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Miyamoto E, Vosoughi D, Wang J, Al-Refaee J, Berra G, Daigneault T, Duong A, Joe B, Moshkelgosha S, Keshavjee S, Tinckam K, Hwang D, Chruscinski A, Juvet S, Martinu T. Local intragraft humoral immune responses in chronic lung allograft dysfunction. J Heart Lung Transplant 2024:S1053-2498(24)01752-2. [PMID: 39097215 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2024.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Donor human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-specific antibodies (DSA) and non-HLA antibodies can cause allograft injury, possibly leading to chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) after lung transplantation. It remains unclear whether these antibodies are produced locally in the graft or derived solely from circulation. We hypothesized that DSA and non-HLA antibodies are produced in CLAD lungs. METHODS Lung tissue was prospectively collected from 15 CLAD patients undergoing retransplantation or autopsy. 0.3 g of fresh lung tissue was cultured for 4 days without or with lipopolysaccharide or CD40L: lung culture supernatant (LCS) was sampled. Protein eluate was obtained from 0.3 g of frozen lung tissue. The mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of DSA and non-HLA antibodies was measured by Luminex and antigen microarray, respectively. RESULTS LCS from all 4 patients who had serum DSA at lung isolation were positive for DSA, with higher levels measured after CD40L stimulation (CD40L+LCS). Of these, only 2 had detectable DSA in lung eluate. MFI of non-HLA antibodies from CD40L+LCS correlated with those from lung eluate but not with those from sera. Flow cytometry showed higher frequencies of activated lung B cells in patients whose CD40L+LCS was positive for DSA (n = 4) or high non-HLA antibodies (n = 6) compared to those with low local antibodies (n = 5). Immunofluorescence staining showed CLAD lung lymphoid aggregates with local antibodies contained larger numbers of IgG+ plasma cells and greater IL-21 expression. CONCLUSIONS We show that DSA and non-HLA antibodies can be produced within activated B cell-rich lung allografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ei Miyamoto
- Latner Thoracic Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Vosoughi
- Latner Thoracic Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jinguo Wang
- HLA Laboratory, Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jamal Al-Refaee
- Latner Thoracic Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gregory Berra
- Latner Thoracic Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tina Daigneault
- Latner Thoracic Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Allen Duong
- Latner Thoracic Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Betty Joe
- Latner Thoracic Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sajad Moshkelgosha
- Latner Thoracic Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shaf Keshavjee
- Latner Thoracic Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Toronto Lung Transplant Program, Ajmera Transplant Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kathryn Tinckam
- HLA Laboratory, Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Hwang
- Department of Pathology, Sunnybrook Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Stephen Juvet
- Latner Thoracic Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Toronto Lung Transplant Program, Ajmera Transplant Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tereza Martinu
- Latner Thoracic Research Laboratories, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Toronto Lung Transplant Program, Ajmera Transplant Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Ivory K, Angotti R, Messina M, Bonente D, Paternostro F, Gulisano M, Nicoletti C. Alteration of Immunoregulatory Patterns and Survival Advantage of Key Cell Types in Food Allergic Children. Cells 2023; 12:2736. [PMID: 38067164 PMCID: PMC10706629 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
All allergic responses to food indicate the failure of immunological tolerance, but it is unclear why cow's milk and egg (CME) allergies resolve more readily than reactivity to peanuts (PN). We sought to identify differences between PN and CME allergies through constitutive immune status and responses to cognate and non-cognate food antigens. Children with confirmed allergy to CME (n = 6) and PN (n = 18) and non-allergic (NA) (n = 8) controls were studied. Constitutive secretion of cytokines was tested in plasma and unstimulated mononuclear cell (PBMNC) cultures. Blood dendritic cell (DC) subsets were analyzed alongside changes in phenotypes and soluble molecules in allergen-stimulated MNC cultures with or without cytokine neutralization. We observed that in allergic children, constitutively high plasma levels IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5 and IL-10 but less IL-12p70 than in non-allergic children was accompanied by the spontaneous secretion of sCD23, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12p70, IFN-γ and TNF-α in MNC cultures. Furthermore, blood DC subset counts differed in food allergy. Antigen-presenting cell phenotypic abnormalities were accompanied by higher B and T cell percentages with more Bcl-2 within CD69+ subsets. Cells were generally refractory to antigenic stimulation in vitro, but IL-4 neutralization led to CD152 downregulation by CD4+ T cells from PN allergic children responding to PN allergens. Canonical discriminant analyses segregated non-allergic and allergic children by their cytokine secretion patterns, revealing differences and areas of overlap between PN and CME allergies. Despite an absence of recent allergen exposure, indication of in vivo activation, in vitro responses independent of challenging antigen and the presence of unusual costimulatory molecules suggest dysregulated immunity in food allergy. Most importantly, higher Bcl-2 content within key effector cells implies survival advantage with the potential to mount abnormal responses that may give rise to the manifestations of allergy. Here, we put forward the hypothesis that the lack of apoptosis of key immune cell types might be central to the development of food allergic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rossella Angotti
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (R.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Mario Messina
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (R.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Denise Bonente
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Ferdinando Paternostro
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Firenze, Italy; (F.P.); (M.G.)
| | - Massimo Gulisano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Firenze, Italy; (F.P.); (M.G.)
| | - Claudio Nicoletti
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Firenze, Italy; (F.P.); (M.G.)
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Parasar P, Bernard M, Ahn SH, Kshirsagar SK, Nguyen SL, Grzesiak GR, Vettathu M, Martin D, Petroff MG. Isolation and characterization of uterine leukocytes collected using a uterine swab technique. Am J Reprod Immunol 2022; 88:e13614. [PMID: 35997140 PMCID: PMC9787928 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Leukocytes from the maternal-fetal interface are a valuable tool to study local changes in immune function during pregnancy; however, sampling can be challenging due to inadequate tissue availability and the invasive nature of placental bed biopsy. Here, we aim to purify and characterize leukocytes from paired peripheral and uterine blood samples to assess whether a less invasive method of uterine blood collection could yield a population of enriched uterine leukocytes suitable for ex vivo and in vitro analyses. METHOD OF STUDY Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and uterine blood mononuclear cells (UBMC) expressed from surgical gauze post C-section were isolated, and immunophenotypic information was acquired by multi-parameter flow cytometry. PBMC and UBMC were stained for markers used to define T and B lymphocytes, macrophages, regulatory T (TReg ) cells, and natural killer (NK) cells. Prime flow was performed to check expression and analysis of CD16- CD56++ and CD16- CD56++ NK transcripts in PBMC and UBMC samples. RESULTS Immunophenotyping revealed that over 95% of both live PBMC and UBMC consisted of CD45+ leukocytes. Higher percentages of CD16- CD56++ , characterized as uterine NK (uNK) cells, were observed in UBMC samples as compared to PBMC samples (18.41% of CD45+ CD3- vs. 2.73%, respectively), suggesting that CD16- CD56++ cells were enriched in these samples. In UBMC, 49.64% of CD3-negative cells were of peripheral NK phenotype (CD16+ CD56++ ), suggesting infiltration of maternal peripheral NK (pNK) cell in the uterine interface. CONCLUSION Intrauterine leukocytes, especially CD16- CD56++ NK cells, can be collected in sufficient numbers with increased purity by sampling the uterine cavity postdelivery with surgical gauze. Our results suggest that this non-invasive protocol is a useful sampling technique for isolating CD16- CD56++ cells, however, due to peripheral blood contamination, the NK cell yield could be lower compared to actual decidual or endometrial samples post-partum which is more invasive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parveen Parasar
- Department of Pathobiology & Diagnostic InvestigationChildren's Hospital BostonEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | - Matthew Bernard
- Department of Pharmacology & ToxicologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | - Soo Hyun Ahn
- Department of Pathobiology & Diagnostic InvestigationChildren's Hospital BostonEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | - Sarika K. Kshirsagar
- Department of Pathobiology & Diagnostic InvestigationChildren's Hospital BostonEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | - Sean L. Nguyen
- Cell and Molecular Biology ProgramMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA,Institute for Integrative ToxicologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | - Geoffrey R. Grzesiak
- Department of Pathobiology & Diagnostic InvestigationChildren's Hospital BostonEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | - Mathew Vettathu
- Department of Obstetrics & GynecologySparrow HospitalEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | - Denny Martin
- Department of Obstetrics & GynecologySparrow HospitalEast LansingMichiganUSA
| | - Margaret G. Petroff
- Department of Pathobiology & Diagnostic InvestigationChildren's Hospital BostonEast LansingMichiganUSA,Cell and Molecular Biology ProgramMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA,Microbiology & Molecular GeneticsMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
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Fosdick MG, Loftus S, Phillips I, Zacharias ZR, Houtman JCD. Glycerol monolaurate inhibition of human B cell activation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13506. [PMID: 35931746 PMCID: PMC9355977 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17432-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is a naturally occurring antimicrobial agent used commercially in numerous products and food items. GML is also used as a homeopathic agent and is being clinically tested to treat several human diseases. In addition to its anti-microbial function, GML suppresses immune cell proliferation and inhibits primary human T cell activation. GML suppresses T cell activation by altering membrane dynamics and disrupting the formation of protein clusters necessary for intracellular signaling. The ability of GML to disrupt cellular membranes suggests it may alter other cell types. To explore this possibility, we tested how GML affects human B cells. We found that GML inhibits BCR-induced cytokine production, phosphorylation of signaling proteins, and protein clustering, while also changing cellular membrane dynamics and dysregulating cytoskeleton rearrangement. Although similar, there are also differences between how B cells and T cells respond to GML. These differences suggest that unique intrinsic features of a cell may result in differential responses to GML treatment. Overall, this study expands our understanding of how GML impacts the adaptive immune response and contributes to a broader knowledge of immune modulating monoglycerides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela G Fosdick
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Subprogram in Molecular Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 2110 MERF, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Shannon Loftus
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Isabella Phillips
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Zeb R Zacharias
- Human Immunology Core, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Jon C D Houtman
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Subprogram in Molecular Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 2110 MERF, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA.
- Human Immunology Core, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA.
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Kneiber D, Kowalski EH, Amber KT. The Immunogenetics of Autoimmune Blistering Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1367:173-212. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-92616-8_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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Frensch M, Jäger C, Müller PF, Tadić A, Wilhelm I, Wehrum S, Diedrich B, Fischer B, Meléndez AV, Dengjel J, Eibel H, Römer W. Bacterial lectin BambL acts as a B cell superantigen. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:8165-8186. [PMID: 34731252 PMCID: PMC8629787 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04009-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
B cell superantigens crosslink conserved domains of B cell receptors (BCRs) and cause dysregulated, polyclonal B cell activation irrespective of normal BCR-antigen complementarity. The cells typically succumb to activation-induced cell death, which can impede the adaptive immune response and favor infection. In the present study, we demonstrate that the fucose-binding lectin of Burkholderia ambifaria, BambL, bears functional resemblance to B cell superantigens. By engaging surface glycans, the bacterial lectin activated human peripheral blood B cells, which manifested in the surface expression of CD69, CD54 and CD86 but became increasingly cytotoxic at higher concentrations. The effects were sensitive to BCR pathway inhibitors and excess fucose, which corroborates a glycan-driven mode of action. Interactome analyses in a model cell line suggest BambL binds directly to glycans of the BCR and regulatory coreceptors. In vitro, BambL triggered BCR signaling and induced CD19 internalization and degradation. Owing to the lectin's six binding sites, we propose a BCR activation model in which BambL functions as a clustering hub for receptor glycans, modulates normal BCR regulation, and induces cell death through exhaustive activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Frensch
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Signaling Research Centers BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Molecular and Cellular Biology (IMPRS-MCB), Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christina Jäger
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Signaling Research Centers BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter F Müller
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Signaling Research Centers BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Annamaria Tadić
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Signaling Research Centers BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Isabel Wilhelm
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Signaling Research Centers BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Wehrum
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Signaling Research Centers BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Britta Diedrich
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center and University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Beate Fischer
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, CCI and University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ana Valeria Meléndez
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Signaling Research Centers BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Joern Dengjel
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center and University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hermann Eibel
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, CCI and University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Winfried Römer
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
- Signaling Research Centers BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
- International Max Planck Research School for Molecular and Cellular Biology (IMPRS-MCB), Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany.
- Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
- Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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Carvajal Alegria G, Cornec D, Saraux A, Devauchelle-Pensec V, Jamin C, Hillion S, Pers JO, Pochard P. Abatacept Promotes Regulatory B Cell Functions, Enhancing Their Ability to Reduce the Th1 Response in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients through the Production of IL-10 and TGF-β. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:470-482. [PMID: 34244295 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abatacept mimics natural CD152 and competes with CD28 for binding to CD80/CD86 on APC, such as B cells, thereby preventing T cell activation. However, its potential impact on B cells has not been identified. The aim of this study was to assess whether abatacept can potentiate the immunoregulatory properties of B cells in vitro and in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). T and B cells from healthy controls were purified. The suppressor properties of B cells in the presence of abatacept or control IgG1 were evaluated based on the ability of these cells to inhibit the polyclonal expansion (anti-CD3/CD28 stimulation) of T cells or their differentiation into Th1 or Th17 cells. Similar analyses were also performed with cells from RA patients before and 3 mo after abatacept initiation. Abatacept significantly potentiated regulatory B cell regulatory functions by enhancing their ability to produce IL-10 and TGF-β, resulting in the increased generation of regulatory T cells and limited T cell proliferation and differentiation into Th1 and Th17 cells. Interestingly, B cells isolated from patients that received a 3-mo treatment with abatacept had an increased ability to reduce T cell functions, confirming the above observations. Abatacept binding to CD80/CD86 induces and promotes regulatory B cell functions by enhancing the ability of these cells to produce IL-10 and TGF-β in vitro and in RA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Carvajal Alegria
- UMR 1227 "Lymphocytes B et Autoimmunité," Université de Brest, INSERM, LabEx IGO, Brest, France; and CHU de Brest, Brest, France
| | - Divi Cornec
- UMR 1227 "Lymphocytes B et Autoimmunité," Université de Brest, INSERM, LabEx IGO, Brest, France; and CHU de Brest, Brest, France
| | - Alain Saraux
- UMR 1227 "Lymphocytes B et Autoimmunité," Université de Brest, INSERM, LabEx IGO, Brest, France; and CHU de Brest, Brest, France
| | - Valérie Devauchelle-Pensec
- UMR 1227 "Lymphocytes B et Autoimmunité," Université de Brest, INSERM, LabEx IGO, Brest, France; and CHU de Brest, Brest, France
| | - Christophe Jamin
- UMR 1227 "Lymphocytes B et Autoimmunité," Université de Brest, INSERM, LabEx IGO, Brest, France; and CHU de Brest, Brest, France
| | - Sophie Hillion
- UMR 1227 "Lymphocytes B et Autoimmunité," Université de Brest, INSERM, LabEx IGO, Brest, France; and CHU de Brest, Brest, France
| | - Jacques-Olivier Pers
- UMR 1227 "Lymphocytes B et Autoimmunité," Université de Brest, INSERM, LabEx IGO, Brest, France; and CHU de Brest, Brest, France
| | - Pierre Pochard
- UMR 1227 "Lymphocytes B et Autoimmunité," Université de Brest, INSERM, LabEx IGO, Brest, France; and CHU de Brest, Brest, France
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Hadebe S, Khumalo J, Mangali S, Mthembu N, Ndlovu H, Scibiorek M, Ngomti A, Kirstein F, Brombacher F. Deletion of IL-4Rα signaling on B cells limits hyperresponsiveness depending on antigen load. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 148:99-109.e5. [PMID: 33383090 PMCID: PMC8253118 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.12.635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND B cells play an important role in allergies through secretion of IgE. IL-4 receptor α (IL-4Rα) is key in allergic asthma and regulates type 2 cytokine production, IgE secretion, and airway hyperresponsiveness. IL-4 activation of B cells is essential for class switching and contributes to the induction of B effector 2 (Be2) cells. The role of Be2 cells and signaling via IL-4Rα in B cells is not clearly defined. OBJECTIVE We sought to find out whether IL-4Rα-responsive B cells or Be2 function was essential in experimental allergic asthma. METHODS Mice lacking IL-4Rα on B cells (mb1creIL-4Rα-/lox) or littermate controls (IL-4Rα-/lox) and mice lacking IL-4 or IL-4/IL-13 on B cells were sensitized and challenged with high-dose house dust mite (>10 μg) or with low-dose house dust mite (<3 μg). We also adoptively transferred naive IL-4Rα-/lox or IL-4Rα-/- B cells into μMT-/- mice a day before sensitization or a day before challenge. We analyzed lung inflammation, cellular infiltrate, and airway hyperresponsiveness. RESULTS We found that IL-4Rα signaling on B cells was important for optimal TH2 allergic immune responses mainly when the load of antigen is limited. IL-4Rα signaling on B cells was essential for germinal centers and in the effector phase of allergic responses. Be2 cells were essential in airway hyperresponsiveness, but not in other parameters. CONCLUSIONS IL-4Rα signaling on B cells is deleterious in allergic asthma because it is required for optimal TH2 responses, Be2 function, germinal center formation, and T follicular helper cells, especially when the load of the antigen is limiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabelo Hadebe
- Division of Immunology, and South African Medical Research Council Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Jermaine Khumalo
- Division of Immunology, and South African Medical Research Council Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) and Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Division of Immunology, Health Science Faculty, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sandisiwe Mangali
- Division of Immunology, and South African Medical Research Council Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) and Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Division of Immunology, Health Science Faculty, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nontobeko Mthembu
- Division of Immunology, and South African Medical Research Council Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) and Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Division of Immunology, Health Science Faculty, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Hlumani Ndlovu
- Division of Chemical and Systems Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Martyna Scibiorek
- Division of Immunology, and South African Medical Research Council Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) and Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Division of Immunology, Health Science Faculty, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Amkele Ngomti
- Division of Immunology, and South African Medical Research Council Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) and Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Division of Immunology, Health Science Faculty, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Frank Kirstein
- Division of Immunology, and South African Medical Research Council Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Frank Brombacher
- Division of Immunology, and South African Medical Research Council Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) and Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Division of Immunology, Health Science Faculty, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
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Liu PC, Ssu CT, Tsao YP, Liou TL, Tsai CY, Chou CT, Chen MH, Leu CM. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4-Ig (CTLA-4-Ig) suppresses Staphylococcus aureus-induced CD80, CD86, and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in human B cells. Arthritis Res Ther 2020; 22:64. [PMID: 32228715 PMCID: PMC7106629 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-020-2138-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4-Ig (CTLA-4-Ig) competes with CD28 for binding CD80/CD86 on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to limit T cell activation. B cells are believed to be important APCs in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and express CD80/CD86 after activation; however, relatively little is known about the effect of CTLA-4-Ig on B cells. This study tested the impact of CTLA-4-Ig on human B cell responses. Methods Human blood B cells were purified from healthy donors and activated in the presence of CTLA-4-Ig or the L6-Ig control protein in vitro. RT-q-PCR and immunofluorescence staining were performed to detect activation marker expression. ELISA was conducted to measure cytokine secretion. The CD80/CD86 levels on the surface of the memory B cells in the blood of 18 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were detected using immunofluorescence staining. Results CTLA-4-Ig suppressed the expression of Staphylococcus aureus (SAC)-induced CD80, CD86, TNFA, and IL6 in human B cells at the transcriptional level. Furthermore, CTLA-4-Ig concomitantly decreased SAC-induced CD80/CD86 surface expression on and TNF-α and IL-6 secretion from B cells. On the other hand, T cell-dependent (TD) stimulation-induced B cell activation, proliferation, plasma cell differentiation, and antibody secretion were not affected by CTLA-4-Ig. As expected, TD stimulation-induced surface CD80 was hindered by CTLA-4-Ig. Notably, a blockade of CD80/CD86 on the surface of the memory B cells was observed in the patients with RA after abatacept (CTLA-4-Ig) treatment. In a portion of the RA patients, restoration of CD80/CD86 staining on the surface of the memory B was detected starting in the 3rd month of abatacept treatment. Interestingly, the surface levels of CD80/CD86 on the patients’ memory B cells positively correlated with disease activity. Conclusions We found that CTLA-4-Ig directly suppressed SAC-induced B cell activation in vitro. Obstruction of CD80 and CD86 on the surface of the memory B cells was detected in the RA patients after abatacept treatment. Blocking CD80/CD86 on B cells by CTLA-4-Ig may hinder T cell activation and associated with the disease activity of RA in vivo. Our findings indicate that CTLA-4-Ig may regulate humoral responses by modulating B cell activation and interfering T cell-B cell interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Chun Liu
- Institute of Microbiology & Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, 155 Sec. 2, Li-Nong St., Taipei City, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Tai Ssu
- Institute of Microbiology & Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, 155 Sec. 2, Li-Nong St., Taipei City, 11221, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Po Tsao
- Division of Allergy, Immunology & Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shih-Pai Road, Taipei City, 11217, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Teh-Ling Liou
- Division of Allergy, Immunology & Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shih-Pai Road, Taipei City, 11217, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Youh Tsai
- Division of Allergy, Immunology & Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shih-Pai Road, Taipei City, 11217, Taiwan.,Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Tei Chou
- Division of Allergy, Immunology & Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shih-Pai Road, Taipei City, 11217, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Han Chen
- Division of Allergy, Immunology & Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shih-Pai Road, Taipei City, 11217, Taiwan. .,Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei City, Taiwan.
| | - Chuen-Miin Leu
- Institute of Microbiology & Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, 155 Sec. 2, Li-Nong St., Taipei City, 11221, Taiwan. .,Infection and Immunity Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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10
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Ezekian B, Schroder PM, Mulvihill MS, Barbas A, Collins B, Freischlag K, Yoon J, Yi JS, Smith F, Olaso D, Saccoccio FM, Permar S, Farris AB, Kwun J, Knechtle SJ. Pretransplant Desensitization with Costimulation Blockade and Proteasome Inhibitor Reduces DSA and Delays Antibody-Mediated Rejection in Highly Sensitized Nonhuman Primate Kidney Transplant Recipients. J Am Soc Nephrol 2019; 30:2399-2411. [PMID: 31658991 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2019030304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with broad HLA sensitization have poor access to donor organs, high mortality while waiting for kidney transplant, and inferior graft survival. Although desensitization strategies permit transplantation via lowering of donor-specific antibodies, the B cell-response axis from germinal center activation to plasma cell differentiation remains intact. METHODS To investigate targeting the germinal center response and plasma cells as a desensitization strategy, we sensitized maximally MHC-mismatched rhesus pairs with two sequential skin transplants. We administered a proteasome inhibitor (carfilzomib) and costimulation blockade agent (belatacept) to six animals weekly for 1 month; four controls received no treatment. We analyzed blood, lymph node, bone marrow cells, and serum before desensitization, after desensitization, and after kidney transplantation. RESULTS The group receiving carfilzomib and belatacept exhibited significantly reduced levels of donor-specific antibodies (P=0.05) and bone marrow plasma cells (P=0.02) compared with controls, with a trend toward reduced lymph node T follicular helper cells (P=0.06). Compared with controls, carfilzomib- and belatacept-treated animals had significantly prolonged graft survival (P=0.02), and renal biopsy at 1 month showed significantly reduced antibody-mediated rejection scores (P=0.02). However, four of five animals with long-term graft survival showed gradual rebound of donor-specific antibodies and antibody-mediated rejection. CONCLUSIONS Desensitization using proteasome inhibition and costimulation blockade reduces bone marrow plasma cells, disorganizes germinal center responses, reduces donor-specific antibody levels, and prolongs allograft survival in highly sensitized nonhuman primates. Most animals experienced antibody-mediated rejection with humoral-response rebound, suggesting desensitization must be maintained after transplantation using ongoing suppression of the B cell response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - John S Yi
- Division of Surgical Sciences, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina; and
| | | | - Danae Olaso
- Department of Surgery, Duke Transplant Center
| | - Frances M Saccoccio
- Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Sallie Permar
- Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Alton B Farris
- Department of Pathology, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jean Kwun
- Department of Surgery, Duke Transplant Center,
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11
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Highly diverse cembranoids from the South China Sea soft coral Sinularia scabra as a new class of potential immunosuppressive agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 27:3469-3476. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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12
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Effects of Friend Virus Infection and Regulatory T Cells on the Antigen Presentation Function of B Cells. mBio 2019; 10:mBio.02578-18. [PMID: 30670616 PMCID: PMC6343038 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02578-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary role of B cells in immunity is considered the production of pathogen-specific antibodies, but another, less-well-studied, function of B cells is to present foreign antigens to T cells to stimulate their activation and proliferation. Dendritic cells (DCs) are considered the most important antigen-presenting cells (APCs) for CD8+ T cells, but DCs lose APC function when infected with Friend virus (FV), a model retrovirus of mice. Interestingly, B cells were better able to stimulate CD8+ T cell responses when they were infected with FV. We also found that the activation status of B cells under homeostatic conditions was potently modulated by regulatory T cells. This study illustrates an important link between B cell and T cell responses and illustrates an additional mechanism by which regulatory T cells suppress critical T cell responses during viral infections. Friend virus (FV) is a naturally occurring mouse retrovirus that infects dividing cells of the hematopoietic lineage, including antigen-presenting cells (APCs). The infection of APCs by viruses often induces their dysfunction, and it has been shown that FV infection reduces the ability of dendritic cells (DCs) to prime critical CD8+ T cell responses. Nonetheless, mice mount vigorous CD8+ T cell responses, so we investigated whether B cells might serve as alternative APCs during FV infection. Direct ex vivo analysis of B cells from FV-infected mice revealed that infected but not uninfected B cells upregulated expression of the costimulatory molecules CD80, CD86, and CD40, as well as major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) molecules. Furthermore, in vitro studies showed that, compared to uninfected B cells from the same mice, the FV-infected B cells had significantly enhanced APC function, as measured by their capacity to prime CD8+ T cell activation and proliferation. Thus, in contrast to DCs, infection of B cells with FV enhanced their APC capacity and ability to stimulate the CD8+ T cell responses essential for virus control. FV infections also induce the activation and expansion of regulatory T cells (Tregs), so it was of interest to determine the impact of Tregs on B cell activation. The upregulation of costimulatory molecule expression and APC function of B cells was even more strongly enhanced by in vivo depletion of regulatory T cells than infection. Thus, Tregs exert potent homeostatic suppression of B cell activation that is partially overcome by FV infection.
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13
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Vodo D, Sarig O, Sprecher E. The Genetics of Pemphigus Vulgaris. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:226. [PMID: 30155467 PMCID: PMC6102399 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a severe autoimmune blistering disease caused by auto-antibodies (auto-Abs) directed against epithelial desmosomal components and leading to disruption of cell-cell adhesion. The exact mechanisms underlying the disease pathogenesis remain unknown and treatment is still based on immunosuppressive drugs, such as corticosteroids, which are associated with potentially significant side effects. Ethnic susceptibility, familial occurrence, and autoimmune comorbidity, suggest a genetic component to the pathogenesis of the disease, which, if discovered, could advance our understanding of PV pathogenesis and thereby point to novel therapeutic targets for this life-threatening disorder. In this article, we review the evidence for a genetic basis of PV, summarize the different approaches used to investigate susceptibility traits for the disease and describe past and recent discoveries regarding genes associated with PV, most of which belong to the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) locus with limited data regarding association of non-HLA genes with the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Vodo
- Department of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ofer Sarig
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eli Sprecher
- Department of Dermatology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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14
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Leibler C, Thiolat A, Hénique C, Samson C, Pilon C, Tamagne M, Pirenne F, Vingert B, Cohen JL, Grimbert P. Control of Humoral Response in Renal Transplantation by Belatacept Depends on a Direct Effect on B Cells and Impaired T Follicular Helper-B Cell Crosstalk. J Am Soc Nephrol 2018; 29:1049-1062. [PMID: 29321143 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2017060679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Generation of de novo donor-specific antibodies (dnDSAs) after renal transplant is recognized as the leading cause of late transplant failure. Hence, the optimal immunosuppressive strategies to limit dnDSA development need to be defined. Recent clinical trials using the novel costimulatory blockade agent CTLA4-Ig (Belatacept) have shown that kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) treated with Belatacept have better graft survival and function and a lower proportion of dnDSAs than control-treated KTRs. Mechanisms involved in the control of humoral responses by Belatacept remain to be investigated. Here, we analyzed the effect of Belatacept on different steps of the B cell-mediated response in humans. In vitro, Belatacept reduced plasmablast differentiation, Ig production, and the expression of the major transcription factor involved in plasma cell function, Blimp-1, in a T cell-independent manner. Moreover, Belatacept induced activation of the STAT3 transcription factor in stimulated B cells and reduced the expression of CD86. Additionally, Belatacept blocked CD28-mediated activation of T follicular helper cells (Tfhs) in an autologous Tfh-memory B cells model. We then validated these observations in KTRs treated with Belatacept, who had a reduced proportion of blood effector B cells and activated Tfh (PD1+ICOS+) compared with control-treated KTRs. Our in vitro and in vivo results suggest that Belatacept modulates B cell function directly and at the level of B cell-Tfh interaction. These mechanisms likely account for the optimal control of humoral responses observed in KTRs treated with Belatacept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Leibler
- Université Paris-Est, Unité Mixte de Recherche 955, Université Paris-Est-Créteil, Creteil, France.,U955, Team 21, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Creteil, France.,Hopital Henri-Mondor-A. Chenevier, CIC-BT-504, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Creteil, France; and
| | - Allan Thiolat
- Université Paris-Est, Unité Mixte de Recherche 955, Université Paris-Est-Créteil, Creteil, France.,U955, Team 21, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Creteil, France
| | - Carole Hénique
- Université Paris-Est, Unité Mixte de Recherche 955, Université Paris-Est-Créteil, Creteil, France.,U955, Team 21, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Creteil, France
| | - Chloé Samson
- Université Paris-Est, Unité Mixte de Recherche 955, Université Paris-Est-Créteil, Creteil, France.,U955, Team 21, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Creteil, France
| | - Caroline Pilon
- Université Paris-Est, Unité Mixte de Recherche 955, Université Paris-Est-Créteil, Creteil, France.,U955, Team 21, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Creteil, France
| | - Marie Tamagne
- U955, Team 2, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Creteil, France
| | - France Pirenne
- U955, Team 2, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Creteil, France
| | - Benoit Vingert
- U955, Team 2, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Creteil, France
| | - José L Cohen
- Université Paris-Est, Unité Mixte de Recherche 955, Université Paris-Est-Créteil, Creteil, France.,U955, Team 21, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Creteil, France.,Hopital Henri-Mondor-A. Chenevier, CIC-BT-504, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Creteil, France; and
| | - Philippe Grimbert
- Université Paris-Est, Unité Mixte de Recherche 955, Université Paris-Est-Créteil, Creteil, France; .,U955, Team 21, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Creteil, France.,Hopital Henri-Mondor-A. Chenevier, CIC-BT-504, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Creteil, France; and
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15
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Huang Y, Lin Z, Huo Y, Geng X, Li M, Yang Y, Li B. Procainamide-induced autoimmunity: Relationship to T-helper 2-type T-cell activation. Hum Exp Toxicol 2017; 37:647-662. [PMID: 28741378 DOI: 10.1177/0960327117718043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Drug-induced autoimmunity (DIA) refers to a group of adverse drug reactions, and they remain unpredictable largely due to the limited understanding of the mechanisms involved. There is evidence that procainamide can cause autoimmune reactions in humans but the mechanisms involved remain unclear. To examine the cellular and genetic factors involved in the procainamide-induced autoimmune response, we compared rats that are genetically T-helper (Th)2-predisposed (Brown Norway (BN)), Th1-predisposed (Lewis (LEW)) or not genetically predisposed (Sprague Dawley (SD)). We revealed significant differences in response to autoimmunity induced by procainamide among three strains rats, BN was the most sensitive one, SD exhibited less sensitive, while LEW resistance to procainamide. Much more pronounced of Th2-type responses and more complex differentially expressed genes involved in immune regulation and response in BN might contribute to its susceptibleness to DIA. Moreover, similar immune mechanisms were found between BN and SD, which suggesting that these changes would serve as the potential bridge biomarkers to predict DIA among species. This study may also benefit to further understand the toxicological mechanism of drug-induced autoimmune reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Huang
- National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, The Beijing Key Lab for Pre-clinical safety evaluation of Drugs, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Z Lin
- National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, The Beijing Key Lab for Pre-clinical safety evaluation of Drugs, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Huo
- National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, The Beijing Key Lab for Pre-clinical safety evaluation of Drugs, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - X Geng
- National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, The Beijing Key Lab for Pre-clinical safety evaluation of Drugs, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - M Li
- National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, The Beijing Key Lab for Pre-clinical safety evaluation of Drugs, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Yang
- National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, The Beijing Key Lab for Pre-clinical safety evaluation of Drugs, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - B Li
- National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, The Beijing Key Lab for Pre-clinical safety evaluation of Drugs, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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16
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Abstract
Crosstalk between B and T cells in transplantation is increasingly recognized as being important in the alloimmune response. T cell activation of B cells occurs by a 3-stage pathway, culminating with costimulation signals. We review the distinct T cell subtypes required for B-cell activation and discuss the formation of the germinal center (GC) after transplantation, with particular reference to the repopulation of the GC after depletional induction, and the subsequent effect of immunosuppressive manipulation of T cell-B cell interactions. In addition, ectopic GCs are seen in transplantation, but their role is not fully understood. Therapeutic options to target T cell-B cell interactions are of considerable interest, both as immunosuppressive tools, and to aid in the further understanding of these important alloimmune mechanisms.
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17
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Lin W, Zhang P, Chen H, Chen Y, Yang H, Zheng W, Zhang X, Zhang F, Zhang W, Lipsky PE. Circulating plasmablasts/plasma cells: a potential biomarker for IgG4-related disease. Arthritis Res Ther 2017; 19:25. [PMID: 28183334 PMCID: PMC5301376 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-017-1231-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a multisystem fibroinflammatory disease. We previously reported that a circulating cell population expressing CD19+CD24-CD38hi was increased in patients with IgG4-RD. In this study, we aimed to document that this cell population represented circulating plasmablasts/plasma cells, to identify the detailed phenotype and gene expression profile of these IgG4-secreting plasmablasts/plasma cells, and to determine whether this B-cell lineage subset could be a biomarker in IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD). METHODS A total of 42 untreated patients with IgG4-RD were evaluated. Peripheral B-cell subsets, including CD19+CD24-CD38hi plasmablasts/plasma cells, CD19+CD24+CD38- memory B cells, CD19+CD24intCD38int naïve B cells, and CD19+CD24hiCD38hi regulatory B cells, were assessed and sorted by flow cytometry. Microarray analysis was used to measure gene expression of circulating B-cell lineage subsets. Further characterization of CD19+CD24-CD38hi plasmablasts/plasma cells was carried out by evaluating additional surface markers, including CD27, CD95, and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR, by flow cytometric assay. In addition, various B-cell lineage subsets were cultured in vitro and IgG4 concentrations were measured by cytometric bead array. RESULTS In untreated patients with IgG4-RD, the peripheral CD19+CD24-CD38hi plasmablast/plasma cell subset was increased and positively correlated with serum IgG4 levels, the number of involved organs, and the IgG4-related Disease Responder Index. It decreased after treatment with glucocorticoids. Characterization of the plasmablast/plasma cell population by gene expression profiling documented a typical plasmablast/plasma cell signature with higher expression of X-box binding protein 1 and IFN regulatory factor 4, but lower expression of paired box gene 5 and B-cell lymphoma 6 protein. In addition, CD27, CD95, and HLA-DR were highly expressed on CD19+CD24-CD38hi plasmablasts/plasma cells from patients with IgG4-RD. Furthermore, CD19+CD24-CD38hi plasmablasts/plasma cells secreted more IgG4 than other B-cell populations. CONCLUSIONS Circulating CD19+CD24-CD38hi plasmablasts/plasma cells are elevated in active IgG4-RD and decreased after glucocorticoid treatment. This IgG4-secreting plasmablast/plasma cell population might be a potentially useful biomarker for diagnosis and assessing response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Lin
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100730, China.,Department of Rheumatology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Panpan Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Hongxian Yang
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Wenjie Zheng
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Fengxiao Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100730, China.
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18
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Patera AC, Drewry AM, Chang K, Beiter ER, Osborne D, Hotchkiss RS. Frontline Science: Defects in immune function in patients with sepsis are associated with PD-1 or PD-L1 expression and can be restored by antibodies targeting PD-1 or PD-L1. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 100:1239-1254. [PMID: 27671246 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.4hi0616-255r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a heterogeneous syndrome comprising a highly diverse and dynamic mixture of hyperinflammatory and compensatory anti-inflammatory immune responses. This immune phenotypic diversity highlights the importance of proper patient selection for treatment with the immunomodulatory drugs that are entering clinical trials. To better understand the serial changes in immunity of critically ill patients and to evaluate the potential efficacy of blocking key inhibitory pathways in sepsis, we undertook a broad phenotypic and functional analysis of innate and acquired immunity in the same aliquot of blood from septic, critically ill nonseptic, and healthy donors. We also tested the ability of blocking the checkpoint inhibitors programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) to restore the function of innate and acquired immune cells. Neutrophil and monocyte function (phagocytosis, CD163, cytokine expression) were progressively diminished as sepsis persisted. An increasing frequency in PD-L1+-suppressor phenotype neutrophils [low-density neutrophils (LDNs)] was also noted. PD-L1+ LDNs and defective neutrophil function correlated with disease severity, consistent with the potential importance of suppressive neutrophil populations in sepsis. Reduced neutrophil and monocyte function correlated both with their own PD-L1 expression and with PD-1 expression on CD8+ T cells and NK cells. Conversely, reduced CD8+ T cell and NK cell functions (IFN-γ production, granzyme B, and CD107a expression) correlated with elevated PD-L1+ LDNs. Importantly, addition of antibodies against PD-1 or PD-L1 restored function in neutrophil, monocyte, T cells, and NK cells, underlining the impact of the PD-1:PD-L1 axis in sepsis-immune suppression and the ability to treat multiple deficits with a single immunomodulatory agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriani C Patera
- Infectious Disease and Vaccines Department, MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Anne M Drewry
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Katherine Chang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Evan R Beiter
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Dale Osborne
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Richard S Hotchkiss
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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19
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Qin Q, Yin Z, Wu X, Haas KM, Huang X. Valency and density matter: Deciphering impacts of immunogen structures on immune responses against a tumor associated carbohydrate antigen using synthetic glycopolymers. Biomaterials 2016; 101:189-98. [PMID: 27294537 PMCID: PMC4921287 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
For successful carbohydrate based anti-cancer vaccines, it is critical that B cells are activated to secret antibodies targeting the tumor associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs). Despite the availability of many TACA based constructs, systematic understanding of the effects of structural features on anti-glycan antibody responses is lacking. In this study, a series of defined synthetic glyco-polymers bearing a representative TACA, i.e., the Thomsen-nouveau (Tn) antigen, have been prepared to probe the induction of early B cell activation and antibody production via a T cell independent mechanism. Valency and density of the antigen in the polymers turned out to be critical. An average of greater than 6 Tn per chain was needed to induce antibody production. Glycopolymers with 40 antigens per chain and backbone molecular weight of 450 kDa gave the strongest stimulation to B cells in vitro, which correlated well with its in vivo activity. Deviations from the desired valency and density led to decreased antibody production or even antigen specific B cell non-responsiveness. These findings provide important insights on how to modulate anti-TACA immune responses facilitating the development of TACA based anti-cancer vaccines using glycopolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Qin
- Department of Chemistry, 578 S. Shaw Lane, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Zhaojun Yin
- Department of Chemistry, 578 S. Shaw Lane, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Xuanjun Wu
- Department of Chemistry, 578 S. Shaw Lane, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Karen M Haas
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology and Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Xuefei Huang
- Department of Chemistry, 578 S. Shaw Lane, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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Tanasilovic S, Popadic S, Medenica L, Popadic D. Pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus foliaceus determined by CD86 and CTLA4 polymorphisms. Clin Dermatol 2016; 35:236-241. [PMID: 28274366 DOI: 10.1016/j.clindermatol.2016.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) and pemphigus foliaceus (PF) are rare autoimmune blistering diseases with presumed T-cell-dependent pathology. Activation of naïve T cells is dependent on antigen recognition, subsequent signaling through the T-cell receptor complex (signal 1), and various other interactions of T cells with antigen presenting cells that may be collectively designated as signal 2, which is unconditionally required for T-cell activation both in response to infection and to autoantigens. Among the best described interactions contributing to signal 2 are those mediated by B7 family molecules, such as CD80 and CD86 with their ligands; CD28, providing activation signals; and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4), conferring inhibition. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within genes encoding those molecules may alter the signaling process. It is not known whether functional genetic polymorphisms within genes encoding the aforementioned proteins may increase risk for developing PV and PF and, if so, whether they might serve as biomarkers for susceptibility to these diseases. To address those questions, we examined functional single nucleotide polymorphisms within CD86 (rs1129055) and CTLA4 (rs733618 and rs5742909) genes in 61 pemphigus patients and 486 healthy controls. We found statistically significant differences in allele and genotype frequencies between PV patients and controls for rs1129055, as well as for rs5742909 among PV and PF patients. Namely, the rs1129055 A allele was significantly more common in PV patients compared with controls (35.4% versus 25.7%, respectively; P = .040), whereas the rs5742909 T allele was significantly more common in PF compared with PV patients (19.2% versus 5.2%, respectively; P = .035). The frequency of the rs5742909 T allele did not, however, differ significantly in PF or in PV compared with controls (10.5%; P = .187 and P = .100, respectively). We report a novel association of SNPs within CD86 and CTLA4 genes with pemphigus. The CD86 rs1129055 A allele appears to confer susceptibility to PV but not to PF. © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srdjan Tanasilovic
- Department of Dermatovenereology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia; Clinic of Dermatovenereology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Svetlana Popadic
- Department of Dermatovenereology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia; Clinic of Dermatovenereology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ljiljana Medenica
- Department of Dermatovenereology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia; Clinic of Dermatovenereology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dusan Popadic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Hagl B, Heinz V, Schlesinger A, Spielberger BD, Sawalle-Belohradsky J, Senn-Rauh M, Magg T, Boos AC, Hönig M, Schwarz K, Dückers G, von Bernuth H, Pache C, Karitnig-Weiss C, Belohradsky BH, Frank J, Niehues T, Wahn V, Albert MH, Wollenberg A, Jansson AF, Renner ED. Key findings to expedite the diagnosis of hyper-IgE syndromes in infants and young children. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2016; 27:177-84. [PMID: 26592211 DOI: 10.1111/pai.12512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyper-IgE syndromes (HIES) are primary immunodeficiency disorders characterized by elevated serum IgE, eczema, and recurrent infections. Despite the availability of confirmatory molecular diagnosis of several distinct HIES entities, the differentiation of HIES particularly from severe forms of atopic dermatitis remains a challenge. The two most common forms of HIES are caused by mutations in the genes STAT3 and DOCK8. METHODS Here, we assess the clinical and immunologic phenotype of DOCK8- and STAT3-HIES patients including the cell activation, proliferation, and cytokine release after stimulation. RESULTS Existing HIES scoring systems are helpful to identify HIES patients. However, those scores may fail in infants and young children due to the age-related lack of clinical symptoms. Furthermore, our long-term observations showed a striking variation of laboratory results over time in the individual patient. Reduced memory B-cell counts in concert with low specific antibody production are the most consistent findings likely contributing to the high susceptibility to bacterial and fungal infection. In DOCK8-HIES, T-cell lymphopenia and low IFN-gamma secretion after stimulation were common, likely promoting viral infections. In contrast to STAT3-HIES, DOCK8-HIES patients showed more severe inflammation with regard to allergic manifestations, elevated activation markers (HLA-DR, CD69, CD86, and CD154), and significantly increased inflammatory cytokines (IL1-beta, IL4, IL6, and IFN-gamma). CONCLUSION Differentiating HIES from other diseases such as atopic dermatitis early in life is essential for patients because treatment modalities differ. To expedite the diagnosis process, we propose here a diagnostic workflow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate Hagl
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Valerie Heinz
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Anne Schlesinger
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany.,Dermatology Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Monika Senn-Rauh
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Magg
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Annette C Boos
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany.,Dermatology Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Manfred Hönig
- University Children's Hospital, University Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Klaus Schwarz
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University of Ulm and Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Service, Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | - Christoph Pache
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Bernd H Belohradsky
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Josef Frank
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Cell Therapeutics and Haemostaseology, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Tim Niehues
- HELIOS Children's Hospital, Krefeld, Germany
| | - Volker Wahn
- University Children's Hospital, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael H Albert
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Annette F Jansson
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Ellen D Renner
- Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
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Adenosine A1 receptors contribute to immune regulation after neonatal hypoxic ischemic brain injury. Purinergic Signal 2015; 12:89-101. [PMID: 26608888 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-015-9482-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal brain hypoxic ischemia (HI) often results in long-term motor and cognitive impairments. Post-ischemic inflammation greatly effects outcome and adenosine receptor signaling modulates both HI and immune cell function. Here, we investigated the influence of adenosine A1 receptor deficiency (A1R(-/-)) on key immune cell populations in a neonatal brain HI model. Ten-day-old mice were subjected to HI. Functional outcome was assessed by open locomotion and beam walking test and infarction size evaluated. Flow cytometry was performed on brain-infiltrating cells, and semi-automated analysis of flow cytometric data was applied. A1R(-/-) mice displayed larger infarctions (+33%, p < 0.05) and performed worse in beam walking tests (44% more mistakes, p < 0.05) than wild-type (WT) mice. Myeloid cell activation after injury was enhanced in A1R(-/-) versus WT brains. Activated B lymphocytes expressing IL-10 infiltrated the brain after HI in WT, but were less activated and did not increase in relative frequency in A1R(-/-). Also, A1R(-/-) B lymphocytes expressed less IL-10 than their WT counterparts, the A1R antagonist DPCPX decreased IL-10 expression whereas the A1R agonist CPA increased it. CD4(+) T lymphocytes including FoxP3(+) T regulatory cells, were unaffected by genotype, whereas CD8(+) T lymphocyte responses were smaller in A1R(-/-) mice. Using PCA to characterize the immune profile, we could discriminate the A1R(-/-) and WT genotypes as well as sham operated from HI-subjected animals. We conclude that A1R signaling modulates IL-10 expression by immune cells, influences the activation of these cells in vivo, and affects outcome after HI.
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23
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den Haan JM, Arens R, van Zelm MC. The activation of the adaptive immune system: Cross-talk between antigen-presenting cells, T cells and B cells. Immunol Lett 2014; 162:103-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2014.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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24
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Berkowska MA, Heeringa JJ, Hajdarbegovic E, van der Burg M, Thio HB, van Hagen PM, Boon L, Orfao A, van Dongen JJ, van Zelm MC. Human IgE+ B cells are derived from T cell–dependent and T cell–independent pathways. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2014; 134:688-697.e6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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25
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Picchianti Diamanti A, Rosado MM, Scarsella M, Germano V, Giorda E, Cascioli S, Laganà B, D'Amelio R, Carsetti R. Abatacept (cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4-immunoglobulin) improves B cell function and regulatory T cell inhibitory capacity in rheumatoid arthritis patients non-responding to anti-tumour necrosis factor-α agents. Clin Exp Immunol 2014; 177:630-40. [PMID: 24773026 PMCID: PMC4137847 DOI: 10.1111/cei.12367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of biological agents combined with methotrexate (MTX) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients has strongly improved disease outcome. In this study, the effects of abatacept on the size and function of circulating B and T cells in RA patients not responding to anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α have been analysed, with the aim of identifying immunological parameters helpful to choosing suitable tailored therapies. We analysed the frequency of peripheral B and T cell subsets, B cell function and T regulatory cell (Treg ) inhibitory function in 20 moderate/severe RA patients, according to the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR)/American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria, primary non-responders to one TNF-α blocking agent, who received abatacept + MTX. Patients were studied before and 6 months after therapy. We found that abatacept therapy significantly reduced disease activity score on 44 joints (DAS)/erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) values without causing severe side effects. The size of the circulating B and T cell compartments in RA patients was not significantly different from healthy donors, but B cell proliferation and plasma cell differentiation was impaired before therapy and restored by abatacept. While Treg cell frequency was normal, its inhibitory function was absent before therapy and was partially recovered 6 months after abatacept. B and Treg cell function is impaired in RA patients not responding to the first anti-TNF-α agent. Abatacept therapy was able to rescue immune function and led to an effective and safe clinical outcome, suggesting that RA patients, in whom anti-TNF-α failed, are immunologically prone to benefit from an agent targeting a different pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Picchianti Diamanti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, S. Andrea University Hospital, School of Medicine and Psychology, 'Sapienza' University, Rome, Italy
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26
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Lin W, Jin L, Chen H, Wu Q, Fei Y, Zheng W, Wang Q, Li P, Li Y, Zhang W, Zhao Y, Zeng X, Zhang F. B cell subsets and dysfunction of regulatory B cells in IgG4-related diseases and primary Sjögren's syndrome: the similarities and differences. Arthritis Res Ther 2014; 16:R118. [PMID: 24887143 PMCID: PMC4075418 DOI: 10.1186/ar4571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a multisystem-involved autoimmune disease. Abnormally activated and differentiated B cells may play important roles. Regulatory B cells (Breg) are newly defined B cell subgroups with immunosuppressive functions. In this study, we investigated the differences of B cell subsets, the expressions of co-stimulatory molecules on B cells, and the function of Breg cells in patients with IgG4-RD, primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) as well as in healthy controls (HC). Methods Newly diagnosed IgG4-RD patients (n = 48) were enrolled, 38 untreated pSS patients and 30 healthy volunteers were recruited as disease and healthy controls. To analyze B cell subsets and B cell activity, PBMCs were surface stained and detected by flow cytometry. The function of Breg cells was tested by coculturing isolated CD19 + CD24hiCD38hi Breg cells with purified CD4 + CD25- T cells. Serum cytokines were measured by ELISA and cytometric bead array. Relationship between clinical data and laboratory findings were analyzed as well. Results Compared with pSS patients and HC, IgG4-RD patients had a lower frequency of peripheral Breg cells. Interestingly, CD19 + CD24-CD38hi B cell subsets were significantly higher in peripheral B cells from IgG4-RD patients than in pSS patients and HC, which correlated with serum IgG4 levels. The expression of BAFF-R and CD40 on B cells was significantly lower in IgG4-RD patients compared with those in pSS patients and HC. Unlike HC, Breg cells from pSS patients lacked suppressive functions. Conclusions B cells in patients with IgG4-RD and pSS display a variety of abnormalities, including disturbed B cell subpopulations, abnormal expression of key signaling molecules, co-stimulatory molecules, and inflammatory cytokines. In addition, a significantly increased B cell subset, CD19 + CD24-CD38hi B cells, may play an important role in the pathogenesis of IgG4-RD.
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Liu Y, Liu A, Iikuni N, Xu H, Shi FD, La Cava A. Regulatory CD4+ T Cells Promote B Cell Anergy in Murine Lupus. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:4069-73. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Jain S, Chodisetti SB, Agrewala JN. Combinatorial signaling through TLR-2 and CD86 augments activation and differentiation of resting B cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54392. [PMID: 23365665 PMCID: PMC3554778 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
B cells are an integral component in mounting humoral immune responses and they are also crucial in programming T cell mediated immunity. Usually, B cell activation is initiated by recognition of antigen through B cell receptor (BCR), followed by its processing and presentation to T cells. But very little is known about BCR independent activation of B cells. Now, there is an increasing body of evidence indicating the combinatorial effect of innate and adaptive immune components in modulating the functions of B cells. In this study, we demonstrate the activation of resting B cells (RB) by simultaneous involvement of Toll like Receptor-2 (TLR-2) and costimulatory molecule, CD86. Interestingly, these B cells exhibited significant level of activation and proliferation. Furthermore, this process of activation leads to the differentiation of RB cells, preferably into marginal zone precursors (CD19(+)IgD(hi)IgM(hi)CD21/35(hi)CD23(hi)) in a shorter time window and showed increased secretion of IgG isotype. These RB cells also showed enhanced antigen uptake capacity. These observations were also substantiated by microarray gene expression results, which strengthen the notion that combinatorial signaling through innate and adaptive immune components enhances B cell mediated immune response. Thus, the present study elucidates a novel BCR independent B cell activation mechanism that links TLR-2 and CD86. Hence signaling of TLRs in conjunction with costimulatory molecules will substantially help in bolstering humoral immune response, which can be extrapolated to formulate vaccination strategies for diseases involving B cell-mediated immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Jain
- Immunology Laboratory, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sathi Babu Chodisetti
- Immunology Laboratory, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
| | - Javed N. Agrewala
- Immunology Laboratory, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India
- * E-mail:
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Cutolo M, Nadler SG. Advances in CTLA-4-Ig-mediated modulation of inflammatory cell and immune response activation in rheumatoid arthritis. Autoimmun Rev 2013; 12:758-67. [PMID: 23340277 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2013.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a multifactorial and polygenic immune-mediated disease, the pathogenesis of which involves different cell types. T and B lymphocytes, macrophages, endothelial cells, fibroblasts and osteoclasts have all been implicated in mediating the production of autoantibodies, proinflammatory cytokines and ultimately bone erosions. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 immunoglobulin fusion protein (CTLA-4-Ig, abatacept) is a unique biologic agent targeting the co-stimulatory molecules CD80/CD86, and is indicated for the treatment of moderate-to-severe RA in patients who have had an inadequate response to one or more disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, including methotrexate or anti-tumor necrosis factor agents. There is a growing body of evidence that, through selective modulation of the CD80/CD86 co-stimulatory molecules expressed by a variety of activated cell types, CTLA-4-Ig may inhibit the pathogenic RA process at several levels, both directly and indirectly. Here, we provide an overview of recent mechanistic studies of the action of CTLA-4-Ig on different cell types involved in mediating inflammation and joint damage in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Cutolo
- Research Laboratory and Academic Unit of Clinical Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV, 6, 16132 Genova, Italy.
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Lucas CR, Cordero-Nieves HM, Erbe RS, McAlees JW, Bhatia S, Hodes RJ, Campbell KS, Sanders VM. Prohibitins and the cytoplasmic domain of CD86 cooperate to mediate CD86 signaling in B lymphocytes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 190:723-36. [PMID: 23241883 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1201646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
CD86 engagement on a CD40L/IL-4-primed murine B cell activates signaling intermediates that promote NF-κB activation to increase Oct-2 and mature IgG1 mRNA and protein expression, as well as the rate of IgG1 transcription, without affecting class switch recombination. One of the most proximal signaling intermediates identified is phospholipase Cγ2, a protein reported to bind tyrosine residues, which are absent in the cytoplasmic domain of CD86. Using a proteomics-based identification approach, we show that the tyrosine-containing transmembrane adaptor proteins prohibitin (Phb)1 and Phb2 bind to CD86. The basal expression of Phb1/2 and association with CD86 was low in resting B cells, whereas the level of expression and association increased primarily after priming with CD40. The CD86-induced increase in Oct-2 and IgG1 was less when either Phb1/2 expression was reduced by short hairpin RNA or the cytoplasmic domain of CD86 was truncated or mutated at serine/threonine protein kinase C phosphorylation sites, which did not affect Phb1/2 binding to CD86. Using this approach, we also show that Phb1/2 and the CD86 cytoplasmic domain are required for the CD86-induced phosphorylation of IκBα, which we previously reported leads to NF-κB p50/p65 activation, whereas only Phb1/2 was required for the CD86-induced phosphorylation of phospholipase Cγ2 and protein kinase Cα/β(II), which we have previously reported leads to NF-κB (p65) phosphorylation and subsequent nuclear translocation. Taken together, these findings suggest that Phb1/2 and the CD86 cytoplasmic domain cooperate to mediate CD86 signaling in a B cell through differential phosphorylation of distal signaling intermediates required to increase IgG1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Lucas
- Integrated Biomedical Science Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Brake DK, Pérez de León AA. Immunoregulation of bovine macrophages by factors in the salivary glands of Rhipicephalus microplus. Parasit Vectors 2012; 5:38. [PMID: 22333193 PMCID: PMC3320552 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-5-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alternative strategies are required to control the southern cattle tick, Rhipicephalus microplus, due to evolving resistance to commercially available acaricides. This invasive ectoparasite is a vector of economically important diseases of cattle such as bovine babesiosis and anaplasmosis. An understanding of the biological intricacies underlying vector-host-pathogen interactions is required to innovate sustainable tick management strategies that can ultimately mitigate the impact of animal and zoonotic tick-borne diseases. Tick saliva contains molecules evolved to impair host innate and adaptive immune responses, which facilitates blood feeding and pathogen transmission. Antigen presenting cells are central to the development of robust T cell responses including Th1 and Th2 determination. In this study we examined changes in co-stimulatory molecule expression and cytokine response of bovine macrophages exposed to salivary gland extracts (SGE) obtained from 2-3 day fed, pathogen-free adult R. microplus. Methods Peripheral blood-derived macrophages were treated for 1 hr with 1, 5, or 10 μg/mL of SGE followed by 1, 6, 24 hr of 1 μg/mL of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Real-time PCR and cytokine ELISA were used to measure changes in co-stimulatory molecule expression and cytokine response. Results Changes were observed in co-stimulatory molecule expression of bovine macrophages in response to R. microplus SGE exposure. After 6 hrs, CD86, but not CD80, was preferentially up-regulated on bovine macrophages when treated with 1 μg/ml SGE and then LPS, but not SGE alone. At 24 hrs CD80, CD86, and CD69 expression was increased with LPS, but was inhibited by the addition of SGE. SGE also inhibited LPS induced upregulation of TNFα, IFNγ and IL-12 cytokines, but did not alter IL-4 or CD40 mRNA expression. Conclusions Molecules from the salivary glands of adult R. microplus showed bimodal concentration-, and time-dependent effects on differential up-regulation of CD86 in bovine macrophages activated by the TLR4-ligand, LPS. Up regulation of proinflammatory cytokines and IL-12, a Th1 promoting cytokine, were inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. The co-stimulatory molecules CD80, as well as the cell activation marker, CD69, were also suppressed in macrophages exposed to SGE. Continued investigation of the immunomodulatory factors will provide the knowledge base to research and develop therapeutic or prophylactic interventions targeting R. microplus-cattle interactions at the blood-feeding interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danett K Brake
- USDA-ARS Knipling, Livestock Insects Research Laboratory, Kerrville, TX 78028, USA.
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Godava M, Kopriva F, Bohmova J, Vodicka R, Dusek L, Cvanova M, Muzik J, Markova M, Schneiderova E, Vrtel R. Association of STAT6 and ADAM33 single nucleotide polymorphisms with asthma bronchiale and IgE level and its possible epigenetic background. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2012; 156:236-47. [PMID: 22660217 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2012.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2010] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ADAM33 and STAT6 belong to the candidate genes that have been commonly associated with asthma, bronchial hyperresponsiveness or IgE levels. Our objective was to assess the association of 11 SNPs of the ADAM33 and 6 of the STAT6 and their haplotypes with IgE levels and asthma. We also evaluated the possible role of parental origin of haplotypes on IgE levels. METHODS We enrolled 109 children with asthma and 45 healthy controls. Genotyping was performed by TaqMan probes and confirmed by sequencing. Haplotype construction was based on the knowledge of parental genotypes and also inferred by using the EM algorithm and Bayes' theorem. RESULTS None of the SNPs were associated with elevated IgE level or asthma. We found that the most frequent STAT6 haplotype ATTCAA (built from rs324012, rs324011, rs841718, rs3024974, rs3024974, rs4559 SNPs, respectively) was associated with elevated total IgE levels (P=0.01) and this haplotype was predominantly transmitted paternally (P<0.001). We compared our results with those of studies performed on German and Australian Caucasian populations and found that rs324011, rs3024974 and rs4559 SNPs in STAT6 should have a major effect on IgE levels. Therefore, we suggest the TCA haplotype alone (built from rs324011, rs3024974 and rs4559 SNPs, respectively) in STAT6 is associated with total IgE elevation. CONCLUSIONS The influence of paternal origin of the STAT6 haplotype on IgE levels is surprising but the exact role of possible paternal imprinting in STAT6 regulation should be investigated and confirmed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Godava
- Department of Medical Genetics and Fetal Medicine, University Hospital Olomouc and Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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Jin LP, Fan DX, Zhang T, Guo PF, Li DJ. The costimulatory signal upregulation is associated with Th1 bias at the maternal-fetal interface in human miscarriage. Am J Reprod Immunol 2011; 66:270-8. [PMID: 21481059 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2011.00997.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM To evaluate whether the association of the costimulatory signal regulation with T helper 1/T helper 2 (Th1/Th2) bias at maternal-fetal interface in human pregnancy loss. METHOD OF STUDY The expression of CD80 and CD86 in decidual tissues and CD28 and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) in the decidual T cells was compared between normal early pregnancy and miscarriage by qPCR and Western blot. The cytokine production in decidual T cells was performed by flow cytometry. The correlation of costimulatory molecule expression with Th1/Th2 cytokines was analyzed. RESULTS The CD80 mRNA and protein expression showed no significant difference between normal pregnancy and miscarriage. An increase in the expression of CD28 and CD86 was accompanied by a decrease in the expression of CTLA-4 in miscarriage in comparison with the early pregnancy. The higher expression of interleukin (IL)-2 and interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and lower expression of IL-4 and IL-10 in the decidual T cells were present in miscarriage. A correlation analysis showed a significant positive correlation of CD86 and CD28 expression with the Th1 cytokine production (IL-2 and IFN-γ), a significant negative correlation of CTLA-4 expression with the Th1 cytokine production. CONCLUSION The upregualtion of costimulatory signals on T cells might form an abnormal immune microenvironment, a shift to Th1 responses, at maternal-fetal interface, which leads to human miscarriage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ping Jin
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, China
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Salek-Ardakani S, Choi YS, Rafii-El-Idrissi Benhnia M, Flynn R, Arens R, Shoenberger S, Crotty S, Croft M, Salek-Ardakani S. B cell-specific expression of B7-2 is required for follicular Th cell function in response to vaccinia virus. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 186:5294-303. [PMID: 21441451 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1100406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Follicular Th (T(FH)) cells are specialized in provision of help to B cells that is essential for promoting protective Ab responses. CD28/B7 (B7-1 and B7-2) interactions are required for germinal center (GC) formation, but it is not clear if they simply support activation of naive CD4 T cells during initiation of responses by dendritic cells or if they directly control T(FH) cells and/or directly influence follicular B cell differentiation. Using a model of vaccinia virus infection, we show that B7-2 but not B7-1 deficiency profoundly impaired T(FH) cell development but did not affect CD4 T cell priming and Th1 differentiation. Consistent with this, B7-2 but not B7-1 was required for acquisition of GC B cell phenotype, plasma cell generation, and virus-specific neutralizing Ab responses. Mixed adoptive transfer experiments indicated that bidirectional interactions between CD28 expressed on activated T cells and B7-2 expressed on follicular B cells were essential for maintenance of the T(FH) phenotype and GC B cell development. Our data provide new insight into the source and nature of molecules required for T(FH) cells to direct GC B cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Salek-Ardakani
- Division of Immune Regulation, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
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Jin LP, Fan DX, Li DJ. Regulation of costimulatory signal in maternal-fetal immune tolerance. Am J Reprod Immunol 2011; 66:76-83. [PMID: 21276120 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2010.00982.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A pregnancy is associated with modifications in the immune status of the mother, but the mechanisms are not well understood. Several observations have indicated that CD28/CTLA-4 and B7-1/B7-2 are involved in the maternal-fetal immune regulation. This review aims to recapitulate our current knowledge concerning the role of CD28/CTLA-4 and B7-1/B7-2 in maternal-fetal immune regulation. Several studies suggest that up-regulation of B7-2 and/or CD28 and/or down-regulation of CTLA-4 are correlated with the occurrence of pregnancy loss. Therefore, an accurate expression of costimulatory molecules at the maternal-fetal interface may ensure that the decidual cells do not elicit a 'danger' signal to the maternal immune system, perhaps instead contributing to the establishment of immune tolerance in vivo. It is showed that costimulation blockade with anti-B7 mAbs results in altered allogeneic T-cell response and overcomes increased maternal rejection to the fetus, which improves fetus growth in the abortion-prone system. These findings suggest that the anti-B7-treated T cells not only function as potent suppresser cells but also exert immunoregulatory effect on the maternal T cells. This procedure might be potentially useful to immunotherapy for human recurrent spontaneous abortion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ping Jin
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital and Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
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36
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Gujer C, Sandgren KJ, Douagi I, Adams WC, Sundling C, Smed-Sörensen A, Seder RA, Karlsson Hedestam GB, Loré K. IFN-α produced by human plasmacytoid dendritic cells enhances T cell-dependent naïve B cell differentiation. J Leukoc Biol 2011; 89:811-21. [PMID: 21233412 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.0810460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The development and quality of a humoral immune response are largely influenced by the environment that supports the activation of naïve B cells. Human PDCs, through their unique capacity to produce high levels of IFN-α, have been shown earlier to enhance B cell responses stimulated by selected TLR ligands. In this study, we investigated whether PDCs also promote B cell activation induced by Th cell interactions and BCR ligation. Sorted human naive CD19(+) CD27(-) B cells were activated in vitro with anti-Ig and irradiated CD4(+) T cells. Under these conditions, the presence of supernatants from TLR-stimulated PDCs increased B cell proliferation, the frequency of B cells that differentiated to CD27(high) CD38(high) cells, and secretion of IgM. Similar results were observed when the B cells were activated in the presence of purified IFN-α. In contrast, supernatants from stimulated MDCs did not augment these functions. Also, IFN-α treatment of B cells up-regulated the expression of costimulatory molecule CD86 but not CD40, CD80, MHC class II, or CD25. Although direct IFN-α exposure of T cells suppressed their proliferative capacity, IFN-α treatment of B cells led to a small increase in their capacity to induce superantigen-driven activation of autologous CD4(+) T cells. In summary, PDCs, via their production of IFN-α, may render B cells more responsive to T cell contact, which in turn, facilitates B cell proliferation and differentiation to antibody-producing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Gujer
- Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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37
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Kosaka S, Tamauchi H, Terashima M, Maruyama H, Habu S, Kitasato H. IL-10 controls Th2-type cytokine production and eosinophil infiltration in a mouse model of allergic airway inflammation. Immunobiology 2010; 216:811-20. [PMID: 21257225 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2010.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2010] [Revised: 12/11/2010] [Accepted: 12/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-10 was originally described as a factor that inhibits cytokine production by murine Th1 clones. Recent studies have since shown that IL-10 can also downregulate Th2 clones and their production of IL-4 and IL-5. Because of its immuno-suppressive properties, IL-10 has been suggested as a potential therapy for allergic inflammation and asthma. However, the pathophysiological role of IL-10 in vivo has not been clearly elucidated. We investigated the effects of IL-10 administration on the production of IgE, cytokine and allergen-induced Th2 cytokine production as well as its effects on eosinophilic inflammation. We established GATA-3/TCR double transgenic (GATA-3/TCR-Tg) mice by crossing GATA-3 transgenic mice with ovalbumin (OVA)-specific TCR transgenic mice; these mice were then sensitized using an intraperitoneal injection of OVA adsorbed to alum and challenged with the intratracheal instillation of an allergen. When GATA-3/TCR-Tg mice sensitized with OVA and alum were injected with C57-IL-10 cells before OVA inhalation, the levels of IL-5, IL-13, and IL-4 decreased by 40-85% and number of eosinophils decreased by 70% (P<0.03) in the murine bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). These results suggest that IL-10 plays an important role downstream of the inflammatory cascade in the Th2 response to antigens and in the development of BALF eosinophilia and cytokine production in a murine model of asthma. These immunosuppressive properties in animal models indicate that IL-10 could be a potential clinical therapy for the treatment of allergic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichiro Kosaka
- Department of Microbiology, Kitasato University Allied Health Science, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
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38
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Brake DK, Wikel SK, Tidwell JP, Pérez de León AA. Rhipicephalus microplus salivary gland molecules induce differential CD86 expression in murine macrophages. Parasit Vectors 2010; 3:103. [PMID: 21054882 PMCID: PMC2993695 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-3-103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2010] [Accepted: 11/05/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tick parasitism is a major impediment for cattle production in many parts of the world. The southern cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, is an obligate hematophagous parasite of domestic and wild animals that serves as vector of infectious agents lethal to cattle. Tick saliva contains molecules evolved to modulate host innate and adaptive immune responses which facilitates blood feeding and pathogen transmission. Tick feeding promotes CD4 T cell polarization to a Th2 profile usually accompanied by down-regulation of Th1 cytokines through as yet undefined mechanisms. Co-stimulatory molecules on antigen presenting cells are central to development of T cell responses including Th1 and Th2 responses. Tick induced changes to antigen presenting cell signal transduction pathways are largely unknown. Here we document the ability of R. microplus salivary gland extracts (SGE) to effect differential CD86 expression. Results We examined changes in co-stimulatory molecule expression in murine RAW 264.7 cells in response to R. microplus SGE exposure in the presence of the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) ligand, LPS. After 24 hrs, CD86, but not CD80, was preferentially up-regulated on mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells when treated with SGE and then LPS, but not SGE alone. CD80 and CD40 expression was increased with LPS, but the addition of SGE did not alter expression. Higher concentrations of SGE were less effective at increasing CD86 RNA expression. The addition of mitogen or extracellular kinase (MEK) inhibitor, PD98059, significantly reduced the ability for SGE to induce CD86 expression, indicating activation of MEK is necessary for SGE induced up-regulation. Conclusions Molecules in SGE of R. microplus have a concentration-dependent effect on differential up-regulation of CD86 in a macrophage cell line activated by the TLR4 ligand, LPS. This CD86 up-regulation is at least partially dependent on the ERK1/2 pathway and may serve to promote Th2 polarization of the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danett K Brake
- USDA-ARS Knipling-Bushland U,S, Livestock Insects Research Laboratory, 2700 Fredericksberg Rd, Kerrville, TX 78028, USA.
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Kou PM, Babensee JE. Validation of a high-throughput methodology to assess the effects of biomaterials on dendritic cell phenotype. Acta Biomater 2010; 6:2621-30. [PMID: 20097314 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2010.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2009] [Revised: 01/04/2010] [Accepted: 01/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A variety of combination products composed of biomaterials and biologics have been developed for tissue regeneration or vaccine delivery. The host immune response to the immunogenic biological components in such products may be modulated by the biomaterial component. Distinct biomaterials have been shown to differentially affect the maturation of dendritic cells (DCs). DCs are professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that bridge innate and adaptive immunity and play a central role in inducing immunity or initiating immune tolerance. However, the biomaterials systems used to study DC response thus far have been insufficient to draw a clear conclusion as to which biomaterial properties are the key to controlling DC phenotype. In this study, we developed a 96-well filter plate-based high-throughput (HTP) methodology to assess DC maturation upon biomaterial treatment. Equivalent biomaterial effects on DC phenotype were measured using the conventional flow cytometric and filter-plate method, which validated the HTP methodology. This methodology will be used to screen a large number of biomaterials simultaneously and to draw correlations between material properties and DC phenotype, thereby providing biomaterial design criteria and immunomodulatory strategies for both tissue engineering and vaccine delivery applications.
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Rau FC, Dieter J, Luo Z, Priest SO, Baumgarth N. B7-1/2 (CD80/CD86) direct signaling to B cells enhances IgG secretion. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 183:7661-71. [PMID: 19933871 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0803783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
B cell responses are regulated by Ag recognition, costimulatory signals provided by interaction with helper T cells, and by innate signals. We recently provided evidence for a link between the effects of innate and costimulatory signals on B cells during influenza virus infection, by demonstrating that most B cells in the regional lymph nodes of the respiratory tract enhance surface expression of the costimulator B7-2 (CD86) within 24-48 h following infection via a type I IFNR-dependent mechanisms, a finding we are confirming here. While the role of B7-1/2 for helper T cell activation is well documented, its role in direct B cell regulation is poorly understood. Here, our in vivo studies with mixed bone marrow irradiation chimeric mice, lacking B7-1/2 only on B cells, demonstrated that B7-1/2 expression is crucial for induction of maximal local, but to a lesser extent systemic, IgG Ab responses following influenza virus infection. In contrast to mice that completely lack B7-1/2 expression, loss of B7-1/2 on B cells alone did not significantly affect germinal center formation or the extent of CD4(+) T cell activation and IFN-gamma secretion. Instead, our in vitro studies identify a dramatic effect of B7-2 engagement on IgG, but not IgM secretion by already class-switched B cells. Concomitantly, B7-2 engagement induced expression of X-box binding protein 1 (XBP-1) and spliced XBP1, evidence for increased protein synthesis by these cells. Taken together, these results identify direct signaling through B7-1/2 as a potent regulator of IgG secretion by previously activated B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike C Rau
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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41
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Bhatia S, Sun K, Almo SC, Nathenson SG, Hodes RJ. Dynamic equilibrium of B7-1 dimers and monomers differentially affects immunological synapse formation and T cell activation in response to TCR/CD28 stimulation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 184:1821-8. [PMID: 20065109 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0902869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Under steady-state conditions, B7-1 is present as a mixed population of noncovalent dimers and monomers on the cell surface. In this study, we examined the physiological significance of this unique dimer-monomer equilibrium state of B7-1. We demonstrate that altering B7-1 to create a uniformly covalent dimeric state results in enhanced CD28-mediated formation of T cell-APC conjugates. The enhanced T cell-APC conjugate formation correlates with persistent concentration of signaling molecules PKC- and lck at the immunological synapse. In contrast, T cell acquisition of B7-1 from APCs, an event that occurs as a consequence of CD28 engagement with B7-1/B7-2 and is thought to play a role in the dissociation of T cell-APC conjugates, is highly reduced when B7-1 is present in the covalently dimeric state. The ability of covalently dimeric and wild type B7-1 to costimulate Ag-specific T cell proliferation was also assessed. In contrast to the enhanced ability of dimeric B7-1 to support conjugate formation and early parameters of T cell signaling, sensitivity to competitive inhibition by soluble CTLA-4-Ig indicated that the covalent dimeric form of B7-1 is less efficient in costimulating T cell proliferation. These findings suggest a novel model in which optimal T cell costimulatory function of B7-1 requires high-avidity CD28 engagement by dimeric B7-1, followed by dissociation of these noncovalent B7-1 dimers, facilitating downregulation of CD28 and internalization of B7-1. These events regulate signaling through TCR/CD28 to maximize T cell activation to proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeena Bhatia
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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42
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Hock BD, Starling GC, Patton WN, Salm N, Bond K, McArthur LT, McKenzie JL. Identification of a Circulating Soluble Form of CD80: Levels in Patients with Hematological Malignancies. Leuk Lymphoma 2009; 45:2111-8. [PMID: 15370258 DOI: 10.1080/10428190410001712199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The release of soluble forms of CD80 provides a potentially powerful mechanism for the modulation of anti-tumor responses. In this report we investigated whether a soluble form of CD80 (sCD80) circulates in vivo and whether levels are altered in patients with hematological malignancies. Circulating sCD80 was detected by ELISA in all normal donor (0.024-0.318 ng/ml) and patient (0.02-3.75 ng/ml) blood analyzed. The majority of acute myeloid leukemia (13/17) and multiple myeloma (11/12) patients had normal sCD80 levels. Significantly elevated levels were detected in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL, P = 0.0001) and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL, P = 0.0002) patients. MCL patients had the highest levels with 8/9 having levels > 0.318 ng/ml. Increased sCD80 levels in CLL were significantly associated with poor prognosis markers such as low platelet (P = 0.01) and hemoglobin (P = 0.002) levels, elevated WBC counts (P = 0.03) and expression of CD38 (P = 0.048). The immunoreactivity of the sCD80 in both normal and patient plasma was inhibited by the presence of CTLA-4-Ig, suggesting sCD80 is functional. Comparison of sCD80 and soluble CD86 levels demonstrated that these molecules were independently elevated in 39% of patients. The finding that a proportion of CLL and the majority of MCL patients contain elevated levels of sCD80 and the demonstration that sCD80 can interact with CTLA-4-Ig suggests a potential role for sCD80 in modulating anti-tumor responses during the malignant process.
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MESH Headings
- Abatacept
- Antigens, CD/blood
- Antigens, Differentiation/metabolism
- B7-1 Antigen/blood
- B7-1 Antigen/metabolism
- B7-2 Antigen
- CTLA-4 Antigen
- Case-Control Studies
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Hematologic Neoplasms/blood
- Hematologic Neoplasms/immunology
- Humans
- Immunoconjugates/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/blood
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/immunology
- Leukemia, Myeloid/blood
- Leukemia, Myeloid/immunology
- Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/blood
- Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell/immunology
- Membrane Glycoproteins/blood
- Multiple Myeloma/blood
- Multiple Myeloma/immunology
- Solubility
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Affiliation(s)
- B D Hock
- Haematology Research Group, Christchurch Hospital, New Zealand.
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43
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Kim YS, Park GB, Lee HK, Song H, Choi IH, Lee WJ, Hur DY. Cross-linking of B7-H1 on EBV-transformed B cells induces apoptosis through reactive oxygen species production, JNK signaling activation, and fasL expression. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 181:6158-69. [PMID: 18941206 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.9.6158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
B7-H1 is a newly identified member of the B7 family with important regulatory functions in cell-mediated immune responses, and it is expressed in human immune cells and several tumors. We first observed that expression of surface B7-H1 on B cells was increased during the immortalization process by EBV, which is strongly related to both inflammation and tumorigenesis. Cross-linking of B7-H1 on EBV-transformed B cells using anti-B7-H1 Ab (clone 130002) induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, mitochondrial disruption, release of apoptotic proteins from mitochondria, and subsequent apoptosis. Inhibition of caspases and ROS generation recovered B7-H1-mediated apoptosis and proteolytic activities of caspase-8, -9, and -3. We observed that B7-H1 stimulation induced both transcription and translation of fasL. ZB4, an antagonistic anti-fas Ab, and NOK-1, an antagonistic anti-fasL Ab, effectively blocked apoptosis without exerting any influence on ROS generation. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) completely blocked the induction of fasL mRNA and protein. We found that B7-H1 stimulation activated the phosphorylation of JNK and c-jun and down-regulated ERK1/2 and p-Akt. NAC blocked the activation of JNK and down-regulation of ERK, but both z-VAD-fmk (N-benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethylketone) and ZB4 did not inhibit JNK activation of B7-H1 stimulation. SP600125 blocked fasL induction and apoptosis but did not affect ROS generation after B7-H1 stimulation. Taken together, we concluded that B7-H1-mediated apoptosis on EBV-transformed B cells may be involved in the induction of fasL, which is evoked by ROS generation and JNK activation after cross-linking of B7-H1. These results provide a new concept for understanding reverse signaling through B7-H1 and another mechanism of tumor immunotherapy using anti-B7-H1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeong Seok Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Research Center for Tumor Immunology, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
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44
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Kapsogeorgou EK, Moutsopoulos HM, Manoussakis MN. A Novel B7-2 (CD86) Splice Variant with a Putative Negative Regulatory Role. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 180:3815-23. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.6.3815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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45
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Kin NW, Sanders VM. CD86 regulates IgG1 production via a CD19-dependent mechanism. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 179:1516-23. [PMID: 17641017 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.3.1516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CD86 signals directly in a B cell to activate PI3K and increase the rate of IgG(1) production, without affecting germline transcription. However, the mechanism by which CD86 activates PI3K in a B cell and the relevance of CD86 stimulation in vivo remains unknown. We show that the addition of CD28/Ig to CD40 ligand/IL-4-activated wild-type, but not CD86- or CD19-deficient, B cells increased the level of phosphorylation for Lyn and CD19, as well as the amount of Lyn, Vav, and PI3K that immunoprecipitated with CD19. Adoptive transfer of CD86-deficient B cells and wild-type CD4(+) T cells into RAG2-deficient mice and immunization with trinitrophenylated keyhole limpet hemocyanin resulted in an IL-4 and germline IgG(1) response equivalent to control mice, but a decrease in serum IgG(1). Thus, our findings suggest that CD86 plays a key role in regulating the level of IgG(1) produced in vitro and in vivo, and that Lyn and CD19 may be the signaling intermediates activated by CD86 proximal to PI3K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas W Kin
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
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Kin NW, Sanders VM. CD86 stimulation on a B cell activates the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt and phospholipase C gamma 2/protein kinase C alpha beta signaling pathways. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2006; 176:6727-35. [PMID: 16709832 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.176.11.6727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Stimulation of CD86 on a CD40L/IL-4-activated murine B cell increases the rate of mature IgG1 transcription by increasing the level of NF-kappaB activation, as well as Oct-2 expression and binding to the 3'-IgH enhancer. The signal transduction pathway activated by CD86 proximal to NF-kappaB activation is unknown. In this study, we show that CD86 stimulation on an activated B cell increases the activity of PI3K and the phosphorylation of phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1, Akt, and IkappaB kinase alphabeta. In addition, CD86 stimulation induces an increase in the phosphorylation of phospholipase Cgamma2 and protein kinase C alphabeta. CD86-mediated activation of these two signaling pathways leads to increased Oct-2 expression, increased gene activity mediated by NF-kappaB and 3'-IgH enhancer increased activity. These results identify a previously unknown signaling pathway induced by CD86 to regulate the level of B cell gene expression and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas W Kin
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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47
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Bhatia S, Edidin M, Almo SC, Nathenson SG. B7-1 and B7-2: Similar costimulatory ligands with different biochemical, oligomeric and signaling properties. Immunol Lett 2006; 104:70-5. [PMID: 16413062 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2005.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2005] [Revised: 11/11/2005] [Accepted: 11/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
B7-1 and B7-2 are homologous costimulatory ligands expressed on the surface of antigen presenting cells (APCs). Binding of these molecules to the T cell costimulatory receptors, CD28 and CTLA-4, is essential for the activation and regulation of T cell immunity. Despite strong structural similarities, B7-1 and B7-2 exhibit different biochemical features, and their binding to the costimulatory receptors results in distinct T cell functional outcomes. Using photobleaching based fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), our previous studies have demonstrated that B7-1 and B7-2 have different cell surface oligomeric states. While B7-1 is present as a dimer, B7-2 exists as a monomer on the cell surface suggesting that the unique cell surface oligomeric states of the costimulatory ligands may play a key role in the regulation of T cell responses. Moreover, signaling via B7-1 and B7-2 in dendritic cells has been reported to be dependent on their simultaneous expression, raising the possibility that their direct interaction or their involvement in synergistic signaling pathways may play a role in the function of antigen presenting cells. We discuss physiological relevance of distinct oligomeric states of B7-1 and B7-2 and address whether these molecules can associate with one another on the cell surface to form hetero-oligomers. Our findings suggest that B7-1 and B7-2 do not form hetero-oligomers, underscoring the biological relevance of dimeric and monomeric state of B7-1 and B7-2, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeena Bhatia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Ave, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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48
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Knutsen AP. Genetic and respiratory tract risk factors for aspergillosis: ABPA and asthma with fungal sensitization. Med Mycol 2006; 44:S61-S70. [PMID: 30408936 DOI: 10.1080/13693780600789178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is a Th2 allergic hypersensitivity lung disease due to bronchial colonization of Aspergillus fumigatus that affects 1-2% of asthmatic and 7-9% of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. We hypothesize that genetic risk factors predispose these patients to develop ABPA. We previously reported HLA-DR2 and DR5 restriction as a risk factor for the development of ABPA. We further propose that HLA-DR restriction is necessary but not sufficient for the development of ABPA. Recently, we reported that IL-4Rα single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and in particular the ile75val SNP in the IL-4 binding region is another risk factor and is associated with increased sensitivity to IL-4 stimulation. It has been reported that the combination of IL-4Rα and IL-13 SNP, ile75val/arg110gln, is associated with more severe asthma. In preliminary studies, we have observed increased frequency of this combination in ABPA asthmatic and CF patients. Another genetic risk factor reported by Brouard et al. is the -1082 GG genotype in the IL-10 promoter in CF patients for the colonization of A. fumigatus and development of ABPA. This genotype was associated with increased plasma IL-10 levels, and perhaps may be associated with increased skewing of Th2 Aspergillus responses rather than down-regulation of inflammatory responses. We hypothesize that increased sensitivity of IL-4 mediated activities secondary to polymorphisms IL-4R in conjunction of other polymorphisms such as IL-13 and IL-10 in conjunction with HLA-DR2/DR5 restriction to Aspergillus antigens in ABPA patients result in increased B-cell activity, monocyte/dendritic cell phenotype that skews Th2 responses, and skewing of Aspergillus-specific Th2 cells. This model system may be applicable to other fungi such as Alternaria and Cladosporium which is associated with increased asthma severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan P Knutsen
- St. Louis University Health Sciences Center, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Cheuk ATC, Chan L, Czepulkowski B, Berger SA, Yagita H, Okumura K, Farzaneh F, Mufti GJ, Guinn BA. Development of a whole cell vaccine for acute myeloid leukaemia. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2006; 55:68-75. [PMID: 15891884 PMCID: PMC11030895 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-005-0674-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2004] [Accepted: 01/06/2005] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
We describe the modification of tumour cells to enhance their capacity to act as antigen presenting cells with particular focus on the use of costimulatory molecules to do so. We have been involved in the genetic modification of tumour cells to prepare a whole cell vaccine for nearly a decade and we have a particular interest in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). AML is an aggressive and difficult to treat disease, especially, for patients for whom haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplant is not an option. AML patients who have a suitable donor and meet HSC transplant fitness requirements, have a 5-year survival of 50%; however, for patients with no suitable donor or for who age is a factor, the prognosis is much worse. It is particularly poor prognosis patients, who are not eligible for HSC transplant, who are likely to benefit most from immunotherapy. It would be hoped that immunotherapy would be used to clear residual tumour cells in these patients in the first remission following standard chemotherapy treatments and this will extend the remission and reduce the risk of a second relapse associated with disease progression and poor mortality rates. In this symposia report, we will focus on whole cell vaccines as an immunotherapeutic option with particular reference to their use in the treatment of AML. We will aim to provide a brief overview of the latest data from our group and considerations for the use of this treatment modality in clinical trials for AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam T. C. Cheuk
- Department of Haematological Medicine, Guy’s, King’s & St. Thomas’ School of Medicine, The Rayne Institute, King’s College London, 123 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU UK
| | - Lucas Chan
- Department of Haematological Medicine, Guy’s, King’s & St. Thomas’ School of Medicine, The Rayne Institute, King’s College London, 123 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU UK
| | - Barbara Czepulkowski
- Department of Haematological Medicine, Guy’s, King’s & St. Thomas’ School of Medicine, The Rayne Institute, King’s College London, 123 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU UK
| | - Stuart A. Berger
- Arthritis and Immune Disorder Research Centre, University Health Network and the Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Hideo Yagita
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ko Okumura
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Farzin Farzaneh
- Department of Haematological Medicine, Guy’s, King’s & St. Thomas’ School of Medicine, The Rayne Institute, King’s College London, 123 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU UK
| | - Ghulam J. Mufti
- Department of Haematological Medicine, Guy’s, King’s & St. Thomas’ School of Medicine, The Rayne Institute, King’s College London, 123 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU UK
| | - Barbara-ann Guinn
- Department of Haematological Medicine, Guy’s, King’s & St. Thomas’ School of Medicine, The Rayne Institute, King’s College London, 123 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU UK
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Marín LA, Moya-Quiles MR, Miras M, Muro M, Minguela A, Bermejo J, Ramírez P, García-Alonso AM, Parrilla P, Alvarez-López MR. Evaluation of CD86 gene polymorphism at +1057 position in liver transplant recipients. Transpl Immunol 2005; 15:69-74. [PMID: 16223675 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2005.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2005] [Accepted: 04/14/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Efficient T cell-APC interaction requires the participation of primary and co-stimulatory signals. The main co-stimulatory pathway involves the interaction of CD80 and CD86, expressed on the APCs, with their T cell counter-receptor, CD28 and CTLA-4. Recently, a G to A transition has been described at position +1057 of the CD86 gene, located in their cytoplasmic tail. METHODS CD86 polymorphism was analyzed by sequence based typing in DNA samples obtained from 205 liver transplant recipients. Acute rejection and chronic rejection were diagnosed based upon conventional clinical, biochemical and histological criteria. RESULTS The study of CD86 +1057 (G/A) polymorphism revealed that recipients bearing the A allele or the AA genotype have a reduced risk of acute rejection. In fact, the AA genotype was absent in the group of patients showing acute rejection episodes, whereas its frequency in those patients without acute rejection episodes was 8.8% (P=0.009, OR=0.07). This polymorphism did not reveal any association with the incidence of chronic rejection, but patients bearing the AA genotype showed a higher graft survival rate (83.3%) than those bearing the GA genotype (49.3%) or GG genotype (56.5%). CONCLUSIONS The results of the present report suggest that the CD86 AA genotype at +1057 position could be involved in liver transplant acceptance, given that its presence is related to a decrease of acute rejection frequency and to a graft survival increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Marín
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital, Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, 30120, Ctra Madrid-Cartagena s/n. El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
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