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Sandor LF, Ragacs R, Gyori DS. Local Effects of Steroid Hormones within the Bone Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17482. [PMID: 38139309 PMCID: PMC10744126 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Steroid hormone production via the adrenal cortex, gonads, and placenta (so-called glandular steroidogenesis) is responsible for the endocrine control of the body's homeostasis and is organized by a feedback regulatory mechanism based on the hypothalamus-pituitary-steroidogenic gland axis. On the other hand, recently discovered extraglandular steroidogenesis occurring locally in different tissues is instead linked to paracrine or autocrine signaling, and it is independent of the control by the hypothalamus and pituitary glands. Bone cells, such as bone-forming osteoblasts, osteoblast-derived osteocytes, and bone-resorbing osteoclasts, respond to steroid hormones produced by both glandular and extraglandular steroidogenesis. Recently, new techniques to identify steroid hormones, as well as synthetic steroids and steroidogenesis inhibitors, have been introduced, which greatly empowered steroid hormone research. Based on recent literature and new advances in the field, here we review the local role of steroid hormones in regulating bone homeostasis and skeletal lesion formation. The novel idea of extraglandular steroidogenesis occurring within the skeletal system raises the possibility of the development of new therapies for the treatment of bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David S. Gyori
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
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2
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Xu J, Cao B, Li C, Li G. The recent progress of endocrine therapy-induced osteoporosis in estrogen-positive breast cancer therapy. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1218206. [PMID: 37483519 PMCID: PMC10361726 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1218206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a significant global health concern, and the discovery of endocrine therapy has played a crucial role in the treatment of estrogen-positive breast cancer. However, these therapies are often associated with osteoporosis-related adverse events, which increase the risk of fractures in breast cancer patients and can result in limited mobility and reduced quality of life. Previous studies have shown that osteoporosis is essential side effects of the breast cancer therapy, although the exact mechanisms remain mostly unclear. Current clinical treatments, such as bisphosphonates, cause side effects and may impact the therapeutic response to endocrine drugs. In this review, we explore the likelihood of endocrine therapy-induced osteoporosis in estrogen-positive breast cancer therapy and discuss the involved mechanisms as well as the therapeutic potential of drugs and drug combination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chunyu Li
- *Correspondence: Chunyu Li, ; Guohui Li,
| | - Guohui Li
- *Correspondence: Chunyu Li, ; Guohui Li,
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3
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Brook N, Dharmarajan A, Chan A, Dass CR. Potential therapeutic role for pigment epithelium-derived factor in post-menopausal breast cancer bone metastasis. J Pharm Pharmacol 2023:7146711. [PMID: 37116213 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgad039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This review discusses key oestrogens associated with the circulating pre- and post-menopausal milieu and how they may impact intratumoral oestrogen levels and breast cancer (BC) metastasis. It also identifies critical steps in BC metastasis to bone from the viewpoint of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) function, and discusses the role of several associated pro-metastatic biomarkers in BC bone metastasis. KEY FINDINGS PEDF is regulated by oestrogen in a number of oestrogen-sensitive tissues. Changes in circulating oestrogen levels associated with menopause may enhance the growth of BC bone metastases, leading to the establishment of a pre-metastatic niche. The establishment of such a pre-metastatic niche is driven by several key mediators, with pro-osteoclastic and pro-metastatic function which are upregulated by BC cells. These mediators appear to be regulated by oestrogen, as well as differentially affected by menopausal status. PEDF interacts with several pro-metastatic, pro-osteoclastic biomarkers, including C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) and nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) in BC bone metastasis. CONCLUSION Mediators such as CXCR4 and MT1-MMP underpin the ability of PEDF to function as an antimetastatic in other cancers such as osteosarcoma, highlighting the possibility that this serpin could be used as a therapeutic against BC metastasis in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Brook
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Bentley 6102, Australia
| | - Arun Dharmarajan
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Bentley 6102, Australia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai 600116, India
| | - Arlene Chan
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia
- Breast Cancer Research Centre-Western Australia, Hollywood Private Hospital, Nedlands 6009, Australia
| | - Crispin R Dass
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Bentley 6102, Australia
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4
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Okunola AO, Baatjes KJ, Zemlin AE, Torrorey-Sawe R, Conradie M, Kidd M, Erasmus RT, van der Merwe NC, Kotze MJ. Pathology-supported genetic testing for the application of breast cancer pharmacodiagnostics: family counselling, lifestyle adjustments and change of medication. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2023; 23:431-443. [PMID: 37060281 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2023.2203815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathology-supported genetic testing (PSGT) enables transitioning of risk stratification from the study population to the individual. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We provide an overview of the translational research performed in postmenopausal breast cancer patients at increased risk of osteoporosis due to aromatase inhibitor therapy, as the indication for referral. Both tumour histopathology and blood biochemistry levels were assessed to identify actionable disease pathways using whole exome sequencing (WES). RESULTS The causes and consequences of inadequate vitamin D levels as a modifiable risk factor for bone loss were highlighted in 116 patients with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. Comparison of lifestyle factors and WES data between cases with vitamin D levels at extreme upper and lower ranges identified obesity as a major discriminating factor, with the lowest levels recorded during winter. Functional polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor gene contributed independently to therapy-related osteoporosis risk. In a patient with invasive lobular carcinoma, genetic counselling facilitated investigation of the potential modifying effect of a rare CDH1 variant co-occurring withBRCA1 c.66dup (p.Glu23ArgfsTer18). CONCLUSION Validation of PSGT as a three-pronged pharmacodiagnostics tool for generation of adaptive reports and data reinterpretation during follow-up represents a new paradigm in personalised medicine, exposing significant limitations to overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abisola O Okunola
- Division of Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Karin J Baatjes
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Annalise E Zemlin
- Division of Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University and the National Health Laboratory Service, Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Rispah Torrorey-Sawe
- Division of Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Magda Conradie
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Martin Kidd
- Centre for Statistical Consultation, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
| | - Rajiv T Erasmus
- Division of Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nerina C van der Merwe
- Division of Human Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
- Division of Human Genetics, National Health Laboratory Service, Universitas Hospital, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Maritha J Kotze
- Division of Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University and the National Health Laboratory Service, Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
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5
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Xi Y, Wang W, Ma L, Xu N, Shi C, Xu G, He H, Pan W. Alendronate modified mPEG-PLGA nano-micelle drug delivery system loaded with astragaloside has anti-osteoporotic effect in rats. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:2386-2402. [PMID: 35869674 PMCID: PMC9310824 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2086942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Astragaloside (AS) has an anti-osteoporotic effect, but its poor water solubility and low bioavailability limit its application. In this study, a novel nano-carrier with bone targeting was prepared by modifying mPEG-PLGA with alendronate (AL) before incorporation into astragaloside nano-micelles (AS-AL-mPEG-PLGA) to enhance the oral bioavailability, bone targeting and anti-osteoporosis effect of AS. The release behavior of AS-AL-mPEG-PLGA in vitro was investigated via dialysis. The pharmacokinetics of AS-AL-mPEG-PLGA was studied in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. The cytotoxicity of AS-AL-mPEG-PLGA in vitro (via MTT method), coupled with bone targeting ability in vitro and in vivo were evaluated. The therapeutic effects of free AS and AS-AL-mPEG-PLGA (ELISA, micro-CT, H&E staining) were compared in osteoporotic rats. AS-AL-mPEG-PLGA with smaller particle size (45.3 ± 3.8 nm) and high absolute zeta potential (−23.02 ± 0.51 mV) were successfully prepared, wherein it demonstrated higher entrapment efficiency (96.16 ± 0.18%), a significant sustained-release effect for 96 h and acceptable safety within 10–200 μg/mL. AS-AL-mPEG-PLGA could enhance the hydroxyapatite affinity and bone tissue concentration of AS. The relative bioavailability of AS-AL-mPEG-PLGA was 233.90% compared with free AS. In addition, the effect of AS in reducing serum levels of bone metabolism-related indicators, restoring the bone microarchitecture and improving bone injury could be enhanced by AS-AL-mPEG-PLGA. AS-AL-mPEG-PLGA with small particle size, good stability, remarkable sustained-release effect, safety and bone targeting was successfully constructed in this experiment to potentially improve the oral bioavailability and anti-osteoporosis effect of AS. Thus, AS-AL-mPEG-PLGA may be a promising strategy to prevent and treat osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhai Xi
- Department of Orthopedics, Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiheng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Ma
- Minimally invasive Spinal Surgery department, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Ning Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changgui Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guohua Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hailong He
- Department of Orthopedics, Spine Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenming Pan
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Affiliated Changshu Hospital of Xuzhou Medical School, The Second People's Hospital of Changshu, Changshu, China
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6
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Scaturro D, Vitagliani F, Terrana P, Tomasello S, Camarda L, Letizia Mauro G. Does the association of therapeutic exercise and supplementation with sucrosomial magnesium improve posture and balance and prevent the risk of new falls? Aging Clin Exp Res 2022; 34:545-553. [PMID: 34510395 PMCID: PMC8894156 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-021-01977-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Fracture of the proximal femur is the most feared complication of osteoporosis. Given the numerous physiological functions that magnesium performs in our body, in the literature there is a correlation between osteoporosis and low serum levels of magnesium. Aim Evaluate the incidence of hypomagnesemia in patients with lateral fragility fracture of the proximal femur, the possible correlation between serum magnesium levels and fractures, and the effectiveness of supplementing Sucrosomial® magnesium associated with therapeutic exercise on the outcome of these patients. Methods We divided the study into two parts. In the first part, we assessed the preoperative incidence of hypomagnesemia in patients using a blood test. In the second part, patients with hypomagnesemia were divided, in the post-operative period, into two groups, who received, respectively, only therapeutic exercise or oral supplementation with sucrosomial magnesium associated with therapeutic exercise. Results Half of the patients with fragility femoral fracture had hypomagnesemia, with a higher incidence of the subclinical form. From the comparison between the two groups, the T1 treatment group showed a significant improvement in blood levels of magnesium (2.11 ± 0.15 vs. 1.94 ± 0.11; p < 0.05), on the NRS scale (5.7 ± 0.81 vs. 6.6 ± 1.18; p < 0.05), the Tinetti scale (17.3 ± 1.15 vs. 15.2 ± 2.98; p < 0.05) and the SarQoL questionnaire (47.3 ± 5.21 vs. 44.9 ± 5.54; p < 0.05). Conclusions More attention would be needed in the diagnosis and correction of subclinical hypomagnesemia and not just the simple and clinically evident one, including hypomagnesemia among the modifiable risk factors for osteoporosis.
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Noguchi T, Kitaura H, Marahleh A, Ohori F, Nara Y, Pramusita A, Kinjo R, Ma J, Kanou K, Mizoguchi I. Tumor necrosis factor-α enhances the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in a mouse orthodontic tooth movement model. J Dent Sci 2022; 17:415-420. [PMID: 35028065 PMCID: PMC8739756 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2021.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Tooth movement that is achieved using orthodontic mechanical principles relies on bone resorption which takes place on the compression side via osteoclasts. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) has been known to affect osteoclast formation in orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which is one of the mediators of angiogenesis, also plays an important role in OTM by inducing vascular permeability and chemotaxis of osteoclast precursors. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to evaluate the effect of TNF-α on VEGF expression during OTM. Materials and methods In order to demonstrate the effect of TNF-α on VEGF expression during OTM, a nickel titanium closed coil spring was fixed to the upper left first molar and the alveolar bone beneath the upper incisors of both wild type (WT) and TNF receptors (TNFRs) deficient mice resulting in a mesial movement of the molar for 12 days. The maxilla was removed for histological analysis and real-time RCR analysis of VEGF expression. Results Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that there were fewer VEGF-positive cells in the periodontal membrane on the mesial side of the distobuccal root in TNFRs-deficient mice than that in WT mice during the OTM for 12 days. Furthermore, expression of VEGF mRNA is lower level in TNFRs-deficient mice than that in WT mice. Conclusion Our results indicate that TNF-α plays an important role in VEGF expression during tooth movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Noguchi
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hideki Kitaura
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Aseel Marahleh
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Fumitoshi Ohori
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Nara
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Adya Pramusita
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ria Kinjo
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Jinghan Ma
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kayoko Kanou
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Itaru Mizoguchi
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
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8
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Padala SR, Kashyap B, Dekker H, Mikkonen JJW, Palander A, Bravenboer N, Kullaa AM. Irradiation affects the structural, cellular and molecular components of jawbones. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 98:136-147. [PMID: 34855558 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2022.2013568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Emerging evidence shows that changes in the bone and its microenvironment following radiotherapy are associated with either an inhibition or a state of low bone formation. Ionizing radiation is damaging to the jawbone as it increases the complication rate due to the development of hypovascular, hypocellular, and hypoxic tissue. This review summarizes and correlates the current knowledge on the effects of irradiation on the bone with an emphasis on jawbone, as these have been a less extensively studied area. CONCLUSIONS The stringent regulation of bone formation and bone resorption can be influenced by radiation, causing detrimental effects at structural, cellular, vascular, and molecular levels. It is also associated with a high risk of damage to surrounding healthy tissues and an increased risk of fracture. Technological advances and research on animal models as well as a few human bone tissue studies have provided novel insights into the ways in which bone can be affected by high, low and sublethal dose of radiation. The influence of radiation on bone metabolism, cellular properties, vascularity, collagen, and other factors like inflammation, reactive oxygen species are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sridhar Reddy Padala
- Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Bina Kashyap
- Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hannah Dekker
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Oral Pathology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jopi J W Mikkonen
- Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anni Palander
- Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Nathalie Bravenboer
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Center for Bone Quality, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Arja M Kullaa
- Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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Reid A, Buchanan F, Julius M, Walsh PJ. A review on diatom biosilicification and their adaptive ability to uptake other metals into their frustules for potential application in bone repair. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:6728-6737. [PMID: 34346480 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb00322d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Diatoms are unicellular eukaryotic algae that have a distinctive siliceous cell wall (frustule) with unique architectures. The nanotopography of the frustule is perfectly replicated between generations, offering a source of highly intricate and identical silica microparticles. In recent years, the ability to alter their cell wall chemistry both in terms of functionalisation with organic moieties or by incorporation of the metal ions in their frustules has increased interest in their utility for catalysis technologies, and semiconductor and biomedical applications. Herein we review the fundamental biological mechanisms in which diatoms produce their frustule and their ability to substitute different metal ions in their frustule fabrication process. The review focuses on the potential of diatom frustules as a naturally derived biomaterial in bone tissue engineering applications and how their cell walls, comprising biogenic silica, could either partially or fully incorporate other bone therapeutic metal ions, e.g., titanium or calcium, into their frustule. The use of diatom frustules in bone repair also potentially offers a 'greener', more environmentally friendly, biomaterial as they can naturally synthesise oxides of silicon and other metals into their frustules under ambient conditions at a relatively neutral pH. This process would negate the use of harsh organic chemicals and high-temperature processing conditions, often used in the fabrication of silica based biomaterials, e.g., bioactive glass.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Reid
- School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Belfast, UK.
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10
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Patil KC, Soekmadji C. Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Bone Remodeling and Bone Metastasis: Implications in Prostate Cancer. Subcell Biochem 2021; 97:297-361. [PMID: 33779922 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-67171-6_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bone metastasis is the tendency of certain primary tumors to spawn and dictate secondary neoplasia in the bone. The process of bone metastasis is regulated by the dynamic crosstalk between metastatic cancer cells, cellular components of the bone marrow microenvironment (osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes), and the bone matrix. The feed-forward loop mechanisms governs the co-option of homeostatic bone remodeling by cancer cells in bone. Recent developments have highlighted the discovery of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their diverse roles in distant outgrowths. Several studies have implicated EV-mediated interactions between cancer cells and the bone microenvironment in synergistically promoting pathological skeletal metabolism in the metastatic site. Nevertheless, the potential role that EVs serve in arbitrating intricate sequences of coordinated events within the bone microenvironment remains an emerging field. In this chapter, we review the role of cellular participants and molecular mechanisms in regulating normal bone physiology and explore the progress of current research into bone-derived EVs in directly triggering and coordinating the processes of physiological bone remodeling. In view of the emerging role of EVs in interorgan crosstalk, this review also highlights the multiple systemic pathophysiological processes orchestrated by the EVs to direct organotropism in bone in prostate cancer. Given the deleterious consequences of bone metastasis and its clinical importance, in-depth knowledge of the multifarious role of EVs in distant organ metastasis is expected to open new possibilities for prognostic evaluation and therapeutic intervention for advanced bone metastatic prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyani C Patil
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Carolina Soekmadji
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia. .,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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11
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The M-CSF receptor in osteoclasts and beyond. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:1239-1254. [PMID: 32801364 PMCID: PMC8080670 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-0484-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R, also known as c-FMS) is a receptor tyrosine kinase. Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and IL-34 are ligands of CSF1R. CSF1R-mediated signaling is crucial for the survival, function, proliferation, and differentiation of myeloid lineage cells, including osteoclasts, monocytes/macrophages, microglia, Langerhans cells in the skin, and Paneth cells in the intestine. CSF1R also plays an important role in oocytes and trophoblastic cells in the female reproductive tract and in the maintenance and maturation of neural progenitor cells. Given that CSF1R is expressed in a wide range of myeloid cells, altered CSF1R signaling is implicated in inflammatory, neoplastic, and neurodegenerative diseases. Inhibiting CSF1R signaling through an inhibitory anti-CSF1R antibody or small molecule inhibitors that target the kinase activity of CSF1R has thus been a promising therapeutic strategy for those diseases. In this review, we cover the recent progress in our understanding of the various roles of CSF1R in osteoclasts and other myeloid cells, highlighting the therapeutic applications of CSF1R inhibitors in disease conditions. Drugs directed at a key signaling receptor involved in breaking down bone tissue could help treat diseases marked by pathological bone loss and destruction. In a review article, Kyung-Hyun Park-Min and colleagues from the Hospital for Special Surgery in New York, USA, discuss the essential roles played by the colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) protein in the survival, function, proliferation and differentiation of myeloid lineage stem cells in the bone marrow, including bone-resorbing osteoclasts. They explore the links between the CSF1R-mediated signaling pathway and diseases such as cancer and neurodegeneration. The authors largely focus on bone conditions, highlighting mouse studies in which CSF1R-blocking drugs were shown to ameliorate bone loss and inflammatory symptoms in models of arthritis, osteoporosis and metastatic cancer. Clinical trials are ongoing to test therapeutic applications.
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Shim KS, Hwang YH, Jang SA, Kim T, Ha H. Water Extract of Lysimachia christinae Inhibits Trabecular Bone Loss and Fat Accumulation in Ovariectomized Mice. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12071927. [PMID: 32610585 PMCID: PMC7399897 DOI: 10.3390/nu12071927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In Asia, extracts of Lysimachia christinae have been used for liver or urinogenital system-related diseases in traditional medicine. In this study, we investigated the effects of the water extract of L. christinae (WELC) on receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa Β ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastic differentiation of bone marrow macrophages, and on osteoporosis and obesity in ovariectomy mice. RANK signaling pathways related to osteoclast differentiation were examined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blot analysis. Additionally, we performed micro-computed tomography to assess trabecular bone loss, histological analysis for fat accumulation in adipose, liver, and bone tissues, and phytochemical profiling for WELC characterization. WELC significantly inhibited osteoclast differentiation by downregulating RANKL-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/c-Fos/nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) signaling in osteoclast precursors and ovariectomy-induced trabecular loss by suppressing osteolcastic bone resorption. WELC markedly decreased ovariectomy-induced body weight gain and fat accumulation in adipose, liver, and bone tissues. Furthermore, ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS) identified 16 phytochemicals in WELC when compared with the mass fragmentation of standard chemicals. Collectively, these results suggest that WELC might possess beneficial effects on postmenopausal osteoporosis by inhibiting osteoclast differentiation and obesity by suppressing fat accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Shuk Shim
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Korea; (K.-S.S.); (Y.-H.H.); (S.-A.J.); (T.K.)
| | - Youn-Hwan Hwang
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Korea; (K.-S.S.); (Y.-H.H.); (S.-A.J.); (T.K.)
- Korean Convergence Medicine Major KIOM, University of Science & Technology (UST), 1672 Yuseongdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Korea
| | - Seon-A Jang
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Korea; (K.-S.S.); (Y.-H.H.); (S.-A.J.); (T.K.)
| | - Taesoo Kim
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Korea; (K.-S.S.); (Y.-H.H.); (S.-A.J.); (T.K.)
| | - Hyunil Ha
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Yuseong-daero 1672, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34054, Korea; (K.-S.S.); (Y.-H.H.); (S.-A.J.); (T.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-42-868-9367
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13
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Rolph D, Das H. Transcriptional Regulation of Osteoclastogenesis: The Emerging Role of KLF2. Front Immunol 2020; 11:937. [PMID: 32477372 PMCID: PMC7237574 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of osteoclastic differentiation and its activity is a hallmark of various musculoskeletal disease states. In this review, the complex molecular factors underlying osteoclastic differentiation and function are evaluated. The emerging role of KLF2 in regulation of osteoclastic differentiation is examined, specifically in the context of rheumatoid arthritis in which it has been most extensively studied among the musculoskeletal diseases. The therapies that exist to manage diseases associated with osteoclastogenesis are numerous and diverse. They are varied in their mechanisms of action and in the outcomes they produce. For this review, therapies targeting osteoclasts will be emphasized, though it should be noted that many therapies exist which bolster the action of osteoblasts. A new targeted molecular approach is under investigation for the future potential therapeutic development of rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Rolph
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, United States
| | - Hiranmoy Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, United States
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14
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Martínez-Martínez A, Muñoz-Islas E, Ramírez-Rosas MB, Acosta-González RI, Torres-Rodríguez HF, Jiménez-Andrade JM. Blockade of the colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor reverses bone loss in osteoporosis mouse models. Pharmacol Rep 2020; 72:1614-1626. [PMID: 32222915 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-020-00091-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mice lacking either colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) or its receptor, CSF-1R, display osteopetrosis. Accordingly, genetic deletion or pharmacological blockade of CSF-1 prevents the bone loss associated with estrogen deficiency. However, the role of CSF-1R in osteoporosis models of type-1 diabetes (T1D) and ovariectomy (OVX) has not been examined. Thus, we evaluated whether CSF-1R blockade would relieve the bone loss in a model of primary osteoporosis (female mice with OVX) and a model of secondary osteoporosis (female with T1D) using micro-computed tomography. METHODS Female ICR mice at 10 weeks underwent OVX or received five daily administrations of streptozotocin (ip, 50 mg/kg) to induce T1D. Four weeks after OVX and 14 weeks after first injection of streptozotocin, mice received an anti-CSF-1R (2G2) antibody (10 mg/kg, ip; once/week for 6 weeks) or vehicle. At the last day of antibody administration, mice were sacrificed and femur and tibia were harvested for micro-computed tomography analysis. RESULTS Mice with OVX had a significant loss of trabecular bone at the distal femoral and proximal tibial metaphysis. Chronic treatment with anti-CSF-1R significantly reversed the trabecular bone loss at these anatomical sites. Streptozotocin-induced T1D resulted in significant loss of trabecular bone at the femoral neck and cortical bone at the femoral mid-diaphysis. Chronic treatment with anti-CSF-1R antibody significantly reversed the bone loss observed in mice with T1D. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that blockade of CSF-1R signaling reverses bone loss in two different mouse models of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arisaí Martínez-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria Reynosa-Aztlán, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Calle 16 y Lago de Chapala, Col. Aztlán, 88740, Reynosa, TAMPS, México
| | - Enriqueta Muñoz-Islas
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria Reynosa-Aztlán, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Calle 16 y Lago de Chapala, Col. Aztlán, 88740, Reynosa, TAMPS, México
| | - Martha B Ramírez-Rosas
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria Reynosa-Aztlán, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Calle 16 y Lago de Chapala, Col. Aztlán, 88740, Reynosa, TAMPS, México
| | - Rosa I Acosta-González
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria Reynosa-Aztlán, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Calle 16 y Lago de Chapala, Col. Aztlán, 88740, Reynosa, TAMPS, México
| | - Héctor F Torres-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria Reynosa-Aztlán, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Calle 16 y Lago de Chapala, Col. Aztlán, 88740, Reynosa, TAMPS, México
| | - Juan M Jiménez-Andrade
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria Reynosa-Aztlán, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Calle 16 y Lago de Chapala, Col. Aztlán, 88740, Reynosa, TAMPS, México.
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15
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Hu H, He X, Zhang Y, Wu R, Chen J, Lin Y, Shen B. MicroRNA Alterations for Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment of Osteoporosis: A Comprehensive Review and Computational Functional Survey. Front Genet 2020; 11:181. [PMID: 32194637 PMCID: PMC7063117 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis (OP) is a systemic bone disease with a series of clinical symptoms. The use of screening biomarkers in OP management is therefore of clinical significance, especially in the era of precision medicine and intelligent healthcare. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs with the potential to regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. Accumulating evidence indicates that miRNAs may serve as biomarkers for OP prediction and prevention. However, few studies have emphasized the role of miRNAs in systems-level pathogenesis during OP development. In this article, literature-reported OP miRNAs were manually collected and analyzed based on a systems biology paradigm. Functional enrichment studies were performed to decode the underlying mechanisms of miRNAs in OP etiology and therapeutics in three-dimensional space, i.e., integrated miRNA–gene–pathway analysis. In particular, interactions between miRNAs and three well-known OP pathways, i.e., estrogen–endocrine, WNT/β-catenin signaling, and RANKL/RANK/OPG, were systematically investigated, and the effects of non-genetic factors on personalized OP prevention and therapy were discussed. This article is a comprehensive review of OP miRNAs, and bridges the gap between an understanding of OP pathogenesis and clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Hu
- Center for Systems Biology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Huainan First People's Hospital of Anhui Province, Huainan, China
| | - Xiaodi He
- Department of Orthopedics, Huainan First People's Hospital of Anhui Province, Huainan, China.,School of Medicine, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China
| | - Yazhong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Rongrong Wu
- Center for Systems Biology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiajia Chen
- School of Chemistry, Biology and Material Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuxin Lin
- Center for Systems Biology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Bairong Shen
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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16
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Taniyama T, Saruta J, Mohammadzadeh Rezaei N, Nakhaei K, Ghassemi A, Hirota M, Okubo T, Ikeda T, Sugita Y, Hasegawa M, Ogawa T. UV-Photofunctionalization of Titanium Promotes Mechanical Anchorage in A Rat Osteoporosis Model. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041235. [PMID: 32059603 PMCID: PMC7072956 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Effects of UV-photofunctionalization on bone-to-titanium integration under challenging systemic conditions remain unclear. We examined the behavior and response of osteoblasts from sham-operated and ovariectomized (OVX) rats on titanium surfaces with or without UV light pre-treatment and the strength of bone-implant integration. Osteoblasts from OVX rats showed significantly lower alkaline phosphatase, osteogenic gene expression, and mineralization activities than those from sham rats. Bone density variables in the spine were consistently lower in OVX rats. UV-treated titanium was superhydrophilic and the contact angle of ddH2O was ≤5°. Titanium without UV treatment was hydrophobic with a contact angle of ≥80°. Initial attachment to titanium, proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, and gene expression were significantly increased on UV-treated titanium compared to that on control titanium in osteoblasts from sham and OVX rats. Osteoblastic functions compromised by OVX were elevated to levels equivalent to or higher than those of sham-operated osteoblasts following culture on UV-treated titanium. The strength of in vivo bone-implant integration for UV-treated titanium was 80% higher than that of control titanium in OVX rats and even higher than that of control implants in sham-operated rats. Thus, UV-photofunctionalization effectively enhanced bone-implant integration in OVX rats to overcome post-menopausal osteoporosis-like conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Taniyama
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA; (T.T.); (N.M.R.); (K.N.); (A.G.); (M.H.); (T.O.); (T.I.); (Y.S.); (M.H.); (T.O.)
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yokohama City Minato Red Cross Hospital, 3-12-1 Shinyamashita, Yokohama 231-8682, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Juri Saruta
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA; (T.T.); (N.M.R.); (K.N.); (A.G.); (M.H.); (T.O.); (T.I.); (Y.S.); (M.H.); (T.O.)
- Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka, Yokosuka 238-8580, Kanagawa, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +81-46-822-9537
| | - Naser Mohammadzadeh Rezaei
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA; (T.T.); (N.M.R.); (K.N.); (A.G.); (M.H.); (T.O.); (T.I.); (Y.S.); (M.H.); (T.O.)
| | - Kourosh Nakhaei
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA; (T.T.); (N.M.R.); (K.N.); (A.G.); (M.H.); (T.O.); (T.I.); (Y.S.); (M.H.); (T.O.)
| | - Amirreza Ghassemi
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA; (T.T.); (N.M.R.); (K.N.); (A.G.); (M.H.); (T.O.); (T.I.); (Y.S.); (M.H.); (T.O.)
| | - Makoto Hirota
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA; (T.T.); (N.M.R.); (K.N.); (A.G.); (M.H.); (T.O.); (T.I.); (Y.S.); (M.H.); (T.O.)
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Orthodontics, Yokohama City University Medical Center, 4-57 Urafune-cho, Yokohama 232-0024, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takahisa Okubo
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA; (T.T.); (N.M.R.); (K.N.); (A.G.); (M.H.); (T.O.); (T.I.); (Y.S.); (M.H.); (T.O.)
| | - Takayuki Ikeda
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA; (T.T.); (N.M.R.); (K.N.); (A.G.); (M.H.); (T.O.); (T.I.); (Y.S.); (M.H.); (T.O.)
| | - Yoshihiko Sugita
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA; (T.T.); (N.M.R.); (K.N.); (A.G.); (M.H.); (T.O.); (T.I.); (Y.S.); (M.H.); (T.O.)
| | - Masakazu Hasegawa
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA; (T.T.); (N.M.R.); (K.N.); (A.G.); (M.H.); (T.O.); (T.I.); (Y.S.); (M.H.); (T.O.)
| | - Takahiro Ogawa
- Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA; (T.T.); (N.M.R.); (K.N.); (A.G.); (M.H.); (T.O.); (T.I.); (Y.S.); (M.H.); (T.O.)
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Associations among circulating colony-stimulating factor-1, estrogen, and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women: results from a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Menopause 2019; 25:197-201. [PMID: 28816930 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000000974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study addresses the relationship between circulating levels of colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1) and rates of postmenopausal bone loss. The purpose was to test the hypothesis that CSF-1 levels would correlate with the rate of bone loss in estrogen-deficient woman. We further hypothesized that estrogen replacement would eliminate this association. METHODS This was an ancillary study to the parent Kronos Early Estrogen Prevention Study (KEEPS)-a 4-year randomized placebo-controlled study that evaluated the effects of estrogen therapy on cardiovascular endpoints. Women between of the ages of 42 and 58, who had been amenorrheic for ≥6 months and ≤36 months, were enrolled in KEEPS. Participants were randomized to conjugated equine estrogen 0.45 mg daily, transdermal estradiol 50 micrograms weekly, or placebo. RESULTS There was no correlation between serum levels of CSF-1 and bone mineral density at the spine, hip, or femoral neck in estrogen-deficient women (correlation 0.0017, P = 0.99 for spine; correlation 0.0010, P = 0.0079 for hip, and correlation 0.0019, P = 0.99 for femoral neck). There was also no significant correlation in the treatment group (correlation 0.0015, P = 0.99; correlation -0.00024, P = 0.99; correlation 0.0011, P = 0.99 at spine, hip, and femoral neck respectively). CONCLUSIONS This study did not demonstrate a meaningful relationship between circulating levels of CSF-1 and bone mineral density in either the placebo group or estrogen-treated group. Although CSF-1 is required for osteoclastic bone resorption, our data suggest that circulating levels of the cytokine may not reflect this process.
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18
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Liu G, Lu Y, Mai Z, Liu R, Peng Z, Chen L, Chen Z, Wang R, Ai H. Suppressing MicroRNA-30b by Estrogen Promotes Osteogenesis in Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:7547506. [PMID: 31089333 PMCID: PMC6476012 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7547506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been widely demonstrated to interact with multiple cellular signaling pathways and to participate in a wide range of physiological processes. Estradiol-17β (E2) is the most potent and prevalent endogenous estrogen that plays a vital role in promoting bone formation and reducing bone resorption. Currently, little is known about the regulation of miRNAs in E2-induced osteogenic differentiation. In the present study, the primary bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from rats (rBMSCs) were isolated and incubated with E2, followed by miRNA profiling. The microarray showed that 29 miRNAs were differentially expressed in response to E2 stimulation. Further verification by real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction revealed that E2 enhanced the expression of let-7b and miR-25 but suppressed the miR-30b expression. Moreover, a gain-of-function experiment confirmed that miR-30b negatively regulated the E2-induced osteogenic differentiation. These data suggest an important role of miRNAs in osteogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanqi Liu
- Department of Stomatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yeming Lu
- Department of Stomatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhihui Mai
- Department of Stomatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Runheng Liu
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhuli Peng
- Department of Stomatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Stomatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Stomatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruizhi Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong Ai
- Department of Stomatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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19
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Baatjes KJ, Kotze MJ, McCaul M, Conradie M. Baseline bone health status in multi-ethnic South African postmenopausal breast cancer patients at initiation of aromatase inhibitor therapy: A descriptive study. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214153. [PMID: 30939140 PMCID: PMC6445512 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Osteoporosis (OP) risk factor assessment and bone mineral density (BMD) testing are frequently omitted at baseline in aromatase inhibitor (AI) studies, which may lead to misinterpretation of AI associated bone loss. The present study describes bone health of South African postmenopausal women of predominantly Mixed Ancestry, prior to AI treatment. Methods This descriptive baseline study, nested in a prospective AI cohort study, included postmenopausal women with endocrine sensitive breast cancer, aged 50 to 80 years. A baseline questionnaire documented demographic-, medical-, lifestyle- and fracture history. Body weight was assessed clinically, and body composition and BMD measured via dual energy absorptiometry (DXA). Data was analysed in STATA 14 using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results 101 participants were recruited, with a mean age of 61±7 years. Nearly a third (n = 32) of women at baseline fulfilled global criteria for bone protection (BMD T-score ≥-2SD (n = 18); BMD T-score -1.5SD to < -2SD with risk factors (n = 14). Lower body weight, body mass index (BMI), fat mass index and lean mass index were significantly associated with the participants with a BMD measurement in keeping with a diagnosis of OP (p <0.001). Low vitamin D was present in 93% of the cohort tested (n = 95), whilst deficient vitamin D status (<20ng/ml) was documented in 52 women (55%). Conclusions In this study, a third of postmenopausal women considered for AI therapy fulfilled international criteria for bone protective pharmacological intervention. This emphasizes the need for clinical risk and BMD assessment in postmenopausal breast cancer patients at baseline. Body composition and bone health associations highlight bone fragility associated with lower body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin J. Baatjes
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
- * E-mail:
| | - Maritha J. Kotze
- Division of Chemical Pathology, Department of Pathology Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University and the National Health Laboratory Service, Tygerberg Hospital, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Micheal McCaul
- Biostatistics Unit, Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - Magda Conradie
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa
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20
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Ma Q, Ma Z, Liang M, Luo F, Xu J, Dou C, Dong S. The role of physical forces in osteoclastogenesis. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:12498-12507. [PMID: 30623443 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The movements of life at every level from organs, tissues, cells to sub-cells, are all conducted in certain physical environments. In the human body, skeletal tissue among all connective tissues is influenced the most by physical forces. Studying the biological behavior of bone cells under different physical environments is helpful in further understanding bone homeostasis and metabolism. Among all bone cells, osteoclast (OC) and OC steered bone remodeling is one of the key points in bone metabolism. In the past few decades, people's understanding of OC was mostly limited to its involvement of bone resorption under physiological and pathological conditions. However, more and more studies started to focus on how physical forces affect the formation and differentiation of OC. This review tries to illustrate the knowledge up to date about how osteoclastogenesis is regulated by physical forces through direct and indirect ways, including fluid shear force, compressive force, and microgravity. The direct way describes the straightforward effects produced by different forces in osteoclastogenesis, whereas the indirect way describes the effects of different forces in osteoclastogenesis through regulation of other bone cells when a certain force is applied. Molecular mechanisms were analyzed and reviewed in both direct and indirect regulation by different forces. Finally, we discussed the status quo and tendency of related research, as well as other unresolved issues, and some future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinyu Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Biomedical Materials Science, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zaisong Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, General Hospital of Xinjiang Command, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Mengmeng Liang
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fei Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianzhong Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ce Dou
- Department of Orthopedics, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Biomedical Materials Science, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shiwu Dong
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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21
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Sheng Y, Tang J, Ren K, Manor LC, Cao H. Integrative computational approach to evaluate risk genes for postmenopausal osteoporosis. IET Syst Biol 2018; 12:118-122. [PMID: 29745905 PMCID: PMC8687217 DOI: 10.1049/iet-syb.2017.0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, numerous studies reported over a hundred of genes playing roles in the etiology of postmenopausal osteoporosis (PO). However, many of these candidate genes were lack of replication and results were not always consistent. Here, the authors proposed a computational workflow to curate and evaluate PO related genes. They integrate large-scale literature knowledge data and gene expression data (PO case/control: 10/10) for the marker evaluation. Pathway enrichment, sub-network enrichment, and gene-gene interaction analysis were conducted to study the pathogenic profile of the candidate genes, with four metrics proposed and validated for each gene. By using the authors' approach, a scalable PO genetic database was developed; including PO related genes, diseases, pathways, and the supporting references. The PO case/control classification supported the effectiveness of the four proposed metrics, which successfully identified eight well-studied top PO genes (e.g. TGFB1, IL6, IL1B, TNF, ESR2, IGF1, HIF1A, and COL1A1) and highlighted one recently reported PO genes (e.g. IFNG). The computational biology approach and the PO database developed in this study provide a valuable resource which may facilitate understanding the genetic profile of PO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjun Sheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongling People's Hospital, Tongling, Anhui Province 244000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jilei Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, Qidong People's Hospital, Nantong 226200, People's Republic of China
| | - Kewei Ren
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Southeast University Medical School, Jiangyin 214400, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lydia C Manor
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's National Health Systems, Washington DC, 20010, USA
| | - Hongbao Cao
- Department of Biology Product, Elsevier Inc, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
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22
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Role of nutritional vitamin D in osteoporosis treatment. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 484:179-191. [PMID: 29782843 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disorder characterized by a decrease in bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of bone tissue. The World Health Organization has defined osteoporosis as a decrease in bone mass (50%) and bony quality (50%). Vitamin D, a steroid hormone, is crucial for skeletal health and in mineral metabolism. Its direct action on osteoblasts and osteoclasts and interaction with nonskeletal tissues help in maintaining a balance between bone turnover and bone growth. Vitamin D affects the activity of osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes, suggesting that it affects bone formation, bone resorption, and bone quality. At physiological concentrations, active vitamin D maintains a normal rate of bone resorption and formation through the RANKL/OPG signal. However, active vitamin D at pharmacological concentration inhibits bone resorption at a higher rate than that of bone formation, which influences the bone quality and quantity. Nutritional vitamin D rather than active vitamin D activates osteoblasts and maintains serum 25(OH)D3 concentration. Despite many unanswered questions, much data support nutritional vitamin D use in osteoporosis patients. This article emphasizes the role of nutritional vitamin D replacement in different turnover status (high or low bone turnover disorders) of osteoporosis together with either anti-resorptive (Bisphosphonate, Denosumab et.) or anabolic (Teriparatide) agents when osteoporosis persists.
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Quach D, Britton RA. Gut Microbiota and Bone Health. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1033:47-58. [PMID: 29101651 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-66653-2_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The past decade has seen an explosion of research in the area of how the bacteria that inhabit the human body impact health and disease. One of the more surprising concepts to emerge from this work is the ability of the intestinal microbiota to impact virtually all systems in the body. Recently, the role of gut bacteria in bone health and disease has received more significant attention. In this chapter, we review what has been learned about how the gut microbiome impacts bone health and discuss possible mechanisms of how the gut-bone axis may be connected. We also discuss the use of therapeutic microbes in the modulation of bone health. Finally, we propose an emerging field of the gut-brain-bone axis, in which the gut drives bone physiology via regulation of key hormones that are originally synthesized in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darin Quach
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Robert A Britton
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Houston, TX, USA.
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Role of Muramyl Dipeptide in Lipopolysaccharide-Mediated Biological Activity and Osteoclast Activity. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2018; 2018:8047610. [PMID: 29666781 PMCID: PMC5832107 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8047610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is an endotoxin and bacterial cell wall component that is capable of inducing inflammation and immunological activity. Muramyl dipeptide (MDP), the minimal essential structural unit responsible for the immunological activity of peptidoglycans, is another inflammation-inducing molecule that is ubiquitously expressed by bacteria. Several studies have shown that inflammation-related biological activities were synergistically induced by interactions between LPS and MDP. MDP synergistically enhances production of proinflammatory cytokines that are induced by LPS exposure. Injection of MDP induces lethal shock in mice challenged with LPS. LPS also induces osteoclast formation and pathological bone resorption; MDP enhances LPS induction of both processes. Furthermore, MDP enhances the LPS-induced receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) expression and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression both in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, MDP enhances LPS-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling in stromal cells. Taken together, these findings suggest that MDP plays an important role in LPS-induced biological activities. This review discusses the role of MDP in LPS-mediated biological activities, primarily in relation to osteoclastogenesis.
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Abo-Al-Ela HG. Hormones and fish monosex farming: A spotlight on immunity. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 72:23-30. [PMID: 29079204 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Aquaculture is a promising and developing industry worldwide. One of the first step in monosex culturing, particularly in Nile tilapia, is the production of all-male fry; hormones are widely used in this respect. It is known that exogenous treatment with hormones disrupts various systems in the body including the immune and endocrine systems. There has been a growing interest in how hormones shape the biology of the fish. Many researchers all over the world explored how androgen can interact with many of the body systems; however, rarely any of them tried to improve the hormonal method or to find an alternative. The gate is open for research in this field. This review focusses on the potential effects of hormones, particularly androgens on fish immunity, and the up to date solutions (however, they are rare).
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitham G Abo-Al-Ela
- Animal Health Research Institute, Shibin Al-Kom Branch, Agriculture Research Centre, El-Minufiya, Egypt.
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26
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Causes of low peak bone mass in women. Maturitas 2017; 111:61-68. [PMID: 29673833 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Peak bone mass is the maximum bone mass that accrues during growth and development. Consolidation of peak bone mass normally occurs during early adulthood. Low peak bone mass results from failure to achieve peak bone mass genetic potential, primarily due to bone loss caused by a variety of conditions or processes occurring at younger ages than usual. Recognized causes of low peak bone mass include genetic causes, endocrine disorders, nutritional disorders, chronic diseases of childhood or adolescence, medications, and idiopathic factors.
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Selective deletion of the soluble Colony-Stimulating Factor 1 isoform in vivo prevents estrogen-deficiency bone loss in mice. Bone Res 2017; 5:17022. [PMID: 29152381 PMCID: PMC5684603 DOI: 10.1038/boneres.2017.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutralizing CSF1 in vivo completely prevents ovariectomy (OVX)-induced bone loss in mice. There are two isoforms of CSF1, soluble (sCSF1), and membrane-bound (mCSF1), but their individual biological functions are unclear. It had been previously reported that mCSF1 knockout (K/O) and wild type (Wt) female mice experience the same degree of bone loss following OVX. In Wt mice the expression of sCSF1 was elevated fourfold in skeletal tissue following OVX while expression of mCSF1 was unchanged. To examine the role of sCSF1 in OVX-induced bone loss, mice were engineered in which sCSF1 was not expressed but expression of mCSF1 was unaffected (sCSF1 K/O). Isoform-specific reverse transcription PCR confirmed the absence of transcripts for sCSF1 in bone tissue isolated from these animals and no circulating CSF1 was detected by ELISA. Surprisingly, there were no significant differences in bone mineral density (BMD) between sCSF1 K/O mice and Wt controls as assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and micro-CT. However, one month after OVX, femoral, spinal and total BMD had declined by 11.2%, 8.9%, and 8.7% respectively in OVX-Wt animals as compared to Sham-OVX. In contrast OVX sCSF1 K/O mice showed changes of +0.1%, -2.4%, and +2.3% at the same 3 sites compared to Sham-OVX sCSF1 K/O mice. These data indicate important non-redundant functions for the two isoforms of CSF1 and suggest that sCSF1, but not mCSF1, plays a key role in estrogen-deficiency bone loss.
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Abstract
Osteoporosis increases fracture risk, a cause of crippling morbidity and mortality. The immunoskeletal interface (ISI) is a centralization of cell and cytokine effectors shared between skeletal and immune systems. Consequently, the immune system mediates powerful effects on bone turnover. Physiologically, B cells secrete osteoprotegerin (OPG), a potent anti-osteoclastogenic factor that preserves bone mass. However, activated T cells and B cells secrete pro-osteoclastogenic factors including receptor activator of Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kB) ligand (RANKL), Interleukin (IL)-17A, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α promoting bone loss in inflammatory states such as rheumatoid arthritis. Recently, ISI disruption has been linked to osteoporosis in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), where elevated B cell RANKL and diminished OPG drive bone resorption. HIV-antiretroviral therapy paradoxically intensifies bone loss during disease reversal, as immune reconstitution produces osteoclastogenic cytokines. Interestingly, in estrogen deficiency, activated T cells secrete RANKL, TNF, and IL-17A that amplify bone resorption and contribute to postmenopausal osteoporosis. T cell-produced TNF and IL-17A further contribute to bone loss in hyperparathyroidism, while T cell production of the anabolic Wingless integration site (Wnt) ligand, Wnt10b, promotes bone formation in response to anabolic parathyroid hormone and the immunomodulatory costimulation inhibitor cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein-4-IgG (abatacept). These findings provide a window into the workings of the ISI and suggest novel targets for future therapeutic interventions to reduce fracture risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Neale Weitzmann
- 1 Department of Veterans Affairs, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia, USA
- 2 Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Lipids, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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29
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Wehmeyer C, Pap T, Buckley CD, Naylor AJ. The role of stromal cells in inflammatory bone loss. Clin Exp Immunol 2017; 189:1-11. [PMID: 28419440 PMCID: PMC5461090 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation, local and systemic bone loss and a lack of compensatory bone repair. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) are the most abundant cells of the stroma and a key population in autoimmune diseases such as RA. An increasing body of evidence suggests that these cells play not only an important role in chronic inflammation and synovial hyperplasia, but also impact bone remodelling. Under inflammatory conditions FLS release inflammatory cytokines, regulate bone destruction and formation and communicate with immune cells to control bone homeostasis. Other stromal cells, such as osteoblasts and terminally differentiated osteoblasts, termed osteocytes, are also involved in the regulation of bone homeostasis and are dysregulated during inflammation. This review highlights our current understanding of how stromal cells influence the balance between bone formation and bone destruction. Increasing our understanding of these processes is critical to enable the development of novel therapeutic strategies with which to treat bone loss in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Wehmeyer
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing (IIA), University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth HospitalBirminghamUK
| | - T. Pap
- Institute of Experimental Musculoskeletal Medicine, University Hospital MuensterMuensterGermany
| | - C. D. Buckley
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing (IIA), University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth HospitalBirminghamUK
| | - A. J. Naylor
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing (IIA), University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth HospitalBirminghamUK
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30
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Siddiqui JA, Partridge NC. Physiological Bone Remodeling: Systemic Regulation and Growth Factor Involvement. Physiology (Bethesda) 2017; 31:233-45. [PMID: 27053737 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00061.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone remodeling is essential for adult bone homeostasis. It comprises two phases: bone formation and resorption. The balance between the two phases is crucial for sustaining bone mass and systemic mineral homeostasis. This review highlights recent work on physiological bone remodeling and discusses our knowledge of how systemic and growth factors regulate this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawed A Siddiqui
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York
| | - Nicola C Partridge
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York
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31
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Abstract
Bone mass in the skeleton is dependent on the coordinated activities of bone-forming osteoblasts and bone-resorbing osteoclasts in discrete bone multi-cellular units. Remodeling of bone in these units is important not only for maintaining bone mass, but also to repair microdamage, to prevent accumulation of too much old bone, and for mineral homeostasis. The activities of osteoblasts and osteoclasts are controlled by a variety of hormones and cytokines, as well as by mechanical loading. Most importantly, sex hormones are very crucial for keeping bone mass in balance, and the lack of either estrogen or testosterone leads to decreased bone mass and increased risk for osteoporosis. The prevalence of osteoporotic fractures is increasing dramatically in the Western part of the world and is a major health problem in many countries. In the present review, the cellular and molecular mechanisms controlling bone remodeling and the influence of sex hormones on these processes are summarized. In a separate paper in this issue, the pathogenesis of post-menopausal osteoporosis will be compared with that of inflammation-induced bone remodeling, including the evidence for and against the hypothesis that concomitant post-menopausal osteoporotic disease influences the progression of periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- U H Lerner
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Umeå University, Umeå SE-901 87, Sweden.
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32
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Li X, Jie Q, Zhang H, Zhao Y, Lin Y, Du J, Shi J, Wang L, Guo K, Li Y, Wang C, Gao B, Huang Q, Liu J, Yang L, Luo Z. Disturbed MEK/ERK signaling increases osteoclast activity via the Hedgehog-Gli pathway in postmenopausal osteoporosis. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 122:101-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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A review of UHMWPE wear-induced osteolysis: the role for early detection of the immune response. Bone Res 2016; 4:16014. [PMID: 27468360 PMCID: PMC4941197 DOI: 10.1038/boneres.2016.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In a world where increasing joint arthroplasties are being performed on increasingly younger patients, osteolysis as the leading cause of failure after total joint arthroplasty (TJA) has gained considerable attention. Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene wear-induced osteolysis is the process by which prosthetic debris mechanically released from the surface of prosthetic joints induces an immune response that favors bone catabolism, resulting in loosening of prostheses with eventual failure or fracture. The immune response initiated is innate in that it is nonspecific and self-propagating, with monocytic cells and osteoclasts being the main effectors. To date, detecting disease early enough to implement effective intervention without unwanted systemic side effects has been a major barrier. These barriers can be overcome using newer in vivo imaging techniques and modules linked with fluorescence and/or chemotherapies. We discuss the pathogenesis of osteolysis, and provide discussion of the challenges with imaging and therapeutics. We describe a positron emission tomography imaging cinnamoyl-Phe-(D)-Leu-Phe-(D)-Leu-Phe-Lys module, specific to macrophages, which holds promise in early detection of disease and localization of treatment. Further research and increased collaboration among therapeutic and three-dimensional imaging researchers are essential in realizing a solution to clinical osteolysis in TJA.
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34
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Karakas EY, Yetisgin A, Cadirci D, Sezen H, Altunbas R, Kas F, Demir M, Ulas T. Usefulness of ceruloplasmin testing as a screening methodology for geriatric patients with osteoporosis. J Phys Ther Sci 2016; 28:235-9. [PMID: 26957765 PMCID: PMC4756011 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.28.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] To evaluate serum ceruloplasmin levels in geriatric patients with osteoporosis. [Subjects and Methods] Seventy geriatric patients over 65 years of age were recruited. Patients were divided into two groups: group 1 ('OP', n=35) consisted of patients with osteoporosis, and group 2 (n=35) consisted of patients without osteoporosis. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scanning was used in the measurement of bone mineral density in all cases. Inflammatory parameters, including C-reactive protein, sedimentation rate, and serum ceruloplasmin levels were analyzed in blood samples. [Results] No statistical differences in inflammatory parameters were observed between the two groups, however, serum ceruloplasmin levels were significantly higher in group 1 than in group 2. In Pearson analysis, serum ceruloplasmin levels were not found to be correlated with any biochemical parameters. Receiver operator characteristic curve analysis revealed that serum ceruloplasmin levels were predictive of osteoporosis with 85.7% sensitivity and 85.7% specificity over the level of 830.15. [Conclusion] Our study demonstrated that measurement of serum ceruloplasmin levels may have potential as a screening methodology for geriatric patients with osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emel Yigit Karakas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Turkey
| | - Alpaslan Yetisgin
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Harran University School of Medicine, Turkey
| | - Dursun Cadirci
- Department of Family Physician, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Turkey
| | - Hatice Sezen
- Department of Biochemistry, Harran University School of Medicine, Turkey
| | - Rıza Altunbas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Turkey
| | - Fehmi Kas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Demir
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Turkey
| | - Turgay Ulas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Turkey
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35
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Thouverey C, Caverzasio J. Ablation of p38α MAPK Signaling in Osteoblast Lineage Cells Protects Mice From Bone Loss Induced by Estrogen Deficiency. Endocrinology 2015; 156:4377-87. [PMID: 26441240 DOI: 10.1210/en.2015-1669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen deficiency causes bone loss by increasing the number of bone-resorbing osteoclasts. Selective p38α MAPK inhibitors prevent bone-wasting effects of estrogen withdrawal but implicated mechanisms remain to be identified. Here, we show that inactivation of the p38α-encoding gene in osteoblast lineage cells with the use of an osteocalcin-cre transgene protects mice from ovariectomy-induced bone loss (a murine model of postmenopausal osteoporosis). Ovariectomy fails to induce bone loss, increase bone resorption, and stimulate receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand and IL-6 expression in mice lacking p38α in osteoblasts and osteocytes. Finally, TNFα or IL-1, which are osteoclastogenic cytokines overproduced in the bone marrow under estrogen deficiency, can activate p38α signaling in osteoblasts, but those cytokines cannot enhance Rankl and Il6 expressions or increase osteoclast formation in p38a-deficient osteoblast cultures. These findings demonstrate that p38α MAPK signaling in osteoblast lineage cells mediates ovariectomy-induced bone loss by up-regulating receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand and IL-6 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Thouverey
- Service of Bone Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, University Hospital of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Joseph Caverzasio
- Service of Bone Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, University Hospital of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
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Goldberg S, Glogauer J, Grynpas MD, Glogauer M. Deletion of filamin A in monocytes protects cortical and trabecular bone from post-menopausal changes in bone microarchitecture. Calcif Tissue Int 2015; 97:113-24. [PMID: 25894069 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-015-9994-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to determine the in vivo role of Filamin A (FLNA) in osteoclast generation and function, through the assessment of trabecular bone morphology, bone turnover, and the resulting changes in mechanical properties of the skeleton in mice with targeted deletion of FLNA in pre-osteoclasts. Using a conditional targeted knockdown of FLNA in osteoclasts, we assessed bone characteristics in vivo including micro-computed tomography (micro-ct), histomorphometric analyses, and bone mechanical properties. These parameters were assessed in female mice at 5 months of age, in an aging protocol (comparing 5-month-old and 11-month-old mice) and an osteoporosis protocol [ovariectomized (OVX) at 5 months of age and then sacrificed at 6 and 11 months of age]. In vivo bone densitometry, mechanical and histomorphometric analyses revealed a mild osteoporotic phenotype in the FLNA-null 5-month and aging groups. The WT and FLNA-KO bones did not appear to age differently. However, the volumetric bone mineral density decrease associated with OVX in WT is absent in FLNA-KO-OVX groups. The skeleton in the FLNA-KO-OVX group does not differ from the FLNA-KO group both in mechanical and structural properties as shown by mechanical testing of femora and vertebrae and histomorphometry of vertebrae. Additionally, FLNA-KO femora are tougher and more ductile than WT femora. The result of this study indicates that while FLNA-KO bones are weaker than WT bones, they do not age differently and are protected from estrogen-mediated post-menopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Goldberg
- Matrix Dynamics Group- Faculty of Dentistry, Fitzgerald Building 150 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S3E2, Canada,
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Muramyl dipeptide enhances lipopolysaccharide-induced osteoclast formation and bone resorption through increased RANKL expression in stromal cells. J Immunol Res 2015; 2015:132765. [PMID: 26000311 PMCID: PMC4427123 DOI: 10.1155/2015/132765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2014] [Revised: 12/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is bacterial cell wall component capable of inducing osteoclast formation and pathological bone resorption. Muramyl dipeptide (MDP), the minimal essential structural unit responsible for the immunological activity of peptidoglycans, is ubiquitously expressed by bacterium. In this study, we investigated the effect of MDP in LPS-induced osteoclast formation and bone resorption. LPS was administered with or without MDP into the supracalvariae of mice. The number of osteoclasts, the level of mRNA for cathepsin K and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), the ratio of the bone destruction area, the level of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase form 5b (TRACP 5b), and C-terminal telopeptides fragments of type I collagen as a marker of bone resorption in mice administrated both LPS and MDP were higher than those in mice administrated LPS or MDP alone. On the other hand, MDP had no effect on osteoclastogenesis in parathyroid hormone administrated mice. MDP enhanced LPS-induced receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) expression and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression in vivo and in stromal cells in vitro. MDP also enhanced LPS-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, including ERK, p38, and JNK, in stromal cells. These results suggest that MDP might play an important role in pathological bone resorption in bacterial infection diseases.
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38
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Robinson JW, Li JY, Walker LD, Tyagi AM, Reott MA, Yu M, Adams J, Weitzmann MN, Pacifici R. T cell-expressed CD40L potentiates the bone anabolic activity of intermittent PTH treatment. J Bone Miner Res 2015; 30:695-705. [PMID: 25359628 PMCID: PMC4376617 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
T cells are known to potentiate the bone anabolic activity of intermittent parathyroid hormone (iPTH) treatment. One of the involved mechanisms is increased T cell secretion of Wnt10b, a potent osteogenic Wnt ligand that activates Wnt signaling in stromal cells (SCs). However, additional mechanisms might play a role, including direct interactions between surface receptors expressed by T cells and SCs. Here we show that iPTH failed to promote SC proliferation and differentiation into osteoblasts (OBs) and activate Wnt signaling in SCs of mice with a global or T cell-specific deletion of the T cell costimulatory molecule CD40 ligand (CD40L). Attesting to the relevance of T cell-expressed CD40L, iPTH induced a blunted increase in bone formation and failed to increase trabecular bone volume in CD40L(-/-) mice and mice with a T cell-specific deletion of CD40L. CD40L null mice exhibited a blunted increase in T cell production of Wnt10b and abrogated CD40 signaling in SCs in response to iPTH treatment. Therefore, expression of the T cell surface receptor CD40L enables iPTH to exert its bone anabolic activity by activating CD40 signaling in SCs and maximally stimulating T cell production of Wnt10b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerid W Robinson
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Abstract
Bone metabolism is regulated by the action of two skeletal cells: osteoblasts and osteoclasts. This process is controlled by many genetic, hormonal and lifestyle factors, but today more and more studies have allowed us to identify a neuronal regulation system termed 'bone-brain crosstalk', which highlights a direct relationship between bone tissue and the nervous system. The first documentation of an anatomic relationship between nerves and bone was made via a wood cut by Charles Estienne in Paris in 1545. His diagram demonstrated nerves entering and leaving the bones of a skeleton. Later, several studies were conducted on bone innervation and, as of today, many observations on the regulation of bone remodeling by neurons and neuropeptides that reside in the CNS have created a new research field, that is, neuroskeletal research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Metozzi
- a 1 Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, Metabolic Bone Diseases Unit, University of Florence, Largo Palagi 1, 50138 Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Bonamassa
- a 1 Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, Metabolic Bone Diseases Unit, University of Florence, Largo Palagi 1, 50138 Florence, Italy
| | - Gemma Brandi
- b 2 Public Mental Health system 1-4 of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Brandi
- c 3 Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine, Metabolic Bone Diseases Unit, AOUC Careggi, University of Florence, Largo Palagi 1, 50138 Florence, Italy
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40
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de Baaij JHF, Hoenderop JGJ, Bindels RJM. Magnesium in man: implications for health and disease. Physiol Rev 2015; 95:1-46. [PMID: 25540137 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00012.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 870] [Impact Index Per Article: 96.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg(2+)) is an essential ion to the human body, playing an instrumental role in supporting and sustaining health and life. As the second most abundant intracellular cation after potassium, it is involved in over 600 enzymatic reactions including energy metabolism and protein synthesis. Although Mg(2+) availability has been proven to be disturbed during several clinical situations, serum Mg(2+) values are not generally determined in patients. This review aims to provide an overview of the function of Mg(2+) in human health and disease. In short, Mg(2+) plays an important physiological role particularly in the brain, heart, and skeletal muscles. Moreover, Mg(2+) supplementation has been shown to be beneficial in treatment of, among others, preeclampsia, migraine, depression, coronary artery disease, and asthma. Over the last decade, several hereditary forms of hypomagnesemia have been deciphered, including mutations in transient receptor potential melastatin type 6 (TRPM6), claudin 16, and cyclin M2 (CNNM2). Recently, mutations in Mg(2+) transporter 1 (MagT1) were linked to T-cell deficiency underlining the important role of Mg(2+) in cell viability. Moreover, hypomagnesemia can be the consequence of the use of certain types of drugs, such as diuretics, epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors, calcineurin inhibitors, and proton pump inhibitors. This review provides an extensive and comprehensive overview of Mg(2+) research over the last few decades, focusing on the regulation of Mg(2+) homeostasis in the intestine, kidney, and bone and disturbances which may result in hypomagnesemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen H F de Baaij
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Joost G J Hoenderop
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - René J M Bindels
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Zhang Y, Wang L, Deng F, Qiu H, Wu X. Determination of a critical size calvarial defect in senile osteoporotic mice model based on in vivo micro-computed tomography and histological evaluation. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2015; 61:44-55. [PMID: 25682535 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2015.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate differences in the spontaneous healing capacity of senescence-prone inbred strains (SAMP6) and senescence-resistant inbred strains (SAMR1) and determine the critical defect size in a mouse model of senescence-accelerated osteoporosis. METHODS Unilateral full-thickness calvarial defects 2 or 4mm in diameter were made in 6-month-old male SAMP6 and SAMR1. Defects were evaluated in vivo by micro-CT at day 0 and 6 and 12 weeks postoperatively. Calvarial specimens were harvested at 12 weeks for hematoxylin and eosin staining, Masson's trichrome staining, and tartrate-resistant-acid-phosphatase (TRAP) staining. RESULTS Less new bone was observed in defects in SAMP6 compared to SAMR1 at 12 weeks postsurgery, with <5% healing in SAMP6 for both 2- and 4-mm defects compared to >5% healing in 2-mm defects in SAMRI (P<0.05). Histological analysis revealed dense connective tissue but little bone healing in 2- and 4-mm defects in SAMP6 and 4-mm defects in SAMR1. New bone was observed at the periphery of the 2-mm defects in SAMR1. Masson's trichrome staining also supported these findings. No obvious TRAP-positive cells were observed at the defect margins, but SAMP6 exhibited greater osteoclast numbers and surface areas in the diploë of contralateral bone compared to smaller osteoblast numbers and surface areas at the defect sites in SAMR1. CONCLUSIONS Defects of 2mm or larger in the cranium was critical-size or nonhealing defects in both SAMP6 and SAMR1. The differential findings on micro-CT and histomorphometry for the calvarial defect sites between SAMP6 and SAMR1 may imply different regenerative abilities of intramembranous ossification in these two strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 426 Songshibei Road, Yubei, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 426 Songshibei Road, Yubei, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China.
| | - Feng Deng
- Chongqing key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China; Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 426 Songshibei Road, Yubei, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Hongmei Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Yixueyuan Road, Yuzhong, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiaohong Wu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 426 Songshibei Road, Yubei, Chongqing 401147, China; Chongqing key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China.
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Wang TY, Lo YL, Chou PC, Chung FT, Lin SM, Lin TY, Lin HC, Wang CH, Yu CT, Kuo HP. Associated bone mineral density and obstructive sleep apnea in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2015; 10:231-7. [PMID: 25673983 PMCID: PMC4321657 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s72099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis is an important issue for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Worse systemic inflammation and reduced exercise capacity have been reported in COPD patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), implying that OSA may be an independent factor for osteoporosis in COPD patients. METHODS A total of 66 patients with bone mineral density (BMD) and polysomnography results from a previous COPD cohort (January 2008 to January 2013) were retrospectively enrolled. Clinical characteristics such as medication, pulmonary function, BMD, and results of polysomnography were analyzed. RESULTS The BMD in those with OSA was significantly lower than in those without OSA (-1.99±1.63 versus -1.27±1.14, P=0.045). In univariate analysis, body mass index, forced expiratory volume in 1 second, percentage of predicted value, incremental shuttle walk test, apnea-hypopnea index, and oxygen desaturation index (ODI) were significantly associated with BMD. After multivariate linear regression analysis, the ODI was still an independent factor for BMD. In addition, smaller total lung capacity is significantly associated with higher ODI and lower BMD, which implies that lower BMD might cause severer OSA via decreased total lung capacity. CONCLUSION OSA may be an independent factor for BMD in patients with COPD, which implies a possible vicious cycle takes place in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsai-Yu Wang
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, School of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lun Lo
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, School of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taipei, Taiwan ; Healthcare Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pai-Chien Chou
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, School of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Tsai Chung
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, School of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Min Lin
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, School of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yu Lin
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, School of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Chyuan Lin
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, School of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hua Wang
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, School of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Teng Yu
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, School of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Pin Kuo
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, School of Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Park H, Noh ALSM, Kang JH, Sim JS, Lee DS, Yim M. Peroxiredoxin II negatively regulates lipopolysaccharide-induced osteoclast formation and bone loss via JNK and STAT3. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 22:63-77. [PMID: 25074339 PMCID: PMC4270137 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is considered a prominent pathogenic factor in inflammatory bone diseases. LPS challenge contributes to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in diverse inflammatory diseases. However, its mechanism remains to be clarified in bone. Thus, we investigated the critical mechanism of ROS in LPS-induced osteoclastogenesis and bone loss. RESULTS Antioxidant prevented LPS-induced osteoclast formation via inhibition of nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1) and c-Fos expression in preosteoclasts. Moreover, LPS-induced osteoclast formation via ROS was attenuated by treatment with c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK) inhibitor. Interestingly, LPS also activated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), which is suppressed by antioxidants. We found that knockdown of STAT3 or use of a STAT3 inhibitor resulted in a significant reduction in interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and nitric oxide (NO) production, followed by decreased osteoclast formation by LPS. Peroxiredoxin II (PrxII) is a member of the antioxidant enzyme family, and it plays a protective role against oxidative damage caused by ROS. In our study, ROS production and osteoclast formation by LPS was significantly enhanced in PrxII(-/-) cells. Moreover, JNK-mediated c-Fos and NFATc1 expression was promoted in PrxII(-/-) cells. Furthermore, STAT3 activation and accompanying IL-1β, IL-6, and NO production was also increased in PrxII(-/-) cells. Consistent with the in vitro result, PrxII-deficient mice showed increased osteoclast formation and bone loss by LPS challenge compared with wild-type mice. INNOVATION For the first time, we showed that LPS-induced ROS signaling is dependent on the coordinated mechanism of JNK and STAT3 during osteoclastogenesis, which is negatively regulated by PrxII. CONCLUSION We suggest that PrxII could be useful in the development of a novel target for inflammatory bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyojung Park
- 1 College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Ishtiaq S, Fogelman I, Hampson G. Treatment of post-menopausal osteoporosis: beyond bisphosphonates. J Endocrinol Invest 2015; 38:13-29. [PMID: 25194424 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-014-0152-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a highly prevalent condition, characterized by compromised bone strength and fragility fractures and with an important associated socio-economic burden. Bisphosphonates are well established as the first line treatment for osteoporosis. However, while randomized control trials have in general demonstrated reasonable anti-fracture efficacy at the spine, they have shown moderate reduction in fracture incidence for non-vertebral sites. Furthermore, oral bisphosphonates are commonly associated with adverse gastrointestinal effects and both oral and parenteral bisphosphonates have been linked with osteonecrosis of the jaw and atypical femoral fracture, two rare but debilitating side effects. In addition, bisphosphonates are not recommended in patients with GFR <35 ml/min/1.73 m(2). Hence, there is a clear requirement for newer agents, which are able to reduce fracture risk further, whilst overcoming the limitations of bisphosphonates. Over the past 20 years, knowledge and a deeper understanding of the various signalling pathways involved in bone remodelling has increased, enabling identification of additional targets for therapy. This review focuses on these newer therapies and includes anti-resorptive agents such as raloxifene and other selective oestrogen receptor modulators, the monoclonal antibody denosumab (which inhibits the RANKL pathway), odanacatib, a cathepsin K inhibitor and the anabolic agents, PTH analogue; PTH (1-34) and anti-sclerostin antibodies (activator of the Wnt pathway). Strontium ranelate will not be reviewed as recent reports highlight concerns surrounding its cardiovascular safety and together with an apparent increased risk of thrombosis, its future use remains uncertain. Some of these agents such as raloxifene, denosumab and teriparatide are already in clinical use whilst others are at varying stages of development. This review will provide an overview of the mechanisms of action of these therapeutic agents on the skeleton and assess their efficacy in osteoporosis and fracture prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ishtiaq
- Osteoporosis Screening Unit, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
- Department of Chemical Pathology, St Thomas' Hospital, 5th Floor, North Wing, Lambeth Palace Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - I Fogelman
- Osteoporosis Screening Unit, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - G Hampson
- Osteoporosis Screening Unit, Guy's Hospital, London, UK.
- Department of Chemical Pathology, St Thomas' Hospital, 5th Floor, North Wing, Lambeth Palace Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK.
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Camara C, Zhou LY, Ma Y, Zhu L, Yu D, Zhao YW, Yang NH. Effect of ovariectomy on serum adiponectin levels and visceral fat in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 34:825-829. [DOI: 10.1007/s11596-014-1360-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Zheng J, Mao X, Ling J, He Q, Quan J, Jiang H. Association between serum level of magnesium and postmenopausal osteoporosis: a meta-analysis. Biol Trace Elem Res 2014; 159:8-14. [PMID: 24728877 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-014-9961-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
There are conflicting reports as to the association between serum level of magnesium (Mg) and postmenopausal osteoporosis (OP). The purpose of the present study is to clarify the association between serum level of Mg and postmenopausal OP using a meta-analysis approach. We searched articles indexed in Pubmed and the Chinese Journal Full-text Database (CJFD) published as of October 2013 that met our predefined criteria. Seven eligible studies involving 1,349 postmenopausal women from 12 case-control study arms were identified. Overall, pooled analysis indicated that postmenopausal osteoporotic women had a lower serum level of Mg than the healthy controls (standardized mean difference [SMD]=-0.55, 95 % confidence interval [CI]=-0.83 to -0.26). Further subgroup analysis found a similar pattern in Turkey (SMD=-0.66, 95% CI=-0.99 to -0.32) and Belgium (SMD=-0.98, 95% CI=-1.91 to -0.05), but not in China (SMD=0.02, 95% CI=-0.21 to 0.26). And the difference of serum level of Mg between postmenopausal osteoporotic women and healthy controls below the age of 60 years (SMD=-0.61, 95% CI=-1.09 to -0.13) was similar to that among the population over 60 years (SMD=-0.49, 95% CI=-0.80 to -0.18).In conclusion, this meta-analysis suggests that the low serum level of Mg seems to be a risk factor for OP among the postmenopausal women. However, the subgroup analysis found that there was contradiction regarding races and geography, like China and Turkey. Thus, this finding needs further confirmation by trans-regional multicenter study to obtain better understanding of causal relationships between serum Mg and postmenopausal OP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmao Zheng
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510055, Guangdong, China
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Zheng T, Wang X, Yim M. Miconazole inhibits receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand-mediated osteoclast formation and function. Eur J Pharmacol 2014; 737:185-93. [PMID: 24842191 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2014.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Osteoclasts are responsible for bone erosion in diseases as diverse as osteoporosis, periodontitis, and rheumatoid arthritis. Antifungal products have received recent attention as potential therapeutic and preventative drugs in human disease. Since little is known about the action of miconazole, an antifungal imidazole, on bone metabolism, we investigated the effects of miconazole on osteoclast formation using mouse bone marrow macrophages (BMMs). Miconazole inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclast formation in a dose-dependent manner without cytotoxicity. Furthermore, miconazole inhibited the bone resorptive activity of osteoclasts. Miconazole suppressed RANKL-induced expression of c-Fos and NFATc1, two essential transcription factors for osteoclast differentiation. Miconazole seemed to inhibit osteoclast formation MAPK pathways as well as Blimp1 through MafB expression. Miconazole also inhibited RANKL-induced expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, COX-2 and iNOS. In accordance with the in vitro study, miconazole reduced lipopolysaccharide-induced osteoclast formation in vivo. Therefore, miconazole exerted an inhibitory effect on osteoclast formation in vitro and in vivo. It could be useful for the treatment of bone diseases associated with excessive bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women׳s University, Hyochangwongil 52, Yongsan-ku, Seoul 140-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women׳s University, Hyochangwongil 52, Yongsan-ku, Seoul 140-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Mijung Yim
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women׳s University, Hyochangwongil 52, Yongsan-ku, Seoul 140-742, Republic of Korea.
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Wang L, Zhao Y, Liu Y, Akiyama K, Chen C, Qu C, Jin Y, Shi S. IFN-γ and TNF-α synergistically induce mesenchymal stem cell impairment and tumorigenesis via NFκB signaling. Stem Cells 2014; 31:1383-95. [PMID: 23553791 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
An inflammatory microenvironment may cause organ degenerative diseases and malignant tumors. However, the precise mechanisms of inflammation-induced diseases are not fully understood. Here, we show that the proinflammatory cytokines interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) synergistically impair self-renewal and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) via nuclear factor κB (NFκB)-mediated activation of mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 7 (SMAD7) in ovariectomized (OVX) mice. More interestingly, a long-term elevated levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α result in significantly increased susceptibility to malignant transformation in MSCs through NFκB-mediated upregulation of the oncogenes c-Fos and c-Myc. Depletion of either IFN-γ or TNF-α in OVX mice abolishes MSC impairment and the tendency toward malignant transformation with no NFκB-mediated oncogene activation. Systemic administration of aspirin, which significantly reduces the levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α, results in blockage of MSC deficiency and tumorigenesis by inhibition of NFκB/SMAD7 and NFκB/c-FOS and c-MYC pathways in OVX mice. In summary, this study reveals that inflammation factors, such as IFN-γ and TNF-α, synergistically induce MSC deficiency via NFκB/SMAD7 signaling and tumorigenesis via NFκB-mediated oncogene activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Firouzi D, Youssef A, Amer M, Srouji R, Amleh A, Foucher DA, Bougherara H. A new technique to improve the mechanical and biological performance of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene using a nylon coating. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2014; 32:198-209. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Revised: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Association between postmenopausal osteoporosis and experimental periodontitis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:316134. [PMID: 24683547 PMCID: PMC3934589 DOI: 10.1155/2014/316134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the correlation between postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO) and the pathogenesis of periodontitis, ovariectomized rats were generated and the experimental periodontitis was induced using a silk ligature. The inflammatory factors and bone metabolic markers were measured in the serum and periodontal tissues of ovariectomized rats using an automatic chemistry analyzer, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and immunohistochemistry. The bone mineral density of whole body, pelvis, and spine was analyzed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and image analysis. All data were analyzed using SPSS 13.0 statistical software. It was found that ovariectomy could upregulate the expression of interleukin- (IL-)6, the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), and osteoprotegerin (OPG) and downregulate IL-10 expression in periodontal tissues, which resulted in progressive alveolar bone loss in experimental periodontitis. This study indicates that changes of cytokines and bone turnover markers in the periodontal tissues of ovariectomized rats contribute to the damage of periodontal tissues.
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