1
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Youssef SSM, Ibrahim NK, El-Sonbaty SM, El-Din Ezz MK. Rutin Suppresses DMBA Carcinogenesis in the Breast Through Modulating IL-6/NF-κB, SRC1/HSP90 and ER-α. Nat Prod Commun 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x221118213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rutin dietary supplements may offer pharmacological benefits as anticancer and antiinflammatory properties. This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory and protective effect of rutin on signaling pathways of mammary gland carcinogenesis expermintally induced in female rats by 7,12-di-methyl benz (a) anthracene (DMBA). Results showed that rutin administration ameliorated DMBA toxicity and carcinogic effect on kidney and liver revealed by a significant decrease of urea and creatinine levels, and the activity of the liver enzymes alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). The antioxidant state indicated by the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was significantly increased accompanied by a reduction in the inflammatory markers of interleukin-1β (IL-1B), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) with induction of apoptosis indicated by a significant increase in caspase-3 level. Rutin significantly reduced the levels of the tumor markers carcinoma antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3) and proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src1 (Src1). along with downregulation of nuclear factor-kB (NF-κB), heat shock protein 90 (HSP 90), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene expression. The present study demonstrated the beneficial anticancer activity of rutin as a protective and therapeutic agent. Rutin induces its antitumor activity through elevation of the antioxidant state, inhibition of inflammatory cytokines, downregulation of oncogenes expression, and stimulation of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nashwa K Ibrahim
- National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Egypt
| | - Sawsan M El-Sonbaty
- National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Egypt
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2
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Chen L, Wu Z, Yang L, Chen Y, Wang W, Cheng L, Li C, Lv D, Xia L, Chen J, Tang L, Zhang LI, Zhang S, Luo J. Nitric oxide in multikinase inhibitor-induced hand-foot skin reaction. Transl Res 2022; 245:82-98. [PMID: 35189405 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Hand-foot skin reaction (HFSR) is the most debilitating and prevalent side effect caused by multikinase inhibitors (MKIs) that share vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) as the common inhibition target, such as sorafenib, regorafenib, axitinib, etc. Though not life-threatening, HFSR can significantly deteriorate patients' quality of life and jeopardize the continuity of cancer therapy. Despite years of efforts, there are no FDA-approved treatments for HFSR and the understanding of the precise pathogenic mechanism is still limited. In this study, we hypothesized that nitric oxide has the potential therapeutic effect to reverse the toxicity caused by MKI through upregulation of several VEGF/VEGFR downstream signaling pathways. We found that glyceryl trinitrate (GTN), a nitric oxide donor, could stimulate cell proliferation, migration, and protect cells from apoptosis induced by MKIs in vitro. Local application of GTN mitigated tissue damage in a rat model, while not impacting the anti-tumor effect of the MKI in HepG2 tumor-bearing mice. Finally, GTN ointment alleviated cutaneous damages and improved quality of life in 6 HFSR patients. Our study proposed and validated the mechanism to counteract VEGFR inhibition, providing GTN as the potential treatment to MKI-induced HFSR, which may further improve the therapeutic window of various MKI based cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leying Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaoyu Wu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Linan Yang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuyun Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhong Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liting Cheng
- Medical Research Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chong Li
- Medical Research Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dazhao Lv
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liangyong Xia
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Chen
- Department of Dermatopathology, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lina Tang
- Department of Oncology, the 6th People' Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - L I Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China..
| | - Shiyi Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China..
| | - Jie Luo
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China..
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3
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Ma H, Zhang J, Zhou L, Wen S, Tang HY, Jiang B, Zhang F, Suleman M, Sun D, Chen A, Zhao W, Lin F, Tsau MT, Shih LM, Xie C, Li X, Lin D, Hung LM, Cheng ML, Li Q. c-Src Promotes Tumorigenesis and Tumor Progression by Activating PFKFB3. Cell Rep 2021; 30:4235-4249.e6. [PMID: 32209481 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Reprogramming of glucose metabolism is a key event in tumorigenesis and progression. Here, we show that active c-Src stimulates glycolysis by phosphorylating (Tyr194) and activating PFKFB3, a key enzyme that boosts glycolysis by producing fructose-2,6-bisphosphate and activating PFK1. Increased glycolysis intermediates replenish non-oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and serine pathway for biosynthesis of cancer cells. PFKFB3 knockout (KO) cells and their counterpart reconstituted with PFKFB3-Y194F show comparably impaired abilities for proliferation, migration, and xenograft formation. Furthermore, PFKFB3-Y194F knockin mice show impaired glycolysis and, mating of these mice with APCmin/+ mice attenuates spontaneous colon cancer formation in APCmin/+ mice. In summary, we identify a specific mechanism by which c-Src mediates glucose metabolism to meet cancer cells' requirements for maximal biosynthesis and proliferation. The PFKFB3-Tyr194 phosphorylation level highly correlates with c-Src activity in clinical tumor samples, indicating its potential as an evaluation for tumor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Shixiong Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Hsiang-Yu Tang
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
| | - Bin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Fengqiong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Muhammad Suleman
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Dachao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Ai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Wentao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Furong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Ming-Tong Tsau
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
| | - Lu-Min Shih
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan
| | - Changchuan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Xiaotong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Donghai Lin
- Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Li-Man Hung
- Department and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan; Center for Healthy and Aging Research, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan; Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan.
| | - Mei-Ling Cheng
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 33302, Taiwan; Department and Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan 33302, Taiwan; Clinical Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.
| | - Qinxi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China; Cancer Research Center of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China.
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4
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eNOS-dependent S-nitrosylation of the NF-κB subunit p65 has neuroprotective effects. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:4. [PMID: 33414434 PMCID: PMC7790835 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03338-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Cell death by glutamate excitotoxicity, mediated by N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, negatively impacts brain function, including but not limited to hippocampal neurons. The NF-κB transcription factor (composed mainly of p65/p50 subunits) contributes to neuronal death in excitotoxicity, while its inhibition should improve cell survival. Using the biotin switch method, subcellular fractionation, immunofluorescence, and luciferase reporter assays, we found that NMDA-stimulated NF-κB activity selectively in hippocampal neurons, while endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), an enzyme expressed in neurons, is involved in the S-nitrosylation of p65 and consequent NF-κB inhibition in cerebrocortical, i.e., resistant neurons. The S-nitro proteomes of cortical and hippocampal neurons revealed that different biological processes are regulated by S-nitrosylation in susceptible and resistant neurons, bringing to light that protein S-nitrosylation is a ubiquitous post-translational modification, able to influence a variety of biological processes including the homeostatic inhibition of the NF-κB transcriptional activity in cortical neurons exposed to NMDA receptor overstimulation.
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5
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Veith C, Hristova M, Danyal K, Habibovic A, Dustin CM, McDonough JE, Vanaudenaerde BM, Kreuter M, Schneider MA, Kahn N, van Schooten FJ, Boots AW, van der Vliet A. Profibrotic epithelial TGF-β1 signaling involves NOX4-mitochondria cross talk and redox-mediated activation of the tyrosine kinase FYN. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 320:L356-L367. [PMID: 33325804 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00444.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by a disturbed redox balance and increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which is believed to contribute to epithelial injury and fibrotic lung scarring. The main pulmonary sources of ROS include mitochondria and NADPH oxidases (NOXs), of which the NOX4 isoform has been implicated in IPF. Non-receptor SRC tyrosine kinases (SFK) are important for cellular homeostasis and are often dysregulated in lung diseases. SFK activation by the profibrotic transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is thought to contribute to pulmonary fibrosis, but the relevant SFK isoform and its relationship to NOX4 and/or mitochondrial ROS in the context of profibrotic TGF-β signaling is not known. Here, we demonstrate that TGF-β1 can rapidly activate the SRC kinase FYN in human bronchial epithelial cells, which subsequently induces mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) production, genetic damage shown by the DNA damage marker γH2AX, and increased expression of profibrotic genes. Moreover, TGF-β1-induced activation of FYN involves initial activation of NOX4 and direct cysteine oxidation of FYN, and both FYN and mtROS contribute to TGF-β-induced induction of NOX4. NOX4 expression in lung tissues of IPF patients is positively correlated with disease severity, although FYN expression is down-regulated in IPF and does not correlate with disease severity. Collectively, our findings highlight a critical role for FYN in TGF-β1-induced mtROS production, DNA damage response, and induction of profibrotic genes in bronchial epithelial cells, and suggest that altered expression and activation of NOX4 and FYN may contribute to the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Veith
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition, Translational Research and Metabolism, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Milena Hristova
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Karamatullah Danyal
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Aida Habibovic
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Christopher M Dustin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - John E McDonough
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism, and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bart M Vanaudenaerde
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism, and Ageing, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Michael Kreuter
- Center for Interstitial and Rare Lung Diseases, Pneumology, Thoraxklinik, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc A Schneider
- Translational Research Unit, Thoraxklinik, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nicolas Kahn
- Center for Interstitial and Rare Lung Diseases, Pneumology, Thoraxklinik, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frederik J van Schooten
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition, Translational Research and Metabolism, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Agnes W Boots
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition, Translational Research and Metabolism, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Albert van der Vliet
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
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6
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Sudo M, Hashimoto K, Yoshinaga M, Azimi MD, Fayaz SH, Hamajima N, Kondo-Ida L, Yanagisawa K, Kato M. Lithium promotes malignant transformation of nontumorigenic cells in vitro. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 744:140830. [PMID: 32721671 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Because of the deficiency of water caused by the regional disparities of rainfall due to global warming, attention has been given to the use of well water as drinking water in developing countries. Our fieldwork study in Afghanistan showed that there was a maximum value of 3371 μg/L and an average value of 233 μg/L of lithium in well drinking water. Since the level of lithium in well water is higher than the levels in other countries, we investigated the health risk of lithium. After confirming no influence of ≤1000 μM lithium on cell viability, we found that lithium at concentrations of 100 and 500 μM promoted anchorage-independent growth of human immortalized keratinocytes (HaCaT) and lung epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) but not that of human keratinocytic carcinoma cells (HSC-5) or lung epithelial carcinoma cells (A549). The same concentrations of lithium also promoted phosphorylation of c-SRC and MEK/ERK but not that of AKT in the keratinocytes. Inhibitors of c-SRC (PP2) and MEK (PD98059) suppressed the lithium-induced increase in anchorage-independent growth of the keratinocytes. Our results suggested that lithium promoted transformation of nontumorigenic cells rather than progression of tumorigenic cells with preferential activation of the c-SRC/MEK/ERK pathway. Since previous pharmacokinetics studies indicated that it is possible for the serum level of lithium to reach 100 μM by drinking 2.5 L of water containing 3371 μg/L of lithium per day, the high level of lithium contamination in well drinking water in Kabul might be a potential oncogenic risk in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Sudo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazunori Hashimoto
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Voluntary Body, International Health Care in Universities, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masafumi Yoshinaga
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mohammad Daud Azimi
- Department of Human Resources, Ministry of Public Health, Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Said Hafizullah Fayaz
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Administrative Office of the President, Deputy Public Relations and Outreach, Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Nobuyuki Hamajima
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Lisa Kondo-Ida
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Molecular and Cancer Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Yanagisawa
- Department of Molecular and Cancer Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masashi Kato
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Voluntary Body, International Health Care in Universities, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Aichi, Japan.
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7
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Kato M, Ohgami N, Ohnuma S, Hashimoto K, Tazaki A, Xu H, Kondo-Ida L, Yuan T, Tsuchiyama T, He T, Kurniasari F, Gu Y, Chen W, Deng Y, Komuro K, Tong K, Yajima I. Multidisciplinary approach to assess the toxicities of arsenic and barium in drinking water. Environ Health Prev Med 2020; 25:16. [PMID: 32460744 PMCID: PMC7254659 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-020-00855-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Well water could be a stable source of drinking water. Recently, the use of well water as drinking water has been encouraged in developing countries. However, many kinds of disorders caused by toxic elements in well drinking water have been reported. It is our urgent task to resolve the global issue of element-originating diseases. In this review article, our multidisciplinary approaches focusing on oncogenic toxicities and disturbances of sensory organs (skin and ear) induced by arsenic and barium are introduced. First, our environmental monitoring in developing countries in Asia showed elevated concentrations of arsenic and barium in well drinking water. Then our experimental studies in mice and our epidemiological studies in humans showed arsenic-mediated increased risks of hyperpigmented skin and hearing loss with partial elucidation of their mechanisms. Our experimental studies using cultured cells with focus on the expression and activity levels of intracellular signal transduction molecules such as c-SRC, c-RET, and oncogenic RET showed risks for malignant transformation and/or progression arose from arsenic and barium. Finally, our original hydrotalcite-like compound was proposed as a novel remediation system to effectively remove arsenic and barium from well drinking water. Hopefully, comprehensive studies consisting of (1) environmental monitoring, (2) health risk assessments, and (3) remediation will be expanded in the field of environmental health to prevent various disorders caused by environmental factors including toxic elements in drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Kato
- Departments of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan. .,Voluntary Body for International Health Care in Universities, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Nobutaka Ohgami
- Departments of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan.,Voluntary Body for International Health Care in Universities, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Shoko Ohnuma
- Voluntary Body for International Health Care in Universities, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kazunori Hashimoto
- Departments of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan.,Voluntary Body for International Health Care in Universities, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Akira Tazaki
- Departments of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan.,Voluntary Body for International Health Care in Universities, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Huadong Xu
- Departments of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan.,Voluntary Body for International Health Care in Universities, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Lisa Kondo-Ida
- Departments of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan.,Voluntary Body for International Health Care in Universities, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Tian Yuan
- Departments of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan.,Voluntary Body for International Health Care in Universities, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Tsuchiyama
- Departments of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Tingchao He
- Departments of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan.,Voluntary Body for International Health Care in Universities, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Fitri Kurniasari
- Departments of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan.,Voluntary Body for International Health Care in Universities, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yishuo Gu
- Departments of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan.,Voluntary Body for International Health Care in Universities, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Wei Chen
- Departments of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan.,Voluntary Body for International Health Care in Universities, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yuqi Deng
- Departments of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan.,Voluntary Body for International Health Care in Universities, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kanako Komuro
- Departments of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan.,Voluntary Body for International Health Care in Universities, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Keming Tong
- Departments of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan.,Voluntary Body for International Health Care in Universities, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Ichiro Yajima
- Departments of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan.,Voluntary Body for International Health Care in Universities, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550, Japan
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8
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Dustin CM, Heppner DE, Lin MCJ, van der Vliet A. Redox regulation of tyrosine kinase signalling: more than meets the eye. J Biochem 2020; 167:151-163. [PMID: 31599960 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvz085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinases are essential mediators of cellular signal transduction and are often dysregulated in disease. Among these, protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) have received specific interest due to their common roles in various diseases including cancer, and emerging observations indicating that PTK signalling pathways are susceptible to regulation by reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are also frequently implicated in disease pathology. While it is well recognized that ROS can impact on tyrosine kinase signalling by inhibiting tyrosine phosphatases, more recent studies highlight additional modes of redox-based regulation of tyrosine kinase signalling by direct redox modification of non-catalytic cysteines within tyrosine kinases or other protein components of this signalling pathway. In this review, we will present recent advancements with respect to redox-based mechanisms in regulating PTK signalling, with a specific focus on recent studies demonstrating direct redox regulation of Src-family kinases and epidermal growth factor receptor kinases. Importantly, redox-based modulation of tyrosine kinases may be relevant for many other kinases and has implications for current approaches to develop pharmacological inhibitors for these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Dustin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - David E Heppner
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Miao-Chong J Lin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Albert van der Vliet
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
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9
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Knock GA. NADPH oxidase in the vasculature: Expression, regulation and signalling pathways; role in normal cardiovascular physiology and its dysregulation in hypertension. Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 145:385-427. [PMID: 31585207 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The last 20-25 years have seen an explosion of interest in the role of NADPH oxidase (NOX) in cardiovascular function and disease. In vascular smooth muscle and endothelium, NOX generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) that act as second messengers, contributing to the control of normal vascular function. NOX activity is altered in response to a variety of stimuli, including G-protein coupled receptor agonists, growth-factors, perfusion pressure, flow and hypoxia. NOX-derived ROS are involved in smooth muscle constriction, endothelium-dependent relaxation and smooth muscle growth, proliferation and migration, thus contributing to the fine-tuning of blood flow, arterial wall thickness and vascular resistance. Through reversible oxidative modification of target proteins, ROS regulate the activity of protein tyrosine phosphatases, kinases, G proteins, ion channels, cytoskeletal proteins and transcription factors. There is now considerable, but somewhat contradictory evidence that NOX contributes to the pathogenesis of hypertension through oxidative stress. Specific NOX isoforms have been implicated in endothelial dysfunction, hyper-contractility and vascular remodelling in various animal models of hypertension, pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary arterial hypertension, but also have potential protective effects, particularly NOX4. This review explores the multiplicity of NOX function in the healthy vasculature and the evidence for and against targeting NOX for antihypertensive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg A Knock
- Dpt. of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, UK.
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10
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Sillar JR, Germon ZP, De Iuliis GN, Dun MD. The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Acute Myeloid Leukaemia. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20236003. [PMID: 31795243 PMCID: PMC6929020 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20236003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is an aggressive haematological malignancy with a poor overall survival. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been shown to be elevated in a wide range of cancers including AML. Whilst previously thought to be mere by-products of cellular metabolism, it is now clear that ROS modulate the function of signalling proteins through oxidation of critical cysteine residues. In this way, ROS have been shown to regulate normal haematopoiesis as well as promote leukaemogenesis in AML. In addition, ROS promote genomic instability by damaging DNA, which promotes chemotherapy resistance. The source of ROS in AML appears to be derived from members of the “NOX family” of NADPH oxidases. Most studies link NOX-derived ROS to activating mutations in the Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) and Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate (Ras). Targeting ROS through either ROS induction or ROS inhibition provides a novel therapeutic target in AML. In this review, we summarise the role of ROS in normal haematopoiesis and in AML. We also explore the current treatments that modulate ROS levels in AML and discuss emerging drug targets based on pre-clinical work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R. Sillar
- Haematology Department, Calvary Mater Hospital, Newcastle, NSW 2298, Australia
- Cancer Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, Faculty of Health & Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia;
- Priority Research Centre for Cancer Research, Innovation & Translation, Faculty of Health & Medicine, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
- Correspondence: (J.R.S.); (M.D.D.); Tel.: +612-4921-5693 (M.D.D.)
| | - Zacary P. Germon
- Cancer Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, Faculty of Health & Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia;
- Priority Research Centre for Cancer Research, Innovation & Translation, Faculty of Health & Medicine, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Geoffry N. De Iuliis
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia;
| | - Matthew D. Dun
- Cancer Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, Faculty of Health & Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia;
- Priority Research Centre for Cancer Research, Innovation & Translation, Faculty of Health & Medicine, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
- Correspondence: (J.R.S.); (M.D.D.); Tel.: +612-4921-5693 (M.D.D.)
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11
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Huang L, Wyse BD, Williams CM, Smith MT. Nitric oxide modulates μ-opioid receptor function in vitro. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2019; 46:676-685. [PMID: 30933370 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN) is a type of peripheral neuropathic pain that develops as a consequence of prolonged hyperglycaemia-induced injury to the long nerves. Apart from pain, PDN is also characterized by morphine hyposensitivity. Intriguingly, in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats exhibiting marked morphine hyposensitivity, dietary administration of the nitric oxide (NO) precursor, L-arginine at 1 g/d, progressively rescued morphine efficacy and potency over an 8-week treatment period. In earlier work, single bolus doses of the furoxan nitric oxide (NO) donor, PRG150 (3-methylfuroxan-4-carbaldehyde), evoked dose-dependent pain relief in STZ-diabetic rats but the efficacious doses were 3-4 orders of magnitude higher in advanced diabetes than that required in early STZ diabetes. Together, these findings suggested a role for NO in the modulation of μ-opioid (MOP) receptor signalling. Therefore, the present study was designed to assess a role for NO released from PRG150, in modulating MOP receptor function in vitro. Here, we show an absolute requirement for the MOP receptor, but not the δ-opioid (DOP) or the κ-opioid (KOP) receptor, to transduce the cellular effects of PRG150 on forskolin-stimulated cAMP responses in vitro. PRG150 did not interact with the classical naloxone-sensitive binding site of the MOP receptor, and its effects on cAMP responses in HEK-MOP cells were also naloxone-insensitive. Nevertheless, the inhibitory effects of PRG150 on forskolin-stimulated cAMP responses in HEK-MOP cells were dependent upon pertussis toxin (PTX)-sensitive Gi/o proteins as well as membrane lipid rafts and src kinase. Together, our findings implicate a role for NO in modulating MOP receptor function in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lillian Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Bruce D Wyse
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Craig M Williams
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Maree T Smith
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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12
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Chen H, Chen X, Luo Y, Shen J. Potential molecular targets of peroxynitrite in mediating blood–brain barrier damage and haemorrhagic transformation in acute ischaemic stroke with delayed tissue plasminogen activator treatment. Free Radic Res 2018; 52:1220-1239. [PMID: 30468092 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2018.1521519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hansen Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, PR China
- Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Core Facility, the People’s Hospital of Bao-an Shenzhen, Shenzhen, PR China
- The 8th People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, the Affiliated Bao-an Hospital of Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Yunhao Luo
- School of Chinese Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Jiangang Shen
- School of Chinese Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, PR China
- Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU-SIRI), University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
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13
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Src drives the Warburg effect and therapy resistance by inactivating pyruvate dehydrogenase through tyrosine-289 phosphorylation. Oncotarget 2018; 7:25113-24. [PMID: 26848621 PMCID: PMC5041892 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The Warburg effect, which reflects cancer cells' preference for aerobic glycolysis over glucose oxidation, contributes to tumor growth, progression and therapy resistance. The restraint on pyruvate flux into mitochondrial oxidative metabolism in cancer cells is in part attributed to the inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex. Src is a prominent oncogenic non-receptor tyrosine kinase that promotes cancer cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis and resistance to conventional and targeted therapies. However, the potential role of Src in tumor metabolism remained unclear. Here we report that activation of Src attenuated PDH activity and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Conversely, Src inhibitors activated PDH and increased cellular ROS levels. Src inactivated PDH through direct phosphorylation of tyrosine-289 of PDH E1α subunit (PDHA1). Indeed, Src was the main kinase responsible for PDHA1 tyrosine phosphorylation in cancer cells. Expression of a tyrosine-289 non-phosphorable PDHA1 mutant in Src-hyperactivated cancer cells restored PDH activity, increased mitochondrial respiration and oxidative stress, decreased experimental metastasis, and sensitized cancer cells to pro-oxidant treatment. The results suggest that Src contributes to the Warburg phenotype by inactivating PDH through tyrosine phosphorylation, and the metabolic effect of Src is essential for Src-driven malignancy and therapy resistance. Combination therapies consisting of both Src inhibitors and pro-oxidants may improve anticancer efficacy.
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14
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Xu Q, Huff LP, Fujii M, Griendling KK. Redox regulation of the actin cytoskeleton and its role in the vascular system. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 109:84-107. [PMID: 28285002 PMCID: PMC5497502 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton is critical for form and function of vascular cells, serving mechanical, organizational and signaling roles. Because many cytoskeletal proteins are sensitive to reactive oxygen species, redox regulation has emerged as a pivotal modulator of the actin cytoskeleton and its associated proteins. Here, we summarize work implicating oxidants in altering actin cytoskeletal proteins and focus on how these alterations affect cell migration, proliferation and contraction of vascular cells. Finally, we discuss the role of oxidative modification of the actin cytoskeleton in vivo and highlight its importance for vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Xu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, 101 Woodruff Circle, 308a WMB, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lauren P Huff
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, 101 Woodruff Circle, 308a WMB, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Masakazu Fujii
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Japan
| | - Kathy K Griendling
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, 101 Woodruff Circle, 308a WMB, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States.
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15
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Feng F, Jin Y, Duan L, Yan Z, Wang S, Li F, Liu Y, Samet JM, Wu W. Regulation of ozone-induced lung inflammation by the epidermal growth factor receptor in mice. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2016; 31:2016-2027. [PMID: 26464147 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Human exposure to the highly reactive oxidant gas Ozone (O3 ) is associated with inflammatory responses in the airway epithelium. The mechanisms responsible have not been fully elucidated. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has previously been shown to play a critical role in the pathogenesis of lung inflammation. To define the role of EGFR in O3 -induced lung inflammation in mice. 40 BALB/c mice were exposed to filtered air (FA) or (0.25, 0.5, 1.00 ppm) O3 for 3 h per day for 7 consecutive days. Levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), EGF, and transforming growth factor α (TGF-α) in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of mice were measured using ELISA. BALB/c mice were intratracheally instilled with the EGFR kinase inhibitor PD153035 2 h prior to O3 exposure and every other day thereafter. Phosphorylation of EGFR (Y1068) in lung sections was determined using immunohistochemical staining and western blot 24 h after exposure. Inhalation of O3 induced pronounced lung inflammation in a dose-dependent manner. Levels of ROS, TGF-α, and total proteins and cells in the BALF of mice exposed to 0.5 ppm or 1.0 ppm of O3 were markedly elevated relative to those in the BALF of the mice exposed to FA. In addition, exposure to O3 induced EGFR(Y1068) phosphorylation in the airway epithelium. Administration of PD153035 resulted in a significantly reduced lung inflammation as well as EGFR phosphorylation induced by O3 exposure. Inhalation of O3 leads to inflammatory responses that are dependent on the activation the EGFR in the airway epithelium. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 31: 2016-2027, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Feng
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuefei Jin
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liju Duan
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhen Yan
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shouying Wang
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, China
| | - Fangfang Li
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, China
| | - Yingying Liu
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, China
| | - James M Samet
- Environmental Public Health Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Weidong Wu
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, China
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16
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Plecitá-Hlavatá L, Ježek P. Integration of superoxide formation and cristae morphology for mitochondrial redox signaling. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 80:31-50. [PMID: 27640755 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial network provides the central cell's energetic and regulatory unit, which besides ATP and metabolite production participates in cellular signaling through regulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and various protein/ion fluxes. The inner membrane forms extensive folds, called cristae, i.e. cavities enfolded from and situated perpendicularly to its inner boundary membrane portion, which encompasses an inner cylinder within the outer membrane tubule. Mitochondrial cristae ultramorphology reflects various metabolic, physiological or pathological states. Since the mitochondrion is typically a predominant superoxide source and generated ROS also serve for the creation of information redox signals, we review known relationships between ROS generation within the respiratory chain complexes of cristae and cristae morphology. Notably, it is emphasized that cristae shape is governed by ATP-synthase dimers, MICOS complexes, OPA1 isoforms and the umbrella of their regulation, and also dependent on local protonmotive force (electrical potential component) in cristae. Cristae are also affected by redox-sensitive kinases/phosphatases or p66SHC. ATP-synthase dimers decrease in the inflated intracristal space, diminishing pH and hypothetically having minimal superoxide formation. Matrix-released signaling superoxide/H2O2 is predominantly integrated along mitochondrial tubules, whereas the diffusion of intracristal signaling ROS species is controlled by crista junctions, the widening of which enables specific retrograde redox signaling such as during hypoxic cell adaptation. Other physiological cases of H2O2 release from the mitochondrion include the modulation of insulin release in pancreatic β-cells, enhancement of insulin signaling in peripheral tissues, signaling by T-cell receptors, retrograde signaling during the cell cycle and cell differentiation, specifically that of adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydie Plecitá-Hlavatá
- Department of Membrane Transport Biophysics, No.75, Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Ježek
- Department of Membrane Transport Biophysics, No.75, Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.
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17
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Matchkov VV, Krivoi II. Specialized Functional Diversity and Interactions of the Na,K-ATPase. Front Physiol 2016; 7:179. [PMID: 27252653 PMCID: PMC4879863 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Na,K-ATPase is a protein ubiquitously expressed in the plasma membrane of all animal cells and vitally essential for their functions. A specialized functional diversity of the Na,K-ATPase isozymes is provided by molecular heterogeneity, distinct subcellular localizations, and functional interactions with molecular environment. Studies over the last decades clearly demonstrated complex and isoform-specific reciprocal functional interactions between the Na,K-ATPase and neighboring proteins and lipids. These interactions are enabled by a spatially restricted ion homeostasis, direct protein-protein/lipid interactions, and protein kinase signaling pathways. In addition to its "classical" function in ion translocation, the Na,K-ATPase is now considered as one of the most important signaling molecules in neuronal, epithelial, skeletal, cardiac and vascular tissues. Accordingly, the Na,K-ATPase forms specialized sub-cellular multimolecular microdomains which act as receptors to circulating endogenous cardiotonic steroids (CTS) triggering a number of signaling pathways. Changes in these endogenous cardiotonic steroid levels and initiated signaling responses have significant adaptive values for tissues and whole organisms under numerous physiological and pathophysiological conditions. This review discusses recent progress in the studies of functional interactions between the Na,K-ATPase and molecular microenvironment, the Na,K-ATPase-dependent signaling pathways and their significance for diversity of cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Igor I Krivoi
- Department of General Physiology, St. Petersburg State University St. Petersburg, Russia
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18
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Zhang H, Forman HJ. 4-Hydroxynonenal activates Src through a non-canonical pathway that involves EGFR/PTP1B. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 89:701-7. [PMID: 26453921 PMCID: PMC4684732 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Src, a non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase involved in many biological processes, can be activated through both redox-dependent and independent mechanisms. 4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) is a lipid peroxidation product that is increased in pathophysiological conditions associated with Src activation. This study examined how HNE activates human c-Src. In the canonical pathway Src activation is initiated by dephosphorylation of pTyr530 followed by conformational change that causes Src auto-phosphorylation at Tyr419 and its activation. HNE increased Src activation in both dose- and time-dependent manner, while it also increased Src phosphorylation at Tyr530 (pTyr530 Src), suggesting that HNE activated Src via a non-canonical mechanism. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitor (539741), at concentrations that increased basal pTyr530 Src, also increased basal Src activity and significantly reduced HNE-mediated Src activation. The EGFR inhibitor, AG1478, and EGFR silencing, abrogated HNE-mediated EGFR activation and inhibited basal and HNE-induced Src activity. In addition, AG1478 also eliminated the increase of basal Src activation by a PTP1B inhibitor. Taken together these data suggest that HNE can activate Src partly through a non-canonical pathway involving activation of EGFR and inhibition of PTP1B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqiao Zhang
- Andrus Gerontology Center, Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern, California
| | - Henry Jay Forman
- Andrus Gerontology Center, Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern, California.
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19
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Devarie-Baez NO, Silva Lopez EI, Furdui CM. Biological chemistry and functionality of protein sulfenic acids and related thiol modifications. Free Radic Res 2015; 50:172-94. [PMID: 26340608 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2015.1090571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Selective modification of proteins at cysteine residues by reactive oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur species formed under physiological and pathological states is emerging as a critical regulator of protein activity impacting cellular function. This review focuses primarily on protein sulfenylation (-SOH), a metastable reversible modification connecting reduced cysteine thiols to many products of cysteine oxidation. An overview is first provided on the chemistry principles underlining synthesis, stability and reactivity of sulfenic acids in model compounds and proteins, followed by a brief description of analytical methods currently employed to characterize these oxidative species. The following chapters present a selection of redox-regulated proteins for which the -SOH formation was experimentally confirmed and linked to protein function. These chapters are organized based on the participation of these proteins in the regulation of signaling, metabolism and epigenetics. The last chapter discusses the therapeutic implications of altered redox microenvironment and protein oxidation in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelmi O Devarie-Baez
- a Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine , Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem , NC , USA
| | - Elsa I Silva Lopez
- a Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine , Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem , NC , USA
| | - Cristina M Furdui
- a Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Molecular Medicine , Wake Forest School of Medicine , Winston-Salem , NC , USA
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20
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Kato M, Omata Y, Iida M, Kumasaka MY, Ohgami N, Li X, Zou C, Nakano C, Kato Y, Ohgami K, Ohnuma S, Yajima I. [Development of Preventive Therapy by Clarification of Mechanisms of Environmental-Factor-Mediated Diseases]. Nihon Eiseigaku Zasshi 2015; 70:176-80. [PMID: 26411934 DOI: 10.1265/jjh.70.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Environmental factors affecting human health are generally classified into physical, chemical and biological factors. In this review article, we focus on ultraviolet (UV) as a physical factor, heavy metals as a chemical factor and Japanese cedar pollens as a biological factor. Since we believe that progress based on both fieldwork research and experimental research is essential in hygiene study, we included the results of both the research approached. We first introduced the mechanism of development of and prevention of UV-mediated skin melanoma in our experimental research after showing our epidemiological research on UV-mediated DNA damage in humans. We then introduced our evaluation of toxicity and development of a remediation system in our experimental research on heavy metals after showing our fieldwork research for the monitoring of drinking water from wells in Asian countries. We finally introduced the results of pathogenic analysis of pollinosis in our clinical study. We would be very happy if young researchers would re-realize the importance of experimental research as well as epidemiological research in hygiene study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Kato
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
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21
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Pannexin 1 channels regulate leukocyte emigration through the venous endothelium during acute inflammation. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7965. [PMID: 26242575 PMCID: PMC4824045 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory cell recruitment to local sites of tissue injury and/or infection is controlled by a plethora of signalling processes influencing cell-to-cell interactions between the vascular endothelial cells (ECs) in post-capillary venules and circulating leukocytes. Recently, ATP-sensitive P2Y purinergic receptors have emerged as downstream regulators of EC activation in vascular inflammation. However, the mechanism(s) regulating cellular ATP release in this response remains elusive. Here we report that the ATP-release channel Pannexin1 (Panx1) opens downstream of EC activation by TNF-α. This process involves activation of type-1 TNF receptors, recruitment of Src family kinases (SFK) and SFK-dependent phosphorylation of Panx1. Using an inducible, EC-specific Panx1 knockout mouse line, we report a previously unidentified role for Panx1 channels in promoting leukocyte adhesion and emigration through the venous wall during acute systemic inflammation, placing Panx1 channels at the centre of cytokine crosstalk with purinergic signalling in the endothelium. Endothelial cell activation by inflammation requires extracellular ATP release. Here the authors show that TNF-α induces Src-family kinase-dependent ATP release by Pannexin1 channels in endothelial cells, and that Pannexin1 is required for leukocyte adhesion and emigration into the inflamed tissue.
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22
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Chen HC, Chien WC, Chang MY, Hsieh MY, Lai MD, Maa MC, Leu TH. The iNOS/Src/FAK axis contributes to lithium chloride-mediated macrophage migration. Nitric Oxide 2015; 47:58-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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23
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Cheng WE, Ying Chang M, Wei JY, Chen YJ, Maa MC, Leu TH. Berberine reduces Toll-like receptor-mediated macrophage migration by suppression of Src enhancement. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 757:1-10. [PMID: 25796198 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Berberine is an isoquinoline with anti-inflammatory activity. We previously demonstrated that there was a loop of signal amplification between nuclear factor kappa B and Src for macrophage mobility triggered by the engagement of Toll-like receptors (TLRs). The simultaneous suppression of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated upregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase 2, and cell mobility in berberine-treated macrophages suggested Src might be a target of berberine. Indeed, th reduced migration, greatly suppressed Src induction in both protein and RNA transcript by berberine were observed in macrophages exposed to LPS, peptidoglycan, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid, and CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides. In addition to Src induction, berberine also inhibited LPS-mediated Src activation in Src overexpressing macrophages and S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (a nitric oxide donor) could partly restore it. Moreover, berberine suppressed Src activity in fibronectin-stimulated macrophages and in v-Src transformed cells. These results implied that by effectively reducing Src expression and activity, berberine inhibited TLR-mediated cell motility in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Erh Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Miao Ying Chang
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jyun-Yan Wei
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biomedicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yen-Jen Chen
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ming-Chei Maa
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biomedicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC; Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Tzeng-Horng Leu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, ROC.
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Wu W, Wages PA, Devlin RB, Diaz-Sanchez D, Peden DB, Samet JM. SRC-mediated EGF receptor activation regulates ozone-induced interleukin 8 expression in human bronchial epithelial cells. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2015; 123:231-236. [PMID: 25303742 PMCID: PMC4348738 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1307379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human exposure to ozone (O3) results in pulmonary function decrements and airway inflammation. The mechanisms underlying these adverse effects remain unclear. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of lung inflammation. OBJECTIVE We examined the role of EGFR activation in O3-induced expression of the chemokine interleukin 8 (IL-8) in human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC). METHODS We detected phosphorylated EGFR using immunoblotting. EGFR dimerization was examined through cross-linking reaction and immunoblotting, and levels of IL-8 protein were measured using ELISA. RESULTS Exposure to O3 (0.25-1.0 ppm) induced rapid and marked increase in EGFR phosphorylation at the autophosphorylation site Y1068 and the transphosphorylation site Y845, implicating the involvement of Src kinase. Further investigation showed that O3 stimulation induced phosphorylation of Src at Y416, indicative of Src activation. Pharmacological inhibition of Src kinase activity abrogated O3-induced EGFR phosphorylation at tyrosines 1068 and 845. Moreover, pretreatment of BEAS-2B cells with inhibitor of either EGFR or Src kinase activities significantly blocked O3-induced IL-8 expression. CONCLUSION O3 exposure increased IL-8 expression through Src-mediated EGFR transactivation in HBEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Wu
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan Province, China
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25
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Zhang H, Davies KJA, Forman HJ. TGFβ1 rapidly activates Src through a non-canonical redox signaling mechanism. Arch Biochem Biophys 2015; 568:1-7. [PMID: 25585026 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β) is involved in multiple cellular processes through Src activation. In the canonical pathway, Src activation is initiated by pTyr530 dephosphorylation followed by a conformational change allowing Tyr419 auto-phosphorylation. A non-canonical pathway in which oxidation of cysteine allows bypassing of pTyr530 dephosphorylation has been reported. Here, we examined how TGF-β activates Src in H358 cells, a small cell lung carcinoma cell line. TGF-β increased Src Tyr419 phosphorylation, but surprisingly, Tyr530 phosphorylation was increased rather than decreased. Vanadate, a protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor, stimulated Src activation itself, but rather than inhibiting Src activation by TGF-β, activation by vanadate was additive with TGF-β showing that pTyr530 dephosphorylation was not required. Thus, the involvement of the non-canonical oxidative activation was suspected. TGF-β increased extracellular H2O2 transiently while GSH-ester and catalase abrogated Src activation by TGF-β. Apocynin, a NADPH oxidase inhibitor, inhibited TGF-β-stimulated H2O2 production. Furthermore, mutation of cysteines to alanine, 248C/A, 277C/A, or 501C/A abrogated, while 490C/A significantly reduced, TGF-β-mediated Src activation. Taken together, the results indicate that TGF-β-mediated Src activation operates largely through a redox dependent mechanism, resulting from enhanced H2O2 production through an NADPH oxidase and that cysteines 248, 277, 490, and 501 are critical for this activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqiao Zhang
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, The University of Southern California, United States
| | - Kelvin J A Davies
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, The University of Southern California, United States; Division of Molecular & Computational Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, The University of Southern California, United States
| | - Henry Jay Forman
- Ethel Percy Andrus Gerontology Center, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, The University of Southern California, United States; School of Natural Science, The University of California, Merced, United States.
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26
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MacKay CE, Knock GA. Control of vascular smooth muscle function by Src-family kinases and reactive oxygen species in health and disease. J Physiol 2014; 593:3815-28. [PMID: 25384773 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2014.285304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are now recognised as second messenger molecules that regulate cellular function by reversibly oxidising specific amino acid residues of key target proteins. Amongst these are the Src-family kinases (SrcFKs), a multi-functional group of non-receptor tyrosine kinases highly expressed in vascular smooth muscle (VSM). In this review we examine the evidence supporting a role for ROS-induced SrcFK activity in normal VSM contractile function and in vascular remodelling in cardiovascular disease. VSM contractile responses to G-protein-coupled receptor stimulation, as well as hypoxia in pulmonary artery, are shown to be dependent on both ROS and SrcFK activity. Specific phosphorylation targets are identified amongst those that alter intracellular Ca(2+) concentration, including transient receptor potential channels, voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels and various types of K(+) channels, as well as amongst those that regulate actin cytoskeleton dynamics and myosin phosphatase activity, including focal adhesion kinase, protein tyrosine kinase-2, Janus kinase, other focal adhesion-associated proteins, and Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factors. We also examine a growing weight of evidence in favour of a key role for SrcFKs in multiple pro-proliferative and anti-apoptotic signalling pathways relating to oxidative stress and vascular remodelling, with a particular focus on pulmonary hypertension, including growth-factor receptor transactivation and downstream signalling, hypoxia-inducible factors, positive feedback between SrcFK and STAT3 signalling and positive feedback between SrcFK and NADPH oxidase dependent ROS production. We also discuss evidence for and against the potential therapeutic targeting of SrcFKs in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles E MacKay
- Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Greg A Knock
- Asthma, Allergy and Lung Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
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27
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Iqbal Hossain M, Hoque A, Lessene G, Aizuddin Kamaruddin M, Chu PWY, Ng IHW, Irtegun S, Ng DCH, Bogoyevitch MA, Burgess AW, Hill AF, Cheng HC. Dual role of Src kinase in governing neuronal survival. Brain Res 2014; 1594:1-14. [PMID: 25451123 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 10/13/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Src-family kinases (SFKs) are involved in neuronal survival and their aberrant regulation contributes to neuronal death. However, how they control neuronal survival and death remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To define the effect of inhibition of Src activity and expression on neuronal survival. RESULTS In agreement with our previous findings, we demonstrated that Src was cleaved by calpain to form a 52-kDa truncated fragment in neurons undergoing excitotoxic cell death, and expression of the recombinant truncated Src fragment induced neuronal death. The data confirm that the neurotoxic signaling pathways are intact in the neurons we used for our study. To define the functional role of neuronal SFKs, we treated these neurons with SFK inhibitors and discovered that the treatment induced cell death, suggesting that the catalytic activity of one or more of the neuronal SFKs is critical to neuronal survival. Using small hairpin RNAs that suppress Src expression, we demonstrated that Src is indispensable to neuronal survival. Additionally, we found that neuronal death induced by expression of the neurotoxic truncated Src mutant, treatment of SFK inhibitors or knock-down of Src expression caused inhibition of the neuroprotective protein kinases Erk1/2, or Akt. CONCLUSIONS Src is critical to both neuronal survival and death. Intact Src sustains neuronal survival. However, in the excitotoxic condition, calpain cleavage of Src generates a neurotoxic truncated Src fragment. Both intact Src and the neurotoxic truncated Src fragment exert their biological actions by controlling the activities of neuroprotective protein kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Iqbal Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, VIC, Australia
| | - Ashfaqul Hoque
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, VIC, Australia
| | - Guillaume Lessene
- Divisions of Chemical and Structural Biology, Walter and Eliza Institute for Medical Research, Parkville 3010, VIC, Australia
| | - M Aizuddin Kamaruddin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, VIC, Australia
| | - Percy W Y Chu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, VIC, Australia
| | - Ivan H W Ng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, VIC, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, VIC, Australia
| | - Sevgi Irtegun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, VIC, Australia
| | - Dominic C H Ng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, VIC, Australia
| | - Marie A Bogoyevitch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, VIC, Australia
| | - Antony W Burgess
- Divisions of Chemical and Structural Biology, Walter and Eliza Institute for Medical Research, Parkville 3010, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew F Hill
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, VIC, Australia
| | - Heung-Chin Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, VIC, Australia.
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Here, we review recent advances with regard to the role of Src kinase in the regulation of cytoskeleton organization, cell adhesion, and motility, focusing on redox circuitries engaging this kinase for anchorage and motility, control of cell survival to anoikis, as well as metabolic deregulation, all features belonging to the new hallmarks of cancer. RECENT ADVANCES Several recent insights have reported that, alongside the well-known phosphorylation/dephosphorylation control, cysteine oxidation is a further mechanism of enzyme activation for both c-Src kinase and its oncogenic counterparts. Indeed, mounting evidence portrays redox regulation of Src kinase as a compulsory outcome in growth factors/cytokines signaling, integrin engagement, motility and invasiveness of tissues, receptor cross-talking at plasmamembrane, as well as during carcinogenesis and progression toward tumor malignancy or fibrotic disease. In addition, the kinase is an upstream regulator of NADPH oxidase-driven oxidants, a critical step for invadopodia formation and metastatic spread. CRITICAL ISSUES Not satisfactorily unraveled yet, the exact role of Src kinase in redox cancer biology needs to be implemented with studies that are aimed at clarifying (i) the exact hierarchy between oxidants sources, Src redox-dependent activation and the regulation of cell motility, and (ii) the actual susceptibility of invading cells to redox-based treatments, owing to the well-recognized ability of cancer cells to find new strategies to adapt to new environments. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Once these critical issues are addressed, redox circuitries involving Src kinase should potentially be used as both biomarkers and targets for personalized therapies in the fight against cancer or fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Giannoni
- 1 Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence , Florence, Italy
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Hsieh MY, Chang MY, Chen YJ, Li YK, Chuang TH, Yu GY, Cheung CHA, Chen HC, Maa MC, Leu TH. The inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS)/Src axis mediates Toll-like receptor 3 tyrosine 759 phosphorylation and enhances its signal transduction, leading to interferon-β synthesis in macrophages. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:9208-20. [PMID: 24526685 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.508663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) induces phosphorylation of Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) at tyrosine 759 and subsequently triggers signaling pathways to promote interferon-β (IFN-β) production. In this study, we found that dsRNA stimulation induces biphasic TLR3 Tyr-759 phosphorylation in macrophages. In addition to the immediate TLR3 Tyr-759 phosphorylation, we identified a second wave of Tyr-759 phosphorylation accompanied by an increase of both Src and ifn-β transcription in the later phase of dsRNA stimulation. Interestingly, Src phosphorylated TLR3 Tyr-759 in vitro and in vivo. However, knockdown of Src abolished the late phase of TLR3 Tyr-759 phosphorylation and decreased the nuclear accumulation of interferon regulatory factors 3 and 7 (IRF3 and -7) and IFN-β production. Reintroduction of Src restored all of these molecular changes. Notably, via down-regulation of Src, dsRNA-elicited TLR3 Tyr-759 phosphorylation, the nuclear accumulation of IRF3/IRF7, and IFN-β generation were inhibited in inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS)-null macrophages. TLR3 knockdown destabilized Src and reduced the nuclear level of IRF3/IRF7 and IFN-β production in macrophages exposed to LPS (a TLR4 ligand known to induce Src and IFN-β expression). Ectopic expression of wild type TLR3, but not its 759-phenylalanine mutant, restored Src activity and ifn-β transcription. Taken together, these results suggested an essential role of the iNOS/Src/TLR3 axis in IFN-β production in macrophages.
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE We herein review recent advances on the role exerted by protein redox machines engaged in tumor progression, focusing on cell adhesion and migration, regulation of transcriptional response, and tumor metabolic reprogramming, all features belonging to the new hallmarks of cancer. RECENT ADVANCES Several recent insights have reported that oxidative stress, either due to intracellular sources of oxidants, which are frequently deregulated in cancers or to microenvironment factors as hypoxia or stromal cell contact, plays a key role in tumor malignancy, as well as in metabolic pathways control. Indeed, many proteins behave as sensors of intracellular oxidative stress, including protein tyrosine kinases and phosphatases, transcription factors as p53, forkhead box class-Os, nuclear respiratory factor-2, nuclear factor-kB, hypoxia inducible factor, enzymes involved in glycolysis or penthose phosphate pathway as pyruvate kinase-M2 and adenylate monophosphate kinase, or DNA repair enzymes as Ataxia Teleangectasia Mutated. All these proteins have been reported to play essential roles during cancer progression and their sensitivity to oxidative stress has added new levels of complexity to the cancer field. CRITICAL ISSUES Main significant issues that need to be addressed in redox cancer biology are (i) sensitivity to a different level of oxidative stress of sensors, that is, they can respond to different oxidative insults/signals, and (ii) the real susceptibility of cancer cells to redox-based therapies due to the acknowledged plasticity of cancer cells to develop adoptive strategies. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Definitely, redox machines have the potentiality to develop into novel biomarkers and related target therapies should attain the goal of personalized medicine in the fight against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Parri
- 1 Department of Biochemical Science, University of Florence , Florence, Italy
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31
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Nakamura T, Tu S, Akhtar MW, Sunico CR, Okamoto SI, Lipton SA. Aberrant protein s-nitrosylation in neurodegenerative diseases. Neuron 2013; 78:596-614. [PMID: 23719160 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2013.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
S-Nitrosylation is a redox-mediated posttranslational modification that regulates protein function via covalent reaction of nitric oxide (NO)-related species with a cysteine thiol group on the target protein. Under physiological conditions, S-nitrosylation can be an important modulator of signal transduction pathways, akin to phosphorylation. However, with aging or environmental toxins that generate excessive NO, aberrant S-nitrosylation reactions can occur and affect protein misfolding, mitochondrial fragmentation, synaptic function, apoptosis or autophagy. Here, we discuss how aberrantly S-nitrosylated proteins (SNO-proteins) play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Insight into the pathophysiological role of aberrant S-nitrosylation pathways will enhance our understanding of molecular mechanisms leading to neurodegenerative diseases and point to potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Nakamura
- Del E. Web Center for Neuroscience, Aging, and Stem Cell Research, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Madamanchi NR, Runge MS. Redox signaling in cardiovascular health and disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 61:473-501. [PMID: 23583330 PMCID: PMC3883979 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Revised: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Spatiotemporal regulation of the activity of a vast array of intracellular proteins and signaling pathways by reactive oxygen species (ROS) governs normal cardiovascular function. However, data from experimental and animal studies strongly support that dysregulated redox signaling, resulting from hyperactivation of various cellular oxidases or mitochondrial dysfunction, is integral to the pathogenesis and progression of cardiovascular disease (CVD). In this review, we address how redox signaling modulates the protein function, the various sources of increased oxidative stress in CVD, and the labyrinth of redox-sensitive molecular mechanisms involved in the development of atherosclerosis, hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure, and ischemia-reperfusion injury. Advances in redox biology and pharmacology for inhibiting ROS production in specific cell types and subcellular organelles combined with the development of nanotechnology-based new in vivo imaging systems and targeted drug delivery mechanisms may enable fine-tuning of redox signaling for the treatment and prevention of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nageswara R Madamanchi
- McAllister Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| | - Marschall S Runge
- McAllister Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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Abstract
Protein kinases represent one of the largest families of genes found in eukaryotes. Kinases mediate distinct cellular processes ranging from proliferation, differentiation, survival, and apoptosis. Ligand-mediated activation of receptor kinases can lead to the production of endogenous hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) by membrane-bound NADPH oxidases. In turn, H₂O₂ can be utilized as a secondary messenger in signal transduction pathways. This review presents an overview of the molecular mechanisms involved in redox regulation of protein kinases and its effects on signaling cascades. In the first half, we will focus primarily on receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), whereas the latter will concentrate on downstream non-receptor kinases involved in relaying stimulant response. Select examples from the literature are used to highlight the functional role of H₂O₂ regarding kinase activity, as well as the components involved in H₂O₂ production and regulation during cellular signaling. In addition, studies demonstrating direct modulation of protein kinases by H₂O₂ through cysteine oxidation will be emphasized. Identification of these redox-sensitive residues may help uncover signaling mechanisms conserved within kinase subfamilies. In some cases, these residues can even be exploited as targets for the development of new therapeutics. Continued efforts in this field will further basic understanding of kinase redox regulation, and delineate the mechanisms involved in physiological and pathological H₂O₂ responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thu H Truong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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34
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Corcoran A, Cotter TG. Redox regulation of protein kinases. FEBS J 2013; 280:1944-65. [PMID: 23461806 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Revised: 02/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been long regarded as by-products of a cascade of reactions stemming from cellular oxygen metabolism, which, if they accumulate to toxic levels, can have detrimental effects on cellular biomolecules. However, more recently, the recognition of ROS as mediators of cellular communications has led to their classification as signalling mediators in their own right. The prototypic redox-regulated targets downstream of ROS are the protein tyrosine phosphatases, and the wealth of research that has focused on this area has come to shape our understanding of how redox-signalling contributes to and facilitates protein tyrosine phosphorylation signalling cascades. However, it is becoming increasingly apparent that there is more to this system than simply the negative regulation of protein tyrosine phosphatases. Identification of redox-sensitive kinases such as Src led to the slow emergence of a role for redox regulation of tyrosine kinases. A flow of evidence, which has increased exponentially in recent times as a result of the development of new methods for the detection of oxidative modifications, demonstrates that, by concurrent oxidative activation of tyrosine kinases, ROS fine tune the duration and amplification of the phosphorylation signal. A more thorough understanding of the complex regulatory mechanism of redox-modification will allow targeting of both the production of ROS and their downstream effectors for therapeutic purposes. The present review assesses the most relevant recent literature that demonstrates a role for kinase regulation by oxidation, highlights the most significant findings and proposes future directions for this crucial area of redox biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoife Corcoran
- Tumour Biology Laboratory, Biochemistry Department, Bioscience Research Institute, University College Cork, Ireland
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35
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Wong BS, Lam KK, Lee CL, Wong VH, Lam MP, Chu IK, Yeung WS, Chiu PC. Adrenomedullin Enhances Invasion of Human Extravillous Cytotrophoblast-Derived Cell Lines by Regulation of Urokinase Plasminogen Activator Expression and S-Nitrosylation1. Biol Reprod 2013; 88:34. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.112.103903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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Hernansanz-Agustín P, Izquierdo-Álvarez A, García-Ortiz A, Ibiza S, Serrador JM, Martínez-Ruiz A. Nitrosothiols in the immune system: signaling and protection. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 18:288-308. [PMID: 22746191 PMCID: PMC3518543 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE In the immune system, nitric oxide (NO) has been mainly associated with antibacterial defenses exerted through oxidative, nitrosative, and nitrative stress and signal transduction through cyclic GMP-dependent mechanisms. However, S-nitrosylation is emerging as a post-translational modification (PTM) involved in NO-mediated cell signaling. RECENT ADVANCES Precise roles for S-nitrosylation in signaling pathways have been described both for innate and adaptive immunity. Denitrosylation may protect macrophages from their own S-nitrosylation, while maintaining nitrosative stress compartmentalized in the phagosomes. Nitrosothiols have also been shown to be beneficial in experimental models of autoimmune diseases, mainly through their role in modulating T-cell differentiation and function. CRITICAL ISSUES Relationship between S-nitrosylation, other thiol redox PTMs, and other NO-signaling pathways has not been always taken into account, particularly in the context of immune responses. Methods for assaying S-nitrosylation in individual proteins and proteomic approaches to study the S-nitrosoproteome are constantly being improved, which helps to move this field forward. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Integrated studies of signaling pathways in the immune system should consider whether S-nitrosylation/denitrosylation processes are among the PTMs influencing the activity of key signaling and adaptor proteins. Studies in pathophysiological scenarios will also be of interest to put these mechanisms into broader contexts. Interventions modulating nitrosothiol levels in autoimmune disease could be investigated with a view to developing new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Hernansanz-Agustín
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IP), Madrid, Spain
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Batista WL, Ogata FT, Curcio MF, Miguel RB, Arai RJ, Matsuo AL, Moraes MS, Stern A, Monteiro HP. S-nitrosoglutathione and endothelial nitric oxide synthase-derived nitric oxide regulate compartmentalized ras S-nitrosylation and stimulate cell proliferation. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 18:221-38. [PMID: 22894707 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS S-nitrosylation of Cys118 is a redox-based mechanism for Ras activation mediated by nitric oxide (NO) at the plasma membrane. RESULTS Ras signaling pathway stimulation by 50 and/or 100 μM of S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) causes proliferation of HeLa cells. Proliferation was not observed in HeLa cells overexpressing non-nitrosatable H-Ras(C118S). HeLa cells overexpressing H-Ras(wt) containing the spatiotemporal probe green fluorescent protein (GFP) fused to the Ras-binding domain of Raf-1 (GFP-RBD) incubated with 100 μM GSNO stimulated a rapid and transient redistribution of GFP-RBD to the plasma membrane, followed by a delayed and sustained recruitment to the Golgi. No activation of H-Ras at the plasma membrane occurred in cells overexpressing H-Ras(C118S), contrasting with a robust and sustained activation of the GTPase at the Golgi. Inhibition of Src kinase prevented cell proliferation and activation of H-Ras by GSNO at the Golgi. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) stimulated with bradykinin to generate NO were used to differentiate cell proliferation and Ras activation at the plasma membrane versus Golgi. In this model, Src kinase was not involved in cell proliferation, whereas Ras activation proceeded only at the plasma membrane, indicating that HUVEC proliferation induced by NO resulted only from stimulation of Ras. INNOVATION The present work is the first to demonstrate that NO-mediated activation of Ras in different subcellular compartments regulates different downstream signaling pathways. CONCLUSION S-nitrosylation of H-Ras at Cys(118) and the activation of Src kinase are spatiotemporally linked events of the S-nitrosothiol-mediated signaling pathway that occurs at the plasma membrane and at the Golgi. The nonparticipation of Src kinase and the localized production of NO by endothelial NO synthase at the plasma membrane limited NO-mediated Ras activation to the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wagner L Batista
- Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo/Campus Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil
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38
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Heparin-integrin interaction in endothelial cells: Downstream signaling and heparan sulfate expression. J Cell Physiol 2013; 227:2740-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.23018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2011] [Accepted: 09/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Hebert-Chatelain E. Src kinases are important regulators of mitochondrial functions. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2012; 45:90-8. [PMID: 22951354 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2012.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2012] [Revised: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria produce the most part of the energy used by the cells. This energetic production occurs through the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) process. Mitochondrial functions such as OXPHOS need to be tightly regulated to respect the needs of cells. Phosphorylation of mitochondrial proteins now appears as a major regulation pathway of mitochondrial functions. Several kinases and phosphatases are specifically targeted to mitochondria where they modulate mitochondrial functions. However, we still poorly understand the extent of tyrosine phosphorylation events on mitochondrial metabolism. Among the tyrosine-kinases observed in mitochondria, Src kinases emerge as key players. In the past years, several mitochondrial proteins were shown to be substrates of Src kinases. Notably, these kinases can impact greatly OXPHOS and apoptosis. Important regulators of Src kinases activity are also observed in mitochondria. The aim of this review is to summarize the recent findings on how overall mitochondrial tyrosine phosphorylation events and more specifically Src kinases can influence mitochondrial functions. The different mechanisms of Src kinases regulation and translocation into mitochondria will be also discussed. This article is part of a Directed Issue entitled: Bioenergetic dysfunction, adaptation and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Hebert-Chatelain
- INSERM-U688 Physiopathologie Mitochondriale, Université de Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, Bordeaux 33076, France.
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Zhang H, Liu H, Borok Z, Davies KJ, Ursini F, Forman HJ. Cigarette smoke extract stimulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition through Src activation. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 52:1437-42. [PMID: 22342303 PMCID: PMC3312989 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2011] [Revised: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is implicated in the pathogenesis of lung fibrosis and cancer metastasis, two conditions associated with cigarette smoke (CS). CS has been reported to promote the EMT process. CS is the major cause of lung cancer and nearly half of lung cancer patients are active smokers. Nonetheless, the mechanism whereby CS induces EMT remains largely unknown. In this study we investigated the induction of EMT by CS and explored the underlying mechanisms in the human non-small-cell lung carcinoma (H358) cell line. We demonstrate that exposure to an extract of CS (CSE) decreases E-cadherin and increases N-cadherin and vimentin, markers of EMT, in H358 cells cultured in RPMI 1640 medium with 1% fetal bovine serum. Pretreatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a potent antioxidant and precursor of glutathione, abrogated changes in these EMT markers. In addition, CSE activated Src kinase (shown as increased phosphorylation of Src at Tyr418), and the Src kinase inhibitor PP2 inhibited CS-stimulated EMT changes, suggesting that Src is critical in CSE-stimulated EMT induction. Furthermore, NAC treatment abrogated CSE-stimulated Src activation. However, co-incubation with catalase had no effect on CSE-mediated Src activation. Finally, acrolein, an unsaturated aldehyde present in CSE, caused Src activation. Taken together, these data suggest that CSE initiates EMT through Src, which is activated by CS through redox modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqiao Zhang
- Andrus Gerontology Center, Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California
| | - Honglei Liu
- Andrus Gerontology Center, Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California
| | - Zea Borok
- Will Rogers Institute Pulmonary Research Center, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
| | - Kelvin J.A. Davies
- Andrus Gerontology Center, Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California
- Division of Molecular & Computational Biology, Dornsife College of Letters, Arts, and Sciences, University of Southern California
| | - Fulvio Ursini
- Dipartmento di Chimica Biologica, Università di Padova
| | - Henry Jay Forman
- Andrus Gerontology Center, Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California
- School of Natural Science, University of California, Merced
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Chen Z, Bakhshi FR, Shajahan AN, Sharma T, Mao M, Trane A, Bernatchez P, van Nieuw Amerongen GP, Bonini MG, Skidgel RA, Malik AB, Minshall RD. Nitric oxide-dependent Src activation and resultant caveolin-1 phosphorylation promote eNOS/caveolin-1 binding and eNOS inhibition. Mol Biol Cell 2012; 23:1388-98. [PMID: 22323292 PMCID: PMC3315804 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e11-09-0811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of caveolin-1–dependent eNOS inactivation is not clear. These studies reveal that NO-mediated Src kinase activation and caveolin-1 phosphorylation promote eNOS binding and inactivation, that is, eNOS negative feedback regulation. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)–mediated NO production plays a critical role in the regulation of vascular function and pathophysiology. Caveolin-1 (Cav-1) binding to eNOS holds eNOS in an inactive conformation; however, the mechanism of Cav-1–mediated inhibition of activated eNOS is unclear. Here the role of Src-dependent Cav-1 phosphorylation in eNOS negative feedback regulation is investigated. Using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and coimmunoprecipitation analyses, we observed increased interaction between eNOS and Cav-1 following stimulation of endothelial cells with thrombin, vascular endothelial growth factor, and Ca2+ ionophore A23187, which is corroborated in isolated perfused mouse lung. The eNOS/Cav-1 interaction is blocked by eNOS inhibitor l-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester (hydrochloride) and Src kinase inhibitor 4-amino-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-(t-butyl) pyrazolo [3, 4-d] pyrimidine. We also observe increased binding of phosphomimicking Y14D-Cav-1 mutant transduced in human embryonic kidney cells overexpressing eNOS and reduced Ca2+-induced NO production compared to cells expressing the phosphodefective Y14F-Cav-1 mutant. Finally, Src FRET biosensor, eNOS small interfering RNA, and NO donor studies demonstrate NO-induced Src activation and Cav-1 phosphorylation at Tyr-14, resulting in increased eNOS/Cav-1 interaction and inhibition of eNOS activity. Taken together, these data suggest that activation of eNOS promotes Src-dependent Cav-1–Tyr-14 phosphorylation and eNOS/Cav-1 binding, that is, eNOS feedback inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenlong Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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42
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Luanpitpong S, Iyer AKV, Azad N, Wang L, Rojanasakul Y. Nitrosothiol Signaling in Anoikis Resistance and Cancer Metastasis. FORUM ON IMMUNOPATHOLOGICAL DISEASES AND THERAPEUTICS 2012; 3:141-154. [PMID: 23486647 PMCID: PMC3593302 DOI: 10.1615/forumimmundisther.2012006115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) has been widely recognized as an important cell-signaling molecule that regulates various physiological and pathological processes. S-nitrosylation, or covalent attachment of NO to protein sulfhydryl groups, is a key mechanism by which NO regulates protein functions and cellular processes. In this article we discuss the various roles of NO and protein nitrosylation in cancer development, with a focus on cell invasion and anoikis resistance, both of which are key determinants of cancer metastasis. We specially address some of the mechanisms by which NO-mediated S-nitrosylation modulates substrates that have putative effects on key steps of metastasis. We propose that nitrosothiol signaling is a key regulatory mechanism common to several pathways involved in cancer progression and metastasis, and identifying such a mechanism will improve our understanding of the disease process and aid in the development of novel anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudjit Luanpitpong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia
| | - Anand Krishnan V. Iyer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia
| | - Neelam Azad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia
| | - Liying Wang
- Pathology and Physiology Research Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Yon Rojanasakul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia
- Mary Babb Randolph Cancer Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
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43
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Direct sensing of endothelial oxidants by vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 and c-Src. PLoS One 2011; 6:e28454. [PMID: 22145046 PMCID: PMC3228784 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ADPH oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) play important roles in redox homeostasis and signal transduction in endothelial cells (ECs). We previously demonstrated that c-Src plays a key role in VEGF-induced, ROS-dependent selective activation of PI3K-Akt but not PLCγ-1-ERK1/2 signaling pathways. The aim of the present study was to understand how VEGFR-2-c-Src signaling axis 'senses' NADPH oxidase-derived ROS levels and couples VEGF activation of c-Src to the redox state of ECs. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Using biotinylated probe that detects oxidation of cysteine thiol (cys-OH) in intracellular proteins, we demonstrate that VEGF induced oxidative modification in c-Src and VEGFR-2, and that reduction in ROS levels using siRNA against p47(phox) subunit of Rac1-dependent NADPH oxidase inhibited this phenomenon. Co-immunoprecipitation studies using human coronary artery ECs (HCAEC) showed that VEGF-induced ROS-dependent interaction between VEGFR-2 and c-Src correlated with their thiol oxidation status. Immunofluorescence studies using antibodies against internalized VEGFR-2 and c-Src demonstrated that VEGF-induced subcellular co-localization of these tyrosine kinases were also dependent on NADPH oxidsase-derived ROS. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE These results demonstrate that VEGF induces cysteine oxidation in VEGFR-2 and c-Src in an NADPH oxidase-derived ROS-dependent manner, suggesting that VEGFR-2 and c-Src can 'sense' redox levels in ECs. The data also suggest that thiol oxidation status of VEGFR-2 and c-Src correlates with their ability to physically interact with each other and c-Src activation. Taken together, these findings suggest that prior to activating downstream c-Src-PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, VEGFR-2-c-Src axis requires an NADPH oxidase-derived ROS threshold in ECs.
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Switzer CH, Glynn SA, Ridnour LA, Cheng RYS, Vitek MP, Ambs S, Wink DA. Nitric oxide and protein phosphatase 2A provide novel therapeutic opportunities in ER-negative breast cancer. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2011; 32:644-51. [PMID: 21893353 PMCID: PMC3380363 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2011.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Revised: 06/24/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Basal-like breast cancer is an aggressive disease with limited therapeutic options because these tumors frequently express the 'triple-negative' phenotype. We have recently reported that inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) is a strong predictor of survival in patients with estrogen receptor negative [ER(-)] breast cancer, and that NOS2 expression is correlated with a basal-like phenotype. Recent reports also describe the pro-tumor effects of NO in breast and many other types of cancer. NO promotes cancer progression by activating several oncogenic signaling pathways such as extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK)-1/2, phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K)/Akt, and c-Myc. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a tumor suppressor that negatively regulates the same cancer-related signaling pathways that are activated by NO. PP2A activity is suppressed in tumor cells, but potential pharmacological agents have recently been described to increase PP2A activity in ER(-) breast cancer cells. We examine here the various functions of NO and PP2A in breast cancer and propose a novel mechanism by which activation of PP2A antagonizes NO signaling that promotes ER(-) breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher H Switzer
- Radiation Biology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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45
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Knock GA, Ward JPT. Redox regulation of protein kinases as a modulator of vascular function. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 15:1531-47. [PMID: 20849377 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2010.3614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are continuously generated in vascular tissues by various oxidoreductase enzymes. They contribute to normal cell signaling, and modulate vascular smooth muscle tone and endothelial permeability in response to physiological agonists and to various cellular stresses and environmental factors, such as hypoxia. While concentrations of ROS are normally tightly controlled by cellular redox buffer systems, if produced in excess they may contribute to vascular disease. Protein kinases are essential components of most cell signaling pathways, including those involving ROS. The functioning of several members of this highly diverse group of enzymes, which include receptor and nonreceptor tyrosine kinases, protein kinase C, mitogen-activated kinases, and Rho-kinase, are modified by ROS, either through direct oxidative modification or indirectly through modification of associated proteins such as tyrosine phosphatases and monomeric G proteins. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms of redox modification of these proteins, the downstream pathways affected, the often complex interaction between major kinase pathways, and feedback to ROS production itself. We also discuss complicating factors such as differential actions of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide, questions concerning concentration dependence, and the significance of signaling microdomains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg A Knock
- Division of Asthma, Allergy, and Lung Biology, King's College London, Stamford Street, London, United Kingdom.
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46
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da Costa PE, Batista WL, Curcio MF, Moraes MS, Borges RE, Nascimento PA, Travassos LR, Monteiro HP. Protein tyrosine phosphatase alpha regulates cell detachment and cell death profiles induced by nitric oxide donors in the A431 human carcinoma cell line. Redox Rep 2011; 16:27-37. [PMID: 21605496 DOI: 10.1179/174329211x12968219310792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the role of protein tyrosine phosphatase-alpha (PTPα) expression in the cell death profile of the A431 human carcinoma cell line that was induced by cytotoxic concentrations of the nitric oxide (NO) donors sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and 3,3-bis-(aminoethyl)-1-hydroxy-2-oxo-1-triazene (NOC-18). Both NO donors promoted extensive cell detachment in A431 parental cells as compared to the detachment observed for A431 cells that ectopically expressed PTPα (A431 (A27B(PTPα)) cells). The NO-induced cell death characteristics for both cell lines were examined. After incubation for 10 hours with 2.0 mM SNP, attached or detached A431 cells underwent apoptosis. Cells were highly positive for Annexin-V, featured increased cleavage of procaspase-8, activation of downstream caspase-3, and activation of poly-ADP-ribose polymerase 1 (PARP-1). In contrast, exposure of A431 (A27B(PTPα)) cells to 2.0 mM SNP produced an increase in the release of lactate dehydrogenase and enhanced incorporation of propidium iodide. In addition, A431 (A27B(PTPα)) cells showed partial inhibition of the activities of caspase-8, caspase-3, and PARP-1 upon detachment and cell death induced by SNP treatment. Results indicate that necrotic cell damage was induced, characterized by cellular swelling and lysis. We conclude from these results that PTPα regulates the A431 tumor cell death profile mediated by NO donors. Expression of PTPα or its absence may determine the occurrence of NO-induced cell death with necrotic or apoptotic features, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo E da Costa
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Campus São Paulo, Brazil
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47
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Miriyala S, Holley AK, St Clair DK. Mitochondrial superoxide dismutase--signals of distinction. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2011; 11:181-90. [PMID: 21355846 DOI: 10.2174/187152011795255920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2010] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) neutralizes the highly reactive superoxide radical (O(2)(˙-)), the first member in a plethora of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). Over the past decades, research has extended the prevailing view of mitochondrion well beyond the generation of cellular energy to include its importance in cell survival and cell death. In the normal state of a cell, endogenous antioxidant enzyme systems maintain the level of reactive oxygen species generated by the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Mammalian mitochondria are important to the production of reactive oxygen species, which underlie oxidative damage in many pathological conditions and contribute to retrograde redox signaling from the organelle to the cytosol and nucleus. Mitochondria are further implicated in various metabolic and aging-related diseases that are now postulated to be caused by misregulation of physiological systems rather than pure accumulation of oxidative damage. Thus, the signaling mechanisms within mitochondria, and between the organelle and its environment, have gained interest as potential drug targets. Here, we discuss redox events in mitochondria that lead to retrograde signaling, the role of redox events in disease, and their potential to serve as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumitra Miriyala
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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48
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Nakashima I, Kawamoto Y, Takeda K, Kato M. Control of genetically prescribed protein tyrosine kinase activities by environment-linked redox reactions. Enzyme Res 2011; 2011:896567. [PMID: 21755044 PMCID: PMC3132499 DOI: 10.4061/2011/896567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Revised: 04/18/2011] [Accepted: 04/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent observations on environment-linked control of genetically prescribed signaling systems for either cell activation or cell death have been reviewed with a focus on the regulation of activities of protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs). The environment-linked redox reactions seem to primarily affect cell surface receptors and cell membrane lipid rafts, and they induce generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells. ROS thus generated might upregulate the catalytic activities of PTKs through inactivating protein tyrosine phosphatases that dephosphorylate and inactivate autophosphorylated PTKs. Recent evidence has, however, demonstrated that ROS could also directly oxidize SH groups of genetically conserved specific cysteines on PTKs, sometimes producing disulfide-bonded dimers of PTK proteins, either for upregulation or downregulation of their catalytic activities. The basic role of the redox reaction/covalent bond-mediated modification of protein tertiary structure-linked noncovalent bond-oriented signaling systems in living organisms is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izumi Nakashima
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan
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49
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Slomiany BL, Slomiany A. Role of ghrelin-induced cSrc activation in modulation of gastric mucosal inflammatory responses to Helicobacter pylori. Inflammopharmacology 2011; 19:197-204. [PMID: 21516493 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-011-0083-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Accepted: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A peptide hormone, ghrelin, is recognized as an important modulator of gastric mucosal inflammatory responses to H. pylori through the regulation of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) system. As cSrc kinase plays a major role in transduction of signals that regulate the activity of NOS isozyme system, we investigated the influence of H. pylori LPS on the processes associated with Src activation in gastric mucosal cells. The LPS-induced drop in constitutive (c) cNOS activity and up-regulation in inducible (i) iNOS was associated with the suppression in cSrc kinase activity that was reflected in a decrease in its phosphorylation at Tyr⁴¹⁶. Further, the countering effect of ghrelin on the LPS-induced changes in cSrc activity and the extent of its phosphorylation was accompanied by a marked reduction in the activity of iNOS and an increase in cNOS activation through phosphorylation at Ser¹¹⁷⁹. Moreover, the effect of ghrelin on cSrc activation and its Tyr⁴¹⁶ phosphorylation was associated with the kinase S-nitrosylation that was susceptible to the blockage by cNOS inhibition. Our findings suggest that up-regulation in iNOS with H. pylori infection leads to disturbances in cNOS phosphorylation that exerts the detrimental effect on the processes of cSrc activation through cNOS-mediated S-nitrosylation. We also show that ghrelin attenuation of H. pylori-induced gastric mucosal inflammatory responses involves the enhancement in cSrc activation, elicited by the kinase S-nitrosylation and the increase in its phosphorylation at Tyr⁴¹⁶.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Slomiany
- UMDNJ-NJ Dental School, Research Center C875, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, 110 Bergen Street, PO Box 1709, Newark, NJ 07103-2400, USA.
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50
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Curcio MF, Batista WL, Linares E, Nascimento FD, Moraes MS, Borges RE, Sap J, Stern A, Monteiro HP. Regulatory effects of nitric oxide on Src kinase, FAK, p130Cas, and receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase alpha (PTP-alpha): a role for the cellular redox environment. Antioxid Redox Signal 2010; 13:109-25. [PMID: 20055753 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2009.2534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The role of NO in regulating the focal adhesion proteins, Src, FAK, p130 Cas, and PTP-alpha, was investigated. Fibroblasts expressing PTP-alpha (PTP-alpha(WT) cells), fibroblasts "knockout" for PTP-alpha (PTP-alpha(-/-) cells), and "rescued" "knockout" fibroblasts (PTP-alpha A5/3 cells) were stimulated with either S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) or fetal bovine serum (FBS). FBS increased inducible NO synthase in both cell lines. Activation of Src mediated either by SNAP or by FBS occurred independent of dephosphorylation of Tyr527 in PTP-alpha(-/-) cells. Both stimuli promoted dephosphorylation of Tyr527 and activation of Src kinase in PTP-alpha(WT) cells. NO-mediated activation of Src kinase affected the activities of FAK and p130Cas and was dependent on the expression of PTP-alpha. Analogous to tyrosine phosphorylation, SNAP and FBS stimulated differential generation of NO and S-nitrosylation of Src kinase in both cell lines. Incubation with SNAP resulted in higher levels of NO and S-nitrosylation of immunoprecipitated Src in PTP-alpha(-/-) cells (oxidizing redox environment) as compared with the levels of NO and S-nitrosylated Src in PTP-alpha(WT) cells (reducing redox environment). SNAP differentially stimulated cell proliferation of both cell lines is dependent on the intracellular redox environment, Src activity, and PTP-alpha expression. This dependence also is observed with FBS-stimulated cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marli F Curcio
- Department of Biochemistry/Molecular Biology, CINTERGEN, Universidade Federal de São Paulo , São Paulo, Brazil
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