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Jiang X, Zhao K, Sun Y, Song X, Yi C, Xiong T, Wang S, Yu Y, Chen X, Liu R, Yan X, Antos CL. The scale of zebrafish pectoral fin buds is determined by intercellular K+ levels and consequent Ca2+-mediated signaling via retinoic acid regulation of Rcan2 and Kcnk5b. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002565. [PMID: 38527087 PMCID: PMC11018282 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
K+ channels regulate morphogens to scale adult fins, but little is known about what regulates the channels and how they control morphogen expression. Using the zebrafish pectoral fin bud as a model for early vertebrate fin/limb development, we found that K+ channels also scale this anatomical structure, and we determined how one K+-leak channel, Kcnk5b, integrates into its developmental program. From FLIM measurements of a Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET)-based K+ sensor, we observed coordinated decreases in intracellular K+ levels during bud growth, and overexpression of K+-leak channels in vivo coordinately increased bud proportions. Retinoic acid, which can enhance fin/limb bud growth, decreased K+ in bud tissues and up-regulated regulator of calcineurin (rcan2). rcan2 overexpression increased bud growth and decreased K+, while CRISPR-Cas9 targeting of rcan2 decreased growth and increased K+. We observed similar results in the adult caudal fins. Moreover, CRISPR targeting of Kcnk5b revealed that Rcan2-mediated growth was dependent on the Kcnk5b. We also found that Kcnk5b enhanced depolarization in fin bud cells via Na+ channels and that this enhanced depolarization was required for Kcnk5b-enhanced growth. Lastly, Kcnk5b-induced shha transcription and bud growth required IP3R-mediated Ca2+ release and CaMKK activity. Thus, we provide a mechanism for how retinoic acid via rcan2 can regulate K+-channel activity to scale a vertebrate appendage via intercellular Ca2+ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Jiang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kun Zhao
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Sun
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinyue Song
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chao Yi
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianlong Xiong
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sen Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Yu
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiduo Chen
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Run Liu
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Yan
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Christopher L. Antos
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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2
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Lee SW, Oh YM, Victor MB, Yang Y, Chen S, Strunilin I, Dahiya S, Dolle RE, Pak SC, Silverman GA, Perlmutter DH, Yoo AS. Longitudinal modeling of human neuronal aging reveals the contribution of the RCAN1-TFEB pathway to Huntington's disease neurodegeneration. NATURE AGING 2024; 4:95-109. [PMID: 38066314 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-023-00538-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a common risk factor in neurodegenerative disorders. Investigating neuronal aging in an isogenic background stands to facilitate analysis of the interplay between neuronal aging and neurodegeneration. Here we perform direct neuronal reprogramming of longitudinally collected human fibroblasts to reveal genetic pathways altered at different ages. Comparative transcriptome analysis of longitudinally aged striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in Huntington's disease identified pathways involving RCAN1, a negative regulator of calcineurin. Notably, RCAN1 protein increased with age in reprogrammed MSNs as well as in human postmortem striatum and RCAN1 knockdown rescued patient-derived MSNs of Huntington's disease from degeneration. RCAN1 knockdown enhanced chromatin accessibility of genes involved in longevity and autophagy, mediated through enhanced calcineurin activity, leading to TFEB's nuclear localization by dephosphorylation. Furthermore, G2-115, an analog of glibenclamide with autophagy-enhancing activities, reduced the RCAN1-calcineurin interaction, phenocopying the effect of RCAN1 knockdown. Our results demonstrate that targeting RCAN1 genetically or pharmacologically can increase neuronal resilience in Huntington's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Won Lee
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Columbus, GA, USA
| | - Young Mi Oh
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Columbus, GA, USA
| | - Matheus B Victor
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Shawei Chen
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ilya Strunilin
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sonika Dahiya
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Roland E Dolle
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Stephen C Pak
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gary A Silverman
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - David H Perlmutter
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Andrew S Yoo
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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3
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Nolze A, Matern S, Grossmann C. Calcineurin Is a Universal Regulator of Vessel Function-Focus on Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Cells 2023; 12:2269. [PMID: 37759492 PMCID: PMC10528183 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcineurin, a serine/threonine phosphatase regulating transcription factors like NFaT and CREB, is well known for its immune modulatory effects and role in cardiac hypertrophy. Results from experiments with calcineurin knockout animals and calcineurin inhibitors indicate that calcineurin also plays a crucial role in vascular function, especially in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). In the aorta, calcineurin stimulates the proliferation and migration of VSMCs in response to vascular injury or angiotensin II administration, leading to pathological vessel wall thickening. In the heart, calcineurin mediates coronary artery formation and VSMC differentiation, which are crucial for proper heart development. In pulmonary VSMCs, calcineurin/NFaT signaling regulates the release of Ca2+, resulting in increased vascular tone followed by pulmonary arterial hypertension. In renal VSMCs, calcineurin regulates extracellular matrix secretion promoting fibrosis development. In the mesenteric and cerebral arteries, calcineurin mediates a phenotypic switch of VSMCs leading to altered cell function. Gaining deeper insights into the underlying mechanisms of calcineurin signaling will help researchers to understand developmental and pathogenetical aspects of the vasculature. In this review, we provide an overview of the physiological function and pathophysiology of calcineurin in the vascular system with a focus on vascular smooth muscle cells in different organs. Overall, there are indications that under certain pathological settings reduced calcineurin activity seems to be beneficial for cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Claudia Grossmann
- Julius Bernstein Institute of Physiology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany
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Sharlo KA, Lvova ID, Tyganov SA, Zaripova KA, Belova SP, Kostrominova TY, Shenkman BS, Nemirovskaya TL. The Effect of SERCA Activation on Functional Characteristics and Signaling of Rat Soleus Muscle upon 7 Days of Unloading. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1354. [PMID: 37759754 PMCID: PMC10526198 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle abnormalities and atrophy during unloading are accompanied by the accumulation of excess calcium in the sarcoplasm. We hypothesized that calcium accumulation may occur, among other mechanisms, due to the inhibition of sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) activity. Consequently, the use of the SERCA activator will reduce the level of calcium in the sarcoplasm and prevent the negative consequences of muscle unloading. Wistar rats were randomly assigned into one of three groups (eight rats per group): control rats with placebo (C), 7 days of unloading/hindlimb suspension with placebo (7HS), and 7 days of unloading treated with SERCA activator CDN1163 (7HSC). After seven days of unloading the soleus muscle, the 7HS group displayed increased fatigue in the ex vivo test, a significant increase in the level of calcium-dependent CaMK II phosphorylation and the level of tropomyosin oxidation, as well as a decrease in the content of mitochondrial DNA and protein, slow-type myosin mRNA, and the percentage of slow-type muscle fibers. All of these changes were prevented in the 7HSC group. Moreover, treatment with CDN1163 blocked a decrease in the phosphorylation of p70S6k, an increase in eEF2 phosphorylation, and an increase in MuRF-1 mRNA expression. Nevertheless, there were no differences in the degree of fast and slow muscle fiber atrophy between the 7HS and 7HSC groups. Conclusion: SERCA activation during 7 days of unloading prevented an increase in soleus fatigue, the decrease of slow-type myosin, mitochondrial markers, and markers of calcium homeostasis but had no effect on muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina A. Sharlo
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems, RAS (Russian Academy of Sciences), Moscow 123007, Russia; (K.A.S.); (I.D.L.); (S.A.T.); (K.A.Z.); (S.P.B.); (B.S.S.)
| | - Irina D. Lvova
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems, RAS (Russian Academy of Sciences), Moscow 123007, Russia; (K.A.S.); (I.D.L.); (S.A.T.); (K.A.Z.); (S.P.B.); (B.S.S.)
| | - Sergey A. Tyganov
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems, RAS (Russian Academy of Sciences), Moscow 123007, Russia; (K.A.S.); (I.D.L.); (S.A.T.); (K.A.Z.); (S.P.B.); (B.S.S.)
| | - Ksenia A. Zaripova
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems, RAS (Russian Academy of Sciences), Moscow 123007, Russia; (K.A.S.); (I.D.L.); (S.A.T.); (K.A.Z.); (S.P.B.); (B.S.S.)
| | - Svetlana P. Belova
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems, RAS (Russian Academy of Sciences), Moscow 123007, Russia; (K.A.S.); (I.D.L.); (S.A.T.); (K.A.Z.); (S.P.B.); (B.S.S.)
| | - Tatiana Y. Kostrominova
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine-Northwest, Gary, IN 46202, USA;
| | - Boris S. Shenkman
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems, RAS (Russian Academy of Sciences), Moscow 123007, Russia; (K.A.S.); (I.D.L.); (S.A.T.); (K.A.Z.); (S.P.B.); (B.S.S.)
| | - Tatiana L. Nemirovskaya
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems, RAS (Russian Academy of Sciences), Moscow 123007, Russia; (K.A.S.); (I.D.L.); (S.A.T.); (K.A.Z.); (S.P.B.); (B.S.S.)
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5
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Chu ZC, Cong T, Zhao JY, Zhang J, Lou ZY, Gao Y, Tang X. The identification of hub-methylated differentially expressed genes in osteoarthritis patients is based on epigenomic and transcriptomic data. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1219830. [PMID: 37465641 PMCID: PMC10351907 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1219830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Osteoarthritis (OA) refers to a commonly seen degenerative joint disorder and a major global public health burden. According to the existing literature, osteoarthritis is related to epigenetic changes, which are important for diagnosing and treating the disease early. Through early targeted treatment, costly treatments and poor prognosis caused by advanced osteoarthritis can be avoided. Methods This study combined gene differential expression analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) of the transcriptome with epigenome microarray data to discover the hub gene of OA. We obtained 2 microarray datasets (GSE114007, GSE73626) in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). The R software was utilized for identifying differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially methylated genes (DMGs). By using WGCNA to analyze the relationships between modules and phenotypes, it was discovered that the blue module (MEBlue) has the strongest phenotypic connection with OA (cor = 0.92, p = 4e-16). The hub genes for OA, also known as the hub methylated differentially expressed genes, were identified by matching the MEblue module to differentially methylated differentially expressed genes. Furthermore, this study used Gene set variation analysis (GSVA) to identify specific signal pathways associated with hub genes. qRT-PCR and western blotting assays were used to confirm the expression levels of the hub genes in OA patients and healthy controls. Results Three hub genes were discovered: HTRA1, P2RY6, and RCAN1. GSVA analysis showed that high HTRA1 expression was mainly enriched in epithelial-mesenchymal transition and apical junction; high expression of P2RY6 was mainly enriched in the peroxisome, coagulation, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition; and high expression of RCAN1 was mainly enriched in epithelial-mesenchymal-transition, TGF-β-signaling, and glycolysis. The results of the RT-qPCR and WB assay were consistent with the findings. Discussion The three genes tested may cause articular cartilage degeneration by inducing chondrocyte hypertrophy, regulating extracellular matrix accumulation, and improving macrophage pro-inflammatory response, resulting in the onset and progression of osteoarthritis. They can provide new ideas for targeted treatment of osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Chen Chu
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Ting Cong
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Jian-Yu Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Lou
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xin Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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6
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Metformin Attenuates Slow-to-Fast Fiber Shift and Proteolysis Markers Increase in Rat Soleus after 7 Days of Rat Hindlimb Unloading. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010503. [PMID: 36613942 PMCID: PMC9820761 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle unloading leads to signaling alterations that cause muscle atrophy and weakness. The cellular energy sensor AMPK can regulate myofiber-type shift, calcium-dependent signaling and ubiquitin-proteasome system markers. We hypothesized that the prevention of p-AMPK downregulation during the first week of muscle unloading would impede atrophy development and the slow-to-fast shift of soleus muscle fibers, and the aim of the study was to test this hypothesis. Thirty-two male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups: placebo control (C), control rats treated with metformin (C + M), 7 days of hindlimb suspension (HS) + placebo (7HS), and 7 days of HS + metformin administration (7HS + M). In the soleus of the 7HS rats, we detected a slow-to-fast fiber-type shift as well as a significant downregulation of MEF-2D and p300 in the nuclei. In the 7HS group, we also found decreases in p-ACC (AMPK target) protein level and in the expression of E3 ubiquitin ligases and p-CaMK II protein level vs. the C group. The 7-day metformin treatment for soleus muscle unloading (1) prevented slow-to-fast fiber-type shift; (2) counteracted changes in the p-ACC protein level; (3) hindered changes in the nuclear protein level of the slow myosin expression activators MEF-2D and p300, but did not affect NFATc1 signaling; and (4) attenuated the unloading-induced upregulation of MuRF-1, atrogin-1, ubiquitin and myostatin mRNA expression, but did not prevent soleus muscle atrophy. Thus, metformin treatment during muscle disuse could be useful to prevent the decrease in the percentage of slow-type fatigue-resistant muscle fibers.
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7
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Li Y, Costiniti V, Souza Bomfim GH, Neginskaya M, Son GY, Rothermel B, Pavlov E, Lacruz RS. Overexpression of RCAN1, a Gene on Human Chromosome 21, Alters Cell Redox and Mitochondrial Function in Enamel Cells. Cells 2022; 11:3576. [PMID: 36429004 PMCID: PMC9688881 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulator of calcineurin (RCAN1) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Down syndrome (DS). Individuals with DS show dental abnormalities for unknown reasons, and RCAN1 levels have been found to be elevated in several tissues of DS patients. A previous microarray analysis comparing cells of the two main formative stages of dental enamel, secretory and maturation, showed a significant increase in RCAN1 expression in the latter. Because the function of RCAN1 during enamel formation is unknown, there is no mechanistic evidence linking RCAN1 with the dental anomalies in individuals with DS. We investigated the role of RCAN1 in enamel by overexpressing RCAN1 in the ameloblast cell line LS8 (LS8+RCAN1). We first confirmed that RCAN1 is highly expressed in maturation stage ameloblasts by qRT-PCR and used immunofluorescence to show its localization in enamel-forming ameloblasts. We then analyzed cell redox and mitochondrial bioenergetics in LS8+RCAN1 cells because RCAN1 is known to impact these processes. We show that LS8+RCAN1 cells have increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreased mitochondrial bioenergetics without changes in the expression of the complexes of the electron transport chain, or in NADH levels. However, LS8+RCAN1 cells showed elevated mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and decreased expression of several enamel genes essential for enamel formation. These results provide insight into the role of RCAN1 in enamel and suggest that increased RCAN1 levels in the ameloblasts of individuals with DS may impact enamel formation by altering both the redox environment and mitochondrial function, as well as decreasing the expression of enamel-specific genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Veronica Costiniti
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Guilherme H. Souza Bomfim
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Maria Neginskaya
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Ga-Yeon Son
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Beverly Rothermel
- Department of Internal Medicine and Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Evgeny Pavlov
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Rodrigo S. Lacruz
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010, USA
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Lerchenmüller C, Vujic A, Mittag S, Wang A, Rabolli CP, Heß C, Betge F, Rangrez AY, Chaklader M, Guillermier C, Gyngard F, Roh JD, Li H, Steinhauser ML, Frey N, Rothermel B, Dieterich C, Rosenzweig A, Lee RT. Restoration of Cardiomyogenesis in Aged Mouse Hearts by Voluntary Exercise. Circulation 2022; 146:412-426. [PMID: 35862076 PMCID: PMC9357140 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.057276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human heart has limited capacity to generate new cardiomyocytes and this capacity declines with age. Because loss of cardiomyocytes may contribute to heart failure, it is crucial to explore stimuli of endogenous cardiac regeneration to favorably shift the balance between loss of cardiomyocytes and the birth of new cardiomyocytes in the aged heart. We have previously shown that cardiomyogenesis can be activated by exercise in the young adult mouse heart. Whether exercise also induces cardiomyogenesis in aged hearts, however, is still unknown. Here, we aim to investigate the effect of exercise on the generation of new cardiomyocytes in the aged heart. METHODS Aged (20-month-old) mice were subjected to an 8-week voluntary running protocol, and age-matched sedentary animals served as controls. Cardiomyogenesis in aged hearts was assessed on the basis of 15N-thymidine incorporation and multi-isotope imaging mass spectrometry. We analyzed 1793 cardiomyocytes from 5 aged sedentary mice and compared these with 2002 cardiomyocytes from 5 aged exercised mice, followed by advanced histology and imaging to account for ploidy and nucleation status of the cell. RNA sequencing and subsequent bioinformatic analyses were performed to investigate transcriptional changes induced by exercise specifically in aged hearts in comparison with young hearts. RESULTS Cardiomyogenesis was observed at a significantly higher frequency in exercised compared with sedentary aged hearts on the basis of the detection of mononucleated/diploid 15N-thymidine-labeled cardiomyocytes. No mononucleated/diploid 15N-thymidine-labeled cardiomyocyte was detected in sedentary aged mice. The annual rate of mononucleated/diploid 15N-thymidine-labeled cardiomyocytes in aged exercised mice was 2.3% per year. This compares with our previously reported annual rate of 7.5% in young exercised mice and 1.63% in young sedentary mice. Transcriptional profiling of young and aged exercised murine hearts and their sedentary controls revealed that exercise induces pathways related to circadian rhythm, irrespective of age. One known oscillating transcript, however, that was exclusively upregulated in aged exercised hearts, was isoform 1.4 of regulator of calcineurin, whose regulation and functional role were explored further. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that voluntary running in part restores cardiomyogenesis in aged mice and suggest that pathways associated with circadian rhythm may play a role in physiologically stimulated cardiomyogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Lerchenmüller
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany.,Cardiology Division and Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ana Vujic
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Sonja Mittag
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany.,Cardiology Division and Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Annie Wang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Charles P. Rabolli
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,Cardiology Division and Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Chiara Heß
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fynn Betge
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ashraf Y. Rangrez
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Malay Chaklader
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Christelle Guillermier
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Center for NanoImaging and Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Cambridge, MA 02115, USA.,Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Frank Gyngard
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Center for NanoImaging and Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Cambridge, MA 02115, USA.,Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Jason D. Roh
- Cardiology Division and Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Haobo Li
- Cardiology Division and Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Matthew L. Steinhauser
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Center for NanoImaging and Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Cambridge, MA 02115, USA.,Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
| | - Norbert Frey
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Beverly Rothermel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA,Department of Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Christoph Dieterich
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anthony Rosenzweig
- Cardiology Division and Corrigan Minehan Heart Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Co-senior and co-corresponding authors who equally supervised the study: Anthony Rosenzweig, MD, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cardiology Division, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, , Tel: (617) 724-1430; Richard T. Lee, MD, Harvard University, Sherman Fairchild Building, Room 159, 7 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, , Tel: (617) 496-5394
| | - Richard T. Lee
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology and the Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Co-senior and co-corresponding authors who equally supervised the study: Anthony Rosenzweig, MD, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cardiology Division, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, , Tel: (617) 724-1430; Richard T. Lee, MD, Harvard University, Sherman Fairchild Building, Room 159, 7 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, , Tel: (617) 496-5394
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Liu C, Liu T, Lv Z, Qin M, Qu Z, Zhang Z, Li F, Chen D, Zhang X, Chen XL, Shen M. A Calcineurin Regulator MoRCN1 Is Important for Asexual Development, Stress Response, and Plant Infection of Magnaporthe oryzae. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:925645. [PMID: 35783935 PMCID: PMC9244802 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.925645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The calcium/calcineurin signaling pathway plays a key role in the development and virulence of plant pathogenic fungi, but the regulation of this signaling pathway is still not clear. In this study, we identified a calcineurin regulator MoRCN1 in the plant pathogenic fungus Magnaporthe oryzae and found it is important for virulence by regulating the calcineurin pathway. MoRCN1 deletion mutants were severely decreased in colony growth and conidia formation. More importantly, the deletion of MoRCN1 led to a significant reduction in virulence due to defects in appressorium formation and invasive growth. The ΔMorcn1 mutants were more sensitive to different stresses and induced host ROS accumulation, suggesting a role of MoRCN1 in stress adaptation. We found that MoRCN1 directly interacted with the calcineurin catalytic subunit MoCNA and affected its protein stability, which was therefore important for regulating the calcineurin pathway. Transcriptome analysis showed that MoRCN1 significantly activated 491 genes and suppressed 337 genes in response to calcium ion, partially overlapped with the MoCRZ1-bound genes. Gene Ontology and KEGG pathway analyses indicated that MoRCN1-regulated genes were enriched in stress adaptation, lipid metabolism, and secondary metabolite biosynthesis, reflecting a function of MoRCN1 in host cell adaptation. Altogether, these results suggest MoRCN1 functions as a regulator of the calcium/calcineurin signaling pathway for fungal development and infection of host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyun Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, College of Biology and Agricultural Resources, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tiangu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ziwei Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengyuan Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiguang Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ziwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fuyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Deng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinrong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mi Shen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization, College of Biology and Agricultural Resources, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, China
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10
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Fang X, Wang H, Tan X, Ye T, Xu Y, Fan J. Elevated Serum Regulator of Calcineurin 2 is Associated With an Increased Risk of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:840764. [PMID: 35370729 PMCID: PMC8967172 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.840764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The promoting effect of the regulator of calcineurin 2 (RCAN2) in hepatic steatosis has been observed in animal studies. However, the association of RCAN2 with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in humans remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the expression of RCAN2 in the liver of mice with hepatic steatosis and in the serum of NAFLD patients and to explore the relationship between serum RCAN2 levels and NAFLD. Methods: The mRNA and protein expression of RCAN2 were detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot. NAFLD was diagnosed by abdominal ultrasonography. Circulating RCAN2 levels were measured by ELISA kits. The relationship between serum RCAN2 levels and NAFLD was assessed. Results: qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis showed that compared with the corresponding controls, the mRNA and protein expression of RCAN2 were significantly increased in the liver tissues of db/db and mice on a high-fat diet. Serum RCAN2 levels were markedly elevated in NAFLD patients compared with non-NAFLD subjects. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that serum RCAN2 levels were significantly associated with NAFLD. Receiver operation characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that serum RCAN2 might act as a predictive biomarker for NAFLD [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.663, 95% CI = 0.623–0.702], and the serum RCAN2/(AST/ALT) ratio displayed improved predictive accuracy (AUC = 0.816, 95% CI = 0.785–0.846). Conclusion: Elevated serum RCAN2 levels were associated with an increased risk of NAFLD. Serum RCAN2, especially the serum RCAN2/(AST/ALT) ratio, might be a candidate diagnostic marker for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Fang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, China.,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Luzhou, China
| | - Hongya Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, China.,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiaozhen Tan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, China.,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Luzhou, China
| | - Ting Ye
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Metabolic Vascular Disease Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China.,Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, China.,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Luzhou, China
| | - Jiahao Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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11
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Wyart E, Hsu MY, Sartori R, Mina E, Rausch V, Pierobon ES, Mezzanotte M, Pezzini C, Bindels LB, Lauria A, Penna F, Hirsch E, Martini M, Mazzone M, Roetto A, Geninatti Crich S, Prenen H, Sandri M, Menga A, Porporato PE. Iron supplementation is sufficient to rescue skeletal muscle mass and function in cancer cachexia. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e53746. [PMID: 35199910 PMCID: PMC8982578 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202153746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cachexia is a wasting syndrome characterized by devastating skeletal muscle atrophy that dramatically increases mortality in various diseases, most notably in cancer patients with a penetrance of up to 80%. Knowledge regarding the mechanism of cancer-induced cachexia remains very scarce, making cachexia an unmet medical need. In this study, we discovered strong alterations of iron metabolism in the skeletal muscle of both cancer patients and tumor-bearing mice, characterized by decreased iron availability in mitochondria. We found that modulation of iron levels directly influences myotube size in vitro and muscle mass in otherwise healthy mice. Furthermore, iron supplementation was sufficient to preserve both muscle function and mass, prolong survival in tumor-bearing mice, and even rescues strength in human subjects within an unexpectedly short time frame. Importantly, iron supplementation refuels mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and energy production. Overall, our findings provide new mechanistic insights in cancer-induced skeletal muscle wasting, and support targeting iron metabolism as a potential therapeutic option for muscle wasting diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Wyart
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Myriam Y Hsu
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Roberta Sartori
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Erica Mina
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Valentina Rausch
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Elisa S Pierobon
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Gastroenterological Sciences, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Mariarosa Mezzanotte
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Camilla Pezzini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Laure B Bindels
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Andrea Lauria
- Department of Life Sciences and System Biology, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Fabio Penna
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Emilio Hirsch
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Miriam Martini
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Mazzone
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin, Italy.,Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Center for Cancer Biology (CCB), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie (VIB), Leuven, Belgium.,Laboratory of Tumor Inflammation and Angiogenesis, Department of Oncology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KUL), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Antonella Roetto
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Simonetta Geninatti Crich
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Hans Prenen
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium.,Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marco Sandri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Alessio Menga
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Paolo E Porporato
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
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12
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Decoding the Phosphatase Code: Regulation of Cell Proliferation by Calcineurin. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031122. [PMID: 35163061 PMCID: PMC8835043 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcineurin, a calcium-dependent serine/threonine phosphatase, integrates the alterations in intracellular calcium levels into downstream signaling pathways by regulating the phosphorylation states of several targets. Intracellular Ca2+ is essential for normal cellular physiology and cell cycle progression at certain critical stages of the cell cycle. Recently, it was reported that calcineurin is activated in a variety of cancers. Given that abnormalities in calcineurin signaling can lead to malignant growth and cancer, the calcineurin signaling pathway could be a potential target for cancer treatment. For example, NFAT, a typical substrate of calcineurin, activates the genes that promote cell proliferation. Furthermore, cyclin D1 and estrogen receptors are dephosphorylated and stabilized by calcineurin, leading to cell proliferation. In this review, we focus on the cell proliferative functions and regulatory mechanisms of calcineurin and summarize the various substrates of calcineurin. We also describe recent advances regarding dysregulation of the calcineurin activity in cancer cells. We hope that this review will provide new insights into the potential role of calcineurin in cancer development.
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13
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Zhang J, Chen H, Weng X, Liu H, Chen Z, Huang Q, Wang L, Liu X. RCAN1.4 attenuates renal fibrosis through inhibiting calcineurin-mediated nuclear translocation of NFAT2. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:317. [PMID: 34707090 PMCID: PMC8551295 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00713-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is thus deemed to a global health problem. Renal fibrosis, characterized by accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) components in the kidney, is considered a common pathway leading to CKD. Regulator of calcineurin1 (RCAN1), identified as a competitive endogenous inhibitor of the phosphatase calcineurin, participates in ECM deposition in various organs. However, the role of RCAN1 in renal fibrosis remains unclear. Here, unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), a well-known model to induce renal fibrosis in vivo, was performed on mice for a week. To overexpress RCAN1.4 in vivo, recombinant adeno-associated virus 9-packed RCAN1.4 over-expression plasm was employed in mice kidney. Lentivirus-packed RCAN1.4 over-expression plasm was employed to transfer into HK-2 and NRK-49F cells in vitro. The results indicated that RCAN1.4 expression was impaired both in UUO-induced renal fibrosis in vivo and TGF-β1-induced renal fibrosis in vitro. However, knocking in of RCAN1.4 suppressed the production of extracellular matrix (ECM) both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, in vitro, the apoptosis-related proteins, including the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and cleaved-caspase3, were elevated in cells transfected with RCAN1.4 overexpression plasmid. In addition, we found that RCAN1.4 could rugulated NFAT2 nuclear distribution by inhibiting calcineurin pathway. So overexpression of RCAN1.4 could reverse renal fibrosis, attenuate ECM related protein accumulation, promote apoptosis of myofibroblast via inhibiting Calcineurin/NFAT2 signaling pathway. Taken together, our study demonstrated that targeting RCAN1.4 may be therapeutic efficacy in renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjian Zhang
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaodong Weng
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Zhiyuan Chen
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Qin Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 430060, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.
| | - Xiuheng Liu
- Department of Urology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.
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14
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Kim SS, Lee EH, Shin JH, Seo SR. MAP kinase/ERK kinase 1 (MEK1) phosphorylates regulator of calcineurin 1 (RCAN1) to regulate neuronal differentiation. J Cell Physiol 2021; 237:1406-1417. [PMID: 34647615 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Regulator of calcineurin 1 (RCAN1) is located close to the Down syndrome critical region (DSCR) on human chromosome 21 and is related to the Down syndrome (DS) phenotype. To identify a novel binding partner of RCAN1, we performed yeast two-hybrid screening and identified mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) kinase 1 (MEK1) as a partner. MEK1 was able to bind and phosphorylate RCAN1 in vitro and in vivo. MEK1-dependent RCAN1 phosphorylation caused an increase in RCAN1 expression by increasing the protein half-life. Nerve growth factor (NGF)-dependent activation of the MEK1 pathway consistently induced RCAN1 expression. Moreover, we found that RCAN1 overexpression inhibited NGF-induced neurite outgrowth and expression of neuronal marker genes, such as growth cone-associated protein 43 (GAP43) and synapsin I, via inhibition of MEK1-ERK1/2 pathways. Our findings provide evidence that MEK1-dependent RCAN1 phosphorylation acts as an important molecular mechanism in the control of neuronal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Sook Kim
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hye Lee
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hak Shin
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Ryeon Seo
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
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15
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SPATA33 localizes calcineurin to the mitochondria and regulates sperm motility in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2106673118. [PMID: 34446558 PMCID: PMC8536318 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2106673118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcineurin is a target of immunosuppressive drugs such as cyclosporine A and tacrolimus. In the immune system, calcineurin interacts with NFAT via the PxIxIT motif to activate T cells. In contrast, little is known about the proteins that interact with a testis-enriched calcineurin that is essential for sperm motility and male fertility. Here, we discovered that calcineurin interacts with SPATA33 via a PQIIIT sequence in the testis. Further analyses reveal that SPATA33 plays critical roles in sperm motility and male fertility. Our finding sheds new light on the molecular mechanisms of sperm motility regulation and the etiology of human male fertility. Furthermore, it may help us not only understand reproductive toxicities but also develop nonhormonal male contraceptives. Calcineurin is a calcium-dependent phosphatase that plays roles in a variety of biological processes including immune responses. In spermatozoa, there is a testis-enriched calcineurin composed of PPP3CC and PPP3R2 (sperm calcineurin) that is essential for sperm motility and male fertility. Because sperm calcineurin has been proposed as a target for reversible male contraceptives, identifying proteins that interact with sperm calcineurin widens the choice for developing specific inhibitors. Here, by screening the calcineurin-interacting PxIxIT consensus motif in silico and analyzing the function of candidate proteins through the generation of gene-modified mice, we discovered that SPATA33 interacts with sperm calcineurin via a PQIIIT sequence. Spata33 knockout mice exhibit reduced sperm motility because of an inflexible midpiece, leading to impaired male fertility, which phenocopies Ppp3cc and Ppp3r2 knockout mice. Further analysis reveals that sperm calcineurin disappears from the mitochondria in the Spata33 knockout testis. In addition, immunoprecipitation analysis indicates that sperm calcineurin interacts with not only SPATA33 but also the mitochondrial protein VDAC2. These results indicate that SPATA33 localizes calcineurin to the mitochondria and regulates sperm motility.
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16
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Choi C, Park J, Kim H, Chang KT, Park J, Min KT. DSCR1 upregulation enhances dural meningeal lymphatic drainage to attenuate amyloid pathology of Alzheimer's disease. J Pathol 2021; 255:296-310. [PMID: 34312845 DOI: 10.1002/path.5767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Highly developed meningeal lymphatics remove waste products from the brain. Disruption of meningeal lymphatic vessels in a mouse model of amyloid pathology (5XFAD) accelerates the accumulation of amyloid plaques in the meninges and brain, and causes learning and memory deficits, suggesting that clearance of toxic wastes by lymphatic vessels plays a key role in neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we discovered that DSCR1 (Down syndrome critical region 1, known also as RCAN1, regulator of calcineurin 1) facilitates the drainage of waste products by increasing the coverage of dorsal meningeal lymphatic vessels. Furthermore, upregulation of DSCR1 in 5XFAD mice diminishes Aβ pathology in the brain and improves memory defects. Surgical ligation of cervical lymphatic vessels afferent to dcLN blocks the beneficial effects of DSCR1 on Aβ accumulation and cognitive function. Interestingly, intracerebroventricular delivery of AAV1-DSCR1 to 5XFAD mice is sufficient to rebuild the meningeal lymphatic system and re-establish cognitive performance. Collectively, our data indicate that DSCR1 facilitates the growth of dorsal meningeal lymphatics to improve drainage efficiency and protect against Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathologies, further highlighting that improving meningeal lymphatic function is a feasible treatment strategy for AD. © 2021 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiyeol Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Information and Biotechnology, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Information and Biotechnology, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyerin Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Information and Biotechnology, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Karen T Chang
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jiyoung Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Information and Biotechnology, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Tai Min
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Information and Biotechnology, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
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17
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Huang B, Jiang Z, Wu S, Wu H, Zhang X, Chen J, Zhao F, Liu J. RCAN1.4 suppresses the osteosarcoma growth and metastasis via interfering with the calcineurin/NFAT signaling pathway. J Bone Oncol 2021; 30:100383. [PMID: 34336566 PMCID: PMC8318905 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2021.100383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein level of RCAN1.4 in osteosarcoma specimens was lower than that of chondroma. RCAN1.4 loss promoted osteosarcoma growth, migration and invasion. RCAN1.4-calcineurin/NFAT pathway regulated the osteosarcoma growth and metastasis.
Calcipressin-1, also known as a regulator of calcineurin 1 (RCAN1), is one of the families of endogenous regulators of calcineurin activation and can specifically constrain the activity of calcineurin, but its function in osteosarcoma is still unknown. Firstly, we examined the protein level of RCAN1 in osteosarcoma specimens was lower than that of chondroma specimens. RCAN1.4 rather than RCAN1.1 had a higher endogenous protein level in six osteosarcoma cell lines by western blot. Further, we created stable RCAN1.4-deficient 143B and Hos cells using CRISPR-Cas9. RCAN1.4 loss promoted tumor growth in subcutaneous xenograft models. RCAN1.4 knockdown promoted tumor metastases to the lungs using intravenous metastasis models. Furthermore, we found that higher activity of calcineurin in RCAN1.4-deficient cells enhanced the nuclear translocation of NFATc1 to induce the cyclin D1 and MMPs expression. In addition, RCAN1.4 overexpression restrained osteosarcoma cell growth and invasion and inhibited the activity of calcineurin. Finally, we discovered that conditioned medium (20%) derived from RCAN1.4-deficient cells significantly promoted osteoclastogenesis, indicating Receptor Activator of Nuclear factor κB (RANK) signaling activation during osteosarcoma metastasis. In conclusion, RCAN1.4 may be a potential therapeutic target for osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Zenghui Jiang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Saishuang Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Xuyang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Fengdong Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Junhui Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, PR China
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18
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Lane BM, Murray S, Benson K, Bierzynska A, Chryst-Stangl M, Wang L, Wu G, Cavalleri G, Doyle B, Fennelly N, Dorman A, Conlon S, Vega-Warner V, Fermin D, Vijayan P, Qureshi MA, Shril S, Barua M, Hildebrandt F, Pollak M, Howell D, Sampson MG, Saleem M, Conlon PJ, Spurney R, Gbadegesin R. A Rare Autosomal Dominant Variant in Regulator of Calcineurin Type 1 ( RCAN1) Gene Confers Enhanced Calcineurin Activity and May Cause FSGS. J Am Soc Nephrol 2021; 32:1682-1695. [PMID: 33863784 PMCID: PMC8425665 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2020081234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Podocyte dysfunction is the main pathologic mechanism driving the development of FSGS and other morphologic types of steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS). Despite significant progress, the genetic causes of most cases of SRNS have yet to be identified. METHODS Whole-genome sequencing was performed on 320 individuals from 201 families with familial and sporadic NS/FSGS with no pathogenic mutations in any known NS/FSGS genes. RESULTS Two variants in the gene encoding regulator of calcineurin type 1 (RCAN1) segregate with disease in two families with autosomal dominant FSGS/SRNS. In vitro, loss of RCAN1 reduced human podocyte viability due to increased calcineurin activity. Cells expressing mutant RCAN1 displayed increased calcineurin activity and NFAT activation that resulted in increased susceptibility to apoptosis compared with wild-type RCAN1. Treatment with GSK-3 inhibitors ameliorated this elevated calcineurin activity, suggesting the mutation alters the balance of RCAN1 regulation by GSK-3β, resulting in dysregulated calcineurin activity and apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest mutations in RCAN1 can cause autosomal dominant FSGS. Despite the widespread use of calcineurin inhibitors in the treatment of NS, genetic mutations in a direct regulator of calcineurin have not been implicated in the etiology of NS/FSGS before this report. The findings highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting RCAN1 regulatory molecules, such as GSK-3β, in the treatment of FSGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon M. Lane
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Susan Murray
- Irish Kidney Gene Project, Department of Genetics, Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Katherine Benson
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Agnieszka Bierzynska
- Department of Pediatrics, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children and University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Megan Chryst-Stangl
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Liming Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Guanghong Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Gianpiero Cavalleri
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Brendan Doyle
- Department of Pathology, Beaumont General Hospital, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Neil Fennelly
- Department of Pathology, Beaumont General Hospital, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Anthony Dorman
- Department of Pathology, Beaumont General Hospital, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Shane Conlon
- Irish Kidney Gene Project, Department of Genetics, Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | | | - Damian Fermin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Poornima Vijayan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto and Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohammad Azfar Qureshi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto and Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shirlee Shril
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard University Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Moumita Barua
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto and Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Friedhelm Hildebrandt
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard University Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Martin Pollak
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Hospital and Harvard University Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - David Howell
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Matthew G. Sampson
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard University Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Moin Saleem
- Department of Pediatrics, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children and University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J. Conlon
- Irish Kidney Gene Project, Department of Genetics, Royal College of Surgeons of Ireland, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Beaumont General Hospital, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Robert Spurney
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Rasheed Gbadegesin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
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Novel Identified Circular Transcript of RCAN2, circ-RCAN2, Shows Deviated Expression Pattern in Pig Reperfused Infarcted Myocardium and Hypoxic Porcine Cardiac Progenitor Cells In Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031390. [PMID: 33573240 PMCID: PMC7866528 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are crucial in gene regulatory networks and disease development, yet circRNA expression in myocardial infarction (MI) is poorly understood. Here, we harvested myocardium samples from domestic pigs 3 days after closed-chest reperfused MI or sham surgery. Cardiac circRNAs were identified by RNA-sequencing of rRNA-depleted RNA from infarcted and healthy myocardium tissue samples. Bioinformatics analysis was performed using the CIRIfull and KNIFE algorithms, and circRNAs identified with both algorithms were subjected to differential expression (DE) analysis and validation by qPCR. Circ-RCAN2 and circ-C12orf29 expressions were significantly downregulated in infarcted tissue compared to healthy pig heart. Sanger sequencing was performed to identify the backsplice junctions of circular transcripts. Finally, we compared the expressions of circ-C12orf29 and circ-RCAN2 between porcine cardiac progenitor cells (pCPCs) that were incubated in a hypoxia chamber for different time periods versus normoxic pCPCs. Circ-C12orf29 did not show significant DE in vitro, whereas circ-RCAN2 exhibited significant ischemia-time-dependent upregulation in hypoxic pCPCs. Overall, our results revealed novel cardiac circRNAs with DE patterns in pCPCs, and in infarcted and healthy myocardium. Circ-RCAN2 exhibited differential regulation by myocardial infarction in vivo and by hypoxia in vitro. These results will improve our understanding of circRNA regulation during acute MI.
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20
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Papathanasiou M, Tsiftsoglou SA, Polyzos AP, Papadopoulou D, Valakos D, Klagkou E, Karagianni P, Pliatska M, Talianidis I, Agelopoulos M, Thanos D. Identification of a dynamic gene regulatory network required for pluripotency factor-induced reprogramming of mouse fibroblasts and hepatocytes. EMBO J 2021; 40:e102236. [PMID: 33034061 PMCID: PMC7780151 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019102236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from somatic cells provides an excellent model to study mechanisms of transcription factor-induced global alterations of the epigenome and genome function. Here, we have investigated the early transcriptional events of cellular reprogramming triggered by the co-expression of Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and mouse hepatocytes (mHeps). In this analysis, we identified a gene regulatory network composed of nine transcriptional regulators (9TR; Cbfa2t3, Gli2, Irf6, Nanog, Ovol1, Rcan1, Taf1c, Tead4, and Tfap4), which are directly targeted by OSKM, in vivo. Functional studies using single and double shRNA knockdowns of any of these factors caused disruption of the network and dramatic reductions in reprogramming efficiency, indicating that this network is essential for the induction and establishment of pluripotency. We demonstrate that the stochastic co-expression of 9TR network components occurs in a remarkably small number of cells, approximating the percentage of terminally reprogrammed cells as a result of dynamic molecular events. Thus, the early DNA-binding patterns of OSKM and the subsequent probabilistic co-expression of essential 9TR components in subpopulations of cells undergoing reprogramming steer the reconstruction of a gene regulatory network marking the transition to pluripotency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Maria Pliatska
- Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of AthensAthensGreece
| | | | | | - Dimitris Thanos
- Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of AthensAthensGreece
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21
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The role of MAP-kinase p38 in the m. soleus slow myosin mRNA transcription regulation during short-term functional unloading. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 695:108622. [PMID: 33053365 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The unloading of postural muscles leads to the changes in myosins heavy chains isoforms (MyHCs) mRNAs transcription pattern, that cause severe alterations of muscle functioning. Several transcription factors such as NFATc1 and TEAD1 upregulate slow MyHC mRNA transcription, and p38 MAP kinase can phosphorylate NFAT and TEAD1, causing their inactivation. However, the role p38 MAP kinase plays in MyHCs mRNAs transcription regulation in postural soleus muscle during unloading remains unclear. We aimed to investigate whether pharmacological inhibition of p38 MAPK during rat soleus unloading would prevent the unloading-induced slow-type MyHC mRNA transcription decrease by affecting calcineurin/NFATc1 or TEAD1 signaling. Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to three groups: cage control (C), 3-day hindlimb suspended group (3HS) and 3-day hindlimb suspended group with the daily oral supplementation of 10 mg/kg p38 MAPK inhibitor VX-745 (3HS + VX-745). 3 days of hindlimb suspension caused the significant decreases of slow MyHC and slow-tonic myh7b mRNAs transcription as well as the decrease of NFATc1-dependent MCIP1.4 mRNA transcription in rat soleus muscles compared to the cage control. P38 MAP-kinase inhibition during hindlimb suspension completely prevented slow MyHC mRNA content decrease and partially prevented slow-tonic myh7b and MCIP1.4 mRNAs transcription decreases compared to the 3HS group. We also observed NFATc1 and TEAD1 myonuclear contents increases in the 3HS + VX-745 group compared to both 3HS and C groups (p < 0.05). Therefore, we found that p38 inhibition counteracts the unloading-induced slow MyHC mRNA transcription downregulation and leads to the activation of calcineurin/NFAT signaling cascade in unloaded rat soleus muscles.
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22
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Lee SK, Ahnn J. Regulator of Calcineurin (RCAN): Beyond Down Syndrome Critical Region. Mol Cells 2020; 43:671-685. [PMID: 32576715 PMCID: PMC7468584 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2020.0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulator of calcineurin (RCAN) was first reported as a novel gene called DSCR1, encoded in a region termed the Down syndrome critical region (DSCR) of human chromosome 21. Genome sequence comparisons across species using bioinformatics revealed three members of the RCAN gene family, RCAN1, RCAN2, and RCAN3, present in most jawed vertebrates, with one member observed in most invertebrates and fungi. RCAN is most highly expressed in brain and striated muscles, but expression has been reported in many other tissues, as well, including the heart and kidneys. Expression levels of RCAN homologs are responsive to external stressors such as reactive oxygen species, Ca2+, amyloid β, and hormonal changes and upregulated in pathological conditions, including Alzheimer's disease, cardiac hypertrophy, diabetes, and degenerative neuropathy. RCAN binding to calcineurin, a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent phosphatase, inhibits calcineurin activity, thereby regulating different physiological events via dephosphorylation of important substrates. Novel functions of RCANs have recently emerged, indicating involvement in mitochondria homeostasis, RNA binding, circadian rhythms, obesity, and thermogenesis, some of which are calcineurin-independent. These developments suggest that besides significant contributions to DS pathologies and calcineurin regulation, RCAN is an important participant across physiological systems, suggesting it as a favorable therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Kyung Lee
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Joohong Ahnn
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
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Shenkman BS. How Postural Muscle Senses Disuse? Early Signs and Signals. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5037. [PMID: 32708817 PMCID: PMC7404025 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A mammalian soleus muscle along with other "axial" muscles ensures the stability of the body under the Earth's gravity. In rat experiments with hindlimb suspension, zero-gravity parabolic flights as well as in human dry immersion studies, a dramatic decrease in the electromyographic (EMG) activity of the soleus muscle has been repeatedly shown. Most of the motor units of the soleus muscle convert from a state of activity to a state of rest which is longer than under natural conditions. And the state of rest gradually converts to the state of disuse. This review addresses a number of metabolic events that characterize the earliest stage of the cessation of the soleus muscle contractile activity. One to three days of mechanical unloading are accompanied by energy-dependent dephosphorylation of AMPK, accumulation of the reactive oxygen species, as well as accumulation of resting myoplasmic calcium. In this transition period, a rapid rearrangement of the various signaling pathways occurs, which, primarily, results in a decrease in the rate of protein synthesis (primarily via inhibition of ribosomal biogenesis and activation of endogenous inhibitors of mRNA translation, such as GSK3β) and an increase in proteolysis (via upregulation of muscle-specific E3-ubiquitin ligases).
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris S Shenkman
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems RAS, 123007 Moscow, Russia
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24
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Sharlo KA, Paramonova II, Lvova ID, Vilchinskaya NA, Bugrova AE, Shevchenko TF, Kalamkarov GR, Shenkman BS. NO-Dependent Mechanisms of Myosin Heavy Chain Transcription Regulation in Rat Soleus Muscle After 7-Days Hindlimb Unloading. Front Physiol 2020; 11:814. [PMID: 32754051 PMCID: PMC7366496 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
It is known that nitric oxide (NO) may affect myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoform mRNA transcription in skeletal muscles. The content of NO in soleus muscles decreases during rat hindlimb unloading as well as slow MyHC mRNA transcription. We aimed to detect which signaling pathways are involved in NO-dependent prevention of hindlimb-suspension (HS)-induced changes in MyHCs’ expression pattern. Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: cage control group (C), hindlimb suspended for 7 days (7HS), hindlimb suspended for 7 days with L-arginine administration (7HS+A) (500 mg/kg body mass), and hindlimb suspended for 7 days with both L-arginine (500 mg/kg) and NO-synthase inhibitor L-NAME administration (50 mg/kg) (7HS+A+N). L-arginine treatment during 7 days of rat HS prevented HS-induced NO content decrease and slow MyHC mRNA transcription decrease and attenuated fast MyHC IIb mRNA transcription increase; it also prevented NFATc1 nuclear content decrease, calsarcin-2 expression increase, and GSK-3β Ser 9 phosphorylation decrease. Moreover, L-arginine administration prevented the HS-induced myh7b and PGC1α mRNAs content decreases and slow-type genes repressor SOX6 mRNA transcription increase. All these slow fiber-type protective effects of L-arginine were blocked in HS+A+N group, indicating that these effects were NO-dependent. Thus, NO decrease prevention during HS restores calcineurin/NFATc1 and myh7b/SOX6 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina A Sharlo
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Inna I Paramonova
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina D Lvova
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia A Vilchinskaya
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna E Bugrova
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana F Shevchenko
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Grigoriy R Kalamkarov
- Neurochemistry Laboratory, Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Boris S Shenkman
- Myology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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25
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Li Y, Sheftic SR, Grigoriu S, Schwieters CD, Page R, Peti W. The structure of the RCAN1:CN complex explains the inhibition of and substrate recruitment by calcineurin. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/27/eaba3681. [PMID: 32936779 PMCID: PMC7458460 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba3681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Regulator of calcineurin 1 (RCAN1) is an endogenous inhibitor of the Ser/Thr phosphatase calcineurin (CN). It has been shown that excessive inhibition of CN is a critical factor for Down syndrome and Alzheimer's disease. Here, we determined RCAN1's mode of action. Using a combination of structural, biophysical, and biochemical studies, we show that RCAN1 inhibits CN via multiple routes: first, by blocking essential substrate recruitment sites and, second, by blocking the CN active site using two distinct mechanisms. We also show that phosphorylation either inhibits RCAN1-CN assembly or converts RCAN1 into a weak inhibitor, which can be reversed by CN via dephosphorylation. This highlights the interplay between posttranslational modifications in regulating CN activity. Last, this work advances our understanding of how active site inhibition of CN can be achieved in a highly specific manner. Together, these data provide the necessary road map for targeting multiple neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1041 E. Lowell St., Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Sarah R Sheftic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1041 E. Lowell St., Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Simina Grigoriu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, 185 Meeting St., Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Charles D Schwieters
- Imaging Sciences Laboratory, Center for Information Technology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rebecca Page
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1041 E. Lowell St., Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Wolfgang Peti
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1041 E. Lowell St., Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
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26
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Growth hormone increases regulator of calcineurin 1-4 (Rcan1-4) mRNA through c-JUN in rat liver. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235270. [PMID: 32589657 PMCID: PMC7319343 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) activates multiple signal transduction pathways. To investigate these pathways, we identified novel genes whose transcription was induced by GH in the liver of hypophysectomized (HPX) rats using the suppression subtractive hybridization technique. We found that regulator of calcineurin 1 (Rcan1) mRNA was upregulated by GH administration. RCAN1 regulates the activity of calcineurin, a Ca/calmodulin-dependent phosphatase. Rcan1 encodes two major transcripts, Rcan1-1 and Rcan1-4, resulting from differential promoter use and first exon choice. We found that a single injection of GH increased the levels of Rcan1-4 mRNA and RCAN1-4 protein transiently, but did not increase Rcan1-1 mRNA in HPX rat liver. Then the molecular mechanism of GH to induce Rcan1-4 transcription was examined in rat hepatoma H4IIE cells. Experiments using inhibitors suggested that c-JUN N-terminal kinase was required for the induction of Rcan1-4 mRNA by GH. GH increased the levels of phosphorylated c-JUN protein and c-Jun mRNA in HPX rat liver. The luciferase and electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that c-JUN upregulated Rcan1-4 mRNA by binding to the cAMP-responsive element in the upstream of Rcan1 exon 4. These results indicate that GH activates c-JUN to affect the activity of calcineurin by the induction of Rcan1-4 in rat liver.
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The RCAN1.4-calcineurin/NFAT signaling pathway is essential for hypoxic adaption of intervertebral discs. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:865-875. [PMID: 32467610 PMCID: PMC7272636 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-0441-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcipressin-1, also known as regulator of calcineurin 1 (RCAN1), can specifically bind calcineurin at or near the calcineurin A catalytic domain and downregulate calcineurin activity. However, whether RCAN1 affects the hypoxic intervertebral disc (IVD) phenotype through the calcineurin/NFAT signaling pathway remains unclear. First, we confirmed the characteristics of the degenerative nucleus pulposus (NP) by H&E, safranin O/fast green and Alcian blue staining, and detected increased RCAN1 levels in the degenerative NP by immunohistochemistry. Then, we demonstrated that the protein level of RCAN1.4 was higher than that of RCAN1.1 and progressively elevated from the control group to the Pfirrmann grade V group. In vitro, both hypoxia (1% O2) and overexpression of HIF-1α reduced the protein level of RCAN1.4 in rat NP cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. We further found that miRNA-124, through a nondegradative pathway (without the proteasome or lysosome), suppressed the expression of RCAN1.4. As expected, calcineurin in NP cells was activated and primarily promoted nuclear translocation of NFATc1 under hypoxia or RCAN1.4 siRNA transfection. Furthermore, SOX9, type II collagen and MMP13 were elevated under hypoxia, RCAN1.4 siRNA transfection or NFATc1 overexpression. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and a luciferase reporter assay (with mutation), we clarified that NFATc1 increasingly bound the SOX9 promotor region (bp −367~−357). Interaction of HIF-1α and NFATc1 promoted MMP13 transcription. Finally, we found that FK506 reversed hypoxia-induced activation of the calcineurin/NFAT signaling pathway in NP cells and an ex vivo model. Together, these findings show that the RCAN1.4-calcineurin/NFAT signaling pathway has a vital role in the hypoxic phenotype of NP cells. RCAN1.4 might be a therapeutic target for degenerative disc diseases. Treatments targeting a protein that is overexpressed in damaged spinal cartilage could ease degenerative conditions associated with lower back pain. The intervertebral discs are complex cartilage tissues that absorb forces while allowing the motion of our spines. An immune-promoting enzyme called calcineurin is important in maintaining the supple, gel-like structure of the central part of each disc, the nucleus pulposus (NP). Fendong Zhao and Jian Chen at Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou, China and co-workers showed that RCAN1.4, a protein known to suppress calcineurin, is overexpressed in damaged human NPs. The team further revealed how a signaling pathway starting with RCAN1.4 suppresses key genes involved in forming the collagen fibers that hold the NP together. They therefore suggest that therapies targeting this protein could benefit patients suffering from disc degeneration diseases.
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Dou A, Fang J. Cyclosporine Broadens the Therapeutic Potential of Lenalidomide in Myeloid Malignancies. JOURNAL OF CELLULAR IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 2:237-244. [PMID: 32984863 PMCID: PMC7518522 DOI: 10.33696/immunology.2.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The immunomodulatory drug lenalidomide is used for the treatment of certain hematologic malignancies, including myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Lenalidomide interacts with cereblon (CRBN), a component of the CRL4CRBN E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, leading to ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of substrates, such as transcription factor Ikaros (Ikaros family zinc finger 1, IKZF1). With a genome loss of function screen, we recently identified two novel pathways mediated by lenalidomide in MDS. In this review, we summarized the major findings of these two pathways and their clinical implications. Depletion of G protein-coupled receptor 68 (GPR68) or an endogenous calcineurin (CaN) inhibitor, regulator of calcineurin 1 (RCAN1), reversed the inhibitory effect of lenalidomide on MDSL cells, an MDS cell line. Intriguingly, both GPR68 and RCAN1 expression levels were upregulated in MDSL cells after treatment with lenalidomide that was dependent on diminishment of IKZF1, indicating that IKZF1 functioned as a transcription repressor for GPR68 and RCAN1. Mechanistic studies revealed that upregulation or activation of GPR68 induced a Ca2+/calpain pro-apoptotic pathway, while upregulation of RCAN1 inhibited the CaN pro-survival pathway in MDSL cells. Notably, the pharmacological CaN inhibitor, cyclosporine, enhanced the sensitivity to lenalidomide in MDS as well as acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Surprisingly, pretreatment with lenalidomide reversed the immunosuppressive effects of cyclosporine on T lymphocytes. Our studies suggest that lenalidomide mediates degradation of IKZF1, leading to derepression of GPR68 and RCAN1 that activates the Ca2+/calpain pro- apoptotic pathway and inhibits the CaN pro-survival pathway, respectively. Our studies implicate that cyclosporine extends the therapeutic potential of lenalidomide to myeloid malignancies without compromising immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aixia Dou
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina College of Pharmacy, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Jing Fang
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina College of Pharmacy, Columbia, SC, USA
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Wei X, Li H, Zhang Y, Li C, Li K, Ai K, Yang J. Ca2+–Calcineurin Axis–Controlled NFAT Nuclear Translocation Is Crucial for Optimal T Cell Immunity in an Early Vertebrate. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 204:569-585. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Myers MJ, Shepherd DL, Durr AJ, Stanton DS, Mohamed JS, Hollander JM, Alway SE. The role of SIRT1 in skeletal muscle function and repair of older mice. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2019; 10:929-949. [PMID: 31197980 PMCID: PMC6711423 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) is a NAD+ sensitive deacetylase that has been linked to longevity and has been suggested to confer beneficial effects that counter aging-associated deterioration. Muscle repair is dependent upon satellite cell function, which is reported to be reduced with aging; however, it is not known if this is linked to an aging-suppression of SIRT1. This study tested the hypothesis that Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) overexpression would increase the extent of muscle repair and muscle function in older mice. METHODS We examined satellite cell dependent repair in tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius, and soleus muscles of 13 young wild-type mice (20-30 weeks) and 49 older (80+ weeks) mice that were controls (n = 13), overexpressed SIRT1 in skeletal muscle (n = 14), and had a skeletal muscle SIRT1 knockout (n = 12) or a satellite cell SIRT1 knockout (n = 10). Acute muscle injury was induced by injection of cardiotoxin (CTX), and phosphate-buffered saline was used as a vector control. Plantarflexor muscle force and fatigue were evaluated before or 21 days after CTX injection. Satellite cell proliferation and mitochondrial function were also evaluated in undamaged muscles. RESULTS Maximal muscle force was significantly lower in control muscles of older satellite cell knockout SIRT1 mice compared to young adult wild-type (YWT) mice (P < 0.001). Mean contraction force at 40 Hz stimulation was significantly greater after recovery from CTX injury in older mice that overexpressed muscle SIRT1 than age-matched SIRT1 knockout mice (P < 0.05). SIRT1 muscle knockout models (P < 0.05) had greater levels of p53 (P < 0.05 MKO, P < 0.001 OE) in CTX-damaged tissues as compared to YWT CTX mice. SIRT1 overexpression with co-expression of p53 was associated with increased fatigue resistance and increased force potentiation during repeated contractions as compared to wild-type or SIRT1 knockout models (P < 0.001). Muscle structure and mitochondrial function were not different between the groups, but proliferation of satellite cells was significantly greater in older mice with SIRT1 muscle knockout (P < 0.05), but not older SIRT1 satellite cell knockout models, in vitro, although this effect was attenuated in vivo after 21 days of recovery. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest skeletal muscle structure, function, and recovery after CTX-induced injury are not significantly influenced by gain or loss of SIRT1 abundance alone in skeletal muscle; however, muscle function is impaired by ablation of SIRT1 in satellite cells. SIRT1 appears to interact with p53 to improve muscle fatigue resistance after repair from muscle injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Myers
- Laboratory of Muscle Biology and SarcopeniaWest Virginia University School of MedicineMorgantownUSA
| | - Danielle L. Shepherd
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory SciencesWest Virginia University School of MedicineMorgantownUSA
| | - Andrya J. Durr
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory SciencesWest Virginia University School of MedicineMorgantownUSA
| | - David S. Stanton
- Laboratory of Muscle Biology and SarcopeniaWest Virginia University School of MedicineMorgantownUSA
| | - Junaith S. Mohamed
- Laboratory of Muscle Biology and SarcopeniaWest Virginia University School of MedicineMorgantownUSA
- Laboratory of Nerve and Muscle, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health ProfessionsUniversity of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisUSA
| | - John M. Hollander
- Division of Exercise Physiology and Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory SciencesWest Virginia University School of MedicineMorgantownUSA
| | - Stephen E. Alway
- Laboratory of Muscle Biology and SarcopeniaWest Virginia University School of MedicineMorgantownUSA
- Laboratory of Muscle Biology and Sarcopenia, Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health ProfessionsUniversity of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisUSA
- Department of Physiology, College of MedicineUniversity of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisUSA
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Polidovitch N, Yang S, Sun H, Lakin R, Ahmad F, Gao X, Turnbull PC, Chiarello C, Perry CG, Manganiello V, Yang P, Backx PH. Phosphodiesterase type 3A (PDE3A), but not type 3B (PDE3B), contributes to the adverse cardiac remodeling induced by pressure overload. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 132:60-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Pan XY, You HM, Wang L, Bi YH, Yang Y, Meng HW, Meng XM, Ma TT, Huang C, Li J. Methylation of RCAN1.4 mediated by DNMT1 and DNMT3b enhances hepatic stellate cell activation and liver fibrogenesis through Calcineurin/NFAT3 signaling. Theranostics 2019; 9:4308-4323. [PMID: 31285763 PMCID: PMC6599664 DOI: 10.7150/thno.32710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Liver fibrosis is characterized by extensive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) components in the liver. RCAN1 (regulator of calcineurin 1), an endogenous inhibitor of calcineurin (CaN), is required for ECM synthesis during hypertrophy of various organs. However, the functional role of RCAN1 in liver fibrogenesis has not yet been addressed. Methods: We induced experimental liver fibrosis in mice by intraperitoneal injection of 10 % CCl4 twice a week. To investigate the functional role of RCAN1.4 in the progression of liver fibrosis, we specifically over-expressed RCAN1.4 in mice liver using rAAV8-packaged RCAN1.4 over-expression plasmid. Following the establishment of the fibrotic mouse model, primary hepatic stellate cells were isolated. Subsequently, we evaluated the effect of RCAN1.4 on hepatic fibrogenesis, hepatic stellate cell activation, and cell survival. The biological role and signaling events for RCAN1 were analyzed by protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Bisulfite sequencing PCR (BSP) was used to predict the methylated CpG islands in the RCAN1.4 gene promoter. We used the chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP assay) to investigate DNA methyltransferases which induced decreased expression of RCAN1.4 in liver fibrosis. Results: Two isoforms of RCAN1 protein were expressed in CCl4-induced liver fibrosis mouse model and HSC-T6 cells cultured with transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1). RCAN1 isoform 4 (RCAN1.4) was selectively down-regulated in vivo and in vitro. The BSP analysis indicated the presence of two methylated sites in RCAN1.4 promoter and the downregulated RCAN1.4 expression levels could be restored by 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-azadC) and DNMTs-RNAi transfection in vitro. ChIP assay was used to demonstrate that the decreased RCAN1.4 expression was associated with DNMT1 and DNMT3b. Furthermore, we established a CCl4-induced liver fibrosis mouse model by injecting the recombinant adeno-associated virus-packaged RCAN1.4 (rAAV8-RCAN1.4) over-expression plasmid through the tail vein. Liver- specific-over-expression of RAN1.4 led to liver function recovery and alleviated ECM deposition. The key protein (a member of the NFAT family of proteins) identified on PPI network data was analyzed in vivo and in vitro. Our results demonstrated that RCAN1.4 over-expression alleviates, whereas its knockdown exacerbates, TGF-β1-induced liver fibrosis in vitro in a CaN/NFAT3 signaling-dependent manner. Conclusions: RCAN1.4 could alleviate liver fibrosis through inhibition of CaN/NFAT3 signaling, and the anti-fibrosis function of RCAN1.4 could be blocked by DNA methylation mediated by DNMT1 and DNMT3b. Thus, RCAN1.4 may serve as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-yin Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University
- The key laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune medicines, Ministry of Education
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University
| | - Hong-mei You
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University
- The key laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune medicines, Ministry of Education
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University
| | - Ling Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University
- The key laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune medicines, Ministry of Education
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University
| | - Yi-hui Bi
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University
- The key laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune medicines, Ministry of Education
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University
| | - Yang Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University
- The key laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune medicines, Ministry of Education
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University
| | - Hong-wu Meng
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University
- The key laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune medicines, Ministry of Education
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University
| | - Xiao-ming Meng
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University
- The key laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune medicines, Ministry of Education
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University
| | - Tao-tao Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University
- The key laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune medicines, Ministry of Education
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University
| | - Cheng Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University
- The key laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune medicines, Ministry of Education
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University
| | - Jun Li
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University
- The key laboratory of Anti-inflammatory of Immune medicines, Ministry of Education
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University
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Delikkaya B, Moriel N, Tong M, Gallucci G, de la Monte SM. Altered expression of insulin-degrading enzyme and regulator of calcineurin in the rat intracerebral streptozotocin model and human apolipoprotein E-ε4-associated Alzheimer's disease. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 11:392-404. [PMID: 31193223 PMCID: PMC6522644 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadm.2019.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study assesses insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) and regulator of calcineurin 1 (RCAN1) as potential mediators of brain insulin deficiency and neurodegeneration in experimental and human Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS Temporal lobes from Long Evans rats treated with intracerebral streptozotocin or vehicle and postmortem frontal lobes from humans with normal aging AD (Braak 0-2), moderate (Braak 3-4) AD, or advanced (Braak 5-6) AD were used to measure IDE and RCAN mRNA and protein. RESULTS Intracerebral streptozotocin significantly increased IDE and RCAN mRNA and protein. In humans with apolipoprotein E (ApoE) ε3/ε4 or ε4/ε4 and AD, IDE was elevated at Braak 3-4, but at Braak 5-6, IDE expression was significantly reduced. RCAN1 mRNA was similarly reduced in ApoE ε4+ patients with moderate or severe AD, whereas RCAN1 protein declined with the severity of AD and ApoE ε4 dose. DISCUSSION The findings suggest that IDE and RCAN1 differentially modulate brain insulin signaling in relation to AD severity and ApoE genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Büşra Delikkaya
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Natalia Moriel
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ming Tong
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA,Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Gina Gallucci
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Suzanne M. de la Monte
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA,Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA,Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA,Corresponding author. Tel.: +401-444-7364; Fax: +401-444-2939.
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Kurabayashi N, Nguyen MD, Sanada K. Triple play of DYRK1A kinase in cortical progenitor cells of Trisomy 21. Neurosci Res 2019; 138:19-25. [PMID: 30227164 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 08/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) also known as Trisomy 21 is a genetic disorder that occurs in ∼1 in 800 live births. The disorder is caused by the triplication of all or part of human chromosome 21 and therefore, is thought to arise from the increased dosage of genes found within chromosome 21. The manifestations of the disease include among others physical growth delays and intellectual disability. A prominent anatomical feature of DS is the microcephaly that results from altered brain development. Recent studies using mouse models of DS have shed new light on DYRK1A (dual-specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A), a gene located on human chromosome 21 that plays a critical role in neocortical development. The present review summarizes effects of the increased dosage of DYRK1A on the proliferative, neurogenic and astrogliogenic potentials of cortical neural progenitor cells, and relates these findings to the clinical manifestations of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Kurabayashi
- Molecular Genetics Research Laboratory, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Minh Dang Nguyen
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Departments of Clinical Neurosciences, Cell Biology & Anatomy, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, HMR 151, Calgary, Alberta T2N4N1, Canada
| | - Kamon Sanada
- Molecular Genetics Research Laboratory, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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Gildart M, Kapiloff MS, Dodge-Kafka KL. Calcineurin-AKAP interactions: therapeutic targeting of a pleiotropic enzyme with a little help from its friends. J Physiol 2018; 598:3029-3042. [PMID: 30488951 PMCID: PMC7586300 DOI: 10.1113/jp276756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitous Ca2+ /calmodulin-dependent phosphatase calcineurin is a key regulator of pathological cardiac hypertrophy whose therapeutic targeting in heart disease has been elusive due to its role in other essential biological processes. Calcineurin is targeted to diverse intracellular compartments by association with scaffold proteins, including by multivalent A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) that bind protein kinase A and other important signalling enzymes determining cardiac myocyte function and phenotype. Calcineurin anchoring by AKAPs confers specificity to calcineurin function in the cardiac myocyte. Targeting of calcineurin 'signalosomes' may provide a rationale for inhibiting the phosphatase in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moriah Gildart
- Calhoun Center for Cardiology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Michael S Kapiloff
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Byers Eye Institute and Spencer Center for Vision Research, Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Kimberly L Dodge-Kafka
- Calhoun Center for Cardiology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
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Conditional deletion of Rcan1 predisposes to hypertension-mediated intramural hematoma and subsequent aneurysm and aortic rupture. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4795. [PMID: 30442942 PMCID: PMC6237779 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07071-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aortic intramural hematoma (IMH) can evolve toward reabsorption, dissection or aneurysm. Hypertension is the most common predisposing factor in IMH and aneurysm patients, and the hypertensive mediator angiotensin-II induces both in mice. We have previously shown that constitutive deletion of Rcan1 isoforms prevents Angiotensin II-induced aneurysm in mice. Here we generate mice conditionally lacking each isoform or all isoforms in vascular smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, or ubiquitously, to determine the contribution to aneurysm development of Rcan1 isoforms in vascular cells. Surprisingly, conditional Rcan1 deletion in either vascular cell-type induces a hypercontractile phenotype and aortic medial layer disorganization, predisposing to hypertension-mediated aortic rupture, IMH, and aneurysm. These processes are blocked by ROCK inhibition. We find that Rcan1 associates with GSK-3β, whose inhibition decreases myosin activation. Our results identify potential therapeutic targets for intervention in IMH and aneurysm and call for caution when interpreting phenotypes of constitutively and inducibly deficient mice.
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Georgieva ER. Non-Structural Proteins from Human T-cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 in Cellular Membranes-Mechanisms for Viral Survivability and Proliferation. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113508. [PMID: 30413005 PMCID: PMC6274929 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the causative agent of illnesses, such as adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma, myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (a neurodegenerative disorder), and other diseases. Therefore, HTLV-1 infection is a serious public health concern. Currently, diseases caused by HTLV-1 cannot be prevented or cured. Hence, there is a pressing need to comprehensively understand the mechanisms of HTLV-1 infection and intervention in host cell physiology. HTLV-1-encoded non-structural proteins that reside and function in the cellular membranes are of particular interest, because they alter cellular components, signaling pathways, and transcriptional mechanisms. Summarized herein is the current knowledge about the functions of the membrane-associated p8I, p12I, and p13II regulatory non-structural proteins. p12I resides in endomembranes and interacts with host proteins on the pathways of signal transduction, thus preventing immune responses to the virus. p8I is a proteolytic product of p12I residing in the plasma membrane, where it contributes to T-cell deactivation and participates in cellular conduits, enhancing virus transmission. p13II associates with the inner mitochondrial membrane, where it is proposed to function as a potassium channel. Potassium influx through p13II in the matrix causes membrane depolarization and triggers processes that lead to either T-cell activation or cell death through apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elka R Georgieva
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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38
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Rotter D, Peiris H, Grinsfelder DB, Martin AM, Burchfield J, Parra V, Hull C, Morales CR, Jessup CF, Matusica D, Parks BW, Lusis AJ, Nguyen NUN, Oh M, Iyoke I, Jakkampudi T, McMillan DR, Sadek HA, Watt MJ, Gupta RK, Pritchard MA, Keating DJ, Rothermel BA. Regulator of Calcineurin 1 helps coordinate whole-body metabolism and thermogenesis. EMBO Rep 2018; 19:embr.201744706. [PMID: 30389725 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201744706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing non-shivering thermogenesis (NST), which expends calories as heat rather than storing them as fat, is championed as an effective way to combat obesity and metabolic disease. Innate mechanisms constraining the capacity for NST present a fundamental limitation to this approach, yet are not well understood. Here, we provide evidence that Regulator of Calcineurin 1 (RCAN1), a feedback inhibitor of the calcium-activated protein phosphatase calcineurin (CN), acts to suppress two distinctly different mechanisms of non-shivering thermogenesis (NST): one involving the activation of UCP1 expression in white adipose tissue, the other mediated by sarcolipin (SLN) in skeletal muscle. UCP1 generates heat at the expense of reducing ATP production, whereas SLN increases ATP consumption to generate heat. Gene expression profiles demonstrate a high correlation between Rcan1 expression and metabolic syndrome. On an evolutionary timescale, in the context of limited food resources, systemic suppression of prolonged NST by RCAN1 might have been beneficial; however, in the face of caloric abundance, RCAN1-mediated suppression of these adaptive avenues of energy expenditure may now contribute to the growing epidemic of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Rotter
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Heshan Peiris
- Department of Human Physiology and Centre for Neuroscience, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - D Bennett Grinsfelder
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Alyce M Martin
- Department of Human Physiology and Centre for Neuroscience, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jana Burchfield
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Valentina Parra
- Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Faculty of Medicine, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS) and Center for Exercise Metabolism and Cancer (CEMC), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Christi Hull
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Cyndi R Morales
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Claire F Jessup
- Department of Anatomy and Histology and Centre for Neuroscience, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Dusan Matusica
- Department of Anatomy and Histology and Centre for Neuroscience, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Brian W Parks
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ngoc Uyen Nhi Nguyen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Misook Oh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Israel Iyoke
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Tanvi Jakkampudi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - D Randy McMillan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Children's Medical Centre, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Hesham A Sadek
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Matthew J Watt
- The Department of Physiology and Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Metabolic Disease and Obesity Program, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
| | - Rana K Gupta
- Touchstone Diabetes Center and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Melanie A Pritchard
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Damien J Keating
- Department of Human Physiology and Centre for Neuroscience, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia .,South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Beverly A Rothermel
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA .,Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Centre, Dallas, TX, USA
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Tarasova EO, Gaydukov AE, Balezina OP. Calcineurin and Its Role in Synaptic Transmission. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2018; 83:674-689. [PMID: 30195324 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297918060056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Calcineurin (CaN) is a serine/threonine phosphatase widely expressed in different cell types and structures including neurons and synapses. The most studied role of CaN is its involvement in the functioning of postsynaptic structures of central synapses. The role of CaN in the presynaptic structures of central and peripheral synapses is less understood, although it has generated a considerable interest and is a subject of a growing number of studies. The regulatory role of CaN in synaptic vesicle endocytosis in the synapse terminals is actively studied. In recent years, new targets of CaN have been identified and its role in the regulation of enzymes and neurotransmitter secretion in peripheral neuromuscular junctions has been revealed. CaN is the only phosphatase that requires calcium and calmodulin for activation. In this review, we present details of CaN molecular structure and give a detailed description of possible mechanisms of CaN activation involving calcium, enzymes, and endogenous and exogenous inhibitors. Known and newly discovered CaN targets at pre- and postsynaptic levels are described. CaN activity in synaptic structures is discussed in terms of functional involvement of this phosphatase in synaptic transmission and neurotransmitter release.
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Affiliation(s)
- E O Tarasova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - A E Gaydukov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Moscow, 119991, Russia. .,Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - O P Balezina
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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40
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Vásquez-Navarrete J, Martínez AD, Ory S, Baéz-Matus X, González-Jamett AM, Brauchi S, Caviedes P, Cárdenas AM. RCAN1 Knockdown Reverts Defects in the Number of Calcium-Induced Exocytotic Events in a Cellular Model of Down Syndrome. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:189. [PMID: 30034324 PMCID: PMC6043644 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, Down Syndrome (DS) is a condition caused by partial or full trisomy of chromosome 21. Genes present in the DS critical region can result in excess gene dosage, which at least partially can account for DS phenotype. Although regulator of calcineurin 1 (RCAN1) belongs to this region and its ectopic overexpression in neurons impairs transmitter release, synaptic plasticity, learning and memory, the relative contribution of RCAN1 in a context of DS has yet to be clarified. In the present work, we utilized an in vitro model of DS, the CTb neuronal cell line derived from the brain cortex of a trisomy 16 (Ts16) fetal mouse, which reportedly exhibits acetylcholine release impairments compared to CNh cells (a neuronal cell line established from a normal littermate). We analyzed single exocytotic events by using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM) and the vesicular acetylcholine transporter fused to the pH-sensitive green fluorescent protein (VAChT-pHluorin) as a reporter. Our analyses showed that, compared with control CNh cells, the trisomic CTb cells overexpress RCAN1, and they display a reduced number of Ca2+-induced exocytotic events. Remarkably, RCAN1 knockdown increases the extent of exocytosis at levels comparable to those of CNh cells. These results support a critical contribution of RCAN1 to the exocytosis process in the trisomic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Vásquez-Navarrete
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Agustín D Martínez
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Stéphane Ory
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS UPR 3212), Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives (INCI), Strasbourg, France
| | - Ximena Baéz-Matus
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Arlek M González-Jamett
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Sebastián Brauchi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Pablo Caviedes
- Programa de Farmacología Molecular y Clínica, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería (CeBiB), Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Biotecnología y Materiales, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ana M Cárdenas
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
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Pang Z, Junkins RD, Raudonis R, MacNeil AJ, McCormick C, Cheng Z, Lin TJ. Regulator of calcineurin 1 differentially regulates TLR-dependent MyD88 and TRIF signaling pathways. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197491. [PMID: 29799862 PMCID: PMC5969770 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognize the conserved molecular patterns in microorganisms and trigger myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88) and/or TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β (TRIF) pathways that are critical for host defense against microbial infection. However, the molecular mechanisms that govern TLR signaling remain incompletely understood. Regulator of calcineurin-1 (RCAN1), a small evolutionarily conserved protein that inhibits calcineurin phosphatase activity, suppresses inflammation during Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Here, we define the roles for RCAN1 in P. aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated TLR4 signaling. We compared the effects of P. aeruginosa LPS challenge on bone marrow-derived macrophages from both wild-type and RCAN1-deficient mice and found that RCAN1 deficiency increased the MyD88-NF-κB-mediated cytokine production (IL-6, TNF and MIP-2), whereas TRIF-interferon-stimulated response elements (ISRE)-mediated cytokine production (IFNβ, RANTES and IP-10) was suppressed. RCAN1 deficiency caused increased IκBα phosphorylation and NF-κB activity in the MyD88-dependent pathway, but impaired ISRE activation and reduced IRF7 expression in the TRIF-dependent pathway. Complementary studies of a mouse model of P. aeruginosa LPS-induced acute pneumonia confirmed that RCAN1-deficient mice displayed greatly enhanced NF-κB activity and MyD88-NF-κB-mediated cytokine production, which correlated with enhanced pulmonary infiltration of neutrophils. By contrast, RCAN1 deficiency had little effect on the TRIF pathway in vivo. These findings demonstrate a novel regulatory role of RCAN1 in TLR signaling, which differentially regulates MyD88 and TRIF pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Pang
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Robert D. Junkins
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Renee Raudonis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Adam J. MacNeil
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Craig McCormick
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Zhenyu Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Tong-Jun Lin
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Beatrice Hunter Cancer Research Institute, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- * E-mail:
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42
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You JS, Dooley MS, Kim CR, Kim EJ, Xu W, Goodman CA, Hornberger TA. A DGKζ-FoxO-ubiquitin proteolytic axis controls fiber size during skeletal muscle remodeling. Sci Signal 2018; 11:11/530/eaao6847. [PMID: 29764991 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aao6847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle rapidly remodels in response to various stresses, and the resulting changes in muscle mass profoundly influence our health and quality of life. We identified a diacylglycerol kinase ζ (DGKζ)-mediated pathway that regulated muscle mass during remodeling. During mechanical overload, DGKζ abundance was increased and required for effective hypertrophy. DGKζ not only augmented anabolic responses but also suppressed ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS)-dependent proteolysis. We found that DGKζ inhibited the transcription factor FoxO that promotes the induction of the UPS. This function was mediated through a mechanism that was independent of kinase activity but dependent on the nuclear localization of DGKζ. During denervation, DGKζ abundance was also increased and was required for mitigating the activation of FoxO-UPS and the induction of atrophy. Conversely, overexpression of DGKζ prevented fasting-induced atrophy. Therefore, DGKζ is an inhibitor of the FoxO-UPS pathway, and interventions that increase its abundance could prevent muscle wasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Sung You
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA. .,Department of Comparative Biosciences in the School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 601 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Matthew S Dooley
- Department of Comparative Biosciences in the School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Chan-Ran Kim
- Department of Comparative Biosciences in the School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Eui-Jun Kim
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Wei Xu
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Craig A Goodman
- Department of Comparative Biosciences in the School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA.,College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria 8001, Australia.,Institute for Sport, Exercise and Active Living, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria 8001, Australia.,Australian Institute of Musculoskeletal Science, Victoria University, St. Albans, Victoria 3021, Australia
| | - Troy A Hornberger
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA. .,Department of Comparative Biosciences in the School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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High-Amplitude Circadian Rhythms in Drosophila Driven by Calcineurin-Mediated Post-translational Control of sarah. Genetics 2018; 209:815-828. [PMID: 29724861 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.118.300808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational control is a crucial mechanism for circadian timekeeping. Evolutionarily conserved kinases and phosphatases have been implicated in circadian phosphorylation and the degradation of clock-relevant proteins, which sustain high-amplitude rhythms with 24-hr periodicity in animal behaviors and physiology. Here, we report a novel clock function of the heterodimeric Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent phosphatase calcineurin and its regulator sarah (sra) in Drosophila Genomic deletion of the sra locus dampened circadian locomotor activity rhythms in free-running constant dark after entrainment in light-dark cycles. Poor rhythms in sra mutant behaviors were accompanied by lower expression of two oscillating clock proteins, PERIOD (PER) and TIMELESS (TIM), at the post-transcriptional level. RNA interference-mediated sra depletion in circadian pacemaker neurons was sufficient to phenocopy loss-of-function mutation in sra On the other hand, a constitutively active form of the catalytic calcineurin subunit, Pp2B-14DACT, shortened circadian periodicity in locomotor behaviors and phase-advanced PER and TIM rhythms when overexpressed in clock neurons. Heterozygous sra deletion induced behavioral arrhythmicity in Pp2B-14DACT flies, whereas sra overexpression rescued short periods in these animals. Finally, pharmacological inhibition of calcineurin in either wild-type flies or clock-less S2 cells decreased the levels of PER and TIM, likely by facilitating their proteasomal degradation. Taken together, these data suggest that sra negatively regulates calcineurin by cell-autonomously titrating calcineurin-dependent stabilization of PER and TIM proteins, thereby sustaining high-amplitude behavioral rhythms in Drosophila.
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Licastro F, Chiappelli M, Porcellini E, Trabucchi M, Marocchi A, Corsi M. Altered Vessel Signalling Molecules in Subjects with Down's Syndrome. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/205873920601900118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Down's syndrome (DS) is the most frequent human chromosomal abnormality and is associated with mental retardation. Some evidence indicates that certain inflammatory molecules may be increased in DS. Proinflammatory and vasoactive molecules in the blood of non demented subjects with DS were measured in the present investigation. Plasma levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and C reactive protein (CRP) were measured in child (2–14 years), adult (20–50 yrs) and elderly (> 60 yrs) DS subjects. Increased plasma levels of IL-6 and MCP-1 were present in DS. Plasma levels of VEGF were increased only in DS adults. Positive linear correlation between IL-6 and MCP-1 levels was present. However, no subclinical inflammation was apparent in DS, since neopterin and CRP levels were within the normal range. An altered regulation of these molecules might interfere with some processes involved in cognitive performances of DS subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Licastro
- Department of Experimental Pathology, University of Bologna
| | - M. Chiappelli
- Department of Experimental Pathology, University of Bologna
| | - E. Porcellini
- Department of Experimental Pathology, University of Bologna
| | - M. Trabucchi
- Geriatric Research Group, Brescia, University of Bologna
| | - A. Marocchi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hospital Niguarda Ca Granda, Milan
| | - M.M. Corsi
- Institute of General Pathology, Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, University of Milan, Italy
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RCAN1 Mutation and Functional Characterization in Children with Sporadic Congenital Heart Disease. Pediatr Cardiol 2018; 39:226-235. [PMID: 28993896 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-017-1746-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most frequent birth defect. RCAN1 (regulator of calcineurin 1) contributes to CHD in Down syndrome. However, whether RCAN1 is also associated with nonsyndromic CHD remains unclear. This study sequenced the exons and flanking region of RCAN1 in 128 sporadic CHD patients and 150 normal controls. We identified six novel heterozygous mutations in CHD patients. Functional assay showed that the g.482G>T could obviously raise the promoter activity of RCAN1.4 in vitro; However, we failed to detect the expression of RCAN1 in the right auricle, which made it confused to evaluate the pathogenicity of this mutation. In addition, we demonstrated that c.290T>C and g.1056+58C>A had no effect on the alternative splicing of RCAN1. The *196C>T, *790G>A, and *1278C>G did not influence the translation of RCAN1 post transcription. In conclusion, a novel mutation of g.482G>T in RCAN1 may be related to CHD by causing overexpression of RCAN1.4.
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Parra V, Altamirano F, Hernández-Fuentes CP, Tong D, Kyrychenko V, Rotter D, Pedrozo Z, Hill JA, Eisner V, Lavandero S, Schneider JW, Rothermel BA. Down Syndrome Critical Region 1 Gene, Rcan1, Helps Maintain a More Fused Mitochondrial Network. Circ Res 2018; 122:e20-e33. [PMID: 29362227 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.311522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The regulator of calcineurin 1 (RCAN1) inhibits CN (calcineurin), a Ca2+-activated protein phosphatase important in cardiac remodeling. In humans, RCAN1 is located on chromosome 21 in proximity to the Down syndrome critical region. The hearts and brains of Rcan1 KO mice are more susceptible to damage from ischemia/reperfusion (I/R); however, the underlying cause is not known. OBJECTIVE Mitochondria are key mediators of I/R damage. The goal of these studies was to determine the impact of RCAN1 on mitochondrial dynamics and function. METHODS AND RESULTS Using both neonatal and isolated adult cardiomyocytes, we show that, when RCAN1 is depleted, the mitochondrial network is more fragmented because of increased CN-dependent activation of the fission protein, DRP1 (dynamin-1-like). Mitochondria in RCAN1-depleted cardiomyocytes have reduced membrane potential, O2 consumption, and generation of reactive oxygen species, as well as a reduced capacity for mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. RCAN1-depleted cardiomyocytes were more sensitive to I/R; however, pharmacological inhibition of CN, DRP1, or CAPN (calpains; Ca2+-activated proteases) restored protection, suggesting that in the absence of RCAN1, CAPN-mediated damage after I/R is greater because of a decrease in the capacity of mitochondria to buffer cytoplasmic Ca2+. Increasing RCAN1 levels by adenoviral infection was sufficient to enhance fusion and confer protection from I/R. To examine the impact of more modest, and biologically relevant, increases in RCAN1, we compared the mitochondrial network in induced pluripotent stem cells derived from individuals with Down syndrome to that of isogenic, disomic controls. Mitochondria were more fused, and O2 consumption was greater in the trisomic induced pluripotent stem cells; however, coupling efficiency and metabolic flexibility were compromised compared with disomic induced pluripotent stem cells. Depletion of RCAN1 from trisomic induced pluripotent stem cells was sufficient to normalize mitochondrial dynamics and function. CONCLUSIONS RCAN1 helps maintain a more interconnected mitochondrial network, and maintaining appropriate RCAN1 levels is important to human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Parra
- From the Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases and Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine (V.P., C.P.H.-F., Z.P., S.L.) and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine (Z.P.), University of Chile, Santiago; Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology (V.P., F.A., D.T., V.K., D.R., Z.P., J.A.H., S.L., J.W.S., B.A.R.) and Department of Molecular Biology (V.K., J.A.H., B.A.R.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago (V.E.).
| | - Francisco Altamirano
- From the Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases and Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine (V.P., C.P.H.-F., Z.P., S.L.) and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine (Z.P.), University of Chile, Santiago; Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology (V.P., F.A., D.T., V.K., D.R., Z.P., J.A.H., S.L., J.W.S., B.A.R.) and Department of Molecular Biology (V.K., J.A.H., B.A.R.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago (V.E.)
| | - Carolina P Hernández-Fuentes
- From the Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases and Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine (V.P., C.P.H.-F., Z.P., S.L.) and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine (Z.P.), University of Chile, Santiago; Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology (V.P., F.A., D.T., V.K., D.R., Z.P., J.A.H., S.L., J.W.S., B.A.R.) and Department of Molecular Biology (V.K., J.A.H., B.A.R.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago (V.E.)
| | - Dan Tong
- From the Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases and Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine (V.P., C.P.H.-F., Z.P., S.L.) and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine (Z.P.), University of Chile, Santiago; Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology (V.P., F.A., D.T., V.K., D.R., Z.P., J.A.H., S.L., J.W.S., B.A.R.) and Department of Molecular Biology (V.K., J.A.H., B.A.R.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago (V.E.)
| | - Victoriia Kyrychenko
- From the Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases and Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine (V.P., C.P.H.-F., Z.P., S.L.) and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine (Z.P.), University of Chile, Santiago; Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology (V.P., F.A., D.T., V.K., D.R., Z.P., J.A.H., S.L., J.W.S., B.A.R.) and Department of Molecular Biology (V.K., J.A.H., B.A.R.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago (V.E.)
| | - David Rotter
- From the Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases and Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine (V.P., C.P.H.-F., Z.P., S.L.) and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine (Z.P.), University of Chile, Santiago; Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology (V.P., F.A., D.T., V.K., D.R., Z.P., J.A.H., S.L., J.W.S., B.A.R.) and Department of Molecular Biology (V.K., J.A.H., B.A.R.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago (V.E.)
| | - Zully Pedrozo
- From the Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases and Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine (V.P., C.P.H.-F., Z.P., S.L.) and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine (Z.P.), University of Chile, Santiago; Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology (V.P., F.A., D.T., V.K., D.R., Z.P., J.A.H., S.L., J.W.S., B.A.R.) and Department of Molecular Biology (V.K., J.A.H., B.A.R.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago (V.E.)
| | - Joseph A Hill
- From the Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases and Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine (V.P., C.P.H.-F., Z.P., S.L.) and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine (Z.P.), University of Chile, Santiago; Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology (V.P., F.A., D.T., V.K., D.R., Z.P., J.A.H., S.L., J.W.S., B.A.R.) and Department of Molecular Biology (V.K., J.A.H., B.A.R.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago (V.E.)
| | - Verónica Eisner
- From the Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases and Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine (V.P., C.P.H.-F., Z.P., S.L.) and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine (Z.P.), University of Chile, Santiago; Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology (V.P., F.A., D.T., V.K., D.R., Z.P., J.A.H., S.L., J.W.S., B.A.R.) and Department of Molecular Biology (V.K., J.A.H., B.A.R.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago (V.E.)
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- From the Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases and Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine (V.P., C.P.H.-F., Z.P., S.L.) and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine (Z.P.), University of Chile, Santiago; Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology (V.P., F.A., D.T., V.K., D.R., Z.P., J.A.H., S.L., J.W.S., B.A.R.) and Department of Molecular Biology (V.K., J.A.H., B.A.R.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago (V.E.)
| | - Jay W Schneider
- From the Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases and Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine (V.P., C.P.H.-F., Z.P., S.L.) and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine (Z.P.), University of Chile, Santiago; Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology (V.P., F.A., D.T., V.K., D.R., Z.P., J.A.H., S.L., J.W.S., B.A.R.) and Department of Molecular Biology (V.K., J.A.H., B.A.R.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago (V.E.)
| | - Beverly A Rothermel
- From the Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases and Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine (V.P., C.P.H.-F., Z.P., S.L.) and Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine (Z.P.), University of Chile, Santiago; Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology (V.P., F.A., D.T., V.K., D.R., Z.P., J.A.H., S.L., J.W.S., B.A.R.) and Department of Molecular Biology (V.K., J.A.H., B.A.R.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago (V.E.).
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García-Redondo AB, Esteban V, Briones AM, Díaz Del Campo LS, González-Amor M, Méndez-Barbero N, Campanero MR, Redondo JM, Salaices M. Regulator of calcineurin 1 modulates vascular contractility and stiffness through the upregulation of COX-2-derived prostanoids. Pharmacol Res 2018; 133:236-249. [PMID: 29309904 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) derived-prostanoids participate in the altered vascular function and mechanical properties in cardiovascular diseases. We investigated whether regulator of calcineurin 1 (Rcan1) participates in vascular contractility and stiffness through the regulation of COX-2. For this, wild type (Rcan1+/+) and Rcan1-deficient (Rcan1-/-) mice untreated or treated with the COX-2 inhibitor rofecoxib were used. Vascular function and structure were analysed by myography. COX-2 and phospo-p65 expression were studied by western blotting and immunohistochemistry and TXA2 production by ELISA. We found that Rcan1 deficiency increases COX-2 and IL-6 expression and NF-κB activation in arteries and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). Adenoviral-mediated re-expression of Rcan1.4 in Rcan1-/- VSMC normalized COX-2 expression. Phenylephrine-induced vasoconstrictor responses were greater in aorta from Rcan1-/- compared to Rcan1+/+ mice. This increased response were diminished by etoricoxib, furegrelate, SQ 29548, cyclosporine A and parthenolide, inhibitors of COX-2, TXA2 synthase, TP receptors, calcineurin and NF-κB, respectively. Endothelial removal and NOS inhibition increased phenylephrine responses only in Rcan1+/+ mice. TXA2 levels were greater in Rcan1-/- mice. In small mesenteric arteries, vascular function and structure were similar in both groups of mice; however, vessels from Rcan1-/- mice displayed an increase in vascular stiffness that was diminished by rofecoxib. In conclusion, our results suggest that Rcan1 might act as endogenous negative modulator of COX-2 expression and activity by inhibiting calcineurin and NF-kB pathways to maintain normal contractility and vascular stiffness in aorta and small mesenteric arteries, respectively. Our results uncover a new role for Rcan1 in vascular contractility and mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana B García-Redondo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Spain
| | - Vanesa Esteban
- Gene Regulation in Cardiovascular Remodeling and Inflammation Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigación Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana M Briones
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Spain.
| | - Lucía S Díaz Del Campo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - María González-Amor
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nerea Méndez-Barbero
- Gene Regulation in Cardiovascular Remodeling and Inflammation Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel R Campanero
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Spain; Departmento de Biología del Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan M Redondo
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Spain; Gene Regulation in Cardiovascular Remodeling and Inflammation Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Salaices
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Spain.
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Haramizu S, Asano S, Butler DC, Stanton DA, Hajira A, Mohamed JS, Alway SE. Dietary resveratrol confers apoptotic resistance to oxidative stress in myoblasts. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 50:103-115. [PMID: 29053994 PMCID: PMC5694367 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
High levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to muscle cell death in aging and disuse. We have previously found that resveratrol can reduce oxidative stress in response to aging and hindlimb unloading in rodents in vivo, but it was not known if resveratrol would protect muscle stem cells during repair or regeneration when oxidative stress is high. To test the protective role of resveratrol on muscle stem cells directly, we treated the C2C12 mouse myoblast cell line with moderate (100 μM) or very high (1 mM) levels of H2O2 in the presence or absence of resveratrol. The p21 promoter activity declined in myoblasts in response to high ROS, and this was accompanied a greater nuclear to cytoplasmic translocation of p21 in a dose-dependent matter in myoblasts as compared to myotubes. Apoptosis, as indicated by TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling, was greater in C2C12 myoblasts as compared to myotubes (P<.05) after treatment with H2O2. Caspase-9, -8 and -3 activities were elevated significantly (P<.05) in myoblasts treated with H2O2. Myoblasts were more susceptible to ROS-induced oxidative stress than myotubes. We treated C2C12 myoblasts with 50 μM of resveratrol for periods up to 48 h to determine if myoblasts could be rescued from high-ROS-induced apoptosis by resveratrol. Resveratrol reduced the apoptotic index and significantly reduced the ROS-induced caspase-9, -8 and -3 activity in myoblasts. Furthermore, Bcl-2 and the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio were partially rescued in myoblasts by resveratrol treatment. Similarly, muscle stem cells isolated from mouse skeletal muscles showed reduced Sirt1 protein abundance with H2O2 treatment, but this could be reversed by resveratrol. Reduced apoptotic susceptibility in myoblasts as compared to myotubes to ROS is regulated, at least in part, by enhanced p21 promoter activity and nuclear p21 location in myotubes. Resveratrol confers further protection against ROS by improving Sirt1 levels and increasing antioxidant production, which reduces mitochondrial associated apoptotic signaling, and cell death in myoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Haramizu
- Laboratory of Muscle Biology and Sarcopenia, Dept. Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV
| | - Shinichi Asano
- Laboratory of Muscle Biology and Sarcopenia, Dept. Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV
| | - David C Butler
- Laboratory of Muscle Biology and Sarcopenia, Dept. Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV
| | - David A Stanton
- Laboratory of Muscle Biology and Sarcopenia, Dept. Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV
| | - Ameena Hajira
- Laboratory of Muscle Biology and Sarcopenia, Dept. Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV
| | - Junaith S Mohamed
- Laboratory of Muscle Biology and Sarcopenia, Dept. Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV
| | - Stephen E Alway
- Laboratory of Muscle Biology and Sarcopenia, Dept. Exercise Physiology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV.
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Peiris H, Keating DJ. The neuronal and endocrine roles of RCAN1 in health and disease. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2017; 45:377-383. [PMID: 29094385 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The regulator of calcineurin 1 (RCAN1) was first discovered as a gene located on human chromosome 21, expressed in neurons and overexpressed in the brains of Down syndrome individuals. Increased expression of RCAN1 has been linked with not only Down syndrome-associated pathology but also an associated neurological disorder, Alzheimer's Disease, in which neuronal RCAN1 expression is also increased. RCAN1 has additionally been demonstrated to affect other cell types including endocrine cells, with links to the pathogenesis of β-cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes. The primary functions of RCAN1 relate to the inhibition of the phosphatase calcineurin, and to the regulation of mitochondrial function. Various forms of cellular stress such as reactive oxygen species and hyperglycaemia cause transient increases in RCAN1 expression. The short term (hours to days) induction of RCAN1 expression is generally thought to have a protective effect by regulating the expression of pro-survival genes in multiple cell types, many of which are mediated via the calcineurin/NFAT transcriptional pathway. However, strong evidence also supports the notion that chronic (weeks-years) overexpression of RCAN1 has a detrimental effect on cells and that this may drive pathophysiological changes in neurons and endocrine cells linked to Down syndrome, Alzheimer's Disease and type 2 diabetes. Here we review the evidence related to these roles of RCAN1 in neurons and endocrine cells and their relationship to these human health disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heshan Peiris
- College of Medicine and Public Health and Centre for Neuroscience, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Damien J Keating
- College of Medicine and Public Health and Centre for Neuroscience, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) inhibits inflammatory signaling via expression of regulator of calcineurin activity 1 (RCAN1). Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 143:107-117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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