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Lucena MH, Balasundaram P, Carney M, Green E, Breilyn MS, Fuloria M. Leukocytosis and Splenomegaly in a Neonate With NRAS Mutation. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2024; 63:451-455. [PMID: 37264612 DOI: 10.1177/00099228231176341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle H Lucena
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Palanikumar Balasundaram
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Megan Carney
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Erica Green
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Margo S Breilyn
- Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mamta Fuloria
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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Zhang JH, Chen H, Ruan DD, Chen Y, Zhang L, Gao MZ, Chen Q, Yu HP, Wu JY, Lin XF, Fang ZT, Zheng XL, Luo JW, Liao LS, Li H. Adult type I Gaucher disease with splenectomy caused by a compound heterozygous GBA1 mutation in a Chinese patient: a case report. Ann Hematol 2024; 103:1765-1774. [PMID: 38509388 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-024-05710-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD) is an autosomal recessive ailment resulting from glucocerebrosidase deficiency caused by a mutation in the GBA1 gene, leading to multi-organ problems in the liver, spleen, and bone marrow. In China, GD is extremely uncommon and has a lower incidence rate than worldwide. In this study, we report the case of an adult male with an enlarged spleen for 13 years who presented with abdominal distension, severe loss of appetite and weight, reduction of the three-line due to hypersplenism, frequent nosebleeds, and bloody stools. Regrettably, the unexpected discovery of splenic pathology suggestive of splenic Gaucher disease was only made after a splenectomy due to a lack of knowledge about rare disorders. Our patient's delayed diagnosis may have been due to the department where he was originally treated, but it highlights the need for multidisciplinary consultation in splenomegaly of unknown etiology. We then investigated the patient's clinical phenotypes and gene mutation features using genetically phenotypical analysis. The analysis of the GBA1 gene sequence indicated that the patient carried a compound heterozygous mutation consisting of two potentially disease-causing mutations: c.907C > A (p. Leu303Ile) and c.1448 T > C (p. Leu483Pro). While previous research has linked the p. Leu483Pro mutation site to neurologic GD phenotypes (GD2 and GD3), the patients in this investigation were identified as having non-neuronopathic GD1. The other mutation, p. Leu303Ile, is a new GD-related mutation not indexed in PubMed that enriches the GBA1 gene mutation spectrum. Biosignature analysis has shown that both mutations alter the protein's three-dimensional structure, which may be a pathogenic mechanism for GD1 in this patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Hui Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, No.134 Dong Street, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, No.134 Dong Street, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Dan-Dan Ruan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, No.134 Dong Street, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, No.134 Dong Street, Fuzhou, 350001, China
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, No.134 Dong Street, Fuzhou, 350001, China
- Department of Nephrology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mei-Zhu Gao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, No.134 Dong Street, Fuzhou, 350001, China
- Department of Nephrology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, No.134 Dong Street, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Hong-Ping Yu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, No.134 Dong Street, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Jia-Yi Wu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, No.134 Dong Street, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Xin-Fu Lin
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, No.134 Dong Street, Fuzhou, 350001, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhu-Ting Fang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, No.134 Dong Street, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Zheng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, No.134 Dong Street, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
- Department of Digestive Endoscopy, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Jie-Wei Luo
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, No.134 Dong Street, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Li-Sheng Liao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, No.134 Dong Street, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, No.134 Dong Street, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China.
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3
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Paskiewicz A, Niu J, Chang C. Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome: A disorder of immune dysregulation. Autoimmun Rev 2023; 22:103442. [PMID: 37683818 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2023.103442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome (ALPS) is an autoimmune disease that has been reported in over 2200 patients. It is a rare, genetic disease where pathogenic variants occur in the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis. Various mutations in different genes, such as FAS, FASL, and CASP10, can result in ALPS. Most commonly, pathogenic variants occur in the FAS receptor. This malfunctioning pathway allows for the abnormal accumulation of lymphocytes, namely CD3 + TCRαβ+CD4 - CD8- (double negative (DN) T) cells, which are a hallmark of the disease. This disease usually presents in childhood with lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly as a result of lymphoproliferation. Over time, these patients may develop cytopenias or lymphomas because of irregularities in the immune system. Current treatments include glucocorticoids, mycophenolate mofetil, sirolimus, immunoglobulin G, and rituximab. These medications serve to manage the symptoms and there are no standardized recommendations for the management of ALPS. The only curative therapy is a bone marrow transplant, but this is rarely done because of the complications. This review serves to broaden the understanding of ALPS by discussing the mechanism of immune dysregulation, how the symptoms manifest, and the mechanisms of treatment. Additionally, we discuss the epidemiology, comorbidities, and medications relating to ALPS patients across the United States using data from Cosmos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Paskiewicz
- Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431, USA.
| | - Jianli Niu
- Office of Human Research, Memorial Healthcare System, Hollywood, FL 33021, USA.
| | - Christopher Chang
- Division of Immunology, Allergy and Pediatric Rheumatology, Joe DiMaggio Children's Hospital, Memorial Healthcare System, Hollywood, FL 33021, USA.
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Cooray S, Price-Kuehne F, Hong Y, Omoyinmi E, Burleigh A, Gilmour KC, Ahmad B, Choi S, Bahar MW, Torpiano P, Gagunashvili A, Jensen B, Bellos E, Sancho-Shimizu V, Herberg JA, Mankad K, Kumar A, Kaliakatsos M, Worth AJJ, Eleftheriou D, Whittaker E, Brogan PA. Neuroinflammation, autoinflammation, splenomegaly and anemia caused by bi-allelic mutations in IRAK4. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1231749. [PMID: 37744344 PMCID: PMC10516541 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1231749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe a novel, severe autoinflammatory syndrome characterized by neuroinflammation, systemic autoinflammation, splenomegaly, and anemia (NASA) caused by bi-allelic mutations in IRAK4. IRAK-4 is a serine/threonine kinase with a pivotal role in innate immune signaling from toll-like receptors and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In humans, bi-allelic mutations in IRAK4 result in IRAK-4 deficiency and increased susceptibility to pyogenic bacterial infections, but autoinflammation has never been described. We describe 5 affected patients from 2 unrelated families with compound heterozygous mutations in IRAK4 (c.C877T (p.Q293*)/c.G958T (p.D320Y); and c.A86C (p.Q29P)/c.161 + 1G>A) resulting in severe systemic autoinflammation, massive splenomegaly and severe transfusion dependent anemia and, in 3/5 cases, severe neuroinflammation and seizures. IRAK-4 protein expression was reduced in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in affected patients. Immunological analysis demonstrated elevated serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin (IL) 1 beta (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-8, interferon α2a (IFN-α2a), and interferon β (IFN-β); and elevated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) IL-6 without elevation of CSF IFN-α despite perturbed interferon gene signature. Mutations were located within the death domain (DD; p.Q29P and splice site mutation c.161 + 1G>A) and kinase domain (p.Q293*/p.D320Y) of IRAK-4. Structure-based modeling of the DD mutation p.Q29P showed alteration in the alignment of a loop within the DD with loss of contact distance and hydrogen bond interactions with IRAK-1/2 within the myddosome complex. The kinase domain mutation p.D320Y was predicted to stabilize interactions within the kinase active site. While precise mechanisms of autoinflammation in NASA remain uncertain, we speculate that loss of negative regulation of IRAK-4 and IRAK-1; dysregulation of myddosome assembly and disassembly; or kinase active site instability may drive dysregulated IL-6 and TNF production. Blockade of IL-6 resulted in immediate and complete amelioration of systemic autoinflammation and anemia in all 5 patients treated; however, neuroinflammation has, so far proven recalcitrant to IL-6 blockade and the janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor baricitinib, likely due to lack of central nervous system penetration of both drugs. We therefore highlight that bi-allelic mutation in IRAK4 may be associated with a severe and complex autoinflammatory and neuroinflammatory phenotype that we have called NASA (neuroinflammation, autoinflammation, splenomegaly and anemia), in addition to immunodeficiency in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Cooray
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Department, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Price-Kuehne
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Department, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ying Hong
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Department, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ebun Omoyinmi
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Department, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alice Burleigh
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Department, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology Versus Arthritis, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kimberly C. Gilmour
- Department of Immunology and Gene Therapy, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bilal Ahmad
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangdun Choi
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammad W. Bahar
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Torpiano
- Department of Immunology and Gene Therapy, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrey Gagunashvili
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Barbara Jensen
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Department, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Evangelos Bellos
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vanessa Sancho-Shimizu
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jethro A. Herberg
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, St Mary’s Hospital, Imperial College NHS Healthcare Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kshitij Mankad
- Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Atul Kumar
- Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marios Kaliakatsos
- Department of Neurology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Austen J. J. Worth
- Department of Immunology and Gene Therapy, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Despina Eleftheriou
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Department, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Whittaker
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, St Mary’s Hospital, Imperial College NHS Healthcare Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paul A. Brogan
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Department, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
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Shih YH, Huang YC, Lin CY, Lin HY, Kuo SF, Lin JS, Shen MC. A large family of hereditary spherocytosis and a rare case of hereditary elliptocytosis with a novel SPTA1 mutation underdiagnosed in Taiwan: A case report and literature review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e32708. [PMID: 36705355 PMCID: PMC9875991 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Hereditary spherocytosis (HS) has a defect in the vertically connected proteins on the cell membrane of red blood cells (RBC). Hereditary elliptocytosis (HE) has a defect in proteins that connect the cell membrane horizontally. We reported two families of RBC membrane disorders in Taiwanese, one was HS and the other was HE. PATIENT CONCERNS Case 1. A 19-year-old male student with chronic jaundice and splenomegaly. His mother, maternal uncle, grandmother, and many members of older generations also had splenomegaly and underwent splenectomy. Case 2. A 40-year-old man has experienced pallor and jaundice since the age of 20 and was found to have splenomegaly, and gall bladder stones in the older age. His younger sister also had pallor and jaundice for a long time. DIAGNOSES In case 1, a peripheral blood smear showed 20% spherocytes. Eosin-5-maleimide labeled RBC by flow cytometry showed a result of 30.6 MCF (cutoff value: 45.5 MCF). He was diagnosed with HS. The gene analysis identified a heterozygous mutation with c.166A > G (p.Lys56Glu) in the SLC4A1 gene in this proband, his mother, and maternal uncle. In case 2, more than 40% of ellipsoid RBC present in the peripheral blood smear. He was diagnosed with HE. Genetic analysis of the SPTA1 gene identified a novel heterozygous exon2, c.86A > C, p.Gln29Prol mutation. INTERVENTIONS The two patients had compensated anemia, clinical follow-up instead of splenectomy was done. OUTCOMES The two patients had normal daily activities and lives. LESSONS We reported two Taiwanese families, one was hereditary spherocytosis affected by a heterozygous mutation with c.166A > G (p.Lys56Glu) in SLC4A1, and the other was hereditary elliptocytosis caused by a novel heterozygous SPTA1 gene mutation, c. 86A > C, p.Gln29Prol. These 2 seemingly common hereditary red blood cell membrane protein defects induced by hemolysis are usually underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hung Shih
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua City, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chih Huang
- Department of Research, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua City, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yeh Lin
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua City, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Yu Lin
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua City, Taiwan
| | - Su-Feng Kuo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua City, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Shiou Lin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua City, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ching Shen
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua City, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- * Correspondence: Ming-Ching Shen, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Changhua Christian Hospital, No. 135, Nanxiao Street, Changhua City, Changhua County 500209, Taiwan (e-mail: )
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Henry B, Volle G, Akpovi H, Gineau L, Roussel C, Ndour PA, Tossou F, Suarez F, Palstra F, Fricot A, Chambrion C, Solinc J, Nguyen J, Garé M, Aussenac F, Cottart CH, Keyser C, Adamou R, Tichit M, Hardy D, Fievet N, Clain J, Garcia A, Courtin D, Hermine O, Sabbagh A, Buffet P. Splenic clearance of rigid erythrocytes as an inherited mechanism for splenomegaly and natural resistance to malaria. EBioMedicine 2022; 82:104167. [PMID: 35843175 PMCID: PMC9297103 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Henry
- Université Paris Cité, Biologie Intégrée du Globule Rouge, UMR_S1134, BIGR, INSERM, Paris, France; Laboratoire d'Excellence Gr-Ex, Paris, France; Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France; Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, APHP, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Centre d'Infectiologie Necker-Pasteur, Institut Imagine, Paris, France; Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, APHP. Université Paris Saclay, Hôpital Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Geoffroy Volle
- Université Paris Cité, Biologie Intégrée du Globule Rouge, UMR_S1134, BIGR, INSERM, Paris, France; Laboratoire d'Excellence Gr-Ex, Paris, France; Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France
| | - Hilaire Akpovi
- CERPAGE (Centre d'Etude et de Recherche sur les Pathologies Associées à la Grossesse et à l'Enfance), Cotonou, Bénin
| | - Laure Gineau
- Laboratoire d'Excellence Gr-Ex, Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, IRD, MERIT, Paris, France
| | - Camille Roussel
- Université Paris Cité, Biologie Intégrée du Globule Rouge, UMR_S1134, BIGR, INSERM, Paris, France; Laboratoire d'Excellence Gr-Ex, Paris, France; Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France
| | - Papa Alioune Ndour
- Université Paris Cité, Biologie Intégrée du Globule Rouge, UMR_S1134, BIGR, INSERM, Paris, France; Laboratoire d'Excellence Gr-Ex, Paris, France; Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France
| | - Félicien Tossou
- Centre Interfacultaire de Formation et de Recherche en Environnement pour le Développement Durable (CIFRED), Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Bénin; Ministère de la Santé, Cotonou, Bénin
| | - Felipe Suarez
- Laboratoire d'Excellence Gr-Ex, Paris, France; Service d'hématologie adultes, APHP, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1163, CNRS ERL 8654, Paris, France
| | - Friso Palstra
- Laboratoire d'Excellence Gr-Ex, Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, IRD, MERIT, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Fricot
- Université Paris Cité, Biologie Intégrée du Globule Rouge, UMR_S1134, BIGR, INSERM, Paris, France; Laboratoire d'Excellence Gr-Ex, Paris, France; Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France
| | - Charlotte Chambrion
- Université Paris Cité, Biologie Intégrée du Globule Rouge, UMR_S1134, BIGR, INSERM, Paris, France; Laboratoire d'Excellence Gr-Ex, Paris, France; Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France
| | - Julien Solinc
- Université Paris Cité, Biologie Intégrée du Globule Rouge, UMR_S1134, BIGR, INSERM, Paris, France; Laboratoire d'Excellence Gr-Ex, Paris, France; Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France
| | - Julie Nguyen
- Laboratoire d'Excellence Gr-Ex, Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, IRD, MERIT, Paris, France
| | - Mathilde Garé
- CERPAGE (Centre d'Etude et de Recherche sur les Pathologies Associées à la Grossesse et à l'Enfance), Cotonou, Bénin; Université Paris Cité, IRD, MERIT, Paris, France
| | - Florentin Aussenac
- CERPAGE (Centre d'Etude et de Recherche sur les Pathologies Associées à la Grossesse et à l'Enfance), Cotonou, Bénin; Université Paris Cité, IRD, MERIT, Paris, France
| | - Charles-Henry Cottart
- Service de biochimie générale, APHP, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Faculté de pharmacie, Paris, France
| | | | - Rafiou Adamou
- CERPAGE (Centre d'Etude et de Recherche sur les Pathologies Associées à la Grossesse et à l'Enfance), Cotonou, Bénin
| | - Magali Tichit
- Institut Pasteur, Experimental Neuropathology Unit, Paris, France
| | - David Hardy
- Institut Pasteur, Experimental Neuropathology Unit, Paris, France
| | - Nadine Fievet
- Laboratoire d'Excellence Gr-Ex, Paris, France; CERPAGE (Centre d'Etude et de Recherche sur les Pathologies Associées à la Grossesse et à l'Enfance), Cotonou, Bénin; Université Paris Cité, IRD, MERIT, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Clain
- Laboratoire d'Excellence Gr-Ex, Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, IRD, MERIT, Paris, France
| | - André Garcia
- Laboratoire d'Excellence Gr-Ex, Paris, France; CERPAGE (Centre d'Etude et de Recherche sur les Pathologies Associées à la Grossesse et à l'Enfance), Cotonou, Bénin; Université Paris Cité, IRD, MERIT, Paris, France
| | - David Courtin
- Laboratoire d'Excellence Gr-Ex, Paris, France; CERPAGE (Centre d'Etude et de Recherche sur les Pathologies Associées à la Grossesse et à l'Enfance), Cotonou, Bénin; Université Paris Cité, IRD, MERIT, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Hermine
- Laboratoire d'Excellence Gr-Ex, Paris, France; Service d'hématologie adultes, APHP, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1163, CNRS ERL 8654, Paris, France
| | - Audrey Sabbagh
- Laboratoire d'Excellence Gr-Ex, Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, IRD, MERIT, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Buffet
- Université Paris Cité, Biologie Intégrée du Globule Rouge, UMR_S1134, BIGR, INSERM, Paris, France; Laboratoire d'Excellence Gr-Ex, Paris, France; Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris, France; Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
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7
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Ramdas B, Yuen LD, Palam LR, Patel R, Pasupuleti SK, Jideonwo V, Zhang J, Maguire C, Wong E, Kanumuri R, Zhang C, Sandusky G, Chan RJ, Zhang C, Stieglitz E, Haneline L, Kapur R. Inhibition of BTK and PI3Kδ impairs the development of human JMML stem and progenitor cells. Mol Ther 2022; 30:2505-2521. [PMID: 35443935 PMCID: PMC9263321 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) is an aggressive myeloproliferative neoplasia that lacks effective targeted chemotherapies. Clinically, JMML manifests as monocytic leukocytosis, splenomegaly with consequential thrombocytopenia. Most commonly, patients have gain-of-function (GOF) oncogenic mutations in PTPN11 (SHP2), leading to Erk and Akt hyperactivation. Mechanism(s) involved in co-regulation of Erk and Akt in the context of GOF SHP2 are poorly understood. Here, we show that Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is hyperphosphorylated in GOF Shp2-bearing cells and utilizes B cell adaptor for PI3K to cooperate with p110δ, the catalytic subunit of PI3K. Dual inhibition of BTK and p110δ reduces the activation of both Erk and Akt. In vivo, individual targeting of BTK or p110δ in a mouse model of human JMML equally reduces monocytosis and splenomegaly; however, the combined treatment results in a more robust inhibition and uniquely rescues anemia and thrombocytopenia. RNA-seq analysis of drug-treated mice showed a profound reduction in the expression of genes associated with leukemic cell migration and inflammation, leading to correction in the infiltration of leukemic cells in the lung, liver, and spleen. Remarkably, in a patient derived xenograft model of JMML, leukemia-initiating stem and progenitor cells were potently inhibited in response to the dual drug treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baskar Ramdas
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Lisa Deng Yuen
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lakshmi Reddy Palam
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Roshini Patel
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Santhosh Kumar Pasupuleti
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Victoria Jideonwo
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Ji Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Callista Maguire
- Department of Pathology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Eric Wong
- Department of Pediatrics, Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rahul Kanumuri
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Chujing Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - George Sandusky
- Department of Pathology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Rebecca J Chan
- Senior Director, Oncology, U.S. Medical Affairs, Gilead Sciences, Inc., 333 Lakeside Drive, Foster City, CA, USA
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Elliot Stieglitz
- Department of Pediatrics, Benioff Children's Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Laura Haneline
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Reuben Kapur
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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8
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Sun XY, Xue Y, Wang YP, Huang J, Lin RF, Kang MY, Fang YJ. [Clinical phenotype and genotype of Gaucher disease in 14 children]. Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi 2022; 60:527-532. [PMID: 35658357 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20220228-00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the clinical and genetical characteristics of children with Gaucher disease and to explore the relationship between genotype and phenotype. Methods: In this retrospective study, the clinical data of 14 children with Gaucher disease diagnosed in Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from August 2016 to October 2021 were analyzed. Their general conditions, clinical manifestations, laboratory tests and gene variations were collected, followed by the analysis of the clinical phenotypes and genotypes. Results: Among 14 children diagnosed with Gaucher disease, 9 were males and 5 were females, with the age of diagnosis ranging from 0.7 to 15.8 years. There were 10 patients with type 1 Gaucher disease, 2 patients with type 2, and 2 patients with type 3. The most common clinical manifestations were splenomegaly, thrombocytopenia (14 cases), hepatomegaly (8 cases) and anemia (8 cases). There were 6 patients with growth retardation, and 5 patients lag in height compared with their peers. Bone abnormalities were revealed by magnetic resonance imaging in 7 type 1 Gaucher disease patients, but only 1 patient experienced bone pain. Patients with type 2 and type 3 Gaucher disease also presented with convulsions, nystagmus and hearing loss. Gaucher cells were found in bone marrow smears in 12 patients. The glucocerebrosidase gene variations identified in 13 patients were heterozygous and in 1 type 1 patient was homozygous of L483P. L483P variation accounted for 33%(10/30) of the variation alleles, followed by V414L, D448H and R159W. The variation alleles were L483P and L422R, F252I and L483P in 2 children with severe neurological manifestations of Gaucher disease. A novel variation c.22A>G was detected. Conclusions: Splenomegaly and thrombocytopenia are the main clinical presentations of Gaucher disease in children and bone lesions revealed by radiologic imaging appear prior to the occurrence of bone diseases, type 2 and type 3 Gaucher disease also present growth retardation and neurological manifestation. The most frequent variant allele is L483P, which are detected in all 3 subtypes of Gaucher disease. The L422R, F252I gene variants correlated with the neuronopathic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Y Sun
- Department of Hematological Oncology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Y Xue
- Department of Hematological Oncology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Y P Wang
- Department of Hematological Oncology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - J Huang
- Department of Hematological Oncology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - R F Lin
- Department of Hematological Oncology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - M Y Kang
- Department of Hematological Oncology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Y J Fang
- Department of Hematological Oncology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
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9
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Kumar A, Gupta DK, Saluja S. Study of Clinical, Hematological and Molecular Characteristics of Patients of Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathies in Tertiary Care Hospital. J Assoc Physicians India 2022; 70:11-12. [PMID: 35443538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To study clinical, hematological and molecular characteristics of patients of thalassemia and hemoglobinopathies and to correlate the molecular characteristics with clinical and hematological presentations. Material: This observational cross sectional study included 100 patients of age >12 years of all genders with chronic haemolytic anemia and history of multiple blood transfusion. Blood and radiological investigations were done. Clinical, hematological and molecular characteristics were studied. Observation and Clinical: Pallor was present in all cases and icterus in 32% cases. Total 48% of the patients had hepatomegaly and 98% had splenomegaly. Among genotypes, 15% cases had α-thalassemia, 62% had β thalassemia + δβ thalassemia, 7% had HbS hemoglobinopathy, and 16% had HbE hemoglobinopathy. Hematological: Hemoglobin showed significant association with molecular genotypes of thalassemia with lowest being present in β-thalassemia + δβ thalassemia and HbE.MCV showed significant association with molecular genotypes, with HbE having the lowest MCV of 65.5 fl. LDH levels showed a significant association with molecular genotype with highest being in HbS hemoglobinopathy. Molecular Characteristics: Common mutations in compound α-thalassemia were 3.7, 4.2 and 20.5 deletion. As for β-thalassemia and δβ thalassemia, 47 cases had heterozygous type and 15 cases had homozygous types. In β-thalassemia, the homozygous type showed IVS1- 5(G→C),CD 41/42(→CTT) and IVSII-654(G→T) while heterozygous type showed CD16(→G), CD 41/42(→CTT), IVS1-5(G→C), and IVSII-654(G→T) . In δβ thalassemia, the heterozygous type showed δβ inversion mutation.In HbS hemoglobinopathy, heterozygous type showed Codon 6(A→T) and compound heterozygous type showed IVS1- 5(G→C) and Codon 6(A→T). In HbE hemoglobinopathy,the homozygous type showed CD26(G→A) and compound heterozygous type showed IVS1-5(G→C) and IVSII 654(G→T). Conclusion: The common thalassemia genotypes observed in our study were α-thalassemia (15%), β thalassemia + δβ thalassemia, (62%) HbS hemoglobinopathy (7%), and HbE hemoglobinopathy (16%). The patients presented with pallor, icterus, hepatomegaly, and splenomegaly which were comparable among all molecular genotypes of thalassemia and hemoglobinopathies. α-thalassemia had compound α-thalassemia with common mutations being 3.7, 4.2 and 20.5 deletion. As for β-thalassemia and δβ thalassemia, 47 cases had heterozygous type and 15 cases had homozygous types. In δβ thalassemia, the heterozygous type showed δβ inversion mutation in 5 cases. MCH, Retic count, ferritin stores, and peripheral blood smear were similar in all molecular genotypes. Hemoglobin, MCV and LDH showed a significant association with molecular genotypes. Microcytic hypochromic anaemia was commonest among all.The findings of the present study show that the genotypes of thalassemia are characterized by diversity as well as significant genetic heterogeneities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - D K Gupta
- VMMC and Safdarjung Hospital, Aligarh
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10
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Ferencz B, Condac E, Poudel N, Munteanu MC, Sivasami P, Choudhury B, Naidu NN, Zhang F, Breshears M, Linhardt RJ, Hinsdale ME. Xylosyltransferase 2 deficiency and organ homeostasis. Glycoconj J 2020; 37:755-765. [PMID: 32965647 PMCID: PMC9248025 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-020-09945-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we characterize the function of Xylosyltransferase 2 (XylT2) in different tissues to investigate the role XylT2 has in the proteoglycan (PG) biochemistry of multiple organs. The results show that in all organs examined there is a widespread and significant decrease in total XylT activity in Xylt2 knock out mice (Xylt2-/-). This decrease results in increased organ weight differences in lung, heart, and spleen. These findings, in addition to our previous findings of increased liver and kidney weight with loss of serum XylT activity, suggest systemic changes in organ function due to loss of XylT2 activity. The Xylt2-/- mice have splenomegaly due to enlargement of the red pulp area and enhanced pulmonary response to bacterial liposaccharide. Tissue glycosaminoglycan composition changes are also found. These results demonstrate a role of XylT2 activity in multiple organs and their PG content. Because the residual XylT activity in the Xylt2-/- is due to xylosyltransferase 1 (XylT1), these studies indicate that both XylT1 and XylT2 have important roles in PG biosynthesis and organ homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrix Ferencz
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Eduard Condac
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Nabin Poudel
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | | | - Pulavendran Sivasami
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Biswa Choudhury
- Glycotechnology Core Lab, Cellular and Molecular Medicine East, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0687, USA
| | | | - Fuming Zhang
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180-3590, USA
| | - Melanie Breshears
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180-3590, USA
| | - Myron E Hinsdale
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
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11
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Zhu M, Deng G, Tan P, Xing C, Guan C, Jiang C, Zhang Y, Ning B, Li C, Yin B, Chen K, Zhao Y, Wang HY, Levine B, Nie G, Wang RF. Beclin 2 negatively regulates innate immune signaling and tumor development. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:5349-5369. [PMID: 32865519 PMCID: PMC7524487 DOI: 10.1172/jci133283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Beclin 2 plays a critical role in metabolic regulation and obesity, but its functions in innate immune signaling and cancer development remain largely unknown. Here, we identified Beclin 2 as a critical negative regulator of inflammation and lymphoma development. Mice with homozygous ablation of BCL2-interacting protein 2 (Becn2) developed splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy and markedly increased ERK1/2 and NF-κB signaling for proinflammatory cytokine production. Beclin 2 targeted the key signaling kinases MEKK3 and TAK1 for degradation through an ATG9A-dependent, but ATG16L/Beclin 1/LC3-independent, autophagic pathway. Mechanistically, Beclin 2 recruited MEKK3 or TAK1 through ATG9A to form a complex (Beclin 2-ATG9A-MEKK3) on ATG9A+ vesicles upon ULK1 activation. Beclin 2 further interacted with STX5 and STX6 to promote the fusion of MEKK3- or TAK1-associated ATG9A+ vesicles to phagophores for subsequent degradation. Importantly, Becn2-deficient mice had a markedly increased incidence of lymphoma development, with persistent STAT3 activation. Myeloid-specific ablation of MEKK3 (Map3k3) completely rescued the phenotypes (splenomegaly, higher amounts of proinflammatory cytokines, and cancer incidence) of Becn2-deficient mice. Hence, our findings have identified an important role of Beclin 2 in the negative regulation of innate immune signaling and tumor development through an ATG9A-dependent, but ATG16L/Beclin 1/LC3-independent, autophagic pathway, thus providing a potential target for the treatment of inflammatory diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motao Zhu
- Department of Medicine and
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, China
| | - Guangtong Deng
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
- General Surgery Department, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Peng Tan
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Changsheng Xing
- Department of Medicine and
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Cuiping Guan
- Department of Dermatology, Third People’s Hospital of Hangzhou, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chongming Jiang
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yinlong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Ning
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Chaoran Li
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
- General Surgery Department, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bingnan Yin
- Department of Medicine and
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kaifu Chen
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yuliang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, China
| | - Helen Y. Wang
- Department of Medicine and
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Beth Levine
- Center for Autophagy Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Guangjun Nie
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing, China
| | - Rong-Fu Wang
- Department of Medicine and
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Center for Inflammation and Epigenetics, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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12
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Jones SA, McGovern M, Lidove O, Giugliani R, Mistry PK, Dionisi-Vici C, Munoz-Rojas MV, Nalysnyk L, Schecter AD, Wasserstein M. Clinical relevance of endpoints in clinical trials for acid sphingomyelinase deficiency enzyme replacement therapy. Mol Genet Metab 2020; 131:116-123. [PMID: 32616389 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2020.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acid sphingomyelinase deficiency (ASMD) also known as Niemann-Pick disease, is a rare lysosomal storage disorder with a diverse disease spectrum that includes slowly progressive, chronic visceral (type B) and neurovisceral forms (intermediate type A/B), in addition to infantile, rapidly progressive fatal neurovisceral disease (type A). PURPOSE AND METHODS We review the published evidence on the relevance of splenomegaly and reduced lung diffusion capacity to the clinical burden of chronic forms of ASMD. Targeted literature searches were conducted to identify relevant ASMD and non-ASMD studies for associations between diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCO) and splenomegaly, with clinical parameters and outcome measures. RESULTS Respiratory disease and organomegaly are primary and independent contributors to mortality, disease burden, and morbidity for patients with chronic ASMD. The degree of splenomegaly correlates with short stature, atherogenic lipid profile, and degree of abnormality of hematologic parameters, and thus may be considered a surrogate marker for bleeding risk, abnormal lipid profiles and possibly, liver fibrosis. Progressive lung disease is a prevalent clinical feature of chronic ASMD, contributing to a decreased quality of life (QoL) and an increased disease burden. In addition, respiratory-related complications are a major cause of mortality in ASMD. CONCLUSIONS The reviewed evidence from ASMD natural history and observational studies supports the use of lung function and spleen volume as clinically meaningful endpoints in ASMD trials that translate into important measures of disease burden for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon A Jones
- Manchester University NHS Trust Ctr Genomic Medicine, Manchester, UK.
| | | | - Olivier Lidove
- Groupe Hospitalier Diaconesses-Croix St Simon, Paris, France
| | - Roberto Giugliani
- Med Genet Serv & DR BRASIL Research Group, HCPA, Dept Genetics, UFRGS, and INAGEMP, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Melissa Wasserstein
- Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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Ishizuka K, Fujii W, Azuma N, Mizobuchi H, Morimoto A, Sanjoba C, Matsumoto Y, Goto Y. Pathological roles of MRP14 in anemia and splenomegaly during experimental visceral leishmaniasis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008020. [PMID: 31961866 PMCID: PMC6994150 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid-related protein 14 (MRP14) belongs to the S100 calcium-binding protein family and is expressed in neutrophils and inflammatory macrophages. Increase in the number of MRP14+ cells or serum level of MRP14 is associated with various diseases such as autoimmune diseases and infectious diseases, suggesting the involvement of the molecule in pathogenesis of those diseases. In this study, to examine the pathological involvement of MRP14 during cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis, wild-type (WT) and MRP14 knockout (MRP14KO) mice were infected with Leishmania major and L. donovani. Increase in the number of MRP14+ cells at the infection sites in wild-type mice was commonly found in the skin during L. major infection as well as the spleen and liver during L. donovani infection. In contrast, the influence of MRP14 to the pathology seemed different between the two infections. MRP14 depletion exacerbated the lesion development and ulcer formation in L. major infection. On the other hand, the depletion improved anemia and splenomegaly but not hepatomegaly at 24 weeks of L. donovani infection. These results suggest that, distinct from its protective role in CL, MRP14 is involved in exacerbation of some symptoms during VL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanna Ishizuka
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Animal Resource Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Fujii
- Laboratory of Applied Genetics, Department of Animal Resource Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Natsuho Azuma
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Animal Resource Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruka Mizobuchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Animal Resource Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayako Morimoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Animal Resource Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chizu Sanjoba
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Animal Resource Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitsugu Matsumoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Animal Resource Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Goto
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Animal Resource Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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14
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Manshouri T, Verstovsek S, Harris DM, Veletic I, Zhang X, Post SM, Bueso-Ramos CE, Estrov Z. Primary myelofibrosis marrow-derived CD14+/CD34- monocytes induce myelofibrosis-like phenotype in immunodeficient mice and give rise to megakaryocytes. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222912. [PMID: 31569199 PMCID: PMC6768666 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
To confirm that neoplastic monocyte-derived collagen- and fibronectin-producing fibrocytes induce bone marrow (BM) fibrosis in primary myelofibrosis (PMF), we injected PMF BM-derived fibrocyte-precursor CD14+/CD34- monocytes into the tail vein of NOD-SCID-γ (NSG) mice. PMF BM-derived CD14+/CD34- monocytes engrafted and induced a PMF-like phenotype with splenomegaly, myeloid hyperplasia with clusters of atypical megakaryocytes, persistence of the JAK2V617F mutation, and BM and spleen fibrosis. As control we used normal human BM-derived CD14+/CD34- monocytes. These monocytes also engrafted and gave rise to normal megakaryocytes that, like PMF CD14+/CD34--derived megakaryocytes, expressed HLA-ABC and human CD42b antigens. Using 2 clonogenic assays we confirmed that PMF and normal BM-derived CD14+/CD34- monocytes give rise to megakaryocyte colony-forming cells, suggesting that a subpopulation BM monocytes harbors megakaryocyte progenitor capacity. Taken together, our data suggest that PMF monocytes induce myelofibrosis-like phenotype in immunodeficient mice and that PMF and normal BM-derived CD14+/CD34- monocytes give rise to megakaryocyte progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taghi Manshouri
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Srdan Verstovsek
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - David M. Harris
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Ivo Veletic
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Xiaorui Zhang
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Sean M. Post
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Carlos E. Bueso-Ramos
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Zeev Estrov
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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15
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Saruwatari J, Dong C, Utsumi T, Tanaka M, McConnell M, Iwakiri Y. Integrated analysis of microRNA and mRNA expression profiles in splenomegaly induced by non-cirrhotic portal hypertension in rats. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17983. [PMID: 30573742 PMCID: PMC6301948 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36297-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The spleen plays an important role in the immune and hematopoietic systems. Splenomegaly is a frequent consequence of portal hypertension, but the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. In this study, we have performed a whole-genome microarray analysis combined with histological examination in enlarged spleens isolated from rats with partial portal vein ligation (PPVL) surgery to provide comprehensive profiles of microRNAs and their target mRNAs with a focus on their potential biological functions. A total of 964 mRNAs and 30 microRNAs showed significant differential expression in the spleens of PPVL rats compared to rats undergoing a sham procedure. Twenty-two down-regulated microRNAs were associated with significantly increased genes highly involved in fibrogenic activity and cell proliferation/migration (e.g., Ctgf, Serpine1, Col1a1). Consistently, histological analyses demonstrated increased splenic fibrosis and cell proliferation in the spleens of PPVL rats. Eight up-regulated microRNAs were associated with suppression of genes that are related to interferon-mediated antiviral activity in innate immune responses (e.g., Irf7, Dhx58). In conclusion, we determined a specific microRNA-mRNA network potentially implicated in the tissue fibrosis and cell proliferation in portal hypertension-induced splenomegaly. Our findings provide new insight into the mechanisms for regulation of spleen structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junji Saruwatari
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Chao Dong
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | | | - Masatake Tanaka
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Matthew McConnell
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yasuko Iwakiri
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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16
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Corey SJ, Jha J, McCart EA, Rittase WB, George J, Mattapallil JJ, Mehta H, Ognoon M, Bylicky MA, Summers TA, Day RM. Captopril mitigates splenomegaly and myelofibrosis in the Gata1 low murine model of myelofibrosis. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:4274-4282. [PMID: 29971909 PMCID: PMC6111823 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic stem cell transplantation is currently the only curative therapy for primary myelofibrosis (MF), while the JAK2 inhibitor, ruxolitinib. Has been approved only for palliation. Other therapies are desperately needed to reverse life-threatening MF. However, the cell(s) and cytokine(s) that promote MF remain unclear. Several reports have demonstrated that captopril, an inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme that blocks the production of angiotensin II (Ang II), mitigates fibrosis in heart, lung, skin and kidney. Here, we show that captopril can mitigate the development of MF in the Gata1low mouse model of primary MF. Gata1low mice were treated with 79 mg/kg/d captopril in the drinking water from 10 to 12 months of age. At 13 months of age, bone marrows were examined for fibrosis, megakaryocytosis and collagen expression; spleens were examined for megakaryocytosis, splenomegaly and collagen expression. Treatment of Gata1low mice with captopril in the drinking water was associated with normalization of the bone marrow cellularity; reduced reticulin fibres, splenomegaly and megakaryocytosis; and decreased collagen expression. Our findings suggest that treating with the ACE inhibitors captopril has a significant benefit in overcoming pathological changes associated with MF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth J. Corey
- Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology & Stem Cell TransplantationThe Massey Cancer Center at Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVAUSA
| | - Jyoti Jha
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular TherapeuticsUniformed Services University of the Health SciencesBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Elizabeth A. McCart
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular TherapeuticsUniformed Services University of the Health SciencesBethesdaMDUSA
| | - William B. Rittase
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular TherapeuticsUniformed Services University of the Health SciencesBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Jeffy George
- Department of MicrobiologyUniformed Services University of the Health SciencesBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Joseph J. Mattapallil
- Department of MicrobiologyUniformed Services University of the Health SciencesBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Hrishikesh Mehta
- Division of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology & Stem Cell TransplantationThe Massey Cancer Center at Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVAUSA
| | - Mungunsukh Ognoon
- Department of AnesthesiologyUniformed Services University of the Health SciencesBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Michelle A. Bylicky
- Neuroscience Graduate ProgramUniformed Services University of the Health SciencesBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Thomas A. Summers
- Department of PathologyUniformed Services University of the Health SciencesBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Regina M. Day
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular TherapeuticsUniformed Services University of the Health SciencesBethesdaMDUSA
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17
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Li J, Prins D, Park HJ, Grinfeld J, Gonzalez-Arias C, Loughran S, Dovey OM, Klampfl T, Bennett C, Hamilton TL, Pask DC, Sneade R, Williams M, Aungier J, Ghevaert C, Vassiliou GS, Kent DG, Green AR. Mutant calreticulin knockin mice develop thrombocytosis and myelofibrosis without a stem cell self-renewal advantage. Blood 2018; 131:649-661. [PMID: 29282219 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-09-806356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Somatic mutations in the endoplasmic reticulum chaperone calreticulin (CALR) are detected in approximately 40% of patients with essential thrombocythemia (ET) and primary myelofibrosis (PMF). Multiple different mutations have been reported, but all result in a +1-bp frameshift and generate a novel protein C terminus. In this study, we generated a conditional mouse knockin model of the most common CALR mutation, a 52-bp deletion. The mutant novel human C-terminal sequence is integrated into the otherwise intact mouse CALR gene and results in mutant CALR expression under the control of the endogenous mouse locus. CALRdel/+ mice develop a transplantable ET-like disease with marked thrombocytosis, which is associated with increased and morphologically abnormal megakaryocytes and increased numbers of phenotypically defined hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Homozygous CALRdel/del mice developed extreme thrombocytosis accompanied by features of MF, including leukocytosis, reduced hematocrit, splenomegaly, and increased bone marrow reticulin. CALRdel/+ HSCs were more proliferative in vitro, but neither CALRdel/+ nor CALRdel/del displayed a competitive transplantation advantage in primary or secondary recipient mice. These results demonstrate the consequences of heterozygous and homozygous CALR mutations and provide a powerful model for dissecting the pathogenesis of CALR-mutant ET and PMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust/Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute and
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Prins
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust/Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute and
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Hyun Jung Park
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust/Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute and
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jacob Grinfeld
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust/Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute and
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Carlos Gonzalez-Arias
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust/Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute and
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Loughran
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust/Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute and
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver M Dovey
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and
| | - Thorsten Klampfl
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust/Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute and
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Cavan Bennett
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Tina L Hamilton
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust/Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute and
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Dean C Pask
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust/Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute and
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Sneade
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust/Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute and
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Williams
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust/Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute and
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Juliet Aungier
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust/Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute and
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Cedric Ghevaert
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - George S Vassiliou
- Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom; and
| | - David G Kent
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust/Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute and
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony R Green
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust/Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute and
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Haematology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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18
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Afzali B, Grönholm J, Vandrovcova J, O’Brien C, Sun HW, Vanderleyden I, Davis FP, Khoder A, Zhang Y, Hegazy AN, Villarino AV, Palmer IW, Kaufman J, Watts NR, Kazemian M, Kamenyeva O, Keith J, Sayed A, Kasperaviciute D, Mueller M, Hughes JD, Fuss IJ, Sadiyah MF, Montgomery-Recht K, McElwee J, Restifo NP, Strober W, Linterman MA, Wingfield PT, Uhlig HH, Roychoudhuri R, Aitman TJ, Kelleher P, Lenardo MJ, O’Shea JJ, Cooper N, Laurence ADJ. BACH2 immunodeficiency illustrates an association between super-enhancers and haploinsufficiency. Nat Immunol 2017; 18:813-823. [PMID: 28530713 PMCID: PMC5593426 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The transcriptional programs that guide lymphocyte differentiation depend on the precise expression and timing of transcription factors (TFs). The TF BACH2 is essential for T and B lymphocytes and is associated with an archetypal super-enhancer (SE). Single-nucleotide variants in the BACH2 locus are associated with several autoimmune diseases, but BACH2 mutations that cause Mendelian monogenic primary immunodeficiency have not previously been identified. Here we describe a syndrome of BACH2-related immunodeficiency and autoimmunity (BRIDA) that results from BACH2 haploinsufficiency. Affected subjects had lymphocyte-maturation defects that caused immunoglobulin deficiency and intestinal inflammation. The mutations disrupted protein stability by interfering with homodimerization or by causing aggregation. We observed analogous lymphocyte defects in Bach2-heterozygous mice. More generally, we observed that genes that cause monogenic haploinsufficient diseases were substantially enriched for TFs and SE architecture. These findings reveal a previously unrecognized feature of SE architecture in Mendelian diseases of immunity: heterozygous mutations in SE-regulated genes identified by whole-exome/genome sequencing may have greater significance than previously recognized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behdad Afzali
- Lymphocyte Cell Biology Section (Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch), Biodata Mining and Discovery Section and Protein Expression Laboratory, National Institutes of Arthritis, and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- MRC Centre for Transplantation, King’s College London, UK
| | - Juha Grönholm
- Molecular Development of the Immune System Section, NIAID Clinical Genomics Program, Biological Imaging Section (Research Technologies Branch) and Mucosal Immunity Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Jana Vandrovcova
- Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, UK
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK
| | | | - Hong-Wei Sun
- Lymphocyte Cell Biology Section (Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch), Biodata Mining and Discovery Section and Protein Expression Laboratory, National Institutes of Arthritis, and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ine Vanderleyden
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signaling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Fred P Davis
- Lymphocyte Cell Biology Section (Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch), Biodata Mining and Discovery Section and Protein Expression Laboratory, National Institutes of Arthritis, and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ahmad Khoder
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Yu Zhang
- Molecular Development of the Immune System Section, NIAID Clinical Genomics Program, Biological Imaging Section (Research Technologies Branch) and Mucosal Immunity Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Ahmed N Hegazy
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Alejandro V Villarino
- Lymphocyte Cell Biology Section (Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch), Biodata Mining and Discovery Section and Protein Expression Laboratory, National Institutes of Arthritis, and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ira W Palmer
- Lymphocyte Cell Biology Section (Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch), Biodata Mining and Discovery Section and Protein Expression Laboratory, National Institutes of Arthritis, and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joshua Kaufman
- Lymphocyte Cell Biology Section (Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch), Biodata Mining and Discovery Section and Protein Expression Laboratory, National Institutes of Arthritis, and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Norman R Watts
- Lymphocyte Cell Biology Section (Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch), Biodata Mining and Discovery Section and Protein Expression Laboratory, National Institutes of Arthritis, and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Majid Kazemian
- Departments of Biochemistry and Computer Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Olena Kamenyeva
- Molecular Development of the Immune System Section, NIAID Clinical Genomics Program, Biological Imaging Section (Research Technologies Branch) and Mucosal Immunity Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Julia Keith
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Anwar Sayed
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK
| | | | - Michael Mueller
- Imperial BRC Genomics Facility Hammersmith hospital, Du Cane road, London, UK
| | - Jason D. Hughes
- Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co. Inc., Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ivan J. Fuss
- Molecular Development of the Immune System Section, NIAID Clinical Genomics Program, Biological Imaging Section (Research Technologies Branch) and Mucosal Immunity Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Mohammed F Sadiyah
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signaling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kim Montgomery-Recht
- Clinical Research Directorate/CMRP, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., NCI at Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Joshua McElwee
- Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co. Inc., Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicholas P Restifo
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Warren Strober
- Molecular Development of the Immune System Section, NIAID Clinical Genomics Program, Biological Imaging Section (Research Technologies Branch) and Mucosal Immunity Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Michelle A Linterman
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signaling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul T Wingfield
- Lymphocyte Cell Biology Section (Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch), Biodata Mining and Discovery Section and Protein Expression Laboratory, National Institutes of Arthritis, and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Holm H Uhlig
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Rahul Roychoudhuri
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signaling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Timothy J. Aitman
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Michael J Lenardo
- Molecular Development of the Immune System Section, NIAID Clinical Genomics Program, Biological Imaging Section (Research Technologies Branch) and Mucosal Immunity Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - John J O’Shea
- Lymphocyte Cell Biology Section (Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch), Biodata Mining and Discovery Section and Protein Expression Laboratory, National Institutes of Arthritis, and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Arian DJ Laurence
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Department of Haematology Northern Centre for Cancer Care, Freeman road, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen E Langabeer
- Cancer Molecular Diagnostics, Central Pathology Laboratory, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.
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20
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Duque-Afonso J, Smith KS, Cleary ML. Conditional Expression of E2A-HLF Induces B-Cell Precursor Death and Myeloproliferative-Like Disease in Knock-In Mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0143216. [PMID: 26588248 PMCID: PMC4654581 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0143216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal translocations are driver mutations of human cancers, particularly leukemias. They define disease subtypes and are used as prognostic markers, for minimal residual disease monitoring and therapeutic targets. Due to their low incidence, several translocations and their biological consequences remain poorly characterized. To address this, we engineered mouse strains that conditionally express E2A-HLF, a fusion oncogene from the translocation t(17;19) associated with 1% of pediatric B-cell precursor ALL. Conditional oncogene activation and expression were directed to the B-cell compartment by the Cre driver promoters CD19 or Mb1 (Igα, CD79a), or to the hematopoietic stem cell compartment by the Mx1 promoter. E2A-HLF expression in B-cell progenitors induced hyposplenia and lymphopenia, whereas expression in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells was embryonic lethal. Increased cell death was detected in E2A-HLF expressing cells, suggesting the need for cooperating genetic events that suppress cell death for B-cell oncogenic transformation. E2A-HLF/Mb1.Cre aged mice developed a fatal myeloproliferative-like disorder with low frequency characterized by leukocytosis, anemia, hepatosplenomegaly and organ-infiltration by mature myelocytes. In conclusion, we have developed conditional E2A-HLF knock-in mice, which provide an experimental platform to study cooperating genetic events and further elucidate translational biology in cross-species comparative studies.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD19/genetics
- Antigens, CD19/metabolism
- Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors/genetics
- Basic-Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors/metabolism
- CD79 Antigens/genetics
- CD79 Antigens/metabolism
- Cell Death/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gene Expression
- Gene Knock-In Techniques
- Genetic Engineering
- Hepatomegaly/genetics
- Hepatomegaly/metabolism
- Hepatomegaly/pathology
- Humans
- Integrases/genetics
- Integrases/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Myxovirus Resistance Proteins/genetics
- Myxovirus Resistance Proteins/metabolism
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/metabolism
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/genetics
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/metabolism
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/pathology
- Precursor Cells, B-Lymphoid/metabolism
- Precursor Cells, B-Lymphoid/pathology
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Splenomegaly/genetics
- Splenomegaly/metabolism
- Splenomegaly/pathology
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Duque-Afonso
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Kevin S. Smith
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Michael L. Cleary
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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21
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Shi L, Bian Z, Chen CXJ, Guo YN, Lv Z, Zeng C, Liu Z, Zen K, Liu Y. CD47 deficiency ameliorates autoimmune nephritis in Fas(lpr) mice by suppressing IgG autoantibody production. J Pathol 2015; 237:285-95. [PMID: 26095930 DOI: 10.1002/path.4574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
CD47, a self-recognition marker, plays an important role in both innate and adaptive immune responses. To explore the potential role of CD47 in activation of autoreactive T and B cells and the production of autoantibodies in autoimmune disease, especially systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), we have generated CD47 knockout Fas(lpr) (CD47(-/-) -Fas(lpr) ) mice and examined histopathological changes in the kidneys, cumulative survival rates, proteinuria, extent of splenomegaly and autoantibodies, serum chemistry and immunological parameters. In comparison with Fas(lpr) mice, CD47(-/-) -Fas(lpr) mice exhibit a prolonged lifespan and delayed autoimmune nephritis, including glomerular cell proliferation, basement membrane thickening, acute tubular atrophy and vacuolization. CD47(-/-) -Fas(lpr) mice have lower levels of proteinuria, associated with reduced deposition of complement C3 and C1q, and IgG but not IgM in the glomeruli, compared to age-matched Fas(lpr) mice. Serum levels of antinuclear antibodies and anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies are significantly lower in CD47(-/-) -Fas(lpr) than in Fas(lpr) mice. CD47(-/-) -Fas(lpr) mice also display less pronounced splenomegaly than Fas(lpr) mice. The mechanistic studies further suggest that CD47 deficiency impairs the antigenic challenge-induced production of IgG but not IgM, and that this effect is associated with reduction of T follicular cells and impairment of germinal centre development in lymphoid tissues. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that CD47 deficiency ameliorates lupus nephritis in Fas(lpr) mice via suppression of IgG autoantibody production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Centre for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Nanjing University School of Life Sciences, Peoples Republic of China
- Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Zhen Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Centre for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Nanjing University School of Life Sciences, Peoples Republic of China
- Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Celia X J Chen
- Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ya-Nan Guo
- Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Zhiyuan Lv
- Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Caihong Zeng
- National Clinical Research Centre for Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- National Clinical Research Centre for Kidney Diseases, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Zen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Centre for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, Nanjing University School of Life Sciences, Peoples Republic of China
- Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Yuan Liu
- Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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22
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Kong XY, Kase ET, Herskedal A, Schjalm C, Damme M, Nesset CK, Thoresen GH, Rustan AC, Eskild W. Lack of the Lysosomal Membrane Protein, GLMP, in Mice Results in Metabolic Dysregulation in Liver. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129402. [PMID: 26047317 PMCID: PMC4457871 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ablation of glycosylated lysosomal membrane protein (GLMP, formerly known as NCU-G1) has been shown to cause chronic liver injury which progresses into liver fibrosis in mice. Both lysosomal dysfunction and chronic liver injury can cause metabolic dysregulation. Glmpgt/gt mice (formerly known as Ncu-g1gt/gtmice) were studied between 3 weeks and 9 months of age. Body weight gain and feed efficiency of Glmpgt/gt mice were comparable to wild type siblings, only at the age of 9 months the Glmpgt/gt siblings had significantly reduced body weight. Reduced size of epididymal fat pads was accompanied by hepatosplenomegaly in Glmpgt/gt mice. Blood analysis revealed reduced levels of blood glucose, circulating triacylglycerol and non-esterified fatty acids in Glmpgt/gt mice. Increased flux of glucose, increased de novo lipogenesis and lipid accumulation were detected in Glmpgt/gt primary hepatocytes, as well as elevated triacylglycerol levels in Glmpgt/gt liver homogenates, compared to hepatocytes and liver from wild type mice. Gene expression analysis showed an increased expression of genes involved in fatty acid uptake and lipogenesis in Glmpgt/gt liver compared to wild type. Our findings are in agreement with the metabolic alterations observed in other mouse models lacking lysosomal proteins, and with alterations characteristic for advanced chronic liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Yi Kong
- Department of Bioscience, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eili Tranheim Kase
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Markus Damme
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - G. Hege Thoresen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arild C. Rustan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Winnie Eskild
- Department of Bioscience, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail:
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23
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Sjouke B, van der Stappen JWJ, Groener JEM, Pepping A, Wevers RA, Gouw A, Dikkeschei LD, Mijnhout S, Hovingh GK, Alleman MA. Hypercholesterolaemia and hepatosplenomegaly: two manifestations of cholesteryl ester storage disease. Neth J Med 2015; 73:129-132. [PMID: 25852113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Cholesteryl ester storage disease (CESD) is a rare autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in LIPA. Here we describe two different clinical presentations of this disease: one case with a clear phenotype of familial hypercholesterolaemia and one case with hepatosplenomegaly from childhood onwards. These two cases exemplify the diversity of clinical phenotypes of patients with CESD. Knowledge on the phenotypic variability of the disease is of clinical relevance in light of enzyme replacement therapy (sebelipase alpha) for patients with mutations in LIPA, which is currently under development.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Sjouke
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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24
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Okada K, Kunitomi A, Sakai K, Muranushi H, Okamoto Y, Tsukamoto T, Sugiura H, Matsui H, Jo T, Ueda T, Onishi T, Ide M, Kimura S, Notohara K, Ueda Y. Hairy Cell Leukemia with Systemic Lymphadenopathy: Detection of BRAF Mutations in Both Lymph Node and Peripheral Blood Specimens. Intern Med 2015; 54:1397-402. [PMID: 26027995 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.54.2944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A 47-year-old woman with pancytopenia, excessive systemic lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly was referred to our hospital. The peripheral blood (PB) smear findings indicated neutropenia with lymphoid cells exhibiting hairy projections, while the histological findings of the cervical lymph node (LN) suggested hairy cell leukemia (HCL). In addition, the BRAF V600E mutation was detected, and the immunoglobulin gene rearrangement patterns were identical in both the cervical LN and PB specimens. Based on these findings, we diagnosed the patient with systemic lymphadenopathy due to HCL. This is the first report of a BRAF mutation detected in both the PB and LN at the onset of HCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Okada
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Japan
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Graham MT, Abram CL, Hu Y, Lowell CA. Expression of the TEL-Syk fusion protein in hematopoietic stem cells leads to rapidly fatal myelofibrosis in mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e77542. [PMID: 24116232 PMCID: PMC3792906 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0077542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The TEL-Syk fusion protein was isolated from a patient with myelodysplasia with megakaryocyte blasts. Expression of TEL-Syk transforms interleukin-3 (IL-3)-dependent Ba/F3 cells in vitro by deregulating STAT5-mediated signal transduction pathways. In vivo, TEL-Syk expression in pre-B cells blocks B cell differentiation, leading to lymphoid leukemia. Here, we demonstrate that TEL-Syk introduced into fetal liver hematopoietic cells, which are then adoptively transferred into lethally irradiated recipients, leads to an aggressive myelodysplasia with myelofibrosis that is lethal in mice by 60–75 days. Expression of TEL-Syk induces a short-lived myeloexpansion that is rapidly followed by bone marrow failure and extreme splenic/hepatic fibrosis accompanied by extensive apoptosis. The disease is dependent on Syk kinase activity. Analysis of serum from TEL-Syk mice reveals an inflammatory cytokine signature reminiscent of that found in the sera from patients and mouse models of myeloproliferative neoplasms. TEL-Syk expressing cells showed constitutive STAT5 phosphorylation, which was resistant to JAK inhibition, consistent with deregulated cytokine signaling. These data indicate that expression of TEL-Syk in fetal liver hematopoietic cells results in JAK-independent STAT5 phosphorylation ultimately leading to a uniquely aggressive and lethal form of myelofibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle T. Graham
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Clare L. Abram
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Yongmei Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Clifford A. Lowell
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is associated with repeated episodes of erythrostasis in the spleen, which lead to thrombosis and infarction of the spleen resulting in "autosplenectomy" which is usually complete by 8 years of age. We present a case of a 22-year-old female who presented with complaints of fever, bone pain and joint swelling. On examination she had pallor, icterus and moderate splenomegaly. Her hemoglobin was 7.5 g/dl. Peripheral smear showed many sickled red cells. Slide test for sickling was positive with 2% sodium metabisulphite. Hemoglobin electrophoresis revealed a single band in the hemoglobin S, D, and G region. No band was seen in the HbA & HbA(2) region. HbF level was 0%. USG showed an enlarged spleen with few defined hypoechoeic lesion. We present this case because of rarity of association of homozygous SCA with splenomegaly in this age group, the confusion that echogenic lesions in spleen can create and to emphasize the risk of sequestration crises, which remains in such cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sompal Singh
- Department of Pathology, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
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27
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Mahmoudi M, Hedayat M, Aghamohammadi A, Rezaei N. Soluble CD26 and CD30 levels in patients with common variable immunodeficiency. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol 2013; 23:120-124. [PMID: 23654079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by decreased serum immunoglobulin levels and increased susceptibility to recurrent bacterial infections. There is increasing evidence that the type 1 helper T cell (T(H)1)/T(H)2 cell balance is shifted towards a T(H) 1-type immune response in patients with CVID. This study was performed to measure levels of soluble CD26 (sCD26) and CD30 (sCD30) as plausible markers of a dysregulated immune response in a group of patients with CVID. METHODS Twenty-five patients with CVID and 20 age- and sex-matched controls were enrolled in this study. A sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure serum sCD26 and sCD30 levels. RESULTS The mean (SD) serum sCD26 level was significantly higher in patients with CVID than in controls (88.47 [59.82] ng/mL vs 28.31 [25.61] ng/mL, P = .001). Serum sCD30 levels were also significantly higher in patients with CVID than in controls (196.37 [169.71] ng/mL vs 30.72 [12.98] ng/mL, P < .001). Analysis of serum sCD30 levels in association with different clinical variables indicated that patients with splenomegaly and malignancy had significantly higher levels than patients without these disorders. However, serum sCD30 levels did not differ with bronchiectasis or autoimmunity. CONCLUSIONS The presence of increased serum levels of sCD26 and sCD30 in patients with CVID suggests that CVID patients have a polarized immune response towards a T(H)1-like phenotype, whereas the association between high levels of these markers and disease severity suggests that the soluble form could be used as a prognostic tool in CVID.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mahmoudi
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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28
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Iwahashi A, Nakatani Y, Hirobata T, Nakata H, Funakoshi S, Yamashita Y, Inoue G. Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome III in a patient with idiopathic portal hypertension. Intern Med 2013; 52:1375-8. [PMID: 23774550 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.52.8796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A 42-year-old woman with a history of idiopathic portal hypertension (IPH) developed type 1A diabetes and was found to have chronic thyroiditis. The concurrence of IPH and type 1A diabetes has been previously reported in only one case. This is the second known case, and our patient was classified as having autoimmune polyglandular syndrome (APS) III. The patient's HLA DR and DQ alleles were determined to be susceptible to autoimmune thyroid diseases but resistant to type 1A diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Iwahashi
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Wakayama Medical Center Japanese Red Cross Society, Japan.
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29
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Lamothe B, Lai Y, Hur L, Orozco NM, Wang J, Campos AD, Xie M, Schneider MD, Lockworth CR, Jakacky J, Tran D, Ho M, Dawud S, Dong C, Lin HK, Hu P, Estrov Z, Bueso-Ramos CE, Darnay BG. Deletion of TAK1 in the myeloid lineage results in the spontaneous development of myelomonocytic leukemia in mice. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51228. [PMID: 23251462 PMCID: PMC3519594 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies of the conditional ablation of TGF-β activated kinase 1 (TAK1) in mice indicate that TAK1 has an obligatory role in the survival and/or development of hematopoietic stem cells, B cells, T cells, hepatocytes, intestinal epithelial cells, keratinocytes, and various tissues, primarily because of these cells’ increased apoptotic sensitivity, and have implicated TAK1 as a critical regulator of the NF-κB and stress kinase pathways and thus a key intermediary in cellular survival. Contrary to this understanding of TAK1’s role, we report a mouse model in which TAK1 deletion in the myeloid compartment that evoked a clonal myelomonocytic cell expansion, splenomegaly, multi-organ infiltration, genomic instability, and aggressive, fatal myelomonocytic leukemia. Unlike in previous reports, simultaneous deletion of TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) failed to rescue this severe phenotype. We found that the features of the disease in our mouse model resemble those of human chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) in its transformation to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Consequently, we found TAK1 deletion in 13 of 30 AML patients (43%), thus providing direct genetic evidence of TAK1’s role in leukemogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty Lamothe
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - YunJu Lai
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Lana Hur
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Natalia Martin Orozco
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Alejandro D. Campos
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Min Xie
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Michael D. Schneider
- Faculty of Medicine, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Cynthia R. Lockworth
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jared Jakacky
- School of Health Professions, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Diep Tran
- School of Health Professions, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Michael Ho
- School of Health Professions, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sity Dawud
- School of Health Professions, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Chen Dong
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Hui-Kuan Lin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Peter Hu
- School of Health Professions, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Zeev Estrov
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Carlos E. Bueso-Ramos
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Bryant G. Darnay
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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30
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Danielsson S, Merup M, Olsson L, Palmblad J, Aström M. [X-linked thrombocytopenia with thalassemia in two families in Sweden. Consider hereditary causes of thrombocytopenia and bone marrow fibrosis]. Lakartidningen 2012; 109:1474-1477. [PMID: 22993897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
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31
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Harris ES, Smith TL, Springett GM, Weyrich AS, Zimmerman GA. Leukocyte adhesion deficiency-I variant syndrome (LAD-Iv, LAD-III): molecular characterization of the defect in an index family. Am J Hematol 2012; 87:311-3. [PMID: 22139635 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.22253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Revised: 11/02/2011] [Accepted: 11/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Leukocyte adhesion deficiencies are rare clinical syndromes of impaired host defense that provide novel insights into regulation of immune and inflammatory responses. Leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD)-I variant (LAD-Iv), also called LAD-III, is a unique disorder in which inside-out signaling of β₁, β₂, and β₃ integrins on leukocytes and platelets is disrupted, leading to impaired cellular adhesion, recurrent infections, and bleeding. We originally reported the second patient with this disorder to be identified and characterized the adhesive deficiencies and functional phenotype of this subject's leukocytes. Here, we show that the molecular defect in this index subject is a new mutation in FERMT3 (KINDLIN-3) which encodes KINDLIN-3, a cytoskeletal protein that interacts with the cytoplasmic tails of β₁, β₂, and β₃ integrins and is required for inside-out and outside-in signaling of these heterodimers. We also report clinical features and previously unrecognized defects in cells from a new patient, a sibling of the original subject that we described who carries the same FERMT3 mutation. Mutations in FERMT3 have now been shown to be the basis for LAD-Iv/LAD-III in each of the four original patients or families that established this syndrome, including the family that we describe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle S Harris
- Department of Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
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32
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Niemann-Pick disease type C (NP-C), derived from mutation of the NPC1 or NPC2 gene, is one of the recessive lysosomal lipid storage disorders that are difficult to diagnose and treat. Since NP-C has been rarely reported in China, we reviewed 7 patients with NP-C. METHODS The 7 patients had been diagnosed with NP-C from 2007 to 2010 at our department and their laboratory and clinical data were analyzed. RESULTS The 7 patients, 5 males and 2 females, included 4 patients of late infantile subtype and 3 patients of juvenile subtype, in which patients 2 and 3 were siblings. Their clinical symptoms occurred from 4 to 10 years of age, exhibiting as progressive cognitive and language impairment as well as motor retrogression. Six patients were caught by focal or generalized seizures from 1 to 4 years after the onset of the disease. Vertical supranuclear gaze palsy, dysarthria, dysphagia, internal rotation and adduction of bilateral hands and splenomegaly occurred following the progress of clinical symptoms. Five patients had laughter-cataplexy. MRI showed mild brain atrophy in 6 patients. Reduction of total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol occurred in 6 patients. Sea-blue cells and Niemann-Pick cells were found in bone marrow smears. The activity of acid sphingomyelin enzyme was normal or only slightly lower. Supporting or symptomatic treatment improved common clinical symptoms. CONCLUSIONS NP-C is a rare autosomal recessive inherited lysosomal storage disease that affects the intellectual development of children and may lead to dementia, vegetative state or death. Clinical features of this disease include vertical supranuclear gaze palsy, seizures and cataplexy. Laboratory features include abnormal plasma cholesterol level, and sea-blue cells and Niemann-Pick cells in bone marrow smears. The treatments of the disease include supporting or symptomatic administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xiong
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
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33
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Jarvis GE, Bihan D, Hamaia S, Pugh N, Ghevaert CJG, Pearce AC, Hughes CE, Watson SP, Ware J, Rudd CE, Farndale RW. A role for adhesion and degranulation-promoting adapter protein in collagen-induced platelet activation mediated via integrin α(2) β(1). J Thromb Haemost 2012; 10:268-77. [PMID: 22103309 PMCID: PMC3791415 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2011.04567.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Collagen-induced platelet activation is a key step in the development of arterial thrombosis via its interaction with the receptors glycoprotein (GP)VI and integrin α(2) β(1) . Adhesion and degranulation-promoting adapter protein (ADAP) regulates α(IIb) β(3) in platelets and α(L) β(2) in T cells, and is phosphorylated in GPVI-deficient platelets activated by collagen. OBJECTIVES To determine whether ADAP plays a role in collagen-induced platelet activation and in the regulation and function of α(2) β(1). METHODS Using ADAP(-/-) mice and synthetic collagen peptides, we investigated the role of ADAP in platelet aggregation, adhesion, spreading, thromboxane synthesis, and tyrosine phosphorylation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Platelet aggregation and phosphorylation of phospholipase Cγ2 induced by collagen were attenuated in ADAP(-/-) platelets. However, aggregation and signaling induced by collagen-related peptide (CRP), a GPVI-selective agonist, were largely unaffected. Platelet adhesion to CRP was also unaffected by ADAP deficiency. Adhesion to the α(2) β(1) -selective ligand GFOGER and to a peptide (III-04), which supports adhesion that is dependent on both GPVI and α(2) β(1), was reduced in ADAP(-/-) platelets. An impedance-based label-free detection technique, which measures adhesion and spreading of platelets, indicated that, in the absence of ADAP, spreading on GFOGER was also reduced. This was confirmed with non-fluorescent differential-interference contrast microscopy, which revealed reduced filpodia formation in ADAP(-/-) platelets adherent to GFOGER. This indicates that ADAP plays a role in mediating platelet activation via the collagen-binding integrin α(2) β(1). In addition, we found that ADAP(-/-) mice, which are mildly thrombocytopenic, have enlarged spleens as compared with wild-type animals. This may reflect increased removal of platelets from the circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G E Jarvis
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
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34
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Ustun C, Savage NM, Gotlib J, Bhalla K, Manaloor E, George TI. Systemic mastocytosis with associated clonal hematological non-mast-cell lineage disease: a case review. Am J Hematol 2012; 87:191-3. [PMID: 22081475 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.22208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2011] [Revised: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Celalettin Ustun
- Division of Hematology Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN, USA
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35
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Yun SJ, Naidansuren P, Sim BW, Park JJ, Park CW, Nanjidsuren T, Kang MH, Hwang SY, Yoon JT, Min KS. Aberrant phenotypes of transgenic mice expressing dimeric human erythropoietin. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2012; 10:6. [PMID: 22284751 PMCID: PMC3284390 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-10-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2011] [Accepted: 01/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dimeric human erythropoietin (dHuEPO) peptides are reported to exhibit significantly higher biological activity than the monomeric form of recombinant EPO. The objective of this study was to produce transgenic (tg) mice expressing dHuEPO and to investigate the characteristics of these mice. METHODS A dHuEPO-expressing vector under the control of the goat beta-casein promoter, which produced a dimer of human EPO molecules linked by a 2-amino acid peptide linker (Asp-Ile), was constructed and injected into 1-cell fertilized embryos by microinjection. Mice were screened using genomic DNA samples obtained from tail biopsies. Blood samples were obtained by heart puncture using heparinized tubes, and hematologic parameters were assessed. Using the microarray analysis tool, we analyzed differences in gene expression in the spleens of tg and control mice. RESULTS A high rate of spontaneous abortion or death of the offspring was observed in the recipients of dHuEPO embryos. We obtained 3 founder lines (#4, #11, and #47) of tg mice expressing the dHuEPO gene. However, only one founder line showed stable germline integration and transmission, subsequently establishing the only transgenic line (#11). We obtained 2 F1 mice and 3 F2 mice from line #11. The dHuEPO protein could not be obtained because of repeated spontaneous abortions in the tg mice. Tg mice exhibited symptoms such as short lifespan and abnormal blood composition. The red blood cell count, white blood cell count, and hematocrit levels in the tg mice were remarkably higher than those in the control mice. The spleens of the tg mice (F1 and F2 females) were 11- and -21-fold larger than those of the control mice. Microarray analysis revealed 2,672 spleen-derived candidate genes; more genes were downregulated than upregulated (849/764). Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) were used for validating the results of the microarray analysis of mRNA expression. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, dHuEPO tg mice caused excessive erythrocytosis that led to abnormal blood composition, short lifespan, and abnormal splenomegaly. Further, we identified 2,672 genes associated with splenomegaly by microarray analysis. These results could be useful in the development of dHuEPO-producing tg animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Jo Yun
- Animal Biotechnology, Graduate School of Bio & Information Technology, Institute of Genetic Engineering, Hankyong National University, Ansung 456-749, Korea
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36
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Shinzawa M, Maruyama Y, Qin J, Akiyama N, Miyauchi M, Yanai H, Takami M, Inoue JI, Akiyama T. Splenic extramedullary hemopoiesis caused by a dysfunctional mutation in the NF-κB-inducing kinase gene. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 414:773-8. [PMID: 22005462 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2011] [Accepted: 10/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
NF-κB-inducing kinase (NIK) plays critical roles in the development of lymph nodes and Peyer's patches, and microarchitecture of the thymus and spleen via NF-κB activation. Alymphoplasia (aly/aly) mice have a point mutation in the NIK gene that causes a defect in the activation of an NF-κB member RelB. Here, we developed a novel method to determine the aly mutation by genetic typing using PCR. This method facilitated the easy establishment of a congeneic aly/aly mouse line. Indeed, we generated a mouse line with aly mutation on a BALB/cA background (BALB/cA-aly/aly). BALB/cA-aly/aly mice showed significant splenomegaly with extramedullary hemopoiesis, which was not significant in aly/aly mice on a C57BL/6 background. Interestingly, the splenomegaly and extramedullary hemopoiesis caused by the aly mutation was gender-dependent. These data together with previous reports on extramedullary hemopoiesis in RelB-deficient mice suggest that NIK-RelB signaling may be involved in the suppression of extramedullary hemopoiesis in adult mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Shinzawa
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokane-dai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
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37
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Affiliation(s)
- Meina Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama
| | - Hirokazu Kanegane
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama
| | - Kazutaka Ouchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto
| | - Toshihiko Imamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto
| | - Sylvain Latour
- Unité 768 INSERM, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Toshio Miyawaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama
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38
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Tinsa F, Yahyaoui S, Brini I, Michel-Calemard L, Boussetta K, Bousnina S. [Recessive autosomic polycystic kidney in a Tunisian family: correlation between genotype and phenotype?]. Tunis Med 2010; 88:68-69. [PMID: 20415225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
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39
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Dascalescu CM, Rosenzwajg M, Bonte H, Mir IA, Aoudjhane M, Smadja NV, Lemoine FM, Najman A. Bcl-2 and Immunoglobulin Gene Rearrangements in Patients with Malaria Related Chronic Splenomegaly. Leuk Lymphoma 2009; 45:2093-7. [PMID: 15370255 DOI: 10.1080/104281940310001645889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Two cases of malaria related chronic splenomegaly, one with tropical splenic lymphoma with villous lymphocytes (TSLVL) and the other with hyperreactive malarial splenomegaly (HMS) were analyzed by cytology, histology, karyotyping, immunophenotyping, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of bcl-2/JH and FR3/JH rearrangements on blood and bone marrow samples, at diagnosis and 12 months after malarial prophylaxis. The reported data suggest that the detection of FR3/JH rearrangement might contribute to the diagnosis of TSLVL in patients with malaria related chronic splenomegaly, for whom bcl-2/JH rearrangement may be a common molecular event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Mihaela Dascalescu
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Antoine, 184 rue du Faubourg St. Antoine, 75571 Paris cedex 12, France
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Jackman C, Horn ND, Molleston JP, Sokol DK. Gene associated with seizures, autism, and hepatomegaly in an Amish girl. Pediatr Neurol 2009; 40:310-3. [PMID: 19302947 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2008.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2008] [Revised: 10/16/2008] [Accepted: 10/20/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A genetic defect causing autism and epilepsy involving the contactin associated protein-like 2 gene (CNTNAP2) has been discovered in a selected cohort of Amish children. These children were found to have focal seizures and autistic regression. Surgical biopsy of the anterior temporal lobe of two such children revealed cortical dysplasia and a single nucleotide polymorphism mutation of this gene. The present case is that of a related but geographically distant proband with a similar phenotype but a single-base-pair deletion in the CNTNAP2 gene. This patient exhibited the additional features of periventricular leukomalacia and hepatomegaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Jackman
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Veneri D, Franchini M, Randon F, Nichele I, Pizzolo G, Ambrosetti A. Thrombocytopenias: a clinical point of view. Blood Transfus 2009; 7:75-85. [PMID: 19503627 PMCID: PMC2689060 DOI: 10.2450/2008.0012-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2008] [Accepted: 09/04/2008] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dino Veneri
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Sezione di Ematologia, Università di Verona, Verona, Italy.
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Barosi G, Bergamaschi G, Marchetti M, Vannucchi AM, Guglielmelli P, Antonioli E, Massa M, Rosti V, Campanelli R, Villani L, Viarengo G, Gattoni E, Gerli G, Specchia G, Tinelli C, Rambaldi A, Barbui T. JAK2 V617F mutational status predicts progression to large splenomegaly and leukemic transformation in primary myelofibrosis. Blood 2007; 110:4030-6. [PMID: 17712047 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2007-07-099184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Few investigators have evaluated the usefulness of the JAK2 V617F mutation for explaining the phenotypic variations and for predicting the risk of major clinical events in primary myelofibrosis (PMF). In a transversal survey we assayed by allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) the JAK2 V617F mutational status in 304 patients with PMF. Multiple DNA samples were collected prospectively from 64 patients, and a highly sensitive quantitative PCR was used as a confirmatory test. In a longitudinal prospective study we determined the progression rate to clinically relevant outcomes in 174 patients who had JAK2 mutation determined at diagnosis. JAK2 V617F was identified in 63.4% of patients. None of the V617F-negative patients who were sequentially genotyped progressed to become V617F positive, whereas progression rate from heterozygous to homozygous mutation was 10 per 100 patient-years. JAK2 V617F mutation contributed to hemoglobin, aquagenic pruritus, and platelet count variability, whereas homozygous mutation was independently associated with higher white blood cell count, larger spleen size, and greater need for cytoreductive therapies. Adjusting for conventional risk factors, V617F mutation independently predicted the evolution toward large splenomegaly, need of splenectomy, and leukemic transformation. We conclude that JAK2 V617F genotype should be considered in any future risk stratification of patients with PMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Barosi
- Unit of Clinical Epidemiology and Center for the Study of Myelofibrosis, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy.
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Cadieux C, Fournier S, Peterson AC, Bédard C, Bedell BJ, Nepveu A. Transgenic mice expressing the p75 CCAAT-displacement protein/Cut homeobox isoform develop a myeloproliferative disease-like myeloid leukemia. Cancer Res 2007; 66:9492-501. [PMID: 17018605 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-4230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The p75 CCAAT-displacement protein/Cut homeobox (CDP/Cux) isoform was previously reported to be overexpressed in human breast cancers. To investigate its oncogenic potential, we engineered two transgenic mouse lines expressing p75 CDP/Cux under the control of the mouse mammary tumor virus-long terminal repeat. The FVB strain of mouse is generally used in the generation of mouse models for breast cancer. The transgene was introduced into the hprt locus of 129/Ola embryonic stem cells and, following germ line passage, was backcrossed onto the FVB and C57BL/6 mouse strains. Here, we describe the phenotype of p75 CDP/Cux transgenic virgin female mice of the first backcross generations. We report that after a long latency period, approximately 33% of mice from two independent transgenic lines and from backcrosses into either the FVB or the C57BL/6 strains succumbed to a similar disease characterized by splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, and frequent infiltration of leukocytes into nonhematopoietic organs like the kidneys and lungs. Although an excess of B or T cells was observed in three diseased mice, in 17 other cases, histologic and flow cytometry analyses revealed the expansion of a population of neutrophils in the blood, spleen, and bone marrow. The increase in neutrophils correlated with signs of anemia and thrombocytopenia, whereas there was no indication of a reactive process. Therefore, p75 CDP/Cux transgenic mice displayed heightened susceptibility to a disease defined as a myeloproliferative disease-like myeloid leukemia. These results indicate that the overexpression of p75 CDP/Cux could alter homeostasis in the hematopoietic compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Cadieux
- Molecular Oncology Group, McGill University Health Center, Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Eberle SE, Noguera NI, Sciuccati G, Bonduel M, Díaz L, Staciuk R, Targovnik HM, Feliu-Torres A. Hb Alesha [beta67(E11)Val-->Met, GTG-->ATG] in an Argentinean girl. Hemoglobin 2007; 31:379-82. [PMID: 17654076 DOI: 10.1080/03630260701459408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Hb Alesha is caused by a GTG-->ATG mutation at codon 67 of the beta-globin gene, resulting in abnormal beta-globin chains in which the normal beta67(E11) valine is changed to methionine. This hemoglobin (Hb) is also known as Hb Bristol, the first unstable Hb described, since in a fraction of the variant the methionine is modified into an aspartic acid by a posttranslational modification. This replacement disrupts the apolar bonds between the valine and the heme group, producing an unstable Hb and severe hemolysis. We have identified this rare hemoglobinopathy in an Argentinean girl with severe hemolytic anemia, splenomegaly and frequent requirement for red blood cell transfusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Eandi Eberle
- Servicio de Hematología-Oncología, Hospital de Pediatría "Prof. Dr. Juan. P. Garrahan", Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The association between HLA class II alleles and susceptibility to sarcoidosis is well documented. Further, the HLA-DRB1 15 and DQB1 0602 haplotype has been considered as a marker for both chronic and severe disease. Splenomegaly has been proposed as a marker for severity and activity in sarcoidosis, although its functional mechanism is unknown. In other diseases, HLA class II alleles can be markers for splenomegaly. We therefore set out to test the hypothesis that the primary DRB1 15-DQB1 0602 link in sarcoidosis would be to splenomegaly. DESIGN AND SUBJECTS We performed abdominal ultrasonography to evaluate the prevalence and extent of splenomegaly and genotyped for HLA-DRB1 and DQB1 using allele or allele group specific primers in polymerase-chain-reaction on 138 Japanese sarcoidosis patients as case comparison study. Furthermore, we explored their relationship with other clinically important indices, e.g. chest radiograph stage, serum angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) concentration and duration of disease. RESULTS Splenomegaly was detected in 37 (26.8%) sarcoidosis patients. DQB1 0602 showed associations with splenomegaly (P < 0.0001) and longer disease duration (P = 0.007). In addition, higher chest radiograph staging was associated with both DQB1 0602 (P = 0.02) and splenomegaly (P = 0.003). The presence of splenomegaly was associated with higher serum ACE concentration (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION We conclude that in the Japanese population the primary association of HLA class II DQB1 0602 is with splenomegaly. This allele is also a marker for chronicity and lung disease severity. On the other hand, the presence of splenomegaly is a marker for severity and activity. Further studies are needed to explore the relationship between splenomegaly and sarcoidosis in other ethnic groups and its association with HLA-DQB1 0602.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Sato
- Interstitial Lung Disease Unit, Royal Brompton Hospital and NHLI, Imperial College of Science, Technology & Medicine, London, UK.
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Rigaud S, Latour S. [An X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome (XLP) caused by mutations in the inhibitor-of-apoptosis gene XIAP]. Med Sci (Paris) 2007; 23:235-7. [PMID: 17349275 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2007233235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Cunningham AF, Gaspal F, Serre K, Mohr E, Henderson IR, Scott-Tucker A, Kenny SM, Khan M, Toellner KM, Lane PJL, MacLennan ICM. Salmonella induces a switched antibody response without germinal centers that impedes the extracellular spread of infection. J Immunol 2007; 178:6200-7. [PMID: 17475847 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.10.6200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
T-dependent Ab responses are characterized by parallel extrafollicular plasmablast growth and germinal center (GC) formation. This study identifies that, in mice, the Ab response against Salmonella is novel in its kinetics and its regulation. It demonstrates that viable, attenuated Salmonella induce a massive early T-dependent extrafollicular response, whereas GC formation is delayed until 1 mo after infection. The extrafollicular Ab response with switching to IgG2c, the IgG2a equivalent in C57BL/6 mice, is well established by day 3 and persists through 5 wk. Switching is strongly T dependent, and the outer membrane proteins are shown to be major targets of the early switched IgG2c response, whereas flagellin and LPS are not. GC responses are associated with affinity maturation of IgG2c, and their induction is associated with bacterial burden because GC could be induced earlier by treating with antibiotics. Clearance of these bacteria is not a consequence of high-affinity Ab production, for clearance occurs equally in CD154-deficient mice, which do not develop GC, and wild-type mice. Nevertheless, transferred low- and high-affinity IgG2c and less efficiently IgM were shown to impede Salmonella colonization of splenic macrophages. Furthermore, Ab induced during the infection markedly reduces bacteremia. Thus, although Ab does not prevent the progress of established splenic infection, it can prevent primary infection and impedes secondary hemogenous spread of the disease. These results may explain why attenuated Salmonella-induced B cell responses are protective in secondary, but not primary infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam F Cunningham
- Medical Research Council Centre for Immune Regulation, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
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Kharkar V, Pande S, Mahajan S, Dwiwedi R, Khopkar U. Griscelli syndrome: a new phenotype with circumscribed pigment loss? Dermatol Online J 2007; 13:17. [PMID: 17498436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Griscelli syndrome is a rare genetic immunodeficiency disorder characterized by pigment dilution, recurrent cutaneous and pulmonary infections, neurological deterioration, hypogammaglobulinemia, and defective cell-mediated immunity. Mutations of three distinct genes have been described in Griscelli syndrome with different phenotypes. The disease is usually fatal by the first decade of life. We report a 20-year-old female with Griscelli syndrome with circumscribed pigment loss over thighs and abdomen in addition to diffuse pigment dilution. An accelerated phase, similar to that described in Chediak-Higashi syndrome, was also observed in our case in the form of neurological deterioration. Survival of the patient beyond the first decade of life in the absence of specific therapy was also a distinctive feature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidya Kharkar
- Department of Dermatology, Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Mumbai
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Havelková H, Badalová J, Svobodová M, Vojtíková J, Kurey I, Vladimirov V, Demant P, Lipoldová M. Genetics of susceptibility to leishmaniasis in mice: four novel loci and functional heterogeneity of gene effects. Genes Immun 2007; 7:220-33. [PMID: 16511555 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gene.6364290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Symptoms of human leishmaniasis range from subclinical to extensive systemic disease with splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, skin lesions, anemia and hyperglobulinemia, but the basis of this variation is unknown. Association of progression of the disease with Th2 lymphocyte response was reported in mice but not in humans. As most genetic studies in Leishmania major (L. major)-infected mice were restricted to skin lesions, we analyzed the symptomatology of leishmaniasis in mice by monitoring skin lesions, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly and seven immunological parameters. We detected and mapped 17 Leishmania major response (Lmr) gene loci that control the symptoms of infection. Surprisingly, the individual Lmr loci control 13 different combinations of pathological and immunological symptoms. Seven loci control both pathological and immunological parameters, 10 influence immunological parameters only. Moreover, the genetics of clinical symptoms is also very heterogeneous: loci Lmr13 and Lmr4 determine skin lesions only, Lmr5 and Lmr10 skin lesions and splenomegaly, Lmr14 and Lmr3 splenomegaly and hepatomegaly, Lmr3 (weakly) skin lesions, and Lmr15 hepatomegaly only. Only two immunological parameters, IgE and interferon-gamma serum levels, correlate partly with clinical manifestations. These findings extend the paradigm for the genetics of host response to infection to include numerous genes, each controlling a different set of organ-specific and systemic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Havelková
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
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