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Wang Y, Wang B, Gao Y, Nakanishi H, Gao XD, Li Z. Highly efficient expression and secretion of human lysozyme using multiple strategies in Pichia pastoris. Biotechnol J 2023; 18:e2300259. [PMID: 37470505 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human lysozyme (hLYZ), an emerging antibacterial agent, has extensive application in the food and pharmaceutical industries. However, the source of hLYZ is particularly limited. RESULTS To achieve highly efficient expression and secretion of hLYZ in Pichia pastoris, multiple strategies including G418 sulfate screening, signal sequence optimization, vacuolar sorting receptor VPS10 disruption, and chaperones/transcription factors co-expression were applied. The maximal enzyme activity of extracellular hLYZ in a shaking flask was 81,600 ± 5230 U mL-1 , which was about five times of original strain. To further reduce the cost, the optimal medium RDMY was developed and the highest hLYZ activity reached 352,000 ± 16,696.5 U mL-1 in a 5 L fermenter. CONCLUSION This research provides a very useful and cost-effective approach for the hLYZ production in P. pastoris and can also be applied to the production of other recombinant proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Buqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yahui Gao
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hideki Nakanishi
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zijie Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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2
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Aufy M, Abdelaziz RF, Hussein AM, Topcagic N, Shamroukh H, Abdel-Maksoud MA, Salem TZ, Studenik CR. Impact of Enniatin B and Beauvericin on Lysosomal Cathepsin B Secretion and Apoptosis Induction. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032030. [PMID: 36768354 PMCID: PMC9916760 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Enniatin B (ENN B) and Beauvericin (BEA) are cyclohexadepsipeptides that can be isolated from Fusarium and Beauveria bassiana, respectively. Both compounds are cytotoxic and ionophoric. In the present study, the mechanism of cell death induced by these compounds was investigated. Epidermal carcinoma-derived cell line KB-3-1 cells were treated with different concentrations of these compounds. The extracellular secretion of cathepsin B increased in a concentration-dependent manner, and the lysosomal staining by lysotracker red was reduced upon the treatment with any of the compounds. However, the extracellular secretion of cathepsin L and cathepsin D were not affected. Inhibition of cathepsin B with specific inhibitor CA074 significantly reduced the cytotoxic effect of both compounds, while inhibition of cathepsin D or cathepsin L did not influence the cytotoxic activities of both compounds. In vitro labelling of lysosomal cysteine cathepsins with Ethyl (2S, 3S)-epoxysuccinate-Leu-Tyr-Acp-Lys (Biotin)-NH2 (DCG04) was not affected in case of cathepsin L upon the treatment with both compounds, while it was significantly reduced in case of cathepsin B. In conclusion, ENN B and BEA increase lysosomal Ph, which inhibits delivery of cathepsin B from Golgi to lysosomes, thereby inducing cathepsin B release in cytosol, which activates caspases and hence the apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Aufy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence:
| | - Ramadan F. Abdelaziz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ahmed M. Hussein
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Programme for Proteomics, Paracelsus Private Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Nermina Topcagic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hadil Shamroukh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mostafa A. Abdel-Maksoud
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tamer Z. Salem
- Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Science and Technology, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza 12511, Egypt
| | - Christian R. Studenik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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3
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Cui L, Zhang Q, Huang Y, Yang L, Zhang J, Jiang X, Jia J, Lv Y, Zhang D, Huang Y. Impaired Retrograde Transport Due to Lack of TBC1D5 Contributes to the Trafficking Defect of Lysosomal Cathepsins in Ischemic/Hypoxic Cardiomyocytes. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:796254. [PMID: 35004909 PMCID: PMC8736705 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.796254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomal dysfunction has been found in many pathological conditions, and methods to improve lysosomal function have been reported to be protective against infarcted hearts. However, the mechanisms underlying lysosomal dysfunction caused by ischemic injury are far less well-established. The retromer complex is implicated in the trafficking of cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (CI-MPR), which is an important protein tag for the proper transport of lysosomal contents and therefore is important for the maintenance of lysosomal function. In this study, we found that the function of retrograde transport in cardiomyocytes was impaired with ischemia/hypoxia (I/H) treatment, which resulted in a decrease in CI-MPR and an abnormal distribution of lysosomal cathepsins. I/H treatment caused a reduction in TBC1D5 and a blockade of the Rab7 membrane cycle, which impeded retromer binding to microtubules and motor proteins, resulting in an impairment of retrograde transport and a decrease in CI-MPR. We also established that TBC1D5 was an important regulator of the distribution of lysosomal cathepsins. Our findings shed light on the regulatory role of retromer in ischemic injury and uncover the regulatory mechanism of TBC1D5 over retromer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cui
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yao Huang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Junhui Zhang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xupin Jiang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.,Department of Plastic Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jiezhi Jia
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yanling Lv
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Dongxia Zhang
- Institute of Burn Research, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yuesheng Huang
- Department of Wound Repair and Institute of Wound Repair, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
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4
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Powell M, Blaskovich MAT, Hansford KA. Targeted Protein Degradation: The New Frontier of Antimicrobial Discovery? ACS Infect Dis 2021; 7:2050-2067. [PMID: 34259518 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.1c00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Targeted protein degradation aims to hijack endogenous protein quality control systems to achieve direct knockdown of protein targets. This exciting technology utilizes event-based pharmacology to produce therapeutic outcomes, a feature that distinguishes it from classical occupancy-based inhibitor agents. Early degrader candidates display resilience to mutations while possessing potent nanomolar activity and high target specificity. Paired with the rapid advancement of our knowledge in the factors driving targeted degradation, the expansion of this style of therapeutic agent to a range of disease indications is eagerly awaited. In particular, the area of antibiotic discovery is sorely lacking in novel approaches, with the Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) crisis looming as the next potential global health calamity. Here, the current advances in targeted protein degradation are highlighted, and potential approaches for designing novel antimicrobial protein degraders are proposed, ranging from adaptations of current strategies to completely novel approaches to targeted protein degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Powell
- Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Mark A. T. Blaskovich
- Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Karl A. Hansford
- Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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5
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Zhou Q, Avila LZ, Konowicz PA, Harrahy J, Finn P, Kim J, Reardon MR, Kyazike J, Brunyak E, Zheng X, Patten SMV, Miller RJ, Pan CQ. Glycan Structure Determinants for Cation-Independent Mannose 6-Phosphate Receptor Binding and Cellular Uptake of a Recombinant Protein. Bioconjug Chem 2013; 24:2025-35. [DOI: 10.1021/bc400365a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qun Zhou
- Genzyme Corporation, A Sanofi Company, Framingham, Massachusetts 01701, United States
| | - Luis Z. Avila
- Genzyme Corporation, A Sanofi Company, Framingham, Massachusetts 01701, United States
| | - Paul A. Konowicz
- Genzyme Corporation, A Sanofi Company, Framingham, Massachusetts 01701, United States
| | - John Harrahy
- Genzyme Corporation, A Sanofi Company, Framingham, Massachusetts 01701, United States
| | - Patrick Finn
- Genzyme Corporation, A Sanofi Company, Framingham, Massachusetts 01701, United States
| | - Jennifer Kim
- Genzyme Corporation, A Sanofi Company, Framingham, Massachusetts 01701, United States
| | - Michael R. Reardon
- Genzyme Corporation, A Sanofi Company, Framingham, Massachusetts 01701, United States
| | - Josephine Kyazike
- Genzyme Corporation, A Sanofi Company, Framingham, Massachusetts 01701, United States
| | - Elizabeth Brunyak
- Genzyme Corporation, A Sanofi Company, Framingham, Massachusetts 01701, United States
| | - Xiaoyang Zheng
- Genzyme Corporation, A Sanofi Company, Framingham, Massachusetts 01701, United States
| | - Scott M. Van Patten
- Genzyme Corporation, A Sanofi Company, Framingham, Massachusetts 01701, United States
| | - Robert J. Miller
- Genzyme Corporation, A Sanofi Company, Framingham, Massachusetts 01701, United States
| | - Clark Q. Pan
- Genzyme Corporation, A Sanofi Company, Framingham, Massachusetts 01701, United States
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6
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Nielsen MS, Keat SJ, Hamati JW, Madsen P, Gutzmann JJ, Engelsberg A, Pedersen KM, Gustafsen C, Nykjaer A, Gliemann J, Hermans-Borgmeyer I, Kuhl D, Petersen CM, Hermey G. Different motifs regulate trafficking of SorCS1 isoforms. Traffic 2008; 9:980-94. [PMID: 18315530 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2008.00731.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The type I transmembrane protein SorCS1 is a member of the Vps10p-domain receptor family comprised of Sortilin, SorLA and SorCS1, -2 and -3. Current information indicates that Sortilin and SorLA mediate intracellular protein trafficking and sorting, but little is known about the cellular functions of the SorCS subgroup. SorCS1 binds platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) and is expressed in isoforms differing only in their cytoplasmic domains. Here, we identify two novel isoforms of mouse SorCS1 designated m-SorCS1c and -d. In situ hybridization revealed a combinatorial expression pattern of the variants in brain and embryonic tissues. We demonstrate that among the mouse variants, only SorCS1c mediates internalization and that the highly conserved SorCS1c is internalized through a canonical tyrosine-based motif. In contrast, human SorCS1a, whose cytoplasmic domain is completely different from mouse SorCS1a, is internalized through a DXXLL motif. We report that the human SorCS1a cytoplasmic domain interacts with the alphaC/sigma2 subunits of the adaptor protein (AP)-2 complex, and internalization of human SorCS1a and -c is mediated by AP-2. Our results suggest that the endocytic isoforms target internalized cargo to lysosomes but are not engaged in Golgi-endosomal transport to a significant degree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten S Nielsen
- MIND center, Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
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7
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Moreno RD. Differential expression of lysosomal associated membrane protein (LAMP-1) during mammalian spermiogenesis. Mol Reprod Dev 2003; 66:202-9. [PMID: 12950108 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.10342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian acrosome is a secretory vesicle of mature sperms that plays an important role in fertilization. Recent evidence had pointed out that some components found at endosomes in somatic cells are associated with the developing acrosome during the early steps of spermiogenesis. Moreover, the mammalian acrosome contains many enzymes found within lysosomes in somatic cells. In this work, we studied the dynamics of some components of the endosome/lysosome system, as a way to understand the complex membrane trafficking circuit established during spermatogenesis. We show that the cation independent-mannose-6-phosphate receptor (CI-MPR) is transiently expressed in the cytoplasm of mid-stage spermatids (steps 5-11). On the other hand, gamma-adaptin, an adaptor molecule of a complex involved in trafficking from the Golgi to lysosomes, was expressed in cytoplasmic vesicles only in pachytene and Cap-phase spermatids (steps 1-5). Our major finding is that the lysosomal protein LAMP-1 is differentially expressed during spermiogenesis. LAMP-1 appears late in spermatogenesis (Acrosome-phase) contrasting with LAMP-2, which is present throughout the complete process. Both proteins appear to be associated with cytoplasmic vesicles and not with the developing acrosome. None of the studied proteins is present in epididymal spermatozoa. Our results suggest that the CI-MPR could be involved in membrane trafficking and/or acrosomal shaping during spermiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo D Moreno
- Unit of Reproduction and Development, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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8
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Dennes A, Madsen P, Nielsen MS, Petersen CM, Pohlmann R. The yeast Vps10p cytoplasmic tail mediates lysosomal sorting in mammalian cells and interacts with human GGAs. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:12288-93. [PMID: 11801606 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112295200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Yeast Vps10p is a receptor for transport of the soluble vacuolar hydrolase carboxypeptidase Y to the lysosome-like vacuole. Its functional equivalents in mammalian cells are the mannose 6-phosphate receptors that mediate sorting to lysosomes of mannose 6-phosphate-containing lysosomal proteins. A chimeric receptor was constructed by substituting the cytoplasmic domain of M(r) 300,000 mannose 6-phosphate receptor with the Vps10p cytoplasmic tail. Expression of the chimera in cells lacking endogenous mannose 6-phosphate receptors resulted in a subcellular receptor distribution and an efficiency in sorting of lysosomal enzymes similar to that of the wild type M(r) 300,000 mannose 6-phosphate receptor. Moreover, the cytoplasmic tail of the Vps10p was found to interact with GGA1 and GGA2, two mammalian members of a recently discovered family of clathrin-binding cytosolic proteins that participate in trans-Golgi network-endosome trafficking in both mammals and yeast. Our findings suggest a conserved machinery for Golgi-endosome/vacuole sorting and may serve as a model for future studies of yeast proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Dennes
- Universitätsklinikum Münster, Institut für Physiologische Chemie und Pathobiochemie, Waldeyerstrasse 15, Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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9
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Olson LJ, Zhang J, Dahms NM, Kim JJP. Twists and turns of the cation-dependent mannose 6-phosphate receptor. Ligand-bound versus ligand-free receptor. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:10156-61. [PMID: 11786557 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112230200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mannose 6-phosphate receptors (MPRs) participate in the biogenesis of lysosomes in higher eukaryotes by transporting soluble acid hydrolases from the trans-Golgi network to late endosomal compartments. The receptors release their ligands into the acidic environment of the late endosome and then return to the trans-Golgi network to repeat the process. However, the mechanism that facilitates ligand binding and dissociation upon changes in pH is not known. We report the crystal structure of the extracytoplasmic domain of the homodimeric cation-dependent MPR in a ligand-free form at pH 6.5. A comparison of the ligand-bound and ligand-free structures reveals a significant change in quaternary structure as well as a reorganization of the binding pocket, with the most prominent change being the relocation of a loop (residues Glu(134)-Cys(141)). The movements involved in the bound-to-free transition of the cation-dependent MPR are reminiscent of those of the oxy-to-deoxy hemoglobin transition. These results allow us to propose a mechanism by which the receptor regulates its ligand binding upon changes in pH; the pK(a) of Glu(133) appears to be responsible for ligand release in the acidic environment of the late endosomal compartment, and the pK(a) values of the sugar phosphate and His(105) are accountable for its inability to bind ligand at the cell surface where the pH is about 7.4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda J Olson
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
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Suter A, Everts V, Boyde A, Jones SJ, Lüllmann-Rauch R, Hartmann D, Hayman AR, Cox TM, Evans MJ, Meister T, von Figura K, Saftig P. Overlapping functions of lysosomal acid phosphatase (LAP) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (Acp5) revealed by doubly deficient mice. Development 2001; 128:4899-910. [PMID: 11731469 DOI: 10.1242/dev.128.23.4899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
To date, two lysosomal acid phosphatases are known to be expressed in cells of the monocyte/phagocyte lineage: the ubiquitously expressed lysosomal acid phosphatase (LAP) and the tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-type 5 (Acp5). Deficiency of either acid phosphatase results in relatively mild phenotypes, suggesting that these enzymes may be capable of mutual complementation. This prompted us to generate LAP/Acp5 doubly deficient mice. LAP/Acp5 doubly deficient mice are viable and fertile but display marked alterations in soft and mineralised tissues. They are characterised by a progressive hepatosplenomegaly, gait disturbances and exaggerated foreshortening of long bones. Histologically, these animals are distinguished by an excessive lysosomal storage in macrophages of the liver, spleen, bone marrow, kidney and by altered growth plates. Microscopic analyses showed an accumulation of osteopontin adjacent to actively resorbing osteoclasts of Acp5- and LAP/Acp5-deficient mice. In osteoclasts of phosphatase-deficient mice, vacuoles were frequently found which contained fine filamentous material. The vacuoles in Acp5- and LAP/Acp5 doubly-deficient osteoclasts also contained crystallite-like features, as well as osteopontin, suggesting that Acp5 is important for processing of this protein. This is further supported by biochemical analyses that demonstrate strongly reduced dephosphorylation of osteopontin incubated with LAP/Acp5-deficient bone extracts. Fibroblasts derived from LAP/Acp5 deficient embryos were still able to dephosphorylate mannose 6-phosphate residues of endocytosed arylsulfatase A. We conclude that for several substrates LAP and Acp5 can substitute for each other and that these acid phosphatases are essential for processing of non-collagenous proteins, including osteopontin, by osteoclasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Suter
- Zentrum Biochemie und Molekulare Zellbiologie, Abt. Biochemie II, Universität Göttingen, Heinrich-Düker-Weg 12, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
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11
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Nielsen MS, Madsen P, Christensen EI, Nykjær A, Gliemann J, Kasper D, Pohlmann R, Petersen CM. The sortilin cytoplasmic tail conveys Golgi-endosome transport and binds the VHS domain of the GGA2 sorting protein. EMBO J 2001; 20:2180-90. [PMID: 11331584 PMCID: PMC125444 DOI: 10.1093/emboj/20.9.2180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 342] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sortilin belongs to a growing family of multiligand type-1 receptors with homology to the yeast receptor Vps10p. Based on structural features and sortilin's intracellular predominance, we have proposed it to be a sorting receptor for ligands in the synthetic pathway as well as on the cell membrane. To test this hypothesis we examine here the cellular trafficking of chimeric receptors containing constructs of the sortilin tail. We report that sorting signals conforming to YXX and dileucine motifs mediate rapid endocytosis of sortilin chimeras, which subsequently travel to the trans-Golgi network, showing little or no recycling. Furthermore, we found that cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MPR300)-sortilin chimeras, expressed in mannose 6-phosphate receptor knockout cells, were almost as efficient as MPR300 itself for transport of newly synthesized beta-hexosaminidase and beta-glucuronidase to lysosomes, and established that the sortilin tail contains potent signals for Golgi-endosome sorting. Finally, we provide evidence suggesting that sortilin is the first example of a mammalian receptor targeted by the recently described GGA family of cytosolic sorting proteins, which condition the Vps10p-mediated sorting of yeast carboxypeptidase Y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten S. Nielsen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and
Department of Cell Biology, University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University of Hamburg and Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Germany Corresponding authors e-mail: or
| | | | - Erik I. Christensen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and
Department of Cell Biology, University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University of Hamburg and Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Germany Corresponding authors e-mail: or
| | | | | | - Dagmar Kasper
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and
Department of Cell Biology, University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University of Hamburg and Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Germany Corresponding authors e-mail: or
| | - Regina Pohlmann
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and
Department of Cell Biology, University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University of Hamburg and Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Germany Corresponding authors e-mail: or
| | - Claus M. Petersen
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and
Department of Cell Biology, University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark, Center for Molecular Neurobiology, University of Hamburg and Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Germany Corresponding authors e-mail: or
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