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Bakker M, Svensson O, So̷rensen HV, Skepö M. Exploring the Functional Landscape of the p53 Regulatory Domain: The Stabilizing Role of Post-Translational Modifications. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:5842-5853. [PMID: 38973087 PMCID: PMC11270737 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.4c00570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
This study focuses on the intrinsically disordered regulatory domain of p53 and the impact of post-translational modifications. Through fully atomistic explicit water molecular dynamics simulations, we show the wealth of information and detailed understanding that can be obtained by varying the number of phosphorylated amino acids and implementing a restriction in the conformational entropy of the N-termini of that intrinsically disordered region. The take-home message for the reader is to achieve a detailed understanding of the impact of phosphorylation with respect to (1) the conformational dynamics and flexibility, (2) structural effects, (3) protein interactivity, and (4) energy landscapes and conformational ensembles. Although our model system is the regulatory domain p53 of the tumor suppressor protein p53, this study contributes to understanding the general effects of intrinsically disordered phosphorylated proteins and the impact of phosphorylated groups, more specifically, how minor changes in the primary sequence can affect the properties mentioned above.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael
J. Bakker
- Faculty
of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203/8, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
- Division
of Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Oskar Svensson
- Division
of Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
- NanoLund, Lund University, Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Henrik V. So̷rensen
- Division
of Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
- MAX
IV Laboratory, Fotongatan
2, 224 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Marie Skepö
- Division
of Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
- NanoLund, Lund University, Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
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Bakker M, Sørensen HV, Skepö M. Exploring the Role of Globular Domain Locations on an Intrinsically Disordered Region of p53: A Molecular Dynamics Investigation. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:1423-1433. [PMID: 38230670 PMCID: PMC10867847 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The pre-tetramerization loop (PTL) of the human tumor suppressor protein p53 is an intrinsically disordered region (IDR) necessary for the tetramerization process, and its flexibility contributes to the essential conformational changes needed. Although the IDR can be accurately simulated in the traditional manner of molecular dynamics (MD) with the end-to-end distance (EEdist) unhindered, we sought to explore the effects of restraining the EEdist to the values predicted by electron microscopy (EM) and other distances. Simulating the PTL trajectory with a restrained EEdist , we found an increased agreement of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) chemical shifts with experiments. Additionally, we observed a plethora of secondary structures and contacts that only appear when the trajectory is restrained. Our findings expand the understanding of the tetramerization of p53 and provide insight into how mutations could make the protein impotent. In particular, our findings demonstrate the importance of restraining the EEdist in studying IDRs and how their conformations change under different conditions. Our results provide a better understanding of the PTL and the conformational dynamics of IDRs in general, which are useful for further studies regarding mutations and their effects on the activity of p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael
J. Bakker
- Faculty
of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovského 1203/8, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
- Division
of Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Henrik V. Sørensen
- Division
of Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
- MAX
IV Laboratory, Lund Institute of Advanced
Neutron and X-ray Science, Scheelevägen 19, SE-223 770 Lund, Sweden
| | - Marie Skepö
- Division
of Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
- LINXS
- Institute of Advanced Neutron and X-ray Science, Scheelevägen 19, SE-233 70 Lund, Sweden
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Duabil AJN, Cooper CR, Aldujaily E, Halford SER, Hirschberg S, Katugampola SD, Jones GDD. Investigations of the novel checkpoint kinase 1 inhibitor SRA737 in non-small cell lung cancer and colorectal cancer cells of differing tumour protein 53 gene status. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2023; 4:1210-1226. [PMID: 38214010 PMCID: PMC10776598 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2023.00193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim In response to DNA damage the serine/threonine-specific protein kinase checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) is activated allowing cells to enter S phase (S) and G2 phase (G2) cell-cycle arrest. CHK1 inhibitors are expected to prevent cells from entering such arrest, thereby enhancing DNA damage-induced cytotoxicity. In contrast, normal cells with intact ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM), CHK2 and tumour suppressor protein 53 (P53) signalling are still able to enter cell-cycle arrest using the functioning G1/S checkpoint, thereby being rescued from enhanced cytotoxicity. The main objective of this work is to investigate the in vitro effects of the novel CHK1 inhibitor SRA737 on pairs of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines, all with genetic aberrations rendering them susceptible to replication stress but of differing tumour protein 53 (TP53) gene status, focusing on DNA damage induction and the subsequent effects on cell proliferation and viability. Methods NSCLC cell lines H23 [TP53 mutant (MUT)] and A549 [TP53 wild-type (WT)] and CRC cell lines HT29 (TP53 MUT) and HCT116 (TP53 WT) were incubated with differing micromolar concentrations of SRA737 for 24 h and then analysed using alkaline comet and phosphorylated H2A.X variant histone (γH2AX)-foci assays to assess mostly DNA single strand break and double strand break damage, respectively. Cell-counting/trypan blue staining was also performed to assess cell proliferation/viability. Results Clear concentration-dependent increases in comet formation and γH2AX-foci/cell were noted for the TP53 MUT cells with no or lower increases being noted in the corresponding TP53 WT cells. Also, greater anti-proliferative and cell killing effects were noted in the TP53 MUT cells than in the TP53 WT cells. Conclusions This study's data suggests that P53 status/functioning is a key factor in determining the sensitivity of NSCLC and CRC cancer cells towards CHK1 inhibition, even in circumstances conducive to high replicative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali JN Duabil
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, Department of Genetics & Genome Biology, University of Leicester, LE1 7RH Leics, UK
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Christian R Cooper
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, Department of Genetics & Genome Biology, University of Leicester, LE1 7RH Leics, UK
- MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, OX3 7DQ Oxon, UK
| | - Esraa Aldujaily
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, Department of Genetics & Genome Biology, University of Leicester, LE1 7RH Leics, UK
- Department of Pathology & Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Sarah ER Halford
- Cancer Research UK Centre for Drug Development, London E20 1JQ, UK
| | | | | | - George DD Jones
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, Department of Genetics & Genome Biology, University of Leicester, LE1 7RH Leics, UK
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Cismas S, Pasca S, Crudden C, Trocoli Drakensjo I, Suleymanova N, Zhang S, Gebhard B, Song D, Neo S, Shibano T, Smith TJ, Calin GA, Girnita A, Girnita L. Competing Engagement of β-arrestin Isoforms Balances IGF1R/p53 Signaling and Controls Melanoma Cell Chemotherapeutic Responsiveness. Mol Cancer Res 2023; 21:1288-1302. [PMID: 37584671 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-22-0871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Constraints on the p53 tumor suppressor pathway have long been associated with the progression, therapeutic resistance, and poor prognosis of melanoma, the most aggressive form of skin cancer. Likewise, the insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor (IGF1R) is recognized as an essential coordinator of transformation, proliferation, survival, and migration of melanoma cells. Given that β-arrestin (β-arr) system critically governs the anti/pro-tumorigenic p53/IGF1R signaling pathways through their common E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase MDM2, we explore whether unbalancing this system downstream of IGF1R can enhance the response of melanoma cells to chemotherapy. Altering β-arr expression demonstrated that both β-arr1-silencing and β-arr2-overexpression (-β-arr1/+β-arr2) facilitated nuclear-to-cytosolic MDM2 translocation accompanied by decreased IGF1R expression, while increasing p53 levels, resulting in reduced cell proliferation/survival. Imbalance towards β-arr2 (-β-arr1/+β-arr2) synergizes with the chemotherapeutic agent, dacarbazine, in promoting melanoma cell toxicity. In both 3D spheroid models and in vivo in zebrafish models, this combination strategy, through dual IGF1R downregulation/p53 activation, limits melanoma cell growth, survival and metastatic spread. In clinical settings, analysis of the TCGA-SKCM patient cohort confirms β-arr1-/β-arr2+ imbalance as a metastatic melanoma vulnerability that may enhance therapeutic benefit. Our findings suggest that under steady-state conditions, IGF1R/p53-tumor promotion/suppression status-quo is preserved by β-arr1/2 homeostasis. Biasing this balance towards β-arr2 can limit the protumorigenic IGF1R activities while enhancing p53 activity, thus reducing multiple cancer-sustaining mechanisms. Combined with other therapeutics, this strategy improves patient responses and outcomes to therapies relying on p53 or IGF1R pathways. IMPLICATIONS Altogether, β-arrestin system bias downstream IGF1R is an important metastatic melanoma vulnerability that may be conductive for therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Cismas
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sylvya Pasca
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Caitrin Crudden
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Iara Trocoli Drakensjo
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Naida Suleymanova
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Simin Zhang
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Benjamin Gebhard
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dawei Song
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shiyong Neo
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Singapore Immunology Network SIgN, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Takashi Shibano
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Terry J Smith
- Kellogg Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
- Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - George A Calin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ada Girnita
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Dermatology Department, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Leonard Girnita
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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5
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Santinelli E, Pascale MR, Xie Z, Badar T, Stahl MF, Bewersdorf JP, Gurnari C, Zeidan AM. Targeting apoptosis dysregulation in myeloid malignancies - The promise of a therapeutic revolution. Blood Rev 2023; 62:101130. [PMID: 37679263 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2023.101130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the therapeutic landscape of myeloid malignancies has been completely revolutionized by the introduction of several new drugs, targeting molecular alterations or pathways crucial for leukemia cells survival. Particularly, many agents targeting apoptosis have been investigated in both pre-clinical and clinical studies. For instance, venetoclax, a pro-apoptotic agent active on BCL-2 signaling, has been successfully used in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The impressive results achieved in this context have made the apoptotic pathway an attractive target also in other myeloid neoplasms, translating the experience of AML. Therefore, several drugs are now under investigation either as single or in combination strategies, due to their synergistic efficacy and capacity to overcome resistance. In this paper, we will review the mechanisms of apoptosis and the specific drugs currently used and under investigation for the treatment of myeloid neoplasia, identifying critical research necessities for the upcoming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Santinelli
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, PhD in Immunology, Molecular Medicine and Applied Biotechnology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Pascale
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, PhD in Immunology, Molecular Medicine and Applied Biotechnology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Zhuoer Xie
- Department of Malignant Hematology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Talha Badar
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Maximilian F Stahl
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jan P Bewersdorf
- Department of Medicine, Leukemia Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carmelo Gurnari
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, PhD in Immunology, Molecular Medicine and Applied Biotechnology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy; Department of Translational Hematology and Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Amer M Zeidan
- Section of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine and Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT, USA.
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6
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Tuğrul B, Balcan E, Öztel Z, Çöllü F, Gürcü B. Prion protein-dependent regulation of p53-MDM2 crosstalk during endoplasmic reticulum stress and doxorubicin treatments might be essential for cell fate in human breast cancer cell line, MCF-7. Exp Cell Res 2023:113656. [PMID: 37245583 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effect of doxorubicin and tunicamycin treatment alone or in combination on MDM-, Cul9-and prion protein (PrP)-mediated subcellular regulation of p53 in the context of apoptosis and autophagy. MTT analysis was performed to determine the cytotoxic effect of the agents. Apoptosis was monitorized by ELISA, flow cytometry and JC-1 assay. Monodansylcadaverine assay was performed for autophagy. Western blotting and immunofluorescence were performed to determine p53, MDM2, CUL9 and PrP levels. Doxorubicin increased p53, MDM2 and CUL9 levels in a dose-dependent manner. Expression of p53 and MDM2 was higher at the 0.25 μM concentration of tunicamycin compared to the control, but it decreased at 0.5 μM and 1 μM concentrations. CUL9 expression was significantly decreased only after treatment of tunicamycin at 0.25 μM. According to its glycosylation status, the upper band of PrP increased only in combination treatment. In combination treatment, p53 expression was higher than control, whereas MDM2 and CUL9 expressions were decreased. Combination treatments may make MCF-7 cells more susceptible to apoptosis rather than autophagy. In conclusion, PrP may be important in determining the fate of cell death through crosstalk between proteins such as p53 and MDM2 under endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress conditions. Further studies are needed to obtain in-depth information on these potential molecular networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berrin Tuğrul
- Manisa Celal Bayar University, Faculty of Science and Letters, Department of Biology, Molecular Biology Section, 45140, Yunusemre, Manisa, Turkey.
| | - Erdal Balcan
- Manisa Celal Bayar University, Faculty of Science and Letters, Department of Biology, Molecular Biology Section, 45140, Yunusemre, Manisa, Turkey.
| | - Zübeyde Öztel
- Manisa Celal Bayar University, Faculty of Science and Letters, Department of Biology, Molecular Biology Section, 45140, Yunusemre, Manisa, Turkey.
| | - Fatih Çöllü
- Manisa Celal Bayar University, Faculty of Science and Letters, Department of Biology, Zoology Section, 45140, Yunusemre, Manisa, Turkey.
| | - Beyhan Gürcü
- Manisa Celal Bayar University, Faculty of Science and Letters, Department of Biology, Zoology Section, 45140, Yunusemre, Manisa, Turkey.
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7
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Dong X, Xing J, Liu Q, Ye M, Zhou Z, Li Y, Huang R, Li Z, Nie Q. CircPLXNA2 Affects the Proliferation and Apoptosis of Myoblast through circPLXNA2/gga-miR-12207-5P/MDM4 Axis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065459. [PMID: 36982536 PMCID: PMC10049439 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
CircRNAs are newly identified special endogenous RNA molecules that covalently close a loop by back-splicing with pre-mRNA. In the cytoplasm, circRNAs would act as molecular sponges to bind with specific miRNA to promote the expression of target genes. However, knowledge of circRNA functional alternation in skeletal myogenesis is still in its infancy. In this study, we identified a circRNA–miRNA–mRNA interaction network in which the axis may be implicated in the progression of chicken primary myoblasts’ (CPMs) myogenesis by multi-omics (i.e., circRNA-seq and ribo-seq). In total, 314 circRNA–miRNA–mRNA regulatory axes containing 66 circRNAs, 70 miRNAs, and 24 mRNAs that may be relevant to myogenesis were collected. With these, the circPLXNA2-gga-miR-12207-5P-MDM4 axis aroused our research interest. The circPLXNA2 is highly differentially expressed during differentiation versus proliferation. It was demonstrated that circPLXNA2 inhibited the process of apoptosis while at the same time stimulating cell proliferation. Furthermore, we demonstrated that circPLXNA2 could inhibit the repression of gga-miR-12207-5p to MDM4 by directing binding to gga-miR-12207-5p, thereby restoring MDM4 expression. In conclusion, circPLXNA2 could function as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to recover the function of MDM4 by directing binding to gga-miR-12207-5p, thereby regulating the myogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jiabao Xing
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming 525000, China
| | - Qingchun Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Mao Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yantao Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Rongqin Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhenhui Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Qinghua Nie
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Agriculture, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, and Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
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8
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Patil MR, Bihari A. A comprehensive study of p53 protein. J Cell Biochem 2022; 123:1891-1937. [PMID: 36183376 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The protein p53 has been extensively investigated since it was found 43 years ago and has become a "guardian of the genome" that regulates the division of cells by preventing the growth of cells and dividing them, that is, inhibits the development of tumors. Initial proof of protein existence by researchers in the mid-1970s was found by altering and regulating the SV40 big T antigen termed the A protein. Researchers demonstrated how viruses play a role in cancer by employing viruses' ability to create T-antigens complex with viral tumors, which was discovered in 1979 following a viral analysis and cancer analog research. Researchers later in the year 1989 explained that in Murine Friend, a virus-caused erythroleukemia, commonly found that p53 was inactivated to suggest that p53 could be a "tumor suppressor gene." The TP53 gene, encoding p53, is one of human cancer's most frequently altered genes. The protein-regulated biological functions of all p53s include cell cycles, apoptosis, senescence, metabolism of the DNA, angiogenesis, cell differentiation, and immunological response. We tried to unfold the history of the p53 protein, which was discovered long back in 1979, that is, 43 years of research on p53, and how p53's function has been developed through time in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha R Patil
- Department of Computer-Applications, School of Information Technology and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anand Bihari
- Department of Computational Intelligence, School of Computer Science and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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9
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Xiong L, Garfinkel A. A common pathway to cancer: Oncogenic mutations abolish p53 oscillations. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 174:28-40. [PMID: 35752348 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 oscillates in response to DNA double-strand breaks, a behavior that has been suggested to be essential to its anti-cancer function. Nearly all human cancers have genetic alterations in the p53 pathway; a number of these alterations have been shown to be oncogenic by experiment. These alterations include somatic mutations and copy number variations as well as germline polymorphisms. Intriguingly, they exhibit a mixed pattern of interactions in tumors, such as co-occurrence, mutual exclusivity, and paradoxically, mutual antagonism. Using a differential equation model of p53-Mdm2 dynamics, we employ Hopf bifurcation analysis to show that these alterations have a common mode of action, to abolish the oscillatory competence of p53, thereby, we suggest, impairing its tumor suppressive function. In this analysis, diverse genetic alterations, widely associated with human cancers clinically, have a unified mechanistic explanation of their role in oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyun Xiong
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007 USA; Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90007, USA; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Alan Garfinkel
- Departments of Medicine (Cardiology) and Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Newton-Abraham Visiting Professor (2019-2020), Lincoln College and Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3DR, UK.
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10
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Desplat Y, Warner JF, Lopez JV. Holo-Transcriptome Sequences From the Tropical Marine Sponge Cinachyrella alloclada. J Hered 2022; 113:184-187. [PMID: 35575076 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esab075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine sponge transcriptomes are underrepresented in current databases. Furthermore, only 2 sponge genomes are available for comparative studies. Here we present the assembled and annotated holo-transcriptome of the common Florida reef sponge from the species Cinachyrella alloclada. After Illumina high-throughput sequencing, the data assembled using Trinity v2.5 confirmed a highly symbiotic organism, with the complexity of high microbial abundance sponges. This dataset is enriched in poly-A selected eukaryotic, rather than microbial transcripts. Overall, 39 813 transcripts with verified sponge sequence homology coded for 8496 unique proteins. The average sequence length was found to be 946 bp with an N50 sequence length of 1290 bp. Overall, the sponge assembly resulted in a GC content of 51.04%, which is within the range of GC bases in a eukaryotic transcriptome. BUSCO scored completeness analysis revealed a completeness of 60.3% and 60.1% based on the Eukaryota and Metazoa databases, respectively. Overall, this study points to an overarching goal of developing the C. alloclada sponge as a useful new experimental model organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvain Desplat
- Halmos College of Arts and Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Dania Beach, FL, USA
| | - Jacob F Warner
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, NC, USA
| | - Jose V Lopez
- Halmos College of Arts and Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Dania Beach, FL, USA
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11
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Peek SL, Bosch PJ, Bahl E, Iverson BJ, Parida M, Bais P, Manak JR, Michaelson JJ, Burgess RW, Weiner JA. p53-mediated neurodegeneration in the absence of the nuclear protein Akirin2. iScience 2022; 25:103814. [PMID: 35198879 PMCID: PMC8844820 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper gene regulation is critical for both neuronal development and maintenance as the brain matures. We previously demonstrated that Akirin2, an essential nuclear protein that interacts with transcription factors and chromatin remodeling complexes, is required for the embryonic formation of the cerebral cortex. Here we show that Akirin2 plays a mechanistically distinct role in maintaining healthy neurons during cortical maturation. Restricting Akirin2 loss to excitatory cortical neurons resulted in progressive neurodegeneration via necroptosis and severe cortical atrophy with age. Comparing transcriptomes from Akirin2-null postnatal neurons and cortical progenitors revealed that targets of the tumor suppressor p53, a regulator of both proliferation and cell death encoded by Trp53, were consistently upregulated. Reduction of Trp53 rescued neurodegeneration in Akirin2-null neurons. These data: (1) implicate Akirin2 as a critical neuronal maintenance protein, (2) identify p53 pathways as mediators of Akirin2 functions, and (3) suggest Akirin2 dysfunction may be relevant to neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey L. Peek
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Peter J. Bosch
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Ethan Bahl
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Genetics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Brianna J. Iverson
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Mrutyunjaya Parida
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Roy J. Carver Center for Genomics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Preeti Bais
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - J. Robert Manak
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Roy J. Carver Center for Genomics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Jacob J. Michaelson
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Iowa Institute of Human Genetics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | | | - Joshua A. Weiner
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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12
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The Role of Nucleophosmin 1 ( NPM1) Mutation in the Diagnosis and Management of Myeloid Neoplasms. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12010109. [PMID: 35054502 PMCID: PMC8780493 DOI: 10.3390/life12010109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Nucleophosmin (NPM1) is a multifunctional protein with both proliferative and growth-suppressive roles in the cell. In humans, NPM1 is involved in tumorigenesis via chromosomal translocations, deletions, or mutation. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with mutated NPM1, a distinct diagnostic entity by the current WHO Classification of myeloid neoplasm, represents the most common diagnostic subtype in AML and is associated with a favorable prognosis. The persistence of NPM1 mutation in AML at relapse makes this mutation an ideal target for minimal measurable disease (MRD) detection. The clinical implication of this is far-reaching because NPM1-mutated AML is currently classified as being of standard risk, with the best treatment strategy (transplantation versus chemotherapy) yet undefined. Myeloid neoplasms with NPM1 mutations and <20% blasts are characterized by an aggressive clinical course and a rapid progression to AML. The pathological classification of these cases remains controversial. Future studies will determine whether NPM1 gene mutation may be sufficient for diagnosing NPM1-mutated AML independent of the blast count. This review aims to summarize the role of NPM1 in normal cells and in human cancer and discusses its current role in clinical management of AML and related myeloid neoplasms.
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13
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Killing by Degradation: Regulation of Apoptosis by the Ubiquitin-Proteasome-System. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123465. [PMID: 34943974 PMCID: PMC8700063 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is a cell suicide process that is essential for development, tissue homeostasis and human health. Impaired apoptosis is associated with a variety of human diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, autoimmunity and cancer. As the levels of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins can determine the life or death of cells, tight regulation of these proteins is critical. The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) is essential for maintaining protein turnover, which can either trigger or inhibit apoptosis. In this review, we will describe the E3 ligases that regulate the levels of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins and assisting proteins that regulate the levels of these E3 ligases. We will provide examples of apoptotic cell death modulations using the UPS, determined by positive and negative feedback loop reactions. Specifically, we will review how the stability of p53, Bcl-2 family members and IAPs (Inhibitor of Apoptosis proteins) are regulated upon initiation of apoptosis. As increased levels of oncogenes and decreased levels of tumor suppressor proteins can promote tumorigenesis, targeting these pathways offers opportunities to develop novel anti-cancer therapies, which act by recruiting the UPS for the effective and selective killing of cancer cells.
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14
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Zhu Y, Hu M, Ngowo J, Gao X, Chen X, Yan H, Yu W. Deacetylation of BmAda3 is required for cell apoptosis caused by Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus infection. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 108:e21838. [PMID: 34350621 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Silkworm is not only an ideal insect model with a biological significance, but it is also crucially important in sericulture and bioreactors. Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) is a principal pathogen of silkworm. However, the molecular mechanism underlying BmNPV invasion is still unclear. Based on our previous acetylome research findings of B. mori after BmNPV infection, here, we focused on silkworm alteration/deficiency in activation-3 (BmAda3). The acetylation of K124 and K128 were significantly reduced (0.66-fold) upon the virus challenge. Due to the interaction between Ada3 and P53, acetylation-mimic K124Q/K128Q and deacetylation-mimic K124R/K128R mutants of BmAda3 were constructed to explore the roles exerted by the acetylation modification of BmAda3 on P53. Yeast two-hybrid and IP results revealed that both BmAda3 and its deacetylation mutants (K124R/K128R) interacted with P53. Interestingly, we found that the deacetylation mutants (K124R/K128R) of BmAda3 significantly promoted the stability of P53. Since P53 is a proapoptotic factor, cell apoptosis was detected. We established that the deacetylation of BmAda3 at K124/K128 facilitated cellular apoptosis during BmNPV infection. Finally, viral proliferation was analyzed, and the results indicated that virus generation was reduced by K124/K128 deacetylation. Our report, based on the deacetylation of two lysine sites 124/128 of BmAda3, shows possible regulatory pathways of BmNPV proliferation and provides novel insights into the development of antiviral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Zhu
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Miao Hu
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jonas Ngowo
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xu Gao
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Huihui Yan
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wei Yu
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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15
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Acharya S, Chatterjee S, Chaudhuri S, Singh MK, Bhattacharya D, Bhattacharjee M, Ghosh A, Chaudhuri S. Akt Phosphorylation Orchestrates T11TS Mediated Cell Cycle Arrest in Glioma Cells. Cancer Invest 2021; 39:854-870. [PMID: 34569407 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2021.1986060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The novel anti-neoplastic glycopeptide T11TS retards glioma both in in-vitro clinical samples and in-vivo models. This study investigates the correlation between altering the glioma microenvironment with glioma arrest and death. Flow cytometry, immunoblotting, ELISA, and co-immunoprecipitation were employed to investigate glioma cell arrest and death. Results include a decline in phosphorylation of Akt and attenuation of p21 phosphorylation (Thr145,Ser146) and disassociation of p-Akt-Mdm2 and p-Akt-BAD facilitating death by Akt>BAD. T11TS influence phosphorylation patterns in two focal axes Akt>p21 and Akt>Mdm2>p53. The current article provides crucial insight in deciphering the mechanism of T11TS induced glioma cell arrest and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Acharya
- Department of Zoology, Vidyasagar University, Paschim Medinipur, Midnapore, India
| | | | | | - Manoj Kumar Singh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, India
| | - Debanjan Bhattacharya
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Anirban Ghosh
- Department of Zoology, Netaji Subhas Open University, Kolkata, India
| | - Swapna Chaudhuri
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, India.,Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute, Kolkata, India
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16
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Samra YA, Abdelghany AM, Zaghloul RA. Polydatin gold nanoparticles potentiate antitumor effect of doxorubicin in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma-bearing mice. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22869. [PMID: 34339076 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a leading cause of death. Anticancer treatment such as gold nanoparticles (AuNP) seems highly promising in this regard. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the beneficial effect of doxorubicin (Dox) and polydatin (PD) AuNP in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) and the ability of PD-AuNP to protect the heart from Dox's deteriorating effects. EAC was induced in mice. The mice were divided into nine groups: normal, EAC, PD: received PD (20 mg/kg), Dox: received Dox (2 mg/kg), PD-AuNPH: received 10 ppm AuNP of PD, PD-AuNPL: received 5 ppm AuNP of PD, Dox-AuNP: received Dox-AuNP, PD-Dox-AuNP: received PD-Dox-AuNP, AuNP: received AuNP. On the 21st day from tumor inoculation, the mice were sacrificed and tumor and heart tissues were removed. Tumor β-catenin/Cyclin D1 and p53 were assessed by immunohistochemistry. IL-6 was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. PD-AuNP and Dox-AuNP showed a significant reduction in tumor volume and weight more than their free forms. Also, PD-AuNP and Dox-AuNP showed markedly less dense tumor cells. β-catenin and Cyclin D1 were markedly decreased and p53 was highly upregulated by PD-AuNP and Dox-AuNP. Moreover, PD-AuNP and Dox-AuNP have the ability to decrease IL-6 production. PD-AuNP protected the heart from Dox-induced severe degeneration. Therefore, PD-AuNP could be a tool to decelerate the progression of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yara A Samra
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Amr M Abdelghany
- Department of Spectroscopy, Physics Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt.,Basic Science Department, Horus University, New Damietta, Damietta, Egypt
| | - Randa A Zaghloul
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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17
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Ronayne CT, Jonnalagadda SK, Jonnalagadda S, Nelson GL, Solano LN, Palle H, Mani C, Rumbley J, Holy J, Mereddy VR. Synthesis and biological evaluation of a novel anticancer agent CBISC that induces DNA damage response and diminishes levels of mutant-p53. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 562:127-132. [PMID: 34051576 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A novel nitrogen mustard CBISC has been synthesized and evaluated as an anticancer agent. CBISC has been shown to exhibit enhanced cell proliferation inhibition properties against mutant p53 cell lines colorectal cancer WiDr, pancreatic cancer (MIAPaCa-2 and PANC-1), and triple negative breast cancer (MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468). In vitro mechanism of action studies revealed perturbations in the p53 pathway and increased cell death as evidenced by western blotting, immunofluorescent microscopy and MTT assay. Further, in vivo studies revealed that CBISC is well tolerated in healthy mice and exhibited significant in vivo tumor growth inhibition properties in WiDr and MIAPaCa-2 xenograft models. These studies illustrate the potential utility of CBISC as an anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor T Ronayne
- Integrated Biosciences Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN, 55812, USA
| | - Sravan K Jonnalagadda
- Integrated Biosciences Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN, 55812, USA
| | - Shirisha Jonnalagadda
- Integrated Biosciences Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN, 55812, USA
| | - Grady L Nelson
- Integrated Biosciences Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN, 55812, USA
| | - Lucas N Solano
- Integrated Biosciences Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN, 55812, USA
| | - Hithardha Palle
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA
| | - Chinnadurai Mani
- Department of Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA
| | - Jon Rumbley
- Department of Pharmacy Practice & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN, 55812, USA
| | - Jon Holy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN, 55812, USA
| | - Venkatram R Mereddy
- Integrated Biosciences Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN, 55812, USA; Department of Pharmacy Practice & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN, 55812, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN, 55812, USA.
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18
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Narkar A, Johnson BA, Bharne P, Zhu J, Padmanaban V, Biswas D, Fraser A, Iglesias PA, Ewald AJ, Li R. On the role of p53 in the cellular response to aneuploidy. Cell Rep 2021; 34:108892. [PMID: 33761356 PMCID: PMC8051136 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Most solid tumors are aneuploid, and p53 has been implicated as the guardian of the euploid genome. Previous experiments using human cell lines showed that aneuploidy induction leads to p53 accumulation and p21-mediated G1 cell cycle arrest. We find that adherent 2-dimensional (2D) cultures of human immortalized or cancer cell lines activate p53 upon aneuploidy induction, whereas suspension cultures of a human lymphoid cell line undergo a p53-independent cell cycle arrest. Surprisingly, 3D human and mouse organotypic cultures from neural, intestinal, or mammary epithelial tissues do not activate p53 or arrest in G1 following aneuploidy induction. p53-deficient colon organoids have increased aneuploidy and frequent lagging chromosomes and multipolar spindles during mitosis. These data suggest that p53 may not act as a universal surveillance factor restricting the proliferation of aneuploid cells but instead helps directly or indirectly ensure faithful chromosome transmission likely by preventing polyploidization and influencing spindle mechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Narkar
- Center for Cell Dynamics and Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Blake A Johnson
- Center for Cell Dynamics and Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Pandurang Bharne
- Center for Cell Dynamics and Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jin Zhu
- Center for Cell Dynamics and Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Veena Padmanaban
- Center for Cell Dynamics and Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Debojyoti Biswas
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Andrew Fraser
- Center for Cell Dynamics and Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Pablo A Iglesias
- Center for Cell Dynamics and Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Electrical and Computer Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Andrew J Ewald
- Center for Cell Dynamics and Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Rong Li
- Center for Cell Dynamics and Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Mechanobiology Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore.
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19
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Zhang W, Gong J, Yang H, Wan L, Peng Y, Wang X, Sun J, Li F, Geng Y, Li D, Liu N, Mei G, Cao Y, Yan Q, Li H, Zhang Y, He X, Zhang Q, Zhang R, Wu F, Zhong H, Wei C. The Mitochondrial Protein MAVS Stabilizes p53 to Suppress Tumorigenesis. Cell Rep 2021; 30:725-738.e4. [PMID: 31968249 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent reports have shown the critical role of the mitochondrial antiviral signaling (MAVS) protein in virus-induced apoptosis, but the involvement of MAVS in tumorigenesis is still poorly understood. Herein, we report that MAVS is a key regulator of p53 activation and is critical for protecting against tumorigenesis. We find that MAVS promotes p53-dependent cell death in response to DNA damage. MAVS interacts with p53 and mediates p53 mitochondrial recruitment under genotoxic stress. Mechanistically, MAVS inhibits p53 ubiquitination by blocking the formation of the p53-murine double-minute 2 (MDM2) complex, leading to the stabilization of p53. Notably, compared with their wild-type littermates, MAVS knockout mice display decreased resistance to azoxymethane (AOM) or AOM/dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS)-induced colon cancer. MAVS expression is significantly downregulated in human colon cancer tissues. These results unveil roles for MAVS in DNA damage response and tumor suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanchuan Zhang
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, China; Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang 110042, China
| | - Jing Gong
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Luming Wan
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yumeng Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Jin Sun
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Yunqi Geng
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Dongyu Li
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Gangwu Mei
- Wei Sai Te Biotechnology Company, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Cao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The General Hospital of Jinan Military Region, Jinan, Shandong 250031, China
| | - Qiulin Yan
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, China; Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Huilong Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Yanhong Zhang
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Xiang He
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Qiaozhi Zhang
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang 110042, China.
| | - Feixiang Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China.
| | - Hui Zhong
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, China.
| | - Congwen Wei
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, China.
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20
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Russo LC, Ferruzo PYM, Forti FL. Nucleophosmin Protein Dephosphorylation by DUSP3 Is a Fine-Tuning Regulator of p53 Signaling to Maintain Genomic Stability. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:624933. [PMID: 33777934 PMCID: PMC7991746 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.624933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The dual-specificity phosphatase 3 (DUSP3), an atypical protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP), regulates cell cycle checkpoints and DNA repair pathways under conditions of genotoxic stress. DUSP3 interacts with the nucleophosmin protein (NPM) in the cell nucleus after UV-radiation, implying a potential role for this interaction in mechanisms of genomic stability. Here, we show a high-affinity binding between DUSP3-NPM and NPM tyrosine phosphorylation after UV stress, which is increased in DUSP3 knockdown cells. Specific antibodies designed to the four phosphorylated NPM’s tyrosines revealed that DUSP3 dephosphorylates Y29, Y67, and Y271 after UV-radiation. DUSP3 knockdown causes early nucleolus exit of NPM and ARF proteins allowing them to disrupt the HDM2-p53 interaction in the nucleoplasm after UV-stress. The anticipated p53 release from proteasome degradation increased p53-Ser15 phosphorylation, prolonged p53 half-life, and enhanced p53 transcriptional activity. The regular dephosphorylation of NPM’s tyrosines by DUSP3 balances the p53 functioning and favors the repair of UV-promoted DNA lesions needed for the maintenance of genomic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian C Russo
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Systems Signalling, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pault Y M Ferruzo
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Systems Signalling, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabio L Forti
- Laboratory of Biomolecular Systems Signalling, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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21
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Taniue K, Akimitsu N. Aberrant phase separation and cancer. FEBS J 2021; 289:17-39. [PMID: 33583140 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells are intracellularly divided into numerous compartments or organelles, which coordinate specific molecules and biological reactions. Membrane-bound organelles are physically separated by lipid bilayers from the surrounding environment. Biomolecular condensates, also referred to membraneless organelles, are micron-scale cellular compartments that lack membranous enclosures but function to concentrate proteins and RNA molecules, and these are involved in diverse processes. Liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) driven by multivalent weak macromolecular interactions is a critical principle for the formation of biomolecular condensates, and a multitude of combinations among multivalent interactions may drive liquid-liquid phase transition (LLPT). Dysregulation of LLPS and LLPT leads to aberrant condensate and amyloid formation, which causes many human diseases, including neurodegeneration and cancer. Here, we describe recent findings regarding abnormal forms of biomolecular condensates and aggregation via aberrant LLPS and LLPT of cancer-related proteins in cancer development driven by mutation and fusion of genes. Moreover, we discuss the regulatory mechanisms by which aberrant LLPS and LLPT occur in cancer and the drug candidates targeting these mechanisms. Further understanding of the molecular events regulating how biomolecular condensates and aggregation form in cancer tissue is critical for the development of therapeutic strategies against tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenzui Taniue
- Isotope Science Center, The University of Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Japan
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22
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Abstract
Introduction: Management of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) continues to be a therapeutic challenge despite significant recent advancements. Dysregulation of several components of apoptotic pathways has been identified as potential driver in AML. Areas covered: Overexpression of anti-apoptotic proteins, B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2), BCL-XL, and myeloid cell leukemia-1 (MCL1), has been associated with worse outcome in AML. Dysfunction of p53 pathway (often through mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2)) and high expression of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAP) constitute other disruptions of apoptotic machinery. Significant antileukemic activity of BCL2 inhibitors (particularly venetoclax) in preclinical models has translated into improved objective response and overall survival in combination with hypomethylating agents in AML. Addition of MCL1, BCL-XL, or MDM2 inhibitors could potentially overcome resistance to BCL2 inhibition. Authors conducted a thorough review of available literature on therapeutic options targeting apoptosis in AML, using PubMed, MEDLINE, meeting abstracts, and ClinicalTrials.gov. Expert opinion: While venetoclax remains the core component of targeting apoptosis, ongoing clinical trials should help find ideal combination regimens in different AML subgroups. Future research should focus on overcoming resistance to BCL2 inhibition, optimal management of adverse events, and development of biomarkers to identify patients most likely to benefit from apoptosis-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somedeb Ball
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute , Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Gautam Borthakur
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX, USA
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23
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Choi JH, Bogenberger JM, Tibes R. Targeting Apoptosis in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Current Status and Future Directions of BCL-2 Inhibition with Venetoclax and Beyond. Target Oncol 2020; 15:147-162. [PMID: 32319019 DOI: 10.1007/s11523-020-00711-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a disease of the hematopoietic system that remains a therapeutic challenge despite advances in our understanding of the underlying cancer biology over the past decade. Recent developments in molecular targeting have shown promising results in treating leukemia, paving the way for novel treatment strategies. The discovery of drugs that promote apoptosis in leukemic cells has translated to encouraging activity in clinical trials. B-cell lymphoma (BCL)-2 inhibition has been at the center of drug development efforts to target apoptosis in AML. Remarkable clinical success with venetoclax has revolutionized the ways we treat hematological malignancies. Several landmark trials have demonstrated the potent antitumor activity of venetoclax, and it is now frequently combined with traditional cytotoxic agents to treat AML. However, resistance to BCL-2 inhibition is emerging, and alternative strategies to address resistance mechanisms have become an important focus of research. A number of clinical trials are now underway to investigate a plurality of novel agents that were shown to overcome resistance to BCL-2 inhibition in preclinical models. Some of the most promising data come from studies on drugs that downregulate myeloid cell leukemia (MCL)-1, such as cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) inhibitors. Furthermore, innovative approaches to target apoptosis via extrinsic pathways and p53 regulation have added new cytotoxic agents to the arsenal, including drugs that inhibit inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family proteins and murine double minute 2 (MDM2). This review provides a perspective on past and current treatment strategies harnessing various mechanisms of apoptosis to target AML and highlights some important promising treatment combinations in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun H Choi
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, New York University School of Medicine and Perlmutter Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Raoul Tibes
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, New York University School of Medicine and Perlmutter Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.
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25
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Synthesis and Bioactivity Assessment of Novel Spiro Pyrazole-Oxindole Congeners Exhibiting Potent and Selective in vitro Anticancer Effects. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25051124. [PMID: 32138244 PMCID: PMC7179167 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25051124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work aims to design and synthesize novel series of spiro pyrazole-3,3’-oxindoles analogues and investigate their bioactivity as antioxidant and antimicrobial agents, as well as antiproliferative potency against selected human cancerous cell lines (i.e., breast, MCF-7; colon, HCT-116 and liver, HepG-2) relative to healthy noncancerous control skin fibroblast cells (BJ-1). The mechanism of their cytotoxic activity has been also examined by immunoassaying the levels of key anti- and proapoptotic protein markers. The analytical and spectral data of the all synthesized target congeners were compatible with their structures. Synthesized compounds showed diverse moderate to powerful antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Results of MTT assay revealed that seven synthesized compounds (i.e., 11a, 11b, 12a, 12b, 13b, 13c and 13h) particularly exhibited significant cytotoxicity against the three cancerous cell lines under investigation. Ranges of IC50 values obtained were 5.7–21.3 and 5.8–37.4 µg/mL against HCT-116 and MCF-7, respectively; which is 3.8 and 6.5-fold (based on the least IC50 values) more significant relative to the reference chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin. In HepG-2 cells, the analogue 13h exhibited the highest cytotoxicity with IC50 value of 19.2µg/mL relative to doxorubicin (IC50 = 21.6µg/mL). The observed cytotoxicity was specific to cancerous cells, as evidenced by the minimal toxicity in the noncancerous control skin-fibroblast cells. ELISA results indicated that the observed antiproliferative effect against examined cancer cell lines is mediated via engaging the activation of apoptosis as illustrated by the significant increase in proapoptotic protein markers (p53, bax and caspase-3) and reduction in the antiapoptotic marker bcl-2. Taken together, results of the present study emphasize the potential of spiro pyrazole-oxindole analogues as valuable candidate anticancer agents against human cancer cells.
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26
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Granata C, Oliveira RSF, Little JP, Bishop DJ. Forty high-intensity interval training sessions blunt exercise-induced changes in the nuclear protein content of PGC-1α and p53 in human skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 318:E224-E236. [PMID: 31794264 PMCID: PMC7052577 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00233.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Exercise-induced increases in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) and p53 protein content in the nucleus mediate the initial phase of exercise-induced mitochondrial biogenesis. Here, we investigated whether exercise-induced increases in these and other markers of mitochondrial biogenesis were altered after 40 sessions of twice-daily high-volume, high-intensity interval training (HVT) in human skeletal muscle. Vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were collected from 10 healthy recreationally active participants before, immediately postexercise, and 3 h after a session of high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) performed at the same absolute exercise intensity before and after HVT (pre-HVT and post-HVT, respectively). The protein content of common markers of exercise-induced mitochondrial biogenesis was assessed in nuclear- and cytosolic-enriched fractions by immunoblotting; mRNA contents of key transcription factors and mitochondrial genes were assessed by qPCR. Despite exercise-induced increases in PGC-1α, p53, and plant homeodomain finger-containing protein 20 (PHF20) protein content, the phosphorylation of p53 and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (p-p53 Ser15 and p-ACC Ser79, respectively), and PGC-1α mRNA Pre-HVT, no significant changes were observed post-HVT. Forty sessions of twice-daily high-intensity interval training blunted all of the measured exercise-induced molecular events associated with mitochondrial biogenesis that were observed pre-HVT. Future studies should determine whether this loss relates to the decrease in relative exercise intensity, habituation to the same exercise stimulus, or a combination of both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesare Granata
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rodrigo S F Oliveira
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jonathan P Little
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - David J Bishop
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
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Andrade-Souza VA, Ghiarone T, Sansonio A, Santos Silva KA, Tomazini F, Arcoverde L, Fyfe J, Perri E, Saner N, Kuang J, Bertuzzi R, Leandro CG, Bishop DJ, Lima-Silva AE. Exercise twice-a-day potentiates markers of mitochondrial biogenesis in men. FASEB J 2019; 34:1602-1619. [PMID: 31914620 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901207rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Endurance exercise begun with reduced muscle glycogen stores seems to potentiate skeletal muscle protein abundance and gene expression. However, it is unknown whether this greater signaling responses is due to performing two exercise sessions in close proximity-as a first exercise session is necessary to reduce the muscle glycogen stores. In the present study, we manipulated the recovery duration between a first muscle glycogen-depleting exercise and a second exercise session, such that the second exercise session started with reduced muscle glycogen in both approaches but was performed either 2 or 15 hours after the first exercise session (so-called "twice-a-day" and "once-daily" approaches, respectively). We found that exercise twice-a-day increased the nuclear abundance of transcription factor EB (TFEB) and nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) and potentiated the transcription of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-ɣ coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARα), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor beta/delta (PPARβ/δ) genes, in comparison with the once-daily exercise. These results suggest that part of the elevated molecular signaling reported with previous "train-low" approaches might be attributed to performing two exercise sessions in close proximity. The twice-a-day approach might be an effective strategy to induce adaptations related to mitochondrial biogenesis and fat oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Amorim Andrade-Souza
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Academic Center of Vitoria, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - Thaysa Ghiarone
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Academic Center of Vitoria, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - Andre Sansonio
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Academic Center of Vitoria, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - Kleiton Augusto Santos Silva
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Academic Center of Vitoria, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil.,Department of Medicine, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MI, USA
| | - Fabiano Tomazini
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Academic Center of Vitoria, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - Lucyana Arcoverde
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Academic Center of Vitoria, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - Jackson Fyfe
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia
| | - Enrico Perri
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Nicholas Saner
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jujiao Kuang
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Romulo Bertuzzi
- Endurance Performance Research Group, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carol Gois Leandro
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Academic Center of Vitoria, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - David John Bishop
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Adriano Eduardo Lima-Silva
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Academic Center of Vitoria, Federal University of Pernambuco, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil.,Human Performance Research Group, Academic Department of Physical Education, Technological Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Neuregulin-1 Protects Neuronal Cells Against Damage due to CoCl2-Induced Hypoxia by Suppressing Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α and P53 in SH-SY5Y Cells. Int Neurourol J 2019; 23:S111-118. [PMID: 31795610 PMCID: PMC6905208 DOI: 10.5213/inj.1938190.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Hypoxia-mediated neurotoxicity contributes to various neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer disease. Neuregulin-1 (NRG1) plays an important role in the development and plasticity of the brain. The aim of the present study was to investigate the neuroprotective effect and the regulating hypoxic inducible factor of NRG1 in cobalt chloride (CoCl2) induced hypoxia. Methods Hypoxia was induced in SH-SY5Y cells by CoCl2 treatment. SH-SY5Y cells were pretreated with NRG1 and then treated with CoCl2. Western blotting, immunocytochemistry, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assays were performed to examine neuroprotective properties of NRG1 in SH-SY5Y cells. Results Our data showed that CoCl2 induced cytotoxicity and changes of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and p53 expression in SH-SY5Y cells. However, pretreatment with NRG1 inhibited CoCl2-induced accumulation of HIF-1α and p53 stability. In addition, NRG1 significantly attenuated cell death of SH-SY5Y induced by CoCl2. Conclusions NRG1 can regulate HIF-1α and p53 to protect neurons against hypoxic damage.
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Li YL, Gan XL, Zhu RP, Wang X, Liao DF, Jin J, Huang Z. Anticancer Activity of Platinum (II) Complex with 2-Benzoylpyridine by Induction of DNA Damage, S-Phase Arrest, and Apoptosis. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2019; 20:504-517. [PMID: 31721706 DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666191112114340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To overcome the disadvantages of cisplatin, numerous platinum (Pt) complexes have been prepared. However, the anticancer activity and mechanism of Pt(II) complexed with 2-benzoylpyridine [Pt(II)- Bpy]: [PtCl2(DMSO)L] (DMSO = dimethyl sulfoxide, L = 2-benzoylpyridine) in cancer cells remain unknown. METHODS Pt(II)-Bpy was synthesized and characterized by spectrum analysis. Its anticancer activity and underlying mechanisms were demonstrated at the cellular, molecular, and in vivo levels. RESULTS Pt(II)-Bpy inhibited tumor cell growth, especially HepG2 human liver cancer cells, with a halfmaximal inhibitory concentration of 9.8±0.5μM, but with low toxicity in HL-7702 normal liver cells. Pt(II)- Bpy induced DNA damage, which was demonstrated through a marked increase in the expression of cleavedpoly (ADP ribose) polymerase (PARP) and gamma-H2A histone family member X and a decrease in PARP expression. The interaction of Pt(II)-Bpy with DNA at the molecular level was most likely through an intercalation mechanism, which might be evidence of DNA damage. Pt(II)-Bpy initiated cell cycle arrest at the S phase in HepG2 cells. It also caused severe loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential; a decrease in the expression of caspase-9 and caspase-3; an increase in reactive oxygen species levels; the release of cytochrome c and apoptotic protease activation factor; and the activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3 in HepG2 cells, which in turn resulted in apoptosis. Meanwhile, changes in p53 and related proteins were observed including the upregulation of p53, the phosphorylation of p53, p21, B-cell lymphoma-2-associated X protein, and NOXA; and the downregulation of B-cell lymphoma 2. Moreover, Pt(II)-Bpy displayed marked inhibitory effects on tumor growth in the HepG2 nude mouse model. CONCLUSION Pt(II)-Bpy is a potential candidate for cancer chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lan Li
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, Guangxi, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine in Liver Injury and Repair, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, Guangxi, China.,China-USA Lipids in Health and Disease Research Center, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, Guangxi, China.,Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University, 15 Yucai Road, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Xin-Li Gan
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, Guangxi, China
| | - Rong-Ping Zhu
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, Guangxi, China.,Department of Emergency Traumatic Surgery, the Affiliated Ganzhou Hospital of Nanchang University (Ganzhou People's Hospital), Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xuehong Wang
- Department of Pathology, the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, Guangxi, China
| | - Duan-Fang Liao
- Division of Stem Cell Regulation and Application, State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Powder and Medicine Innovation in Hunan (Incubation), Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Junfei Jin
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, Guangxi, China.,Guangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine in Liver Injury and Repair, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, Guangxi, China.,China-USA Lipids in Health and Disease Research Center, Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhaoquan Huang
- Department of Pathology, the Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, Guangxi, China
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Al-Zharani M, Nasr FA, Abutaha N, Alqahtani AS, Noman OM, Mubarak M, Wadaan MA. Apoptotic Induction and Anti-Migratory Effects of Rhazya Stricta Fruit Extracts on a Human Breast Cancer Cell Line. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24213968. [PMID: 31683960 PMCID: PMC6864471 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24213968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhazya stricta is a medicinal plant that is widely used in Saudi folklore medicine for treatment of various diseases. R. stricta fruit powder was sequentially extracted with n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol using a Soxhlet extractor. The cytotoxic effects of these fractions on human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7) and non-tumorigenic control cells (MCF-10A) were evaluated via cell viability measurements, microscopy, gene expression, and migration assays. Moreover, the effect of the most promising extract on 7,12-dimethyl-benz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced breast cancer was investigated in rats. The promising extract was also subjected to gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Fruit extracts of R. stricta were significantly cytotoxic toward all tested cell lines, as demonstrated by MTT and LDH assays. Treatment of MDA-MB-231 cells with fruit ethyl acetate fraction (RSF EtOAc) increased expression 11of P53, Bax and activation of caspase 3/7. A cell migration scratch assay demonstrated that extracts at non-cytotoxic concentrations exerted a potent anti-migration activity against the highly invasive MDA-MB-231 cell line. Moreover, RT-PCR results showed that RSF EtOAc significantly downregulated MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression, which play an important role in breast cancer metastasis. Histological studies of breast tissue in experimental animals showed a slight improvement in tissue treated with fruit ethyl acetate extract. GC-MS chromatogram showed thirteen peaks with major constituents were camphor, trichosenic acid and guanidine. Our current study demonstrates that fruit extracts of R. stricta are cytotoxic toward breast cancer cell lines through apoptotic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Al-Zharani
- Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), College of Science, Biology Department, Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fahd A Nasr
- Medicinal Aromatic, and Poisonous Plants Research Centre, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nael Abutaha
- Bioproducts Research Chair, Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ali S Alqahtani
- Medicinal Aromatic, and Poisonous Plants Research Centre, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Omar M Noman
- Medicinal Aromatic, and Poisonous Plants Research Centre, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammed Mubarak
- Electron Microscope Unit, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Muhammad A Wadaan
- Bioproducts Research Chair, Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
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31
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Navalkar A, Ghosh S, Pandey S, Paul A, Datta D, Maji SK. Prion-like p53 Amyloids in Cancer. Biochemistry 2019; 59:146-155. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ambuja Navalkar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India 400076
| | - Saikat Ghosh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India 400076
| | - Satyaprakash Pandey
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India 400076
| | - Ajoy Paul
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India 400076
| | - Debalina Datta
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India 400076
| | - Samir K. Maji
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, IIT Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, India 400076
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Arai M, Imamura O, Kondoh N, Dateki M, Takishima K. Neuronal Ca2+‐dependent activator protein 1 (NCDAP1) induces neuronal cell death by activating p53 pathway following traumatic brain injury. J Neurochem 2019; 151:795-809. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masaaki Arai
- Department of Biochemistry National Defense Medical College Tokorozawa Japan
| | - Osamu Imamura
- Department of Biochemistry National Defense Medical College Tokorozawa Japan
| | - Nobuo Kondoh
- Department of Oral Biochemistry Asahi University School of Dentistry Mizuho Japan
| | - Minori Dateki
- Department of Biochemistry National Defense Medical College Tokorozawa Japan
| | - Kunio Takishima
- Department of Biochemistry National Defense Medical College Tokorozawa Japan
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Li X, Zhang XX, Lin YX, Xu XM, Li L, Yang JB. Virtual Screening Based on Ensemble Docking Targeting Wild-Type p53 for Anticancer Drug Discovery. Chem Biodivers 2019; 16:e1900170. [PMID: 31134745 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201900170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The tumor-suppressor function of p53 makes it an attractive drug target. Efforts were mostly put on stabilization of the functional p53 or reactivation of mutated p53. Previous studies have shown that small molecules targeting Loop1/Sheet3 (L1/S3) can reactivate the R175H-p53 and stabilize p53 in vitro. Since the L1/S3 pocket is shared by the mutate and the wild type (WT) p53, virtual screening is introduced to identify natural products targeting the L1/S3 of WT p53. Considering the high flexibility of Loop1, ensemble docking method is utilized for different clusters of the L1/S3. Seven conformations were chosen for docking. As one of the 181 selected candidates, torilin not only improved p53 activity, but also increased p21 protein expression level, which lies downstream of p53, therefore suppressing HCT116 cancer cell growth. Torilin may covalently bind to Cys124 of p53 by 2-methyl-2-butenal (2M2B) group, as torilin derivatives, which do not contain the 2M2B group, were not able to increase the p53 transcription activity. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that L1/S3 of WT-p53 is a druggable pocket, and torilin has a potential cytotoxicity through activating the p53 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Xin Zhang
- Innovation Center for Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266100, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Xi Lin
- School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Xi-Ming Xu
- Innovation Center for Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266100, P. R. China
| | - Li Li
- Innovation Center for Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266100, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Bo Yang
- School of Life Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China.,Innovation Center for Marine Drug Screening & Evaluation, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266100, P. R. China
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Mendis AS, Thabrew I, Ediriweera MK, Samarakoon SR, Tennekoon KH, Adhikari A, de Silva ED. Isolation of a New Sesquiterpene Lactone From Vernonia Zeylanica (L) Less and its Anti-Proliferative Effects in Breast Cancer Cell Lines. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2019; 19:410-424. [DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666181128163359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background/Objective:
Vernonia zeylanica (L) less is an endemic plant to Sri Lanka. The present
study was designed to isolate potential cytotoxic compound/s from chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts of V.
zeylanica by bio-activity guided isolation and to evaluate its anti-proliferative effects in three breast cancer
phenotypes (MCF -7, MDA-MB-231, SKBR-3).
Methods:
Combined chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts were subjected to chromatographic separations to
isolate a compound (1) and the structure of the isolated compound was elucidated using 1H, 13C and mass spectroscopic
techniques. Cytotoxic effects of the compound were evaluated by the sulforhodamine B (SRB) and the
MTT (3- (4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assays. Effects of the compound on
apoptosis were evaluated by fluorescent microscopy, caspase 3/7 activation, DNA fragmentation and real time
PCR. Effects of the compound on the expression of heat shock protein complex were also evaluated by real time
PCR and immunofluorescence.
Results:
Isolated compound was identified as a new sesquiterpene lactone (vernolactone). The compound mediated
significant cytotoxic effects in SKBR-3 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, with little effect in MCF-7
and normal mammary epithelial MCF-10A cells. Morphological changes, DNA fragmentation, increased
caspase 3/7 activities and up-regulation of p53, Bax and down regulation of Survivin confirmed the proapoptotic
effects of the compound. Significant inhibition of HSP complex related genes were also observed in SKBR-3
and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells.
Conclusion:
Overall results indicate that vernolactone can mediate its cytotoxic effects via apoptosis and modulating
the HSP complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuka S. Mendis
- Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Colombo, 90, Cumaratunga Munidasa Mawatha, Colombo 03, Sri Lanka
| | - Ira Thabrew
- Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Colombo, 90, Cumaratunga Munidasa Mawatha, Colombo 03, Sri Lanka
| | - Meran K. Ediriweera
- Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Colombo, 90, Cumaratunga Munidasa Mawatha, Colombo 03, Sri Lanka
| | - Sameera R. Samarakoon
- Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Colombo, 90, Cumaratunga Munidasa Mawatha, Colombo 03, Sri Lanka
| | - Kamani H. Tennekoon
- Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Colombo, 90, Cumaratunga Munidasa Mawatha, Colombo 03, Sri Lanka
| | - Achyut Adhikari
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Egodage D. de Silva
- Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Colombo, 90, Cumaratunga Munidasa Mawatha, Colombo 03, Sri Lanka
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Amniotic Fluid Cells, Stem Cells, and p53: Can We Stereotype p53 Functions? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092236. [PMID: 31067653 PMCID: PMC6539965 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, great interest has been devoted to finding alternative sources for human stem cells which can be easily isolated, ideally without raising ethical objections. These stem cells should furthermore have a high proliferation rate and the ability to differentiate into all three germ layers. Amniotic fluid, ordinarily discarded as medical waste, is potentially such a novel source of stem cells, and these amniotic fluid derived stem cells are currently gaining a lot of attention. However, further information will be required about the properties of these cells before they can be used for therapeutic purposes. For example, the risk of tumor formation after cell transplantation needs to be explored. The tumor suppressor protein p53, well known for its activity in controlling Cell Prolif.eration and cell death in differentiated cells, has more recently been found to be also active in amniotic fluid stem cells. In this review, we summarize the major findings about human amniotic fluid stem cells since their discovery, followed by a brief overview of the important role played by p53 in embryonic and adult stem cells. In addition, we explore what is known about p53 in amniotic fluid stem cells to date, and emphasize the need to investigate its role, particularly in the context of cell tumorigenicity.
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Khurana A, Shafer DA. MDM2 antagonists as a novel treatment option for acute myeloid leukemia: perspectives on the therapeutic potential of idasanutlin (RG7388). Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:2903-2910. [PMID: 31289443 PMCID: PMC6563714 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s172315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a clonal heterogenous malignancy of the myeloid cells with a poor prognosis lending itself to novel treatment strategies. TP53 is a critical tumor suppressor and plays an essential role in leukemogenesis. Although TP53 is relatively unusual in de novo AML, inactivation of wild-type p53 (WT-p53) is a common event. Murine double minute 2 (MDM2) is a key negative regulator of p53 and its expression; inhibition of MDM2 is postulated to reactivate WT-p53 and its tumor suppressor functions. Nutlins were the first small molecule inhibitors that bind to MDM2 and target its interaction with p53. RG7388 (idasanutlin), a second-generation nutlin, was developed to improve upon the potency and toxicity profile of earlier nutlins. Preliminary data from early phase trials and ongoing studies suggest clinical response with RG7388 (idasanutlin) both in monotherapy and combination strategies in AML. We herein briefly discuss currently approved therapies in AML and review the clinical data for RG7388 (idasanutlin) and MDM2 inhibition as novel treatment strategies in AML. We further describe efficacy and toxicity profile data from completed and ongoing trials of RG7388 (idasanutlin) and other MDM2-p53 inhibitors in development. Many targeted therapies have been approved recently in AML, with a focus on the older and unfit population for intensive induction therapy and in relapsed/refractory disease. The "nutlins", including RG7388 (idasanutlin), merit continued investigation in such settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arushi Khurana
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology & Palliative Care, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA,
| | - Danielle A Shafer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology & Palliative Care, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA,
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Mutant p53 regulates LPA signaling through lysophosphatidic acid phosphatase type 6. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5195. [PMID: 30914657 PMCID: PMC6435808 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41352-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence has indicated that high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) originates in the fallopian tube, where the earliest known genetic lesion is the mutation of TP53. In addition to such genetic changes, HGSOC is characterized by altered metabolism, including the production of oncogenic lipids such as lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). To understand the crosstalk between TP53 mutations and LPA signaling, we utilized primary fallopian tube epithelial cells (FTEC) engineered to overexpress mutant p53. We found that gain-of-function (GOF) p53 mutations downregulated the LPA-degrading enzyme lysophosphatidic acid phosphatase type 6 (ACP6), leading to upregulation of focal adhesion signaling in an LPA-dependent manner. Although highly expressed in normal fallopian tube epithelium, ACP6 expression was significantly reduced in ovarian cancer tumors and early in situ lesions. Downregulation of ACP6 in ovarian cancer cells was necessary and sufficient to support HGSOC proliferation, adhesion, migration, and invasion. Using mouse models of metastasis, we established that attenuation of ACP6 expression was associated with increased tumor burden. Conversely, overexpression of ACP6 suppressed invasive behavior. These data identify an involvement of oncogenic p53 mutations in LPA signaling and HGSOC progression through regulation of ACP6 expression.
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38
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Levy R, Gregory E, Borcherds W, Daughdrill G. p53 Phosphomimetics Preserve Transient Secondary Structure but Reduce Binding to Mdm2 and MdmX. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9030083. [PMID: 30832340 PMCID: PMC6468375 DOI: 10.3390/biom9030083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The disordered p53 transactivation domain (p53TAD) contains specific levels of transient helical secondary structure that are necessary for its binding to the negative regulators, mouse double minute 2 (Mdm2) and MdmX. The interactions of p53 with Mdm2 and MdmX are also modulated by posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of p53TAD including phosphorylation at S15, T18 and S20 that inhibits p53-Mdm2 binding. It is unclear whether the levels of transient secondary structure in p53TAD are changed by phosphorylation or other PTMs. We used phosphomimetic mutants to determine if adding a negative charge at positions 15 and 18 has any effect on the transient secondary structure of p53TAD and protein-protein binding. Using a combination of biophysical and structural methods, we investigated the effects of single and multisite phosphomimetics on the transient secondary structure of p53TAD and its interaction with Mdm2, MdmX, and the KIX domain. The phosphomimetics reduced Mdm2 and MdmX binding affinity by 3–5-fold, but resulted in minimal changes in transient secondary structure, suggesting that the destabilizing effect of phosphorylation on the p53TAD-Mdm2 interaction is primarily electrostatic. Phosphomimetics had no effect on the p53-KIX interaction, suggesting that increased binding of phosphorylated p53 to KIX may be influenced by decreased competition with its negative regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Levy
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA.
- Center for Drug Discovery and Innovation, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
| | - Emily Gregory
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA.
- Center for Drug Discovery and Innovation, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
| | - Wade Borcherds
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA.
- Center for Drug Discovery and Innovation, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
| | - Gary Daughdrill
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA.
- Center for Drug Discovery and Innovation, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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Kim MS, Lee CW, Kim JH, Lee JC, An WG. Extract of Rhus verniciflua Stokes Induces p53-Mediated Apoptosis in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2019; 2019:9407340. [PMID: 30881477 PMCID: PMC6383427 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9407340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Rhus verniciflua Stokes has long been used as a food supplement and traditional herbal medicine for various ailments in East Asia. We evaluated the anticancer effects of Rhus verniciflua Stokes extract (RVSE) on MCF-7 cells by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, flow cytometry, annexin V/7-AAD staining, and western blotting. In addition, the gallic acid content of RVSE was assayed using high-performance liquid chromatography. RVSE inhibited the growth of MCF-7 cells in a dose-dependent manner by inducing apoptosis in the sub-G1 phase. RVSE also significantly increased the number of apoptotic cells and increased the expression of p53 and p21 in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, RVSE treatment increased the Bax:Bcl-2 ratio and the levels of apoptosis-related factors, such as cleaved caspase-3 and -9 and PARP, in MCF-7 cells. Our findings suggest that the proapoptotic effect of RVSE on MCF-7 cells is mediated by p53, p21, and the intrinsic mitochondrial cascade. Thus, RVSE shows promise for the prevention and treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Sung Kim
- School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
- Longevity life Science and Technology Institutes, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Won Lee
- Research Institute for Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hoon Kim
- School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Cheon Lee
- School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Gun An
- School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
- Longevity life Science and Technology Institutes, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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40
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Hussain A, Dulay P, Rivera MN, Aramouni C, Saxena V. Neoplastic Pathogenesis Associated with Cigarette Carcinogens. Cureus 2019; 11:e3955. [PMID: 30956908 PMCID: PMC6436676 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.3955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke is widely regarded as a carcinogenic agent; thus, the incidence of relative neoplasms correlates to cigarette smoking (CS) on a global level. While CS is most commonly associated with carcinomas of the upper and lower respiratory tracts, studies have also associated CS with the pathogenesis of a variety of non-respiratory related neoplasms. The tobacco smoke emitted from cigarettes contains carcinogenic substances that can be harmful to the normal physiology of the human body. This study will elaborate on the incidence and etiology of carcinomas, as well as discuss, in detail, the role of tobacco in the pathogenesis of oral, esophageal, lung, gastric, pancreatic, renal, and bladder carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azhar Hussain
- Epidemiology and Public Health, Xavier University School of Medicine, Oranjestad, ABW
| | - Parmvir Dulay
- Internal Medicine, Xavier University School of Medicine, Oranjestad, ABW
| | - Megan N Rivera
- Internal Medicine, Xavier University School of Medicine, Oranjestad, ABW
| | - Carla Aramouni
- Internal Medicine, Xavier University School of Medicine, Oranjestad, ABW
| | - Vishal Saxena
- Pathology, Xavier University School of Medicine, Oranjestad, ABW
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41
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Khan C, Muliyil S, Rao BJ. Genome Damage Sensing Leads to Tissue Homeostasis in Drosophila. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 345:173-224. [PMID: 30904193 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
DNA repair is a critical cellular process required for the maintenance of genomic integrity. It is now well appreciated that cells employ several DNA repair pathways to take care of distinct types of DNA damage. It is also well known that a cascade of signals namely DNA damage response or DDR is activated in response to DNA damage which comprise cellular responses, such as cell cycle arrest, DNA repair and cell death, if the damage is irreparable. There is also emerging literature suggesting a cross-talk between DNA damage signaling and several signaling networks within a cell. Moreover, cell death players themselves are also well known to engage in processes outside their canonical function of apoptosis. This chapter attempts to build a link between DNA damage, DDR and signaling from the studies mainly conducted in mammals and Drosophila model systems, with a special emphasis on their relevance in overall tissue homeostasis and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaitali Khan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - Sonia Muliyil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
| | - B J Rao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India.
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42
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Principles of Exercise Prescription, and How They Influence Exercise-Induced Changes of Transcription Factors and Other Regulators of Mitochondrial Biogenesis. Sports Med 2019; 48:1541-1559. [PMID: 29675670 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-018-0894-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Physical inactivity represents the fourth leading risk factor for mortality, and it has been linked with a series of chronic disorders, the treatment of which absorbs ~ 85% of healthcare costs in developed countries. Conversely, physical activity promotes many health benefits; endurance exercise in particular represents a powerful stimulus to induce mitochondrial biogenesis, and it is routinely used to prevent and treat chronic metabolic disorders linked with sub-optimal mitochondrial characteristics. Given the importance of maintaining a healthy mitochondrial pool, it is vital to better characterize how manipulating the endurance exercise dose affects cellular mechanisms of exercise-induced mitochondrial biogenesis. Herein, we propose a definition of mitochondrial biogenesis and the techniques available to assess it, and we emphasize the importance of standardizing biopsy timing and the determination of relative exercise intensity when comparing different studies. We report an intensity-dependent regulation of exercise-induced increases in nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) protein content, nuclear phosphorylation of p53 (serine 15), and PGC-1α messenger RNA (mRNA), as well as training-induced increases in PGC-1α and p53 protein content. Despite evidence that PGC-1α protein content plateaus within a few exercise sessions, we demonstrate that greater training volumes induce further increases in PGC-1α (and p53) protein content, and that short-term reductions in training volume decrease the content of both proteins, suggesting training volume is still a factor affecting training-induced mitochondrial biogenesis. Finally, training-induced changes in mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) protein content are regulated in a training volume-dependent manner and have been linked with training-induced changes in mitochondrial content.
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43
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Saad-Hussein A, Beshir S, Taha MM, Shahy EM, Shaheen W, Abdel-Shafy EA, Thabet E. Early prediction of liver carcinogenicity due to occupational exposure to pesticides. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2018; 838:46-53. [PMID: 30678827 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Several studies linked between pesticides exposure and development of liver cancer, through several mechanisms inform of genotoxicity, cytotoxicity, tumor promotion, immunotoxicity and hormonal actions. This study aimed to estimate novel biomarkers for early prediction of liver malignancy due to occupational exposure to pesticides in two groups of workers with different socioeconomic standard (highly educated urban researchers and low educated rural pesticides sprayers). This study included 50 urban researchers and 50 rural pesticides sprayers occupationally exposed to pesticides. They were compared with 50 non-exposed urban researchers and 50 non-exposed rural subjects. Several tumor biomarkers were estimated; P53 protein, Alfa fetoprotein (AFP), and Alpha-L-fucosidase (AFU). Additionally, telomerase enzyme activity, Relative telomere length (RTL), and DNA damage using comet assay were measured. Furthermore, the glutathione-S-Transferase (GST) gene polymorphisms were identified for both exposed groups. Statistical analysis revealed elevated level of tumor biomarkers among exposed subjects relative to control groups in spite of being within the normal range. Increase in the DNA damage was detected, with shortening of telomere length and decrease in telomerase enzyme activity in pesticides-exposed subjects compared to their controls. Most of these changes were related to the levels of butyrylcholinesterase. Subjects with GSTT1 genotype were suggested to be more susceptible to hepatic carcinogenicity. Telomere relative length and comets assay together with GST genes polymorphisms could be used as early predictors for liver cancer susceptibility among pesticides exposed workers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Safia Beshir
- Departments of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Egypt
| | - Mona M Taha
- Departments of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Egypt
| | - Eman M Shahy
- Departments of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Egypt
| | - Weam Shaheen
- Departments of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Egypt.
| | | | - Eman Thabet
- Clinical Pathology, National Research Centre, Egypt
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44
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Moon SC, Choi HJ, Chung TW, Lee JH, Lee SO, Jung MH, Kim BJ, Choi JY, Ha KT. Sorbus commixta water extract induces apoptotic cell death via a ROS-dependent pathway. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:4193-4200. [PMID: 30197667 PMCID: PMC6126344 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.9217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The stembark of Sorbus commixta Hedl. has been used for treating asthma, bronchitis, gastritis and edema. However, the anticancer and proapoptotic effects of the water extract of the stembark of S. commixta (SCE) remain unknown. In the present study, it was shown that SCE inhibited the cell viability of the hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines Hep3B and HepG2, and of the colon carcinoma cell line HCT116. DNA content analysis indicated that SCE increased the sub-G1 population of HCT116 cells. In addition, degradation of nuclear DNA and levels of proapoptotic cascade components, including caspase-9, caspase-3 and poly ADP-ribose polymerase, were augmented by SCE treatment. Mitochondrial membrane potential and the ratio of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2)/Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) were also reduced. Furthermore, SCE increased the expression of proapoptotic proteins, including p21, p27 and p53. Mouse double minute 2 homology, a negative regulator of p53, was cleaved by SCE treatment. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was also increased by SCE treatment. However, the SCE-induced cytotoxic effects and the increased expression of proapoptotic proteins, including p53 and p21, and reduced Bcl-2/Bax ratio, could be attenuated by N-acetyl cysteine, an ROS inhibitor. Taken together, these results indicate that SCE is a potent proapoptotic herbal medicine, which exerts its effects via the ROS-mediated mitochondrial pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Cheol Moon
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, Republic of Korea.,Korean Medical Research Center for Healthy Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jung Choi
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, Republic of Korea.,Korean Medical Research Center for Healthy Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Wook Chung
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, Republic of Korea.,Korean Medical Research Center for Healthy Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hee Lee
- Korean Medical Research Center for Healthy Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Syng-Ook Lee
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Ho Jung
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Joo Kim
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Yong Choi
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, Republic of Korea.,Korean Medical Clinical Research Center, Pusan National University Hospital, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Tae Ha
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, Republic of Korea.,Korean Medical Research Center for Healthy Aging, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, Republic of Korea.,Korean Medical Clinical Research Center, Pusan National University Hospital, Yangsan, Gyeongnam 50612, Republic of Korea
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45
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Lee CM, Park SH, Nam MJ. Anticarcinogenic effect of indole-3-carbinol (I3C) on human hepatocellular carcinoma SNU449 cells. Hum Exp Toxicol 2018; 38:136-147. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327118785235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Many cruciferous vegetables, including cabbage, contain indole-3-carbinol (I3C), which is a known anticarcinogen. However, the anticarcinogenic effects of I3C on liver cancer have not been investigated. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the anticarcinogenic effects of I3C in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) SNU449 cells. The results of MTT and WST-1 assays indicated that treatment of SNU449 cells with I3C decreased viability in dose- and time-dependent manners, while colony formation assays indicated that I3C also inhibited proliferation of SNU449 cells. Moreover, fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis showed that I3C induced apoptosis in SNU449 cells in dose- and time-dependent manners. Furthermore, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling revealed that I3C induced DNA fragmentation in SNU449 cells in a time-dependent manner, while Western blotting showed that apoptotic proteins such as p53, cleaved PARP, caspase-3, and caspase-7 were activated in SNU449 cells following treatment with I3C. Finally, reactive oxygen species-related protein peroxiredoxin-1 and thioredoxin-1 expression decreased in I3C-treated SNU449 cells. The aim of our study is to investigate the unknown mechanisms responsible for the apoptotic effects of I3C on human HCC SNU449 cells, and the results suggest that I3C may be useful for the prevention and treatment of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- CM Lee
- Department of Biological Science, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - S-H Park
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Hongik University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - MJ Nam
- Department of Biological Science, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
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46
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Zhou S, Qiao B, Chu X, Kong Q. Oxymatrine attenuates cognitive deficits through SIRT1-mediated autophagy in ischemic stroke. J Neuroimmunol 2018; 323:136-142. [PMID: 30196826 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2018.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
To investigate if oxymatrine could ameliorate hippocampus ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury induced in rats and explore the possible mechanism. Rats were randomly divided into four groups: sham group, I/R group, I/R + OMT-treated group, I/R + Vehicle-treated group. Oxymatrine or vehicle solution was intraperitoneally injected OMT (150 mg/kg) 60 min before renal ischemia respectively. Water maze was measured; cell apoptosis was assessed by doing TUNEL assay and detecting the expression of P53, Bax, and Cleaved-Caspase-3; autophagy were assessed by measuring the expression of LC3 and P62. The expression of SIRT1 was also detected. Oxymatrine treatment alleviated histological injury in I/R rats, inhibiting apoptosis, promoting autophagy and accompanied by upregulated expression of SIRT1 proteins. Oxymatrine may attenuate hippocampus ischemia/reperfusion injury through upregulation SIRT1, further influencing the processes of apoptosis and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhu Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272000, PR China
| | - Baojun Qiao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272000, PR China
| | - Xu Chu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272000, PR China
| | - Qingxia Kong
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272000, PR China.
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47
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Cao D, Ng TK, Yip YWY, Young AL, Pang CP, Chu WK, Jhanji V. p53 inhibition by MDM2 in human pterygium. Exp Eye Res 2018; 175:142-147. [PMID: 29932882 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2018.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To confirm that mouse double minute 2 (MDM2) could inhibit p53 activity in human pterygium. And to show the disruption of MDM2-p53 interaction could reactive the functions of p53 in pterygium. METHOD Pterygium and corresponding conjunctiva tissues were collected for establishment of primary cell lines. Expression patterns of MDM2 and p53 were detected by immunofluorescence. Protein localization of p53 and MDM2, and transcriptional activity of p53 in both untreated and MDM2 antagonist (Nutlin) treated pterygium cells were quantified. RESULTS In pterygium, p53 was highly expressed in cytoplasm and slightly expressed in the nuclei. MDM2 was localized in the nuclei. A p53 transcriptional regulated target gene, p21, was not expressed in pterygium tissues, suggesting the p53 transcriptional activity was not active in pterygium. After treatment with Nutlin, increased nuclear localization of p53 (4.05%-80.56%) was observed in pterygium cells along with increasing Nutlin dosages (from 0 to 50 μM, p < 0.001). The expression of p21 was increased after Nutlin treatments in pterygium cells (2.49 folds in 20 μM Nutlin treated cells compared to control treated cells, p = 0.012). CONCLUSION We discovered a novel mechanism in pterygium whereby MDM2 suppresses p53 transcriptional activity despite abundant p53 in pterygium. Disruption of MDM2-p53 interaction by Nutlin could be a potential treatment for pterygium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Cao
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Tsz Kin Ng
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Yolanda W Y Yip
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Alvin L Young
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong; Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Chi Pui Pang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Wai Kit Chu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | - Vishal Jhanji
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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Azofeifa JG, Allen MA, Hendrix JR, Read T, Rubin JD, Dowell RD. Enhancer RNA profiling predicts transcription factor activity. Genome Res 2018; 28:334-344. [PMID: 29449408 PMCID: PMC5848612 DOI: 10.1101/gr.225755.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) exert their regulatory influence through the binding of enhancers, resulting in coordination of gene expression programs. Active enhancers are often characterized by the presence of short, unstable transcripts termed enhancer RNAs (eRNAs). While their function remains unclear, we demonstrate that eRNAs are a powerful readout of TF activity. We infer sites of eRNA origination across hundreds of publicly available nascent transcription data sets and show that eRNAs initiate from sites of TF binding. By quantifying the colocalization of TF binding motif instances and eRNA origins, we derive a simple statistic capable of inferring TF activity. In doing so, we uncover dozens of previously unexplored links between diverse stimuli and the TFs they affect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph G Azofeifa
- Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Mary A Allen
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Josephina R Hendrix
- Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology
| | - Timothy Read
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Jonathan D Rubin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Robin D Dowell
- Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology
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Nuñez-Hernandez DM, Felix-Portillo M, Peregrino-Uriarte AB, Yepiz-Plascencia G. Cell cycle regulation and apoptosis mediated by p53 in response to hypoxia in hepatopancreas of the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 190:253-259. [PMID: 28992477 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.09.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Although hypoxic aquatic environments cause negative effects on shrimp, these animals can withstand somewhat hypoxia, but the cellular mechanisms underlying this capacity are still poorly understood. In humans, mild hypoxia causes the induction of many proteins to allow cell survival. In contrast, apoptosis is induced during severe hypoxia leading to cell death. p53 is a key transcription factor that determines cells fate towards cell cycle arrest or induction of apoptosis in humans. The aim of this work was to study the role of p53 in cell cycle regulation and apoptosis in response to hypoxia in hepatopancreas of the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. p53 was silenced by RNAi and afterwards the shrimp were exposed to hypoxia. Cdk-2 was used as indicator of cell cycle progression while caspase-3 expression and caspase activity were analyzed as indicators of apoptosis. p53 levels in hepatopancreas were significantly higher at 48 h after hypoxic treatment. Increased expression levels of Cdk-2 were found in p53-silenced shrimp after 24 and 48 h in the normoxic treatments as well as 48 h after hypoxia, indicating a possible role of p53 in cell cycle regulation. In response to hypoxia, unsilenced shrimp showed an increase in caspase-3 expression levels, however an increase was also observed in caspase activity at 24 h of normoxic conditions in p53-silenced shrimps. Taken together these results indicate the involvement of p53 in regulation of cell cycle and apoptosis in the white shrimp in response to hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahlia M Nuñez-Hernandez
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. P.O. Box 1735. Carretera a Ejido La Victoria Km. 0.6 Hermosillo, Sonora, 83304, Mexico
| | - Monserrath Felix-Portillo
- Facultad de Zootecnia y Ecología, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Periférico Francisco R. Almada, Km 1, Chihuahua, Chihuahua, 33820, Mexico
| | - Alma B Peregrino-Uriarte
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. P.O. Box 1735. Carretera a Ejido La Victoria Km. 0.6 Hermosillo, Sonora, 83304, Mexico
| | - Gloria Yepiz-Plascencia
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. P.O. Box 1735. Carretera a Ejido La Victoria Km. 0.6 Hermosillo, Sonora, 83304, Mexico.
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The Tumor Suppressor p53 in Mucosal Melanoma of the Head and Neck. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8120384. [PMID: 29236030 PMCID: PMC5748702 DOI: 10.3390/genes8120384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite worldwide prevention programs, the incidence for cutaneous melanoma is continuously increasing. Mucosal melanoma (MM) represents a rare but highly aggressive phenotype of common melanoma with predilection in the sinonasal system. Far away from ultraviolet sun exposure, the molecular mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis and the highly aggressive clinical behavior are poorly understood. In many solid malignomas of the head and neck region, p53 tumor suppressor functions as oncogene due to p53 protein stabilizing mutation. Interestingly, the vast majority of MM demonstrates constitutively expressed p53 protein, with protein stabilizing mutations being rare. Abrogated activation of p53 target genes results in derogation of the apoptotic signal cascade and contributes to the strong resistance against chemotherapeutic agents activating p53 dependent apoptosis. The current review illustrates the role of p53 and its pathway in MM.
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