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Ahmad US, Uttagomol J, Wan H. The Regulation of the Hippo Pathway by Intercellular Junction Proteins. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:1792. [PMID: 36362947 PMCID: PMC9696951 DOI: 10.3390/life12111792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The Hippo pathway is an evolutionarily conserved pathway that serves to promote cell death and differentiation while inhibiting cellular proliferation across species. The downstream effectors of this pathway, yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ), are considered vital in promoting the output of the Hippo pathway, with activation of upstream kinases negatively regulating YAP/TAZ activity. The upstream regulation of the Hippo pathway is not entirely understood on a molecular level. However, several studies have shown that numerous cellular and non-cellular mechanisms such as cell polarity, contact inhibition, soluble factors, mechanical forces, and metabolism can convey external stimuli to the intracellular kinase cascade, promoting the activation of key components of the Hippo pathway and therefore regulating the subcellular localisation and protein activity of YAP/TAZ. This review will summarise what we have learnt about the role of intercellular junction-associated proteins in the activation of this pathway, including adherens junctions and tight junctions, and in particular our latest findings about the desmosomal components, including desmoglein-3 (DSG3), in the regulation of YAP signalling, phosphorylation, and subcellular translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usama Sharif Ahmad
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Jutamas Uttagomol
- Oral Diagnosis Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Hong Wan
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
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2
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Wang R, Du Y, Shang J, Dang X, Niu G. PTPN14 acts as a candidate tumor suppressor in prostate cancer and inhibits cell proliferation and invasion through modulating LATS1/YAP signaling. Mol Cell Probes 2020; 53:101642. [PMID: 32645410 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcp.2020.101642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 14 (PTPN14) exerts a profound effect in the progression of multiple malignant tumors. However, whether PTPN14 plays a role in prostate cancer has not been well investigated. Herein, we evaluated the function and potential underlying mechanism of PTPN14 in prostate cancer. Decreased PTPN14 expression was detected in prostate cancer, and restoration of PTPN14 expression in prostate cancer cells inhibited the proliferative and invasive potential. Mechanistically, PTPN14 increased the phosphorylation of Yes-associated protein (YAP) by activation of large tumor suppressor 1 (LATS1), an action that resulted in a significant reduction in YAP-mediated transcriptional activity. Inactivation of YAP by its inhibitor markedly abrogated the PTPN14-knockdown-induced promotion effect on prostate cancer cell proliferation and invasion. Notably, PTPN14 up-regulation also exerted a remarkable suppressive impact on tumorigenesis of prostate cancer in vivo. Taken together, the study reveals a tumor-inhibition role of PTPN14 that represses the proliferation and invasion of prostate cancer by down-regulating YAP activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Wang
- The Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yonghao Du
- The Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jin Shang
- The Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiaomin Dang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, 710061, China
| | - Gang Niu
- The Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi Province, China.
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3
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Díaz-Valdivia NI, Díaz J, Contreras P, Campos A, Rojas-Celis V, Burgos-Ravanal RA, Lobos-González L, Torres VA, Perez VI, Frei B, Leyton L, Quest AFG. The non-receptor tyrosine phosphatase type 14 blocks caveolin-1-enhanced cancer cell metastasis. Oncogene 2020; 39:3693-3709. [PMID: 32152405 PMCID: PMC7190567 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1242-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Caveolin-1 (CAV1) enhanced migration, invasion, and metastasis of cancer cells is inhibited by co-expression of the glycoprotein E-cadherin. Although the two proteins form a multiprotein complex that includes β-catenin, it remained unclear how this would contribute to blocking the metastasis promoting function of CAV1. Here, we characterized by mass spectrometry the protein composition of CAV1 immunoprecipitates from B16F10 murine melanoma cells expressing or not E-cadherin. The novel protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPN14 was identified by mass spectrometry analysis exclusively in co-immunoprecipitates of CAV1 with E-cadherin. Interestingly, PTPN14 is implicated in controlling metastasis, but only few known PTPN14 substrates exist. We corroborated by western blotting experiments that PTPN14 and CAV1 co-inmunoprecipitated in the presence of E-cadherin in B16F10 melanoma and other cancer cells. Moreover, the CAV1(Y14F) mutant protein was shown to co-immunoprecipitate with PTPN14 even in the absence of E-cadherin, and overexpression of PTPN14 reduced CAV1 phosphorylation on tyrosine-14, as well as suppressed CAV1-enhanced cell migration, invasion and Rac-1 activation in B16F10, metastatic colon [HT29(US)] and breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) cell lines. Finally, PTPN14 overexpression in B16F10 cells reduced the ability of CAV1 to induce metastasis in vivo. In summary, we identify here CAV1 as a novel substrate for PTPN14 and show that overexpression of this phosphatase suffices to reduce CAV1-induced metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia I Díaz-Valdivia
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Center for studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge Díaz
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Center for studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Institute for Research in Dental Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pamela Contreras
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Center for studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - América Campos
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Center for studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
| | - Victoria Rojas-Celis
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Center for studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Renato A Burgos-Ravanal
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Center for studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lorena Lobos-González
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Center for studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
| | - Vicente A Torres
- Institute for Research in Dental Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Viviana I Perez
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Balz Frei
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Lisette Leyton
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Center for studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Andrew F G Quest
- Cellular Communication Laboratory, Center for studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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4
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Han X, Sun T, Hong J, Wei R, Dong Y, Huang D, Chen J, Ren X, Zhou H, Tian W, Jia Y. Nonreceptor tyrosine phosphatase 14 promotes proliferation and migration through regulating phosphorylation of YAP of Hippo signaling pathway in gastric cancer cells. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:17723-17730. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu Han
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health Harbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang P.R. China
| | - Tong Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health Harbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang P.R. China
| | - Jia Hong
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health Harbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang P.R. China
| | - Rongrong Wei
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health Harbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang P.R. China
| | - Yingzi Dong
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health Harbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang P.R. China
| | - Di Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health Harbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang P.R. China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health Harbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang P.R. China
| | - Xiyun Ren
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health Harbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang P.R. China
| | - Haibo Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health Harbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang P.R. China
| | - Wenjing Tian
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health Harbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang P.R. China
| | - Yunhe Jia
- Department of Colorectal Cancer Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital Harbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang P.R. China
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Choi J, Saraf A, Florens L, Washburn MP, Busino L. PTPN14 regulates Roquin2 stability by tyrosine dephosphorylation. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:2243-2255. [PMID: 30209976 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2018.1522912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation regulates a variety of cellular signaling pathways and fundamental mechanisms in cells. In this paper, we demonstrate that the mRNA decay factor Roquin2 is phosphorylated at tyrosine residue in position 691 in vivo. This phosphorylation disrupts the interaction with KLHL6, the E3 ligase for Roquin2. Furthermore, we establish that the tyrosine phosphatase PTPN14 specifically interacts with Roquin2 through its phosphatase domain and dephosphorylates Roquin2 tyrosine 691. Overexpression of PTPN14 promotes Roquin2 degradation in a KLHL6-dependant manner by promoting interaction with KLHL6. Collectively, our findings reveal that PTPN14 negatively regulates the protein stability of Roquin2, thereby adding a new layer of regulation to the KLHL6-Roquin2 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaewoo Choi
- a Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Anita Saraf
- b The Stowers Institute of Medical Research , Kansas , MO , USA
| | | | - Michael P Washburn
- b The Stowers Institute of Medical Research , Kansas , MO , USA.,c Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , The University of Kansas Medical Center , Kansas , KS , USA
| | - Luca Busino
- a Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
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The PTPN14 Tumor Suppressor Is a Degradation Target of Human Papillomavirus E7. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.00057-17. [PMID: 28100625 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00057-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of signaling pathways ensuring cell growth is essential for the proliferative competence of human papillomavirus (HPV)-infected cells. Tyrosine kinases and phosphatases are key regulators of cellular growth control pathways. A recently identified potential cellular target of HPV E7 is the cytoplasmic protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPN14, which is a potential tumor suppressor and is linked to the control of the Hippo and Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathways. In this study, we show that the E7 proteins of both high-risk and low-risk mucosal HPV types can interact with PTPN14. This interaction is independent of retinoblastoma protein (pRb) and involves residues in the carboxy-terminal region of E7. We also show that high-risk E7 induces proteasome-mediated degradation of PTPN14 in cells derived from cervical tumors. This degradation appears to be independent of cullin-1 or cullin-2 but most likely involves the UBR4/p600 ubiquitin ligase. The degree to which E7 downregulates PTPN14 would suggest that this interaction is important for the viral life cycle and potentially also for the development of malignancy. In support of this we find that overexpression of PTPN14 decreases the ability of HPV-16 E7 to cooperate with activated EJ-ras in primary cell transformation assays.IMPORTANCE This study links HPV E7 to the deregulation of protein tyrosine phosphatase signaling pathways. PTPN14 is classified as a potential tumor suppressor protein, and here we show that it is very susceptible to HPV E7-induced proteasome-mediated degradation. Intriguingly, this appears to use a mechanism that is different from that employed by E7 to target pRb. Therefore, this study has important implications for our understanding of the molecular basis for E7 function and also sheds important light on the potential role of PTPN14 as a tumor suppressor.
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7
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Laczmanska I, Skiba P, Karpinski P, Bebenek M, Sasiadek MM. Customized Array Comparative Genomic Hybridization Analysis of 25 Phosphatase-encoding Genes in Colorectal Cancer Tissues. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2017; 14:69-74. [PMID: 28031238 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Molecular mechanisms of alterations in protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) genes in cancer have been previously described and include chromosomal aberrations, gene mutations, and epigenetic silencing. However, little is known about small intragenic gains and losses that may lead to either changes in expression or enzyme activity and even loss of protein function. MATERIALS AND METHODS The aim of this study was to investigate 25 phosphatase genes using customized array comparative genomic hybridization in 16 sporadic colorectal cancer tissues. RESULTS The analysis revealed two unique small alterations: of 2 kb in PTPN14 intron 1 and of 1 kb in PTPRJ intron 1. We also found gains and losses of whole PTPs gene sequences covered by large chromosome aberrations. CONCLUSION In our preliminary studies using high-resolution custom microarray we confirmed that PTPs are frequently subjected to whole-gene rearrangements in colorectal cancer, and we revealed that non-polymorphic intragenic changes are rare.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pawel Skiba
- Genetics Department, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Pawel Karpinski
- Genetics Department, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marek Bebenek
- 1st Department of Surgical Oncology, Lower Silesian Oncology Center, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Maria M Sasiadek
- Genetics Department, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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Wilson KE, Yang N, Mussell AL, Zhang J. The Regulatory Role of KIBRA and PTPN14 in Hippo Signaling and Beyond. Genes (Basel) 2016; 7:genes7060023. [PMID: 27240404 PMCID: PMC4929422 DOI: 10.3390/genes7060023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hippo signaling pathway regulates cellular proliferation and survival, thus exerting profound effects on normal cell fate and tumorigenesis. Pivotal effectors of this pathway are YAP/TAZ, transcriptional co-activators whose dysfunction contributes to the development of cancer. Complex networks of intracellular and extracellular signaling pathways that modulate YAP and TAZ activities have recently been identified. Among them, KIBRA and PTPN14 are two evolutionarily-conserved and important YAP/TAZ upstream regulators. They can negatively regulate YAP/TAZ functions separately or in concert. In this review, we summarize the current and emerging regulatory roles of KIBRA and PTPN14 in the Hippo pathway and their functions in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla E Wilson
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
| | - Nuo Yang
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
| | - Ashley L Mussell
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
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9
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Morvaridi S, Dhall D, Greene MI, Pandol SJ, Wang Q. Role of YAP and TAZ in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and in stellate cells associated with cancer and chronic pancreatitis. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16759. [PMID: 26567630 PMCID: PMC4645184 DOI: 10.1038/srep16759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by a fibrotic and inflammatory microenvironment that is formed primarily by activated, myofibroblast-like, stellate cells. Although the stellate cells are thought to contribute to tumorigenesis, metastasis and drug resistance of PDAC, the signaling events involved in activation of the stellate cells are not well defined. Functioning as transcription co-factors, Yes-associated protein (YAP) and its homolog transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) modulate the expression of genes involved in various aspects of cellular functions, such as proliferation and mobility. Using human tissues we show that YAP and TAZ expression is restricted to the centroacinar and ductal cells of normal pancreas, but is elevated in cancer cells. In particular, YAP and TAZ are expressed at high levels in the activated stellate cells of both chronic pancreatitis and PDAC patients as well as in the islets of Langerhans in chronic pancreatitis tissues. Of note, YAP is up regulated in both acinar and ductal cells following induction of acute and chronic pancreatitis in mice. These findings indicate that YAP and TAZ may play a critical role in modulating pancreatic tissue regeneration, neoplastic transformation, and stellate cell functions in both PDAC and pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Morvaridi
- Department of Medicine; Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
- Pancreatic Research Program; Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - Deepti Dhall
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - Mark I. Greene
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Stephen J. Pandol
- Department of Medicine; Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
- Pancreatic Research Program; Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Medicine; Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
- Pancreatic Research Program; Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048
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10
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Belle L, Ali N, Lonic A, Li X, Paltridge JL, Roslan S, Herrmann D, Conway JRW, Gehling FK, Bert AG, Crocker LA, Tsykin A, Farshid G, Goodall GJ, Timpson P, Daly RJ, Khew-Goodall Y. The tyrosine phosphatase PTPN14 (Pez) inhibits metastasis by altering protein trafficking. Sci Signal 2015; 8:ra18. [PMID: 25690013 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2005547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Factors secreted by tumor cells shape the local microenvironment to promote invasion and metastasis, as well as condition the premetastatic niche to enable secondary-site colonization and growth. In addition to this secretome, tumor cells have increased abundance of growth-promoting receptors at the cell surface. We found that the tyrosine phosphatase PTPN14 (also called Pez, which is mutated in various cancers) suppressed metastasis by reducing intracellular protein trafficking through the secretory pathway. Knocking down PTPN14 in tumor cells or injecting the peritoneum of mice with conditioned medium from PTPN14-deficient cell cultures promoted the growth and metastasis of breast cancer xenografts. Loss of catalytically functional PTPN14 increased the secretion of growth factors and cytokines, such as IL-8 (interleukin-8), and increased the abundance of EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) at the cell surface of breast cancer cells and of FLT4 (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3) at the cell surface of primary lymphatic endothelial cells. We identified RIN1 (Ras and Rab interactor 1) and PRKCD (protein kinase C-δ) as binding partners and substrates of PTPN14. Similar to cells overexpressing PTPN14, receptor trafficking to the cell surface was inhibited in cells that lacked PRKCD or RIN1 or expressed a nonphosphorylatable RIN1 mutant, and cytokine secretion was decreased in cells treated with PRKCD inhibitors. Invasive breast cancer tissue had decreased expression of PTPN14, and patient survival was worse when tumors had increased expression of the genes encoding RIN1 or PRKCD. Thus, PTPN14 prevents metastasis by restricting the trafficking of both soluble and membrane-bound proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Belle
- Centre for Cancer Biology, an Alliance between SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia. Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Naveid Ali
- Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Ana Lonic
- Centre for Cancer Biology, an Alliance between SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia. Department of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Xiaochun Li
- Centre for Cancer Biology, an Alliance between SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - James L Paltridge
- Centre for Cancer Biology, an Alliance between SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia. Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Suraya Roslan
- Centre for Cancer Biology, an Alliance between SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - David Herrmann
- Cancer Research Program, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - James R W Conway
- Cancer Research Program, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Freya K Gehling
- Centre for Cancer Biology, an Alliance between SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Andrew G Bert
- Centre for Cancer Biology, an Alliance between SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Lesley A Crocker
- Centre for Cancer Biology, an Alliance between SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Anna Tsykin
- Centre for Cancer Biology, an Alliance between SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Gelareh Farshid
- Division of Tissue Pathology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Gregory J Goodall
- Centre for Cancer Biology, an Alliance between SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia. Department of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia. School and Molecular and Biomedical Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
| | - Paul Timpson
- Cancer Research Program, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia
| | - Roger J Daly
- Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales 2010, Australia. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Yeesim Khew-Goodall
- Centre for Cancer Biology, an Alliance between SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia. Discipline of Biochemistry, School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia. Department of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia.
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11
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Zhang P, Guo A, Possemato A, Wang C, Beard L, Carlin C, Markowitz SD, Polakiewicz RD, Wang Z. Identification and functional characterization of p130Cas as a substrate of protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor 14. Oncogene 2013; 32:2087-95. [PMID: 22710723 PMCID: PMC3631434 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Revised: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 14 (PTPN14) is frequently mutated in a variety of human cancers. However, the cell signaling pathways regulated by PTPN14 largely remain to be elucidated. Here, we identify a list of potential substrates of PTPN14 using a phospho-proteomic approach. We show that p130 Crk-associated substrate (p130Cas) is a direct substrate of PTPN14 and that PTPN14 specifically regulates p130Cas phosphorylation at tyrosine residue 128 (Y128) in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. We engineered CRC cells homozygous for a p130Cas Y128F knock-in mutant and found that these cells exhibit significantly reduced migration and colony formation, impaired anchorage-independent growth, slower xenograft tumor growth in nude mice and have decreased phosphorylation of AKT. Furthermore, we demonstrate that SRC phosphorylates p130Cas Y128 and that CRC cell lines harboring high levels of pY128Cas are more sensitive to SRC family kinase inhibitor Dasatinib. These findings suggest that p130Cas Y128 phosphorylation may be exploited as a predictive marker for Dasatinib response in cancer patients. In aggregate, our studies reveal a novel signaling pathway that has an important role in colorectal tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Ailan Guo
- Cell Signaling Technology Inc., 3 Trask Lane, Danvers, MA 01923
| | | | - Chao Wang
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Lydia Beard
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
- Department of Medicine, Case Medical Center, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Cathleen Carlin
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Sanford D. Markowitz
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
- Department of Medicine, Case Medical Center, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | | | - Zhenghe Wang
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
- Department of Medicine, Case Medical Center, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
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Wang W, Huang J, Wang X, Yuan J, Li X, Feng L, Park JI, Chen J. PTPN14 is required for the density-dependent control of YAP1. Genes Dev 2012; 26:1959-71. [PMID: 22948661 DOI: 10.1101/gad.192955.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Through an shRNA-mediated loss-of-function screen, we identified PTPN14 as a potential tumor suppressor. PTPN14 interacts with yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1), a member of the hippo signaling pathway. We showed that PTPN14 promotes the nucleus-to-cytoplasm translocation of YAP1 during contact inhibition and thus inhibits YAP1 transactivation activity. Interestingly, PTPN14 protein stability was positively controlled by cell density. We identified the CRL2(LRR1) (cullin2 RING ubiquitin ligase complex/leucine-rich repeat protein 1) complex as the E3 ligase that targets PTPN14 for degradation at low cell density. Collectively, these data suggest that PTPN14 acts to suppress cell proliferation by promoting cell density-dependent cytoplasmic translocation of YAP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Wang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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13
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Huang JM, Nagatomo I, Suzuki E, Mizuno T, Kumagai T, Berezov A, Zhang H, Karlan B, Greene MI, Wang Q. YAP modifies cancer cell sensitivity to EGFR and survivin inhibitors and is negatively regulated by the non-receptor type protein tyrosine phosphatase 14. Oncogene 2012; 32:2220-9. [PMID: 22689061 PMCID: PMC3443515 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The Yes-associated protein (YAP) is a transcriptional factor involved in tissue development and tumorigenesis. Although YAP has been recognized as a key element of the Hippo signaling pathway, the mechanisms that regulate YAP activities remain to be fully characterized. In this study, we demonstrate that the non-receptor type protein tyrosine phosphatase 14 (PTPN14) functions as a negative regulator of YAP. We show that YAP forms a protein complex with PTPN14 through the WW domains of YAP and the PPXY motifs of PTPN14. In addition, PTPN14 inhibits YAP-mediated transcriptional activities. Knockdown of YAP sensitizes cancer cells to various anti-cancer agents, such as cisplatin, the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor erlotinib, and the small-molecule antagonist of survivin, S12. YAP-targeted modalities may be used in combination with other cancer drugs to achieve maximal therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-M Huang
- Cedars-Sinai Women's Cancer Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
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14
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Liu X, Yang N, Figel SA, Wilson KE, Morrison CD, Gelman IH, Zhang J. PTPN14 interacts with and negatively regulates the oncogenic function of YAP. Oncogene 2012; 32:1266-73. [PMID: 22525271 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Hippo signaling pathway regulates cellular proliferation and survival, thus exerting profound effects on normal cell fate and tumorigenesis. The pivotal effector of this pathway is YAP, a transcriptional co-activator amplified in mouse and human cancers where it promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and malignant transformation. Here, we report a novel regulatory mechanism for the YAP oncogenic function via direct interaction with non-receptor tyrosine phosphatase 14 (PTPN14) through the WW domain of YAP and the PPxY domain of PTPN14. We also found that YAP is a direct substrate of PTPN14. In addition, luciferase reporter assay showed that the inhibition of the YAP transcriptional co-activator function by PTPN14 is mediated through their protein interactions and may result from an increase in the inactive cytoplasmic form of YAP. Last, knockdown of PTPN14 induces the nuclear retention of YAP and increases the YAP-dependent cell migration. In summary, our results indicate a potential regulatory role of PTPN14 on YAP and demonstrate a novel mechanism in YAP regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Liu
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
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15
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Chao HCA, Chung CL, Pan HA, Liao PC, Kuo PL, Hsu CC. Protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 14 is a novel sperm-motility biomarker. J Assist Reprod Genet 2011; 28:851-61. [PMID: 21701840 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-011-9602-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To understand the molecular basis of sperm-motility and to identify related novel motility biomarkers. METHODS Two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) followed by Reverse-phase-nano-high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (RP-nano-HPLC-ESI-MS/MS) were applied to establish the human sperm proteome. Then the sperm proteome of moderate-motile human sperm fraction and that of good-motile human sperm fraction from pooled spermatozoa of forty normozoospermic donors (Group 1 subjects) were compared to identify the dysregulated proteins. Among these down-regulated proteins, Protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 14 (PTPN14) was chosen to reconfirm by Western blotting and semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. For clinical application, Western blotting and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was performed to compare the expression level of PTPN14 in (Group 2 subjects) nine normozoospermic controls and thirty-three asthenozoospermic patients (including 21 mild asthenozoospermic cases and 12 severe cases). Finally, bioinformatic tools prediction and immunofluorescence assay were performed to elucidate the potential localization of PTPN14. RESULTS The expression levels of three proteins were observed to be lower in the moderate-motile sperm fraction than in good-motile sperm of group 1 subjects. Among three proteins with persistent down-regulation in the moderate-motile sperm, we reconfirmed that the expression level of PTPN14 was significantly lower in both mRNA and protein levels from the moderate-motile sperm fraction. Further, down-regulation of PTPN14 was found at the translational and transcriptional level in the asthenozoospermic men. Finally, Bioinformatic tools prediction and immunofluorescence assay showed that PTPN14 maybe predominantly localized at the mitochondria in the midpiece of human ejaculated sperm. CONCLUSIONS Proteomics tools were applied to identify three possible sperm motility-related proteins. Among these proteins, PTPN14 was highly likely a novel sperm-motility biomarker and a potential mitochondrial protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Chih Albert Chao
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine and Hospital, Dou-Liou Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan
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16
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Au AC, Hernandez PA, Lieber E, Nadroo AM, Shen YM, Kelley KA, Gelb BD, Diaz GA. Protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPN14 is a regulator of lymphatic function and choanal development in humans. Am J Hum Genet 2010; 87:436-44. [PMID: 20826270 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2010] [Revised: 08/03/2010] [Accepted: 08/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The lymphatic vasculature is essential for the recirculation of extracellular fluid, fat absorption, and immune function and as a route of tumor metastasis. The dissection of molecular mechanisms underlying lymphangiogenesis has been accelerated by the identification of tissue-specific lymphatic endothelial markers and the study of congenital lymphedema syndromes. We report the results of genetic analyses of a kindred inheriting a unique autosomal-recessive lymphedema-choanal atresia syndrome. These studies establish linkage of the trait to chromosome 1q32-q41 and identify a loss-of-function mutation in PTPN14, which encodes a nonreceptor tyrosine phosphatase. The causal role of PTPN14 deficiency was confirmed by the generation of a murine Ptpn14 gene trap model that manifested lymphatic hyperplasia with lymphedema. Biochemical studies revealed a potential interaction between PTPN14 and the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (VEGFR3), a receptor tyrosine kinase essential for lymphangiogenesis. These results suggest a unique and conserved role for PTPN14 in the regulation of lymphatic development in mammals and a nonconserved role in choanal development in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey C Au
- Department of Genetics & Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
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17
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Barr AJ, Ugochukwu E, Lee WH, King ON, Filippakopoulos P, Alfano I, Savitsky P, Burgess-Brown NA, Müller S, Knapp S. Large-scale structural analysis of the classical human protein tyrosine phosphatome. Cell 2009; 136:352-63. [PMID: 19167335 PMCID: PMC2638020 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2008.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 358] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2008] [Revised: 09/15/2008] [Accepted: 11/20/2008] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) play a critical role in regulating cellular functions by selectively dephosphorylating their substrates. Here we present 22 human PTP crystal structures that, together with prior structural knowledge, enable a comprehensive analysis of the classical PTP family. Despite their largely conserved fold, surface properties of PTPs are strikingly diverse. A potential secondary substrate-binding pocket is frequently found in phosphatases, and this has implications for both substrate recognition and development of selective inhibitors. Structural comparison identified four diverse catalytic loop (WPD) conformations and suggested a mechanism for loop closure. Enzymatic assays revealed vast differences in PTP catalytic activity and identified PTPD1, PTPD2, and HDPTP as catalytically inert protein phosphatases. We propose a “head-to-toe” dimerization model for RPTPγ/ζ that is distinct from the “inhibitory wedge” model and that provides a molecular basis for inhibitory regulation. This phosphatome resource gives an expanded insight into intrafamily PTP diversity, catalytic activity, substrate recognition, and autoregulatory self-association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair J. Barr
- University of Oxford, Structural Genomics Consortium, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
- Corresponding author
| | - Emilie Ugochukwu
- University of Oxford, Structural Genomics Consortium, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Wen Hwa Lee
- University of Oxford, Structural Genomics Consortium, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Oliver N.F. King
- University of Oxford, Structural Genomics Consortium, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Panagis Filippakopoulos
- University of Oxford, Structural Genomics Consortium, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Ivan Alfano
- University of Oxford, Structural Genomics Consortium, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Pavel Savitsky
- University of Oxford, Structural Genomics Consortium, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Nicola A. Burgess-Brown
- University of Oxford, Structural Genomics Consortium, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Susanne Müller
- University of Oxford, Structural Genomics Consortium, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Stefan Knapp
- University of Oxford, Structural Genomics Consortium, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
- University of Oxford, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
- Corresponding author
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasneem Motiwala
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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19
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Barr AJ, Debreczeni JE, Eswaran J, Knapp S. Crystal structure of human protein tyrosine phosphatase 14 (PTPN14) at 1.65-A resolution. Proteins 2006; 63:1132-6. [PMID: 16534812 DOI: 10.1002/prot.20958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alastair J Barr
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Botnar Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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20
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Chen Y, Perry D, Boackle SA, Sobel ES, Molina H, Croker BP, Morel L. Several Genes Contribute to the Production of Autoreactive B and T Cells in the Murine Lupus Susceptibility Locus Sle1c. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2005; 175:1080-9. [PMID: 16002709 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.175.2.1080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The systemic lupus erythematosus 1 (Sle1) locus mediates the loss of tolerance to nuclear Ags in the NZM2410 mouse model of lupus through intrinsic defects in both B and T cells. Congenic analysis has shown that Sle1 corresponds to at least three genetic loci, Sle1a, Sle1b, and Sle1c. Telomeric Sle1c is associated with abnormal B cell responses to subthreshold stimulation with anti-IgM and C3d and with decreased T-dependent humoral immune responses. We have proposed that these phenotypes resulted from polymorphisms in the C3 complement receptor Cr2 gene. We have also found that Sle1c was associated with the production of histone-specific autoreactive CD4(+) T cells, which correlated with higher activation and proliferative responses, and a reduction in the CD4(+)CD25(+)CD62L(+)forkhead/winged helix transcription factor gene (Foxp3(+)) compartment. In this study we showed, using congenic recombinants, that the decreased humoral immune response and impaired GC formation map to the NZM2410 Cr2 allele. A chronic graft-vs-host disease model also showed that Sle1c produces significantly more autoreactive B cells than B6 controls, and that this phenotype maps to two regions excluding the Cr2 gene. Mixed bone marrow chimera demonstrated that the increased activation, proliferative response, and reduced regulatory T cell compartment were intrinsic to Sle1c-expressing CD4(+) T cells. These phenotypes mapped to the same two loci identified with the chronic graft-vs-host disease model, excluding the Cr2 region. Overall, these results show that Sle1c results in the production of autoreactive B and T cells through the expression of three different genes, one of which is consistent with Cr2, based on the phenotypes of the Cr2-deficient mice, and the other two corresponding to as yet unidentified genes.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- B-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- B-Lymphocyte Subsets/pathology
- B-Lymphocyte Subsets/radiation effects
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Differentiation/immunology
- Chromosome Mapping
- Female
- Genetic Markers/immunology
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Germinal Center/immunology
- Germinal Center/pathology
- Graft vs Host Disease/genetics
- Graft vs Host Disease/immunology
- Immunoglobulin G/biosynthesis
- Immunoglobulin M/biosynthesis
- Immunophenotyping
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/genetics
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/immunology
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Congenic
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred NZB
- Radiation Chimera
- Receptors, Complement 3d/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Complement 3d/deficiency
- Receptors, Complement 3d/genetics
- Recombination, Genetic/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/pathology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/radiation effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifang Chen
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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21
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Ballestar E, Paz MF, Valle L, Wei S, Fraga MF, Espada J, Cigudosa JC, Huang THM, Esteller M. Methyl-CpG binding proteins identify novel sites of epigenetic inactivation in human cancer. EMBO J 2004; 22:6335-45. [PMID: 14633992 PMCID: PMC291845 DOI: 10.1093/emboj/cdg604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Methyl-CpG binding proteins (MBDs) mediate histone deacetylase-dependent transcriptional silencing at methylated CpG islands. Using chromatin immunoprecitation (ChIP) we have found that gene-specific profiles of MBDs exist for hypermethylated promoters of breast cancer cells, whilst a common pattern of histone modifications is shared. This unique distribution of MBDs is also characterized in chromosomes by comparative genomic hybridization of immunoprecipitated DNA and immunolocalization. Most importantly, we demonstrate that MBD association to methylated DNA serves to identify novel targets of epigenetic inactivation in human cancer. We combined the ChIP assay of MBDs with a CpG island microarray (ChIP on chip). The scenario revealed shows that, while many genes are regulated by multiple MBDs, others are associated with a single MBD. These target genes displayed methylation- associated transcriptional silencing in breast cancer cells and primary tumours. The candidates include the homeobox gene PAX6, the prolactin hormone receptor, and dipeptidylpeptidase IV among others. Our results support an essential role for MBDs in gene silencing and, when combined with genomic strategies, their potential to 'catch' new hypermethylated genes in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Ballestar
- Epigenetics Laboratory, Molecular Pathology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Melchor Fernández Almagro 3, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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22
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Knowlton MN, Chan BMC, Kelly GM. The zebrafish band 4.1 member Mir is involved in cell movements associated with gastrulation. Dev Biol 2003; 264:407-29. [PMID: 14651927 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2003.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cellular processes rely on dynamic events occurring between the cortical cytoskeleton and plasma membrane. Members of the Band 4.1 superfamily, which are best known for their ability to tether the cytoskeleton to the plasma membrane, play prominent structural and regulatory roles that influence cell-cell and cell-substrate interactions, endo- and exocytosis, cell polarity, migration, proliferation, and differentiation. We have identified a new member of the zebrafish Band 4.1 superfamily, which is the homolog of human myosin regulatory light chain interacting protein (MIR), and have examined its role in embryonic development. Zebrafish Mir contains the conserved amino-terminal plasma membrane-binding FERM (Band 4.1/ezrin/radixin/moesin) domain as well as other putative protein-protein interacting domains, including a RING finger. Overall, zebrafish Mir is 71% identical to human MIR located at chromosome 6p23-p22.3, and maps on linkage group 19 to a region of synteny with human chromosome 6. In situ hybridization and RT-PCR revealed that mir is expressed maternally and ubiquitously throughout development. Blocking Mir translation using a mir-specific, morpholino-based, knock-down strategy or expressing Mir constructs lacking the RING finger domain disrupts gastrulation and leads to subsequent trunk and tail defects. In severe cases, morphants exogastrulate. The synergistic effect seen when two mir-specific morpholinos are used in conjunction reflects the specific knock-down of mir. In addition, morphant phenotypes induced by mir-specific morpholinos are rescued by overexpression of the full-length Mir. In situ hybridization analysis with mesodermal- and neural-specific markers shows that morphants exhibit a delay in cell movements associated with gastrulation, epiboly, convergence, and extension. A yeast two-hybrid analysis was performed to identify binding partners that may participate with Mir during gastrulation, and Annexin V, a calcium channel protein, was isolated. At early developmental stages, annexin V transcripts colocalize with mir, but after gastrulation, annexin V mRNA becomes localized to the distal tail region and an area in the olfactory placode. At the protein level, Mir colocalizes with Annexin V when expressed in COS cells. Together, these results indicate that Mir is essential for embryonic development and that its role in early embryonic development likely involves calcium-dependent mechanisms essential during the extensive cell movements associated with gastrulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle N Knowlton
- Department of Biology, Molecular Genetics Unit, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A 5B7
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23
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Abstract
Changes in protein tyrosine phosphorylation are an essential aspect of egg activation after fertilization. Such changes result from the net contributions of both tyrosine kinases and phosphatases (PTP). This study was conducted to determine what role(s) PTP may have in egg activation. We identified four novel PTP in Chaetopterus pergamentaceus oocytes, cpPTPNT6, cpPTPNT7, cpPTPR2B, and cpPTPR2A, that have significant homology to, respectively, human PTPsigma, -rho, -D2 and -BAS. The first two are cytosolic and the latter two are transmembrane. Several PTP inhibitors were tested to see if they would affect Chaetopterus pergamentaceus fertilization. Eggs treated with beta-bromo-4-hydroxyacetophenone (PTP inhibitor 1) exhibited microvillar elongation, which is a sign of cortical changes resulting from activation. Those treated with Na3VO4 underwent full parthenogenetic activation, including polar body formation and pseudocleavage and did so independently of extracellular Ca2+, which is required for the Ca2+ oscillations that initiate development after fertilization. Fluorescence microscopy identified phosphotyrosine-containing proteins in the cortex and around the nucleus of vanadate-activated eggs, whereas in fertilized eggs they were concentrated only in the cortex. Immunoblots of vanadate-activated and fertilized eggs showed tyrosine hyperphosphorylation of approximately 140 kDa protein. These results suggest that PTP most likely maintain the egg in an inactive state by dephosphorylation of proteins independent of the Ca2+ oscillations in the activation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shantá D Hinton
- Department of Biology, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA
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24
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Bompard G, Martin M, Roy C, Vignon F, Freiss G. Membrane targeting of protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPL1 through its FERM domain via binding to phosphatidylinositol 4,5-biphosphate. J Cell Sci 2003; 116:2519-30. [PMID: 12766187 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.00448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PTPL1 is the largest known cytoplasmic protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) containing a FERM (four point-1, ezrin, radixin and moesin) domain. Enzyme localization and PTP-substrate specificity are thought to play crucial roles in the regulation of PTP activity, which determines their functions. Here we report that PTPL1 is predominantly localized at the apical face of plasma membrane enriched in dorsal microvilli when expressed in HeLa cells. By comparing localization of the full-length enzyme with its FERM domain or FERM-deleted PTPL1 construct, we first concluded that PTPL1-FERM domain is necessary and sufficient to address the wild-type enzyme at the membrane. Two potential phosphatidylinositol 4,5-biphosphate [PtdIns(4,5)P2]-binding motifs were identified within the PTPL1-FERM sequence. We further showed that mutation of both sites altered PTPL1 localization similarly to FERM domain deletion, and impaired its subcellular distribution as confirmed biochemically by cell-fractionation experiments. Using protein-lipid overlays, we demonstrated an interaction of the FERM domain of PTPL1 with PtdIns(4,5)P2, which was lost after mutation of potential PtdIns(4,5)P2-binding motifs. Moreover, neomycin, which masks PtdIns(4,5)P2 polar heads, was shown to decrease by 50% the association of PTPL1 with the cytoskeletal fraction. These results identify the crucial role of the FERM domain in PTPL1 intracellular targeting and demonstrate that localization of PTPL1 is regulated by phosphoinositide metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Bompard
- Inserm U540, Endocrinologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire des Cancers, Montpellier, France.
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25
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Uchida Y, Ogata M, Mori Y, Oh-hora M, Hatano N, Hamaoka T. Localization of PTP-FERM in nerve processes through its FERM domain. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2002; 292:13-9. [PMID: 11890665 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2002.6613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PTP-FERM is a protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) of Caenorhabditis elegans containing a FERM domain and a PDZ domain. Here we report the characterization of PTP-FERM and the essential role of its FERM domain in the localization of PTP-FERM in the worm. There are at least three alternatively spliced PTP-FERM isoforms, all of which contain a band 4.1/FERM domain, a PDZ domain, and a catalytic domain. PTP-FERM possessed phosphatase activity. PTP-FERM was expressed predominantly in neurons in the nerve ring and the ventral nerve cord. PTP-FERM was found in the nerve processes and to be enriched in the peri-membrane region. Studies using various deletion mutants revealed that the FERM domain was essential and sufficient for the subcellular localization. These results suggest the essential role of the FERM domain in the function of PTP-FERM in the neurons of C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohzo Uchida
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine (C6), 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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26
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Mitra SK, Swarup G. Inhibition of anchorage-independent cell growth, adhesion, and cyclin D1 gene expression by a dominant negative mutant of a tyrosine phosphatase. Exp Cell Res 2001; 270:32-44. [PMID: 11597125 DOI: 10.1006/excr.2001.5313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PTP-S4/TC48 protein tyrosine phosphatase is localized in the nuclear and cytoplasmic membranes. To investigate the role of PTP-S4 in cell growth, adhesion, and transformation, normal and a catalytically inactive mutant form of this phosphatase were expressed in polyoma virus-transformed F111 fibroblast cell line, PyF. Expression of mutant PTP-S4 in PyF cells resulted in strong inhibition of anchorage-independent growth in soft agar but had no significant effect on growth in liquid culture. Tumor formation in nude mice was also reduced by mutant PTP-S4. Expression of normal PTP-S4 in PyF cells significantly increased anchorage-independent cell growth and tumor formation in nude mice. Overexpression of catalytically inactive mutant of PTP-S2/TC45 (a splice variant of PTP-S4 that is nuclear) did not inhibit anchorage-independent growth of PyF cells. Mutant PTP-S4-expressing cells were inhibited in adhesion and spreading on tissue culture plates compared to control cells. Expression of mutant PTP-S4 in PyF cells reduced the levels of cyclin D1 and cyclin A mRNA, whereas cyclin D2 mRNA level was not affected significantly. Expression of antisense cyclin D1 strongly inhibited anchorage-independent growth. Inhibition of anchorage-independent growth by mutant PTP-S4 was overcome to a large extent by coexpression of cyclin D1. These results suggest that mutant PTP-S4 inhibits anchorage-independent growth and adhesion of polyoma virus-transformed cells by interfering with the normal function of PTP-S4 upstream of cyclin D1 gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Mitra
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
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27
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Edwards K, Davis T, Marcey D, Kurihara J, Yamamoto D. Comparative analysis of the Band 4.1/ezrin-related protein tyrosine phosphatase Pez from two Drosophila species: implications for structure and function. Gene 2001; 275:195-205. [PMID: 11587846 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1119(01)00686-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The FERM-PTPs are a group of proteins that have FERM (Band 4.1, ezrin, radixin, moesin homology) domains at or near their N-termini, and PTP (protein tyrosine phosphatase) domains at their C-termini. Their central regions contain either PSD-95, Dlg, ZO-1 homology domains or putative Src homology 3 domain binding sites. The known FERM-PTPs fall into three distinct classes, which we name BAS, MEG, and PEZ, after representative human PTPs. Here we analyze Pez, a novel gene encoding the single PEZ-class protein present in Drosophila. Pez cDNAs were sequenced from the distantly related flies Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila silvestris, and found to be highly conserved except in the central region, which contains at least 21 insertions and deletions. Comparison of fly and human Pez reveals several short conserved motifs in the central region that are likely protein binding sites and/or phosphorylation sites. We also identified novel invertebrate members of the BAS and MEG classes using genome data, and generated an alignment of vertebrate and invertebrate FERM domains of each class. 'Specialized' residues were identified that are conserved only within a given class of PTPs. These residues highlight surface regions that may bind class-specific ligands; for PEZ, these residues cluster on and near FERM subdomain F1. Finally, the PTP domain of fly Pez was modeled based on known PTP tertiary structures, and we conclude that Pez is likely a functional phosphatase despite some unusual features of the active site cleft sequences. Biochemical confirmation of this hypothesis and genetic analysis of Pez are currently underway.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Edwards
- Department of Biological Sciences, Illinois State University, Normal, IL 61790-4120, USA.
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Xu F, Zhao R, Peng Y, Guerrah A, Zhao ZJ. Association of tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2 with F-actin at low cell densities. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:29479-84. [PMID: 11382784 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m104428200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
SHP-2 is an intracellular SH2 domain-containing protein-tyrosine phosphatase with an essential role in cell signaling. Here we demonstrate that localization of SHP-2 is regulated by cell density in a cell adhesion-dependent manner. When cells were plated at low densities, SHP-2 was distributed in Triton X-100-insoluble fractions, whereas it was totally soluble when cells were plated at high densities or when low density cells approached confluency. In all cases, the total protein level of SHP-2 was not changed. Fluorescent cell staining revealed that SHP-2 was co-localized with actin stress fibers to the cell peripheral at low cell densities but was diffused in the entire cytoplasm at high cell densities. Transient transfection of cells with truncated forms of SHP-2 demonstrated that the catalytic domain of the enzyme was responsible for the density-regulated distribution of SHP-2, but the catalytic activity was not required. An in vitro co-sedimentation study demonstrated direct binding of full-length and SH2 domain-truncated forms of SHP-2 to F-actin. The data indicate that SHP-2 is regulated by cell density and that it may have a role in assembling and disassembling of the actin network.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Xu
- Department of Medicine/Hematology-Oncology, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6305, USA
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29
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Wadham C, Gamble JR, Vadas MA, Khew-Goodall Y. Translocation of protein tyrosine phosphatase Pez/PTPD2/PTP36 to the nucleus is associated with induction of cell proliferation. J Cell Sci 2000; 113 ( Pt 17):3117-23. [PMID: 10934049 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.113.17.3117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pez is a non-transmembrane tyrosine phosphatase with homology to the FERM (4.1, ezrin, radixin, moesin) family of proteins. The subcellular localisation of Pez in endothelial cells was found to be regulated by cell density and serum concentration. In confluent monolayers Pez was cytoplasmic, but in cells cultured at low density Pez was nuclear, suggesting that it is a nuclear protein in proliferating cells. This notion is supported by the loss of nuclear Pez when cells are serum-starved to induce quiescence, and the rapid return of Pez to the nucleus upon refeeding with serum to induce proliferation. Vascular endothelial cells normally exist as a quiescent confluent monolayer but become proliferative during angiogenesis or upon vascular injury. Using a ‘wound’ assay to mimic these events in vitro, Pez was found to be nuclear in the cells that had migrated and were proliferative at the ‘wound’ edge. TGFbeta, which inhibits cell proliferation but not migration, inhibited the translocation of Pez to the nucleus in the cells at the ‘wound’ edge, further strengthening the argument that Pez plays a role in the nucleus during cell proliferation. Together, the data presented indicate that Pez is a nuclear tyrosine phosphatase that may play a role in cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Wadham
- Hanson Centre for Cancer Research, Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science, Frome Road, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
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Aoyama K, Matsuda T, Aoki N. Characterization of newly identified four isoforms for a putative cytosolic protein tyrosine phosphatase PTP36. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1999; 266:523-31. [PMID: 10600535 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1999.1845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In the course of determining the expression profiles of protein tyrosine phosphatases in lactating mammary gland, we found the expression of an isoform for a putative cytosolic and cytoskeleton-associated protein tyrosine phosphatase PTP36. Further detailed RT-PCR and Northern blot analyses revealed the expression of several isoforms for PTP36 in a tissue-dependent manner. We have cloned the cDNAs encoding four truncated isoforms for PTP36 and designated PTP36-A, -B, -C, and -D, respectively. PTP36-A and -C had new sequences generated due to frameshift, whereas PTP36-B and -D were in-frame variants. Gly- and Glu-rich domains and a putative PTP domain were missing from PTP36-A, but the band 4.1 domain remained. PTP36-B retained the band 4.1 and PTP domains but lacked Pro-, Gly- and Glu-rich domains. Most domain structures were lacking in PTP36-C and -D. Interestingly, PTP36-C contained an incomplete band 4.1 domain, but the newly created sequence exhibited high homology to human nebulette, which was also suggested to associate with cytoskeletons. When transiently expressed in COS7 and HEK293 cells, not only the wild type but also all the isoforms were recovered in Triton X-100-insoluble cytoskeleton-associated fractions and this distribution was not affected by mechanical cell detachment and treatment with a kinase inhibitor staurosporine. Such cellular distribution of PTP36 was also observed in stable COS7 clones. Further studies using deletion mutants suggested that the first 30 amino acids as well as the band 4.1 domain of PTP36 were involved in association with Triton X-100 insoluble cytoskeletons. Tissue-dependent expression and deletion in domain structures might reflect the biological significance of the isoforms for PTP36 in certain physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Aoyama
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
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Ogata M, Takada T, Mori Y, Uchida Y, Miki T, Okuyama A, Kosugi A, Sawada M, Oh-hora M, Hamaoka T. Regulation of phosphorylation level and distribution of PTP36, a putative protein tyrosine phosphatase, by cell-substrate adhesion. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:20717-24. [PMID: 10400706 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.29.20717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently we have cloned a putative protein tyrosine phosphatase, PTP36/PTPD2/pez, which possesses a domain homologous to the N-terminal half of band 4.1 protein. In mouse fibroblasts adhered to substrates, PTP36 was phosphorylated on serine residues. PTP36 was found to make complexes with serine/threonine kinase(s), which phosphorylated PTP36 in vitro. PTP36 was dephosphorylated rapidly when the cell-substrate adhesion was disrupted and it was phosphorylated again along with the reattachment of the cells to fibronectin. Rephosphorylation of PTP36 seemed to depend on actin polymerization since it was inhibited by cytochalasin D. The cell detachment also induced the translocation of PTP36 into the membrane-associated cytoskeletal fraction. Staurosporine and ML-9, which inhibited the phosphorylation of PTP36 in vivo, induced the translocation of PTP36 too. On the contrary, when the dephosphorylation of PTP36 was inhibited by okadaic acid, no translocation of PTP36 was induced by the cell detachment. These results demonstrate that the cell-substrate adhesion and cell spreading regulates the intracellular localization of PTP36 most likely through its phosphorylation and therefore, PTP36 may play important roles in the signal transduction pathway of cell-adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ogata
- Department of Oncology, Biomedical Research Center, Osaka University Medical School, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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