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Iram S, Rahman S, Choi I, Kim J. Insight into the function of tetranectin in human diseases: A review and prospects for tetranectin-targeted disease treatment. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23512. [PMID: 38187250 PMCID: PMC10770464 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Tetranectin (TN), a serum protein, is closely associated with different types of cancers. TN binds plasminogen and promotes the proteolytic activation of plasminogen into plasmin, which suggests that TN is involved in remodeling the extracellular matrix and cancer tissues during cancer development. TN is also associated with other diseases, such as developmental disorders, cardiovascular diseases, neurological diseases, inflammation, and diabetes. Although the functional mechanism of TN in diseases is not fully elucidated, TN binds different proteins, such as structural protein, a growth factor, and a transcription regulator. Moreover, TN changes and regulates protein functions, indicating that TN-binding proteins mediate the association between TN and diseases. This review summarizes the current knowledge of TN-associated diseases and TN functions with TN-binding proteins in different diseases. In addition, potential TN-targeted disease treatment by inhibiting the interaction between TN and its binding proteins is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Iram
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Safikur Rahman
- Department of Botany, Munshi Singh College, BR Ambedkar Bihar University, Muzaffarpur, Bihar, 845401, India
| | - Inho Choi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihoe Kim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea
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2
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Amin A, Lone A, Farooq F, Wani UM, Kawoosa F, Qadri RA. Identification of novel inhibitors of tetranectin-plasminogen interaction to suppress breast cancer invasion: an integrated computational and cell-based investigation. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:15023-15032. [PMID: 36927470 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2187228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Tetranectin-plasminogen interaction plays a defining role in extracellular matrix degradation, enabling tumor cell invasion and metastasis. This interaction occurs via the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) and Kringle 4 domain of tetranectin and plasminogen, respectively, leading to activation of the plasminogen-cascade that triggers the proteolytic processes. Thus targeting this interaction represents an important strategy to suppress tumor cell migration and invasion. In this direction, we attempted to target the CRD of tetranectin to inhibit its interaction with the Kringle-4 domain of plasminogen using natural bioactive compounds. A cheminformatics pipeline for drug designing and screening was utilized to obtain lead compound(s) that exhibit conformationally and energetically viable CRD binding. Out of 206 compounds screened, diosgenin and scytonemin displayed the most favorable interactions with CRD. Short-term molecular dynamics simulations of 20 ns were employed to further study the conformational stability of both compounds with tetranectin CRD which reflected at the increased stability of diosgenin in the CRD binding pocket compared to scytonemin. Finally, an extended molecular dynamic simulation of 100 ns affirmed the robust and stable interaction of diosgenin with CRD. Furthermore, diosgenin was observed to exert a pronounced anti-proliferative effect on high tetranectin-expressing MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. The inhibitory effect of diosgenin on the tetranectin-plasminogen interaction was corroborated by the reduced migration and invasiveness of MDA-MB-231 cells under diosgenin treatment. Overall the study presents an alternate and safer approach to impede breast cancer metastasis and delineates the novel anti-metastatic activity of diosgenin.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Amin
- Immunobiology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - Asif Lone
- Department of Biochemistry, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Faizah Farooq
- Immunobiology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - Umer Majeed Wani
- Immunobiology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - Fizallah Kawoosa
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Sher-I-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, J&K, India
| | - Raies A Qadri
- Immunobiology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, J&K, India
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3
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Liu F, Cai Z, Yang Y, Plasko G, Zhao P, Wu X, Tang C, Li D, Li T, Hu S, Song L, Yu S, Xu R, Luo H, Fan L, Wang E, Xiao Z, Ji Y, Zeng R, Li R, Bai J, Zhou Z, Liu F, Zhang J. The adipocyte-enriched secretory protein tetranectin exacerbates type 2 diabetes by inhibiting insulin secretion from β cells. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq1799. [PMID: 36129988 PMCID: PMC9491725 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq1799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic β cell failure is a hallmark of diabetes. However, the causes of β cell failure remain incomplete. Here, we report the identification of tetranectin (TN), an adipose tissue-enriched secretory molecule, as a negative regulator of insulin secretion in β cells in diabetes. TN expression is stimulated by high glucose in adipocytes via the p38 MAPK/TXNIP/thioredoxin/OCT4 signaling pathway, and elevated serum TN levels are associated with diabetes. TN treatment greatly exacerbates hyperglycemia in mice and suppresses glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in islets. Conversely, knockout of TN or neutralization of TN function notably improves insulin secretion and glucose tolerance in high-fat diet-fed mice. Mechanistically, TN binds with high selectivity to β cells and inhibits insulin secretion by blocking L-type Ca2+ channels. Our study uncovers an adipocyte-β cell cross-talk that contributes to β cell dysfunction in diabetes and suggests that neutralization of TN levels may provide a new treatment strategy for type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Zixin Cai
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Yan Yang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - George Plasko
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Piao Zhao
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiangyue Wu
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Cheng Tang
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Dandan Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Liver Organ Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Shanbiao Hu
- Department of Urological Organ Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Lei Song
- Department of Urological Organ Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Shaojie Yu
- Department of Urological Organ Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Ran Xu
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Hairong Luo
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Libin Fan
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Ersong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Zhen Xiao
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yujiao Ji
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Rong Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Rongxia Li
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Juli Bai
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Feng Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
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Iram S, Rahman S, Ali S, Kim J. Tetranectin targeting by epigallocatechin gallate suppresses colon cancer cell proliferation. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 209:211-219. [PMID: 35358581 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Tetranectin is a serum protein that binds to plasminogen and enhances its proteolytic activation, which underlies the involvement of tetranectin in the development of several carcinomas including colon cancer. In the present study, structure-based in silico screening of natural products showed that epigallocatechin gallate with anticancer effects binds to tetranectin. Binding to epigallocatechin gallate to tetranectin was confirmed by intrinsic fluorescence quenching assays and isothermal titration calorimetry. Furthermore, epigallocatechin gallate efficiently inhibited the activity of tetranectin to enhance the activation of plasminogen. We also found that tetranectin enhanced the proliferation of CT-26 colon cancer cells. Epigallocatechin gallate showed its cytotoxic effect on CT-26 cells due to its binding to tetranectin and the consequent suppression of the cell proliferation. These results demonstrate that the anticancer effect of epigallocatechin gallate is mediated, at least in part, by inhibiting tetranectin as a binding target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Iram
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Safikur Rahman
- Department of Botany, Munshi Singh College, BR Ambedkar Bihar University, Muzaffarpur, Bihar 845401, India
| | - Shahid Ali
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihoe Kim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea.
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Yilmaz O, Yasar A, Caliskan Polat A, Ay P, Alkin T, Taneli F, Odabasi Cingoz F, Hasdemir PS, Simsek Y, Yuksel H. Maternal psychiatric status and infant wheezing: The role of maternal hormones and cord blood cytokines. Pediatr Pulmonol 2021; 56:1573-1582. [PMID: 33587823 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.25302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Maternal psychosocial stress might be associated with development of allergic diseases in the offspring. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the association of maternal depression and anxiety with ever wheezing and recurrent wheezing among infants and to assess the role of maternal hypothalamo-pituatary-adrenal axis changes and fetal immune response in this association. METHODS This study encompasses two designs; cohort design was developed to evaluate the association of prenatal depression with development of wheezing in infants while nested case-control design was used to assess the role of maternal cortisol and tetranectin and cord blood interleukin 13 and interferon γ. RESULTS We enrolled 697 pregnant women. Elementary school graduate mother (odds ratio [OR] = 1.5, p = .06), maternal smoking during pregnancy (OR = 3.4, p = .001), familial history of asthma (OR = 2.7, p < .001) increased the risk of ever wheezing. Elementary school graduate mother (OR = 2.6, p = .002), maternal smoking during pregnancy (OR = 4.8, p < .001) and familial history of asthma (OR = 1.7, p = .01) increased the risk of recurrent wheezing. Maternal previous psychiatric disease, or Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale or Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory scores were not associated with wheezing. Maternal tetranectin levels were significantly higher among never wheezers compared to the ever wheezers (264.3 ± 274.8 vs. 201.6 ± 299.7, p = .04). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the major risk factors for ever wheezing and recurrent wheezing were maternal smoking, level of education and family history of asthma. However, maternal depression and anxiety were not determined as risk factors for wheezing. Maternal tetranectin carries potential as a biomarker for wheezing in the infant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozge Yilmaz
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Pulmonology, Celal Bayar University Medical Faculty, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Adem Yasar
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Pulmonology, Celal Bayar University Medical Faculty, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Arzu Caliskan Polat
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Pulmonology, Celal Bayar University Medical Faculty, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Pinar Ay
- Department of Public Health, Marmara University Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tunc Alkin
- Department of Psychiatry, Dokuz Eylül University Medical Faculty, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Fatma Taneli
- Department of Biochemistry, Celal Bayar University Medical Faculty, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Ferhan Odabasi Cingoz
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Pulmonology, Celal Bayar University Medical Faculty, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Pinar S Hasdemir
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Celal Bayar University Medical Faculty, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Yurda Simsek
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Pulmonology, Celal Bayar University Medical Faculty, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Hasan Yuksel
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Pulmonology, Celal Bayar University Medical Faculty, Manisa, Turkey
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6
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Chen W, Qiang X, Wang Y, Zhu S, Li J, Babaev A, Yang H, Gong J, Becker L, Wang P, Tracey KJ, Wang H. Identification of tetranectin-targeting monoclonal antibodies to treat potentially lethal sepsis. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/539/eaaz3833. [PMID: 32295901 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaz3833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
For the clinical management of sepsis, antibody-based strategies have only been attempted to antagonize proinflammatory cytokines but not yet been tried to target harmless proteins that may interact with these pathogenic mediators. Here, we report an antibody strategy to intervene in the harmful interaction between tetranectin (TN) and a late-acting sepsis mediator, high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), in preclinical settings. We found that TN could bind HMGB1 to reciprocally enhance their endocytosis, thereby inducing macrophage pyroptosis and consequent release of lactate dehydrogenase and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a C-terminal caspase recruitment domain. The genetic depletion of TN expression or supplementation of exogenous TN protein at subphysiological doses distinctly affected the outcomes of potentially lethal sepsis, revealing a previously underappreciated beneficial role of TN in sepsis. Furthermore, the administration of domain-specific polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies effectively inhibited TN/HMGB1 interaction and endocytosis and attenuated the sepsis-induced TN depletion and tissue injury, thereby rescuing animals from lethal sepsis. Our findings point to a possibility of developing antibody strategies to prevent harmful interactions between harmless proteins and pathogenic mediators of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiang Chen
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.,Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra Blvd., Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
| | - Xiaoling Qiang
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.,Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra Blvd., Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
| | - Yongjun Wang
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Shu Zhu
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.,Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra Blvd., Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
| | - Jianhua Li
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Ariella Babaev
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - Huan Yang
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.,Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra Blvd., Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
| | - Jonathan Gong
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.,Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra Blvd., Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
| | - Lance Becker
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.,Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra Blvd., Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
| | - Ping Wang
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.,Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra Blvd., Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
| | - Kevin J Tracey
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.,Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra Blvd., Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
| | - Haichao Wang
- The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA. .,Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra Blvd., Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
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Chen Z, Downing S, Tzanakakis ES. Four Decades After the Discovery of Regenerating Islet-Derived (Reg) Proteins: Current Understanding and Challenges. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:235. [PMID: 31696115 PMCID: PMC6817481 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Regenerating islet-derived (Reg) proteins have emerged as multifunctional agents with pro-proliferative, anti-apoptotic, differentiation-inducing and bactericidal properties. Over the last 40 years since first discovered, Reg proteins have been implicated in a gamut of maladies including diabetes, various types of cancer of the digestive tract, and Alzheimer disease. Surprisingly though, a consensus is still absent on the regulation of their expression, and molecular underpinning of their function. Here, we provide a critical appraisal of recent findings in the field of Reg protein biology. Specifically, the structural characteristics are reviewed particularly in connection with established or purported functions of different members of the Reg family. Moreover, Reg expression patterns in different tissues both under normal and pathophysiological conditions are summarized. Putative receptors and cascades reported to relay Reg signaling inciting cellular responses are presented aiming at a better appreciation of the biological activities of the distinct Reg moieties. Challenges are also discussed that have hampered thus far the rapid progress in this field such as the use of non-standard nomenclature for Reg molecules among various research groups, the existence of multiple Reg members with significant degree of homology and possibly compensatory modes of action, and the need for common assays with robust readouts of Reg activity. Coordinated research is warranted going forward, given that several research groups have independently linked Reg proteins to diseased states and raised the possibility that these biomolecules can serve as therapeutic targets and biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijing Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
| | - Shawna Downing
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Emmanuel S Tzanakakis
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States.,Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
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Park J, Ryu DY, Rahman S, Kim J. Adipogenic function of mouse tetranectin and identification of its functional domain. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 519:645-651. [PMID: 31540696 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.09.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Tetranectin (TN), a plasminogen (Plg) binding protein, enhances the Plg activator (PA)-catalyzed activation of Plg to plasmin (Pln). Previously, TN was identified as an adipogenic serum protein, which promotes adipocyte differentiation. In the present study, we investigated the adipogenic function of mouse TN using recombinant proteins (rmTNs) in full-length and domain-truncated forms. Adipocyte differentiation in TN-depleted-FBS-media was significantly enhanced by rmTNs supplementation. The adipogenic effect of rmTNs was found to be dependent on the presence of a Plg binding domain, indicating the domain is essential for the adipogenic function of mTN. In addition, these results suggested the involvement of Plg activation, however Plg, PA and Pln appeared to have no direct effect on adipocyte differentiation. This study demonstrates the adipogenic function of mTN, which is dependent on the Plg binding domain as its functional domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Park
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Young Ryu
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Safikur Rahman
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihoe Kim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 712-749, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Meng Q, Zhang J, Zhang H, Zhou G, Ni R, Zhao Y, Qin Q, Zou Z. Comparative analysis of C-type lectin domain proteins in the ghost moth, Thitarodes xiaojinensis (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae). INSECT SCIENCE 2019; 26:453-465. [PMID: 29274206 PMCID: PMC7379682 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Insects have a large family of C-type lectins involved in cell adhesion, pathogen recognition and activation of immune responses. In this study, 32 transcripts encoding C-type lectin domain proteins (CTLDPs) were identified from the Thitarodes xiaojinensis transcriptome. According to their domain structures, six CTLDPs with one carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD) were classified into the CTL-S subfamily. The other 23 CTLDPs with two CRDs were grouped into the immulectin (IML) subfamily. The remaining three with extra regulatory domains were sorted into the CTL-X subfamily. Phylogenetic analysis showed that CTL-S and CTL-X members from different insects could form orthologous groups. In contrast, no T. xiaojinensis IML orthologues were found in other insects. Remarkable lineage-specific expansion in this subfamily was observed reflecting that these CTLDPs, as important receptors, have evolved diversified members in response to a variety of microbes. Prediction of binding ligands revealed that T. xiaojinensis, a cold-adapted species, conserved the ability of CRDs to combine with Ca2+ to keep its receptors from freezing. Comparative analysis of induction of CTLDP genes after different immune challenges indicated that IMLs might play critical roles in immune defenses. This study examined T. xiaojinensis CTLDPs and provides a basis for further studies of their characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Ji‐Hong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Huan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Gui‐Ling Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Ruo‐Yao Ni
- College of Life SciencesHebei UniversityBaodingHebeiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yan‐Ni Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Qi‐Lian Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Zhen Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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10
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Coenen MJH, Hofstra JM, Debiec H, Stanescu HC, Medlar AJ, Stengel B, Boland-Augé A, Groothuismink JM, Bockenhauer D, Powis SH, Mathieson PW, Brenchley PE, Kleta R, Wetzels JFM, Ronco P. Phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R1) sequence variants in idiopathic membranous nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol 2013; 24:677-83. [PMID: 23431073 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2012070730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The M-type receptor for phospholipase A2 (PLA2R1) is the major target antigen in idiopathic membranous nephropathy (iMN). Our recent genome-wide association study showed that genetic variants in an HLA-DQA1 and phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R1) allele associate most significantly with biopsy-proven iMN, suggesting that rare genetic variants within the coding region of the PLA2R1 gene may contribute to antibody formation. Here, we sequenced PLA2R1 in a cohort of 95 white patients with biopsy-proven iMN and assessed all 30 exons of PLA2R1, including canonical (GT-AG) splice sites, by Sanger sequencing. Sixty patients had anti-PLA2R1 in serum or detectable PLA2R1 antigen in kidney tissue. We identified 18 sequence variants, comprising 2 not previously described, 7 reported as rare variants (<1%) in the Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Database or the 1000 Genomes project, and 9 known to be common polymorphisms. Although we confirmed significant associations among 6 of the identified common variants and iMN, only 9 patients had the private or rare variants, and only 4 of these patients were among the 60 who were PLA2R positive. In conclusion, rare variants in the coding sequence of PLA2R1, including splice sites, are unlikely to explain the pathogenesis of iMN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke J H Coenen
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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11
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Panagiotopoulos I, Palatianos G, Michalopoulos A, Chatzigeorgiou A, Prapas S, Kamper EF. Alterations in biomarkers of endothelial function following on-pump coronary artery revascularization. J Clin Lab Anal 2011; 24:389-98. [PMID: 21089169 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.20416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) has been associated with activation and injury of endothelial cells, probably responsible for the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) taking place in these patients. METHODS We measured plasma concentrations of soluble P-selectin (sP-s), E-selectin (sE-s), tetranectin (TN), vonWillebrand factor (vWF) levels, and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity in 31 adult patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafting, just before and up to three days after surgery, and in 25 healthy volunteers. RESULTS Patients showed higher plasma sP-s and sE-s and ACE concentrations, just before surgery, but significantly lower TN levels, compared with controls. During the first three postoperative days (PD), the concentration of each of the molecules followed a different and independent pattern, although in the third PD, the levels of sP-s, sE-s and ACE were higher and those of vWF and TN lower, compared with the preoperative ones. However, patients had higher sP-s (P=0.06), sE-s (P=0.07), and vWF (P=0.005), but lower TN concentrations (P=0.02) on the third PD compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS CPB is characterised by pronounced changes in plasma sP-s, sE-s, TN, vWF levels, and ACE activity, which are associated with significant alteration in the intra- and early postoperative endothelial function observed in open heart surgery.
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12
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Byla P, Andersen MH, Holtet TL, Jacobsen H, Munch M, Gad HH, Thøgersen HC, Hartmann R. Selection of a novel and highly specific tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) antagonist: insight from the crystal structure of the antagonist-TNFalpha complex. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:12096-100. [PMID: 20179326 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.063305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) is a favorable way of treating several important diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn disease, and psoriasis. Therefore, an extensive range of TNFalpha inhibitory proteins, most of them based upon an antibody scaffold, has been developed and used with variable success as therapeutics. We have developed a novel technology platform using C-type lectins as a vehicle for the creation of novel trimeric therapeutic proteins with increased avidity and unique properties as compared with current protein therapeutics. We chose human TNFalpha as a test target to validate this new technology because of the extensive experience available with protein-based TNFalpha antagonists. Here, we present a novel and highly specific TNFalpha antagonist developed using this technology. Furthermore, we have solved the three-dimensional structure of the antagonist-TNFalpha complex by x-ray crystallography, and this structure is presented here. The structure has given us a unique insight into how the selection procedure works at a molecular level. Surprisingly little change is observed in the C-type lectin-like domain structure outside of the randomized regions, whereas a substantial change is observed within the randomized loops. Thus, the overall integrity of the C-type lectin-like domain is maintained, whereas specificity and binding affinity are changed by the introduction of a number of specific contacts with TNFalpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- Povilas Byla
- Centre for Structural Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10C, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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13
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Cartwright MJ, Schlauch K, Lenburg ME, Tchkonia T, Pirtskhalava T, Cartwright A, Thomou T, Kirkland JL. Aging, depot origin, and preadipocyte gene expression. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2010; 65:242-51. [PMID: 20106964 PMCID: PMC2904595 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glp213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fat distribution changes with aging. Inherent changes in fat cell progenitors may
contribute because fat cells turn over throughout life. To define mechanisms, gene
expression was profiled in preadipocytes cultured from epididymal and perirenal depots of
young and old rats. 8.4% of probe sets differed significantly between depots, particularly
developmental genes. Only 0.02% differed with aging, despite using less stringent criteria
than for comparing depots. Twenty-five genes selected based on fold change with aging were
analyzed in preadipocytes from additional young, middle-aged, and old animals by
polymerase chain reaction. Thirteen changed significantly with aging, 13 among depots, and
9 with both. Genes involved in inflammation, stress, and differentiation changed with
aging, as occurs in fat tissue. Age-related changes were greater in perirenal than
epididymal preadipocytes, consistent with larger declines in replication and adipogenesis
in perirenal preadipocytes. Thus, age-related changes in preadipocyte gene expression
differ among depots, potentially contributing to fat redistribution and dysfunction.
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14
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Recombinant production and characterization of the carbohydrate recognition domain from Atlantic salmon C-type lectin receptor C (SCLRC). Protein Expr Purif 2008; 59:38-46. [PMID: 18272393 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2008.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2007] [Revised: 01/08/2008] [Accepted: 01/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The Atlantic salmon C-type lectin receptor C (SCLRC) locus encodes a potential oligomeric type II receptor. C-type lectins recognize carbohydrates in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner through structurally conserved, yet functionally diverse, C-type lectin-like domains (CTLDs). Many conserved amino acids in animal CTLDs are present in SCLRC, with the notable exception of an asparagine crucially involved in Ca(2+)- and carbohydrate-binding, which is tyrosine in SCLRC. SCLRC also contains six cysteines that form three disulfide bonds. Although SCLRC was originally identified as an up-regulated transcript responding to Aeromonas salmonicida infection, the biological role of this protein is still unknown. To study the structure and ligand binding properties of SCLRC, we created a homology model of the 17kDa CTLD and produced it as an affinity-tagged protein in the periplasm of Escherichia coli by co-expression of proteins that facilitate disulfide bond formation. The recombinant form of SCLRC was characterized by a protease protection assay, a solid-phase carbohydrate-binding assay, and frontal affinity chromatography. On the basis of this characterization, we classify SCLRC as a C-type lectin that binds to mannose and its derivatives.
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15
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Cnudde SE, Prorok M, Castellino FJ, Geiger JH. X-ray crystallographic structure of the angiogenesis inhibitor, angiostatin, bound to a peptide from the group A streptococcal surface protein PAM. Biochemistry 2006; 45:11052-60. [PMID: 16964966 DOI: 10.1021/bi060914j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The crystal structure of the human Pg-derived angiogenesis inhibitor, angiostatin, complexed to VEK-30, a peptide from the group A streptococcal surface protein, PAM, was determined and refined to 2.3 A resolution. This is the first structure of angiostatin bound to a ligand and provides a model of the interaction between Pg and streptococcal-derived pathogenic proteins. VEK-30 contains a "through-space isostere" for C-terminal lysine, wherein Arg and Glu side chains, separated by one helical turn, bind within the bipolar angiostatin kringle 2 (K2) domain lysine-binding site. VEK-30 also makes several contacts with K2 residues that exist outside of the canonical LBS and are not conserved among the other Pg kringles, thus providing a molecular basis for the selectivity of VEK-30 for K2. The structure also shows that Pg kringle domains undergo significant structural rearrangement relative to one another and reveals dimerization between two molecules of angiostatin and VEK-30 related by crystallographic symmetry. This dimerization, which exists only in the crystal structure, is consistent with the parallel coiled-coil full-length PAM dimer expected from sequence similarities and homology modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E Cnudde
- Department of Biochemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
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16
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Mylona-Karayanni C, Gourgiotis D, Bossios A, Kamper EF. Oxidative stress and adhesion molecules in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a possible link. Pediatr Diabetes 2006; 7:51-9. [PMID: 16489975 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-543x.2006.00147.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine whether oxidative stress parameters were correlated with adhesion molecules derived from endothelial/platelet activation in a group of juveniles with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). SUBJECTS AND METHODS Indicative parameters of patient oxidant/antioxidant capacity were measured and associated with P-selectin and tetranectin (TN), markers of endothelial/platelet activation, in the plasma of 45 diabetic children and adolescents and 20 healthy age-matched subjects (HS). RESULTS Significantly, higher nitrate/nitrite (NOx) and lipid hydroperoxide (LPO) levels (p=0.049 and p=0.0011, respectively), lower glutathione peroxidase activity (GPx; p=0.038), and elevated TN and P-selectin plasma levels (p=0.0046 and p=0.042, respectively) were found in T1DM children compared with HS. Well-controlled T1DM children (HbA1c <or= 7%) showed significantly lower GPx (p=0.0259), higher NOx and LPO (p=0.01093 and p=0.0092, respectively) compared with HS, while poorly controlled patients (HbA1c >7%) showed significantly higher TN, sP-selectin and LPO (p=0.0064, p=0.0234 and p=0.0121, respectively), a tendency to higher NOx (p=0.063) compared with HS and only TN higher (p=0.0123) compared with well-controlled patients. Patients with shorter diabetes duration (<or=3 yr) showed significantly higher LPO and TN (p=0.034 and 0.017, respectively), a tendency to higher NOx and lower GPx and higher P-selectin, while those with longer duration (>3 yr) differed significantly in all the examined parameters (TN, p=0.0015; GPx, p=0.0420; NOx, p=0.0196; LPO, p=0.0054; sP-selectin, p=0.0187) compared with HS. CONCLUSIONS Decreased antioxidative protection from simultaneous LPO and NOx overproduction is evident in T1DM juveniles with a parallel endothelial/platelet activation even in the first years of the disease, being more pronounced later in diabetes progression, contributing to the vascular complications of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Mylona-Karayanni
- Second Department of Pediatric Clinic, Aglaia Kyriakou Pediatric Hospital, Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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17
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Abstract
The superfamily of proteins containing C-type lectin-like domains (CTLDs) is a large group of extracellular Metazoan proteins with diverse functions. The CTLD structure has a characteristic double-loop ('loop-in-a-loop') stabilized by two highly conserved disulfide bridges located at the bases of the loops, as well as a set of conserved hydrophobic and polar interactions. The second loop, called the long loop region, is structurally and evolutionarily flexible, and is involved in Ca2+-dependent carbohydrate binding and interaction with other ligands. This loop is completely absent in a subset of CTLDs, which we refer to as compact CTLDs; these include the Link/PTR domain and bacterial CTLDs. CTLD-containing proteins (CTLDcps) were originally classified into seven groups based on their overall domain structure. Analyses of the superfamily representation in several completely sequenced genomes have added 10 new groups to the classification, and shown that it is applicable only to vertebrate CTLDcps; despite the abundance of CTLDcps in the invertebrate genomes studied, the domain architectures of these proteins do not match those of the vertebrate groups. Ca2+-dependent carbohydrate binding is the most common CTLD function in vertebrates, and apparently the ancestral one, as suggested by the many humoral defense CTLDcps characterized in insects and other invertebrates. However, many CTLDs have evolved to specifically recognize protein, lipid and inorganic ligands, including the vertebrate clade-specific snake venoms, and fish antifreeze and bird egg-shell proteins. Recent studies highlight the functional versatility of this protein superfamily and the CTLD scaffold, and suggest further interesting discoveries have yet to be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex N Zelensky
- Computational Proteomics and Therapy Design Group, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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18
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Li Z, Lin Q, Yang DSC, Ewart KV, Hew CL. The role of Ca2+-coordinating residues of herring antifreeze protein in antifreeze activity. Biochemistry 2005; 43:14547-54. [PMID: 15544325 DOI: 10.1021/bi048485h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The type II antifreeze protein of Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus harengus) requires Ca(2+) as a cofactor to inhibit the growth of ice crystals. On the basis of homology modeling with Ca(2+)-dependent lectin domains, five residues of herring antifreeze protein (hAFP) are predicted to be involved in Ca(2+) binding: Q92, D94, E99, N113, and D114. The role of E99, however, is less certain. A previous study on a double mutant EPN of hAFP suggested that the Ca(2+)-binding site of hAFP was the ice-binding site. However, it is possible that Ca(2+) might function distantly to affect ice binding. Site-directed mutagenesis was performed on the Ca(2+)-coordinating residues of hAFP in order to define the location of the ice-binding site and to explore the role of these residues in antifreeze activity. Properties of the mutants were investigated in terms of their structural integrity and antifreeze activity. Equilibrium dialysis analysis demonstrated that E99 is a Ca(2+)-coordinating residue. Moreover, proteolysis protection assay revealed that removal of Ca(2+) affected the conformation of the Ca(2+)-binding loop rather than the core structure of hAFP. This finding rules out the possibility that Ca(2+) might act at a distance via a conformational change to affect the function of hAFP. Substitutions at positions 99 and 114 resulted in severely reduced thermal hysteresis activity. These data indicate that the ice-binding site of hAFP is located at the Ca(2+)-binding site and the loop region defined by residues 99 and 114 is important for antifreeze activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjun Li
- Division of Structural Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology and of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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19
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Nielbo S, Thomsen JK, Graversen JH, Jensen PH, Etzerodt M, Poulsen FM, Thøgersen HC. Structure of the Plasminogen Kringle 4 Binding Calcium-Free Form of the C-Type Lectin-Like Domain of Tetranectin. Biochemistry 2004; 43:8636-43. [PMID: 15236571 DOI: 10.1021/bi049570s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Tetranectin is a homotrimeric protein containing a C-type lectin-like domain. This domain (TN3) can bind calcium, but in the absence of calcium, the domain binds a number of kringle-type protein ligands. Two of the calcium-coordinating residues are also critical for binding plasminogen kringle 4 (K4). The structure of the calcium free-form of TN3 (apoTN3) has been determined by NMR. Compared to the structure of the calcium-bound form of TN3 (holoTN3), the core region of secondary structural elements is conserved, while large displacements occur in the loops involved in calcium or K4 binding. A conserved proline, which was found to be in the cis conformation in holoTN3, is in apoTN3 predominantly in the trans conformation. Backbone dynamics indicate that, in apoTN3 especially, two of the three calcium-binding loops and two of the three K4-binding residues exhibit increased flexibility, whereas no such flexibility is observed in holoTN3. In the 20 best nuclear magnetic resonance structures of apoTN3, the residues critical for K4 binding span a large conformational space. Together with the relaxation data, this indicates that the K4-ligand-binding site in apoTN3 is not preformed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steen Nielbo
- Laboratory of Gene Expression, Department of Molecular and Structural Biology, University of Aarhus, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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20
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Mogues T, Etzerodt M, Hall C, Engelich G, Graversen JH, Hartshorn KL. Tetranectin Binds to the Kringle 1-4 Form of Angiostatin and Modifies Its Functional Activity. J Biomed Biotechnol 2004; 2004:73-78. [PMID: 15240916 PMCID: PMC548802 DOI: 10.1155/s1110724304307096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetranectin is a plasminogen kringle 4 domain-binding protein present in plasma and various tissue locations. Decreased plasma tetranectin or increased tetranectin in stroma of cancers correlates with cancer progression and adverse prognosis. A possible mechanism through which tetranectin could influence cancer progression is by altering activities of plasminogen or the plasminogen fragment, angiostatin. Tetranectin was found to bind to the kringle 1-4 form of angiostatin (AST $;{\text{K1-4}}$ ). In addition, tetranectin inhibited binding of plasminogen or AST $;{\text{K1-4}}$ to extracellular matrix (ECM) deposited by endothelial cells. Finally, tetranectin partially counteracted the ability of AST $;{\text{K1-4}}$ to inhibit proliferation of endothelial cells. This latter effect of tetranectin was specific for AST $;{\text{K1-4}}$ since it did not counteract the antiproliferative activities of the kringle 1-3 form of angiostatin (AST $;{\text{K1-3}}$ ) or endostatin. These findings suggest that tetranectin may modulate angiogenesis through interactions with AST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tirsit Mogues
- Hematology and Medical Oncology, School of Medicine,
Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Michael Etzerodt
- Laboratory of Gene Expression, Department of Molecular and Structural Biology, University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Crystal Hall
- Hematology and Medical Oncology, School of Medicine,
Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Georg Engelich
- Hematology and Medical Oncology, School of Medicine,
Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Jonas H. Graversen
- Laboratory of Gene Expression, Department of Molecular and Structural Biology, University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Kevan L. Hartshorn
- Hematology and Medical Oncology, School of Medicine,
Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- *Kevan L. Hartshorn:
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21
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Abstract
Originally discovered in 1994 by Folkman and coworkers, angiostatin was identified through its antitumor effects in mice and later shown to be a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis. An internal fragment of plasminogen, angiostatin consists of kringle domains that are known to be lysine-binding. The crystal structure of angiostatin was the first multikringle domain-containing structure to be published. This review will focus on what is known about the structure of angiostatin and its implications in function from the current literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Geiger
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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22
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Westergaard UB, Andersen MH, Heegaard CW, Fedosov SN, Petersen TE. Tetranectin binds hepatocyte growth factor and tissue-type plasminogen activator. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 2003; 270:1850-4. [PMID: 12694198 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1033.2003.03549.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In the search for new ligands for the plasminogen kringle 4 binding-protein tetranectin, it has been found by ligand blot analysis and ELISA that tetranectin specifically bound to the plasminogen-like hepatocyte growth factor and tissue-type plasminogen activator. The dissociation constants of these complexes were found to be within the same order of magnitude as the one for the plasminogen-tetranectin complex. The study also revealed that tetranectin did not interact with the kindred proteins: macrophage-stimulating protein, urokinase-type plasminogen activator and prothrombin. In order to examine the function of tetranectin, a kinetic analysis of the tPA-catalysed plasminogen activation was performed. The kinetic parameters of the tetranectin-stimulated enhancement of tPA were comparable to fibrinogen fragments, which are so far the best inducer of tPA-catalysed plasminogen activation. The enhanced activation was suggested to be caused by tetranectin's ability to bind and accumulate tPA in an active conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uffe B Westergaard
- Protein Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Structural Biology, University of Aarhus, Denmark
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23
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Caterer NR, Graversen JH, Jacobsen C, Moestrup SK, Sigurskjold BW, Etzerodt M, Thøgersen HC. Specificity determinants in the interaction of apolipoprotein(a) kringles with tetranectin and LDL. Biol Chem 2002; 383:1743-50. [PMID: 12530539 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2002.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Lipoprotein(a) is composed of low density lipoprotein and apolipoprotein(a). Apolipoprotein(a) has evolved from plasminogen and contains 10 different plasminogen kringle 4 homologous domains [KIV(1-110)]. Previous studies indicated that lipoprotein(a) non-covalently binds the N-terminal region of lipoprotein B100 and the plasminogen kringle 4 binding plasma protein tetranectin. In this study recombinant KIV(2), KIV(7) and KIV(10) derived from apolipoprotein(a) were produced in E. coli and the binding to tetranectin and low density lipoprotein was examined. Only KIV(10) bound to tetranectin and binding was similar to that of plasminogen kringle 4 to tetranectin. Only KIV(7) bound to LDL. In order to identify the residues responsible for the difference in specificity between KIV(7) and KIV(10), a number of surface-exposed residues located around the lysine binding clefts were exchanged. Ligand binding analysis of these derivatives showed that Y62, and to a minor extent W32 and E56, of KIV(7) are important for LDL binding to KIV(7), whereas R32 and D56 of KIV(10) are required for tetranectin binding of KIV(10).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel R Caterer
- Laboratory of Gene Expression, Department of Molecular and Structural Biology, Aarhus, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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24
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Xu X, Gilpin B, Iba K, Maier A, Engvall E, Albrechtsen R, Wewer UM. Tetranectin in slow intra- and extrafusal chicken muscle fibers. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2002; 22:121-32. [PMID: 11519735 DOI: 10.1023/a:1010377325382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Tetranectin is a C-type lectin that occurs in the mammalian musculoskeletal system. In the present report we describe the first studies on an avian tetranectin. A full-length chicken tetranectin cDNA was isolated. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence of chicken tetranectin with mouse and human tetranectin showed an identity of 67 and 68%, respectively. Northern blot analysis demonstrated broad expression of chicken tetranectin mRNA, which was first detected on embryonic day 4. Tetranectin protein was detected in chicken serum and egg yolk. Since muscle is one of few tissues in which tetranectin protein is retained, we examined the distribution of tetranectin in various muscle types in chicken. Myofibers strongly positive for tetranectin were observed in several muscles including m. tibialis ant. and m. sartorius (from embryonic day 10 to adult). Using antibodies to fast and slow myosin heavy chains (MHC) and double immunostaining techniques, we found that tetranectin was restricted to slow (type I) muscle fibers. Similarly only slow intrafusal fibers accumulated tetranectin. The pattern of immunostaining in chickens differs markedly from that seen in mouse muscles, indicating that tetranectin performs a role in muscle that is not associated with a hitherto recognized muscle type or function.
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MESH Headings
- Adaptation, Physiological/physiology
- Amino Acid Sequence/genetics
- Animals
- Blood Proteins/genetics
- Blood Proteins/metabolism
- Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/genetics
- Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/metabolism
- Cattle
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Chick Embryo
- Chickens/anatomy & histology
- Chickens/growth & development
- Chickens/metabolism
- DNA, Complementary/metabolism
- Drosophila Proteins/genetics
- Drosophila Proteins/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/physiology
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Lectins/genetics
- Lectins/metabolism
- Lectins, C-Type
- Mice
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Muscle Contraction/physiology
- Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch/cytology
- Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch/metabolism
- Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch/cytology
- Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch/metabolism
- Muscle Spindles/cytology
- Muscle Spindles/growth & development
- Muscle Spindles/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/embryology
- Muscle, Skeletal/growth & development
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Myosin Heavy Chains/metabolism
- Phylogeny
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
- Stem Cells/cytology
- Stem Cells/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- X Xu
- Institute of Molecular Pathology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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25
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Iba K, Durkin ME, Johnsen L, Hunziker E, Damgaard-Pedersen K, Zhang H, Engvall E, Albrechtsen R, Wewer UM. Mice with a targeted deletion of the tetranectin gene exhibit a spinal deformity. Mol Cell Biol 2001; 21:7817-25. [PMID: 11604516 PMCID: PMC99951 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.21.22.7817-7825.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetranectin is a plasminogen-binding, homotrimeric protein belonging to the C-type lectin family of proteins. Tetranectin has been suggested to play a role in tissue remodeling, due to its ability to stimulate plasminogen activation and its expression in developing tissues such as developing bone and muscle. To test the functional role of tetranectin directly, we have generated mice with a targeted disruption of the gene. We report that the tetranectin-deficient mice exhibit kyphosis, a type of spinal deformity characterized by an increased curvature of the thoracic spine. The kyphotic angles were measured on radiographs. In 6-month-old normal mice (n = 27), the thoracic angle was 73 degrees +/- 2 degrees, while in tetranectin-deficient 6-month-old mice (n = 35), it was 93 degrees +/- 2 degrees (P < 0.0001). In approximately one-third of the mutant mice, X-ray analysis revealed structural changes in the morphology of the vertebrae. Histological analysis of the spines of these mice revealed an apparently asymmetric development of the growth plate and of the intervertebral disks of the vertebrae. In the most advanced cases, the growth plates appeared disorganized and irregular, with the disk material protruding through the growth plate. Tetranectin-null mice had a normal peak bone mass density and were not more susceptible to ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis than were their littermates as determined by dual-emission X-ray absorptiometry scanning. These results demonstrate that tetranectin plays a role in tissue growth and remodeling. The tetranectin-deficient mouse is the first mouse model that resembles common human kyphotic disorders, which affect up to 8% of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Iba
- The Institute of Molecular Pathology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Thougaard AV, Jaliashvili I, Christiansen M. Tetranectin-like protein in vertebrate serum: a comparative immunochemical analysis. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2001; 128:625-34. [PMID: 11290444 DOI: 10.1016/s1096-4959(00)00329-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The glycoprotein tetranectin (TN) found in human serum is a 90-kDa homotrimeric C-type lectin binding Ca2+, heparin and plasminogen kringle 4. TN is suggested as being implicated in tissue remodelling. The antigenic reactivity of putative TN was examined in serum from 14 different animal species using three sandwich enzyme immunoassays for human TN. Crab-eating macaque serum showed the strongest reaction, followed by horse and cat. Serum from cow, goat, pig, mouse and chicken reacted weakly, while dog, trout, and the amphibian and the reptile species did not react. The TN-like protein from macaque, horse and cat serum bound heparin and showed the same dependence on Ca2+ for interaction with the monoclonal antibodies as human TN. Gel filtration of sera from the three animal species showed that the TN-like protein eluted as single peaks with a M(r) of 70-90 kDa. Western blotting of horse and cat TN-like protein electrophoresed under reducing conditions showed that the antibodies against human TN reacted with a single band with an approximate M(r) of 30 kDa, indicating that the TN-like protein is also a homotrimer. Horse and cat TN-like protein interacted with human kringle 4-sepharose. Most likely, the reacting protein represents crab-eating macaque, horse and cat homologues of human TN.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Thougaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Statens Serum Institut, 5 Artillerivej, DK-2300 S, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Graversen JH, Jacobsen C, Sigurskjold BW, Lorentsen RH, Moestrup SK, Thogersen HC, Etzerodt M. Mutational analysis of affinity and selectivity of kringle-tetranectin interaction. Grafting novel kringle affinity ontp the trtranectin lectin scaffold. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:37390-6. [PMID: 10964919 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m004873200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
C-type lectin-like domains are found in many proteins, where they mediate binding to a wide diversity of compounds, including carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins. The binding of a C-type lectin-like domain to a ligand is often influenced by calcium. Recently, we have identified a site in the C-type lectin-like domain of tetranectin, involving Lys-148, Glu-150, and Asp-165, which mediates calcium-sensitive binding to plasminogen kringle 4. Here, we investigate the effect of conservative substitutions of these and a neighboring amino acid residue. Substitution of Thr-149 in tetranectin with a tyrosine residue considerably increases the affinity for plasminogen kringle 4, and, in addition, confers affinity for plasminogen kringle 2. As shown by isothermal titration calorimetry analysis, this new interaction is stronger than the binding of wild-type tetranectin to plasminogen kringle 4. This study provides further insight into molecular determinants of importance for binding selectivity and affinity of C-type lectin kringle interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Graversen
- Laboratory of Gene Expression, Department of Molecular and Structural Biology and the Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Aarhus, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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Graversen JH, Sigurskjold BW, Thøgersen HC, Etzerodt M. Tetranectin-binding site on plasminogen kringle 4 involves the lysine-binding pocket and at least one additional amino acid residue. Biochemistry 2000; 39:7414-9. [PMID: 10858289 DOI: 10.1021/bi000155j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Kringle domains are found in a number of proteins where they govern protein-protein interactions. These interactions are often sensitive to lysine and lysine analogues, and the kringle-lysine interaction has been used as a model system for investigating kringle-protein interactions. In this study, we analyze the interaction of wild-type and six single-residue mutants of recombinant plasminogen kringle 4 expressed in Escherichia coli with the recombinant C-type lectin domain of tetranectin and trans-aminomethyl-cyclohexanoic acid (t-AMCHA) using isothermal titration calorimetry. We find that all amino acid residues of plasminogen kringle 4 found to be involved in t-AMCHA binding are also involved in binding tetranectin. Notably, one amino acid residue of plasminogen kringle 4, Arg 32, not involved in binding t-AMCHA, is critical for binding tetranectin. We also find that Asp 57 and Asp 55 of plasminogen kringle 4, which both were found to interact with the low molecular weight ligand with an almost identical geometry in the crystal of the complex, are not of equal functional importance in t-AMCHA binding. Mutating Asp 57 to an Asn totally eliminates binding, whereas the Asp 55 to Asn, like the Arg 71 to Gln mutation, was found only to decrease affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Graversen
- Department of Molecular and Structural Biology, University of Aarhus, Denmark
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29
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Jaquinod M, Holtet TL, Etzerodt M, Clemmensen I, Thøgersen HC, Roepstorff P. Mass spectrometric characterisation of post-translational modification and genetic variation in human tetranectin. Biol Chem 1999; 380:1307-14. [PMID: 10614823 DOI: 10.1515/bc.1999.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Tetranectin, a plasminogen-binding trimeric C-type lectin-like protein primarily involved in tissue remodeling and development, was scanned for covalent modifications and sequence heterogeneity, using a combination of mass spectrometric and classical protein chemical analytical methods. Electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry showed the presence of eight components of different mass and abundance in plasma tetranectin, all of higher mass than that calculated from the cDNA sequence. To identify and locate residues accounting for the heterogeneity, samples of tetranectin were subjected to proteolytic cleavage. Peptide fragments, in mixtures or in purified form, were analysed by matrix-assisted-laser-desorption-ionisation mass spectrometry and, where required, by Edman sequencing and compared to the cDNA sequence. Our results show that the mass heterogeneity in plasma tetranectin is due to sequence heterogeneity at position 85 and the presence of a partially sialylated oligosaccharide prosthetic group attached to Thr-4. Residue 85 is encoded in the cDNA as a Ser residue, but plasma tetranectin is a 1:1 mixture of Ser85 and Gly-85 sequence variants. Mass spectrometric analysis of enzymatic and mild acid hydrolysates of an N-terminal glycopeptide showed that the composition and partial covalent structure of the O-linked oligosaccharide prosthetic group is < or =N-acetylhexosamine < or =[hexose, (sialic acid)0-3].
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jaquinod
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense University
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Abstract
The utilization of optical biosensors to study molecular interactions continues to expand. In 1998, 384 articles relating to the use of commercial biosensors were published in 130 different journals. While significant strides in new applications and methodology were made, a majority of the biosensor literature is of rather poor quality. Basic information about experimental conditions is often not presented and many publications fail to display the experimental data, bringing into question the credibility of the results. This review provides suggestions on how to collect, analyze and report biosensor data.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Myszka
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA.
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Abstract
Carbohydrate-recognition domains of C-type (Ca2+-dependent) animal lectins serve as prototypes for an important family of protein modules. Only some domains in this family bind Ca2+ or sugars. A comparison of recent structures of C-type lectin-like domains reveals diversity in the modular fold, particularly in the region associated with Ca2+ and sugar binding. Some of this diversity reflects the changes that occur during normal physiological functioning of the domains. C-type lectin-like domains associate with each other through several different surfaces to form dimers and trimers, from which ligand-binding sites project in a variety of different orientations.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Drickamer
- Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK.
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Neame PJ, Tapp H, Grimm DR. The cartilage-derived, C-type lectin (CLECSF1): structure of the gene and chromosomal location. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1999; 1446:193-202. [PMID: 10524194 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4781(99)00087-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cartilage is a tissue that is primarily extracellular matrix, the bulk of which consists of proteoglycan aggregates constrained within a collagen framework. Candidate components that organize the extracellular assembly of the matrix consist of collagens, proteoglycans and multimeric glycoproteins. We describe the human gene structure of a potential organizing factor, a cartilage-derived member of the C-type lectin superfamily (CLECSF1; C-type lectin superfamily) related to the serum protein, tetranectin. We show by Northern analysis that this protein is restricted to cartilage and locate the gene on chromosome 16q23. We have characterized 10.9 kb of sequence upstream of the first exon. Similarly to human tetranectin, there are three exons. The residues that are conserved between CLECSF1 and tetranectin suggest that the cartilage-derived protein forms a trimeric structure similar to that of tetranectin, with three N-terminal alpha-helical domains aggregating through hydrophobic faces. The globular, C-terminal domain that has been shown to bind carbohydrate in some members of the family and plasminogen in tetranectin, is likely to have a similar overall structure to that of tetranectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Neame
- Shriners Hospital for Children, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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