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Hanzlova M, Slavikova B, Morozovova M, Musilek K, Rotterova A, Zemanová L, Kudova E. C-3 Steroidal Hemiesters as Inhibitors of 17β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 10. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:12116-12124. [PMID: 38496976 PMCID: PMC10938439 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c10148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
17β-HSD10 is a mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes the steroidal oxidation of a hydroxy group to a keto group and, thus, is involved in maintaining steroid homeostasis. The druggability of 17β-HSD10 is related to potential treatment for neurodegenerative diseases, for example, Alzheimer's disease or cancer. Herein, steroidal derivatives with an acidic hemiester substituent at position C-3 on the skeleton were designed, synthesized, and evaluated by using pure recombinant 17β-HSD10 converting 17β-estradiol to estrone. Compounds 22 (IC50 = 6.95 ± 0.35 μM) and 23 (IC50 = 5.59 ± 0.25 μM) were identified as the most potent inhibitors from the series. Compound 23 inhibited 17β-HSD10 activity regardless of the substrate. It was found not cytotoxic toward the HEK-293 cell line and able to inhibit 17β-HSD10 activity also in the cellular environment. Together, these findings support steroidal compounds as promising candidates for further development as 17β-HSD10 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Hanzlova
- Faculty
of Science, Department of Chemistry, University
of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Slavikova
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech
Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo namesti 2, Prague 6 166 10, Czech Republic
| | - Marina Morozovova
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech
Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo namesti 2, Prague 6 166 10, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Musilek
- Faculty
of Science, Department of Chemistry, University
of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Aneta Rotterova
- Faculty
of Science, Department of Chemistry, University
of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Zemanová
- Faculty
of Science, Department of Chemistry, University
of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Kudova
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech
Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo namesti 2, Prague 6 166 10, Czech Republic
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2
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Rossmanith W, Giegé P, Hartmann RK. Discovery, structure, mechanisms, and evolution of protein-only RNase P enzymes. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105731. [PMID: 38336295 PMCID: PMC10941002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.105731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The endoribonuclease RNase P is responsible for tRNA 5' maturation in all domains of life. A unique feature of RNase P is the variety of enzyme architectures, ranging from dual- to multi-subunit ribonucleoprotein forms with catalytic RNA subunits to protein-only enzymes, the latter occurring as single- or multi-subunit forms or homo-oligomeric assemblies. The protein-only enzymes evolved twice: a eukaryal protein-only RNase P termed PRORP and a bacterial/archaeal variant termed homolog of Aquifex RNase P (HARP); the latter replaced the RNA-based enzyme in a small group of thermophilic bacteria but otherwise coexists with the ribonucleoprotein enzyme in a few other bacteria as well as in those archaea that also encode a HARP. Here we summarize the history of the discovery of protein-only RNase P enzymes and review the state of knowledge on structure and function of bacterial HARPs and eukaryal PRORPs, including human mitochondrial RNase P as a paradigm of multi-subunit PRORPs. We also describe the phylogenetic distribution and evolution of PRORPs, as well as possible reasons for the spread of PRORPs in the eukaryal tree and for the recruitment of two additional protein subunits to metazoan mitochondrial PRORP. We outline potential applications of PRORPs in plant biotechnology and address diseases associated with mutations in human mitochondrial RNase P genes. Finally, we consider possible causes underlying the displacement of the ancient RNA enzyme by a protein-only enzyme in a small group of bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Rossmanith
- Center for Anatomy & Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Philippe Giegé
- Institute for Plant Molecular Biology, IBMP-CNRS, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Roland K Hartmann
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
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3
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He XY, Frackowiak J, Dobkin C, Brown WT, Yang SY. Involvement of Type 10 17β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase in the Pathogenesis of Infantile Neurodegeneration and Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17604. [PMID: 38139430 PMCID: PMC10743717 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 10 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD10) is the HSD17B10 gene product playing an appreciable role in cognitive functions. It is the main hub of exercise-upregulated mitochondrial proteins and is involved in a variety of metabolic pathways including neurosteroid metabolism to regulate allopregnanolone homeostasis. Deacetylation of 17β-HSD10 by sirtuins helps regulate its catalytic activities. 17β-HSD10 may also play a critical role in the control of mitochondrial structure, morphology and dynamics by acting as a member of the Parkin/PINK1 pathway, and by binding to cyclophilin D to open mitochondrial permeability pore. 17β-HSD10 also serves as a component of RNase P necessary for mitochondrial tRNA maturation. This dehydrogenase can bind with the Aβ peptide thereby enhancing neurotoxicity to brain cells. Even in the absence of Aβ, its quantitative and qualitative variations can result in neurodegeneration. Since elevated levels of 17β-HSD10 were found in brain cells of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and mouse AD models, it is considered to be a key factor in AD pathogenesis. Since data underlying Aβ-binding-alcohol dehydrogenase (ABAD) were not secured from reported experiments, ABAD appears to be a fabricated alternative term for the HSD17B10 gene product. Results of this study would encourage researchers to solve the question why elevated levels of 17β-HSD10 are present in brains of AD patients and mouse AD models. Searching specific inhibitors of 17β-HSD10 may find candidates to reduce senile neurodegeneration and open new approaches for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ying He
- Department of Molecular Biology, NYS Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA
| | - Jannusz Frackowiak
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, NYS Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA
| | - Carl Dobkin
- Department of Human Genetics, NYS Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA
| | - William Ted Brown
- Department of Human Genetics, NYS Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA
| | - Song-Yu Yang
- Department of Molecular Biology, NYS Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA
- Ph.D. Program in Biology-Neuroscience, Graduate Center of the City, University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
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4
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Schmidt M, Vaskova M, Rotterova A, Fiandova P, Miskerikova M, Zemanova L, Benek O, Musilek K. Physiologically relevant fluorescent assay for identification of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 10 inhibitors. J Neurochem 2023; 167:154-167. [PMID: 37458164 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial enzyme 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 10 (HSD10) is a potential molecular target for treatment of mitochondrial-related disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Its over-expression in AD brains is one of the critical factors disturbing the homeostasis of neuroprotective steroids and exacerbating amyloid beta (Aβ)-mediated mitochondrial toxicity and neuronal stress. This study was focused on revalidation of the most potent HSD10 inhibitors derived from benzothiazolyl urea scaffold using fluorescent-based enzymatic assay with physiologically relevant substrates of 17β-oestradiol and allopregnanolone. The oestradiol-based assay led to the identification of two nanomolar inhibitors (IC50 70 and 346 nM) differing from HSD10 hits revealed from the formerly used assay. Both identified inhibitors were found to be effective also in allopregnanolone-based assay with non-competitive or uncompetitive mode of action. In addition, both inhibitors were confirmed to penetrate the HEK293 cells and they were able to inhibit the HSD10 enzyme in the cellular environment. Both molecules seem to be potential lead structures for further research and development of HDS10 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Vaskova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Aneta Rotterova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Pavlina Fiandova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Miskerikova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Zemanova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Benek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Musilek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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5
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He XY, Dobkin C, Brown WT, Yang SY. Infantile Neurodegeneration Results from Mutants of 17β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 10 Rather Than Aβ-Binding Alcohol Dehydrogenase. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108487. [PMID: 37239833 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 10 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD10), a homo-tetrameric multifunctional protein with 1044 residues encoded by the HSD17B10 gene, is necessary for brain cognitive function. Missense mutations result in infantile neurodegeneration, an inborn error in isoleucine metabolism. A 5-methylcytosine hotspot underlying a 388-T transition leads to the HSD10 (p.R130C) mutant to be responsible for approximately half of all cases suffering with this mitochondrial disease. Fewer females suffer with this disease due to X-inactivation. The binding capability of this dehydrogenase to Aβ-peptide may play a role in Alzheimer's disease, but it appears unrelated to infantile neurodegeneration. Research on this enzyme was complicated by reports of a purported Aβ-peptide-binding alcohol dehydrogenase (ABAD), formerly referred to as endoplasmic-reticulum-associated Aβ-binding protein (ERAB). Reports concerning both ABAD and ERAB in the literature reflect features inconsistent with the known functions of 17β-HSD10. It is clarified here that ERAB is reportedly a longer subunit of 17β-HSD10 (262 residues). 17β-HSD10 exhibits L-3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity and is thus also referred to in the literature as short-chain 3-hydorxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase or type II 3-hydorxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase. However, 17β-HSD10 is not involved in ketone body metabolism, as reported in the literature for ABAD. Reports in the literature referring to ABAD (i.e., 17β-HSD10) as a generalized alcohol dehydrogenase, relying on data underlying ABAD's activities, were found to be unreproducible. Furthermore, the rediscovery of ABAD/ERAB's mitochondrial localization did not cite any published research on 17β-HSD10. Clarification of the purported ABAD/ERAB function derived from these reports on ABAD/ERAB may invigorate this research field and encourage new approaches to the understanding and treatment of HSD17B10-gene-related disorders. We establish here that infantile neurodegeneration is caused by mutants of 17β-HSD10 but not ABAD, and so we conclude that ABAD represents a misnomer employed in high-impact journals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ying He
- Department of Molecular Biology, NYS Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA
| | - Carl Dobkin
- Department of Human Genetics, NYS Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA
| | - William Ted Brown
- Central Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney 2006, Australia
| | - Song-Yu Yang
- Department of Molecular Biology, NYS Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA
- Ph.D. Program in Biology-Neuroscience, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, USA
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6
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He XY, Dobkin C, Brown WT, Yang SY. 3-Hydroxyacyl-CoA and Alcohol Dehydrogenase Activities of Mitochondrial Type 10 17β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase in Neurodegeneration Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 88:1487-1497. [PMID: 35786658 PMCID: PMC9484088 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Mitochondrial 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 10 (17β-HSD10) is necessary for brain cognitive function, but its studies were confounded by reports of Aβ-peptide binding alcohol dehydrogenase (ABAD), formerly endoplasmic reticulum-associated Aβ-peptide binding protein (ERAB), for two decades so long as ABAD serves as the alternative term of 17β-HSD10. Objective: To determine whether those ABAD reports are true or false, even if they were published in prestigious journals. Methods: 6xHis-tagged 17β-HSD10 was prepared and characterized by well-established experimental procedures. Results: The N-terminal 6xHis tag did not significantly interfere with the dehydrogenase activities of 17β-HSD10, but the kinetic constants of its 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity are drastically distinct from those of ABAD, and it was not involved in ketone body metabolism as previously reported for ABAD. Furthermore, it was impossible to measure its generalized alcohol dehydrogenase activities underlying the concept of ABAD because the experimental procedures described in ABAD reports violated basic chemical and/or biochemical principles. More incredibly, both authors and journals had not yet agreed to make any corrigenda of ABAD reports. Conclusion: Brain 17β-HSD10 plays a key role in neurosteroid metabolism and further studies in this area may lead to potential treatments of neurodegeneration including AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ying He
- Department of Molecular Biology, NYS Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Carl Dobkin
- Department of Human Genetics, NYS Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - W Ted Brown
- Department of Human Genetics, NYS Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA.,Central Clinical School, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Song-Yu Yang
- Department of Molecular Biology, NYS Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA.,Ph.D. Program in Biology-Neuroscience, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
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7
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ost in promiscuity? An evolutionary and biochemical evaluation of HSD10 function in cardiolipin metabolism. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:562. [PMID: 36271951 PMCID: PMC9587951 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04579-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Multifunctional proteins are challenging as it can be difficult to confirm pathomechanisms associated with disease-causing genetic variants. The human 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 10 (HSD10) is a moonlighting enzyme with at least two structurally and catalytically unrelated functions. HSD10 disease was originally described as a disorder of isoleucine metabolism, but the clinical manifestations were subsequently shown to be linked to impaired mtDNA transcript processing due to deficient function of HSD10 in the mtRNase P complex. A surprisingly large number of other, mostly enzymatic and potentially clinically relevant functions have been attributed to HSD10. Recently, HSD10 was reported to exhibit phospholipase C-like activity towards cardiolipins (CL), important mitochondrial phospholipids. To assess the physiological role of the proposed CL-cleaving function, we studied CL architectures in living cells and patient fibroblasts in different genetic backgrounds and lipid environments using our well-established LC-MS/MS cardiolipidomic pipeline. These experiments revealed no measurable effect on CLs, indicating that HSD10 does not have a physiologically relevant function towards CL metabolism. Evolutionary constraints could explain the broad range of reported substrates for HSD10 in vitro. The combination of an essential structural with a non-essential enzymatic function in the same protein could direct the evolutionary trajectory towards improvement of the former, thereby increasing the flexibility of the binding pocket, which is consistent with the results presented here.
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8
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Upadia J, Walano N, Noh GS, Liu J, Li Y, Deputy S, Elliott LT, Wong J, Lee JA, Caylor RC, Andersson HC. HSD10 disease in a female: A case report and review of literature. JIMD Rep 2021; 62:35-43. [PMID: 34765396 PMCID: PMC8574182 DOI: 10.1002/jmd2.12250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
HSD10 disease is a rare X-linked mitochondrial disorder caused by pathogenic variants in the HSD17B10 gene. The phenotype results from impaired 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 10 (17β-HSD10) protein structure and function. HSD10 is a multifunctional protein involved in enzymatic degradation of isoleucine and branched-chain fatty acids, the metabolism of sex hormones and neurosteroids, as well as in regulating mitochondrial RNA maturation. HSD10 disease is characterised by progressive neurologic impairment. Disease onset is varied and includes neonatal-onset, infantile-onset and late-onset in males. Females can also be affected. Our index case is a 45-month-old female, who initially presented at 11 months of age with global developmental delay. She subsequently began to lose previously acquired cognitive and motor skills starting around 29 months of age. Brain MRI showed abnormalities in the basal ganglia indicative of possible mitochondrial disease. Urine organic acid analysis revealed elevations of 2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyric acid and tiglyglycine. HSD17B10 gene sequencing revealed a likely pathogenic variant, NM_001037811.2:c.439C>T (p.Arg147Cys) inherited from her mother, expected to be causative of HSD10 disease. Her X-chromosome inactivation study is consistent with a skewed X-inactivation pattern. We report a female patient with HSD10 disease caused by a missense pathogenic variant, Arg147Cys in the HSD17B10 gene. The patient is the fifth severely affected female with this disease. This case adds to the small number of known affected families with this highly variable disease in the literature. These findings support the possibility of X-inactivation patterns influencing the penetrance of HSD10 disease in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jariya Upadia
- Hayward Genetics Center, Department of PediatricsTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
- Department of PediatricsTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | - Nicolette Walano
- Hayward Genetics Center, Department of PediatricsTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
- Department of PediatricsTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | - Grace S. Noh
- Hayward Genetics Center, Department of PediatricsTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
- Department of PediatricsTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | - Jiao Liu
- Hayward Genetics Center, Department of PediatricsTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | - Yuwen Li
- Hayward Genetics Center, Department of PediatricsTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
- Department of PediatricsTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | - Stephen Deputy
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of PediatricsLouisiana State University Health Sciences Center/Children's HospitalNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | - Lindsay T. Elliott
- Department of Pediatric Physical Medicine and RehabilitationLouisiana State University Health Sciences Center/Children's HospitalNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | - Joaquin Wong
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of PediatricsLouisiana State University Health Sciences Center/Children's HospitalNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | | | | | - Hans C. Andersson
- Hayward Genetics Center, Department of PediatricsTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
- Department of PediatricsTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
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9
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Dong H, Chang MCY. Structural Basis for Branched Substrate Selectivity in a Ketoreductase from Ascaris suum. ACS Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c01642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongjun Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States
| | - Michelle C. Y. Chang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States
- Department of Molecular & Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3200, United States
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1462, United States
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10
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Liu L, Schubert DM, Könneke M, Berg IA. ( S)-3-Hydroxybutyryl-CoA Dehydrogenase From the Autotrophic 3-Hydroxypropionate/4-Hydroxybutyrate Cycle in Nitrosopumilus maritimus. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:712030. [PMID: 34290692 PMCID: PMC8287830 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.712030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ammonia-oxidizing archaea of the phylum Thaumarchaeota are among the most abundant organisms that exert primary control of oceanic and soil nitrification and are responsible for a large part of dark ocean primary production. They assimilate inorganic carbon via an energetically efficient version of the 3-hydroxypropionate/4-hydroxybutyrate cycle. In this cycle, acetyl-CoA is carboxylated to succinyl-CoA, which is then converted to two acetyl-CoA molecules with 4-hydroxybutyrate as the key intermediate. This conversion includes the (S)-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase reaction. Here, we heterologously produced the protein Nmar_1028 catalyzing this reaction in thaumarchaeon Nitrosopumilus maritimus, characterized it biochemically and performed its phylogenetic analysis. This NAD-dependent dehydrogenase is highly active with its substrate, (S)-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA, and its low Km value suggests that the protein is adapted to the functioning in the 3-hydroxypropionate/4-hydroxybutyrate cycle. Nmar_1028 is homologous to the dehydrogenase domain of crotonyl-CoA hydratase/(S)-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase that is present in many Archaea. Apparently, the loss of the dehydratase domain of the fusion protein in the course of evolution was accompanied by lateral gene transfer of 3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA dehydratase/crotonyl-CoA hydratase from Bacteria. Although (S)-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase studied here is neither unique nor characteristic for the HP/HB cycle, Nmar_1028 appears to be the only (S)-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase in N. maritimus and is thus essential for the functioning of the 3-hydroxypropionate/4-hydroxybutyrate cycle and for the biology of this important marine archaeon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Institute for Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Daniel M Schubert
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Könneke
- Marine Archaea Group, MARUM Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany.,Benthic Microbiology, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environments, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Ivan A Berg
- Institute for Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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11
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Yang Q, Li L, Wang B, Zhu L, Tan J. Modifying the Microenvironment of Epoxy Resin to Improve the Activity of Immobilized 7α-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2020; 193:925-939. [PMID: 33225381 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-020-03473-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
7α-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (7α-HSDH) is one of the key enzymes in the catalytic reaction of taurochenodeoxycholic acid (TCDCA). To improve the activity of immobilized 7α-HSDH, the microenvironment of immobilized 7α-HSDH was modified with epoxy resin and ethanediamine (EDA). The amino-epoxy support was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Spectrometer elemental analysis (EA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), contact angle (CA), and Zetasizer. The effects of the immobilization of 7α-HSDH on the amino-epoxy resin and epoxy resin were studied. The results indicated that the relative activity of immobilized 7α-HSDH on the amino-epoxy resin increased by approximately 80%. Meanwhile, the immobilized 7α-HSDH showed favorable thermal stability and operational stability. The thermal stability of immobilized 7α-HSDH increased at temperatures ranging from 15 to 35 °C, while the relative activities of 7α-HSDH immobilized on the amino-epoxy resin and epoxy resin retained 56.4% and 61.0%. After 6 cycles, the residual activities of the 7α-HSDH immobilized on the amino-epoxy resin and epoxy resin were 81.4% and 89.5%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Inorganic Special Functional Materials, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing, 408100, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, No. 174, Shapingba Main Street, Chongqing, 400030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liuying Li
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, No. 174, Shapingba Main Street, Chongqing, 400030, People's Republic of China
| | - Bochu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, No. 174, Shapingba Main Street, Chongqing, 400030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Liancai Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, No. 174, Shapingba Main Street, Chongqing, 400030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Tan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, School of Biological & Chemical engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, 400067, China
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12
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Heikelä H, Ruohonen ST, Adam M, Viitanen R, Liljenbäck H, Eskola O, Gabriel M, Mairinoja L, Pessia A, Velagapudi V, Roivainen A, Zhang FP, Strauss L, Poutanen M. Hydroxysteroid (17β) dehydrogenase 12 is essential for metabolic homeostasis in adult mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 319:E494-E508. [PMID: 32691632 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00042.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxysteroid 17β dehydrogenase 12 (HSD17B12) is suggested to be involved in the elongation of very long chain fatty acids. Previously, we have shown a pivotal role for the enzyme during mouse development. In the present study we generated a conditional Hsd17b12 knockout (HSD17B12cKO) mouse model by breeding mice homozygous for a floxed Hsd17b12 allele with mice expressing the tamoxifen-inducible Cre recombinase at the ROSA26 locus. Gene inactivation was induced by administering tamoxifen to adult mice. The gene inactivation led to a 20% loss of body weight within 6 days, associated with drastic reduction in both white (83% males, 75% females) and brown (65% males, 60% females) fat, likely due to markedly reduced food and water intake. Furthermore, the knockout mice showed sickness behavior and signs of liver toxicity, specifically microvesicular hepatic steatosis and increased serum alanine aminotransferase (4.6-fold in males, 7.7-fold in females). The hepatic changes were more pronounced in females than males. Proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-17, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, were increased in the HSD17B12cKO mice indicating an inflammatory response. Serum lipidomics study showed an increase in the amount of dihydroceramides, despite the dramatic overall loss of lipids. In line with the proposed role for HSD17B12 in fatty acid elongation, we observed accumulation of ceramides, dihydroceramides, hexosylceramides, and lactosylceramides with shorter than 18-carbon fatty acid side chains in the serum. The results indicate that HSD17B12 is essential for proper lipid homeostasis and HSD17B12 deficiency rapidly results in fatal systemic inflammation and lipolysis in adult mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Heikelä
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Suvi T Ruohonen
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Marion Adam
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Heidi Liljenbäck
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli Eskola
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Michael Gabriel
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Laura Mairinoja
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Alberto Pessia
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vidya Velagapudi
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne Roivainen
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Fu-Ping Zhang
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Leena Strauss
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Matti Poutanen
- Turku Center for Disease Modeling, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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13
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Vinklarova L, Schmidt M, Benek O, Kuca K, Gunn-Moore F, Musilek K. Friend or enemy? Review of 17β-HSD10 and its role in human health or disease. J Neurochem 2020; 155:231-249. [PMID: 32306391 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD10) is a multifunctional human enzyme with important roles both as a structural component and also as a catalyst of many metabolic pathways. This mitochondrial enzyme has important functions in the metabolism, development and aging of the neural system, where it is involved in the homeostasis of neurosteroids, especially in regard to estradiol, changes in which make it an essential part of neurodegenerative pathology. These roles therefore, indicate that 17β-HSD10 may be a possible druggable target for neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD), and in hormone-dependent cancer. The objective of this review was to provide a summary about physiological functions and pathological roles of 17β-HSD10 and the modulators of its activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Vinklarova
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Monika Schmidt
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Benek
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | | | - Kamil Musilek
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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14
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Schmidt M, Benek O, Vinklarova L, Hrabinova M, Zemanova L, Chribek M, Kralova V, Hroch L, Dolezal R, Lycka A, Prchal L, Jun D, Aitken L, Gunn-Moore F, Kuca K, Musilek K. Benzothiazolyl Ureas are Low Micromolar and Uncompetitive Inhibitors of 17β-HSD10 with Implications to Alzheimer's Disease Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062059. [PMID: 32192199 PMCID: PMC7139388 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 10 is a multifunctional protein involved in many enzymatic and structural processes within mitochondria. This enzyme was suggested to be involved in several neurological diseases, e.g., mental retardation, Parkinson's disease, or Alzheimer's disease, in which it was shown to interact with the amyloid-beta peptide. We prepared approximately 60 new compounds based on a benzothiazolyl scaffold and evaluated their inhibitory ability and mechanism of action. The most potent inhibitors contained 3-chloro and 4-hydroxy substitution on the phenyl ring moiety, a small substituent at position 6 on the benzothiazole moiety, and the two moieties were connected via a urea linker (4at, 4bb, and 4bg). These compounds exhibited IC50 values of 1-2 μM and showed an uncompetitive mechanism of action with respect to the substrate, acetoacetyl-CoA. These uncompetitive benzothiazolyl inhibitors of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 10 are promising compounds for potential drugs for neurodegenerative diseases that warrant further research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Schmidt
- University of Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (L.V.); (L.Z.); (R.D.); (A.L.); (K.K.); (K.M.)
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (O.B.); Tel.: +420-493-332-791 (M.S.); +420-493-332-783 (O.B.)
| | - Ondrej Benek
- University of Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (L.V.); (L.Z.); (R.D.); (A.L.); (K.K.); (K.M.)
- University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Biomedical Research Centre, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (M.H.); (L.H.); (L.P.)
- National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: (M.S.); (O.B.); Tel.: +420-493-332-791 (M.S.); +420-493-332-783 (O.B.)
| | - Lucie Vinklarova
- University of Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (L.V.); (L.Z.); (R.D.); (A.L.); (K.K.); (K.M.)
- University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Biomedical Research Centre, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (M.H.); (L.H.); (L.P.)
| | - Martina Hrabinova
- University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Biomedical Research Centre, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (M.H.); (L.H.); (L.P.)
- University of Defence, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;
| | - Lucie Zemanova
- University of Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (L.V.); (L.Z.); (R.D.); (A.L.); (K.K.); (K.M.)
| | - Matej Chribek
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Control, Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (M.C.); (V.K.)
| | - Vendula Kralova
- Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Drug Control, Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (M.C.); (V.K.)
| | - Lukas Hroch
- University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Biomedical Research Centre, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (M.H.); (L.H.); (L.P.)
| | - Rafael Dolezal
- University of Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (L.V.); (L.Z.); (R.D.); (A.L.); (K.K.); (K.M.)
- University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Biomedical Research Centre, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (M.H.); (L.H.); (L.P.)
| | - Antonin Lycka
- University of Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (L.V.); (L.Z.); (R.D.); (A.L.); (K.K.); (K.M.)
| | - Lukas Prchal
- University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Biomedical Research Centre, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (M.H.); (L.H.); (L.P.)
| | - Daniel Jun
- University of Defence, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic;
| | - Laura Aitken
- University of St. Andrews, School of Biology, Medical and Biological Science Building, North Haugh, St. Andrews KY16 9TF, UK; (L.A.); (F.G.-M.)
| | - Frank Gunn-Moore
- University of St. Andrews, School of Biology, Medical and Biological Science Building, North Haugh, St. Andrews KY16 9TF, UK; (L.A.); (F.G.-M.)
| | - Kamil Kuca
- University of Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (L.V.); (L.Z.); (R.D.); (A.L.); (K.K.); (K.M.)
| | - Kamil Musilek
- University of Hradec Kralove, Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (L.V.); (L.Z.); (R.D.); (A.L.); (K.K.); (K.M.)
- University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Biomedical Research Centre, Sokolska 581, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; (M.H.); (L.H.); (L.P.)
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15
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Pichiah PBT, Sankarganesh D, Arunachalam S, Achiraman S. Adipose-Derived Molecules-Untouched Horizons in Alzheimer's Disease Biology. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:17. [PMID: 32116650 PMCID: PMC7032035 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The global incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is on the rise with the increase in obesity and metabolic disease epidemic. Obesity is co-morbid with the increase in mass of adipose tissue, which secretes numerous molecules that are biologically important. Obesity and its associated conditions are perhaps involved in the causative pathway of AD. Immunologically important cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-10, and IL-18, which are released by adipose tissue, are also found to be associated with AD. Besides, the expression of IL-6, IFNγ, and TNF alpha are also associated with AD. Ang-I and Ang-II are found to mediate the progression of AD. Complement factors B, C4b, and H are differentially expressed in AD. Overall, several adipocyte-derived cytokines are found to be dysregulated in AD, and their role in AD remains to be studied. The induction of autophagy is a very promising strategy in the treatment of AD. A variety of adipose-derived molecules have been shown to modulate autophagy. However, very little literature is available on the role of adipose-derived molecules in inducing autophagy in microglial cells of AD. Understanding the role of adipose-derived molecules in the development of AD, especially in the induction of autophagy, would open up new avenues in devising strategies for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Devaraj Sankarganesh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, India
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Sankarganesh Arunachalam
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio and Chemical Engineering, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil, India
| | - Shanmugam Achiraman
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, India
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16
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He XY, Dobkin C, Yang SY. 17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases and neurosteroid metabolism in the central nervous system. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 489:92-97. [PMID: 30321584 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases are indispensable for downstream enzyme steps of the neurosteroidogenesis. Neurosteroids are synthesized de novo in neurons and glia from cholesterol transported into mitochondria, or by conversion from proneurosteroids, e. g. dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and pregnenolone, through the same metabolic pathway as revealed in the de novo neurosteroidogenesis. Hormonal steroids generated from endocrine glands are transported into brain from the circulation to exert neuronal activity via genomic pathway, whereas neurosteroids produced in brain cells without genomic targets identified could bind to cell surface targets, e.g., GABAA or NMDA receptors and elicit antidepressant, anxiolytic, anticonvulsant and anesthetic effects by regulating neuroexcitability. In a broad sense, neurosteroids include hormonal steroids in brain, and they are irrespective of origin playing important roles in brain development including neuroprotection, neurogenesis and neural plasticity. They are also a critical element in cognitive and memory functions. Mitochondrial 17β-HSD10, encoded by the HSD17B10 gene mapping to Xp11.2, is found in various brain regions, essential for the maintenance of neurosteroid homeostasis. Mutations identified in this gene resulted in two distinct brain diseases, namely HSD10 deficiency and MRXS10, of which clinical presentations and pathogenetic mechanisms are quite different. Since elevated levels of 17β-HSD10 was found in brains of Alzheimer's disease patients and AD mouse model, it may also act as an adverse factor in the AD pathogenesis due to an imbalance of neurosteroid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ying He
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, NYS Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, 10314, USA
| | - Carl Dobkin
- Department of Molecular Genetics, NYS Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, 10314, USA
| | - Song-Yu Yang
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, NYS Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, 10314, USA; Ph.D. Program in Biology-Neuroscience, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
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17
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Hiltunen JK, Kastaniotis AJ, Autio KJ, Jiang G, Chen Z, Glumoff T. 17B-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases as acyl thioester metabolizing enzymes. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 489:107-118. [PMID: 30508570 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (HSD17B) catalyze the oxidation/reduction of 17β-hydroxy/keto group in position C17 in C18- and C19 steroids. Most HSD17Bs are also catalytically active with substrates other than steroids. A subset of these enzymes is able to process thioesters of carboxylic acids. This group of enzymes includes HSD17B4, HSD17B8, HSD17B10 and HSD17B12, which execute reactions in intermediary metabolism, participating in peroxisomal β-oxidation of fatty acids, mitochondrial oxidation of 3R-hydroxyacyl-groups, breakdown of isoleucine and fatty acid chain elongation in endoplasmic reticulum. Divergent substrate acceptance capabilities exemplify acquirement of catalytic site adaptiveness during evolution. As an additional common feature these HSD17Bs are multifunctional enzymes that arose either via gene fusions (HSD17B4) or are incorporated as subunits into multifunctional protein complexes (HSD17B8 and HSD17B10). Crystal structures of HSD17B4, HSD17B8 and HSD17B10 give insight into their structure-function relationships. Thus far, deficiencies of HSD17B4 and HSD17B10 have been assigned to inborn errors in humans, underlining their significance as enzymes of metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kalervo Hiltunen
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials and Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, PR China.
| | | | - Kaija J Autio
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Guangyu Jiang
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Zhijun Chen
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials and Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, 130012, PR China
| | - Tuomo Glumoff
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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18
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Heinosalo T, Saarinen N, Poutanen M. Role of hydroxysteroid (17beta) dehydrogenase type 1 in reproductive tissues and hormone-dependent diseases. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 489:9-31. [PMID: 30149044 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 07/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal synthesis and metabolism of sex steroids is involved in the pathogenesis of various human diseases, such as endometriosis and cancers arising from the breast and uterus. Steroid biosynthesis is a multistep enzymatic process proceeding from cholesterol to highly active sex steroids via different intermediates. Human Hydroxysteroid (17beta) dehydrogenase 1 (HSD17B1) enzyme shows a high capacity to produce the highly active estrogen, estradiol, from a precursor hormone, estrone. However, the enzyme may also play a role in other steps of the steroid biosynthesis pathway. In this article, we have reviewed the literature on HSD17B1, and summarize the role of the enzyme in hormone-dependent diseases in women as evidenced by preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taija Heinosalo
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | - Niina Saarinen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Matti Poutanen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
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19
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Tsachaki M, Odermatt A. Subcellular localization and membrane topology of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 489:98-106. [PMID: 30864548 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (17β-HSDs) comprise enzymes initially identified by their ability to interconvert active and inactive forms of sex steroids, a vital process for the tissue-specific control of estrogen and androgen balance. However, most 17β-HSDs have now been shown to accept substrates other than sex steroids, including bile acids, retinoids and fatty acids, thereby playing unanticipated roles in cell physiology. This functional divergence is often reflected by their different subcellular localization, with 17β-HSDs found in the cytosol, peroxisome, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and in lipid droplets. Moreover, a subset of 17β-HSDs are integral membrane proteins, with their specific topology dictating the cellular compartment in which they exert their enzymatic activity. Here, we summarize the present knowledge on the subcellular localization and membrane topology of the 17β-HSD enzymes and discuss the correlation with their biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Tsachaki
- Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alex Odermatt
- Division of Molecular and Systems Toxicology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056, Basel, Switzerland.
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20
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Boutin S, Roy J, Maltais R, Alata W, Calon F, Poirier D. Identification of steroidal derivatives inhibiting the transformations of allopregnanolone and estradiol by 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 10. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:3554-3559. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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21
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Morsy A, Trippier PC. Amyloid-Binding Alcohol Dehydrogenase (ABAD) Inhibitors for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease. J Med Chem 2018; 62:4252-4264. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Morsy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas 79106, United States
| | - Paul C. Trippier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas 79106, United States
- Center for Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
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22
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Nasr M, Farghaly M, Elsaba T, El-Mokhtar M, Radwan R, Elsabahy M, Abdelkareem A, Fakhry H, Mousa N. Resistance of primary breast cancer cells with enhanced pluripotency and stem cell activity to sex hormonal stimulation and suppression. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 105:84-93. [PMID: 30359767 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Female sex steroid hormones have a fundamental role in breast cancer. Meanwhile, current evidence supports the contribution of breast cancer stem cells in carcinogenesis, metastasis, and resistance to cytotoxic chemotherapy. Nevertheless, the interaction between breast cancer stem cells with sex hormones or key hormonal antagonists remains elusive. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of diverse sex hormonal stimulation and suppression regimens on the proliferation of a primary human breast cancer cells with stem cell activity. METHODS Cells were exposed to estradiol, progesterone, letrozole, ulipristal acetate, or a combination of ulipristal acetate-letrozole, continually for 6 months. Additionally, nanoparticle-linked letrozole and ulipristal acetate formulations were included in a subsequent short-term exposure study. Phenotypic, pathologic, and functional characteristics of unexposed cells were investigated. RESULTS The proliferation of breast cancer cells was comparable among all hormonal stimulation and suppression groups (P= 0.8). In addition, the nanoparticle encapsulated hormonal antagonists were not able to overcome the observed resistance of cells. Cell characterization showed a mesenchymal-like phenotype overexpressing three master pluripotency markers (Oct 4, SOX2, and Nanog), and 92% of cells were expressing ALDH1A1. Notably, the CD44 high/CD24 low cell population presented only 0.97%-5.4% over repeat analyses. Most cells lacked the expression of mesenchymal markers; however, they showed differentiation into osteogenic and adipogenic lineages. Upon transfer to serum-free culture, the long-term maintained mesenchymal-like cancer cells showed remarkable morphologic plasticity as they switched promptly into an epithelial-like phenotype with significant mammosphere formation capacity (P= 0.008). CONCLUSION Breast cancer cells can develop a pluripotent program with enhanced stemness activity that may together contribute to universal resistance to sex hormonal stimulation or deprivation. Isolation and characterization of patient-derived breast cancer stem cells in large clinical studies is therefore crucial to identify new targets for endocrine therapies, potentially directed towards stemness and pluripotency markers. Such direction may help overcoming endocrine resistance and draw attention to breast cancer stem cells' behaviour under endogenous and exogenous sex hormones throughout a woman's reproductive life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tarek Elsaba
- South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Egypt
| | | | - Radwa Radwan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut International Center of Nanomedicine, Al-Rajhy Liver Hospital, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Elsabahy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut International Center of Nanomedicine, Al-Rajhy Liver Hospital, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt; Laboratory for Synthetic-Biologic Interactions, Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Noha Mousa
- Zewail City of Science and Technology, Egypt.
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23
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He XY, Isaacs C, Yang SY. Roles of Mitochondrial 17β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 10 in Alzheimer’s Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 62:665-673. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-170974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ying He
- Department of Developmental Biochemistry, NYS Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Charles Isaacs
- Department of Developmental Biochemistry, NYS Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Song-Yu Yang
- Department of Developmental Biochemistry, NYS Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
- PhD Program in Biology–Neuroscience, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
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Oerum S, Roovers M, Leichsenring M, Acquaviva-Bourdain C, Beermann F, Gemperle-Britschgi C, Fouilhoux A, Korwitz-Reichelt A, Bailey HJ, Droogmans L, Oppermann U, Sass JO, Yue WW. Novel patient missense mutations in the HSD17B10 gene affect dehydrogenase and mitochondrial tRNA modification functions of the encoded protein. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:3294-3302. [PMID: 28888424 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
MRPP2 (also known as HSD10/SDR5C1) is a multifunctional protein that harbours both catalytic and non-catalytic functions. The protein belongs to the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductases (SDR) family and is involved in the catabolism of isoleucine in vivo and steroid metabolism in vitro. MRPP2 also moonlights in a complex with the MRPP1 (also known as TRMT10C) protein for N1-methylation of purines at position 9 of mitochondrial tRNA, and in a complex with MRPP1 and MRPP3 (also known as PRORP) proteins for 5'-end processing of mitochondrial precursor tRNA. Inherited mutations in the HSD17B10 gene encoding MRPP2 protein lead to a childhood disorder characterised by progressive neurodegeneration, cardiomyopathy or both. Here we report two patients with novel missense mutations in the HSD17B10 gene (c.34G>C and c.526G>A), resulting in the p.V12L and p.V176M substitutions. Val12 and Val176 are highly conserved residues located at different regions of the MRPP2 structure. Recombinant mutant proteins were expressed and characterised biochemically to investigate their effects towards the functions of MRPP2 and associated complexes in vitro. Both mutant proteins showed significant reduction in the dehydrogenase, methyltransferase and tRNA processing activities compared to wildtype, associated with reduced stability for protein with p.V12L, whereas the protein carrying p.V176M showed impaired kinetics and complex formation. This study therefore identified two distinctive molecular mechanisms to explain the biochemical defects for the novel missense patient mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Oerum
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, OX3 7DQ Oxford, UK
| | - Martine Roovers
- Institut de Recherches Microbiologiques Jean-Marie Wiame, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Michael Leichsenring
- Department for Children and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical School, Ulm, Germany
| | - Cécile Acquaviva-Bourdain
- Groupement Hospitalier Est, Centre de Biologie Est, Service Maladies Héréditaires du Métabolisme, Bron, France
| | - Frauke Beermann
- University of Freiburg Children's Hospital, Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolism, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Corinne Gemperle-Britschgi
- University Children's Hospital and Children's Research Center, Clinical Chemistry & Biochemistry, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alain Fouilhoux
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Héréditaires du Métabolisme, HCL, Bron, France
| | - Anne Korwitz-Reichelt
- Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, Department of Natural Sciences, von-Liebig-Str. 20, 53359 Rheinbach, Germany
| | - Henry J Bailey
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, OX3 7DQ Oxford, UK
| | - Louis Droogmans
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Universite libre de Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Udo Oppermann
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, OX3 7DQ Oxford, UK; Botnar Research Centre, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Unit, Oxford, UK
| | - Jörn Oliver Sass
- University of Freiburg Children's Hospital, Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry and Metabolism, Freiburg, Germany; University Children's Hospital and Children's Research Center, Clinical Chemistry & Biochemistry, Zürich, Switzerland; Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, Department of Natural Sciences, von-Liebig-Str. 20, 53359 Rheinbach, Germany.
| | - Wyatt W Yue
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, OX3 7DQ Oxford, UK.
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25
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Sanchez MIGL, Shearwood AMJ, Chia T, Davies SMK, Rackham O, Filipovska A. Estrogen-mediated regulation of mitochondrial gene expression. Mol Endocrinol 2016; 29:14-27. [PMID: 25375021 DOI: 10.1210/me.2014-1077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogens, in particular 17β-estradiol, are well-known regulators of essential cellular functions; however, discrepancies remain over the mechanisms by which they act on mitochondria. Here we propose a novel mechanism for the direct regulation of mitochondrial gene expression by estrogen under metabolic stress. We show that in serum-depleted medium, estrogen stimulates a rapid relocation of estrogen receptor-α to mitochondria, in which it elicits a cellular response, resulting in an increase in mitochondrial RNA abundance. Mitochondrial RNA levels are regulated through the association of estrogen receptor-α with 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 10, a multifunctional protein involved in steroid metabolism that is also a core subunit of the mitochondrial ribonuclease P complex responsible for the cleavage of mitochondrial polycistronic transcripts. Processing of mitochondrial transcripts affects mitochondrial gene expression by controlling the levels of mature RNAs available for translation. This work provides the first mechanism linking RNA processing and estrogen activation in mitochondrial gene expression and underscores the coordinated response between the nucleus and mitochondria in response to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria I G Lopez Sanchez
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research and Centre for Medical Research (M.I.G.L.S., A.-M.J.S., T.-S.C., S.M.K.D., O.R., A.F.), Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, and School of Chemistry and Biochemistry (O.R., A.F.), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
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26
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Falk MJ, Gai X, Shigematsu M, Vilardo E, Takase R, McCormick E, Christian T, Place E, Pierce EA, Consugar M, Gamper HB, Rossmanith W, Hou YM. A novel HSD17B10 mutation impairing the activities of the mitochondrial RNase P complex causes X-linked intractable epilepsy and neurodevelopmental regression. RNA Biol 2016; 13:477-85. [PMID: 26950678 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2016.1159381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a Caucasian boy with intractable epilepsy and global developmental delay. Whole-exome sequencing identified the likely genetic etiology as a novel p.K212E mutation in the X-linked gene HSD17B10 for mitochondrial short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase SDR5C1. Mutations in HSD17B10 cause the HSD10 disease, traditionally classified as a metabolic disorder due to the role of SDR5C1 in fatty and amino acid metabolism. However, SDR5C1 is also an essential subunit of human mitochondrial RNase P, the enzyme responsible for 5'-processing and methylation of purine-9 of mitochondrial tRNAs. Here we show that the p.K212E mutation impairs the SDR5C1-dependent mitochondrial RNase P activities, and suggest that the pathogenicity of p.K212E is due to a general mitochondrial dysfunction caused by reduction in SDR5C1-dependent maturation of mitochondrial tRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marni J Falk
- a Division of Human Genetics , Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia , PA , USA.,b Department of Pediatrics , University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Xiaowu Gai
- c Center for Personalized Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles , Los Angeles , CA , USA
| | - Megumi Shigematsu
- d Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Elisa Vilardo
- e Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Ryuichi Takase
- d Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Elizabeth McCormick
- a Division of Human Genetics , Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Thomas Christian
- d Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Emily Place
- a Division of Human Genetics , Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia , PA , USA.,f Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Eric A Pierce
- f Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Mark Consugar
- f Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Howard B Gamper
- d Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Walter Rossmanith
- e Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - Ya-Ming Hou
- d Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Thomas Jefferson University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
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27
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Porcu P, Barron AM, Frye CA, Walf AA, Yang SY, He XY, Morrow AL, Panzica GC, Melcangi RC. Neurosteroidogenesis Today: Novel Targets for Neuroactive Steroid Synthesis and Action and Their Relevance for Translational Research. J Neuroendocrinol 2016; 28:12351. [PMID: 26681259 PMCID: PMC4769676 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Revised: 12/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Neuroactive steroids are endogenous neuromodulators synthesised in the brain that rapidly alter neuronal excitability by binding to membrane receptors, in addition to the regulation of gene expression via intracellular steroid receptors. Neuroactive steroids induce potent anxiolytic, antidepressant, anticonvulsant, sedative, analgesic and amnesic effects, mainly through interaction with the GABAA receptor. They also exert neuroprotective, neurotrophic and antiapoptotic effects in several animal models of neurodegenerative diseases. Neuroactive steroids regulate many physiological functions, such as the stress response, puberty, the ovarian cycle, pregnancy and reward. Their levels are altered in several neuropsychiatric and neurological diseases and both preclinical and clinical studies emphasise a therapeutic potential of neuroactive steroids for these diseases, whereby symptomatology ameliorates upon restoration of neuroactive steroid concentrations. However, direct administration of neuroactive steroids has several challenges, including pharmacokinetics, low bioavailability, addiction potential, safety and tolerability, which limit its therapeutic use. Therefore, modulation of neurosteroidogenesis to restore the altered endogenous neuroactive steroid tone may represent a better therapeutic approach. This review summarises recent approaches that target the neuroactive steroid biosynthetic pathway at different levels aiming to promote neurosteroidogenesis. These include modulation of neurosteroidogenesis through ligands of the translocator protein 18 kDa and the pregnane xenobiotic receptor, as well as targeting of specific neurosteroidogenic enzymes such as 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 10 or P450 side chain cleavage. Enhanced neurosteroidogenesis through these targets may be beneficial not only for neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and age-related dementia, but also for neuropsychiatric diseases, including alcohol use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Porcu
- Neuroscience Institute, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Cagliari, Italy
| | - Anna M. Barron
- Molecular Imaging Center, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Cheryl Anne Frye
- Institute of Arctic Biology, The University of Alaska–Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
- The University at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Alicia A. Walf
- Institute of Arctic Biology, The University of Alaska–Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
- The University at Albany, Albany, NY, USA
- Department of Cognitive Science, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Song-Yu Yang
- Department of Developmental Biochemistry, NYS Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Xue-Ying He
- Department of Developmental Biochemistry, NYS Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - A. Leslie Morrow
- Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Gian Carlo Panzica
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, and NICO - Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Roberto C. Melcangi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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28
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Kumar A, Bean LA, Rani A, Jackson T, Foster TC. Contribution of estrogen receptor subtypes, ERα, ERβ, and GPER1 in rapid estradiol-mediated enhancement of hippocampal synaptic transmission in mice. Hippocampus 2015; 25:1556-66. [PMID: 25980457 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Estradiol rapidly modulates hippocampal synaptic plasticity and synaptic transmission; however, the contribution of the various estrogen receptors to rapid changes in synaptic function is unclear. This study examined the effect of estrogen receptor selective agonists on hippocampal synaptic transmission in slices obtained from 3-5-month-old wild type (WT), estrogen receptor alpha (ERαKO), and beta (ERβKO) knockout female ovariectomized mice. Hippocampal slices were prepared 10-16 days following ovariectomy and extracellular excitatory postsynaptic field potentials were recorded from CA3-CA1 synaptic contacts before and following application of 17β-estradiol-3-benzoate (EB, 100 pM), the G-protein estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1) agonist G1 (100 nM), the ERα selective agonist propyl pyrazole triol (PPT, 100 nM), or the ERβ selective agonist diarylpropionitrile (DPN, 1 µM). Across all groups, EB and G1 increased the synaptic response to a similar extent. Furthermore, prior G1 application occluded the EB-mediated enhancement of the synaptic response and the GPER1 antagonist, G15 (100 nM), inhibited the enhancement of the synaptic response induced by EB application. We confirmed that the ERα and ERβ selective agonists (PPT and DPN) had effects on synaptic responses specific to animals that expressed the relevant receptor; however, PPT and DPN produced only a small increase in synaptic transmission relative to EB or the GPER1 agonist. We demonstrate that the increase in synaptic transmission is blocked by inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activity. Furthermore, EB was able to increase ERK activity regardless of genotype. These results suggest that ERK activation and enhancement of synaptic transmission by EB involves multiple estrogen receptor subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Linda A Bean
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Asha Rani
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Travis Jackson
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Thomas C Foster
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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29
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Vangavaragu JR, Valasani KR, Fang D, Williams TD, Yan SS. Determination of small molecule ABAD inhibitors crossing blood-brain barrier and pharmacokinetics. J Alzheimers Dis 2015; 42:333-44. [PMID: 24858403 DOI: 10.3233/jad-140252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A major obstacle to the development of effective treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is successfully delivery of drugs to the brain. We have previously identified a series of benzothiazole phosphonate compounds that block the interaction of amyloid-β peptide with amyloid-β binding alcohol dehydrogenase (ABAD). A selective and sensitive method for the presence of three new benzothiazole ABAD inhibitors in mouse plasma, brain, and artificial cerebrospinal fluid has been developed and validated based on high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Mass spectra were generated using Micromass Quattro Ultima "triple" quadrupole mass spectrometer equipped with an Electrospray Ionization interface. Good linearity was obtained over a concentration range of 0.05-2.5 μg/ml. The lowest limit of quantification and detection was found to be 0.05 μg/ml. All inter-day accuracies and precisions were within ± 15% of the nominal value and ± 20%, respectively, at the lower limit of quantitation. The tested compounds were stable at various conditions with recoveries >90.0% (RSD <10%). The method used for pharmacokinetic studies of compounds in mouse cerebrospinal fluid, plasma, and brain is accurate, precise, and specific with no matrix effect. Pharmacokinetic data showed that these compounds penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) yielding 4-50 ng/ml peak brain concentrations and 2 μg/ml peak plasma concentrations from a 10 mg/kg dose. These results indicate that our newly synthesized small molecule ABAD inhibitors have a good drug properties with the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, which holds a great potential for AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhansi Rani Vangavaragu
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Higuchi Bioscience Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Koteswara Rao Valasani
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Higuchi Bioscience Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Du Fang
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Higuchi Bioscience Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Todd D Williams
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Shirley ShiDu Yan
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Higuchi Bioscience Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
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30
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Vilardo E, Rossmanith W. Molecular insights into HSD10 disease: impact of SDR5C1 mutations on the human mitochondrial RNase P complex. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:5112-9. [PMID: 25925575 PMCID: PMC4446446 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
SDR5C1 is an amino and fatty acid dehydrogenase/reductase, moonlighting as a component of human mitochondrial RNase P, which is the enzyme removing 5′-extensions of tRNAs, an early and crucial step in tRNA maturation. Moreover, a subcomplex of mitochondrial RNase P catalyzes the N1-methylation of purines at position 9, a modification found in most mitochondrial tRNAs and thought to stabilize their structure. Missense mutations in SDR5C1 cause a disease characterized by progressive neurodegeneration and cardiomyopathy, called HSD10 disease. We have investigated the effect of selected mutations on SDR5C1's functions. We show that pathogenic mutations impair SDR5C1-dependent dehydrogenation, tRNA processing and methylation. Some mutations disrupt the homotetramerization of SDR5C1 and/or impair its interaction with TRMT10C, the methyltransferase subunit of the mitochondrial RNase P complex. We propose that the structural and functional alterations of SDR5C1 impair mitochondrial RNA processing and modification, leading to the mitochondrial dysfunction observed in HSD10 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Vilardo
- Center for Anatomy & Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Rossmanith
- Center for Anatomy & Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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31
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Yang SY, He XY, Isaacs C, Dobkin C, Miller D, Philipp M. Roles of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 10 in neurodegenerative disorders. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 143:460-72. [PMID: 25007702 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 10 (17β-HSD10) is encoded by the HSD17B10 gene mapping at Xp11.2. This homotetrameric mitochondrial multifunctional enzyme catalyzes the oxidation of neuroactive steroids and the degradation of isoleucine. This enzyme is capable of binding to other peptides, such as estrogen receptor α, amyloid-β, and tRNA methyltransferase 10C. Missense mutations of the HSD17B10 gene result in 17β-HSD10 deficiency, an infantile neurodegeneration characterized by progressive psychomotor regression and alteration of mitochondria morphology. 17β-HSD10 exhibits only a negligible alcohol dehydrogenase activity, and is not localized in the endoplasmic reticulum or plasma membrane. Its alternate name - Aβ binding alcohol dehydrogenase (ABAD) - is a misnomer predicated on the mistaken belief that this enzyme is an alcohol dehydrogenase. Misconceptions about the localization and function of 17β-HSD10 abound. 17β-HSD10's proven location and function must be accurately identified to properly assess this enzyme's important role in brain metabolism, especially the metabolism of allopregnanolone. The brains of individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and of animals in an AD mouse model exhibit abnormally elevated levels of 17β-HSD10. Abnormal expression, as well as mutations of the HSD17B10 gene leads to impairment of the structure, function, and dynamics of mitochondria. This may underlie the pathogenesis of the synaptic and neuronal deficiency exhibited in 17β-HSD10 related diseases, including 17β-HSD10 deficiency and AD. Restoration of steroid homeostasis could be achieved by the supplementation of neuroactive steroids with a proper dosing and treatment regimen or by the adjustment of 17β-HSD10 activity to protect neurons. The discovery of this enzyme's true function has opened a new therapeutic avenue for treating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Yu Yang
- Department of Developmental Biochemistry, NYS Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, 1050 Forest Hill Road, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA; Neuroscience Doctoral Program, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Xue-Ying He
- Department of Developmental Biochemistry, NYS Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, 1050 Forest Hill Road, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA
| | - Charles Isaacs
- Department of Developmental Biochemistry, NYS Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, 1050 Forest Hill Road, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA
| | - Carl Dobkin
- Department of Molecular Genetics, NYS Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, 1050 Forest Hill Road, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA; Neuroscience Doctoral Program, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, NY 10016, USA
| | - David Miller
- Department of Molecular Biology, NYS Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, 1050 Forest Hill Road, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA
| | - Manfred Philipp
- Department of Chemistry, Lehman College of CUNY, 250 Bedford Park Boulevard West, Bronx, NY 10468, USA; Biochemistry Doctoral Program, Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, NY 10016, USA
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32
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Zhang Y, Wang Q, Ji Y, Zhang Q, Wu H, Xie J, Zhao J. Identification and mRNA expression of two 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase genes in the marine mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis following exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 37:1243-1255. [PMID: 24835553 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2014.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (17β-HSDs) are multifunctional enzymes involved in the metabolism of steroids, fatty acids, retinoids and bile acid. In this study, two novel types of 17β-HSDs (named as MgHsd17b10 and MgHsd17b12) were cloned from Mytilus galloprovincialis by using rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) approaches. Sequence analysis showed that MgHsd17b10 and MgHsd17b12 encoded a polypeptide of 259 and 325 amino acids, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that MgHsd17b10 and MgHsd17b12 were evolutionarily clustered with other invertebrate 17β-HSD type 10 and 17β-HSD type 12 homologues. The MgHsd17b10 and MgHsd17b12 transcripts could be detected in all examined tissues with higher expression levels in digestive glands and gonad. After exposed to endocrine disrupting chemicals (Bisphenol A or 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether), the expression of MgHsd17b10 and MgHsd17b12 transcripts was both down-regulated in digestive glands. These findings suggest that MgHsd17b10 and MgHsd17b12 perhaps play an important role in the endocrine regulation of M. galloprovincialis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Qing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China
| | - Yinglu Ji
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Qian Zhang
- China Agriculture University (Yantai), Yantai 264670, PR China
| | - Huifeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China.
| | - Jia Xie
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Jianmin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Zone Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, PR China.
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33
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Lathe R, Kotelevtsev Y. Steroid signaling: ligand-binding promiscuity, molecular symmetry, and the need for gating. Steroids 2014; 82:14-22. [PMID: 24462647 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Steroid/sterol-binding receptors and enzymes are remarkably promiscuous in the range of ligands they can bind to and, in the case of enzymes, modify - raising the question of how specific receptor activation is achieved in vivo. Estrogen receptors (ER) are modulated by 27-hydroxycholesterol and 5α-androstane-3β,17β-diol (Adiol), in addition to estradiol (E2), and respond to diverse small molecules such as bisphenol A. Steroid-modifying enzymes are also highly promiscuous in ligand binding and metabolism. The specificity problem is compounded by the fact that the steroid core (hydrogenated cyclopentophenanthrene ring system) has several planes of symmetry. Ligand binding can be in symmetrical East-West (rotation) and North-South (inversion) orientations. Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (HSDs) can modify symmetrical 7 and 11, also 3 and 17/20, positions, exemplified here by yeast 3α,20β-HSD and mammalian 11β-HSD and 17β-HSD enzymes. Faced with promiscuity and symmetry, other strategies are clearly necessary to promote signaling selectivity in vivo. Gating regulates hormone access via enzymes that preferentially inactivate (or activate) a subclass of ligands, thereby governing which ligands gain receptor access - exemplified by 11β-HSD gating cortisol access to the mineralocorticoid receptor, and P450 CYP7B1 gating Adiol access to ER. Counter-intuitively, the specificity of steroid/sterol action is achieved not by intrinsic binding selectivity but by the combination of local metabolism and binding affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Lathe
- State University of Pushchino, Prospekt Nauki, Pushchino 142290, Moscow Region, Russia; Pushchino Branch of the Institute of Bio-Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Moscow Region, Russia; Pieta Research, PO Box 27069, Edinburgh EH10 5YW, UK.
| | - Yuri Kotelevtsev
- State University of Pushchino, Prospekt Nauki, Pushchino 142290, Moscow Region, Russia; Pushchino Branch of the Institute of Bio-Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Moscow Region, Russia; Biomedical Centre for Research Education and Innovation (CREI), Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 143025 Skolkovo, Russia; Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Little France, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK.
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Abdel-Khalik J, Crick PJ, Carter GD, Makin HL, Wang Y, Griffiths WJ. Studies on the analysis of 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3) by isotope-dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry using enzyme-assisted derivatisation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 446:745-50. [PMID: 24486315 PMCID: PMC4000436 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.01.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The total serum concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamins D (25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D2) is currently used as an indicator of vitamins D status. Vitamins D insufficiency is claimed to be associated with multiple diseases, thus accurate and precise reference methods for the quantification of 25-hydroxyvitamins D are needed. Here we present a novel enzyme-assisted derivatisation method for the analysis of vitamins D metabolites in adult serum utilising 25-[26,26,26,27,27,27-(2)H6]hydroxyvitamin D3 as the internal standard. Extraction of 25-hydroxyvitamins D from serum is performed with acetonitrile, which is shown to be more efficient than ethanol. Cholesterol oxidase is used to oxidize the 3β-hydroxy group in the vitamins D metabolites followed by derivatisation of the newly formed 3-oxo group with Girard P reagent. 17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 10 is shown to oxidize selectively the 3α-hydroxy group in the 3α-hydroxy epimer of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3. Quantification is achieved by isotope-dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Recovery experiments for 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 performed on adult human serum give recovery of 102-106%. Furthermore in addition to 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and other uncharacterised dihydroxy metabolites, were detected in adult human serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Abdel-Khalik
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK.
| | - Peter J Crick
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Graham D Carter
- DEQAS, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Clinical Biochemistry Department, Charing Cross Hospital, Fulham Palace Rd, London W6 8RF, UK
| | - Hugh L Makin
- Barts and the Royal London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AD, UK
| | - Yuqin Wang
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - William J Griffiths
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry, College of Medicine, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK.
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Krogenæs AK, Ropstad E, Gutleb AC, Hårdnes N, Berg V, Dahl E, Fowler PA. In utero exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of PCB 153 and PCB 118 disrupts fetal testis development in sheep. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2014; 77:628-649. [PMID: 24754397 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2014.887426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) are environmental pollutants linked to adverse health effects including endocrine disruption and disturbance of reproductive development. This study aimed to determine whether exposure of pregnant sheep to three different mixtures of PCB 153 and PCB 118 affected fetal testis development. Ewes were treated by oral gavage from mating until euthanasia (d 134), producing three groups of fetuses with distinct adipose tissue PCB levels: high PCB 153/low PCB 118 (n = 13), high PCB 118/low PCB 153 (n = 14), and low PCB 153/low PCB 118 (n = 14). Fetal testes and blood samples were collected for investigation of testosterone, testis morphology, and testis proteome. The body weight of the offspring was lower in the high PCB compared to the low PCB group, but there were no significant differences in testis weight between groups when corrected for body weight. PCB exposure did not markedly affect circulating testosterone. There were no significant differences between groups in number of seminiferous tubules, Sertoli cell only tubules, and ratio between relative areas of seminiferous tubules and interstitium. Two-dimensional (2D) gel-based proteomics was used to screen for proteomic alterations in the high exposed groups relative to low PCB 153/low PCB 118 group. Twenty-six significantly altered spots were identified by liquid chromatography (LC)-mass spectroscopy (MS)/MS. Changes in protein regulation affected cellular processes as stress response, protein synthesis, and cytoskeleton regulation. The study demonstrates that in utero exposure to different environmental relevant PCB mixtures exerted subtle effects on developing fetal testis proteome but did not significantly disturb testis morphology and testosterone production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anette K Krogenæs
- a Department of Production Animal Sciences , Norwegian School Veterinary Science , Oslo , Norway
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Riemer J, Kins S. Axonal Transport and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease. NEURODEGENER DIS 2013; 12:111-24. [DOI: 10.1159/000342020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Zschocke J. HSD10 disease: clinical consequences of mutations in the HSD17B10 gene. J Inherit Metab Dis 2012; 35:81-9. [PMID: 22127393 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-011-9415-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Revised: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
The HSD17B10 gene is located on chromosome Xp11.2 and codes for a multifunctional protein called 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 10 (HSD10). This protein catalyzes the 2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA dehydrogenation (MHBD) reaction in isoleucine metabolism and is an essential component of mitochondrial RNase P required for the processing of mtDNA transcripts. HSD10 is required for normal mitochondrial maintenance, and complete loss of HSD10 is incompatible with life. Mutations in the HSD17B10 gene have been reported in 19 families. The classical infantile form of what is best named HSD10 disease is characterized by a period of more or less normal development in the first 6-18 months of life. Some patients showed transient metabolic derangement in the neonatal period, with good clinical recovery but often persistent lactate elevation. Usually from age 6-18 months affected boys show a progressive neurodegenerative disease course in conjunction with retinopathy and cardiomyopathy leading to death at age 2-4 years or later. A more severe presentation in the neonatal period with little neurological development, severe progressive cardiomyopathy, and early death, is denoted neonatal form. Juvenile and atypical/asymptomatic forms of HSD10 disease have been recognized. Heterozygous females often show non-progressive developmental delay and intellectual disability but may also be clinically normal. The pathogenesis is poorly understood but is unrelated to MHBD function. Diagnosis is based on typical abnormalities in urinary organic acid analysis and molecular studies. The same de novo mutation p.R130C was found in over half of patient families; it is associated with the infantile disease form. There is no effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Zschocke
- Division of Human Genetics, Medical University Innsbruck, Schöpfstr 41, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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Lim YA, Grimm A, Giese M, Mensah-Nyagan AG, Villafranca JE, Ittner LM, Eckert A, Götz J. Inhibition of the mitochondrial enzyme ABAD restores the amyloid-β-mediated deregulation of estradiol. PLoS One 2011; 6:e28887. [PMID: 22174920 PMCID: PMC3236223 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 11/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a conformational disease that is characterized by amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition in the brain. Aβ exerts its toxicity in part by receptor-mediated interactions that cause down-stream protein misfolding and aggregation, as well as mitochondrial dysfunction. Recent reports indicate that Aβ may also interact directly with intracellular proteins such as the mitochondrial enzyme ABAD (Aβ binding alcohol dehydrogenase) in executing its toxic effects. Mitochondrial dysfunction occurs early in AD, and Aβ's toxicity is in part mediated by inhibition of ABAD as shown previously with an ABAD decoy peptide. Here, we employed AG18051, a novel small ABAD-specific compound inhibitor, to investigate the role of ABAD in Aβ toxicity. Using SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, we found that AG18051 partially blocked the Aβ-ABAD interaction in a pull-down assay while it also prevented the Aβ42-induced down-regulation of ABAD activity, as measured by levels of estradiol, a known hormone and product of ABAD activity. Furthermore, AG18051 is protective against Aβ42 toxicity, as measured by LDH release and MTT absorbance. Specifically, AG18051 reduced Aβ42-induced impairment of mitochondrial respiration and oxidative stress as shown by reduced ROS (reactive oxygen species) levels. Guided by our previous finding of shared aspects of the toxicity of Aβ and human amylin (HA), with the latter forming aggregates in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) pancreas, we determined whether AG18051 would also confer protection from HA toxicity. We found that the inhibitor conferred only partial protection from HA toxicity indicating distinct pathomechanisms of the two amyloidogenic agents. Taken together, our results present the inhibition of ABAD by compounds such as AG18051 as a promising therapeutic strategy for the prevention and treatment of AD, and suggest levels of estradiol as a suitable read-out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-An Lim
- Alzheimer's & Parkinson's Disease Laboratory, Brain & Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amandine Grimm
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Psychiatric University Clinics Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Maria Giese
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Psychiatric University Clinics Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ayikoe Guy Mensah-Nyagan
- Equipe Steroïdes, Neuromodulateurs et Neuropathologies, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Lars M. Ittner
- Alzheimer's & Parkinson's Disease Laboratory, Brain & Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anne Eckert
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Psychiatric University Clinics Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- * E-mail: (JG); (AE)
| | - Jürgen Götz
- Alzheimer's & Parkinson's Disease Laboratory, Brain & Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail: (JG); (AE)
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Seaver LH, He XY, Abe K, Cowan T, Enns GM, Sweetman L, Philipp M, Lee S, Malik M, Yang SY. A novel mutation in the HSD17B10 gene of a 10-year-old boy with refractory epilepsy, choreoathetosis and learning disability. PLoS One 2011; 6:e27348. [PMID: 22132097 PMCID: PMC3222643 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 10/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxysteroid (17beta) dehydrogenase 10 (HSD10) is a mitochondrial multifunctional enzyme encoded by the HSD17B10 gene. Missense mutations in this gene result in HSD10 deficiency, whereas a silent mutation results in mental retardation, X-linked, syndromic 10 (MRXS10). Here we report a novel missense mutation found in the HSD17B10 gene, namely c.194T>C transition (rs104886492), brought about by the loss of two forked methyl groups of valine 65 in the HSD10 active site. The affected boy, who possesses mutant HSD10 (p.V65A), has a neurological syndrome with metabolic derangements, choreoathetosis, refractory epilepsy and learning disability. He has no history of acute decompensation or metabolic acidosis whereas his urine organic acid profile, showing elevated levels of 2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyrate and tiglylglycine, is characteristic of HSD10 deficiency. His HSD10 activity was much lower than the normal control level, with normal β-ketothiolase activity. The c.194T>C mutation in HSD17B10 can be identified by the restriction fragment polymorphism analysis, thereby facilitating the screening of this novel mutation in individuals with intellectual disability of unknown etiology and their family members much easier. The patient's mother is an asymptomatic carrier, and has a mixed ancestry (Hawaiian, Japanese and Chinese). This demonstrates that HSD10 deficiency patients are not confined to a particular ethnicity although previously reported cases were either Spanish or German descendants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie H. Seaver
- Hawai'i Community Genetics, Kapi'olani Medical Specialists, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Xue-Ying He
- Department of Neurochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Keith Abe
- Department of Pediatrics, John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Tina Cowan
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Gregory M. Enns
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Lawrence Sweetman
- Institute of Metabolic Disease, Baylor Research Institute, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Manfred Philipp
- Department of Chemistry, Lehman College of the City University of New York, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Sansan Lee
- Hawai'i Community Genetics, Kapi'olani Medical Specialists, Honolulu, Hawaii, United States of America
| | - Mazhar Malik
- Department of Neurochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Song-Yu Yang
- Department of Neurochemistry, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Yang SY, He XY, Miller D. Hydroxysteroid (17β) dehydrogenase X in human health and disease. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2011; 343:1-6. [PMID: 21708223 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 06/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxysteroid (17β) dehydrogenase 10 (HSD10), the HSD17B10 gene product, is a mitochondrial NAD(+)-dependent dehydrogenase. There are two outstanding features of this vital enzyme: (a) the versatility of its catalytic endowment is attributed to the flexibility of its active site to accommodate diverse substrates such as steroids, fatty acids, bile acid, and xenobiotics; (b) its capacity to bind other proteins and peptides. For example, it tightly binds with three identical subunits to compose a homotetramer. The homotetramer then binds with two other proteins, namely, RNA (guanine-9-)methyl-transferase domain containing-1 and KIAA0391, to form mitochondrial RNase P. Furthermore, various HSD10 functions are inhibited when the enzyme is bound by amyloid-β peptide or estrogen receptor alpha. Missense mutations of HSD10 may cause neurodegeneration related to HSD10 deficiency, whereas a silent mutation of HSD10 results in mental retardation, choreoathetosis and abnormal behavior (MRXS10). The clinical condition of some HSD10 patients mimics mitochondrial disorders. Since normal HSD10 function is essential for brain cognitive activity, elevated levels of HSD10 found in brains of Alzheimer disease (AD) patients and mouse AD model might counterbalance the inhibition of HSD10 by amyloid-β peptide. The investigation of HSD10 may lead to a better understanding of AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Yu Yang
- Department of Neurochemistry, NYS Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA.
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Muirhead KEA, Froemming M, Li X, Musilek K, Conway SJ, Sames D, Gunn-Moore FJ. (-)-CHANA, a fluorogenic probe for detecting amyloid binding alcohol dehydrogenase HSD10 activity in living cells. ACS Chem Biol 2010; 5:1105-14. [PMID: 20836522 DOI: 10.1021/cb100199m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The association of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 10 (HSD10) with β-amyloid in the brain is known to contribute to the progression of Alzheimer's disease. Further, it has been shown that the interaction between the purified HSD10 and β-amyloid inhibits its enzymatic activity. However, to date no system has been developed to enable the study of HSD10 activity in intact living cells. To address this significant shortcoming, we have developed a novel fluorogenic probe, (-)-cyclohexenyl amino naphthalene alcohol [(-)-CHANA], to observe and measure the activity of HSD10 in living cells. The oxidation of (-)-CHANA by HSD10 results in the production and accumulation of a fluorescent product, which can be measured using real-time fluorescence microscopy. This compound permits the measurement of mitochondrial HSD10 activity and its inhibition by both a small molecule HSD10 inhibitor and by β-amyloid, in living cells. Herein, we define the parameters under which this probe can be used. This compound is likely to prove useful in future investigations aimed at developing therapeutic compounds targeting the HSD10-β-amyloid association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty E. A. Muirhead
- School of Biology, Medical and Biological Sciences Building, North Haugh, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9TF, United Kingdom
| | - Mary Froemming
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027
| | - Xiaoguang Li
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027
| | - Kamil Musilek
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, Trebesska 1575, 500 01 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Stuart J. Conway
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Dalibor Sames
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027
| | - Frank J. Gunn-Moore
- School of Biology, Medical and Biological Sciences Building, North Haugh, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9TF, United Kingdom
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Li W, Li TT, Liu H, Zhao YY. [Screening and identification of interactive proteins of SH2D4A]. YI CHUAN = HEREDITAS 2010; 32:712-8. [PMID: 20650852 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1005.2010.00712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
SH2D4A is a member of SH2 signaling protein family, which is involved in the signal transduction mediated by protein tyrosine kinase-related receptor, cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, and thereby affects the development of human disorders. To determine the role of SH2D4A in the cell signal transduction pathway, SH2D4A interactive proteins were screened using yeast two-hybrid system, and yeast mating and GST pull-down assays were carried out to further confirm the interaction. We successfully generated a bait protein expression construct-pGBKT7-SH2D4A, screened the human kidney cDNA library, and obtained 46 positive yeast clones. After isolation of positive colonies, DNA sequencing, and sequence alignment analysis with BLAST software, we obtained 5 potential SH2D4A interactive proteins, AZGP1, DAD1, HSD17B10, KAT5, and PKM2, which were predicted by NetPhos 2.0 Server software and were all shown to be phosphorylated tyrosine (pY)-containing proteins except for HSD17B10. KAT5 and HSD17B10 were selected to perform yeast mating and GST pull-down experiments, indicating their direct binding to SH2D4A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Medical genetics, China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.
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Muirhead KEA, Borger E, Aitken L, Conway SJ, Gunn-Moore FJ. The consequences of mitochondrial amyloid beta-peptide in Alzheimer's disease. Biochem J 2010; 426:255-70. [PMID: 20175748 DOI: 10.1042/bj20091941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The Abeta (amyloid-beta peptide) has long been associated with Alzheimer's disease, originally in the form of extracellular plaques. However, in the present paper we review the growing evidence for the role of soluble intracellular Abeta in the disease progression, with particular reference to Abeta found within the mitochondria. Once inside the cell, Abeta is able to interact with a number of targets, including the mitochondrial proteins ABAD (amyloid-binding alcohol dehydrogenase) and CypD (cyclophilin D), which is a component of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. Interference with the normal functions of these proteins results in disruption of cell homoeostasis and ultimately cell death. The present review explores the possible mechanisms by which cell death occurs, considering the evidence presented on a molecular, cellular and in vivo level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty E A Muirhead
- School of Biology, Bute Medical Building, University of St Andrews, Westburn Lane, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9TS, UK.
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Samson M, Labrie F, Luu-The V. Sequential transformation of 4-androstenedione into dihydrotestosterone in prostate carcinoma (DU-145) cells indicates that 4-androstenedione and not testosterone is the substrate of 5α-reductase. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2010; 1:67-72. [DOI: 10.1515/hmbci.2010.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2009] [Accepted: 07/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract: Although it is well recognized that 5α-reductases possess higher affinity for 4-androstenedione than testosterone, and the affinity of 4-androstenedione is higher for 5α-reductases than 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases, it is generally believed that dihydrotestosterone is necessarily produced by the transformation of testosterone into dihydrotestosterone, suggesting that the step catalyzed by 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase precedes the step catalyzed by 5α-reductase. This interpretation is in contradiction with the enzymatic kinetic law that suggests that the 5α-reduction step that catalyzes the transformation of 4-dione into 5α-androstane-3,17-dione precedes the 17keto-reduction step.: To verify which of these two pathways is operative, we quantified mRNA expression levels of steroidogenic enzymes in prostate carcinoma DU-145 cells by real-time PCR and determined the metabolites produced after incubation with [: Real-time PCR analysis strongly suggests that the new type 3 5α-reductase is responsible for 5α-reductase activity in DU-145 cells. Steroid profile analysis shows that in the absence of inhibitor 5α-androstanedione is first produced, followed by the production of androsterone and dihydrotestosterone. The concentration of testosterone was not detectable. In the presence of Finasteride, an inhibitor of 5α-reductase, there was no transformation of 4-androstenedione and also there was no production of testosterone. The present data clearly indicate that the biosynthesis of dihydrotestosterone in DU-145 cells does not require testosterone as intermediate, and the step catalyzed by 5α-reductase precedes the step catalyzed by 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase.
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Mental retardation linked to mutations in the HSD17B10 gene interfering with neurosteroid and isoleucine metabolism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:14820-4. [PMID: 19706438 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0902377106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the HSD17B10 gene were identified in two previously described mentally retarded males. A point mutation c.776G>C was found from a survivor (SV), whereas a potent mutation, c.419C>T, was identified in another deceased case (SF) with undetectable hydroxysteroid (17beta) dehydrogenase 10 (HSD10) activity. Protein levels of mutant HSD10(R130C) in patient SF and HSD10(E249Q) in patient SV were about half that of HSD10 in normal controls. The E249Q mutation appears to affect HSD10 subunit interactions, resulting in an allosteric regulatory enzyme. For catalyzing the oxidation of allopregnanolone by NAD+ the Hill coefficient of the mutant enzyme is approximately 1.3. HSD10(E249Q) was unable to catalyze the dehydrogenation of 2-methyl-3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA and the oxidation of allopregnanolone, a positive modulator of the gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor, at low substrate concentrations. Neurosteroid homeostasis is critical for normal cognitive development, and there is increasing evidence that a blockade of isoleucine catabolism alone does not commonly cause developmental disabilities. The results support the theory that an imbalance in neurosteroid metabolism could be a major cause of the neurological handicap associated with hydroxysteroid (17beta) dehydrogenase 10 deficiency.
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Jazbutyte V, Kehl F, Neyses L, Pelzer T. Estrogen receptor alpha interacts with 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 10 in mitochondria. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 384:450-4. [PMID: 19422801 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.04.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2009] [Accepted: 04/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) is present in the nucleus, the cytosol and in mitochondria. The rat ERalpha ligand binding domain was employed as bait in a bacterial two-hybrid screening of a human heart cDNA library to detect novel protein-protein interaction partners of ERalpha in the heart. 17beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 10 (17beta-HSD10), which converts potent (17beta-estradiol) to less potent estrogens (estrone), co-localized with 17beta-HSD10 in the mitochondria of rat cardiac myocytes. GST pull-down experiments confirmed the interaction of ERalpha and 17beta-HSD10. These findings suggest that the ERalpha estrogen receptor might be involved in regulating intracellular estrogen levels by modulating 17beta-HSD10 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginija Jazbutyte
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University Clinics Wuerzburg, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 2, D20, 97080 Wuerzburg, Germany.
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Moeller G, Adamski J. Integrated view on 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2009; 301:7-19. [PMID: 19027824 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2008.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2008] [Revised: 10/27/2008] [Accepted: 10/27/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
17beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (17beta-HSDs) are important enzymes in steroid metabolism. Long known members of the protein family seemed to be well characterised concerning their role in the regulation of the biological potency of steroid hormones, but today more and more evidence points to pivotal contributions of these enzymes in a variety of other metabolic pathways. Therefore, studies on 17beta-HSDs develop towards metabolomic survey. Latest research results give new insights into the complex metabolic interconnectivity of the 17beta-HSDs. In this paper metabolic activities of 17beta-HSDs will be compared, their interplay with endogenous substrates summarised, and interlacing pathways depicted. Strategies on deciphering the physiological role of 17beta-HSDs and the genetic predisposition for associated diseases will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Moeller
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Experimental Genetics, Genome Analysis Center, Neuherberg, Germany.
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Mindnich R, Adamski J. Zebrafish 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases: an evolutionary perspective. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2009; 301:20-6. [PMID: 19111899 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2008.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2008] [Revised: 12/02/2008] [Accepted: 12/03/2008] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The term 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17beta-HSD) describes an enzyme that stereospecifically reduces or oxidizes a keto- or hydroxy group at C17 of the steroid scaffold, respectively. Fourteen mammalian 17beta-HSDs have been identified so far and nine sequence homologs are found in zebrafish. 17beta-HSDs additionally active in fatty acid metabolism display high sequence conservation and widespread tissue expression. Homologs of these multifunctional 17beta-HSDs have been identified in flies, worms and yeast, and steroid-converting activity was demonstrated in some cases. The "classical" 17beta-HSDs, types 1, 2 and 3, are steroid-specific enzymes expressed in few tissues. They may have arisen at the beginning of vertebrate evolution allowing new, differently controlled modes of steroid hormone action. These findings reflect on two aspects: (1) the evolutionary origin of steroid-specific enzymes and (2) a possible conservation of steroid hormone function in invertebrates through currently unknown mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Mindnich
- University of Pennsylvania, School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, 3620 Hamilton Walk, 135 John Morgan Building, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Yu Y, Wu J, Fan Y, Lv Z, Guo X, Zhao C, Zhou R, Zhang Z, Wang F, Xiao M, Chen L, Zhu H, Chen W, Lin M, Liu J, Zhou Z, Wang L, Huo R, Zhou Q, Sha J. Evaluation of blastomere biopsy using a mouse model indicates the potential high risk of neurodegenerative disorders in the offspring. Mol Cell Proteomics 2009; 8:1490-500. [PMID: 19279043 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m800273-mcp200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), used in clinical practice, is offered to couples that may suffer from a monogenetic disorder, chromosome aneuploidy, or X-linked disease. However, blastomere biopsy, as an indispensable manipulation during the PGD procedure has not been assessed for its long term health implications. Using a mouse model, we investigated the effect of blastomere biopsy of in vitro cultured four-cell embryos on preimplantation development efficiency, postnatal growth, and physiological and behavioral activity compared with control, non-biopsied embryos. The mice generated after blastomere biopsy showed weight increase and some memory decline compared with the control group. Further protein expression profiles in adult brains were analyzed by a proteomics approach. A total of 36 proteins were identified with significant differences between the biopsied and control groups, and the alterations in expression of most of these proteins have been associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore hypomyelination of the nerve fibers was observed in the brains of mice in the biopsied group. This study suggested that the nervous system may be sensitive to blastomere biopsy procedures and indicated an increased relative risk of neurodegenerative disorders in the offspring generated following blastomere biopsy. Thus, more studies should be performed to address the possible adverse effects of blastomere biopsy on the development of offspring, and the overall safety of PGD technology should be more rigorously assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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