminished. Therefore, expression of a myristoylated PI 3-kinase in murine fibroblasts induces a morphological transformation of the cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K R Auger
- Cellular and Molecular Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Goh EL, Zhu T, Yakar S, LeRoith D, Lobie PE. CrkII participation in the cellular effects of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1. Phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase dependent and independent effects. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:17683-92. [PMID: 10748058 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m001972200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We have examined the role of CrkII in the cellular response to both human growth hormone (hGH) and human insulin-like growth factor-1 (hIGF-1). We have demonstrated that overexpression of the adaptor molecule enhances both basal phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) activity and also dramatically enhances the ability of both hormones to stimulate PI 3-kinase activity in the cell. Many of the effects of CrkII overexpression on hGH- and hIGF-1-stimulated cellular function can then be attributed to CrkII enhancement of PI 3-kinase stimulation by these hormones. Thus, CrkII-enhanced PI 3-kinase activity is used to enhance actin filament reorganization in response to both hGH and hIGF-1, to enhance stress activated protein kinase (SAPK) activity in response to hGH, and to diminish STAT5-mediated transcription in response to hGH. It is apparent, however, that CrkII also regulates cellular function independent of its ability to stimulate PI 3-kinase activity. This is evidenced by the ability of CrkII, in a PI 3-kinase-independent manner, to diminish the activation of p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase in response to both hGH and hIGF-1 and to inhibit the activation of SAPK by hIGF-1. Therefore, despite the common use of CrkII to activate PI 3-kinase, CrkII also allows hGH or hIGF-1 to selectively switch the activation of SAPK. Thus, common utilization of CrkII by hGH and hIGF-1 allows the execution of common cellular effects of these hormones, concomitant with the retention of hormonal specificity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E L Goh
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 30 Medical Dr., Singapore 117609, Republic of Singapore
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Alberta JA, Auger KR, Batt D, Iannarelli P, Hwang G, Elliott HL, Duke R, Roberts TM, Stiles CD. Platelet-derived growth factor stimulation of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 gene expression is mediated by transient activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase signal transduction pathway. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:31062-7. [PMID: 10521506 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.43.31062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) stimulates transcription of an immediate-early gene set in Balb/c 3T3 cells. One cohort of these genes, typified by c-fos, is induced within minutes following activation of PDGF receptors. A second cohort responds to PDGF only after a significant time delay, although induction is still a primary response to receptor activation as shown by "superinduction" in the presence of the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide. PDGF-receptor activated signaling pathways for the "slow" immediate-early genes are poorly resolved. Using gain-of-function mutations together with small molecule inhibitors of kinase activity, we show that activation of PI 3-kinase is both necessary and sufficient for the induction of the prototype slow immediate-early gene, monocyte chemoattractant-1 (MCP-1). Following activation of PDGF receptors, MCP-1 mRNA does not begin to accumulate for at least 90 min. However, only a brief (10 min) interval of PI 3-kinase activity is required to trigger this delayed response. The serine/threonine protein kinase, Akt/PKB, likely functions as a downstream affector of PI 3-kinase for this induction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J A Alberta
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Division of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Heldin CH, Ostman A, Rönnstrand L. Signal transduction via platelet-derived growth factor receptors. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1998; 1378:F79-113. [PMID: 9739761 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-419x(98)00015-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) exerts its stimulatory effects on cell growth and motility by binding to two related protein tyrosine kinase receptors. Ligand binding induces receptor dimerization and autophosphorylation, allowing binding and activation of cytoplasmic SH2-domain containing signal transduction molecules. Thereby, a number of different signaling pathways are initiated leading to cell growth, actin reorganization migration and differentiation. Recent observations suggest that extensive cross-talk occurs between different signaling pathways, and that stimulatory signals are modulated by inhibitory signals arising in parallel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C H Heldin
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Biomedical Center, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Nagel W, Zeitlmann L, Schilcher P, Geiger C, Kolanus J, Kolanus W. Phosphoinositide 3-OH kinase activates the beta2 integrin adhesion pathway and induces membrane recruitment of cytohesin-1. J Biol Chem 1998; 273:14853-61. [PMID: 9614087 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.24.14853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transduction through phosphoinositide 3-OH kinase (PI 3-kinase) has been implicated in the regulation of lymphocyte adhesion mediated by integrin receptors. Cellular phosphorylation products of PI 3-kinases interact with a subset of pleckstrin homology (PH) domains, a module that has been shown to recruit proteins to cellular membranes. We have recently identified cytohesin-1, a cytoplasmic regulator of beta2 integrin adhesion to intercellular adhesion molecule 1. We describe here that expression of a constitutively active PI 3-kinase is sufficient for the activation of Jurkat cell adhesion to intercellular adhesion molecule 1, and for enhanced membrane association of cytohesin-1. Up-regulation of cell adhesion by PI 3-kinase and membrane association of endogenous cytohesin-1 is abrogated by overexpression of the isolated cytohesin-1 PH domain, but not by a mutant of the PH domain which fails to associate with the plasma membrane. The PH domain of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk), although strongly associated with the plasma membrane, had no effect on either membrane recruitment of cytohesin-1 or on induction of adhesion by PI 3-kinase. Having delineated the critical steps of the beta2 integrin activation pathway by biochemical and functional analyses, we conclude that PI 3-kinase activates inside-out signaling of beta2 integrins at least partially through cytohesin-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Nagel
- Laboratorium für Molekulare Biologie, Genzentrum der Universität München, Feodor-Lynen-Strasse 25, 81377 München, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Zhu T, Goh EL, Lobie PE. Growth hormone stimulates the tyrosine phosphorylation and association of p125 focal adhesion kinase (FAK) with JAK2. Fak is not required for stat-mediated transcription. J Biol Chem 1998; 273:10682-9. [PMID: 9553131 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.17.10682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We have demonstrated that growth hormone (GH) activates focal adhesion kinase (FAK), and this activation results in the tyrosine phosphorylation of two FAK substrates, paxillin and tensin. The activation of FAK is time-dependent (maximal activation at 5-15 min) and dose-dependent (maximal activation at 0.05 nM). FAK and paxillin are constitutively associated in the unstimulated state, remain associated during the stimulation phase, and recruit tyrosine-phosphorylated tensin to the complex after GH stimulation. Half of the carboxyl-terminal region of the GH receptor is dispensable for FAK activation, but FAK activation does require the proline-rich box 1 region of the GH receptor, indicative that FAK is downstream of JAK2. FAK associates with JAK2 but not JAK1 after GH stimulation of cells. Using FAK-replete and FAK-deficient cells, we also show that FAK is not required for STAT-mediated transcriptional activation by GH. The use of FAK in the signal transduction pathway utilized by GH may be central to many of the pleiotropic effects of GH, including cytoskeletal reorganization, cell migration, chemotaxis, mitogenesis, and/or prevention of apoptosis and gene transcription.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Zhu
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology and Defense Medical Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 119260, Republic of Singapore
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Rubio I, Rodriguez-Viciana P, Downward J, Wetzker R. Interaction of Ras with phosphoinositide 3-kinase gamma. Biochem J 1997; 326 ( Pt 3):891-5. [PMID: 9307042 PMCID: PMC1218747 DOI: 10.1042/bj3260891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase gamma (PI3Kgamma) can be activated in vitro by both alpha and betagamma subunits of heterotrimeric G-proteins and does not interact with p85, the regulatory subunit of PI3Kalpha. Here we demonstrate the binding of Ras to PI3Kgamma in vitro. An N-terminal region of PI3Kgamma was identified as a binding site for Ras. After co-expression with PI3Kgamma in COS-7 cells, Ras induced only a modest increase in PI3K activity compared with the stimulation of PI3Kalpha by Ras in the same cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Rubio
- Max-Planck Research Unit of Molecular Cell Biology, Drackendorfer Strasse 1, D 07747 Jena, Federal Republic of Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Lo SH, Yu QC, Degenstein L, Chen LB, Fuchs E. Progressive kidney degeneration in mice lacking tensin. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 1997; 136:1349-61. [PMID: 9087448 PMCID: PMC2132507 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.136.6.1349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tensin is a focal adhesion phosphoprotein that binds to F-actin and contains a functional Src homology 2 domain. To explore the biological functions of tensin, we cloned the mouse tensin gene, determined its program of expression, and used gene targeting to generate mice lacking tensin. Even though tensin is expressed in many different tissues during embryogenesis, tensin null mice developed normally and appeared healthy postnatally for at least several months. Over time, -/- mice became frail because of abnormalities in their kidneys, an organ that expresses high levels of tensin. Mice with overt signs of weakness exhibited signs of renal failure and possessed multiple large cysts in the proximal kidney tubules, but even in tensin null mice with normal blood analysis, cysts were prevalent. Ultrastructurally, noncystic areas showed typical cell-matrix junctions that readily labeled with antibodies against other focal adhesion molecules. In abnormal regions, cell-matrix junctions were disrupted and tubule cells lacked polarity. Taken together, our data imply that, in the kidney, loss of tensin leads to a weakening, rather than a severing, of focal adhesion. All other tissues appeared normal, suggesting that, in most cases, tensin's diverse functions are redundant and may be compensated for by other focal adhesion proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S H Lo
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|