1
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Yue W, Huiling Z, Yuxin L, Ling W, Feng G, Qicai L. Neu5Gc regulates decidual macrophages leading to abnormal embryo implantation. Genes Immun 2024; 25:149-157. [PMID: 38499667 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-024-00268-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Repeated implantation failure (RIF) is one of the most prominent problems in the field of assisted reproduction. Neu5Gc on the surface of decidual macrophages (dMΦ) leads to different activation patterns of dMΦ, which affects embryo implantation and development. Cmah-/- (Neu5Gc-deficient) mice induced to produce anti-Neu5Gc antibodies in vivo were given a special diet rich in Neu5Gc and their fertility was monitored. The long-term diet rich in Neu5Gc induced the decrease of endometrial receptivity of female mice. The pregnancy rate of female mice fed the normal diet was 63.6% (n = 11) and the average number of embryos was 9.571 ± 1.272, while the pregnancy rate of female mice fed the diet rich in Neu5Gc was 36.4% (n = 11) and the average number of embryos in pregnant mice was 5.750 ± 3.304. The intake of Neu5Gc and the production of anti-Neu5Gc antibody led to M1 polarization of endometrial dMΦ and abnormal embryo implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Yue
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China
| | - Zhou Huiling
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China
| | - Liu Yuxin
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China
| | - Wang Ling
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China
| | - Gao Feng
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China.
| | - Liu Qicai
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Fujian Medical University, China, Fuzhou.
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2
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Lozano-Rodríguez R, Avendaño-Ortíz J, Montalbán-Hernández K, Ruiz-Rodríguez JC, Ferrer R, Martín-Quirós A, Maroun-Eid C, González-López JJ, Fàbrega A, Terrón-Arcos V, Gutiérrez-Fernández M, Alonso-López E, Cubillos-Zapata C, Fernández-Velasco M, Pérez de Diego R, Pelegrin P, García-Palenciano C, Cueto FJ, Del Fresno C, López-Collazo E. The prognostic impact of SIGLEC5-induced impairment of CD8 + T cell activation in sepsis. EBioMedicine 2023; 97:104841. [PMID: 37890368 PMCID: PMC10630607 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis is associated with T-cell exhaustion, which significantly reduces patient outcomes. Therefore, targeting of immune checkpoints (ICs) is deemed necessary for effective sepsis management. Here, we evaluated the role of SIGLEC5 as an IC ligand and explored its potential as a biomarker for sepsis. METHODS In vitro and in vivo assays were conducted to both analyse SIGLEC5's role as an IC ligand, as well as assess its impact on survival in sepsis. A multicentre prospective cohort study was conducted to evaluate the plasmatic soluble SIGLEC5 (sSIGLEC5) as a mortality predictor in the first 60 days after admission in sepsis patients. Recruitment included sepsis patients (n = 346), controls with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (n = 80), aneurism (n = 11), stroke (n = 16), and healthy volunteers (HVs, n = 100). FINDINGS SIGLEC5 expression on monocytes was increased by HIF1α and was higher in septic patients than in healthy volunteers after ex vivo LPS challenge. Furthermore, SIGLEC5-PSGL1 interaction inhibited CD8+ T-cell proliferation. Administration of sSIGLEC5r (0.8 mg/kg) had adverse effects in mouse endotoxemia models. Additionally, plasma sSIGLEC5 levels of septic patients were higher than HVs and ROC analysis revealed it as a mortality marker with an AUC of 0.713 (95% CI, 0.656-0.769; p < 0.0001). Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed a significant decrease in survival above the calculated cut-off (HR of 3.418, 95% CI, 2.380-4.907, p < 0.0001 by log-rank test) estimated by Youden Index (523.6 ng/mL). INTERPRETATION SIGLEC5 displays the hallmarks of an IC ligand, and plasma levels of sSIGLEC5 have been linked with increased mortality in septic patients. FUNDING Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) and "Fondos FEDER" to ELC (PIE15/00065, PI18/00148, PI14/01234, PI21/00869), CDF (PI21/01178), RLR (FI19/00334) and JAO (CD21/00059).
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Lozano-Rodríguez
- The Innate Immune Response Group, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo de la Castellana 261, Madrid 28046, Spain; Tumour Immunology Laboratory, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo de la Castellana 261, Madrid 28046, Spain
| | - José Avendaño-Ortíz
- The Innate Immune Response Group, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo de la Castellana 261, Madrid 28046, Spain; Tumour Immunology Laboratory, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo de la Castellana 261, Madrid 28046, Spain; CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Avenida de Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Karla Montalbán-Hernández
- The Innate Immune Response Group, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo de la Castellana 261, Madrid 28046, Spain; Tumour Immunology Laboratory, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo de la Castellana 261, Madrid 28046, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Ruiz-Rodríguez
- Intensive Care Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Organ Dysfunction and Resuscitation Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research and Medicine Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron, 119, Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Ricardo Ferrer
- Intensive Care Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Organ Dysfunction and Resuscitation Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research and Medicine Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron, 119, Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Alejandro Martín-Quirós
- Emergency Department, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo de la Castellana 261, Madrid 28046, Spain
| | - Charbel Maroun-Eid
- The Innate Immune Response Group, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo de la Castellana 261, Madrid 28046, Spain; Emergency Department, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo de la Castellana 261, Madrid 28046, Spain
| | - Juan José González-López
- Microbiology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron, 119, Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Anna Fàbrega
- Microbiology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Manresa, Spain
| | - Verónica Terrón-Arcos
- The Innate Immune Response Group, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo de la Castellana 261, Madrid 28046, Spain; Tumour Immunology Laboratory, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo de la Castellana 261, Madrid 28046, Spain
| | - María Gutiérrez-Fernández
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Centre, Neuroscience and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo de la Castellana 261, Madrid 28046, Spain
| | - Elisa Alonso-López
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Centre, Neuroscience and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo de la Castellana 261, Madrid 28046, Spain
| | | | - María Fernández-Velasco
- The Innate Immune Response Group, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo de la Castellana 261, Madrid 28046, Spain
| | - Rebeca Pérez de Diego
- The Innate Immune Response Group, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo de la Castellana 261, Madrid 28046, Spain
| | - Pablo Pelegrin
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), CIBERehd, Clinical University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Ctra. Madrid-Cartagena, s/n, El Palmar, Murcia 30120, Spain
| | - Carlos García-Palenciano
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), CIBERehd, Clinical University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Ctra. Madrid-Cartagena, s/n, El Palmar, Murcia 30120, Spain
| | - Francisco J Cueto
- The Innate Immune Response Group, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo de la Castellana 261, Madrid 28046, Spain; Tumour Immunology Laboratory, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo de la Castellana 261, Madrid 28046, Spain
| | - Carlos Del Fresno
- The Innate Immune Response Group, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo de la Castellana 261, Madrid 28046, Spain; Tumour Immunology Laboratory, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo de la Castellana 261, Madrid 28046, Spain
| | - Eduardo López-Collazo
- The Innate Immune Response Group, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo de la Castellana 261, Madrid 28046, Spain; Tumour Immunology Laboratory, IdiPAZ, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo de la Castellana 261, Madrid 28046, Spain; CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Avenida de Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, Madrid 28029, Spain.
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3
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Stanczak MA, Läubli H. Siglec receptors as new immune checkpoints in cancer. Mol Aspects Med 2023; 90:101112. [PMID: 35948467 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2022.101112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy in the form of immune checkpoint inhibitors and cellular therapies has improved the treatment and prognosis of many patients. Nevertheless, most cancers are still resistant to currently approved cancer immunotherapies. New approaches and rational combinations are needed to overcome these resistances. There is emerging evidence that Siglec receptors could be regarded as new immune checkpoints and targets for cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we summarize the experimental evidence supporting Siglec receptors as new immune checkpoints in cancer and discuss their mechanisms of action, as well as current efforts to target Siglec receptors and their interactions with sialoglycan Siglec-ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal A Stanczak
- The Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Heinz Läubli
- Laboratory for Cancer Immunotherapy, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Division of Oncology, University Hospital Basel, Switzerland.
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4
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Angata T, Varki A. Discovery, classification, evolution and diversity of Siglecs. Mol Aspects Med 2023; 90:101117. [PMID: 35989204 PMCID: PMC9905256 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2022.101117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily proteins play diverse roles in vertebrates, including regulation of cellular responses by sensing endogenous or exogenous ligands. Siglecs are a family of glycan-recognizing proteins belonging to the Ig superfamily (i.e., I-type lectins). Siglecs are expressed on various leukocyte types and are involved in diverse aspects of immunity, including the regulation of inflammatory responses, leukocyte proliferation, host-microbe interaction, and cancer immunity. Sialoadhesin/Siglec-1, CD22/Siglec-2, and myelin-associated glycoprotein/Siglec-4 were among the first to be characterized as members of the Siglec family, and along with Siglec-15, they are relatively well-conserved among tetrapods. Conversely, CD33/Siglec-3-related Siglecs (CD33rSiglecs, so named as they show high sequence similarity with CD33/Siglec-3) are encoded in a gene cluster with many interspecies variations and even intraspecies variations within some lineages such as humans. The rapid evolution of CD33rSiglecs expressed on leukocytes involved in innate immunity likely reflects the selective pressure by pathogens that interact and possibly exploit these Siglecs. Human Siglecs have several additional unique and/or polymorphic properties as compared with closely related great apes, changes possibly related to the loss of the sialic acid Neu5Gc, another distinctly human event in sialobiology. Multiple changes in human CD33rSiglecs compared to great apes include many examples of human-specific expression in non-immune cells, coinciding with human-specific diseases involving such cell types. Some Siglec gene polymorphisms have dual consequences-beneficial in a situation but detrimental in another. The association of human Siglec gene polymorphisms with several infectious and non-infectious diseases likely reflects the ongoing competition between the host and microbial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Angata
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ajit Varki
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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5
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Petitpas K, Habibabady Z, Ritchie V, Connolly MR, Burdorf L, Qin W, Kan Y, Layer JV, Crabtree JN, Youd ME, Westlin WF, Magnani DM, Pierson RN, Azimzadeh AM. Genetic modifications designed for xenotransplantation attenuate sialoadhesin-dependent binding of human erythrocytes to porcine macrophages. Xenotransplantation 2022; 29:e12780. [PMID: 36125388 PMCID: PMC10152518 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The phenomenon of diminishing hematocrit after in vivo liver and lung xenotransplantation and during ex vivo liver xenoperfusion has largely been attributed to action by resident liver porcine macrophages, which bind and destroy human erythrocytes. Porcine sialoadhesin (siglec-1) was implicated previously in this interaction. This study examines the effect of porcine genetic modifications, including knockout of the CMAH gene responsible for expression of Neu5Gc sialic acid, on the adhesion of human red blood cells (RBCs) to porcine macrophages. Wild-type (WT) porcine macrophages and macrophages from several strains of genetically engineered pigs, including CMAH gene knockout and several human transgenes (TKO+hTg), were incubated with human RBCs and "rosettes" (≥3 erythrocytes bound to one macrophage) were quantified by microscopy. Our results show that TKO+hTg genetic modifications significantly reduced rosette formation. The monoclonal antibody 1F1, which blocks porcine sialoadhesin, significantly reduced rosette formation by WT and TKO+hTg macrophages compared with an isotype control antibody. Further, desialation of human RBCs with neuraminidase before addition to WT or TKO+hTg macrophages resulted in near-complete abrogation of rosette formation, to a level not significantly different from porcine RBC rosette formation on porcine macrophages. These observations are consistent with rosette formation being mediated by binding of sialic acid on human RBCs to sialoadhesin on porcine macrophages. In conclusion, the data predict that TKO+hTg genetic modifications, coupled with targeting of porcine sialoadhesin by the 1F1 mAb, will attenuate erythrocyte sequestration and anemia during ex vivo xenoperfusion and following in vivo liver, lung, and potentially other organ xenotransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn Petitpas
- MGH, Center for Transplantation Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zahra Habibabady
- MGH, Center for Transplantation Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Veronica Ritchie
- MGH, Center for Transplantation Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Lars Burdorf
- MGH, Center for Transplantation Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wenning Qin
- eGenesis Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yinan Kan
- eGenesis Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Richard N Pierson
- MGH, Center for Transplantation Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Agnes M Azimzadeh
- MGH, Center for Transplantation Sciences, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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6
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Srivastava S, Verhagen A, Sasmal A, Wasik BR, Diaz S, Yu H, Bensing BA, Khan N, Khedri Z, Secrest P, Sullam P, Varki N, Chen X, Parrish CR, Varki A. Development and applications of sialoglycan-recognizing probes (SGRPs) with defined specificities: exploring the dynamic mammalian sialoglycome. Glycobiology 2022; 32:1116-1136. [PMID: 35926090 PMCID: PMC9680117 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwac050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycans that are abundantly displayed on vertebrate cell surface and secreted molecules are often capped with terminal sialic acids (Sias). These diverse 9-carbon-backbone monosaccharides are involved in numerous intrinsic biological processes. They also interact with commensals and pathogens, while undergoing dynamic changes in time and space, often influenced by environmental conditions. However, most of this sialoglycan complexity and variation remains poorly characterized by conventional techniques, which often tend to destroy or overlook crucial aspects of Sia diversity and/or fail to elucidate native structures in biological systems, i.e. in the intact sialome. To date, in situ detection and analysis of sialoglycans has largely relied on the use of plant lectins, sialidases, or antibodies, whose preferences (with certain exceptions) are limited and/or uncertain. We took advantage of naturally evolved microbial molecules (bacterial adhesins, toxin subunits, and viral hemagglutinin-esterases) that recognize sialoglycans with defined specificity to delineate 9 classes of sialoglycan recognizing probes (SGRPs: SGRP1-SGRP9) that can be used to explore mammalian sialome changes in a simple and systematic manner, using techniques common in most laboratories. SGRP candidates with specificity defined by sialoglycan microarray studies were engineered as tagged probes, each with a corresponding nonbinding mutant probe as a simple and reliable negative control. The optimized panel of SGRPs can be used in methods commonly available in most bioscience labs, such as ELISA, western blot, flow cytometry, and histochemistry. To demonstrate the utility of this approach, we provide examples of sialoglycome differences in tissues from C57BL/6 wild-type mice and human-like Cmah-/- mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Srivastava
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA,Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Andrea Verhagen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA,Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Aniruddha Sasmal
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA,Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Brian R Wasik
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Sandra Diaz
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA,Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Hai Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Barbara A Bensing
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA,VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Naazneen Khan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA,Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Zahra Khedri
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA,Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Patrick Secrest
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA,Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Paul Sullam
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA,VA Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nissi Varki
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA,Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Colin R Parrish
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Ajit Varki
- Corresponding author: UCSD School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093-0687, USA.
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7
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Erickson JJ, Archer-Hartmann S, Yarawsky AE, Miller JLC, Seveau S, Shao TY, Severance AL, Miller-Handley H, Wu Y, Pham G, Wasik BR, Parrish CR, Hu YC, Lau JTY, Azadi P, Herr AB, Way SS. Pregnancy enables antibody protection against intracellular infection. Nature 2022; 606:769-775. [PMID: 35676476 PMCID: PMC9233044 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04816-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Adaptive immune components are thought to exert non-overlapping roles in antimicrobial host defence, with antibodies targeting pathogens in the extracellular environment and T cells eliminating infection inside cells1,2. Reliance on antibodies for vertically transferred immunity from mothers to babies may explain neonatal susceptibility to intracellular infections3,4. Here we show that pregnancy-induced post-translational antibody modification enables protection against the prototypical intracellular pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. Infection susceptibility was reversed in neonatal mice born to preconceptually primed mothers possessing L. monocytogenes-specific IgG or after passive transfer of antibodies from primed pregnant, but not virgin, mice. Although maternal B cells were essential for producing IgGs that mediate vertically transferred protection, they were dispensable for antibody acquisition of protective function, which instead required sialic acid acetyl esterase5 to deacetylate terminal sialic acid residues on IgG variable-region N-linked glycans. Deacetylated L. monocytogenes-specific IgG protected neonates through the sialic acid receptor CD226,7, which suppressed IL-10 production by B cells leading to antibody-mediated protection. Consideration of the maternal-fetal dyad as a joined immunological unit reveals protective roles for antibodies against intracellular infection and fine-tuned adaptations to enhance host defence during pregnancy and early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Erickson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Alexander E Yarawsky
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jeanette L C Miller
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Stephanie Seveau
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Tzu-Yu Shao
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ashley L Severance
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Hilary Miller-Handley
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Yuehong Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Giang Pham
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Brian R Wasik
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Colin R Parrish
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Yueh-Chiang Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Joseph T Y Lau
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Parastoo Azadi
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Andrew B Herr
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Sing Sing Way
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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8
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The Fate of Sialic Acid and PEG Modified Epirubicin Liposomes in Aged versus Young Cells and Tumor Mice Models. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14030545. [PMID: 35335921 PMCID: PMC8955061 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14030545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In preclinical studies of young mice, nanoparticles showed excellent anti-tumor therapeutic effects by harnessing Peripheral Blood Monocytes (PBMs) and evading the immune system. However, the changes of age will inevitably affect PBMs and the immune system, and there is a serious lack of relevant research. Sialic acid (SA)-octadecylamine (ODA) was synthesized, and SA- or polyethylene glycol (PEG)-modified epirubicin (EPI) liposomes (EPI-SL and EPI-PL, respectively) were prepared to explore differences in antitumor treatment using 8-month-old and 8-week-old Kunming mice. Based on presented data, 8-month-old mice had more PBMs in peripheral blood than 8-week-old mice, and age differences resulted in different anti-tumor treatment effects following EPI-SL and EPI-PL treatment. Following EPI-PL administration, the tumor volume was significantly smaller in 8-week-old mice than in 8-month-old mice (* p < 0.05). Eight-month-old mice treated with EPI-SL (8M-SL) presented no damage to healthy tissue, with a 100% survival rate, and 50% mice in 8M-SL showed ‘shedding’ of tumor tissues from the growth site. Accordingly, 8-month-old mice treated with EPI-SL achieved the best therapeutic effect at different ages and with different liposomes. EPI-SL could improve the antitumor effect of 8-week-old and 8-month-old mice.
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9
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van Houtum EJH, Büll C, Cornelissen LAM, Adema GJ. Siglec Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2021; 12:790317. [PMID: 34966391 PMCID: PMC8710542 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.790317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (Siglecs) are a family of receptors that recognize sialoglycans - sialic acid containing glycans that are abundantly present on cell membranes. Siglecs are expressed on most immune cells and can modulate their activity and function. The majority of Siglecs contains immune inhibitory motifs comparable to the immune checkpoint receptor PD-1. In the tumor microenvironment (TME), signaling through the Siglec-sialoglycan axis appears to be enhanced through multiple mechanisms favoring tumor immune evasion similar to the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway. Siglec expression on tumor-infiltrating immune cells appears increased in the immune suppressive microenvironment. At the same time, enhanced Siglec ligand expression has been reported for several tumor types as a result of aberrant glycosylation, glycan modifications, and the increased expression of sialoglycans on proteins and lipids. Siglec signaling has been identified as important regulator of anti-tumor immunity in the TME, but the key factors contributing to Siglec activation by tumor-associated sialoglycans are diverse and poorly defined. Among others, Siglec activation and signaling are co-determined by their expression levels, cell surface distribution, and their binding preferences for cis- and trans-ligands in the TME. Siglec binding preference are co-determined by the nature of the proteins/lipids to which the sialoglycans are attached and the multivalency of the interaction. Here, we review the current understanding and emerging conditions and factors involved in Siglec signaling in the TME and identify current knowledge gaps that exist in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline J. H. van Houtum
- Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Christian Büll
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Utrecht, Netherlands
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lenneke A. M. Cornelissen
- Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Gosse J. Adema
- Radiotherapy & OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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10
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Toustou C, Walet-Balieu ML, Kiefer-Meyer MC, Houdou M, Lerouge P, Foulquier F, Bardor M. Towards understanding the extensive diversity of protein N-glycan structures in eukaryotes. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 97:732-748. [PMID: 34873817 PMCID: PMC9300197 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
N‐glycosylation is an important post‐translational modification of proteins that has been highly conserved during evolution and is found in Eukaryota, Bacteria and Archaea. In eukaryotes, N‐glycan processing is sequential, involving multiple specific steps within the secretory pathway as proteins travel through the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus. In this review, we first summarize the different steps of the N‐glycan processing and further describe recent findings regarding the diversity of N‐glycan structures in eukaryotic clades. This comparison allows us to explore the different regulation mechanisms of N‐glycan processing among eukaryotic clades. Recent findings regarding the regulation of protein N‐glycosylation are highlighted, especially the regulation of the biosynthesis of complex‐type N‐glycans through manganese and calcium homeostasis and the specific role of transmembrane protein 165 (TMEM165) for which homologous sequences have been identified in several eukaryotic clades. Further research will be required to characterize the function of TMEM165 homologous sequences in different eukaryotic clades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Toustou
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire végétale (Glyco-MEV) EA4358, Mont-Saint-Aignan, 76821, France
| | - Marie-Laure Walet-Balieu
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire végétale (Glyco-MEV) EA4358, Mont-Saint-Aignan, 76821, France
| | - Marie-Christine Kiefer-Meyer
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire végétale (Glyco-MEV) EA4358, Mont-Saint-Aignan, 76821, France
| | - Marine Houdou
- Univ Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, F-59000, France.,Laboratory of Cellular Transport Systems, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, Box 802, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Patrice Lerouge
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire végétale (Glyco-MEV) EA4358, Mont-Saint-Aignan, 76821, France
| | - François Foulquier
- Univ Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, F-59000, France
| | - Muriel Bardor
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire végétale (Glyco-MEV) EA4358, Mont-Saint-Aignan, 76821, France.,Univ Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576 - UGSF - Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, F-59000, France
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11
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Khan N, de Manuel M, Peyregne S, Do R, Prufer K, Marques-Bonet T, Varki N, Gagneux P, Varki A. Multiple Genomic Events Altering Hominin SIGLEC Biology and Innate Immunity Predated the Common Ancestor of Humans and Archaic Hominins. Genome Biol Evol 2021; 12:1040-1050. [PMID: 32556248 PMCID: PMC7379906 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evaa125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human-specific pseudogenization of the CMAH gene eliminated the mammalian sialic acid (Sia) Neu5Gc (generating an excess of its precursor Neu5Ac), thus changing ubiquitous cell surface “self-associated molecular patterns” that modulate innate immunity via engagement of CD33-related-Siglec receptors. The Alu-fusion-mediated loss-of-function of CMAH fixed ∼2–3 Ma, possibly contributing to the origins of the genus Homo. The mutation likely altered human self-associated molecular patterns, triggering multiple events, including emergence of human-adapted pathogens with strong preference for Neu5Ac recognition and/or presenting Neu5Ac-containing molecular mimics of human glycans, which can suppress immune responses via CD33-related-Siglec engagement. Human-specific alterations reported in some gene-encoding Sia-sensing proteins suggested a “hotspot” in hominin evolution. The availability of more hominid genomes including those of two extinct hominins now allows full reanalysis and evolutionary timing. Functional changes occur in 8/13 members of the human genomic cluster encoding CD33-related Siglecs, all predating the human common ancestor. Comparisons with great ape genomes indicate that these changes are unique to hominins. We found no evidence for strong selection after the Human–Neanderthal/Denisovan common ancestor, and these extinct hominin genomes include almost all major changes found in humans, indicating that these changes in hominin sialobiology predate the Neanderthal–human divergence ∼0.6 Ma. Multiple changes in this genomic cluster may also explain human-specific expression of CD33rSiglecs in unexpected locations such as amnion, placental trophoblast, pancreatic islets, ovarian fibroblasts, microglia, Natural Killer(NK) cells, and epithelia. Taken together, our data suggest that innate immune interactions with pathogens markedly altered hominin Siglec biology between 0.6 and 2 Ma, potentially affecting human evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naazneen Khan
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego.,Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny (CARTA),University of California San Diego
| | - Marc de Manuel
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (UPF-CSIC), PRBB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stephane Peyregne
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Raymond Do
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego.,Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny (CARTA),University of California San Diego
| | - Kay Prufer
- Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tomas Marques-Bonet
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (UPF-CSIC), PRBB, Barcelona, Spain.,Catalan Institution of Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.,CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain.,Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici ICTA-ICP, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nissi Varki
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego.,Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny (CARTA),University of California San Diego
| | - Pascal Gagneux
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego.,Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny (CARTA),University of California San Diego
| | - Ajit Varki
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego.,Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny (CARTA),University of California San Diego
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12
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Wu Y, Chen X, Dong W, Xu Z, Jian Y, Xu C, Zhang L, Wei A, Yu X, Wang S, Wang Y, Liu G, Sun X, Wang S. ST3Gal IV Mediates the Growth and Proliferation of Cervical Cancer Cells In Vitro and In Vivo Via the Notch/p21/CDKs Pathway. Front Oncol 2021; 10:540332. [PMID: 33598419 PMCID: PMC7882721 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.540332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
ST3Gal IV is one of the principal sialyltransferases responsible for the biosynthesis of α2, 3-sialic acid to the termini N-glycans or O-glycans of glycoproteins and glycolipids. It has been reported that ST3Gal IV expression is associated with gastric carcinoma, pancreatic adenocarcinoma and breast cancer. While the expression and functions of ST3Gal IV in cervical cancer are still poorly understood. In this study, we found that ST3Gal IV was downregulated in human cervical cancer tissues compared to normal cervix tissues, and ST3Gal IV expression was negatively associated with the pathological grade of cervical cancer. ST3Gal IV upregulation inhibited the growth and proliferation of cervical cancer HeLa and SiHa cells in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, ST3Gal IV overexpression enhanced the expression of several Notch pathway components such as Jagged1, Notch1, Hes1 and Hey1, while cell cycle protein expression like Cyclin D1, Cyclin E1, CDK2 and CDK4 were decreased. These results indicate that expression of ST3Gal IV is reduced in cervical cancer and plays a negative role in cell proliferation via Notch/p21/CDKs signaling pathway. Thus, sialyltransferase ST3Gal IV might be a target for the diagnosis and therapy of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinshuang Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Glycobiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xixi Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Science and Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
| | - Weijie Dong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Glycobiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhongyang Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Glycobiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yuli Jian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Glycobiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Chunyan Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Glycobiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Glycobiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Anwen Wei
- Department of Gynaecology, Jiaxing University Affiliated Women and Children Hospital, Jiaxing, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Department of Pathology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shidan Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Glycobiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Glycobiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Glycobiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaoxin Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Glycobiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shujing Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Glycobiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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13
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Cajic S, Hennig R, Burock R, Rapp E. Capillary (Gel) Electrophoresis-Based Methods for Immunoglobulin (G) Glycosylation Analysis. EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM (2012) 2021; 112:137-172. [PMID: 34687009 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-76912-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The in-depth characterization of protein glycosylation has become indispensable in many research fields and in the biopharmaceutical industry. Especially knowledge about modulations in immunoglobulin G (IgG) N-glycosylation and their effect on immunity enabled a better understanding of human diseases and the development of new, more effective drugs for their treatment. This chapter provides a deeper insight into capillary (gel) electrophoresis-based (C(G)E) glycan analysis, addressing its impressive performance and possibilities, its great potential regarding real high-throughput for large cohort studies, as well as its challenges and limitations. We focus on the latest developments with respect to miniaturization and mass spectrometry coupling, as well as data analysis and interpretation. The use of exoglycosidase sequencing in combination with current C(G)E technology is discussed, highlighting possible difficulties and pitfalls. The application section describes the detailed characterization of N-glycosylation, utilizing multiplexed CGE with laser-induced fluorescence detection (xCGE-LIF). Besides a comprehensive overview on antibody glycosylation by comparing species-specific IgGs and human immunoglobulins A, D, E, G, and M, the chapter comprises a comparison of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies from different production cell lines, as well as a detailed characterization of Fab and Fc glycosylation. These examples illustrate the full potential of C(G)E, resolving the smallest differences in sugar composition and structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samanta Cajic
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - René Hennig
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany.
- glyXera GmbH, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | | | - Erdmann Rapp
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany
- glyXera GmbH, Magdeburg, Germany
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14
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Pralow A, Cajic S, Alagesan K, Kolarich D, Rapp E. State-of-the-Art Glycomics Technologies in Glycobiotechnology. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 175:379-411. [PMID: 33112988 DOI: 10.1007/10_2020_143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Glycosylation affects the properties of biologics; thus regulatory bodies classified it as critical quality attribute and force biopharma industry to capture and control it throughout all phases, from R&D till end of product lifetime. The shift from originators to biosimilars further increases importance and extent of glycoanalysis, which thus increases the need for technology platforms enabling reliable high-throughput and in-depth glycan analysis. In this chapter, we will first summarize on established glycoanalytical methods based on liquid chromatography focusing on hydrophilic interaction chromatography, capillary electrophoresis focusing on multiplexed capillary gel electrophoresis, and mass spectrometry focusing on matrix-assisted laser desorption; we will then highlight two emerging technologies based on porous graphitized carbon liquid chromatography and on ion-mobility mass spectrometry as both are highly promising tools to deliver an additional level of information for in-depth glycan analysis; additionally we elaborate on the advantages and challenges of different glycoanalytical technologies and their complementarity; finally, we briefly review applications thereof to biopharmaceutical products. This chapter provides an overview of current state-of-the-art analytical approaches for glycan characterization of biopharmaceuticals that can be employed to capture glycoprotein heterogeneity in a biopharmaceutical context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Pralow
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Samanta Cajic
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Kathirvel Alagesan
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Daniel Kolarich
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Nanoscale Biophotonics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Erdmann Rapp
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Magdeburg, Germany.
- glyXera GmbH, Magdeburg, Germany.
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15
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The membrane receptors that appeared before their ligand: The different proposed scenarios. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231813. [PMID: 32442167 PMCID: PMC7244123 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The interactions between membrane receptors and their endogenous ligands are key interactions in organisms. Recently, we have shown that a high number of genes encoding human receptors appeared at the same moment as their ligand in the animal tree of life. However, a set of receptors appeared before their present ligand. Different scenarios have been proposed to explain how a receptor can be conserved if its ligand is not yet appeared. However, these scenarios have been proposed individually and have never been studied in a global way. In this study, we investigated 30 mammalian pairs of ligand/receptor for which the first ligand appeared after its receptor in the tree of life, by using common indexes of selection, and proposed different scenarios explaining the earlier appearance of a receptor relative to its ligand. Based on 3D structural studies, our indexes allowed us to classify the evolution of these partners into different scenarios: 1) a scenario where the binding interface of the receptor is already present and under purifying selection before the appearance of the ligand; 2) a scenario where the binding interface seems to have appeared progressively, and 3) a scenario where the binding site seems to have been reshuffled since its appearance. As some scenarios were confirmed by the literature, we concluded that simple indexes can give a good highlight of the evolutive history of two partners that did not appear at the same time. Based on these scenarios, we also hypothesize that the replacement of a ligand by another is a frequent phenomenon during evolution.
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16
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Su L, Chen T, Xue T, Sheng A, Cheng L, Zhang J. Fabrication of pH-Adjusted Boronic Acid-Aptamer Conjugate for Electrochemical Analysis of Conjugated N-Glycolylneuraminic Acid. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:7650-7657. [PMID: 31951374 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b23029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the boronic acid-aptamer conjugate (BAAC) is elaborately designed and explored as a recognition unit. The admirable properties of the pH-dependent boronic acid ester are integrated with the specific capturing capability of the modified aptamer; thus, BAAC can efficiently and selectively bind with the target by adjusting the pH values. An electrochemical biosensor based on pH-adjusted BAAC has been further developed for the analysis of CNeu5Gc, an important biomarker of different kinds of cancer. The boronic acid moiety in BAAC can react with CNeu5Gc to form a BAAC-CNeu5Gc complex under acidic conditions, followed by the release of CNeu5Gc from the complex and subsequent capture by the aptamer moiety with the adjustment of the pH value to alkalinity. With simplicity, high specificity, and efficiency, the biosensor exhibits a wide linear range from 2.816 to 3603.960 ng/mL with a low detection limit of 1.224 ng/mL and can be applied to analyze CNeu5Gc in animal food samples. Besides, this work can also provide a kind of modified aptamer, i.e., the chemical capturing group-modified aptamer, to give a new viewpoint for the exploration of other functionalized aptamers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Su
- Laboratory of Biosensing Technology, School of Life Sciences , Shanghai University , Shanghai 200444 , P. R. China
| | - Tingjun Chen
- Laboratory of Biosensing Technology, School of Life Sciences , Shanghai University , Shanghai 200444 , P. R. China
| | - Tianxiang Xue
- Laboratory of Biosensing Technology, School of Life Sciences , Shanghai University , Shanghai 200444 , P. R. China
| | - Anzhi Sheng
- Laboratory of Biosensing Technology, School of Life Sciences , Shanghai University , Shanghai 200444 , P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops , Shanghai University , Shanghai 200444 , P. R. China
| | - Liangfen Cheng
- Laboratory of Biosensing Technology, School of Life Sciences , Shanghai University , Shanghai 200444 , P. R. China
| | - Juan Zhang
- Laboratory of Biosensing Technology, School of Life Sciences , Shanghai University , Shanghai 200444 , P. R. China
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17
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Bovine serum albumin affects N-glycoforms of murine IgG monoclonal antibody purified from hybridoma supernatants. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:1583-1594. [PMID: 31915902 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10309-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is a class of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) commonly produced in mammalian cell lines. These cell lines are grown in finely adjusted culture media, which contain components that may impact glycoforms. As variation of N-glycoforms can impact the biological properties of IgGs, medium composition should be controlled. Here, we studied the effects on IgG N-glycoforms of different components in hybridoma culture media, specifically compared bovine serum albumin (BSA) with other small molecules, using a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization quadrupole ion trap time-of-flight multistage mass spectrometry (MALDI-QIT-TOF MSn)-based approach. We show that small molecular additives caused little change in glycan species, though a number of these reagents, especially glutamine, affected levels of glycosylation. In comparison, the addition of macromolecular protein BSA significantly changed IgG N-glycan patterns, not only in species but also in glycosylation levels. Together, our finding suggests that BSA increases the complexity of IgG N-glycoforms, thus raising the difficulty in maintaining glycoforms consistency during antibody production. Therefore, the effect of BSA on IgG N-glycans should be considered when designing optimal medium formulations for IgG production. KEY POINTS: • Small molecular medium additives only affect glycosylation levels of IgG N-glycans. • BSA significantly changes IgG N-glycoforms as a medium additive. • BSA's skewing of IgG N-glycoforms should be considered in IgG production.
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18
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Enterina JR, Jung J, Macauley MS. Coordinated roles for glycans in regulating the inhibitory function of CD22 on B cells. Biomed J 2019; 42:218-232. [PMID: 31627864 PMCID: PMC6818156 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2019.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
CD22 is an inhibitory B cell co-receptor that recognizes sialic acid-containing glycoconjugates as ligands. Interactions with its glycan ligands are key to regulating the ability of CD22 to modulate B cell function, the most widely explored of which is antagonizing B cell receptor (BCR) signaling. Most importantly, interactions of CD22 with ligands on the same cell (cis) control the organization of CD22 on the cell surface, which minimizes co-localization with the BCR. In contrast with the modest ability of CD22 to intrinsically dampen BCR signaling, glycan ligands presented on another cell (trans) along with an antigen drawn CD22 and the BCR together within an immunological synapse, strongly inhibiting BCR signaling. New concepts are emerging for how CD22 controls B cell function, such as changes in glycosylation at different stages of B cell differentiation, specifically on GC B cells. Related to these changes, new players, such galectin-9, have been discovered that regulate cell surface nanoclusters of CD22. Roles of glycan ligands in controlling CD22 are the primary focus of this review as we highlight the ability of CD22 to modulate B cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhon R Enterina
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Jaesoo Jung
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Matthew S Macauley
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada; Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
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19
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Abstract
The precise mechanisms underlying anti-inflammatory effects of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) therapies remain elusive. The sialylated IgG fraction within IVIg has been shown to be therapeutically more active in mouse models. Functionally, it has been suggested that IgG undergoes conformational changes upon Fc-sialylation which sterically impede binding to conventional FcγRs, but simultaneously allow binding to human DC-SIGN (SIGN-R1 in mice) and also CD23. These latter C-type lectins have been proposed responsible for the immunomodulatory effects in mouse models. However, there is conflicting evidence supporting direct interactions between sialylated human IgG and CD23/DC-SIGN. While cells expressing human CD23 and DC-SIGN in their native configuration bound their natural ligands IgE and ICAM-3, respectively, no IgG binding was observed, regardless of Fc-glycan sialylation in any context (with or without bisection and/or fucosylation) or presence of sialylated Fab-glycans. This was tested by both by FACS and a novel cellular Surface Plasmon Resonance imaging (cSPRi) approach allowing for monitoring low-affinity but high-avidity interactions. In summary, we find no evidence for human CD23 or DC-SIGN being bona fide receptors to human IgG, regardless of IgG Fc- or Fab-glycosylation status. However, these results do not exclude the possibility that either IgG glycosylation or C-type lectins affect IVIg therapies.
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20
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van den Bijgaart RJE, Kroesen M, Wassink M, Brok IC, Kers-Rebel ED, Boon L, Heise T, van Scherpenzeel M, Lefeber DJ, Boltje TJ, den Brok MH, Hoogerbrugge PM, Büll C, Adema GJ. Combined sialic acid and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor treatment up-regulates the neuroblastoma antigen GD2. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:4437-4449. [PMID: 30670592 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.002763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma cells highly express the disialoganglioside GD2, a tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen, which is only sparsely expressed on healthy tissue. GD2 is a primary target for the development of immunotherapy for neuroblastoma. Immunotherapy with monoclonal anti-GD2 antibodies has proven safety and efficacy in clinical trials and is included in the standard treatment for children with high-risk neuroblastoma. Strategies to modulate GD2 expression in neuroblastoma could further improve anti-GD2-targeted immunotherapy. Here, we report that the cellular sialylation pathway, as well as epigenetic reprogramming, strongly modulates GD2 expression in human and mouse neuroblastoma cell lines. Recognition of GD2 by the 14G2a antibody is sialic acid-dependent and was blocked with the fluorinated sialic acid mimetic Ac53FaxNeu5Ac. Interestingly, sialic acid supplementation using a cell-permeable sialic acid analogue (Ac5Neu5Ac) boosted GD2 expression without or with minor alterations in overall cell surface sialylation. Furthermore, sialic acid supplementation with Ac5Neu5Ac combined with various histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, including vorinostat, enhanced GD2 expression in neuroblastoma cells beyond their individual effects. Mechanistic studies revealed that Ac5Neu5Ac supplementation increased intracellular CMP-Neu5Ac concentrations, thereby providing higher substrate levels for sialyltransferases. Furthermore, HDAC inhibitor treatment increased mRNA expression of the sialyltransferases GM3 synthase (ST3GAL5) and GD3 synthase (ST8SIA1), both of which are involved in GD2 biosynthesis. Our findings reveal that sialic acid analogues and HDAC inhibitors enhance GD2 expression and could potentially be employed to boost anti-GD2 targeted immunotherapy in neuroblastoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renske J E van den Bijgaart
- From the Radiotherapy and OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel Kroesen
- the Department of Radiotherapy, Erasmus Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Melissa Wassink
- From the Radiotherapy and OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid C Brok
- From the Radiotherapy and OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Esther D Kers-Rebel
- From the Radiotherapy and OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Louis Boon
- Bioceros, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Torben Heise
- the Cluster for Molecular Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Monique van Scherpenzeel
- the Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 DA Nijmegen, the Netherlands, and
| | - Dirk J Lefeber
- the Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 DA Nijmegen, the Netherlands, and
| | - Thomas J Boltje
- the Cluster for Molecular Chemistry, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn H den Brok
- From the Radiotherapy and OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter M Hoogerbrugge
- the Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Büll
- From the Radiotherapy and OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gosse J Adema
- From the Radiotherapy and OncoImmunology Laboratory, Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands,
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21
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Angata T. Possible Influences of Endogenous and Exogenous Ligands on the Evolution of Human Siglecs. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2885. [PMID: 30564250 PMCID: PMC6288428 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sialic acids, a group of acidic sugars abundantly expressed in the tissues of deuterostome animals but rarely found in microbes, serve as a "signature of self" for these animals. Cognate sensors for sialic acids include Siglecs, a family of transmembrane lectins of vertebrate immune systems that recognize glycans containing sialic acids. A type of sialic acid called N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) is abundant in many mammalian lineages including great apes, the closest extant relatives of modern human, but was lost in the lineage leading to modern human via the pseudogenization of the CMAH gene encoding the enzyme that converts N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) to Neu5Gc. Loss of Neu5Gc appears to have influenced the evolution of human Siglecs, such as the adjustment of sialic acid binding preferences and the inactivation of at least one Siglec. In addition, various mechanistic studies using model systems and genetic association studies have revealed that some human Siglecs interact with pathogens and influence the outcome of infections, and these pathogens in turn likely influence the evolution of these Siglecs. By understanding the evolutionary forces affecting Siglecs, we shall achieve a better appreciation of Siglec functions, and by understanding Siglec functions, we can obtain deeper insight into the evolutionary processes driving Siglec evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Angata
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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22
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Ereño-Orbea J, Sicard T, Cui H, Mazhab-Jafari MT, Benlekbir S, Guarné A, Rubinstein JL, Julien JP. Molecular basis of human CD22 function and therapeutic targeting. Nat Commun 2017; 8:764. [PMID: 28970495 PMCID: PMC5624926 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00836-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CD22 maintains a baseline level of B-cell inhibition to keep humoral immunity in check. As a B-cell-restricted antigen, CD22 is targeted in therapies against dysregulated B cells that cause autoimmune diseases and blood cancers. Here we report the crystal structure of human CD22 at 2.1 Å resolution, which reveals that specificity for α2-6 sialic acid ligands is dictated by a pre-formed β-hairpin as a unique mode of recognition across sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-type lectins. The CD22 ectodomain adopts an extended conformation that facilitates concomitant CD22 nanocluster formation on B cells and binding to trans ligands to avert autoimmunity in mammals. We structurally delineate the CD22 site targeted by the therapeutic antibody epratuzumab at 3.1 Å resolution and determine a critical role for CD22 N-linked glycosylation in antibody engagement. Our studies provide molecular insights into mechanisms governing B-cell inhibition and valuable clues for the design of immune modulators in B-cell dysfunction.The B-cell-specific co-receptor CD22 is a therapeutic target for depleting dysregulated B cells. Here the authors structurally characterize the ectodomain of CD22 and present its crystal structure with the bound therapeutic antibody epratuzumab, which gives insights into the mechanism of inhibition of B-cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- June Ereño-Orbea
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5G 0A4
| | - Taylor Sicard
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5G 0A4
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5S 1A8
| | - Hong Cui
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5G 0A4
| | - Mohammad T Mazhab-Jafari
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5G 0A4
| | - Samir Benlekbir
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5G 0A4
| | - Alba Guarné
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada, L8S 4L8
| | - John L Rubinstein
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5G 0A4
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5S 1A8
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5G 1L7
| | - Jean-Philippe Julien
- Program in Molecular Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5G 0A4.
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5S 1A8.
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5S 1A8.
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23
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Okerblom J, Varki A. Biochemical, Cellular, Physiological, and Pathological Consequences of Human Loss of N-Glycolylneuraminic Acid. Chembiochem 2017; 18:1155-1171. [PMID: 28423240 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201700077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
About 2-3 million years ago, Alu-mediated deletion of a critical exon in the CMAH gene became fixed in the hominin lineage ancestral to humans, possibly through a stepwise process of selection by pathogen targeting of the CMAH product (the sialic acid Neu5Gc), followed by reproductive isolation through female anti-Neu5Gc antibodies. Loss of CMAH has occurred independently in some other lineages, but is functionally intact in Old World primates, including our closest relatives, the chimpanzee. Although the biophysical and biochemical ramifications of losing tens of millions of Neu5Gc hydroxy groups at most cell surfaces remains poorly understood, we do know that there are multiscale effects functionally relevant to both sides of the host-pathogen interface. Hominin CMAH loss might also contribute to understanding human evolution, at the time when our ancestors were starting to use stone tools, increasing their consumption of meat, and possibly hunting. Comparisons with chimpanzees within ethical and practical limitations have revealed some consequences of human CMAH loss, but more has been learned by using a mouse model with a human-like Cmah inactivation. For example, such mice can develop antibodies against Neu5Gc that could affect inflammatory processes like cancer progression in the face of Neu5Gc metabolic incorporation from red meats, display a hyper-reactive immune system, a human-like tendency for delayed wound healing, late-onset hearing loss, insulin resistance, susceptibility to muscular dystrophy pathologies, and increased sensitivity to multiple human-adapted pathogens involving sialic acids. Further studies in such mice could provide a model for other human-specific processes and pathologies involving sialic acid biology that have yet to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Okerblom
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California in San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0687, USA
| | - Ajit Varki
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, GRTC) and, Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny, CARTA), Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California in San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0687, USA
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24
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de Haan N, Reiding KR, Krištić J, Hipgrave Ederveen AL, Lauc G, Wuhrer M. The N-Glycosylation of Mouse Immunoglobulin G (IgG)-Fragment Crystallizable Differs Between IgG Subclasses and Strains. Front Immunol 2017; 8:608. [PMID: 28620376 PMCID: PMC5449507 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
N-linked glycosylation of the fragment crystallizable (Fc)-region of immunoglobulin G (IgG) is known to have a large influence on the activity of the antibody, an effect reported to be IgG subclass specific. This situation applies both to humans and mice. The mouse is often used as experimental animal model to study the effects of Fc-glycosylation on IgG effector functions, and results are not uncommonly translated back to the human situation. However, while human IgG Fc-glycosylation has been extensively characterized in both health and disease, this is not the case for mice. To characterize the glycosylation profile of murine IgG-Fc and in addition evaluate the systematic glycosylation differences between mouse strains, sexes, and IgG subclasses, we used nanoliquid chromatography mass spectrometry (nanoLC-MS(/MS)) to look at the subclass-specific IgG Fc-glycopeptides of male and female mice from the strains BALB/c, C57BL/6, CD-1, and Swiss Webster. The structural analysis revealed the presence of predominantly fucosylated, diantennary glycans, with varying amounts of galactosylation and α2,6-sialylation. In addition, we report glycosylation features not previously reported in an Fc-specific way on murine IgG, including monoantennary, hybrid, and high mannose structures, as well as diantennary structures without a core fucose, with a bisecting N-acetylglucosamine, or with α1,3-galactosylation. Pronounced differences were detected between strains and the IgG subclasses within each strain. Especially the large spread in galactosylation and sialylation levels found between both strains and subclasses may vastly influence IgG effector functions. Mouse strain-based and subclass-specific glycosylation differences should be taken into account when designing and interpreting immunological and glycobiological mouse studies involving IgG effector functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noortje de Haan
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Karli R Reiding
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Gordan Lauc
- Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Genos, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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25
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Röhrig CH, Choi SSH, Baldwin N. The nutritional role of free sialic acid, a human milk monosaccharide, and its application as a functional food ingredient. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2016; 57:1017-1038. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1040113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sharon S. H. Choi
- Intertek Scientific & Regulatory Consultancy, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nigel Baldwin
- Intertek Scientific & Regulatory Consultancy, Hampshire, United Kingdom
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26
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Le NPL, Bowden TA, Struwe WB, Crispin M. Immune recruitment or suppression by glycan engineering of endogenous and therapeutic antibodies. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2016; 1860:1655-68. [PMID: 27105835 PMCID: PMC4922387 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Human serum IgG contains multiple glycoforms which exhibit a range of binding properties to effector molecules such as cellular Fc receptors. Emerging knowledge of how the Fc glycans contribute to the antibody structure and effector functions has opened new avenues for the exploitation of defined antibody glycoforms in the treatment of diseases. Here, we review the structure and activity of antibody glycoforms and highlight developments in antibody glycoengineering by both the manipulation of the cellular glycosylation machinery and by chemoenzymatic synthesis. We discuss wide ranging applications of antibody glycoengineering in the treatment of cancer, autoimmunity and inflammation. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Glycans in personalised medicine" Guest Editor: Professor Gordan Lauc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Phuong Lan Le
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas A Bowden
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Weston B Struwe
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom
| | - Max Crispin
- Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, United Kingdom.
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27
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Liu C, Jiang S, Wang M, Wang L, Chen H, Xu J, Lv Z, Song L. A novel siglec (CgSiglec-1) from the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) with broad recognition spectrum and inhibitory activity to apoptosis, phagocytosis and cytokine release. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 61:136-144. [PMID: 27032602 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Sialic acid binding immunoglobulin-type lectin (siglec) belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF), which acts as regulator involved in glycan recognition and signal transduction in the immune and nervous systems. In the present study, a siglec gene (designated CgSiglec-1) was characterized from the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. The cDNA of CgSiglec-1 was of 1251 bp encoding a predicted polypeptide of 416 amino acids. CgSiglec-1 was composed of two I-set immunoglobulin (Ig) domains, one transmembrane (TM) domain and two ITIM motifs, sharing a sequence similarity with vertebrate CD22 homologs. The mRNA expression of CgSiglec-1 could be detected in all the selected tissues, with the highest level in hemocytes and labial palps. The confocal analysis revealed that CgSiglec-1 mainly distributed on the cytoplasmic membrane of the oyster hemocytes. In addition, the mRNA transcripts of CgSiglec-1 in hemocytes increased significantly (4.29-fold to that of control group, p < 0.05) after Vibrio splendidus stimulation. The recombinant CgSiglec-1 protein (rCgSiglec-1) could bind to poly sialic acid (pSIAS), lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and peptidoglycan (PGN) in a dose-dependent manner. The blockade of CgSiglec-1 by specific polyclonal antibodies could enhance the LPS-induced cell apoptosis, phagocytosis towards V. splendidus and the release of cytokines, such as CgTNF-1, CgIFNLP and CgIL-17. The results collectively indicated that CgSiglec-1 could act as a bridge molecule between invader recognition and signal transduction cascade, and modulate the immune response by inhibiting various important processes of immunity in oyster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conghui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuai Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Mengqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiachao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhao Lv
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Linsheng Song
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.
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28
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Quantification of sialic acids in red meat by UPLC-FLD using indoxylsialosides as internal standards. Glycoconj J 2016; 33:219-26. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-016-9659-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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29
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Butler JR, Wang ZY, Martens GR, Ladowski JM, Li P, Tector M, Tector AJ. Modified glycan models of pig-to-human xenotransplantation do not enhance the human-anti-pig T cell response. Transpl Immunol 2016; 35:47-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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30
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Shaughnessy J, Gulati S, Agarwal S, Unemo M, Ohnishi M, Su XH, Monks BG, Visintin A, Madico G, Lewis LA, Golenbock DT, Reed GW, Rice PA, Ram S. A Novel Factor H-Fc Chimeric Immunotherapeutic Molecule against Neisseria gonorrhoeae. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:1732-40. [PMID: 26773149 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Neisseria gonorrhoeae, the causative agent of the sexually transmitted infection gonorrhea, has developed resistance to almost every conventional antibiotic. There is an urgent need to develop novel therapies against gonorrhea. Many pathogens, including N. gonorrhoeae, bind the complement inhibitor factor H (FH) to evade complement-dependent killing. Sialylation of gonococcal lipooligosaccharide, as occurs in vivo, augments binding of human FH through its domains 18-20 (FH18-20). We explored the use of fusing FH18-20 with IgG Fc (FH18-20/Fc) to create a novel anti-infective immunotherapeutic. FH18-20 also binds to select host glycosaminoglycans to limit unwanted complement activation on host cells. To identify mutation(s) in FH18-20 that eliminated complement activation on host cells, yet maintained binding to N. gonorrhoeae, we created four mutations in domains 19 or 20 described in atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome that prevented binding of mutated fH to human erythrocytes. One of the mutant proteins (D to G at position 1119 in domain 19; FHD1119G/Fc) facilitated complement-dependent killing of gonococci similar to unmodified FH18-20/Fc but, unlike FH18-20/Fc, did not lyse human erythrocytes. FHD1119G/Fc bound to all (100%) of 15 sialylated clinical N. gonorrhoeae isolates tested (including three contemporary ceftriaxone-resistant strains), mediated complement-dependent killing of 10 of 15 (67%) strains, and enhanced C3 deposition (≥10-fold above baseline levels) on each of the five isolates not directly killed by complement. FHD1119G/Fc facilitated opsonophagocytic killing of a serum-resistant strain by human polymorphonuclear neutrophils. FHD1119G/Fc administered intravaginally significantly reduced the duration and burden of gonococcal infection in the mouse vaginal colonization model. FHD1119G/Fc represents a novel immunotherapeutic against multidrug-resistant N. gonorrhoeae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutamas Shaughnessy
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester MA 01605
| | - Sunita Gulati
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester MA 01605
| | - Sarika Agarwal
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester MA 01605
| | - Magnus Unemo
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Gonorrhoea and Other Sexually Transmitted Infections, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Microbiology, Orebro University Hospital, SE-701 85 Orebro, Sweden
| | - Makoto Ohnishi
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Xia-Hong Su
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Brian G Monks
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester MA 01605; Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Alberto Visintin
- Centers for Therapeutic Innovation, Pfizer, Inc., Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Guillermo Madico
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118; and
| | - Lisa A Lewis
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester MA 01605
| | - Douglas T Golenbock
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester MA 01605
| | - George W Reed
- Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester MA 01605
| | - Peter A Rice
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester MA 01605
| | - Sanjay Ram
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester MA 01605;
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31
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CMP-Neu5Ac Hydroxylase Null Mice as a Model for Studying Metabolic Disorders Caused by the Evolutionary Loss of Neu5Gc in Humans. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:830315. [PMID: 26558285 PMCID: PMC4629002 DOI: 10.1155/2015/830315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to identify the modification/turnover of gene products that are altered in humans due to evolutionary loss of Neu5Gc. CMP-Neu5Ac hydroxylase- (Cmah-) deficient mice show the infiltration of Kupffer cells within liver sinusoids, whereas body and liver weight develop normally. Pathway analysis by use of Illumina MouseRef-8 v2 Expression BeadChip provided evidence that a number of biological pathways, including the glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, TCA cycle, and pentose phosphate pathways, as well as glycogen metabolism-related gene expression, were significantly upregulated in Cmah-null mice. The intracellular glucose supply in Cmah-null mice resulted in mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and the advanced glycation end products accumulation that could further induce oxidative stress. Finally, low sirtuin-1 and sirtuin-3 gene expressions due to higher NADH/NAD in Cmah-null mice decreased Foxo-1 and MnSOD gene expression, suggesting that oxidative stress may result in mitochondrial dysfunction in Cmah-null mouse. The present study suggests that mice with CMAH deficiency can be taken as an important model for studying metabolic disorders in humans.
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32
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Erikson E, Wratil PR, Frank M, Ambiel I, Pahnke K, Pino M, Azadi P, Izquierdo-Useros N, Martinez-Picado J, Meier C, Schnaar RL, Crocker PR, Reutter W, Keppler OT. Mouse Siglec-1 Mediates trans-Infection of Surface-bound Murine Leukemia Virus in a Sialic Acid N-Acyl Side Chain-dependent Manner. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:27345-27359. [PMID: 26370074 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.681338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Siglec-1 (sialoadhesin, CD169) is a surface receptor on human cells that mediates trans-enhancement of HIV-1 infection through recognition of sialic acid moieties in virus membrane gangliosides. Here, we demonstrate that mouse Siglec-1, expressed on the surface of primary macrophages in an interferon-α-responsive manner, captures murine leukemia virus (MLV) particles and mediates their transfer to proliferating lymphocytes. The MLV infection of primary B-cells was markedly more efficient than that of primary T-cells. The major structural protein of MLV particles, Gag, frequently co-localized with Siglec-1, and trans-infection, primarily of surface-bound MLV particles, efficiently occurred. To explore the role of sialic acid for MLV trans-infection at a submolecular level, we analyzed the potential of six sialic acid precursor analogs to modulate the sialylated ganglioside-dependent interaction of MLV particles with Siglec-1. Biosynthetically engineered sialic acids were detected in both the glycolipid and glycoprotein fractions of MLV producer cells. MLV released from cells carrying N-acyl-modified sialic acids displayed strikingly different capacities for Siglec-1-mediated capture and trans-infection; N-butanoyl, N-isobutanoyl, N-glycolyl, or N-pentanoyl side chain modifications resulted in up to 92 and 80% reduction of virus particle capture and trans-infection, respectively, whereas N-propanoyl or N-cyclopropylcarbamyl side chains had no effect. In agreement with these functional analyses, molecular modeling indicated reduced binding affinities for non-functional N-acyl modifications. Thus, Siglec-1 is a key receptor for macrophage/lymphocyte trans-infection of surface-bound virions, and the N-acyl side chain of sialic acid is a critical determinant for the Siglec-1/MLV interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Erikson
- Institute of Medical Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, University of Frankfurt, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany,; Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paul R Wratil
- the Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin, Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 12200 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Ina Ambiel
- Institute of Medical Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, University of Frankfurt, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Katharina Pahnke
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maria Pino
- the AIDS Research Institute IrsiCaixa, Institut d'Investigatio en Ciencies de la Salut Germans Trias I Pujol, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08916 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Parastoo Azadi
- the Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Nuria Izquierdo-Useros
- the AIDS Research Institute IrsiCaixa, Institut d'Investigatio en Ciencies de la Salut Germans Trias I Pujol, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08916 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Martinez-Picado
- the AIDS Research Institute IrsiCaixa, Institut d'Investigatio en Ciencies de la Salut Germans Trias I Pujol, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, 08916 Barcelona, Spain,; the Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Chris Meier
- Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ronald L Schnaar
- Departments of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21218
| | - Paul R Crocker
- College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Werner Reutter
- the Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin, Klinische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 12200 Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver T Keppler
- Institute of Medical Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, University of Frankfurt, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany,; Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany,.
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Chugh S, Gnanapragassam VS, Jain M, Rachagani S, Ponnusamy MP, Batra SK. Pathobiological implications of mucin glycans in cancer: Sweet poison and novel targets. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2015; 1856:211-25. [PMID: 26318196 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 08/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mucins are large glycoproteins expressed on the epithelia that provide a protective barrier against harsh insults from toxins and pathogenic microbes. These glycoproteins are classified primarily as being secreted and membrane-bound; both forms are involved in pathophysiological functions including inflammation and cancer. The high molecular weight of mucins is attributed to their large polypeptide backbone that is extensively covered by glycan moieties that modulate the function of mucins and, hence, play an important role in physiological functions. Deregulation of glycosylation machinery during malignant transformation results in altered mucin glycosylation. This review describes the functional implications and pathobiological significance of altered mucin glycosylation in cancer. Further, this review delineates various factors such as glycosyltransferases and tumor microenvironment that contribute to dysregulation of mucin glycosylation during cancer. Finally, this review discusses the scope of mucin glycan epitopes as potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Chugh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Vinayaga S Gnanapragassam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Maneesh Jain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Satyanarayana Rachagani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Moorthy P Ponnusamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA; Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA; Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA.
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Tjon ASW, van Gent R, Geijtenbeek TB, Kwekkeboom J. Differences in Anti-Inflammatory Actions of Intravenous Immunoglobulin between Mice and Men: More than Meets the Eye. Front Immunol 2015; 6:197. [PMID: 25972869 PMCID: PMC4412134 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is a therapeutic preparation of polyspecific human IgGs purified from plasma pooled from thousands of individuals. When administered at a high dose, IVIg inhibits inflammation and has proven efficacy in the treatment of various autoimmune and systemic inflammatory diseases. Importantly, IVIg therapy can ameliorate both auto-antibody-mediated and T-cell mediated immune pathologies. In the last few decades, extensive research in murine disease models has resulted in the elucidation of two novel anti-inflammatory mechanisms-of-action of IVIg: induction of FcγRIIB expression by sialylated Fc, and stimulation of regulatory T cells. Whereas controversial findings in mice studies have recently inspired intense scientific debate regarding the validity of the sialylated Fc-FcγRIIB model, the most fundamental question is whether these anti-inflammatory mechanisms of IVIg are operational in humans treated with IVIg. In this review, we examine the evidence for the involvement of these anti-inflammatory mechanisms in the therapeutic effects of IVIg in humans. We demonstrate that although several elements of both immune-modulatory pathways of IVIg are activated in humans, incorrect extrapolations from mice to men have been made on the molecular and cellular components involved in these cascades that warrant for critical re-evaluation of these anti-inflammatory mechanisms of IVIg in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela S W Tjon
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center , Rotterdam , Netherlands
| | - Rogier van Gent
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center , Rotterdam , Netherlands
| | - Teunis B Geijtenbeek
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center , Amsterdam , Netherlands
| | - Jaap Kwekkeboom
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center , Rotterdam , Netherlands
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Abstract
The sialic acids N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) and N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) differ by a single oxygen atom and are widely found at the terminal position of glycans on vertebrate cell surfaces. In animals capable of synthesizing Neu5Gc, most tissues and cell types express both sialic acids, in proportions that vary between species. However, it has long been noted that Neu5Gc is consistently expressed at trace to absent levels in the brains of all vertebrates studied to date. Although several reports have claimed to find low levels of Neu5Gc-containing glycans in neural tissue, no study definitively excludes the possibility of contamination with glycans from non-neural cell types. This distribution of a molecule - prominently but variably expressed in extraneural tissues but very low or absent in the brain - is, to our knowledge, unique. The evolutionarily conserved brain-specific suppression of Neu5Gc may indicate that its presence is toxic to this organ; however, no studies to date have directly addressed this very interesting question. Here we provide a historical background to this issue and discuss potential mechanisms causing the suppression of Neu5Gc expression in brain tissue, as well as mechanisms by which Neu5Gc may exert the presumed toxicity. Finally, we discuss future approaches towards understanding the mechanisms and implications of this unusual finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leela R L Davies
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny, Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., MC 0687, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0687, USA
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Schwarz F, Fong JJ, Varki A. Human-specific evolutionary changes in the biology of siglecs. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2015; 842:1-16. [PMID: 25408333 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-11280-0_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Flavio Schwarz
- Departments of Medicine, and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA,
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A human-specific mutation limits nonhuman primate efficacy in preclinical xenotransplantation studies. Transplantation 2014; 97:385-90. [PMID: 24445925 DOI: 10.1097/01.tp.0000441321.87915.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients diagnosed with fulminant hepatic failure face high mortality rates. A potential therapeutic approach for these patients is the use of extracorporeal porcine liver perfusion, to serve as a form of "liver dialysis." Previously, our laboratory has shown that, during a 72-hour extracorporeal perfusion with human blood, porcine Kupffer cells bind to and phagocytose human erythrocytes causing the hematocrit to fall to 2.5% of the original value. Subsequently, erythrocyte binding has been shown to involve N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) on the surface of human erythrocytes and sialoadhesin on the surface of the porcine Kupffer cells. METHODS Given that no primate other than the human is known to express the majority of its sialic acid as Neu5Ac, we evaluated whether nonhuman primates would provide adequate evaluation of the loss of erythrocytes that might be expected in a clinical trial of extracorporeal porcine liver perfusion. RESULTS We found that while porcine macrophages readily bound human erythrocytes, binding of nonhuman primate erythrocytes was significantly reduced (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that nonhuman primates may fail to serve as an adequate model for studying extracorporeal porcine liver perfusion because of the fact that porcine macrophages do not bind nonhuman primate erythrocytes.
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38
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Li H, Fan X. Quantitative analysis of sialic acids in Chinese conventional foods by HPLC-FLD. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/ojpm.2014.42009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Buchlis G, Odorizzi P, Soto PC, Pearce OMT, Hui DJ, Jordan MS, Varki A, Wherry EJ, High KA. Enhanced T cell function in a mouse model of human glycosylation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:228-37. [PMID: 23709682 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1202905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Clinical evidence for a more active immune response in humans compared with our closest hominid relative, the chimpanzee, includes the progression of HIV infection to AIDS, hepatitis B- and C-related inflammation, autoimmunity, and unwanted harmful immune responses to viral gene transfer vectors. Humans have a unique mutation of the enzyme CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase (CMAH), causing loss of expression of the sialic acid Neu5Gc. This mutation, occurring 2 million years ago, likely altered the expression and function of ITIM-bearing inhibitory receptors (Siglecs) that bind sialic acids. Previous work showed that human T cells proliferate faster than chimpanzee T cells upon equivalent stimulation. In this article, we report that Cmah(-/-) mouse T cells proliferate faster and have greater expression of activation markers than wild-type mouse T cells. Metabolically reintroducing Neu5Gc diminishes the proliferation and activation of both human and murine Cmah(-/-) T cells. Importantly, Cmah(-/-) mice mount greater T cell responses to an adenovirus encoding an adeno-associated virus capsid transgene. Upon lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection, Cmah(-/-) mice make more lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus-specific T cells than WT mice, and these T cells are more polyfunctional. Therefore, a uniquely human glycosylation mutation, modeled in mice, leads to a more proliferative and active T cell population. These findings in a human-like mouse model have implications for understanding the hyperimmune responses that characterize some human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Buchlis
- University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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40
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Kikkeri R, Padler-Karavani V, Diaz S, Verhagen A, Yu H, Cao H, Langereis MA, De Groot RJ, Chen X, Varki A. Quantum dot nanometal surface energy transfer based biosensing of sialic acid compositions and linkages in biological samples. Anal Chem 2013; 85:3864-70. [PMID: 23489180 PMCID: PMC5996995 DOI: 10.1021/ac400320n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Current methods for analyzing sialic acid diversity in modifications and linkages require multistep processing, derivatization, and chromatographic analyses. We here report a single-step optical method for identification and quantification of different compositions of sialoglycans on glycoproteins and in serum. This was achieved by measuring and quantifying nanometal surface energy transfer (NSET) signals between quantum dots and gold nanoparticles bound to specific sialic acid binding proteins (SBPs) and sialic acid moieties, respectively. The biosensing process is based on the NSET turn-on by external sialic acid species that compete for binding to the SBPs. Selectivity of the biosensor toward sialoglycans can be designed to detect the total amount, glycosylation linkages (α2-6 vs α2-3), and modifications (9-O-acetyl and N-glycolyl groups) in the samples. This nanobiosensor is a prototype expected to achieve limits of the detection down to the micromolar range for high-throughput quantification and analysis of different compositions of sialoglycans present in biological or biomedical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghavendra Kikkeri
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Vered Padler-Karavani
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Sandra Diaz
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Andrea Verhagen
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Hai Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Hongzhi Cao
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Martijn A. Langereis
- Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Raoul J. De Groot
- Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Ajit Varki
- Glycobiology Research and Training Center, Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
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O'Neill ASG, van den Berg TK, Mullen GED. Sialoadhesin - a macrophage-restricted marker of immunoregulation and inflammation. Immunology 2013. [PMID: 23181380 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Sialoadhesin (Sn, also known as Siglec-1 and CD169) is a macrophage-restricted cell surface receptor that is conserved across mammals. Sn is a member of the sialic acid-binding IgG-like lectin (Siglec) family of proteins characterized by affinity to specifically sialylated ligands, and under normal conditions is expressed on subsets of macrophages in secondary lymphoid tissues, such as lymph node and spleen. However, Sn-positive macrophages can also be found in a variety of pathological conditions, including (autoimmune) inflammatory infiltrates and tumours. Sn has been shown to contribute to sialylated pathogen uptake, antigen presentation and lymphocyte proliferation, and to influence both immunity and tolerance. This review presents Sn as a macrophage-specific marker of inflammation and immunoregulation with the potential to becoming an important biomarker for immunologically active macrophages and a target for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander S G O'Neill
- Division of Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK.
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42
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Hajishengallis G, Connell TD. Type II heat-labile enterotoxins: structure, function, and immunomodulatory properties. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2012; 152:68-77. [PMID: 23137790 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2012.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The heat-labile enterotoxins (HLTs) of Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae are classified into two major types on the basis of genetic, biochemical, and immunological properties. Type I and Type II HLT have been intensively studied for their exceptionally strong adjuvant activities. Despite general structural similarities, these molecules, in intact or derivative (non-toxic) forms, display notable differences in their mode of immunomodulatory action. The molecular basis of these differences has remained largely uncharacterized until recently. This review focuses on the Type II HLTs and their immunomodulatory properties which depend largely on interactions with unique gangliosides and Toll-like receptors that are not utilized by the Type I HLTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Hajishengallis
- University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Department of Microbiology, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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43
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Apicella MA. Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae: the role of N-acetyl-5-neuraminic acid in biology. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2012; 2:19. [PMID: 22919611 PMCID: PMC3417534 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2012.00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 02/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is an exclusive human pathogen, which has evolved a number of unique mechanisms to survive within the human environment. An important part of this is the ability of the organism to take up and incorporate sialic acid into its surface structures. This protects the organism against host adaptive and innate immune factor as well as serving as a mechanism for sustaining itself within biofilms. Recent evidence suggests that this also may be the source of the evolution of human antibodies to non-human sialic acid structures, which can lead to inflammation in the host. In very rare instances, evolution of antibodies to sialylated lipooligosaccharide (LOS) mimics of human antigens can result in autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Apicella
- Departments of Microbiology and Internal Medicine, The Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City IA, USA.
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Taufik E, Fukuda K, Senda A, Saito T, Williams C, Tilden C, Eisert R, Oftedal O, Urashima T. Structural characterization of neutral and acidic oligosaccharides in the milks of strepsirrhine primates: greater galago, aye-aye, Coquerel's sifaka and mongoose lemur. Glycoconj J 2012; 29:119-34. [PMID: 22311613 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-012-9370-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Revised: 01/14/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The structures of milk oligosaccharides were characterized for four strepsirrhine primates to examine the extent to which they resemble milk oligosaccharides in other primates. Neutral and acidic oligosaccharides were isolated from milk of the greater galago (Galagidae: Otolemur crassicaudatus), aye-aye (Daubentoniidae: Daubentonia madagascariensis), Coquerel's sifaka (Indriidae: Propithecus coquereli) and mongoose lemur (Lemuridae: Eulemur mongoz), and their chemical structures were characterized by (1)H-NMR spectroscopy. The oligosaccharide patterns observed among strepsirrhines did not appear to correlate to phylogeny, sociality or pattern of infant care. Both type I and type II neutral oligosaccharides were found in the milk of the aye-aye, but type II predominate over type I. Only type II oligosaccharides were identified in other strepsirrhine milks. α3'-GL (isoglobotriose, Gal(α1-3)Gal(β1-4)Glc) was found in the milks of Coquerel's sifaka and mongoose lemur, which is the first report of this oligosaccharide in the milk of any primate species. 2'-FL (Fuc(α1-2)Gal(β1-4)Glc) was found in the milk of an aye-aye with an ill infant. Oligosaccharides containing the Lewis x epitope were found in aye-aye and mongoose lemur milk. Among acidic oligosaccharides, 3'-N-acetylneuraminyllactose (3'-SL-NAc, Neu5Ac(α2-3)Gal(β1-4)Glc) was found in all studied species, whereas 6'-N-acetylneuraminyllactose (6'-SL-NAc, Neu5Ac(α2-6)Gal(β1-4)Glc) was found in all species except greater galago. Greater galago milk also contained 3'-N-glycolylneuraminyllactose (3'-SL-NGc, Neu5Gc(α2-3)Gal(β1-4)Glc). The finding of a variety of neutral and acidic oligosaccharides in the milks of strepsirrhines, as previously reported for haplorhines, suggests that such constituents are ancient rather than derived features, and are as characteristic of primate lactation is the classic disaccharide, lactose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Epi Taufik
- Graduate School of Animal and Food Hygiene, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, 080-8555, Japan
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Girard M, Puerta A, Diez-Masa JC, de Frutos M. High resolution separation methods for the determination of intact human erythropoiesis stimulating agents. A review. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 713:7-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Revised: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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46
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Paulson JC, Macauley MS, Kawasaki N. Siglecs as sensors of self in innate and adaptive immune responses. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2012; 1253:37-48. [PMID: 22288608 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06362.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Siglecs are expressed on most white blood cells of the immune system and are known to modulate the activity of cell signaling receptors via regulatory motifs in their cytoplasmic domains. This immunoglobulin subfamily of coreceptors recognize sialic acid containing glycans as ligands, which are found on glycoproteins and glycolipids of all mammalian cells. By virtue of their ability to recognize this common structural element, siglecs are increasingly recognized for their ability to help immune cells distinguish between self and nonself, and dampen autoimmune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C Paulson
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA.
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47
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Abstract
Sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectins, or Siglecs, vary in their specificity for sialic acid-containing ligands and are mainly expressed by cells of the immune system. Many Siglecs are inhibitory receptors expressed in innate immune cells that regulate inflammation mediated by damage-associated and pathogen-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs and PAMPs). This family also includes molecules involved in adhesion and phagocytosis and receptors that can associate with the ITAM-containing DAP12 adaptor. Siglecs contribute to the inhibition of immune cells both by binding to cis ligands (expressed in the same cells) and by responding to pathogen-derived sialoglycoconjugates. They can help maintain tolerance in B lymphocytes, modulate the activation of conventional and plasmacytoid dendritic cells, and contribute to the regulation of T cell function both directly and indirectly. Siglecs modulate immune responses, influencing almost every cell in the immune system, and are of relevance both in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiv Pillai
- Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02129, USA.
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48
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Ghaderi D, Zhang M, Hurtado-Ziola N, Varki A. Production platforms for biotherapeutic glycoproteins. Occurrence, impact, and challenges of non-human sialylation. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2012; 28:147-75. [DOI: 10.5661/bger-28-147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Human-Specific Changes in Sialic Acid Biology. POST-GENOME BIOLOGY OF PRIMATES 2012. [PMCID: PMC7120309 DOI: 10.1007/978-4-431-54011-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sialic acids are components of cell-surface glycans and play important roles in cell–cell communication and host–pathogen interaction. More than 55 genes, encoding receptors, enzymes, and transporters, are known to be involved in sialic acid biology. Nearly 10 years of research have revealed that several of these genes show human-specific changes in genome structure, expression, or function. In this chapter, we introduce these human-specific changes and their possible impact on the human evolution. Also, we give an overview of the evolution of sialic acid biology in primates. The discovery of human-specific changes in sialic acid biology is one step toward explaining the genetic basis of human uniqueness, one of the major activities in primatology, contributing to answering a transdisciplinary question: What makes us human?
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Redelinghuys P, Antonopoulos A, Liu Y, Campanero-Rhodes MA, McKenzie E, Haslam SM, Dell A, Feizi T, Crocker PR. Early murine T-lymphocyte activation is accompanied by a switch from N-Glycolyl- to N-acetyl-neuraminic acid and generation of ligands for siglec-E. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:34522-32. [PMID: 21835922 PMCID: PMC3186437 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.243410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well established that murine T-lymphocyte activation is accompanied by major changes in cell-surface sialylation, potentially influencing interactions with sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (siglecs). In the present study, we analyzed early activation of murine CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocytes at 24 h. We observed a striking and selective up-regulation in the binding of a recombinant soluble form of siglec-E, an inhibitory siglec, which is expressed on several myeloid cell types including antigen-presenting dendritic cells. In contrast, much lower levels of T cell binding were observed with other siglecs, including sialoadhesin, CD22, and siglec-F and the plant lectins Maackia amurensis leukoagglutinin and Sambucus nigra agglutinin. By mass spectrometry, the sialic acid content of 24-h-activated CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocytes exhibited an increased proportion of N-acetyl-neuraminic acid (NeuAc) to N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (NeuGc) in N-glycans. Reduced levels of NeuGc on the surface of activated T cells were demonstrated using an antibody specific for NeuGc and the expression levels of the gene encoding NeuAc- to NeuGc-converting enzyme, CMP-NeuAc hydroxylase, were also reduced. Siglec-E bound a wide range of sialylated structures in glycan arrays, had a preference for NeuAc versus NeuGc-terminated sequences and could recognize a set of sialoglycoproteins that included CD45, in lysates from activated T-lymphocytes. Collectively, these results show that early in T cell activation, glycan remodelling involves a switch from NeuGc- to NeuAc-terminating oligosaccharides on cell surface glycoproteins. This is associated with a strong up-regulation of siglec-E ligands, which may be important in promoting cellular interactions between early activated T-lymphocytes and myeloid cells expressing this inhibitory receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Redelinghuys
- Division of Cell Signalling and Immunology, Wellcome Trust Biocentre, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, United Kingdom
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