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Sealover NE, Theard PT, Hughes JM, Linke AJ, Daley BR, Kortum RL. In situ modeling of acquired resistance to RTK/RAS-pathway-targeted therapies. iScience 2024; 27:108711. [PMID: 38226159 PMCID: PMC10788224 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Intrinsic and acquired resistance limit the window of effectiveness for oncogene-targeted cancer therapies. Here, we describe an in situ resistance assay (ISRA) that reliably models acquired resistance to RTK/RAS-pathway-targeted therapies across cell lines. Using osimertinib resistance in EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) as a model system, we show that acquired osimertinib resistance can be significantly delayed by inhibition of proximal RTK signaling using SHP2 inhibitors. Isolated osimertinib-resistant populations required SHP2 inhibition to resensitize cells to osimertinib and reduce MAPK signaling to block the effects of enhanced activation of multiple parallel RTKs. We additionally modeled resistance to targeted therapies including the KRASG12C inhibitors adagrasib and sotorasib, the MEK inhibitor trametinib, and the farnesyl transferase inhibitor tipifarnib. These studies highlight the tractability of in situ resistance assays to model acquired resistance to targeted therapies and provide a framework for assessing the extent to which synergistic drug combinations can target acquired drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy E. Sealover
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Patricia T. Theard
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jacob M. Hughes
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amanda J. Linke
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brianna R. Daley
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert L. Kortum
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
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2
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Sodir NM, Pathria G, Adamkewicz JI, Kelley EH, Sudhamsu J, Merchant M, Chiarle R, Maddalo D. SHP2: A Pleiotropic Target at the Interface of Cancer and Its Microenvironment. Cancer Discov 2023; 13:2339-2355. [PMID: 37682219 PMCID: PMC10618746 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-23-0383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
The protein phosphatase SHP2/PTPN11 has been reported to be a key modulator of proliferative pathways in a wide range of malignancies. Intriguingly, SHP2 has also been described as a critical regulator of the tumor microenvironment. Based on this evidence SHP2 is considered a multifaceted target in cancer, spurring the notion that the development of direct inhibitors of SHP2 would provide the twofold benefit of tumor intrinsic and extrinsic inhibition. In this review, we will discuss the role of SHP2 in cancer and the tumor microenvironment, and the clinical strategies in which SHP2 inhibitors are leveraged as combination agents to improve therapeutic response. SIGNIFICANCE The SHP2 phosphatase functions as a pleiotropic factor, and its inhibition not only hinders tumor growth but also reshapes the tumor microenvironment. Although their single-agent activity may be limited, SHP2 inhibitors hold the potential of being key combination agents to enhance the depth and the durability of tumor response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M. Sodir
- Department of Translational Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Gaurav Pathria
- Department of Oncology Biomarker Development, Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | | | - Elizabeth H. Kelley
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Jawahar Sudhamsu
- Department of Structural Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Mark Merchant
- Department of Translational Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California
| | - Roberto Chiarle
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Danilo Maddalo
- Department of Translational Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, California
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3
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Hou Q, Jiang W, Li W, Huang C, Yang K, Chen X, Huang M, Shu C, Luo G, Sun H, Chu Q, Wu X. Identification of a Novel, Potent, and Orally Bioavailable Guanidine-Based SHP2 Allosteric Inhibitor from Virtual Screening and Rational Structural Optimization for the Treatment of KRAS Mutant Cancers. J Med Chem 2023; 66:13646-13664. [PMID: 37754066 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Src homology-2 domain containing protein tyrosine phosphatase-2 (SHP2) is a highly attractive therapeutic target for treating Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene (KRAS) mutant cancers. In this work, a series of guanidine-based SHP2 allosteric inhibitors were discovered via virtual screening and rational structural optimization. Notably, lead compound 23 with potent SHP2 inhibitory activity (IC50 = 17.7 nM) effectively inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of MIA PaCa-2 pancreatic cancer cells. Furthermore, compound 23 featured great in vivo pharmacokinetic properties (AUCpo = 4320 nM·h; F = 66.3%) and exhibited significant antitumor efficacy in the MIA PaCa-2 xenograft mouse model. This demonstrates that compound 23 is a potential lead compound for the development of SHP2 allosteric inhibitors to treat KRAS mutant cancers. Moreover, these guanidine-based scaffolds may provide an opportunity to mitigate the potential safety risks of the alkyl amine motif predominately incorporated in current SHP2 allosteric inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangqiang Hou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Wenhua Jiang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Wenqiang Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Chenyang Huang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Kexin Yang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Mengchen Huang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Chengxia Shu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Guangmei Luo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Haopeng Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qian Chu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiaoxing Wu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
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4
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Pérez-Baena MJ, Cordero-Pérez FJ, Pérez-Losada J, Holgado-Madruga M. The Role of GAB1 in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4179. [PMID: 37627207 PMCID: PMC10453317 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15164179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
GRB2-associated binder 1 (GAB1) is the inaugural member of the GAB/DOS family of pleckstrin homology (PH) domain-containing proteins. Upon receiving various stimuli, GAB1 transitions from the cytoplasm to the membrane where it is phosphorylated by a range of kinases. This event recruits SH2 domain-containing proteins like SHP2, PI3K's p85 subunit, CRK, and others, thereby activating distinct signaling pathways, including MAPK, PI3K/AKT, and JNK. GAB1-deficient embryos succumb in utero, presenting with developmental abnormalities in the heart, placenta, liver, skin, limb, and diaphragm myocytes. Oncogenic mutations have been identified in the context of cancer. GAB1 expression levels are disrupted in various tumors, and elevated levels in patients often portend a worse prognosis in multiple cancer types. This review focuses on GAB1's influence on cellular transformation particularly in proliferation, evasion of apoptosis, metastasis, and angiogenesis-each of these processes being a cancer hallmark. GAB1 also modulates the resistance/sensitivity to antitumor therapies, making it a promising target for future anticancer strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Jesús Pérez-Baena
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC-CIC), Universidad de Salamanca/CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (M.J.P.-B.); (J.P.-L.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - Jesús Pérez-Losada
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer (IBMCC-CIC), Universidad de Salamanca/CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain; (M.J.P.-B.); (J.P.-L.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Marina Holgado-Madruga
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y León (INCyL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain
- Virtual Institute for Good Health and Well Being (GLADE), European Campus of City Universities (EC2U), 86073 Poitiers, France
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5
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Feng S, Sanford JA, Weber T, Hutchinson-Bunch CM, Dakup PP, Paurus VL, Attah K, Sauro HM, Qian WJ, Wiley HS. A Phosphoproteomics Data Resource for Systems-level Modeling of Kinase Signaling Networks. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.03.551714. [PMID: 37577496 PMCID: PMC10418157 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.03.551714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Building mechanistic models of kinase-driven signaling pathways requires quantitative measurements of protein phosphorylation across physiologically relevant conditions, but this is rarely done because of the insensitivity of traditional technologies. By using a multiplexed deep phosphoproteome profiling workflow, we were able to generate a deep phosphoproteomics dataset of the EGFR-MAPK pathway in non-transformed MCF10A cells across physiological ligand concentrations with a time resolution of <12 min and in the presence and absence of multiple kinase inhibitors. An improved phosphosite mapping technique allowed us to reliably identify >46,000 phosphorylation sites on >6600 proteins, of which >4500 sites from 2110 proteins displayed a >2-fold increase in phosphorylation in response to EGF. This data was then placed into a cellular context by linking it to 15 previously published protein databases. We found that our results were consistent with much, but not all previously reported data regarding the activation and negative feedback phosphorylation of core EGFR-ERK pathway proteins. We also found that EGFR signaling is biphasic with substrates downstream of RAS/MAPK activation showing a maximum response at <3ng/ml EGF while direct substrates, such as HGS and STAT5B, showing no saturation. We found that RAS activation is mediated by at least 3 parallel pathways, two of which depend on PTPN11. There appears to be an approximately 4-minute delay in pathway activation at the step between RAS and RAF, but subsequent pathway phosphorylation was extremely rapid. Approximately 80 proteins showed a >2-fold increase in phosphorylation across all experiments and these proteins had a significantly higher median number of phosphorylation sites (~18) relative to total cellular phosphoproteins (~4). Over 60% of EGF-stimulated phosphoproteins were downstream of MAPK and included mediators of cellular processes such as gene transcription, transport, signal transduction and cytoskeletal arrangement. Their phosphorylation was either linear with respect to MAPK activation or biphasic, corresponding to the biphasic signaling seen at the level of the EGFR. This deep, integrated phosphoproteomics data resource should be useful in building mechanistic models of EGFR and MAPK signaling and for understanding how downstream responses are regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Feng
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - James A. Sanford
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - Thomas Weber
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | | | - Panshak P. Dakup
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - Vanessa L. Paurus
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - Kwame Attah
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - Herbert M. Sauro
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Wei-Jun Qian
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
| | - H. Steven Wiley
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352 USA
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Luo R, Fu W, Shao J, Ma L, Shuai S, Xu Y, Jiang Z, Ye Z, Zheng L, Zheng L, Yu J, Zhang Y, Yin L, Tu L, Lv X, Li J, Liang G, Chen L. Discovery of a potent and selective allosteric inhibitor targeting the SHP2 tunnel site for RTK-driven cancer treatment. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 253:115305. [PMID: 37023678 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Src homology 2 domain-containing phosphatase 2 (SHP2) is a cytoplasmic protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) that regulates signal transduction of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). Abnormal SHP2 activity is associated with tumorigenesis and metastasis. Because SHP2 contains multiple allosteric sites, identifying inhibitors at specific allosteric binding sites remains challenging. Here, we used structure-based virtual screening to directly search for the SHP2 "tunnel site" allosteric inhibitor. A novel hit (70) was identified as the SHP2 allosteric inhibitor with an IC50 of 10.2 μM against full-length SHP2. Derivatization of hit compound 70 using molecular modeling-guided structure-based modification allowed the discovery of an effective and selective SHP2 inhibitor, compound 129, with 122-fold improved potency compared to the hit. Further studies revealed that 129 effectively inhibited signaling in multiple RTK-driven cancers and RTK inhibitor-resistant cancer cells. Remarkably, 129 was orally bioavailable (F = 55%) and significantly inhibited tumor growth in haematological malignancy. Taken together, compound 129 developed in this study may serve as a promising lead or candidate for cancers bearing RTK oncogenic drivers and SHP2-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixiang Luo
- Affiliated Yongkang First People's Hospital and School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310012, China
| | - Weitao Fu
- Department of Computer-Aided Drug Design, Jiangsu Vcare PharmaTech Co. Ltd., Nanjing, 211800, China
| | - Jingjing Shao
- Affiliated Yongkang First People's Hospital and School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310012, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Affiliated Yongkang First People's Hospital and School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310012, China
| | - Sujuan Shuai
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, 310015, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Affiliated Yongkang First People's Hospital and School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310012, China
| | - Zheng Jiang
- Affiliated Yongkang First People's Hospital and School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310012, China
| | - Zenghui Ye
- Affiliated Yongkang First People's Hospital and School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310012, China
| | - Lulu Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Affiliated Yongkang First People's Hospital and School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310012, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Affiliated Yongkang First People's Hospital and School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310012, China
| | - Yawen Zhang
- Affiliated Yongkang First People's Hospital and School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310012, China
| | - Lina Yin
- Affiliated Yongkang First People's Hospital and School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310012, China
| | - Linglan Tu
- Affiliated Yongkang First People's Hospital and School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310012, China
| | - Xinting Lv
- Affiliated Yongkang First People's Hospital and School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310012, China
| | - Jie Li
- Affiliated Yongkang First People's Hospital and School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310012, China; Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, 310015, China.
| | - Guang Liang
- Affiliated Yongkang First People's Hospital and School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310012, China; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China.
| | - Lingfeng Chen
- Affiliated Yongkang First People's Hospital and School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310012, China.
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7
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SH2 Domains: Folding, Binding and Therapeutical Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415944. [PMID: 36555586 PMCID: PMC9783222 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
SH2 (Src Homology 2) domains are among the best characterized and most studied protein-protein interaction (PPIs) modules able to bind and recognize sequences presenting a phosphorylated tyrosine. This post-translational modification is a key regulator of a plethora of physiological and molecular pathways in the eukaryotic cell, so SH2 domains possess a fundamental role in cell signaling. Consequently, several pathologies arise from the dysregulation of such SH2-domains mediated PPIs. In this review, we recapitulate the current knowledge about the structural, folding stability, and binding properties of SH2 domains and their roles in molecular pathways and pathogenesis. Moreover, we focus attention on the different strategies employed to modulate/inhibit SH2 domains binding. Altogether, the information gathered points to evidence that pharmacological interest in SH2 domains is highly strategic to developing new therapeutics. Moreover, a deeper understanding of the molecular determinants of the thermodynamic stability as well as of the binding properties of SH2 domains appears to be fundamental in order to improve the possibility of preventing their dysregulated interactions.
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Kim SM, Kwon EJ, Kim YJ, Go YH, Oh JY, Park S, Do JT, Kim KT, Cha HJ. Dichotomous role of Shp2 for naïve and primed pluripotency maintenance in embryonic stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:329. [PMID: 35850773 PMCID: PMC9290224 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02976-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The requirement of the Mek1 inhibitor (iMek1) during naïve pluripotency maintenance results from the activation of the Mek1-Erk1/2 (Mek/Erk) signaling pathway upon leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) stimulation. Methods Through a meta-analysis of previous genome-wide screening for negative regulators of naïve pluripotency, Ptpn11 (encoding the Shp2 protein, which serves both as a tyrosine phosphatase and putative adapter), was predicted as one of the key factors for the negative modulation of naïve pluripotency through LIF-dependent Jak/Stat3 signaling. Using an isogenic pair of naïve and primed mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs), we demonstrated the differential role of Shp2 in naïve and primed pluripotency. Results Loss of Shp2 increased naïve pluripotency by promoting Jak/Stat3 signaling and disturbed in vivo differentiation potential. In sharp contrast, Shp2 depletion significantly impeded the self-renewal of ESCs under primed culture conditions, which was concurrent with a reduction in Mek/Erk signaling. Similarly, upon treatment with an allosteric Shp2 inhibitor (iShp2), the cells sustained Stat3 phosphorylation and decoupled Mek/Erk signaling, thus iShp2 can replace the use of iMek1 for maintenance of naïve ESCs. Conclusions Taken together, our findings highlight the differential roles of Shp2 in naïve and primed pluripotency and propose the usage of iShp2 instead of iMek1 for the efficient maintenance and establishment of naïve pluripotency. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-022-02976-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Min Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ji Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Jeong Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hyun Go
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokwoo Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeong Tae Do
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-Tae Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea. .,Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyuk-Jin Cha
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea. .,Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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9
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Diverse Mechanisms of Resistance against Osimertinib, a Third-Generation EGFR-TKI, in Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells with an EGFR-Activating Mutation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11142201. [PMID: 35883645 PMCID: PMC9319811 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Osimertinib, a third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), is used as a first-line treatment for patients with EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the mechanisms underlying its anticancer activity, particularly the subsequent development of acquired resistance, are unclear. Herein, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the development of osimertinib resistance by treating NSCLC PC-9 cells (harboring an EGFR-activating mutation) with osimertinib, thereby developing five resistant cell lines, i.e., AZDR3, AZDR6, AZDR9, AZDR11, and AZDR14. The amplification of wild-type EGFR in AZDR3 cells and wild-type EGFR and KRAS in AZDR6 cells was also studied. AZDR3 cells showed dependence on EGFR signaling, in addition to afatinib sensitivity. AZDR9 cells harboring KRASG13D showed sensitivity to MEK inhibitors. Furthermore, combination treatment with EGFR and IGF1R inhibitors resulted in attenuated cell proliferation and enhanced apoptosis. In AZDR11 cells, increased Bim expression could not induce apoptosis, but Bid cleavage was found to be essential for the same. A SHP2/T507K mutation was also identified in AZDR14 cells, and, when associated with GAB1, SHP2 could activate ERK1/2, whereas a SHP2 inhibitor, TNO155, disrupted this association, thereby inhibiting GAB1 activation. Thus, diverse osimertinib resistance mechanisms were identified, providing insights for developing novel therapeutic strategies for NSCLC.
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10
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Nardella C, Malagrinò F, Pagano L, Rinaldo S, Gianni S, Toto A. Determining folding and binding properties of the C-terminal SH2 domain of SHP2. Protein Sci 2021; 30:2385-2395. [PMID: 34605082 PMCID: PMC8605372 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
SH2 domains are a class of protein–protein interaction modules with the function to recognize and bind sequences characterized by the presence of a phosphorylated tyrosine. SHP2 is a protein phosphatase involved in the Ras‐ERK1/2 signaling pathway that possess two SH2 domains, namely, N‐SH2 and C‐SH2, that mediate the interaction of SHP2 with various partners and determine the regulation of its catalytic activity. One of the main interactors of the SH2 domains of SHP2 is Gab2, a scaffolding protein with critical role in determining cell differentiation. Despite their key biological role and the importance of a correct native fold to ensure it, the mechanism of binding of SH2 domains with their ligands and the determinants of their stability have been poorly characterized. In this article, we present a comprehensive kinetic study of the folding of the C‐SH2 domain and the binding mechanism with a peptide mimicking a region of Gab2. Our data, obtained at different pH and ionic strength conditions and supported by site‐directed mutagenesis, highlight the role of electrostatic interactions in the early events of recognition. Interestingly, our results suggest a key role of a highly conserved histidine residue among SH2 family in the interaction with negative charges carried by the phosphotyrosine of Gab2. Moreover, the analysis of the equilibrium and kinetic folding data of C‐SH2 describes a complex mechanism implying a change in rate‐limiting step at high denaturant concentrations. Our data are discussed under the light of previous works on N‐SH2 domain of SHP2 and other SH2 domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Nardella
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Malagrinò
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Livia Pagano
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Rinaldo
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Gianni
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Toto
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli" and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
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11
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Lin CC, Wieteska L, Suen KM, Kalverda AP, Ahmed Z, Ladbury JE. Grb2 binding induces phosphorylation-independent activation of Shp2. Commun Biol 2021; 4:437. [PMID: 33795832 PMCID: PMC8016844 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01969-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of phosphatase activity is fundamental to the control of intracellular signalling and in particular the tyrosine kinase-mediated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Shp2 is a ubiquitously expressed protein tyrosine phosphatase and its kinase-induced hyperactivity is associated with many cancer types. In non-stimulated cells we find that binding of the adaptor protein Grb2, in its monomeric state, initiates Shp2 activity independent of phosphatase phosphorylation. Grb2 forms a bidentate interaction with both the N-terminal SH2 and the catalytic domains of Shp2, releasing the phosphatase from its auto-inhibited conformation. Grb2 typically exists as a dimer in the cytoplasm. However, its monomeric state prevails under basal conditions when it is expressed at low concentration, or when it is constitutively phosphorylated on a specific tyrosine residue (Y160). Thus, Grb2 can activate Shp2 and downstream signal transduction, in the absence of extracellular growth factor stimulation or kinase-activating mutations, in response to defined cellular conditions. Therefore, direct binding of Grb2 activates Shp2 phosphatase in the absence of receptor tyrosine kinase up-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Chuan Lin
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
| | - Lukasz Wieteska
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Kin Man Suen
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Wellcome Trust Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Arnout P Kalverda
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Zamal Ahmed
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John E Ladbury
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India.
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12
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Chen H, Libring S, Ruddraraju KV, Miao J, Solorio L, Zhang ZY, Wendt MK. SHP2 is a multifunctional therapeutic target in drug resistant metastatic breast cancer. Oncogene 2020; 39:7166-7180. [PMID: 33033382 PMCID: PMC7714690 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01488-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Metastatic breast cancer (MBC) is an extremely recalcitrant disease capable of bypassing current targeted therapies via engagement of several growth promoting pathways. SH2 containing protein tyrosine phosphatase-2 (SHP2) is an oncogenic phosphatase known to facilitate growth and survival signaling downstream of numerous receptor inputs. Herein, we used inducible genetic depletion and two distinct pharmacological inhibitors to investigate the therapeutic potential of targeting SHP2 in MBC. Cells that acquired resistance to the ErbB kinase inhibitor, neratinib, displayed increased phosphorylation of SHP2 at the Y542 activation site. In addition, higher levels of SHP2 phosphorylation, but not expression, were associated with decreased survival of breast cancer patients. Pharmacological inhibition of SHP2 activity blocked ERK1/2 and AKT signaling generated from exogenous stimulation with FGF2, PDGF, and hGF and readily prevented MBC cell growth induced by these factors. SHP2 was also phosphorylated upon engagement of the extracellular matrix (ECM) via focal adhesion kinase. Consistent with the potential of SHP2-targeted compounds as therapeutic agents, the growth inhibitory property of SHP2 blockade was enhanced in ECM-rich 3D culture environments. In vivo blockade of SHP2 in the adjuvant setting decreased pulmonary metastasis and extended the survival of systemic tumor-bearing mice. Finally, inhibition of SHP2 in combination with FGFR-targeted kinase inhibitors synergistically blocked the growth of MBC cells. Overall, our findings support the conclusion that SHP2 constitutes a shared signaling node allowing MBC cells to simultaneously engage a diversity of growth and survival pathways, including those derived from the ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Sarah Libring
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | | | - Jinmin Miao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Luis Solorio
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Zhong-Yin Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Michael K Wendt
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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13
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Human Cytomegalovirus miR-US5-2 Downregulation of GAB1 Regulates Cellular Proliferation and UL138 Expression through Modulation of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Signaling Pathways. mSphere 2020; 5:5/4/e00582-20. [PMID: 32759334 PMCID: PMC7407068 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00582-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) causes significant disease in immunocompromised individuals, including transplant patients. HCMV establishes latency in hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow. The mechanisms governing latency and reactivation of viral replication are complex and not fully understood. HCMV-encoded miRNAs are small regulatory RNAs that reduce protein expression. In this study, we found that the HCMV miRNA miR-US5-2 targets the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) adaptor protein GAB1 which directly affects downstream cellular signaling pathways activated by EGF. Consequently, miR-US5-2 blocks the EGF-mediated proliferation of human fibroblasts. Early growth response gene 1 (EGR1) is a transcription factor activated by EGFR signaling that regulates expression of HCMV UL138. We show that miR-US5-2 regulates UL138 expression through GAB1-mediated downregulation of the signaling pathways that lead to EGR1 expression. These data suggest that miR-US5-2, through downregulation of GAB1, could play a critical role during reactivation from latency by reducing proliferation and UL138 expression. Regulation of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) signaling is critical for the replication of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) as well as latency and reactivation in CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells. HCMV microRNAs (miRNAs) provide a means to modulate the signaling activated by EGF through targeting components of the EGFR signaling pathways. Here, we demonstrate that HCMV miR-US5-2 directly downregulates the critical EGFR adaptor protein GAB1 that mediates activation and sustained signaling through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and MEK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathways and cellular proliferation in response to EGF. Expression of HCMV UL138 is regulated by the transcription factor early growth response gene 1 (EGR1) downstream of EGFR-induced MEK/ERK signaling. We show that by targeting GAB1 and attenuating MEK/ERK signaling, miR-US5-2 indirectly regulates EGR1 and UL138 expression, which implicates the miRNA in critical regulation of HCMV latency. IMPORTANCE Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) causes significant disease in immunocompromised individuals, including transplant patients. HCMV establishes latency in hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow. The mechanisms governing latency and reactivation of viral replication are complex and not fully understood. HCMV-encoded miRNAs are small regulatory RNAs that reduce protein expression. In this study, we found that the HCMV miRNA miR-US5-2 targets the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) adaptor protein GAB1 which directly affects downstream cellular signaling pathways activated by EGF. Consequently, miR-US5-2 blocks the EGF-mediated proliferation of human fibroblasts. Early growth response gene 1 (EGR1) is a transcription factor activated by EGFR signaling that regulates expression of HCMV UL138. We show that miR-US5-2 regulates UL138 expression through GAB1-mediated downregulation of the signaling pathways that lead to EGR1 expression. These data suggest that miR-US5-2, through downregulation of GAB1, could play a critical role during reactivation from latency by reducing proliferation and UL138 expression.
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14
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Zhang RY, Yu ZH, Chen L, Walls CD, Zhang S, Wu L, Zhang ZY. Mechanistic insights explain the transforming potential of the T507K substitution in the protein-tyrosine phosphatase SHP2. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:6187-6201. [PMID: 32188694 PMCID: PMC7196634 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The protein-tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 is an allosteric enzyme critical for cellular events downstream of growth factor receptors. Mutations in the SHP2 gene have been linked to many different types of human diseases, including developmental disorders, leukemia, and solid tumors. Unlike most SHP2-activating mutations, the T507K substitution in SHP2 is unique in that it exhibits oncogenic Ras-like transforming activity. However, the biochemical basis of how the SHP2/T507K variant elicits transformation remains unclear. By combining kinetic and biophysical methods, X-ray crystallography, and molecular modeling, as well as using cell biology approaches, here we uncovered that the T507K substitution alters both SHP2 substrate specificity and its allosteric regulatory mechanism. We found that although SHP2/T507K exists in the closed, autoinhibited conformation similar to the WT enzyme, the interactions between its N-SH2 and protein-tyrosine phosphatase domains are weakened such that SHP2/T507K possesses a higher affinity for the scaffolding protein Grb2-associated binding protein 1 (Gab1). We also discovered that the T507K substitution alters the structure of the SHP2 active site, resulting in a change in SHP2 substrate preference for Sprouty1, a known negative regulator of Ras signaling and a potential tumor suppressor. Our results suggest that SHP2/T507K's shift in substrate specificity coupled with its preferential association of SHP2/T507K with Gab1 enable the mutant SHP2 to more efficiently dephosphorylate Sprouty1 at pTyr-53. This dephosphorylation hyperactivates Ras signaling, which is likely responsible for SHP2/T507K's Ras-like transforming activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Yu Zhang
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and of Chemistry, Center for Cancer Research, and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Zhi-Hong Yu
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and of Chemistry, Center for Cancer Research, and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Lan Chen
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and of Chemistry, Center for Cancer Research, and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Chad D. Walls
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and of Chemistry, Center for Cancer Research, and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and of Chemistry, Center for Cancer Research, and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Li Wu
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and of Chemistry, Center for Cancer Research, and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Zhong-Yin Zhang
- Departments of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and of Chemistry, Center for Cancer Research, and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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15
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Ding J, Yao Y, Huang G, Wang X, Yi J, Zhang N, Liu C, Wang K, Zhang Y, Wang M, Liu P, Ye M, Li M, Cheng H. Targeting the EphB4 receptor tyrosine kinase sensitizes HER2-positive breast cancer cells to Lapatinib. Cancer Lett 2020; 475:53-64. [PMID: 32006616 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Clinical data analysis reveals that the expression of the EphB4 receptor tyrosine kinase is significantly elevated in HER2-positive breast cancer and high levels of EphB4 strongly correlate with poor disease prognosis. However, the impact of EphB4 activation on HER2-positive breast cancer cells and the potential of EphB4 as a therapeutic target remain to be explored. Here, we show that EphB4 overexpression confers gain-of-function activities to HER2-positive breast cancer cells, rendering resistance to a HER2/EGFR inhibitor Lapatinib. Furthermore, using integrated transcriptomic and tyrosine phosphoproteomic analyses, followed by biochemical confirmation, we establish that EphB4 activation engages the SHP2/GAB1-MEK signaling cascade and downstream c-MYC activation, and thereby limits the overall drug responses to Lapatinib. Finally, we demonstrate that, in HER2-positive breast tumors, inhibition of EphB4 combined with Lapatinib is more effective than either alone. These findings provide new insights into the signaling networks dictating therapeutic response to Lapatinib as well as a rationale for co-targeting EphB4 in HER2-positive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlei Ding
- Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Cancer Therapy, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yating Yao
- Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gena Huang
- Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Cancer Therapy, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaonan Wang
- Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Cancer Therapy, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jingyan Yi
- Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Cancer Therapy, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Cancer Therapy, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Chongya Liu
- Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Cancer Therapy, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Kainan Wang
- Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Cancer Therapy, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Cancer Therapy, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Min Wang
- Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Cancer Therapy, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Pixu Liu
- Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Cancer Therapy, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Mingliang Ye
- Key Laboratory of Separation Sciences for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, China.
| | - Man Li
- Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Cancer Therapy, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Hailing Cheng
- Cancer Institute, Department of Oncology, Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian Key Laboratory of Molecular Targeted Cancer Therapy, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
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16
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Unveiling the Molecular Basis of the Noonan Syndrome-Causing Mutation T42A of SHP2. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020461. [PMID: 31936901 PMCID: PMC7013464 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Noonan syndrome (NS) is a genetic disorder caused by the hyperactivation of the RAS-MAPK molecular pathway. About 50% of NS cases are caused by mutations affecting the SHP2 protein, a multi-domain phosphatase with a fundamental role in the regulation of the RAS-MAPK pathway. Most NS-causing mutations influence the stability of the inactive form of SHP2. However, one NS-causing mutation, namely T42A, occurs in the binding pocket of the N-SH2 domain of the protein. Here, we present a quantitative characterization of the effect of the T42A mutation on the binding of the N-terminal SH2 domain of SHP2 with a peptide mimicking Gab2, a fundamental interaction that triggers the activation of the phosphatase in the cellular environment. Our results show that whilst the T42A mutation does not affect the association rate constant with the ligand, it causes a dramatic increase of the affinity for Gab2. This effect is due to a remarkable decrease of the microscopic dissociation rate constant of over two orders of magnitudes. In an effort to investigate the molecular basis of the T42A mutation in causing Noonan syndrome, we also compare the experimental results with a more conservative variant, T42S. Our findings are discussed in the context of the structural data available on SHP2.
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17
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Nichols RJ, Haderk F, Stahlhut C, Schulze CJ, Hemmati G, Wildes D, Tzitzilonis C, Mordec K, Marquez A, Romero J, Hsieh T, Zaman A, Olivas V, McCoach C, Blakely CM, Wang Z, Kiss G, Koltun ES, Gill AL, Singh M, Goldsmith MA, Smith JAM, Bivona TG. RAS nucleotide cycling underlies the SHP2 phosphatase dependence of mutant BRAF-, NF1- and RAS-driven cancers. Nat Cell Biol 2018; 20:1064-1073. [PMID: 30104724 PMCID: PMC6115280 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-018-0169-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Oncogenic alterations in the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathway drive the growth of a wide spectrum of cancers. While BRAF and MEK inhibitors are efficacious against BRAFV600E-driven cancers, effective targeted therapies are lacking for most cancers driven by other pathway alterations, including non-V600E oncogenic BRAF, RAS GTPase-activating protein (GAP) NF1 (neurofibromin 1) loss and oncogenic KRAS. Here, we show that targeting the SHP2 phosphatase (encoded by PTPN11) with RMC-4550, a small-molecule allosteric inhibitor, is effective in human cancer models bearing RAS-GTP-dependent oncogenic BRAF (for example, class 3 BRAF mutants), NF1 loss or nucleotide-cycling oncogenic RAS (for example, KRASG12C). SHP2 inhibitor treatment decreases oncogenic RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK signalling and cancer growth by disrupting SOS1-mediated RAS-GTP loading. Our findings illuminate a critical function for SHP2 in promoting oncogenic RAS/MAPK pathway activation in cancers with RAS-GTP-dependent oncogenic BRAF, NF1 loss and nucleotide-cycling oncogenic KRAS. SHP2 inhibition is a promising molecular therapeutic strategy for patients with cancers bearing these oncogenic drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Nichols
- Department of Biology, Revolution Medicines, Inc., Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Franziska Haderk
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Carlos Stahlhut
- Department of Biology, Revolution Medicines, Inc., Redwood City, CA, USA
| | | | - Golzar Hemmati
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David Wildes
- Department of Biology, Revolution Medicines, Inc., Redwood City, CA, USA
| | | | - Kasia Mordec
- Department of Biology, Revolution Medicines, Inc., Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Abby Marquez
- Department of Biology, Revolution Medicines, Inc., Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Jason Romero
- Department of Biology, Revolution Medicines, Inc., Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Tientien Hsieh
- Department of Biology, Revolution Medicines, Inc., Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Aubhishek Zaman
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Victor Olivas
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Caroline McCoach
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Collin M Blakely
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zhengping Wang
- Department of Development Sciences, Revolution Medicines, Inc., Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Gert Kiss
- Department of Biology, Revolution Medicines, Inc., Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Elena S Koltun
- Department of Chemistry, Revolution Medicines, Inc., Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Adrian L Gill
- Department of Chemistry, Revolution Medicines, Inc., Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Mallika Singh
- Department of Biology, Revolution Medicines, Inc., Redwood City, CA, USA
| | - Mark A Goldsmith
- Department of Biology, Revolution Medicines, Inc., Redwood City, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Revolution Medicines, Inc., Redwood City, CA, USA
| | | | - Trever G Bivona
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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18
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Bonetti D, Troilo F, Toto A, Travaglini-Allocatelli C, Brunori M, Gianni S. Mechanism of Folding and Binding of the N-Terminal SH2 Domain from SHP2. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:11108-11114. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.8b05651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Bonetti
- Istituto Pasteur, Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche “A. Rossi Fanelli” and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Troilo
- Istituto Pasteur, Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche “A. Rossi Fanelli” and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Toto
- Istituto Pasteur, Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche “A. Rossi Fanelli” and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Travaglini-Allocatelli
- Istituto Pasteur, Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche “A. Rossi Fanelli” and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Brunori
- Istituto Pasteur, Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche “A. Rossi Fanelli” and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Gianni
- Istituto Pasteur, Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche “A. Rossi Fanelli” and Istituto di Biologia e Patologia Molecolari del CNR, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185, Rome, Italy
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19
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Hale AJ, den Hertog J. Shp2-Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Drives Proliferation during Zebrafish Embryo Caudal Fin Fold Regeneration. Mol Cell Biol 2018; 38:e00515-17. [PMID: 29203641 PMCID: PMC5789028 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00515-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Regeneration of the zebrafish caudal fin following amputation occurs through wound healing, followed by formation of a blastema, which produces cells to replace the lost tissue in the final phase of regenerative outgrowth. We show that ptpn11a-/- ptpn11b-/- zebrafish embryos, lacking functional Shp2, fail to regenerate their caudal fin folds. Rescue experiments indicated that Shp2a has a functional signaling role, requiring its catalytic activity and SH2 domains but not the two C-terminal tyrosine phosphorylation sites. Surprisingly, expression of Shp2a variants with increased and reduced catalytic activity, respectively, rescued caudal fin fold regeneration to similar extents. Expression of mmp9 and junbb, indicative of formation of the wound epidermis and distal blastema, respectively, suggested that these processes occurred in ptpn11a-/- ptpn11b-/- zebrafish embryos. However, cell proliferation and MAPK phosphorylation were reduced. Pharmacological inhibition of MEK1 in wild-type zebrafish embryos phenocopied loss of Shp2. Our results suggest an essential role for Shp2a-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling in promoting cell proliferation during zebrafish embryo caudal fin fold regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander James Hale
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Institute Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen den Hertog
- Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Institute Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
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20
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Yu ZH, Zhang ZY. Regulatory Mechanisms and Novel Therapeutic Targeting Strategies for Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases. Chem Rev 2018; 118:1069-1091. [PMID: 28541680 PMCID: PMC5812791 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
An appropriate level of protein phosphorylation on tyrosine is essential for cells to react to extracellular stimuli and maintain cellular homeostasis. Faulty operation of signal pathways mediated by protein tyrosine phosphorylation causes numerous human diseases, which presents enormous opportunities for therapeutic intervention. While the importance of protein tyrosine kinases in orchestrating the tyrosine phosphorylation networks and in target-based drug discovery has long been recognized, the significance of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) in cellular signaling and disease biology has historically been underappreciated, due to a large extent to an erroneous assumption that they are largely constitutive and housekeeping enzymes. Here, we provide a comprehensive examination of a number of regulatory mechanisms, including redox modulation, allosteric regulation, and protein oligomerization, that control PTP activity. These regulatory mechanisms are integral to the myriad PTP-mediated biochemical events and reinforce the concept that PTPs are indispensable and specific modulators of cellular signaling. We also discuss how disruption of these PTP regulatory mechanisms can cause human diseases and how these diverse regulatory mechanisms can be exploited for novel therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hong Yu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Chemistry, Center for Cancer Research, and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, 720 Clinic Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - Zhong-Yin Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Chemistry, Center for Cancer Research, and Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, 720 Clinic Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907
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21
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Ma L, Xu Z, Wang J, Zhu Z, Lin G, Jiang L, Lu X, Zou C. Matrine inhibits BCR/ABL mediated ERK/MAPK pathway in human leukemia cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:108880-108889. [PMID: 29312576 PMCID: PMC5752489 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The BCR/ABL fusion gene and its downstream signaling pathways such as Ras/Raf/MAPK, JAK/STAT3, and PI3K/AKT pathways play important roles in malignant transformation of leukemia, especially chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Our previous study showed that matrine, an alkaloid extracted from a Chinese herb radix sophorae, significantly inhibited the proliferation of human CML K562cells, induced cell cycle arrest in G0/G1, and promoted cell apoptosis. In the present study, we investigated the molecular mechanism of matrine in the growth inhibition of leukemia cells using K562 and HL-60 cell lines. RT-PCR and Western blot assay demonstrated that the expression of BCR/ABL in K562 and HL-60 cells was significantly inhibited by matrine treatment. Phosphorylation of MEK1, ERK1/2, and their upstream adaptor molecules Shc and SHP2 were significantly downregulated. The protein and mRNA expression of components of the ERK/MAPK signal pathway, and Bcl-xL, Cyclin D1, and c-Myc, were dramatically reduced. Conversely, the expression of p27, a negative regulator of cell cycle progression, increased after matrine treatment. These results indicated that the inhibition of ERK/MAPK and BCR/ABL signaling pathway was associated with matrine's suppressive effects on the growth of K562 and HL-60 cells. In in vivo study, matrine significantly decreased the mortality rate of tumor-baring mice and suggested that matrine could exert its anti-leukemia effect in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingdi Ma
- Laboratory Center, The Third People's Hospital of Huizhou, Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Huizhou 516002, China
| | - Zhenyu Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Laboratory Center, The Third People's Hospital of Huizhou, Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Huizhou 516002, China
| | - Zhichao Zhu
- Laboratory Center, The Second People's Hospital of Changzhou, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213000, China
| | - Guibin Lin
- Laboratory Center, The Third People's Hospital of Huizhou, Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Huizhou 516002, China
| | - Lijia Jiang
- Laboratory Center, The Second People's Hospital of Changzhou, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213000, China
| | - Xuzhang Lu
- Department of Hematology, The Second People's Hospital of Changzhou, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213000, China
| | - Chang Zou
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, China
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22
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Deeter A, Dalman M, Haddad J, Duan ZH. Inferring gene and protein interactions using PubMed citations and consensus Bayesian networks. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0186004. [PMID: 29049295 PMCID: PMC5648141 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The PubMed database offers an extensive set of publication data that can be useful, yet inherently complex to use without automated computational techniques. Data repositories such as the Genomic Data Commons (GDC) and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) offer experimental data storage and retrieval as well as curated gene expression profiles. Genetic interaction databases, including Reactome and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, offer pathway and experiment data analysis using data curated from these publications and data repositories. We have created a method to generate and analyze consensus networks, inferring potential gene interactions, using large numbers of Bayesian networks generated by data mining publications in the PubMed database. Through the concept of network resolution, these consensus networks can be tailored to represent possible genetic interactions. We designed a set of experiments to confirm that our method is stable across variation in both sample and topological input sizes. Using gene product interactions from the KEGG pathway database and data mining PubMed publication abstracts, we verify that regardless of the network resolution or the inferred consensus network, our method is capable of inferring meaningful gene interactions through consensus Bayesian network generation with multiple, randomized topological orderings. Our method can not only confirm the existence of currently accepted interactions, but has the potential to hypothesize new ones as well. We show our method confirms the existence of known gene interactions such as JAK-STAT-PI3K-AKT-mTOR, infers novel gene interactions such as RAS- Bcl-2 and RAS-AKT, and found significant pathway-pathway interactions between the JAK-STAT signaling and Cardiac Muscle Contraction KEGG pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Deeter
- Integrated Bioscience, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Computer Science, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Mark Dalman
- College of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, Environmental Health Sciences and Epidemiology, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, United States of America
- College of Podiatric Medicine, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Joseph Haddad
- Department of Computer Science, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Zhong-Hui Duan
- Integrated Bioscience, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, United States of America
- Department of Computer Science, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio, United States of America
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23
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Aliper AM, Korzinkin MB, Kuzmina NB, Zenin AA, Venkova LS, Smirnov PY, Zhavoronkov AA, Buzdin AA, Borisov NM. Mathematical Justification of Expression-Based Pathway Activation Scoring (PAS). Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1613:31-51. [PMID: 28849557 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7027-8_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Although modeling of activation kinetics for various cell signaling pathways has reached a high grade of sophistication and thoroughness, most such kinetic models still remain of rather limited practical value for biomedicine. Nevertheless, recent advancements have been made in application of signaling pathway science for real needs of prescription of the most effective drugs for individual patients. The methods for such prescription evaluate the degree of pathological changes in the signaling machinery based on two types of data: first, on the results of high-throughput gene expression profiling, and second, on the molecular pathway graphs that reflect interactions between the pathway members. For example, our algorithm OncoFinder evaluates the activation of molecular pathways on the basis of gene/protein expression data in the objects of the interest.Yet, the question of assessment of the relative importance for each gene product in a molecular pathway remains unclear unless one call for the methods of parameter sensitivity /stiffness analysis in the interactomic kinetic models of signaling pathway activation in terms of total concentrations of each gene product.Here we show two principal points: 1. First, the importance coefficients for each gene in pathways that were obtained using the extremely time- and labor-consuming stiffness analysis of full-scaled kinetic models generally differ from much easier-to-calculate expression-based pathway activation score (PAS) not more than by 30%, so the concept of PAS is kinetically justified. 2. Second, the use of pathway-based approach instead of distinct gene analysis, due to the law of large numbers, allows restoring the correlation between the similar samples that were examined using different transcriptome investigation techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander M Aliper
- Drug Research and Design Department, Pathway Pharmaceuticals, Wan Chai, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
- Department of Personalized Medicine, First Oncology Research and Advisory Center, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, D. Rogachev Federal Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Michael B Korzinkin
- Department of Personalized Medicine, First Oncology Research and Advisory Center, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, D. Rogachev Federal Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia B Kuzmina
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, 123182, Russia
| | - Alexander A Zenin
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, 123182, Russia
| | - Larisa S Venkova
- Department of Personalized Medicine, First Oncology Research and Advisory Center, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, D. Rogachev Federal Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Philip Yu Smirnov
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, 123182, Russia
| | - Alex A Zhavoronkov
- Drug Research and Design Department, Pathway Pharmaceuticals, Wan Chai, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
- Department of Personalized Medicine, First Oncology Research and Advisory Center, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, D. Rogachev Federal Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anton A Buzdin
- Drug Research and Design Department, Pathway Pharmaceuticals, Wan Chai, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
- Department of Personalized Medicine, First Oncology Research and Advisory Center, Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, D. Rogachev Federal Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
- Group for Genomic Regulation of Cell Signaling Systems, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, Russia
- National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Centre for Convergence of Nano-, Bio-, Information and Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolay M Borisov
- Department of Personalized Medicine, First Oncology Research and Advisory Center, Moscow, Russia.
- Laboratory of Bioinformatics, D. Rogachev Federal Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia.
- National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Centre for Convergence of Nano-, Bio-, Information and Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, Moscow, Russia.
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24
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Kano Y, Cook JD, Lee JE, Ohh M. New structural and functional insight into the regulation of Ras. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 58:70-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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25
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Rathnakumar K, Savant S, Giri H, Ghosh A, Fisslthaler B, Fleming I, Ram U, Bera AK, Augustin HG, Dixit M. Angiopoietin-2 mediates thrombin-induced monocyte adhesion and endothelial permeability. J Thromb Haemost 2016; 14:1655-67. [PMID: 27241812 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Essentials Mechanism of thrombin-induced inflammation is not fully understood. Thrombin induced monocyte adhesion and barrier loss require Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2). Ang-2 mediates vessel leakage and monocyte adhesion through SHP-2/p38MAPK pathway. Calcium dependent SHP2/p38MAPK activation regulates Ang-2 expression through a feedback loop. SUMMARY Background Thrombin imparts an inflammatory phenotype to the endothelium by promoting increased monocyte adhesion and vascular permeability. However, the molecular players that govern these events are incompletely understood. Objective The aim of this study was to determine whether Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) has a role, if any, in regulating inflammatory signals initiated by thrombin. Methods Assessment of vascular leakage by Miles assay was performed by intra-dermal injection on the foot paw. Surface levels of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) were determined by flow cytometry. Overexpression, knockdown and phosphorylation of proteins were determined by Western blotting. Results In time-course experiments, thrombin-stimulated Ang-2 up-regulation, peaked prior to the expression of adhesion molecule ICAM-1 in human umbilical vein-derived endothelial cells (HUVECs). Knockdown of Ang-2 blocked both thrombin-induced monocyte adhesion and ICAM-1 expression. In addition, Ang-2(-/-) mice displayed defective vascular leakage when treated with thrombin. Introducing Ang-2 protein in Ang-2(-/-) mice failed to recover a wild-type phenotype. Mechanistically, Ang-2 appears to regulate the thrombin-activated calcium spike that is required for tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 and p38 MAPK activation. Further, down-regulation of SHP2 attenuated both thrombin-induced Ang-2 expression and monocyte adhesion. Down-regulation of the adaptor protein Gab1, a co-activator of SHP2, as well as overexpression of the Gab1 mutant incapable of interacting with SHP2 (YFGab1), inhibited thrombin-mediated effects, including downstream activation of p38 MAPK, which in turn was required for Ang-2 expression. Conclusions The data establish an essential role of the Gab1/SHP2/p38MAPK signaling pathway and Ang-2 in regulating thrombin-induced monocyte adhesion and vascular leakage.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Rathnakumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - S Savant
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H Giri
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - A Ghosh
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - B Fisslthaler
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - I Fleming
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - U Ram
- Seethapathy Clinic and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - A K Bera
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - H G Augustin
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Heidelberg, Germany
- Vascular Biology and Tumor Angiogenesis, Medical Faculty Mannheim (CBTM), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Dixit
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
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26
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Schneeberger VE, Ren Y, Luetteke N, Huang Q, Chen L, Lawrence HR, Lawrence NJ, Haura EB, Koomen JM, Coppola D, Wu J. Inhibition of Shp2 suppresses mutant EGFR-induced lung tumors in transgenic mouse model of lung adenocarcinoma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:6191-202. [PMID: 25730908 PMCID: PMC4467431 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutants drive lung tumorigenesis and are targeted for therapy. However, resistance to EGFR inhibitors has been observed, in which the mutant EGFR remains active. Thus, it is important to uncover mediators of EGFR mutant-driven lung tumors to develop new treatment strategies. The protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) Shp2 mediates EGF signaling. Nevertheless, it is unclear if Shp2 is activated by oncogenic EGFR mutants in lung carcinoma or if inhibiting the Shp2 PTP activity can suppress EGFR mutant-induced lung adenocarcinoma. Here, we generated transgenic mice containing a doxycycline (Dox)-inducible PTP-defective Shp2 mutant (tetO-Shp2CSDA). Using the rat Clara cell secretory protein (CCSP)-rtTA-directed transgene expression in the type II lung pneumocytes of transgenic mice, we found that the Gab1-Shp2 pathway was activated by EGFRL858R in the lungs of transgenic mice. Consistently, the Gab1-Shp2 pathway was activated in human lung adenocarcinoma cells containing mutant EGFR. Importantly, Shp2CSDA inhibited EGFRL858R-induced lung adenocarcinoma in transgenic animals. Analysis of lung tissues showed that Shp2CSDA suppressed Gab1 tyrosine phosphorylation and Gab1-Shp2 association, suggesting that Shp2 modulates a positive feedback loop to regulate its own activity. These results show that inhibition of the Shp2 PTP activity impairs mutant EGFR signaling and suppresses EGFRL858R-driven lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina E Schneeberger
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA.,Division of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Yuan Ren
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Noreen Luetteke
- Small Animal Modeling and Imaging Core, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Qingling Huang
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Liwei Chen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Harshani R Lawrence
- Department of Drug Discovery, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Nicholas J Lawrence
- Department of Drug Discovery, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA.,Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Eric B Haura
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA.,Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - John M Koomen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA.,Division of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA.,Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Domenico Coppola
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA.,Department of Anatomic Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Molecular Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA.,Division of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA.,Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA
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27
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Bunda S, Burrell K, Heir P, Zeng L, Alamsahebpour A, Kano Y, Raught B, Zhang ZY, Zadeh G, Ohh M. Inhibition of SHP2-mediated dephosphorylation of Ras suppresses oncogenesis. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8859. [PMID: 26617336 PMCID: PMC4674766 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ras is phosphorylated on a conserved tyrosine at position 32 within the switch I region via Src kinase. This phosphorylation inhibits the binding of effector Raf while promoting the engagement of GTPase-activating protein (GAP) and GTP hydrolysis. Here we identify SHP2 as the ubiquitously expressed tyrosine phosphatase that preferentially binds to and dephosphorylates Ras to increase its association with Raf and activate downstream proliferative Ras/ERK/MAPK signalling. In comparison to normal astrocytes, SHP2 activity is elevated in astrocytes isolated from glioblastoma multiforme (GBM)-prone H-Ras(12V) knock-in mice as well as in glioma cell lines and patient-derived GBM specimens exhibiting hyperactive Ras. Pharmacologic inhibition of SHP2 activity attenuates cell proliferation, soft-agar colony formation and orthotopic GBM growth in NOD/SCID mice and decelerates the progression of low-grade astrocytoma to GBM in a spontaneous transgenic glioma mouse model. These results identify SHP2 as a direct activator of Ras and a potential therapeutic target for cancers driven by a previously ‘undruggable' oncogenic or hyperactive Ras. Aberrant Ras signalling resulting in downstream Mek/Erk pathway activation is found in many cancers. Here, the authors show that the phosphatase SHP2 dephosphorylates Ras resulting in increased Ras activity, and that increased SHP2 activity is found in glioblastomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Severa Bunda
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, M5S1A8 Ontario, Canada
| | - Kelly Burrell
- Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, University Health Network, Toronto Medical Discovery Tower, 101 College Street, East Tower, Toronto, M5G1L7 Ontario, Canada
| | - Pardeep Heir
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, M5S1A8 Ontario, Canada
| | - Lifan Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
| | - Amir Alamsahebpour
- Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, University Health Network, Toronto Medical Discovery Tower, 101 College Street, East Tower, Toronto, M5G1L7 Ontario, Canada
| | - Yoshihito Kano
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, M5S1A8 Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, M5S1A8 Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian Raught
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto Medical Discovery Tower, 9-701A, 101 College Street, Toronto, M5G1L7 Ontario, Canada
| | - Zhong-Yin Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
| | - Gelareh Zadeh
- Brain Tumour Research Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, University Health Network, Toronto Medical Discovery Tower, 101 College Street, East Tower, Toronto, M5G1L7 Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Ohh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, M5S1A8 Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, M5S1A8 Ontario, Canada
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28
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Zhao J, Yin M, Deng H, Jin FQ, Xu S, Lu Y, Mastrangelo MA, Luo H, Jin ZG. Cardiac Gab1 deletion leads to dilated cardiomyopathy associated with mitochondrial damage and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Cell Death Differ 2015; 23:695-706. [PMID: 26517531 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2015.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A vital step in the development of heart failure is the transition from compensatory cardiac hypertrophy to decompensated dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) during cardiac remodeling under mechanical or pathological stress. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of DCM and heart failure remain incompletely understood. In the present study, we investigate whether Gab1, a scaffolding adaptor protein, protects against hemodynamic stress-induced DCM and heat failure. We first observed that the protein levels of Gab1 were markedly reduced in hearts from human patients with DCM and from mice with experimental viral myocarditis in which DCM developed. Next, we generated cardiac-specific Gab1 knockout mice (Gab1-cKO) and found that Gab-cKO mice developed DCM in hemodynamic stress-dependent and age-dependent manners. Under transverse aorta constriction (TAC), Gab1-cKO mice rapidly developed decompensated DCM and heart failure, whereas Gab1 wild-type littermates exhibited adaptive left ventricular hypertrophy without changes in cardiac function. Mechanistically, we showed that Gab1-cKO mouse hearts displayed severe mitochondrial damages and increased cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Loss of cardiac Gab1 in mice impaired Gab1 downstream MAPK signaling pathways in the heart under TAC. Gene profiles further revealed that ablation of Gab1 in heart disrupts the balance of anti- and pro-apoptotic genes in cardiomyocytes. These results demonstrate that cardiomyocyte Gab1 is a critical regulator of the compensatory cardiac response to aging and hemodynamic stress. These findings may provide new mechanistic insights and potential therapeutic target for DCM and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zhao
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - M Yin
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - H Deng
- Center for Heart Lung Innovation/Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - F Q Jin
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - S Xu
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Y Lu
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - M A Mastrangelo
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - H Luo
- Center for Heart Lung Innovation/Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Z G Jin
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
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29
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SHP2 sails from physiology to pathology. Eur J Med Genet 2015; 58:509-25. [PMID: 26341048 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Over the two past decades, mutations of the PTPN11 gene, encoding the ubiquitous protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 (SH2 domain-containing tyrosine phosphatase 2), have been identified as the causal factor of several developmental diseases (Noonan syndrome (NS), Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines (NS-ML), and metachondromatosis), and malignancies (juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia). SHP2 plays essential physiological functions in organism development and homeostasis maintenance by regulating fundamental intracellular signaling pathways in response to a wide range of growth factors and hormones, notably the pleiotropic Ras/Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK) and the Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase (PI3K)/AKT cascades. Analysis of the biochemical impacts of PTPN11 mutations first identified both loss-of-function and gain-of-function mutations, as well as more subtle defects, highlighting the major pathophysiological consequences of SHP2 dysregulation. Then, functional genetic studies provided insights into the molecular dysregulations that link SHP2 mutants to the development of specific traits of the diseases, paving the way for the design of specific therapies for affected patients. In this review, we first provide an overview of SHP2's structure and regulation, then describe its molecular roles, notably its functions in modulating the Ras/MAPK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways, and its physiological roles in organism development and homeostasis. In the second part, we describe the different PTPN11 mutation-associated pathologies and their clinical manifestations, with particular focus on the biochemical and signaling outcomes of NS and NS-ML-associated mutations, and on the recent advances regarding the pathophysiology of these diseases.
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30
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Gu W, Prasadam I, Yu M, Zhang F, Ling P, Xiao Y, Yu C. Gamma tocotrienol targets tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 in mammospheres resulting in cell death through RAS/ERK pathway. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:609. [PMID: 26315028 PMCID: PMC4552156 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1614-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There is increasing evidence supporting the concept of cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are responsible for the initiation, growth and metastasis of tumors. CSCs are thus considered the target for future cancer therapies. To achieve this goal, identifying potential therapeutic targets for CSCs is essential. Methods We used a natural product of vitamin E, gamma tocotrienol (gamma-T3), to treat mammospheres and spheres from colon and cervical cancers. Western blotting and real-time RT-PCR were employed to identify the gene and protein targets of gamma-T3 in mammospheres. Results We found that mammosphere growth was inhibited in a dose dependent manner, with total inhibition at high doses. Gamma-T3 also inhibited sphere growth in two other human epithelial cancers, colon and cervix. Our results suggested that both Src homology 2 domain-containing phosphatase 1 (SHP1) and 2 (SHP2) were affected by gamma-T3 which was accompanied by a decrease in K- and H-Ras gene expression and phosphorylated ERK protein levels in a dose dependent way. In contrast, expression of self-renewal genes TGF-beta and LIF, as well as ESR signal pathways were not affected by the treatment. These results suggest that gamma-T3 specifically targets SHP2 and the RAS/ERK signaling pathway. Conclusions SHP1 and SHP2 are potential therapeutic targets for breast CSCs and gamma-T3 is a promising natural drug for future breast cancer therapy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-015-1614-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Gu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, the University of Queensland, The corner of Cooper Rd. St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Indira Prasadam
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Meihua Yu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, the University of Queensland, The corner of Cooper Rd. St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Fengxia Zhang
- School of Biomedical Science, the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Patrick Ling
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Yin Xiao
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Chengzhong Yu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, the University of Queensland, The corner of Cooper Rd. St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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31
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Deng H, Fung G, Shi J, Xu S, Wang C, Yin M, Hou J, Zhang J, Jin ZG, Luo H. Enhanced enteroviral infectivity via viral protease-mediated cleavage of Grb2-associated binder 1. FASEB J 2015; 29:4523-31. [PMID: 26183772 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-274829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3), an important human causative pathogen for viral myocarditis, pancreatitis, and meningitis, has evolved different strategies to manipulate the host signaling machinery to ensure successful viral infection. We previously revealed a crucial role for the ERK1/2 signaling pathway in regulating viral infectivity. However, the detail mechanism remains largely unknown. Grb2-associated binder 1 (GAB1) is an important docking protein responsible for intracellular signaling assembly and transduction. In this study, we demonstrated that GAB1 was proteolytically cleaved after CVB3 infection at G175 and G436 by virus-encoded protease 2A(pro), independent of caspase activation. Knockdown of GAB1 resulted in a significant reduction of viral protein expression and virus titers. Moreover, we showed that virus-induced cleavage of GAB1 is beneficial to viral growth as the N-terminal proteolytic product of GAB1 (GAB1-N1-174) further enhances ERK1/2 activation and promotes viral replication. Our results collectively suggest that CVB3 targets host GAB1 to generate a GAB1-N1-174 fragment that enhances viral infectivity, at least in part, via activation of the ERK pathway. The findings in this study suggest a novel mechanism that CVB3 employs to subvert the host signaling and facilitate consequent viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Deng
- *Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; and Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Gabriel Fung
- *Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; and Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Junyan Shi
- *Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; and Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Suowen Xu
- *Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; and Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Chen Wang
- *Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; and Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Meimei Yin
- *Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; and Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Jun Hou
- *Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; and Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Jingchun Zhang
- *Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; and Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Zheng-Gen Jin
- *Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; and Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Honglin Luo
- *Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; and Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
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32
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Wang W, Xu S, Yin M, Jin ZG. Essential roles of Gab1 tyrosine phosphorylation in growth factor-mediated signaling and angiogenesis. Int J Cardiol 2014; 181:180-4. [PMID: 25528308 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.10.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Growth factors and their downstream receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) mediate a number of biological processes controlling cell function. Adaptor (docking) proteins, which consist exclusively of domains and motifs that mediate molecular interactions, link receptor activation to downstream effectors. Recent studies have revealed that Grb2-associated-binders (Gab) family members (including Gab1, Gab2, and Gab3), when phosphorylated on tyrosine residues, provide binding sites for multiple effector proteins, such as Src homology-2 (SH2)-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP2) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) regulatory subunit p85, thereby playing important roles in transducing RTKs-mediated signals into pathways with diversified biological functions. Here, we provide an up-to-date overview on the domain structure and biological functions of Gab1, the most intensively studied Gab family protein, in growth factor signaling and biological functions, with a special focus on angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiye Wang
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Suowen Xu
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Meimei Yin
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Zheng Gen Jin
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
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33
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Yu ZH, Zhang RY, Walls CD, Chen L, Zhang S, Wu L, Liu S, Zhang ZY. Molecular basis of gain-of-function LEOPARD syndrome-associated SHP2 mutations. Biochemistry 2014; 53:4136-51. [PMID: 24935154 PMCID: PMC4081049 DOI: 10.1021/bi5002695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Src homology 2 (SH2) domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP2) is a critical signal transducer downstream of growth factors that promotes the activation of the RAS-ERK1/2 cascade. In its basal state, SHP2 exists in an autoinhibited closed conformation because of an intramolecular interaction between its N-SH2 and protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) domains. Binding to pTyr ligands present on growth factor receptors and adaptor proteins with its N-SH2 domain localizes SHP2 to its substrates and frees the active site from allosteric inhibition. Germline mutations in SHP2 are known to cause both Noonan syndrome (NS) and LEOPARD syndrome (LS), two clinically similar autosomal dominant developmental disorders. NS-associated SHP2 mutants display elevated phosphatase activity, while LS-associated SHP2 mutants exhibit reduced catalytic activity. A conundrum in how clinically similar diseases result from mutations to SHP2 that have opposite effects on this enzyme's catalytic functionality exists. Here we report a comprehensive investigation of the kinetic, structural, dynamic, and biochemical signaling properties of the wild type as well as all reported LS-associated SHP2 mutants. The results reveal that LS-causing mutations not only affect SHP2 phosphatase activity but also induce a weakening of the intramolecular interaction between the N-SH2 and PTP domains, leading to mutants that are more readily activated by competing pTyr ligands. Our data also indicate that the residual phosphatase activity associated with the LS SHP2 mutant is required for enhanced ERK1/2 activation. Consequently, catalytically impaired SHP2 mutants could display gain-of-function properties because of their ability to localize to the vicinity of substrates for longer periods of time, thereby affording the opportunity for prolonged substrate turnover and sustained RAS-ERK1/2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hong Yu
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana
University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United
States
| | - Ruo-Yu Zhang
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana
University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United
States
| | - Chad D. Walls
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana
University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United
States
| | - Lan Chen
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana
University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United
States,Chemical
Genomics Core Facility, Indiana University
School of Medicine, 635
Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United
States
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana
University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United
States,Chemical
Genomics Core Facility, Indiana University
School of Medicine, 635
Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United
States
| | - Li Wu
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana
University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United
States,Chemical
Genomics Core Facility, Indiana University
School of Medicine, 635
Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United
States
| | - Sijiu Liu
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana
University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United
States
| | - Zhong-Yin Zhang
- Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana
University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, United
States,E-mail:
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34
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Klomsiri C, Rogers LC, Soito L, McCauley AK, King SB, Nelson KJ, Poole LB, Daniel LW. Endosomal H2O2 production leads to localized cysteine sulfenic acid formation on proteins during lysophosphatidic acid-mediated cell signaling. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 71:49-60. [PMID: 24657741 PMCID: PMC4064372 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a growth factor for many cells including prostate and ovarian cancer-derived cell lines. LPA stimulates H2O2 production which is required for growth. However, there are significant gaps in our understanding of the spatial and temporal regulation of H2O2-dependent signaling and the way in which signals are transmitted following receptor activation. Herein, we describe the use of two reagents, DCP-Bio1 and DCP-Rho1, to evaluate the localization of active protein oxidation after LPA stimulation by detection of nascent protein sulfenic acids. We found that LPA stimulation causes internalization of LPA receptors into early endosomes that contain NADPH oxidase components and are sites of H2O2 generation. DCP-Rho1 allowed visualization of sulfenic acid formation, indicative of active protein oxidation, which was stimulated by LPA and decreased by an LPA receptor antagonist. Protein oxidation sites colocalized with LPAR1 and the endosomal marker EEA1. Concurrent with the generation of these redox signaling-active endosomes (redoxosomes) is the H2O2- and NADPH oxidase-dependent oxidation of Akt2 and PTP1B detected using DCP-Bio1. These new approaches therefore enable detection of active, H2O2-dependent protein oxidation linked to cell signaling processes. DCP-Rho1 may be a particularly useful protein oxidation imaging agent enabling spatial resolution due to the transient nature of the sulfenic acid intermediate it detects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chananat Klomsiri
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - LeAnn C Rogers
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Laura Soito
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Anita K McCauley
- Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA.
| | - S Bruce King
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA.
| | - Kimberly J Nelson
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Leslie B Poole
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Larry W Daniel
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
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35
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Molecular mechanisms of SH2- and PTB-domain-containing proteins in receptor tyrosine kinase signaling. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2013; 5:a008987. [PMID: 24296166 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a008987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular signaling is mediated by reversible posttranslational modifications (PTMs) that include phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and acetylation, among others. In response to extracellular stimuli such as growth factors, receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) typically dimerize and initiate signaling through phosphorylation of their cytoplasmic tails and downstream scaffolds. Signaling effectors are recruited to these phosphotyrosine (pTyr) sites primarily through Src homology 2 (SH2) domains and pTyr-binding (PTB) domains. This review describes how these conserved domains specifically recognize pTyr residues and play a major role in mediating precise downstream signaling events.
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36
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Aasrum M, Ødegård J, Sandnes D, Christoffersen T. The involvement of the docking protein Gab1 in mitogenic signalling induced by EGF and HGF in rat hepatocytes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2013; 1833:3286-3294. [PMID: 24126105 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Revised: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Grb2-associated binder (Gab) family proteins are docking molecules that can interact with receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and cytokine receptors and bind several downstream signalling proteins. Studies in several cell types have shown that Gab1 may have a role in signalling mediated by the two RTKs epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR) and Met, the receptor for hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), but the involvement of Gab1 in EGFR and Met signalling has not been directly compared in the same cell. We have studied mechanisms of activation and role in mitogenic signalling of Gab1 in response to EGF and HGF in cultured rat hepatocytes. Gab1, but not Gab2, was expressed in the hepatocytes and was phosphorylated upon stimulation with EGF or HGF. Depletion of Gab1, using siRNA, decreased the ERK and Akt activation, cyclin D1 expression, and DNA synthesis in response to both EGF and HGF. Studies of mechanisms of recruitment to the receptors showed that HGF induced co-precipitation of Gab1 and Met while EGF induced binding of Gab1 to Grb2 but not to EGFR. Gab1 activation in response to both EGF and HGF was dependent on PI3K. While EGF activated Gab1 and Shc equally, within the same concentration range, HGF very potently and almost exclusively activated Gab1, having only a minimal effect on Shc. Collectively, our results strongly suggest that although Gab1 interacts differently with EGFR and Met, it is involved in mitogenic signalling mediated by both these growth factor receptors in hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Aasrum
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 1057, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
| | - John Ødegård
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 1057, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Dagny Sandnes
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 1057, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Thoralf Christoffersen
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 1057, Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
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37
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Fan YX, Wong L, Marino MP, Ou W, Shen Y, Wu WJ, Wong KK, Reiser J, Johnson GR. Acquired substrate preference for GAB1 protein bestows transforming activity to ERBB2 kinase lung cancer mutants. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:16895-16904. [PMID: 23612964 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.434217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Activating mutations in the αC-β4 loop of the ERBB2 kinase domain, such as ERBB2(YVMA) and ERBB2(G776VC), have been identified in human lung cancers and found to drive tumor formation. Here we observe that the docking protein GAB1 is hyper-phosphorylated in carcinomas from transgenic mice and in cell lines expressing these ERBB2 cancer mutants. Using dominant negative GAB1 mutants lacking canonical tyrosine residues for SHP2 and PI3K interactions or lentiviral shRNA that targets GAB1, we demonstrate that GAB1 phosphorylation is required for ERBB2 mutant-induced cell signaling, cell transformation, and tumorigenesis. An enzyme kinetic analysis comparing ERBB2(YVMA) to wild type using physiologically relevant peptide substrates reveals that ERBB2(YVMA) kinase adopts a striking preference for GAB1 phosphorylation sites as evidenced by ∼150-fold increases in the specificity constants (kcat/Km) for several GAB1 peptides, and this change in substrate selectivity was predominantly attributed to the peptide binding affinities as reflected by the apparent Km values. Furthermore, we demonstrate that ERBB2(YVMA) phosphorylates GAB1 protein ∼70-fold faster than wild type ERBB2 in vitro. Notably, the mutation does not significantly alter the Km for ATP or sensitivity to lapatinib, suggesting that, unlike EGFR lung cancer mutants, the ATP binding cleft of the kinase is not significantly changed. Taken together, our results indicate that the acquired substrate preference for GAB1 is critical for the ERBB2 mutant-induced oncogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Xin Fan
- Division of Therapeutic Proteins, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
| | - Lily Wong
- Division of Therapeutic Proteins, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Michael P Marino
- Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Wu Ou
- Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Yi Shen
- Division of Monoclonal Antibodies, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Wen Jin Wu
- Division of Monoclonal Antibodies, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Kwok-Kin Wong
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Jakob Reiser
- Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Gibbes R Johnson
- Division of Therapeutic Proteins, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
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38
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Yu ZH, Xu J, Walls CD, Chen L, Zhang S, Zhang R, Wu L, Wang L, Liu S, Zhang ZY. Structural and mechanistic insights into LEOPARD syndrome-associated SHP2 mutations. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:10472-82. [PMID: 23457302 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.450023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
SHP2 is an allosteric phosphatase essential for growth factor-mediated Ras activation. Germ-line mutations in SHP2 cause clinically similar LEOPARD and Noonan syndromes, two of several autosomal-dominant conditions characterized by gain-of-function mutations in the Ras pathway. Interestingly, Noonan syndrome SHP2 mutants are constitutively active, whereas LEOPARD syndrome SHP2 mutants exhibit reduced phosphatase activity. How do catalytically impaired LEOPARD syndrome mutants engender gain-of-function phenotypes? Our study reveals that LEOPARD syndrome mutations weaken the intramolecular interaction between the N-SH2 and phosphatase domains, leading to a change in SHP2 molecular switching mechanism. Consequently, LEOPARD syndrome SHP2 mutants bind upstream activators preferentially and are hypersensitive to growth factor stimulation. They also stay longer with scaffolding adapters, thus prolonging substrate turnover, which compensates for the reduced phosphatase activity. The study provides a solid framework for understanding how individual SHP2 mutations cause diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hong Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
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39
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Gab docking proteins in cardiovascular disease, cancer, and inflammation. Int J Inflam 2013; 2013:141068. [PMID: 23431498 PMCID: PMC3566608 DOI: 10.1155/2013/141068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The docking proteins of the Grb2-associated binder (Gab) family have emerged as crucial signaling compartments in metazoans. In mammals, the Gab proteins, consisting of Gab1, Gab2, and Gab3, are involved in the amplification and integration of signal transduction evoked by a variety of extracellular stimuli, including growth factors, cytokines, antigens, and other molecules. Gab proteins lack the enzymatic activity themselves; however, when phosphorylated on tyrosine residues, they provide binding sites for multiple Src homology-2 (SH2) domain-containing proteins, such as SH2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP2), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit p85, phospholipase Cγ, Crk, and GC-GAP. Through these interactions, the Gab proteins transduce signals from activated receptors into pathways with distinct biological functions, thereby contributing to signal diversification. They are known to play crucial roles in numerous physiological processes through their associations with SHP2 and p85. In addition, abnormal Gab protein signaling has been linked to human diseases including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and inflammatory disorders. In this paper, we provide an overview of the structure, effector functions, and regulation of the Gab docking proteins, with a special focus on their associations with cardiovascular disease, cancer, and inflammation.
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40
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Involvement of EphA2-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of Shp2 in Shp2-regulated activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase. Oncogene 2013; 32:5292-301. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Revised: 10/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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41
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Bauer B, Pang E, Holland C, Kessler M, Bartfeld S, Meyer TF. The Helicobacter pylori virulence effector CagA abrogates human β-defensin 3 expression via inactivation of EGFR signaling. Cell Host Microbe 2012; 11:576-86. [PMID: 22704618 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2012.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Revised: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 04/22/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides are constituents of the first-line innate mucosal defense system that acts as a barrier to establishment of infection. The highly successful human gastric pathogen, Helicobacter pylori, is able to persistently colonize its host despite inducing expression of several antimicrobial peptides, including human β-defensin 3 (hBD3). We find that hBD3 is highly active against H. pylori in vitro and is rapidly induced during early infection via EGFR-dependent activation of MAP kinase and JAK/STAT signaling. However, during prolonged infection, hBD3 was subsequently downregulated by the H. pylori virulence determinant CagA. Upon translocation into host cells, CagA activated the cellular tyrosine phosphatase, SHP-2, terminating EGFR activation and downstream signaling and increasing bacterial viability. Chemical inhibition and knockdown of SHP-2 expression rescued hBD3 synthesis and bactericidal activity. Thus, we reveal how cagPAI-positive H. pylori strains use CagA to evade a key innate mucosal defense pathway to support the establishment of persistent infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Bauer
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin, Germany
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42
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Zhu X, Li Z, Pan W, Qin L, Zhu G, Ke Y, Wu J, Bo P, Meng S. Participation of Gab1 and Gab2 in IL-22-mediated keratinocyte proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Mol Cell Biochem 2012; 369:255-66. [PMID: 22851227 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-012-1389-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-22 (IL-22) is one of the key mediators of keratinocyte alterations in psoriasis. IL-22 inhibits keratinocyte differentiation and induces the migration of human keratinocytes. Grb2-associated binder 1 (Gab1) has been shown to mediate epidermal growth factor-induced epidermal growth and differentiation via interaction with the Src homology-2-containing protein-tyrosine phosphatase (Shp2). In this investigation, we explore the role of Gab1 and Gab2 in IL-22-mediated keratinocyte activities. We show that both Gab1 and Gab2 were tyrosine phosphorylated in IL-22-stimulated HaCaT cells and human primary epidermal keratinocytes and contributed to the activation of Extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2 (Erk1/2) through interaction with Shp2. We further demonstrate that HaCaT cells infected with adenoviruses expressing Shp2-binding-defective Gab1/2 mutants exhibited decreased cell proliferation and migration, as well as increased differentiation. Moreover, similar results were observed in HaCaT cells infected with adenovirus-based small interfering RNAs targeting Gab1 and/or Gab2. Altogether, these data underscore the critical roles of Gab1 and Gab2 in IL-22-mediated HaCaT cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Zhu
- Department of Dermatology of Clinical Medical School, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Lemarié CA, Lehoux S. The Gift of Gab1 (Grb-2-Associated Binder 1). Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2011; 31:956-7. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.111.225987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Stéphanie Lehoux
- From Lady Davis Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Zhao J, Wang W, Ha CH, Kim JY, Wong C, Redmond EM, Hamik A, Jain MK, Feng GS, Jin ZG. Endothelial Grb2-associated binder 1 is crucial for postnatal angiogenesis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2011; 31:1016-23. [PMID: 21372298 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.111.224493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Grb2-associated binder 1 (Gab1), a scaffolding adaptor protein, plays an important role in transmitting key signals that control cell growth, differentiation, and function from multiple tyrosine kinase receptors. The study was designed to investigate the role of endothelial Gab1 in angiogenesis and its underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS Using Cre-Lox recombination technology, we generated endothelial-specific Gab1 knockout (Gab1-ecKO) mice. Gab1-ecKO mice are viable and showed no obvious developmental defects in the vascular system. To analyze the role of Gab1 in postnatal angiogenesis, we used hindlimb ischemia and Matrigel plug models. We found that loss of endothelial Gab1 in mice dramatically impaired postnatal angiogenesis. Gab1-ecKO mice had impaired ischemia-initiated blood flow recovery, exhibited reduced angiogenesis, and were associated with marked limb necrosis. We further observed significant endothelial cell (EC) death in the ischemic hindlimb of Gab1-ecKO mice. Matrigel plug assay showed that hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-mediated angiogenesis was inhibited in Gab1-ecKO mice. In vitro studies showed that Gab1 was required for HGF-induced EC migration, tube formation, and microvessel sprouting. Mechanistically, HGF stimulated Gab1 tyrosine phosphorylation in ECs, leading to activation of extracellular regulated MAP kinase 1/2 and Akt, which are angiogenic and survival signaling. CONCLUSIONS Gab1 is essential for postnatal angiogenesis through mediating angiogenic and survival signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjing Zhao
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box CVRI, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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Gao L, Weck MN, Nieters A, Brenner H. Grb2-associated binder 1 (Gab1) genetic polymorphism, Helicobacter pylori infection, and chronic atrophic gastritis among older adults from Germany. Mol Carcinog 2010; 49:869-73. [PMID: 20602450 DOI: 10.1002/mc.20662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Grb2-associated binder 1 (Gab1) plays an important role in the regulation of cell growth and transformation. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (rs3805246) in the Gab1 gene has been suggested to be related to the risk of Helicobacter pylori infection and chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) in a study from Japan. We aimed to assess the associations in a population-based study from Germany. In the baseline examination of ESTHER, a population-based study conducted in Saarland, serum pepsinogen I and II and H. pylori serostatus were measured by ELISA. The Gab1 SNP (rs3805246) was genotyped in 351 serologically defined CAG cases and 351 age- and sex-matched non-CAG controls. A nonsignificant association was observed between the Gab1 SNP and CAG, with an adjusted odds ratio of 1.15 (0.85-1.55) for AA/AG carriers compared to GG carriers. The magnitude of the association did not change when the analysis was restricted to H. pylori seropositive subjects. Furthermore, no significant relation was found between the SNP and H. pylori seropositivity among non-CAG controls. We could not confirm a major association between Gab1 SNP (rs3805246) and the predisposition to H. pylori infection and CAG in this study population from Germany. Further studies with larger sample size are needed to clarify a potential modest effect of Gab1 genetic polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gao
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
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Abstract
Docking proteins comprise a distinct category of intracellular, noncatalytic signalling protein, that function downstream of a variety of receptor and receptor-associated tyrosine kinases and regulate diverse physiological and pathological processes. The growth factor receptor bound 2-associated binder/Daughter of Sevenless, insulin receptor substrate, fibroblast growth factor receptor substrate 2 and downstream of tyrosine kinases protein families fall into this category. This minireview focuses on the structure, function and regulation of these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilman Brummer
- Centre for Biological Systems Analysis (ZBSA), Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Weng T, Mao F, Wang Y, Sun Q, Li R, Yang G, Zhang X, Luo J, Feng GS, Yang X. Osteoblastic molecular scaffold Gab1 is required for maintaining bone homeostasis. J Cell Sci 2010; 123:682-9. [PMID: 20124419 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.058396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The Grb2-associated binder 1 (Gab1), which serves as a scaffolding adaptor protein, plays a crucial role in transmitting key signals that control cell growth, differentiation and function from multiple receptors. However, its biological role in osteoblast activity and postnatal bone metabolism remains unclear. To elucidate the in vivo function of Gab1 in postnatal bone remodeling, we generated osteoblast-specific Gab1 knockout mice. Disruption of Gab1 expression in osteoblasts led to decreased trabecular bone mass with a reduced bone formation rate and a decreased bone resorption. Bones from Gab1 mutants also exhibited inferior mechanical properties. Moreover, primary osteoblasts from Gab1 mutant mice demonstrated markedly suppressed osteoblast mineralization, increased susceptibility to apoptosis and decreased expression of receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL). Activation of serine-threonine Akt kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase in response to insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 was attenuated in Gab1 mutant osteoblasts. Our results show that Gab1-mediated signals in osteoblasts are crucial for normal postnatal bone homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tujun Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Genetic Laboratory of Development and Disease, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, PR China
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Wöhrle FU, Daly RJ, Brummer T. Function, regulation and pathological roles of the Gab/DOS docking proteins. Cell Commun Signal 2009; 7:22. [PMID: 19737390 PMCID: PMC2747914 DOI: 10.1186/1478-811x-7-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2009] [Accepted: 09/08/2009] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Since their discovery a little more than a decade ago, the docking proteins of the Gab/DOS family have emerged as important signalling elements in metazoans. Gab/DOS proteins integrate and amplify signals from a wide variety of sources including growth factor, cytokine and antigen receptors as well as cell adhesion molecules. They also contribute to signal diversification by channelling the information from activated receptors into signalling pathways with distinct biological functions. Recent approaches in protein biochemistry and systems biology have revealed that Gab proteins are subject to complex regulation by feed-forward and feedback phosphorylation events as well as protein-protein interactions. Thus, Gab/DOS docking proteins are at the centre of entire signalling subsystems and fulfil an important if not essential role in many physiological processes. Furthermore, aberrant signalling by Gab proteins has been increasingly linked to human diseases from various forms of neoplasia to Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we provide a detailed overview of the structure, effector functions, regulation and evolution of the Gab/DOS family. We also summarize recent findings implicating Gab proteins, in particular the Gab2 isoform, in leukaemia, solid tumours and other human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska U Wöhrle
- Centre for Biological Systems Analysis (ZBSA), Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Germany.
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Lawrence HR, Pireddu R, Chen L, Luo Y, Sung SS, Szymanski AM, Yip MLR, Guida WC, Sebti SM, Wu J, Lawrence NJ. Inhibitors of Src homology-2 domain containing protein tyrosine phosphatase-2 (Shp2) based on oxindole scaffolds. J Med Chem 2008; 51:4948-56. [PMID: 18680359 DOI: 10.1021/jm8002526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Screening of the NCI diversity set of compounds has led to the identification of 5 (NSC-117199), which inhibits the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) Shp2 with an IC50 of 47 microM. A focused library incorporating an isatin scaffold was designed and evaluated for inhibition of Shp2 and Shp1 PTP activities. Several compounds were identified that selectively inhibit Shp2 over Shp1 and PTP1B with low to submicromolar activity. A model for the binding of the active compounds is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshani R Lawrence
- Drug Discovery Program, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12901 Magnolia Drive, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA.
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Koyama T, Nakaoka Y, Fujio Y, Hirota H, Nishida K, Sugiyama S, Okamoto K, Yamauchi-Takihara K, Yoshimura M, Mochizuki S, Hori M, Hirano T, Mochizuki N. Interaction of scaffolding adaptor protein Gab1 with tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 negatively regulates IGF-I-dependent myogenic differentiation via the ERK1/2 signaling pathway. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:24234-44. [PMID: 18577518 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m803907200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Grb2-associated binder 1 (Gab1) coordinates various receptor tyrosine kinase signaling pathways. Although skeletal muscle differentiation is regulated by some growth factors, it remains elusive whether Gab1 coordinates myogenic signals. Here, we examined the molecular mechanism of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I)-mediated myogenic differentiation, focusing on Gab1 and its downstream signaling. Gab1 underwent tyrosine phosphorylation and subsequent complex formation with protein-tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 upon IGF-I stimulation in C2C12 myoblasts. On the other hand, Gab1 constitutively associated with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit p85. To delineate the role of Gab1 in IGF-I-dependent signaling, we examined the effect of adenovirus-mediated forced expression of wild-type Gab1 (Gab1(WT)), mutated Gab1 that is unable to bind SHP2 (Gab1(DeltaSHP2)), or mutated Gab1 that is unable to bind p85 (Gab1(Deltap85)), on the differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts. IGF-I-induced myogenic differentiation was enhanced in myoblasts overexpressing Gab1(DeltaSHP2), but inhibited in those overexpressing either Gab1(WT) or Gab1(Deltap85). Conversely, IGF-I-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) activation was significantly repressed in myoblasts overexpressing Gab1(DeltaSHP2) but enhanced in those overexpressing either Gab1(WT) or Gab1(Deltap85). Furthermore, small interference RNA-mediated Gab1 knockdown enhanced myogenic differentiation. Overexpression of catalytic-inactive SHP2 modulated IGF-I-induced myogenic differentiation and ERK1/2 activation similarly to that of Gab1(DeltaSHP2), suggesting that Gab1-SHP2 complex inhibits IGF-I-dependent myogenesis through ERK1/2. Consistently, the blockade of ERK1/2 pathway reversed the inhibitory effect of Gab1(WT) overexpression on myogenic differentiation, and constitutive activation of the ERK1/2 pathway suppressed the enhanced myogenic differentiation by overexpression of Gab1(DeltaSHP2). Collectively, these data suggest that the Gab1-SHP2-ERK1/2 signaling pathway comprises an inhibitory axis for IGF-I-dependent myogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Koyama
- Department of Structural Analysis, National Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 5-7-1 Fujishirodai, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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