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Pitcher JL, Alexander N, Miranda PJ, Johns TG. ErbB4 in the brain: Focus on high grade glioma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:983514. [PMID: 36119496 PMCID: PMC9471956 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.983514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) consists of EGFR, ErbB2, ErbB3, and ErbB4. These receptors play key roles in cell proliferation, angiogenesis, cell migration, and in some cases, tumor promotion. ErbB4 is a unique member of the EGFR family, implicated not only in pro-tumorigenic mechanisms, such as cell proliferation and migration, but also in anti-tumorigenic activities, including cell differentiation and apoptosis. ErbB4 is differentially expressed in a wide variety of tissues, and interestingly, as different isoforms that result in vastly different signalling outcomes. Most studies have either ignored the presence of these isoforms or used overexpression models that may mask the true function of ErbB4. ErbB4 is widely expressed throughout the body with significant expression in skeletal tissue, mammary glands, heart, and brain. Knockout models have demonstrated embryonic lethality due to disrupted heart and brain development. Despite high expression in the brain and a critical role in brain development, remarkably little is known about the potential signalling activity of ErbB4 in brain cancer.This review focuses on the unique biology of ErbB4 in the brain, and in particular, highlights brain cancer research findings. We end the review with a focus on high grade gliomas, primarily glioblastoma, a disease that has been shown to involve EGFR and its mutant forms. The role of the different ErbB4 isotypes in high grade gliomas is still unclear and future research will hopefully shed some light on this question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie-Lee Pitcher
- Oncogenic Signalling Laboratory, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- *Correspondence: Jamie-Lee Pitcher,
| | - Naomi Alexander
- Oncogenic Signalling Laboratory, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Panimaya Jeffreena Miranda
- Oncogenic Signalling Laboratory, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Division of Paediatrics/Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Terrance G. Johns
- Oncogenic Signalling Laboratory, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Division of Paediatrics/Centre for Child Health Research, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
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Yu J, Fang T, Yun C, Liu X, Cai X. Antibody-Drug Conjugates Targeting the Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Family in Cancers. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:847835. [PMID: 35295841 PMCID: PMC8919033 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.847835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) family, which includes HER1 (also known as EGFR), HER2, HER3 and HER4, have played a central role in regulating cell proliferation, survival, differentiation and migration. The overexpression of the HER family has been recognized as one of the most common cellular dysregulation associated with a wide variety of tumor types. Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) represent a new and promising class of anticancer therapeutics that combine the cancer specificity of antibodies with cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs. Two HER2-directed ADCs, trastuzumane-emtansine (T-DM1) and trastuzumab-deruxtecan (DS-8201a), have been approved for HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2013 and 2019, respectively. A third HER2-directed ADC, disitamab vedotin (RC48), has been approved for locally advanced or metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer by the NMPA (National Medical Products Administration) of China in 2021. A total of 11 ADCs that target HER family receptors (EGFR, HER2 or HER3) are currently under clinical trials. In this review article, we summarize the three approved ADCs (T-DM1, DS-8201a and RC48), together with the investigational EGFR-directed ADCs (ABT-414, MRG003 and M1231), HER2-directed ADCs (SYD985, ARX-788, A166, MRG002, ALT-P7, GQ1001 and SBT6050) and HER3-directed ADC (U3-1402). Lastly, we discuss the major challenges associated with the development of ADCs, and highlight the possible future directions to tackle these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xiaoqing Cai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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3
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Lucas LM, Dwivedi V, Senfeld JI, Cullum RL, Mill CP, Piazza JT, Bryant IN, Cook LJ, Miller ST, Lott JH, Kelley CM, Knerr EL, Markham JA, Kaufmann DP, Jacobi MA, Shen J, Riese DJ. The Yin and Yang of ERBB4: Tumor Suppressor and Oncoprotein. Pharmacol Rev 2022; 74:18-47. [PMID: 34987087 PMCID: PMC11060329 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.121.000381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
ERBB4 (HER4) is a member of the ERBB family of receptor tyrosine kinases, a family that includes the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR/ERBB1/HER1), ERBB2 (Neu/HER2), and ERBB3 (HER3). EGFR and ERBB2 are oncoproteins and validated targets for therapeutic intervention in a variety of solid tumors. In contrast, the role that ERBB4 plays in human malignancies is ambiguous. Thus, here we review the literature regarding ERBB4 function in human malignancies. We review the mechanisms of ERBB4 signaling with an emphasis on mechanisms of signaling specificity. In the context of this signaling specificity, we discuss the hypothesis that ERBB4 appears to function as a tumor suppressor protein and as an oncoprotein. Next, we review the literature that describes the role of ERBB4 in tumors of the bladder, liver, prostate, brain, colon, stomach, lung, bone, ovary, thyroid, hematopoietic tissues, pancreas, breast, skin, head, and neck. Whenever possible, we discuss the possibility that ERBB4 mutants function as biomarkers in these tumors. Finally, we discuss the potential roles of ERBB4 mutants in the staging of human tumors and how ERBB4 function may dictate the treatment of human tumors. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This articles reviews ERBB4 function in the context of the mechanistic model that ERBB4 homodimers function as tumor suppressors, whereas ERBB4-EGFR or ERBB4-ERBB2 heterodimers act as oncogenes. Thus, this review serves as a mechanistic framework for clinicians and scientists to consider the role of ERBB4 and ERBB4 mutants in staging and treating human tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Lucas
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (L.M.L., V.D., J.I.S., R.L.C., C.P.M., J.T.P., L.J.C., S.T.M., J.H.L., C.M.K., E.L.K., J.A.M., D.P.K., M.A.J., J.S., D.J.R.), and Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering (R.L.C.), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (C.P.M.); Office of the Executive Vice President for Research and Partnerships, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (I.N.B.); and Cancer Biology and Immunology Program, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (D.J.R.)
| | - Vipasha Dwivedi
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (L.M.L., V.D., J.I.S., R.L.C., C.P.M., J.T.P., L.J.C., S.T.M., J.H.L., C.M.K., E.L.K., J.A.M., D.P.K., M.A.J., J.S., D.J.R.), and Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering (R.L.C.), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (C.P.M.); Office of the Executive Vice President for Research and Partnerships, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (I.N.B.); and Cancer Biology and Immunology Program, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (D.J.R.)
| | - Jared I Senfeld
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (L.M.L., V.D., J.I.S., R.L.C., C.P.M., J.T.P., L.J.C., S.T.M., J.H.L., C.M.K., E.L.K., J.A.M., D.P.K., M.A.J., J.S., D.J.R.), and Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering (R.L.C.), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (C.P.M.); Office of the Executive Vice President for Research and Partnerships, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (I.N.B.); and Cancer Biology and Immunology Program, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (D.J.R.)
| | - Richard L Cullum
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (L.M.L., V.D., J.I.S., R.L.C., C.P.M., J.T.P., L.J.C., S.T.M., J.H.L., C.M.K., E.L.K., J.A.M., D.P.K., M.A.J., J.S., D.J.R.), and Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering (R.L.C.), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (C.P.M.); Office of the Executive Vice President for Research and Partnerships, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (I.N.B.); and Cancer Biology and Immunology Program, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (D.J.R.)
| | - Christopher P Mill
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (L.M.L., V.D., J.I.S., R.L.C., C.P.M., J.T.P., L.J.C., S.T.M., J.H.L., C.M.K., E.L.K., J.A.M., D.P.K., M.A.J., J.S., D.J.R.), and Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering (R.L.C.), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (C.P.M.); Office of the Executive Vice President for Research and Partnerships, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (I.N.B.); and Cancer Biology and Immunology Program, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (D.J.R.)
| | - J Tyler Piazza
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (L.M.L., V.D., J.I.S., R.L.C., C.P.M., J.T.P., L.J.C., S.T.M., J.H.L., C.M.K., E.L.K., J.A.M., D.P.K., M.A.J., J.S., D.J.R.), and Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering (R.L.C.), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (C.P.M.); Office of the Executive Vice President for Research and Partnerships, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (I.N.B.); and Cancer Biology and Immunology Program, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (D.J.R.)
| | - Ianthe N Bryant
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (L.M.L., V.D., J.I.S., R.L.C., C.P.M., J.T.P., L.J.C., S.T.M., J.H.L., C.M.K., E.L.K., J.A.M., D.P.K., M.A.J., J.S., D.J.R.), and Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering (R.L.C.), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (C.P.M.); Office of the Executive Vice President for Research and Partnerships, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (I.N.B.); and Cancer Biology and Immunology Program, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (D.J.R.)
| | - Laura J Cook
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (L.M.L., V.D., J.I.S., R.L.C., C.P.M., J.T.P., L.J.C., S.T.M., J.H.L., C.M.K., E.L.K., J.A.M., D.P.K., M.A.J., J.S., D.J.R.), and Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering (R.L.C.), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (C.P.M.); Office of the Executive Vice President for Research and Partnerships, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (I.N.B.); and Cancer Biology and Immunology Program, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (D.J.R.)
| | - S Tyler Miller
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (L.M.L., V.D., J.I.S., R.L.C., C.P.M., J.T.P., L.J.C., S.T.M., J.H.L., C.M.K., E.L.K., J.A.M., D.P.K., M.A.J., J.S., D.J.R.), and Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering (R.L.C.), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (C.P.M.); Office of the Executive Vice President for Research and Partnerships, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (I.N.B.); and Cancer Biology and Immunology Program, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (D.J.R.)
| | - James H Lott
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (L.M.L., V.D., J.I.S., R.L.C., C.P.M., J.T.P., L.J.C., S.T.M., J.H.L., C.M.K., E.L.K., J.A.M., D.P.K., M.A.J., J.S., D.J.R.), and Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering (R.L.C.), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (C.P.M.); Office of the Executive Vice President for Research and Partnerships, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (I.N.B.); and Cancer Biology and Immunology Program, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (D.J.R.)
| | - Connor M Kelley
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (L.M.L., V.D., J.I.S., R.L.C., C.P.M., J.T.P., L.J.C., S.T.M., J.H.L., C.M.K., E.L.K., J.A.M., D.P.K., M.A.J., J.S., D.J.R.), and Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering (R.L.C.), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (C.P.M.); Office of the Executive Vice President for Research and Partnerships, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (I.N.B.); and Cancer Biology and Immunology Program, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (D.J.R.)
| | - Elizabeth L Knerr
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (L.M.L., V.D., J.I.S., R.L.C., C.P.M., J.T.P., L.J.C., S.T.M., J.H.L., C.M.K., E.L.K., J.A.M., D.P.K., M.A.J., J.S., D.J.R.), and Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering (R.L.C.), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (C.P.M.); Office of the Executive Vice President for Research and Partnerships, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (I.N.B.); and Cancer Biology and Immunology Program, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (D.J.R.)
| | - Jessica A Markham
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (L.M.L., V.D., J.I.S., R.L.C., C.P.M., J.T.P., L.J.C., S.T.M., J.H.L., C.M.K., E.L.K., J.A.M., D.P.K., M.A.J., J.S., D.J.R.), and Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering (R.L.C.), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (C.P.M.); Office of the Executive Vice President for Research and Partnerships, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (I.N.B.); and Cancer Biology and Immunology Program, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (D.J.R.)
| | - David P Kaufmann
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (L.M.L., V.D., J.I.S., R.L.C., C.P.M., J.T.P., L.J.C., S.T.M., J.H.L., C.M.K., E.L.K., J.A.M., D.P.K., M.A.J., J.S., D.J.R.), and Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering (R.L.C.), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (C.P.M.); Office of the Executive Vice President for Research and Partnerships, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (I.N.B.); and Cancer Biology and Immunology Program, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (D.J.R.)
| | - Megan A Jacobi
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (L.M.L., V.D., J.I.S., R.L.C., C.P.M., J.T.P., L.J.C., S.T.M., J.H.L., C.M.K., E.L.K., J.A.M., D.P.K., M.A.J., J.S., D.J.R.), and Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering (R.L.C.), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (C.P.M.); Office of the Executive Vice President for Research and Partnerships, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (I.N.B.); and Cancer Biology and Immunology Program, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (D.J.R.)
| | - Jianzhong Shen
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (L.M.L., V.D., J.I.S., R.L.C., C.P.M., J.T.P., L.J.C., S.T.M., J.H.L., C.M.K., E.L.K., J.A.M., D.P.K., M.A.J., J.S., D.J.R.), and Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering (R.L.C.), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (C.P.M.); Office of the Executive Vice President for Research and Partnerships, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (I.N.B.); and Cancer Biology and Immunology Program, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (D.J.R.)
| | - David J Riese
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy (L.M.L., V.D., J.I.S., R.L.C., C.P.M., J.T.P., L.J.C., S.T.M., J.H.L., C.M.K., E.L.K., J.A.M., D.P.K., M.A.J., J.S., D.J.R.), and Department of Chemical Engineering, Samuel Ginn College of Engineering (R.L.C.), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas (C.P.M.); Office of the Executive Vice President for Research and Partnerships, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (I.N.B.); and Cancer Biology and Immunology Program, O'Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama (D.J.R.)
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Scodes S, Cappuzzo F. Determining the appropriate treatment for different EGFR mutations in non-small cell lung cancer patients. Expert Rev Respir Med 2020; 14:565-576. [PMID: 32233809 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2020.1746646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations occur in a significant fraction of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Most common activating mutations are in-frame deletion in exon 19 and point mutation in exon 21. EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) represent standard of care of EGFR mutated patients bearing common mutations. Therapy for individuals carrying uncommon mutations, such as G719X, L861Q, S768I, is less defined and few options exist for individuals harboring EGFR exon 20 mutations. In all mutated patients, drug resistance remains the most critical clinical problem and new agents and strategies are under investigation.Areas covered: We have reviewed the current status of NSCLC EGFR mutated treatment by analyzing data from preclinical studies, clinical prospective and retrospective trials in order to analyze current and future options for patients harboring different EGFR mutations.Expert opinion: At the present time, available data demonstrated that osimertinib is the best EGFR-TKI for front-line therapy. Other agents, such as dacomitinib, and new drug combinations, such as regimens including anti-angiogenic agents or chemotherapy, demonstrated to significantly prolong progression-free survival or overall survival, representing potential alternative to osimertinib. Many questions remain opened, including best drug sequencing and needing of new therapeutic approaches extending patient survival and cure rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Scodes
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, AUSL Romagna, Ravenna, Italy
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Nami B, Maadi H, Wang Z. Mechanisms Underlying the Action and Synergism of Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab in Targeting HER2-Positive Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10100342. [PMID: 30241301 PMCID: PMC6210751 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10100342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) 2 (HER2) is overexpressed in 20⁻30% of breast cancers. HER2 is a preferred target for treating HER2-positive breast cancer. Trastuzumab and pertuzumab are two HER2-targeted monoclonal antibodies approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to use as adjuvant therapy in combination with docetaxel to treat metastatic HER2-positive breast cancer. Adding the monoclonal antibodies to treatment regimen has changed the paradigm for treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer. Despite improving outcomes, the percentage of the patients who benefit from the treatment is still low. Continued research and development of novel agents and strategies of drug combinations is needed. A thorough understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the action and synergism of trastuzumab and pertuzumab is essential for moving forward to achieve high efficacy in treating HER2-positive breast cancer. This review examined and analyzed findings and hypotheses regarding the action and synergism of trastuzumab and pertuzumab and proposed a model of synergism based on available information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Nami
- Signal Transduction Research Group, Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada.
| | - Hamid Maadi
- Signal Transduction Research Group, Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada.
| | - Zhixiang Wang
- Signal Transduction Research Group, Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada.
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6
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Waller CF, Vutikullird A, Lawrence TE, Shaw A, Liu MS, Baczkowski M, Sharma R, Barve A, Goyal P, Donnelly C, Sengupta N, Pennella EJ. A pharmacokinetics phase 1 bioequivalence study of the trastuzumab biosimilar MYL-1401O vs. EU-trastuzumab and US-trastuzumab. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2018; 84:2336-2343. [PMID: 29926514 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Trastuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that binds the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) oncoprotein and is an effective therapy for HER2-overexpressing breast cancer. MYL-1401O is a trastuzumab biosimilar. Here, we report results from a phase 1 study that investigated bioequivalence among MYL-1401O, reference EU-trastuzumab and US-trastuzumab. METHODS This single-centre, randomized, double-blind, three-arm, parallel-group, phase 1 study was conducted in healthy adult male volunteers. Subjects were randomized 1:1:1 to receive a single 8 mg kg-1 dose of MYL-1401O, EU-trastuzumab or US-trastuzumab as a 90-min intravenous infusion. The primary objective was to assess PK similarity among all three products. Primary endpoints assessed were peak serum concentration (Cmax), area under the serum concentration-time curve from time of dosing to time of last quantifiable concentration and from time of dosing to infinity. Secondary endpoints included time of Cmax, elimination rate constant, half-life, safety and immunogenicity. RESULTS Of 132 subjects enrolled (44/treatment), 120 (MYL-1401O, n = 42; EU-trastuzumab, n = 41; US-trastuzumab, n = 37) were included in the PK analysis. The 90% confidence intervals of the ratios of geometric means for the primary endpoints were bounded within the predefined bioequivalence criterion of 80-125%. Secondary endpoints time of Cmax, elimination rate constant and half-life were similar among groups. All treatment-emergent adverse events were mild or moderate, similar across groups and no serious adverse events were reported. No treatment-related antidrug antibodies were detected. CONCLUSIONS MYL-1401O was well tolerated and demonstrated PK and safety profiles similar to EU-trastuzumab and US-trastuzumab in healthy volunteers (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02594761).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelius F Waller
- Department of Haematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Centre Freiburg, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Parag Goyal
- Mylan Pharmaceuticals Private Limited, Hyderabad, India
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7
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Ruiz-Saenz A, Dreyer C, Campbell MR, Steri V, Gulizia N, Moasser MM. HER2 Amplification in Tumors Activates PI3K/Akt Signaling Independent of HER3. Cancer Res 2018; 78:3645-3658. [PMID: 29760043 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-0430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Current evidence suggests that HER2-driven tumorigenesis requires HER3. This is likely due to the unique ability of HER3 to activate PI3K/Akt pathway signaling, which is not directly accessible to HER2. By genetic elimination of HER3 or shRNA knockdown of HER3 in HER2-amplified cancer cells, we find residual HER2-driven activation of PI3K/Akt pathway signaling that is driven by HER2 through direct and indirect mechanisms. Indirect mechanisms involved second messenger pathways, including Ras or Grb2. Direct binding of HER2 to PI3K occurred through p-Tyr1139, which has a weak affinity for PI3K but becomes significant at very high expression and phosphorylation. Mutation of Y1139 impaired the tumorigenic competency of HER2. Total elimination of HER3 expression in HCC1569 HER2-amplified cancer cells significantly impaired tumorigenicity only transiently, overcome by subsequent increases in HER2 expression and phosphorylation with binding and activation of PI3K. In contrast to activation of oncogenes by mutation, activation by overexpression was quantitative in nature: weak intrinsic activities were strengthened by overexpression, with additional gains observed through further increases in expression. Collectively, these data show that progressive functional gains by HER2 can increase its repertoire of activities such as the activation of PI3K and overcome its dependency on HER3.Significance: The intrinsic ability of HER2 to activate PI3K correlates with increased HER2 expression and can supplant the dependency upon HER3 for growth in HER2-amplified cancers. Cancer Res; 78(13); 3645-58. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ruiz-Saenz
- Department of Medicine, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Courtney Dreyer
- Department of Medicine, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Marcia R Campbell
- Department of Medicine, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Veronica Steri
- Department of Medicine, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Nate Gulizia
- Department of Medicine, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Mark M Moasser
- Department of Medicine, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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8
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Wang J, Yin J, Yang Q, Ding F, Chen X, Li B, Tian X. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 4 (HER4) is a favorable prognostic marker of breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2018; 7:76693-76703. [PMID: 27736797 PMCID: PMC5363541 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on a large cohort of clinical studies involving a total of 8024 patients and reporting the effects of HER4 on breast cancer prognosis, we conducted the first meta-analysis and review of this type. We identified 26 studies published between 1985 and 2016 and assessed the prognostic value of HER4 in breast cancer by either real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR, for mRNA levels) or immunohistochemistry (IHC, for protein levels). Elevated expression of HER4 was significantly associated with longer relapse-free survival (RFS) (HR = 0.63; CI: 0.48-0.83; P = 0.001, random effects). Further subgroup analysis showed that our results were stable irrespective of subtype [Luminal: HR = 0.40, CI: 0.30-0.53, P < 0.001, fixed effects; triple negative breast cancer (TNBC): HR = 0.49, CI: 0.26-0.90, P = 0.02, fixed effects; and HER2-positive: HR = 0.53, CI: 0.40-0.71, P < 0.001, fixed effects]. Cytoplasmic HER4 was more effective than nuclear HER4 (HR = 0.74, CI: 0.60-0.92, P = 0.007, fixed effects) for predicting RFS. HER4 was also found to be a favorable prognostic marker for overall survival (OS) among patients with non-TNBC in the subgroup analysis (Luminal: HR = 0.71, CI: 0.52-0.95, P = 0.023, fixed effects; HER2-positive: HR = 0.48, CI: 0.26-0.89, P = 0.020, fixed effects).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jue Wang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jun Yin
- Department of Systems Biology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Feng Ding
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China, Department of General Surgery, Jinan Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Bingjie Li
- Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xingsong Tian
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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9
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Overactive Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Signaling Leads to Increased Fibrosis after Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.00182-17. [PMID: 28404843 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00182-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) is a highly pathogenic respiratory virus that causes morbidity and mortality in humans. After infection with SARS-CoV, the acute lung injury caused by the virus must be repaired to regain lung function. A dysregulation in this wound healing process leads to fibrosis. Many survivors of SARS-CoV infection develop pulmonary fibrosis (PF), with higher prevalence in older patients. Using mouse models of SARS-CoV pathogenesis, we have identified that the wound repair pathway, controlled by the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), is critical to recovery from SARS-CoV-induced tissue damage. In mice with constitutively active EGFR [EGFR(DSK5) mice], we find that SARS-CoV infection causes enhanced lung disease. Importantly, we show that during infection, the EGFR ligands amphiregulin and heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) are upregulated, and exogenous addition of these ligands during infection leads to enhanced lung disease and altered wound healing dynamics. Our data demonstrate a key role of EGFR in the host response to SARS-CoV and how it may be implicated in lung disease induced by other highly pathogenic respiratory viruses.IMPORTANCE PF has many causative triggers, including severe respiratory viruses such as SARS-CoV. Currently there are no treatments to prevent the onset or limit the progression of PF, and the molecular pathways underlying the development of PF are not well understood. In this study, we identified a role for the balanced control of EGFR signaling as a key factor in progression to PF. These data demonstrate that therapeutic treatment modulating EGFR activation could protect against PF development caused by severe respiratory virus infection.
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Abstract
The ErbB receptor family, also known as the EGF receptor family or type I receptor family, includes the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) or ErbB1/Her1, ErbB2/Her2, ErbB3/Her3, and ErbB4/Her4. Among all RTKs, EGFR was the first RTK identified and the first one linked to cancer. Thus, EGFR has also been the most intensively studied among all RTKs. ErbB receptors are activated after homodimerization or heterodimerization. The ErbB family is unique among the various groups of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) in that ErbB3 has impaired kinase activity, while ErbB2 does not have a direct ligand. Therefore, heterodimerization is an important mechanism that allows the activation of all ErbB receptors in response to ligand stimulation. The activated ErbB receptors bind to many signaling proteins and stimulate the activation of many signaling pathways. The specificity and potency of intracellular signaling pathways are determined by positive and negative regulators, the specific composition of activating ligand(s), receptor dimer components, and the diverse range of proteins that associate with the tyrosine phosphorylated C-terminal domain of the ErbB receptors. ErbB receptors are overexpressed or mutated in many cancers, especially in breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and non-small cell lung cancer. The overexpression and overactivation of ErbB receptors are correlated with poor prognosis, drug resistance, cancer metastasis, and lower survival rate. ErbB receptors, especially EGFR and ErbB2 have been the primary choices as targets for developing cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiang Wang
- Signal Transduction Research Group, Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 835 MSB, 114 St NW, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G 2H7.
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11
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Mohd Nafi SN, Generali D, Kramer-Marek G, Gijsen M, Strina C, Cappelletti M, Andreis D, Haider S, Li JL, Bridges E, Capala J, Ioannis R, Harris AL, Kong A. Nuclear HER4 mediates acquired resistance to trastuzumab and is associated with poor outcome in HER2 positive breast cancer. Oncotarget 2015; 5:5934-49. [PMID: 25153719 PMCID: PMC4171603 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.1904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of HER4 in breast cancer is controversial and its role in relation to trastuzumab resistance remains unclear. We showed that trastuzumab treatment and its acquired resistance induced HER4 upregulation, cleavage and nuclear translocation. However, knockdown of HER4 by specific siRNAs increased trastuzumab sensitivity and reversed its resistance in HER2 positive breast cancer cells. Preventing HER4 cleavage by a γ-secretase inhibitor and inhibiting HER4 tyrosine kinase activity by neratinib decreased trastuzumab-induced HER4 nuclear translocation and enhanced trastuzumab response. There was also increased nuclear HER4 staining in the tumours from BT474 xenograft mice and human patients treated with trastuzumab. Furthermore, nuclear HER4 predicted poor clinical response to trastuzumab monotherapy in patients undergoing a window study and was shown to be an independent poor prognostic factor in HER2 positive breast cancer. Our data suggest that HER4 plays a key role in relation to trastuzumab resistance in HER2 positive breast cancer. Therefore, our study provides novel findings that HER4 activation, cleavage and nuclear translocation influence trastuzumab sensitivity and resistance in HER2 positive breast cancer. Nuclear HER4 could be a potential prognostic and predictive biomarker and understanding the role of HER4 may provide strategies to overcome trastuzumab resistance in HER2 positive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Norasikin Mohd Nafi
- Human Epidermal Growth Factor Group, Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniele Generali
- U.O. Multidisciplinare di Patologia Mammaria, U.S Terapia Molecolare e Farmacogenomica, A.O. Instituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Viale Concordia 1, Cremona, Italy
| | - Gabriela Kramer-Marek
- Institute of Cancer Research, Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, 15 Cotswold Road, Belmont, Sutton, Surrey, UK
| | - Merel Gijsen
- Human Epidermal Growth Factor Group, Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Carla Strina
- U.O. Multidisciplinare di Patologia Mammaria, U.S Terapia Molecolare e Farmacogenomica, A.O. Instituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Viale Concordia 1, Cremona, Italy
| | - Mariarosa Cappelletti
- U.O. Multidisciplinare di Patologia Mammaria, U.S Terapia Molecolare e Farmacogenomica, A.O. Instituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Viale Concordia 1, Cremona, Italy
| | - Daniele Andreis
- U.O. Multidisciplinare di Patologia Mammaria, U.S Terapia Molecolare e Farmacogenomica, A.O. Instituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, Viale Concordia 1, Cremona, Italy
| | - Syed Haider
- Growth Factor Group, Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Ji-Liang Li
- Growth Factor Group, Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Esther Bridges
- Growth Factor Group, Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Jacek Capala
- National Institutes of Health, Radiation Oncology Branch, Bethesda MD, US
| | - Roxanis Ioannis
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Oxford University Hospitals and Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
| | - Adrian L Harris
- Growth Factor Group, Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Anthony Kong
- Human Epidermal Growth Factor Group, Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
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12
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Landi L, Cappuzzo F. Experience with erlotinib in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Ther Adv Respir Dis 2015; 9:146-63. [PMID: 26063687 DOI: 10.1177/1753465815588053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. In the last decade, the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signalling pathway has emerged as one of the most important molecular aberrations, representing an attractive therapeutic target in NSCLC. Drugs interfering with the tyrosine kinase domain of the EGFR (EGFR TKIs), such as erlotinib and gefitinib, have demonstrated efficacy in patients with advanced NSCLC irrespective of therapy line and particularly in patients harbouring activating mutations in the EGFR gene (EGFR(mut+)). Results of large phase III randomized trials clearly established that EGFR TKIs are superior to chemotherapy as frontline treatment in patients with EGFR(mut+), whereas in the EGFR wild-type (EGFR(WT)) or EGFR unknown population, platinum-based chemotherapy remains the standard of care, with no consistent benefit produced by the addition of EGFR TKI. In pretreated NSCLC, EGFR TKIs are considered more effective than standard monotherapy with cytotoxics in the presence of classical EGFR mutations, whereas in the EGFR(WT) population, a similar efficacy to docetaxel or pemetrexed in terms of survival has been demonstrated. Unfortunately, patients who initially responded to EGFR TKIs invariably develop acquired resistance. For such patients there is an urgent need for more effective strategies able to delay or possibly overcome resistance. In the present review we analysed the available data on erlotinib in the treatment of advanced NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenza Landi
- Medical Oncologist at Istituto Toscano Tumori, Medical Oncology Department, Ospedale Civile Livorno, Livorno, Italy
| | - Federico Cappuzzo
- Director of Medical Oncology Department, Istituto Toscano Tumori, Ospedale Civile, Viale Alfieri 36, 57100 Livorno, Italy
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13
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Landi L, Cappuzzo F. Pharmacotherapy targeting the EGFR oncogene in NSCLC. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2014; 15:2293-305. [DOI: 10.1517/14656566.2014.957179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenza Landi
- Istituto Toscano Tumori, Medical Oncology Department, Ospedale Civile di Livorno, Viale Alfieri 36, 57100, Livorno, Italy ;
| | - Federico Cappuzzo
- Istituto Toscano Tumori, Medical Oncology Department, Ospedale Civile di Livorno, Viale Alfieri 36, 57100, Livorno, Italy ;
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14
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Kiuchi T, Ortiz-Zapater E, Monypenny J, Matthews DR, Nguyen LK, Barbeau J, Coban O, Lawler K, Burford B, Rolfe DJ, de Rinaldis E, Dafou D, Simpson MA, Woodman N, Pinder S, Gillett CE, Devauges V, Poland SP, Fruhwirth G, Marra P, Boersma YL, Plückthun A, Gullick WJ, Yarden Y, Santis G, Winn M, Kholodenko BN, Martin-Fernandez ML, Parker P, Tutt A, Ameer-Beg SM, Ng T. The ErbB4 CYT2 variant protects EGFR from ligand-induced degradation to enhance cancer cell motility. Sci Signal 2014; 7:ra78. [PMID: 25140053 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2005157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a member of the ErbB family that can promote the migration and proliferation of breast cancer cells. Therapies that target EGFR can promote the dimerization of EGFR with other ErbB receptors, which is associated with the development of drug resistance. Understanding how interactions among ErbB receptors alter EGFR biology could provide avenues for improving cancer therapy. We found that EGFR interacted directly with the CYT1 and CYT2 variants of ErbB4 and the membrane-anchored intracellular domain (mICD). The CYT2 variant, but not the CYT1 variant, protected EGFR from ligand-induced degradation by competing with EGFR for binding to a complex containing the E3 ubiquitin ligase c-Cbl and the adaptor Grb2. Cultured breast cancer cells overexpressing both EGFR and ErbB4 CYT2 mICD exhibited increased migration. With molecular modeling, we identified residues involved in stabilizing the EGFR dimer. Mutation of these residues in the dimer interface destabilized the complex in cells and abrogated growth factor-stimulated cell migration. An exon array analysis of 155 breast tumors revealed that the relative mRNA abundance of the ErbB4 CYT2 variant was increased in ER+ HER2- breast cancer patients, suggesting that our findings could be clinically relevant. We propose a mechanism whereby competition for binding to c-Cbl in an ErbB signaling heterodimer promotes migration in response to a growth factor gradient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai Kiuchi
- Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Medical School Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK. Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK. Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Unit, Research Oncology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Elena Ortiz-Zapater
- Department of Asthma, Allergy and Respiratory Science, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - James Monypenny
- Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Medical School Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK. Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK. Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Unit, Research Oncology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Daniel R Matthews
- Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Medical School Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK. Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Lan K Nguyen
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Jody Barbeau
- Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Medical School Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK. Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Oana Coban
- Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Medical School Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK. Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Katherine Lawler
- Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Medical School Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK. Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Brian Burford
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Unit, Research Oncology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Daniel J Rolfe
- Central Laser Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Emanuele de Rinaldis
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Unit, Research Oncology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Dimitra Dafou
- Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Michael A Simpson
- Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Natalie Woodman
- Guy's and St Thomas' Breast Tissue and Data Bank, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK. Research Oncology, Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Sarah Pinder
- Guy's and St Thomas' Breast Tissue and Data Bank, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK. Research Oncology, Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Cheryl E Gillett
- Guy's and St Thomas' Breast Tissue and Data Bank, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK. Research Oncology, Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Viviane Devauges
- Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Medical School Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK. Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Simon P Poland
- Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Medical School Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK. Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Gilbert Fruhwirth
- Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Medical School Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK. Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Pierfrancesco Marra
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Unit, Research Oncology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Ykelien L Boersma
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Plückthun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - William J Gullick
- Department of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - Yosef Yarden
- Department of Biological Regulation, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - George Santis
- Department of Asthma, Allergy and Respiratory Science, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Martyn Winn
- Computational Science and Engineering Department, Daresbury Laboratory, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Research Complex at Warrington, Warrington WA4 4AD, UK
| | - Boris N Kholodenko
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Marisa L Martin-Fernandez
- Central Laser Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Research Complex at Harwell, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Peter Parker
- Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK. Protein Phosphorylation Laboratory, Cancer Research UK, London Research Institute, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3PX, UK
| | - Andrew Tutt
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Unit, Research Oncology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Simon M Ameer-Beg
- Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Medical School Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK. Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK.
| | - Tony Ng
- Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Medical School Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK. Division of Cancer Studies, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK. Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Unit, Research Oncology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK. UCL Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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15
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Single molecule fluorescence detection and tracking in mammalian cells: the state-of-the-art and future perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2012. [PMID: 23203092 PMCID: PMC3509608 DOI: 10.3390/ijms131114742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Insights from single-molecule tracking in mammalian cells have the potential to greatly contribute to our understanding of the dynamic behavior of many protein families and networks which are key therapeutic targets of the pharmaceutical industry. This is particularly so at the plasma membrane, where the method has begun to elucidate the mechanisms governing the molecular interactions that underpin many fundamental processes within the cell, including signal transduction, receptor recognition, cell-cell adhesion, etc. However, despite much progress, single-molecule tracking faces challenges in mammalian samples that hinder its general application in the biomedical sciences. Much work has recently focused on improving the methods for fluorescent tagging of target molecules, detection and localization of tagged molecules, which appear as diffraction-limited spots in charge-coupled device (CCD) images, and objectively establishing the correspondence between moving particles in a sequence of image frames to follow their diffusive behavior. In this review we outline the state-of-the-art in the field and discuss the advantages and limitations of the methods available in the context of specific applications, aiming at helping researchers unfamiliar with single molecules methods to plan out their experiments.
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16
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ErbB expression, activation, and inhibition with lapatinib and tyrphostin (AG825) in human vestibular schwannomas. Otol Neurotol 2011; 32:841-7. [PMID: 21659924 DOI: 10.1097/mao.0b013e31821f7d88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pharmacologic agents targeted against the ErbB family, or the intracellular pathways that mediate their effects, could slow clinical progression of vestibular schwannoma (VS) in patients where other modalities carry a high risk-to-benefit ratio. OBJECTIVE Determine the identity of the predominant ErbB dimer partners in VS tumors and assess the effects of targeted inhibition of the ErbB molecules on VS growth and proliferation, as well as apoptosis. SETTING Academic tertiary referral center. METHODS Coimmunoprecipitation and Western blotting of VS tissue, in vitro BrdU assays of proliferation in the presence of lapatinib and tyrphostin (AG825) using primary VS cultures, and annexin V cell death assays and cell cycle assays using propidium iodide staining were performed on HEI193 cell line derived from an neurofibromatosis type 2-associated VS. RESULTS Activated ErbB family receptor heterodimers in VS contain predominantly epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and ErbB2. A robust, dose-dependent inhibition of VS growth and proliferation with the dual EGFR/ErbB2 inhibitor, lapatinib, was demonstrated. Lapatinib also inhibited EGF-induced VS proliferation. The selective ErbB2 inhibitor, AG825, inhibited growth to a lesser extent. HEI193 demonstrated apoptosis after lapatinib treatment. CONCLUSION Dual EGFR and ErbB2 inhibition with lapatinib or combination therapy may provide therapeutic benefit in VS treatment, but further studies are necessary.
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17
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Kumar U. Cross-talk and modulation of signaling between somatostatin and growth factor receptors. Endocrine 2011; 40:168-80. [PMID: 21870170 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-011-9524-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Accepted: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The process of homo- and/or heterodimerization of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) and receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) families are crucial for implicating the fundamental properties of receptor proteins including receptor expression, trafficking, and desensitization as well as signal transduction. The members of GPCR and RTK family constitute largest cell surface receptor proteins and regulate physiological functions of cells in response to external and internal stimuli. Notably, GPCRs and RTKs play major role in regulation of several key cellular functions which are associated with several pathological conditions including cancer biology, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases. The focus of this review is to highlight the recent findings on the possible cross-talk between somatostatin receptors (members of GPCR family) and growth factor receptors like epidermal growth factor receptors (members of RTK family). Furthermore, functional consequences of such an interaction in modulation of signaling pathways linked to pathological conditions specifically in cancer are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ujendra Kumar
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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18
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Aertgeerts K, Skene R, Yano J, Sang BC, Zou H, Snell G, Jennings A, Iwamoto K, Habuka N, Hirokawa A, Ishikawa T, Tanaka T, Miki H, Ohta Y, Sogabe S. Structural analysis of the mechanism of inhibition and allosteric activation of the kinase domain of HER2 protein. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:18756-65. [PMID: 21454582 PMCID: PMC3099692 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.206193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2010] [Revised: 03/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant signaling of ErbB family members human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is implicated in many human cancers, and HER2 expression is predictive of human disease recurrence and prognosis. Small molecule kinase inhibitors of EGFR and of both HER2 and EGFR have received approval for the treatment of cancer. We present the first high resolution crystal structure of the kinase domain of HER2 in complex with a selective inhibitor to understand protein activation, inhibition, and function at the molecular level. HER2 kinase domain crystallizes as a dimer and suggests evidence for an allosteric mechanism of activation comparable with previously reported activation mechanisms for EGFR and HER4. A unique Gly-rich region in HER2 following the α-helix C is responsible for increased conformational flexibility within the active site and could explain the low intrinsic catalytic activity previously reported for HER2. In addition, we solved the crystal structure of the kinase domain of EGFR in complex with a HER2/EGFR dual inhibitor (TAK-285). Comparison with previously reported inactive and active EGFR kinase domain structures gave insight into the mechanism of HER2 and EGFR inhibition and may help guide the design and development of new cancer drugs with improved potency and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Aertgeerts
- Takeda San Diego Inc, 10410 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, USA.
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Mellor HR, Bell AR, Valentin JP, Roberts RRA. Cardiotoxicity Associated with Targeting Kinase Pathways in Cancer. Toxicol Sci 2010; 120:14-32. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfq378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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Cai Z, Zhang H, Liu J, Berezov A, Murali R, Wang Q, Greene MI. Targeting erbB receptors. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2010; 21:961-6. [PMID: 20850557 PMCID: PMC5940346 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2010.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Accepted: 09/09/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Our work is concerned with the origins and therapy of human cancers. Members of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family of tyrosine kinases, also known as erbB or HER receptors, are over expressed and/or activated in many types of human tumors and represent important therapeutic targets in cancer therapy. Studies from our laboratory identified targeted therapy as a way to treat cancer. Rational therapeutics targeting and disabling erbB receptors have been developed to reverse the malignant properties of tumors. Reversal of the malignant phenotype, best seen with disabling the HER2 receptors using monoclonal antibodies is a distinct process from that seen with blocking of ligand binding to cognate receptors as has been done for EGFr receptors. Here we review the mechanisms of action deduced from a number of approaches developed in our laboratory and elsewhere, including monoclonal antibodies, peptide mimetics, recombinant proteins and small molecules. The biochemical and biological principles which have been uncovered during these studies of disabling HER2 homomeric or HER2-EGFr heteromeric receptors will help the development of novel and more efficient therapeutics targeting erbB family receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Cai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6082, USA
| | - Hongtao Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6082, USA
| | - Jing Liu
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Alan Berezov
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, S122A Steven Spielberg Building, 8725 Alden Dr., Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Ramachandran Murali
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Davis Building, # 4092, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Qiang Wang
- Women’s Cancer Research Institute at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Mark I. Greene
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6082, USA
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Sundvall M, Veikkolainen V, Kurppa K, Salah Z, Tvorogov D, van Zoelen EJ, Aqeilan R, Elenius K. Cell death or survival promoted by alternative isoforms of ErbB4. Mol Biol Cell 2010; 21:4275-86. [PMID: 20943952 PMCID: PMC2993754 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e10-04-0332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The report demonstrates that two distinct isoforms of the ErbB4 receptor tyrosine kinase stimulate either proliferation or apoptosis by mechanisms involving differential transcriptional regulation of the PDGFRA gene. These data have implications for developing approaches to target ErbB4 signaling in cancer. The significance of ErbB4 in tumor biology is poorly understood. The ERBB4 gene is alternatively spliced producing juxtamembrane (JM-a and JM-b) and cytoplasmic (CYT-1 and CYT-2) isoforms. Here, signaling via the two alternative ErbB4 JM isoforms (JM-a CYT-2 and JM-b CYT-2) was compared. Fibroblasts expressing ErbB4 JM-a demonstrated enhanced ErbB4 autophosphorylation, growth, and survival. In contrast, cells overexpressing ErbB4 JM-b underwent starvation-induced death. Both pro- and antisurvival responses to the two ErbB4 isoforms were sensitive to an ErbB kinase inhibitor. Platelet-derived growth factor receptor-alpha (PDGFRA) was identified as an ErbB4 target gene that was differentially regulated by the two ErbB4 isoforms. The soluble intracellular domain of ErbB4, released from the JM-a but not from the JM-b isoform, associated with the transcription factor AP-2 and promoted its potential to enhance PDGFRA transcription. Survival of cells expressing JM-a was suppressed by targeting either PDGFR-α or AP-2, whereas cells expressing JM-b were rescued from cell death by the PDGFR-α agonist, PDGF-BB. These findings indicate that two alternative ErbB4 isoforms may promote antagonistic cellular responses and suggest that pharmacological inhibition of ErbB4 kinase activity may lead to either suppression or promotion of cellular growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sundvall
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, and Medicity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Oncology, Turku University Hospital, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland
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Wickremesekera A, Hovens CM, Kaye AH. Expression of ErbB-1 and ErbB-2 in meningioma. J Clin Neurosci 2010; 17:1155-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2010.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2009] [Accepted: 02/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Spears M, Bartlett JMS. Human epidermal growth factor receptor dimerization analysis in breast cancer diagnosis: potential for improving testing accuracy and treatment selection. Mol Diagn Ther 2010; 13:359-65. [PMID: 19925033 DOI: 10.1007/bf03256341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of the human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) family of proteins has increased over the last few decades. It is clear from the vast assortment of research that has been and is currently being carried out that there is still a lot to be learned. HER dimerization is known to activate various downstream pathways that have an effect on treatment and therapy for breast cancer. HER dimerization acts as a mechanism not only for amplifying the signal pathway but also for signal diversification. There is clear evidence that molecular subtypes of cancer respond differently to different therapeutic options, which challenges the 'one size fits all' approach to chemotherapy in cancer. Here, we review the methods by which HER dimerization can be explored and the potential that this has in the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Spears
- Edinburgh Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Unit, Endocrine Cancer Research Group, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
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24
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Burris HA, Taylor CW, Jones SF, Koch KM, Versola MJ, Arya N, Fleming RA, Smith DA, Pandite L, Spector N, Wilding G. A phase I and pharmacokinetic study of oral lapatinib administered once or twice daily in patients with solid malignancies. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 15:6702-8. [PMID: 19825948 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-09-0369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study determined the range of tolerable doses, clinical safety, pharmacokinetics, and preliminary evidence of clinical activity following once or twice daily administration of lapatinib in patients with solid malignancies. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Cancer patients (n = 81) received oral doses of lapatinib ranging from 175 to 1,800 mg once daily or 500 to 900 mg twice daily. Clinical assessments of safety and antitumor activity were recorded and blood was sampled for pharmacokinetic assessments. The effect of a low-fat meal on lapatinib pharmacokinetics was assessed in a subset of patients. RESULTS Lapatinib was well tolerated, such that dose escalation was limited at 1,800 mg once daily only by pill burden. Twice-daily dosing was implemented to further explore tolerability, and was limited by diarrhea to 500 mg twice daily. The most commonly reported adverse events with once-daily dosing were diarrhea (48%), nausea (40%), rash (40%), and fatigue (38%) and with twice-daily dosing were diarrhea (85%), rash (54%), and nausea (34%). Lapatinib serum concentrations accumulated upon repeated dosing, increasing nearly in proportion with dose, and were significantly increased when dosed with food or administered twice daily. One patient with head and neck cancer achieved a confirmed complete response and 22 patients had stable disease of >or=8 weeks including three patients with stable disease of >10 months (renal, lung, and salivary gland cancers). CONCLUSION Lapatinib was well tolerated following once and twice daily administration. Systemic exposure to lapatinib was dependent on the dose, duration and frequency of dosing, and prandial state. Clinical activity was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard A Burris
- The Sarah Cannon Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37203, USA.
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Helms MW, Kemming D, Contag CH, Pospisil H, Bartkowiak K, Wang A, Chang SY, Buerger H, Brandt BH. TOB1 is regulated by EGF-dependent HER2 and EGFR signaling, is highly phosphorylated, and indicates poor prognosis in node-negative breast cancer. Cancer Res 2009; 69:5049-56. [PMID: 19491269 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-4154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Clinical and animal studies have shown that coexpression of the receptor tyrosine kinases HER2 and epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) indicates a highly metastatic phenotype of breast cancer. In a cellular model of this phenotype using differential gene expression analysis, we identified TOB1 to be up-regulated depending on EGF stimulation and transduction through phosphorylation of HER2 tyrosine 1248. mRNA expression analysis of breast cancers from a cohort of node-negative patients showed significantly shortened distant metastasis-free survival for patients with high TOB1 expression. In subsequent tissue microarray studies of 725 clinical samples, high HER2 and EGF protein levels were significantly correlated with TOB1 expression in breast cancer, whereas EGFR and EGF levels correlated with TOB1 phosphorylation. We did not observe a correlation between TOB1 expression and cyclin D1, which was previously suggested to mediate the antiproliferative effect of unphosphorylated TOB1. A positive correlation of TOB1 phosphorylation status with proliferation marker Ki67 suggests that elevated TOB1 phosphorylation might abrogate the antiproliferative effect of TOB1 in breast cancer. This suggests a new regulatory role for TOB1 in cancer progression with particular significance in HER2- and/or EGFR-positive breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike W Helms
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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Junttila TT, Akita RW, Parsons K, Fields C, Lewis Phillips GD, Friedman LS, Sampath D, Sliwkowski MX. Ligand-independent HER2/HER3/PI3K complex is disrupted by trastuzumab and is effectively inhibited by the PI3K inhibitor GDC-0941. Cancer Cell 2009; 15:429-40. [PMID: 19411071 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2009.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 626] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2008] [Revised: 01/09/2009] [Accepted: 03/23/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Herceptin (trastuzumab) is the backbone of HER2-directed breast cancer therapy and benefits patients in both the adjuvant and metastatic settings. Here, we describe a mechanism of action for trastuzumab whereby antibody treatment disrupts ligand-independent HER2/HER3 interactions in HER2-amplified cells. The kinetics of dissociation parallels HER3 dephosphorylation and uncoupling from PI3K activity, leading to downregulation of proximal and distal AKT signaling, and correlates with the antiproliferative effects of trastuzumab. A selective and potent PI3K inhibitor, GDC-0941, is highly efficacious both in combination with trastuzumab and in the treatment of trastuzumab-resistant cells and tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teemu T Junttila
- Research Oncology, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, Mailstop 72, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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27
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Nakagawa K, Minami H, Kanezaki M, Mukaiyama A, Minamide Y, Uejima H, Kurata T, Nogami T, Kawada K, Mukai H, Sasaki Y, Fukuoka M. Phase I Dose-escalation and Pharmacokinetic Trial of Lapatinib (GW572016), a Selective Oral Dual Inhibitor of ErbB-1 and -2 Tyrosine Kinases, in Japanese Patients with Solid Tumors. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2008; 39:116-23. [DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyn135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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28
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Zeng N, Liu L, McCabe MG, Jones DTW, Ichimura K, Collins VP. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis with fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) probes reveals differential expression of the four ERBB4 juxtamembrane region variants between medulloblastoma and pilocytic astrocytoma. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2008; 35:353-366. [PMID: 19017278 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2990.2008.01001.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We report a comparative study on the mRNA expression of ErbB receptor tyrosine kinases, and in particular ERBB4 transcript variants, in two common paediatric brain tumours: medulloblastoma (MB) and pilocytic astrocytoma (PA). METHODS While the conventional real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to measure the expression of ERRBs and ErbB4-processing protease genes, the LightCycler fluorescence resonance energy transfer probes were specifically designed to investigate all of the known ERBB4 juxtamembrane (JM) and cytoplasmic transcript variants. RESULTS The overall expression of ERBBs suggests that ErbB2/ErbB4 heterodimers and ErbB4 homodimers may be major functional units of the ErbBs in MB, while ErbB2/ErbB3 heterodimers may play a more prominent role in addition to ErbB4-containing dimers in PA. Different expression patterns of ERBB4 JM transcripts in MB, PA and normal brain were observed. The JM-d variant was only detected in MBs, while JM-c was present in MB and PA but was not identified in normal brain. The expression of cleavable ERBB4 transcript variants was elevated in PAs and MBs compared with normal brain, while mRNA levels of ErbB4-processing proteases were similar in both tumour types and normal brain. This suggests that proteolytic cleavage of ErbB4 may be more common in MB and PA, which leads to signalling events divergent from those in normal brain. CONCLUSION Taken together, these results suggest that ErbB4 processing and function may be altered in brain tumours, such as MB and PA, via differential expression of JM transcript variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Zeng
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular Histopathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - L Liu
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular Histopathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - M G McCabe
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular Histopathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - D T W Jones
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular Histopathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - K Ichimura
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular Histopathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - V P Collins
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular Histopathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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29
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Sarup J, Jin P, Turin L, Bai X, Beryt M, Brdlik C, Higaki JN, Jorgensen B, Lau FW, Lindley P, Liu J, Ni I, Rozzelle J, Kumari R, Watson SA, Zhang J, Shepard HM. Human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER-1:HER-3) Fc-mediated heterodimer has broad antiproliferative activity in vitro and in human tumor xenografts. Mol Cancer Ther 2008; 7:3223-36. [PMID: 18852126 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-07-2151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
All four members of the human epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (HER) family are implicated in human cancers. Although efficacious in a subset of patients, resistance to single-targeted anti-HER therapy [i.e., cetuximab (Erbitux) and trastuzumab (Herceptin)] is often associated with coexpression of other HER family members. This may be overcome by a HER ligand binding molecule that sequesters multiple EGF-like ligands, preventing ligand-dependent receptor activation. Toward this end, we have combined the HER-1/EGFR and HER-3 ligand binding domains, dimerized with fusion of an Fc fragment of human IgG1. This resulted in a mixture of HER-1/Fc homodimer (HFD100), HER-3/Fc homodimer (HFD300), and HER-1/Fc:HER-3/Fc heterodimer (RB200), also termed Hermodulins. The purified first-generation RB200 bound EGF and neuregulin 1 (NRG1)-beta1 ligands, determined by cross-linking and direct binding studies. The binding affinity for both was approximately 10 nmol/L by dissociation-enhanced lanthanide fluorescence immunoassay using europium (Eu)-labeled ligands. Competition studies with RB200 using Eu-EGF or Eu-NRG1-beta1 revealed that RB200 bound HER-1 ligands, including transforming growth factor-alpha and heparin-binding EGF, and HER-3 ligands NRG1-alpha and NRG1-beta3. RB200 inhibited EGF- and NRG1-beta1-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of HER family proteins, proliferation of a diverse range of tumor cells in monolayer cell growth assays, tumor cell proliferation as a single agent and in synergy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors, lysophosphatidic acid-stimulated cell proliferation, and tumor growth in two human tumor xenograft nude mouse models. Taken together, the data reveal that RB200 has the potential to sequester multiple HER ligands and interfere with signaling by HER-1, HER-2, and HER-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay Sarup
- Receptor BioLogix, Inc., 3350 West Bayshore Road, Suite 150, Palo Alto, CA 94303, USA
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Sundvall M, Iljin K, Kilpinen S, Sara H, Kallioniemi OP, Elenius K. Role of ErbB4 in breast cancer. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2008; 13:259-68. [PMID: 18454307 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-008-9079-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2008] [Accepted: 04/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Members of the ErbB subfamily of receptor tyrosine kinases are important regulators of normal mammary gland physiology, and aberrations in their signaling have been associated with breast tumorigenesis. Therapeutics targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR = ErbB1) or ErbB2 in breast cancer have been approved for clinical use. In contrast, relatively little is known about the biological significance of ErbB4 signaling in breast cancer. This review focuses on recent advances in our understanding about the role of ErbB4 in breast carcinogenesis, as well as in the potential clinical relevance of ErbB4 in breast cancer prognostics and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sundvall
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland
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31
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Nakakuki T, Yumoto N, Naka T, Shirouzu M, Yokoyama S, Hatakeyama M. Topological analysis of MAPK cascade for kinetic ErbB signaling. PLoS One 2008; 3:e1782. [PMID: 18335053 PMCID: PMC2262155 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0001782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2007] [Accepted: 02/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ligand-induced homo- and hetero-dimer formation of ErbB receptors results in different biological outcomes irrespective of recruitment and activation of similar effector proteins. Earlier experimental research indicated that cells expressing both EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) and the ErbB4 receptor (E1/4 cells) induced E1/4 cell-specific B-Raf activation and higher extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation, followed by cellular transformation, than cells solely expressing EGFR (E1 cells) in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Since our experimental data revealed the presence of positive feedback by ERK on upstream pathways, it was estimated that the cross-talk/feedback pathway structure of the Raf-MEK-ERK cascade might affect ERK activation dynamics in our cell system. To uncover the regulatory mechanism concerning the ERK dynamics, we used topological models and performed parameter estimation for all candidate structures that possessed ERK-mediated positive feedback regulation of Raf. The structure that reliably reproduced a series of experimental data regarding signal amplitude and duration of the signaling molecules was selected as a solution. We found that the pathway structure is characterized by ERK-mediated positive feedback regulation of B-Raf and B-Raf-mediated negative regulation of Raf-1. Steady-state analysis of the estimated structure indicated that the amplitude of Ras activity might critically affect ERK activity through ERK-B-Raf positive feedback coordination with sustained B-Raf activation in E1/4 cells. However, Rap1 that positively regulates B-Raf activity might be less effective concerning ERK and B-Raf activity. Furthermore, we investigated how such Ras activity in E1/4 cells can be regulated by EGFR/ErbB4 heterodimer-mediated signaling. From a sensitivity analysis of the detailed upstream model for Ras activation, we concluded that Ras activation dynamics is dominated by heterodimer-mediated signaling coordination with a large initial speed of dimerization when the concentration of the ErbB4 receptor is considerably high. Such characteristics of the signaling cause the preferential binding of the Grb2-SOS complex to heterodimer-mediated signaling molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nakakuki
- Cellular Systems Biology Team, Computational and Experimental Systems Biology Group, RIKEN Genomic Sciences Center, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Noriko Yumoto
- Cellular Systems Biology Team, Computational and Experimental Systems Biology Group, RIKEN Genomic Sciences Center, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Naka
- Department of Intelligent Informatics, Faculty of Information Science, Kyushu Sangyo University, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mikako Shirouzu
- Protein Research Group, RIKEN Genomic Sciences Center, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Yokoyama
- Protein Research Group, RIKEN Genomic Sciences Center, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Hatakeyama
- Cellular Systems Biology Team, Computational and Experimental Systems Biology Group, RIKEN Genomic Sciences Center, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
The biology of the human epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor-2 (HER2) has been reviewed numerous times and provides an excellent example for developing a targeted cancer therapeutic. Herceptin, the FDA-approved therapeutic monoclonal antibody against HER2, has been used to treat over 150,000 women with breast cancer. However, the developmental history of Herceptin, the key events within the program that created pivotal decision points, and the reasons why decisions were made to pursue the monoclonal antibody approach have never been adequately described. The history of Herceptin is reviewed in a way which allows the experience to be shared for the purposes of understanding the drug discovery and development process. It is the objective of this review to describe the pivotal events and explain why critical decisions were made that resulted in the first therapeutic to successfully target tyrosine kinases in cancer. New approaches and future prospects for therapeutics targeting the HER family are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Shepard
- Receptor BioLogix Inc., 3350 W. Bayshore Road. Palo Alto, CA 94303, USA.
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33
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Wickremesekera A, Hovens CM, Kaye AH. Expression of ErbB-1 and 2 in vestibular schwannomas. J Clin Neurosci 2007; 14:1199-206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2007.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2007] [Accepted: 05/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Abstract
ErbB receptors are essential mediators of cell proliferation and differentiation. Their aberrant activation is associated with the development and severity of many cancers. Homo- and heterodimerization of ErbB receptors result in a wide variety of cellular signal transduction. Dimerization of human epidermal growth-factor receptor (HER)2 and HER3 occurs frequently and is a preferred heterodimer. The HER2/HER3 dimer constitutes a high affinity co-receptor for heregulin, which is capable of potent mitogenic signaling. HER3 is a kinase-defective protein that is phosphorylated by HER2. Tyrosine phosphorylated HER3 is able to directly couple to phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase, a lipid kinase involved in the proliferation, survival, adhesion and motility of tumor cells. The authors' research provides mechanistic evidence that apigenin induces apoptosis by depleting the HER2 protein and, in turn, suppressing the signaling of the HER2/HER3-phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase/Akt pathway. This indicates that inhibition of HER2/HER3 heterodimer function may be an especially effective and unique strategy for blocking the HER2-mediated carcinogenesis of breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzong-Der Way
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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35
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Koumakpayi IH, Diallo JS, Le Page C, Lessard L, Filali-Mouhim A, Bégin LR, Mes-Masson AM, Saad F. Low nuclear ErbB3 predicts biochemical recurrence in patients with prostate cancer. BJU Int 2007; 100:303-9. [PMID: 17532856 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2007.06992.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To further evaluate the association between the cytoplasmic or nuclear localization of ErbB3 with biochemical recurrence (BCR) in patients with prostate cancer and positive surgical margins, as there is a greater risk of BCR for such patients after radical prostatectomy (RP). PATIENTS AND METHODS We recently noted that ErbB3, which is normally associated with the plasma membrane, can translocate to the nucleus, an event which appears to be associated with disease progression. We evaluated ErbB3 expression and localization using immunohistochemistry on tissue samples from 55 patients with positive surgical margins after RP; 30 of these 55 (55%) had BCR after 3 years of follow-up. The relationship between ErbB3 nuclear localization and BCR (prostate-specific antigen, PSA, >0.3 ng/mL) after RP was analysed by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox regression models. RESULTS The BCR-free survival probability at 3 years was 0.65 and 0.35 for positive and negative nuclear ErbB3, respectively (Kaplan-Meier, P = 0.029). Patients negative for nuclear ErbB3 had a 2.47-fold increase in BCR frequency in a univariate Cox model (P = 0.008) and it remained an independent prognostic marker when combined with clinical prognostic variables in a multivariate model (P = 0.023). CONCLUSION Low nuclear localization of ErbB3 is a predictor of BCR in patients with prostate cancer and positive surgical margins after RP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismaël H Koumakpayi
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal and Institut du cancer de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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36
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Feng SM, Sartor CI, Hunter D, Zhou H, Yang X, Caskey LS, Dy R, Muraoka-Cook RS, Earp HS. The HER4 cytoplasmic domain, but not its C terminus, inhibits mammary cell proliferation. Mol Endocrinol 2007; 21:1861-76. [PMID: 17505063 PMCID: PMC2917064 DOI: 10.1210/me.2006-0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike the proliferative action of other epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor family members, HER4/ErbB4 is often associated with growth-inhibitory and differentiation signaling. These actions may involve HER4 two-step proteolytic processing by intramembraneous gamma-secretase, releasing the soluble, intracellular 80-kDa HER4 cytoplasmic domain, s80HER4. We demonstrate that pharmacological inhibition of either gamma-secretase activity or HER4 tyrosine kinase activity blocked heregulin-dependent growth inhibition of SUM44 breast cancer cells. We next generated breast cell lines stably expressing GFP-s80HER4 [green fluorescent protein (GFP) fused to the N terminus of the HER4 cytoplasmic domain, residues 676-1308], GFP-CT(HER4) (GFP fused to N terminus of the HER4 C-terminus distal to the tyrosine kinase domain, residues 989-1308), or GFP alone. Both GFP-s80HER4 and GFP-CTHER4 were found in the nucleus, but GFP-s80HER4 accumulated to a greater extent and sustained its nuclear localization. s80HER4 was constitutively tyrosine phosphorylated, and treatment of cells with a specific HER family tyrosine kinase inhibitor 1) blocked tyrosine phosphorylation; 2) markedly diminished GFP-s80HER4 nuclear localization; and 3) reduced signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)5A tyrosine phosphorylation and nuclear localization as well as GFP-s80HER4:STAT5A interaction. Multiple normal mammary and breast cancer cell lines, stably expressing GFP-s80HER4 (SUM44, MDA-MB-453, MCF10A, SUM102, and HC11) were growth inhibited compared with the same cell line expressing GFP-CTHER4 or GFP alone. The s80HER4-induced cell number reduction was due to slower growth because rates of apoptosis were equivalent in GFP-, GFP-CTHER4-, and GFP-s80HER4-expressing cells. Lastly, GFP-s80HER4 enhanced differentiation signaling as indicated by increased basal and prolactin-dependent beta-casein expression. These results indicate that surface HER4 tyrosine phosphorylation and ligand-dependent release of s80HER4 are necessary, and s80HER4 signaling is sufficient for HER4-dependent growth inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Mang Feng
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Carolyn I. Sartor
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Debra Hunter
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Hong Zhou
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Xihui Yang
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Laura S. Caskey
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Ruth Dy
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - Rebecca S. Muraoka-Cook
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
| | - H. Shelton Earp
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
- Address correspondence to: H. Shelton Earp, III, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, 102 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599; Phone. 919 966-2335; Fax. 919 966-3015;
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Li Z, Mei Y, Liu X, Zhou M. Neuregulin-1 only induces trans-phosphorylation between ErbB receptor heterodimer partners. Cell Signal 2007; 19:466-71. [PMID: 16978839 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2006.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2006] [Accepted: 07/24/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
ErbB2, ErbB3 and ErbB4 are members of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) sub-family of Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (RTKs). Neuregulin-1 (NRG-1) is a ligand of ErbB3 and ErbB4 receptors. NRG-1-induced ErbB2/ErbB3 or ErbB2/ErbB4 heterodimerization, followed by receptor phosphorylation, plays multiple biological roles. To precisely determine the phosphorylation status of each ErbB receptor in ErbB2/ErbB3 and ErbB2/ErbB4 heterodimers, an immunoprecipitation-recapture of the ErbB receptors was performed to exclude any co-immunoprecipitated heterodimer partners from cells with co-expression of ErbB2/ErbB3, ErbB2/ErbB4, or ErbB2/ErbB4D843N, a kinase-inactive ErbB4 mutant, in which the aspartic acid at 843 (D843) was replaced by an asparagine (N). Here, we provide direct biochemical evidence that ErbB2 was only trans-phosphorylated by ErbB4, but not by ErbB3 or ErbB4D843N. By contrast, ErbB3, ErbB4 and ErbB4D843N were trans-phosphorylated by ErbB2 in the co-transfected cells. Therefore, we conclude that trans-phosphorylation, but not cis-phosphorylation occurred between ErbB2/ErbB3 and ErbB2/ErbB4 heterodimer partners by NRG-1 stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaomin Li
- Fudan-Zensun Cellular Signaling Research Laboratory, School of Life Science, Fudan University, No. 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, PR China
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Hatakeyama M. System properties of ErbB receptor signaling for the understanding of cancer progression. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2006; 3:111-6. [PMID: 17245490 DOI: 10.1039/b612800a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
An intracellular signal transduction network constitutes an assembled machinery to control the dynamics of kinase-phosphatase cascade and gene expression. Spatio-temporal analyses of the cellular process can explain the biochemical role of the receptor tyrosine kinases in cancer development from a system point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Hatakeyama
- Cellular Systems Biology Team, RIKEN Genomic Sciences Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.
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Edwards JM, Bottenstein JE. Neuregulin 1 growth factors regulate proliferation but not apoptosis of a CNS neuronal progenitor cell line. Brain Res 2006; 1108:63-75. [PMID: 16859650 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2006] [Revised: 06/07/2006] [Accepted: 06/09/2006] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Growth factor-dependent proliferation of neuronal progenitors is an essential stage in CNS development. Although several of these growth factors have been identified, high levels of neuregulin 1 (NRG1) mRNA and protein expression in the CNS during the time of neuronal progenitor expansion suggest NRG1 growth factors may also play a key role in their proliferation. No previous studies have examined the expression of multiple NRG1 isoforms and receptors in these progenitors and their role in proliferation or apoptosis. Using a rat CNS clonal cell line with neuronal progenitor properties, we show for the first time these cells coexpress multiple NRG1 isoforms (NRGbeta1, NRGbeta3, CRD-NRGbeta, and SMDF, but not GGF2 or any alpha isoforms) and all three cognate receptors (erbB2-4). We also show for the first time the presence of mRNA for all four variants of the erbB4 receptor in a single CNS cell type. Neutralizing antibody treatments suggest NRG1 isoforms and receptors are involved in proliferation but not apoptosis of these cells. This model system should be useful in future studies of the ligand specificity and function(s) of the erbB4 receptor variants.
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Memon AA, Sorensen BS, Meldgaard P, Fokdal L, Thykjaer T, Nexo E. The relation between survival and expression of HER1 and HER2 depends on the expression of HER3 and HER4: a study in bladder cancer patients. Br J Cancer 2006; 94:1703-9. [PMID: 16685269 PMCID: PMC2361308 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6603154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased expression of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptors, HER1 and HER2 are related to poor prognosis in most cancers studied. Recently, a high expression of the two remaining receptors of the EGF system, HER3 and HER4 has been related to a favourable prognosis. However, prognostic significance of HER1 and HER2 receptors in bladder cancer is controversial and the effect of the expression of different combinations of these receptors on patient survival is not well understood. Therefore, we examined the mRNA expression of all four EGF receptors with real-time polymerase chain reaction in biopsies from 88 patients with bladder cancer, where the survival was followed for a median of 38.5 months (range 1-117 months). Expression of HER1 and HER2 alone showed no correlation with survival. However, a high expression of HER1 together with high expression of HER3 and HER4 correlated to a better prognosis compared to the high expression of HER1 together with low expression of HER3 and HER4 (P=0.0006). Also, a significantly longer survival was observed in patients expressing high HER2 when coexpressed with high HER3 and HER4, as compared to the survival in patients with tumours expressing high HER2 but low HER3 and HER4 (P=0.0005). Our results suggest that the final outcome of patients with high HER1- and HER2-expressing tumours depends on the expression of HER3 and HER4.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Memon
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, NBG, AS, Aarhus University Hospital, 8000 Aarhus C, Norrebrogade 44, Denmark.
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Shankaran H, Wiley HS, Resat H. Modeling the effects of HER/ErbB1-3 coexpression on receptor dimerization and biological response. Biophys J 2006; 90:3993-4009. [PMID: 16533841 PMCID: PMC1459488 DOI: 10.1529/biophysj.105.080580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER/ErbB) system comprises the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR/HER1) and three other homologs, namely HERs 2-4. This receptor system plays a critical role in cell proliferation and differentiation and receptor overexpression has been associated with poor prognosis in cancers of the epithelium. Here, we examine the effect of coexpressing varying levels of HERs 1-3 on the receptor dimerization patterns using a detailed kinetic model for HER/ErbB dimerization and trafficking. Our results indicate that coexpression of EGFR with HER2 or HER3 biases signaling to the cell surface and retards signal downregulation. In addition, simultaneous coexpression of HERs 1-3 leads to an abundance of HER2-HER3 heterodimers, which are known to be potent inducers of cell growth and transformation. Our new approach to use parameter dependence analysis in experimental design reveals that measurements of HER3 phosphorylation and HER2 internalization ratio may prove to be especially useful for the estimation of critical model parameters. Further, we examine the effect of receptor dimerization patterns on biological response using a simple phenomenological model. Results indicate that coexpression of EGFR with HER2 and HER3 at low to moderate levels may enable cells to match the response of a high HER2 expresser.
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Nelson MH, Dolder CR. Lapatinib: a novel dual tyrosine kinase inhibitor with activity in solid tumors. Ann Pharmacother 2006; 40:261-9. [PMID: 16418322 DOI: 10.1345/aph.1g387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical trials, adverse effects, and drug interactions of lapatinib. DATA SOURCES A PubMed search was conducted (1966-August 2005) using the following terms: lapatinib, GW572016, and dual tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Additional information sources included meeting abstracts, clinical trial data, and bibliographies from articles identified through PubMed. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION Preclinical and clinical trials that evaluated lapatinib in cell culture, animal models, and human subjects were selected from the data sources. Pivotal in vitro data and all in vivo data published regarding lapatinib were included. DATA SYNTHESIS The development of tyrosine kinase inhibitors has resulted from a search for targeted cancer therapeutics made possible by recent gains in our understanding of tumor cell biology. Lapatinib is a dual tyrosine kinase inhibitor selective for inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 autophosphorylation, leading to suppression of proliferation pathways of solid tumors. Lapatinib has shown clinical activity in solid tumors, with the most notable in advanced or metastatic breast cancer, including tumors refractory to trastuzumab. It has a mild adverse effect profile, with the most common adverse events being diarrhea and rash. CONCLUSIONS Lapatinib has novel, dual tyrosine kinase inhibitory properties selective for factors overexpressed in some solid tumors. Results from preclinical and Phase I/II trials indicate activity in the treatment of solid tumors, especially advanced or metastatic breast cancer. Application for approval is anticipated pending results of ongoing Phase III trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Nelson
- School of Pharmacy, Wingate University, Wingate, NC 28174-0159, USA.
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Määttä JA, Sundvall M, Junttila TT, Peri L, Laine VJO, Isola J, Egeblad M, Elenius K. Proteolytic cleavage and phosphorylation of a tumor-associated ErbB4 isoform promote ligand-independent survival and cancer cell growth. Mol Biol Cell 2005; 17:67-79. [PMID: 16251361 PMCID: PMC1345647 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e05-05-0402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The ErbB1 and ErbB2 receptors are oncogenes with therapeutic significance in human cancer, whereas the transforming potential of the related ErbB4 receptor has remained controversial. Here, we have addressed whether four alternatively spliced ErbB4 isoforms differ in regulating cellular responses relevant for tumor growth. We show that the two tumor necrosis factor-alpha converting enzyme (TACE)-cleavable ErbB4 isoforms (the juxtamembrane [JM]-a isoforms) were overexpressed in a subset of primary human breast cancers together with TACE. The overexpression of the JM-a cytoplasmic (CYT)-2 ErbB4 isoform promoted ErbB4 phosphorylation, survival of interleukin-3-dependent cells, and proliferation of breast cancer cells even in the absence of ligand stimulation, whereas activation of the other three ErbB4 isoforms required ligand stimulation. Ligand-independent cellular responses to ErbB4 JM-a CYT-2 overexpression were regulated by both tyrosine kinase activity and a two-step proteolytic generation of an intracellular receptor fragment involving first a TACE-like proteinase, followed by gamma-secretase activity. These data suggest a novel transforming mechanism for the ErbB4 receptor in human breast cancer that is 1) specific for a single receptor isoform and 2) depends on proteinase cleavage and kinase activity but not ligand activation of the receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorma A Määttä
- Medicity Research Laboratory and Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Turku, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland
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Junttila TT, Sundvall M, Lundin M, Lundin J, Tanner M, Härkönen P, Joensuu H, Isola J, Elenius K. Cleavable ErbB4 isoform in estrogen receptor-regulated growth of breast cancer cells. Cancer Res 2005; 65:1384-93. [PMID: 15735025 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-04-3150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
ErbB1 and ErbB2 receptors are well-characterized targets for anticancer drugs, but the clinical relevance of the related ErbB4 receptor is unknown. Here, we have assessed the clinical significance of the proteolytically cleavable ErbB4 isoforms in breast cancer patients and investigated their functions in vitro. The expression of transcripts encoding the cleavable ErbB4 isoforms associated with estrogen receptor-alpha (ER) expression (P < 0.001) and a high histologic grade of differentiation (P </= 0.002) in real-time reverse transcription-PCR analysis of 62 breast cancer samples. Despite high ErbB4 mRNA expression levels in a subset of samples, ErbB4 gene amplification was not observed. High ErbB4 protein expression levels, as assessed by immunohistochemistry, associated with a favorable outcome in ER-positive cases from a series of 458 breast cancer patients (P = 0.01), whereas no association between ErbB4 expression and survival was found among women with ER-negative cancer (P = 0.86). However, nuclear ErbB4 immunoreactivity was associated with poor survival as compared with women whose cancer had membranous ErbB4 staining (P = 0.04). In vitro, overexpression of a cleavable ErbB4 isoform in ER-positive breast cancer cells resulted in translocation of a proteolytically released intracellular ErbB4 receptor fragment into the nucleus, as well as, enhanced proliferation, anchorage-independent growth, and estrogen response element-mediated transcriptional activity. These results suggest that the association of ErbB4 expression with clinical outcome is dependent on the subcellular localization of ErbB4 and that a proteinase-cleavable ErbB4 isoform promotes growth of ER-positive breast cancer and enhances ER-mediated gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teemu T Junttila
- Medicity Research Laboratory, Departments of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Turku Postgraduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Turku, Finland
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Engelman JA, Jänne PA, Mermel C, Pearlberg J, Mukohara T, Fleet C, Cichowski K, Johnson BE, Cantley LC. ErbB-3 mediates phosphoinositide 3-kinase activity in gefitinib-sensitive non-small cell lung cancer cell lines. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005; 102:3788-93. [PMID: 15731348 PMCID: PMC553328 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0409773102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 414] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapies that target the EGF receptor (EGFR), such as gefitinib (IRESSA), are effective in a subset of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The differences in intracellular signaling networks between gefitinib-sensitive and -resistant NSCLCs remain poorly understood. In this study, we observe that gefitinib reduces phospho-Akt levels only in NSCLC cell lines in which it inhibits growth. To elucidate the mechanism underlying this observation, we compared immunoprecipitates of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) between gefitinib-sensitive and -resistant NSCLC cell lines. We observe that PI3K associates with ErbB-3 exclusively in gefitinib-sensitive NSCLC cell lines. Gefitinib dissociates this complex, thereby linking EGFR inhibition to decreased Akt activity. In contrast, gefitinib-resistant cells do not use ErbB-3 to activate the PI3K/Akt pathway. In fact, abundant ErbB-3 expression is detected only in gefitinib-sensitive NSCLC cell lines. Two gefitinib-sensitive NSCLC cell lines with endogenous distinct activating EGFR mutations (L858R and Del747-749), frequently observed in NSCLC patients who respond to gefitinib, also use ErbB-3 to couple to PI3K. Down-regulation of ErbB-3 by means of short hairpin RNA leads to decreased phospho-Akt levels in the gefitinib-sensitive NSCLC cell lines, Calu-3 (WT EGFR) and H3255 (L858R EGFR), but has no effect on Akt activation in the gefitinib-resistant cell lines, A549 and H522. We conclude that ErbB-3 is used to couple EGFR to the PI3K/Akt pathway in gefitinib-sensitive NSCLC cell lines harboring WT and mutant EGFRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Engelman
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Hatakeyama M, Yumoto N, Yu X, Shirouzu M, Yokoyama S, Konagaya A. Transformation potency of ErbB heterodimer signaling is determined by B-Raf kinase. Oncogene 2004; 23:5023-31. [PMID: 15064721 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1207664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Cellular transformation occurs only in cells that express both ErbB1 and ErbB4 receptors, but not in cells expressing only one or the other of these receptors. However, when both receptors are coexpressed and ligand-stimulated, they interact with virtually the same adaptor/effector proteins as when expressed singly. To reveal the underlying regulatory mechanism of the kinase/phosphatase network in ErbB homo- and heterodimer receptor signaling, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and Akt activities were evaluated in the presence of several enzyme inhibitors in ligand-induced cells expressing ErbB1 (E1), ErbB4 (E4), and ErbB1/ErbB4 (E1/4) receptor. The PP2A inhibitor okadaic acid showed receptor-specific inhibitory profiles for ERK and Akt activities. Moreover, B-Raf isolated only from E1/4 cells could induce in vitro phosphorylation for MEK; this B-Raf kinase activity was abolished by pretreatment of the cells with okadaic acid. Our study further showed that the E1/4 cell-specific B-Raf activity was stimulated by PLC gamma and subsequent Rap1 activation. The present study suggests that B-Raf kinase, which was specifically activated in the cells coexpressing ErbB1 and ErbB4 receptors, elevates total ERK activity within the cell and, therefore, can induce cellular transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hatakeyama
- Bioinformatics Group, RIKEN Genomic Sciences Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan.
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47
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Leung DW, Tompkins C, Brewer J, Ball A, Coon M, Morris V, Waggoner D, Singer JW. Phospholipase C delta-4 overexpression upregulates ErbB1/2 expression, Erk signaling pathway, and proliferation in MCF-7 cells. Mol Cancer 2004; 3:15. [PMID: 15140260 PMCID: PMC420486 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-3-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2003] [Accepted: 05/13/2004] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The expression of the rodent phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C delta-4 (PLCdelta4) has been found to be elevated upon mitogenic stimulation and expression analysis have linked the upregulation of PLCdelta4 expression with rapid proliferation in certain rat transformed cell lines. The human homologue of PLCdelta4 has not been extensively characterized. Accordingly, we investigate the effects of overexpression of human PLCdelta4 on cell signaling and proliferation in this study. RESULTS The cDNA for human PLCdelta4 has been isolated and expressed ectopically in breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Overexpression of PLCdelta4 selectively activates protein kinase C-phi and upregulates the expression of epidermal growth factor receptors EGFR/erbB1 and HER2/erbB2, leading to constitutive activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) pathway in MCF-7 cells. MCF-7 cells stably expressing PLCdelta4 demonstrates several phenotypes of transformation, such as rapid proliferation in low serum, formation of colonies in soft agar, and capacity to form densely packed spheroids in low-attachment plates. The growth signaling responses induced by PLCdelta4 are not reversible by siRNA. CONCLUSION Overexpression or dysregulated expression of PLCdelta4 may initiate oncogenesis in certain tissues through upregulation of ErbB expression and activation of ERK pathway. Since the growth responses induced by PLCdelta4 are not reversible, PLCdelta4 itself is not a suitable drug target, but enzymes in pathways activated by PLCdelta4 are potential therapeutic targets for oncogenic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Leung
- Cell Therapeutics, Inc., 201 Elliott Ave., W., Seattle, WA 98119, U.S.A
| | - Chris Tompkins
- Cell Therapeutics, Inc., 201 Elliott Ave., W., Seattle, WA 98119, U.S.A
| | - Jim Brewer
- Cell Therapeutics, Inc., 201 Elliott Ave., W., Seattle, WA 98119, U.S.A
| | - Alexey Ball
- Cell Therapeutics, Inc., 201 Elliott Ave., W., Seattle, WA 98119, U.S.A
| | - Mike Coon
- Cell Therapeutics, Inc., 201 Elliott Ave., W., Seattle, WA 98119, U.S.A
| | - Valerie Morris
- Cell Therapeutics, Inc., 201 Elliott Ave., W., Seattle, WA 98119, U.S.A
| | - David Waggoner
- Cell Therapeutics, Inc., 201 Elliott Ave., W., Seattle, WA 98119, U.S.A
| | - Jack W Singer
- Cell Therapeutics, Inc., 201 Elliott Ave., W., Seattle, WA 98119, U.S.A
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Marmor MD, Skaria KB, Yarden Y. Signal transduction and oncogenesis by ErbB/HER receptors. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2004; 58:903-13. [PMID: 14967450 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2003.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2003] [Accepted: 06/25/2003] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Growth factors enable cells to escape irradiation-induced death (apoptosis). One important family of growth factors share an epidermal growth factor motif, and all bind to ErbB transmembrane receptors. In response to growth factor ligands, ErbB receptor tyrosine kinases induce a variety of cellular responses, including proliferation, differentiation and motility. Signal transduction pathways are initiated upon ligand-induced receptor homo- or heterodimerization and activation of tyrosine kinase activity. The complement of induced signaling pathways, as well as their magnitude and duration, determines the biological outcome of signaling, and in turn, is regulated by the identity of the ligand and the receptor composition. Recent insights into the structural basis for receptor dimerization, as provided by crystallographic analysis, are described, as is the differential activation of signaling pathways and downregulatory mechanisms. Further, dysregulation of the ErbB network is implicated in a variety of human cancers, and the nature of aberrant signaling through ErbB proteins, as well as current therapeutic approaches, are discussed, highlighting the role of the highly oncogenic ErbB-2 molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina D Marmor
- Department of Biological Regulation, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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49
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Hudelist G, Singer CF, Manavi M, Pischinger K, Kubista E, Czerwenka K. Co-expression of ErbB-family members in human breast cancer: Her-2/neu is the preferred dimerization candidate in nodal-positive tumors. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2004; 80:353-61. [PMID: 14503808 DOI: 10.1023/a:1024929522376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Over-expression of members of the ErbB-receptor family has been associated with malignant transformation. The amplification of Her-2/neu in tumor tissue is now an established prognostic factor in breast cancer. In order to initiate signal transduction, ErbB-receptor monomers need to form homo- or heterodimers. The composition of these dimers is thought to influence both quality and quantity of downstream signaling pathways, and to determine the biological response. We have investigated the protein expression pattern of the four ErbB-receptors EGFR, Her-2/neu, Her-3 and Her-4, and correlated it with their putative ligands EGF, TGF-alpha and HRG in 74 women with invasive breast cancer. Using western blot-analysis on cell membrane isolates, we detected the co-expression of all four ErbB-family members in 79.7% of cases, and of all of the three investigated ligands in 82.4%. We did not observe a correlation between EGFR and Her-2/neu or Her-4 protein expression, EGFR and Her-3 (p = 0.005), and Her-3 and Her-4 (p = 0.05) were clearly co-expressed. The strongest overall correlation, was found between Her-2/neu and Her-3 (p < 0.001) and between Her-2/neu and Her-4 (p = 0.001). This was particularly true in nodal-positive tumors (p < 0.001 and p = 0.002) whereas in nodal-negative tumors the co-expression was either less significant (Her-2/neu and Her-3; p = 0.01) or not significant (Her-2/neu and Her-4). The co-expression of EGFR/Her-3 was associated with the expression of all ligands, whereas the Her-2/neu/Her-3 was correlated with HRG (p = 0.002), thereby indicating a functional relation between specific receptor-dimer combinations and putative ligands. Taken together, we have performed the first comprehensive survey of ErbB-system expression in breast cancer, and have demonstrated the presence of a co-regulated receptor/ligand system in vivo. We have further shown that Her-2/neu is the preferred co-expression partner in nodal-positive tumors and thus the most likely dimerization candidate in malignant breast tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Hudelist
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Special Gynecology and Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Clinical Experimental Oncology, University of Vienna, Austria
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Vijapurkar U, Kim MS, Koland JG. Roles of mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphoinositide 3'-kinase in ErbB2/ErbB3 coreceptor-mediated heregulin signaling. Exp Cell Res 2003; 284:291-302. [PMID: 12651161 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-4827(02)00040-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
ErbB2/HER2 and ErbB3/HER3, two members of the ErbB/HER family, together constitute a heregulin coreceptor complex that elicits a potent mitogenic and transforming signal. Among known intracellular effectors of the ErbB2/ErbB3 heregulin coreceptor are mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphoinositide (PI) 3-kinase. Activation of the distinct MAPK and PI 3-kinase signaling pathways by the ErbB2/ErbB3 coreceptor in response to heregulin and their relative contributions to the mitogenic and transformation potentials of the activated coreceptor were investigated here. To this end, cDNAs encoding the wild-type ErbB3 protein (ErbB3-WT) and ErbB3 proteins with amino acid substitutions in either the Shc-binding site (ErbB3-Y1325F), the six putative PI 3-kinase-binding sites (ErbB3-6F), or both (ErbB3-7F) were generated and expressed in NIH-3T3 cells to form functional ErbB2/ErbB3 heregulin coreceptors. While the coreceptor incorporating ErbB3-WT activated both the MAPK and the PI 3-kinase signaling pathways, those incorporating ErbB3-Y1325F or ErbB3-6F activated either PI 3-kinase or MAPK, respectively. The ErbB2/ErbB3-7F coreceptor activated neither. Elimination of either signaling pathway lowered basal and eliminated heregulin-dependent expression of cyclin D1, which was in each case accompanied by an attenuated mitogenic response. Selective elimination of the PI 3-kinase pathway severely impaired the ability of heregulin to transform cells expressing the coreceptor, whereas attenuation of the MAPK pathway had a lesser effect. Thus, while both pathways contributed in a roughly additive manner to the mitogenic response elicited by the activated ErbB2/ErbB3 coreceptor, the PI 3-kinase pathway predominated in the induction of cellular transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulka Vijapurkar
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Iowa, College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242-1109, USA
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