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Kaleta K, Krupa J, Suchy W, Sopel A, Korkosz M, Nowakowski J. Endothelial dysfunction and risk factors for atherosclerosis in psoriatic arthritis: overview and comparison with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Int 2024; 44:1587-1606. [PMID: 38522049 PMCID: PMC11343792 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-024-05556-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is defined as an impairment in the vasodilatory, anti-thrombotic, and anti-inflammatory properties of the cells that make up the lining of blood vessels. ED is considered a key step in the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The association between ED and systemic inflammatory diseases is well established. However, the prevalence and clinical significance of ED in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) have been investigated to a lesser extent. This review aims to explore the link between ED and PsA, including ED in macro- and microcirculation, as well as risk factors for its occurrence in PsA and its relationship with atherosclerosis in PsA. Furthermore, the ED in PsA was compared with that of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Regarding ED in the microcirculation, the coronary flow reserve was found to be significantly reduced in individuals with PsA. The relationship between PsA and macrovascular ED is more pronounced, along with more advanced atherosclerosis detected in patients with PsA. These results are consistent with those obtained in RA studies. On the other hand, arterial stiffness and signs of vascular remodeling were found more frequently in RA than in PsA, with the potential role of efficient anti-TNF treatment in patients with PsA and psoriasis explaining this finding. The impact of ED on cardiovascular diseases and the burden of this risk caused independently by PsA have not yet been precisely established, however, this group of patients requires special attention with regard to cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Kaleta
- Students' Scientific Group at the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Julia Krupa
- Students' Scientific Group at the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Wiktoria Suchy
- Students' Scientific Group at the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Sopel
- Students' Scientific Group at the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Mariusz Korkosz
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jarosław Nowakowski
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland.
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Wang Z, Xia Q, Su W, Zhang M, Gu Y, Xu J, Chen W, Jiang T. The commonness in immune infiltration of rheumatoid arthritis and atherosclerosis: Screening for central targets via microarray data analysis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1013531. [PMID: 36311761 PMCID: PMC9606677 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1013531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although increasing evidence has reported an increased risk of atherosclerosis (AS) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the communal molecular mechanism of this phenomenon is still far from being fully elucidated. Hence, this article aimed to explore the pathogenesis of RA complicated with AS. Methods Based on the strict inclusion/exclusion criteria, four gene datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. After identifying the communal differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and hub genes, comprehensive bioinformatics analysis, including functional annotation, co-expression analysis, expression validation, drug-gene prediction, and TF-mRNA-miRNA regulatory network construction, was conducted. Moreover, the immune infiltration of RA and AS was analyzed and compared based on the CIBERSORT algorithm, and the correlation between hub genes and infiltrating immune cells was evaluated in RA and AS respectively. Results A total of 54 upregulated and 12 downregulated communal DEGs were screened between GSE100927 and GSE55457, and functional analysis of these genes indicated that the potential pathogenesis lies in immune terms. After the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction, a total of six hub genes (CCR5, CCR7, IL7R, PTPRC, CD2, and CD3D) were determined as hub genes, and the subsequent comprehensive bioinformatics analysis of the hub genes re-emphasized the importance of the immune system in RA and AS. Additionally, three overlapping infiltrating immune cells were found between RA and AS based on the CIBERSORT algorithm, including upregulated memory B cells, follicular helper T cells and γδT cells. Conclusions Our study uncover the communal central genes and commonness in immune infiltration between RA and AS, and the analysis of six hub genes and three immune cells profile might provide new insights into potential pathogenesis therapeutic direction of RA complicated with AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuoxiang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qingyue Xia
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenxing Su
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingyang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yiyu Gu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jialiang Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Weixiang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Weixiang Chen, ; Tingbo Jiang,
| | - Tingbo Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Weixiang Chen, ; Tingbo Jiang,
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Kalinskaya A, Dukhin O, Lebedeva A, Maryukhnich E, Rusakovich G, Vorobyeva D, Shpektor A, Margolis L, Vasilieva E. Circulating Cytokines in Myocardial Infarction Are Associated With Coronary Blood Flow. Front Immunol 2022; 13:837642. [PMID: 35242141 PMCID: PMC8886043 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.837642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The level of systemic inflammation correlates with the severity of the clinical course of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). It has been shown that circulating cytokines and endothelial dysfunction play an important role in the process of clot formation. The aim of our study was to assess the concentration of various circulating cytokines, endothelial function and blood clotting in AMI patients depending on the blood flow through the infarction-related artery (IRA). Methods We included 75 patients with AMI. 58 presented with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and 17 had non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (non-STEMI). A flow-mediated dilation test (FMD test), thrombodynamics and rotational thromboelastometry as well as assessment of 14 serum cytokines using xMAP technology were performed. Findings Non-STEMI-patients were characterized by higher levels of MDC, MIP-1β, TNF-α. Moreover, we observed that patients with impaired blood flow through the IRA (TIMI flow 0-1) had higher average and initial clot growth rates, earlier onset of spontaneous clots, C-reactive protein (CRP) and IL-10 compared to patients with preserved blood flow through the IRA (TIMI flow 2-3). Patients with TIMI 2-3 blood flow had higher level of IP-10. IL-10 correlated with CRP and pro-inflammatory cytokines levels, initial clot growth rate and clot lysis time in TIMI 0-1 patients. All these differences were statistically significant. Interpretation We demonstrated that concentrations of the inflammatory cytokines correlate not only with the form of myocardial infarction (STEMI or non-STEMI), but also with the blood flow through the infarct-related artery. Inflammatory response, functional state of endothelium, and clot formation are closely linked with each other. A combination of these parameters affects the patency of the infarct-related artery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kalinskaya
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Cardiology Department, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia.,Clinical City Hospital named after I.V. Davydovsky, Moscow Department of Healthcare, Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg Dukhin
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Cardiology Department, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia.,Clinical City Hospital named after I.V. Davydovsky, Moscow Department of Healthcare, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Lebedeva
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Cardiology Department, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Maryukhnich
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Cardiology Department, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Georgy Rusakovich
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Cardiology Department, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria Vorobyeva
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Cardiology Department, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Shpektor
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Cardiology Department, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia.,Clinical City Hospital named after I.V. Davydovsky, Moscow Department of Healthcare, Moscow, Russia
| | - Leonid Margolis
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Elena Vasilieva
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Cardiology Department, Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russia.,Clinical City Hospital named after I.V. Davydovsky, Moscow Department of Healthcare, Moscow, Russia
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Zhan H, Li H, Cheng L, Yan S, Zheng W, Li Y. Novel Insights Into Gene Signatures and Their Correlation With Immune Infiltration of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Behcet's Disease. Front Immunol 2022; 12:794800. [PMID: 34975900 PMCID: PMC8714896 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.794800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Behcet’s disease (BD) is a chronic inflammatory disease that involves systemic vasculitis and mainly manifests as oral and genital ulcers, uveitis, and skin damage as the first clinical symptoms, leading to gastrointestinal, aortic, or even neural deterioration. There is an urgent need for effective gene signatures for BD’s early diagnosis and elucidation of its underlying etiology. Methods We identified 82 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in BD cases compared with healthy controls (HC) after combining two Gene Expression Omnibus datasets. We performed pathway analyses on these DEGs and constructed a gene co-expression network and its correlation with clinical traits. Hub genes were identified using a protein–protein interaction network. We manually selected CCL4 as a central hub gene, and gene-set enrichment and immune cell subset analyses were applied on patients in high- and low-CCL4 expression groups. Meanwhile, we validated the diagnostic value of hub genes in differentiating BD patients from HC in peripheral blood mononuclear cells using real-time PCR. Results Twelve hub genes were identified, and we validated the upregulation of CCL4 and the downregulation of NPY2R mRNA expression. Higher expression of CCL4 was accompanied by larger fractions of CD8 + T cells, natural killer cells, M1 macrophages, and activated mast cells. Receiver operator characteristic curves showed good discrimination between cases and controls based on the expression of these genes. Conclusion CCL4 and NPY2R could be diagnostic biomarkers for BD that reveal inflammatory status and predict vascular involvement in BD, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoting Zhan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haolong Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Linlin Cheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Songxin Yan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjie Zheng
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Ministry of Science & Technology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yongzhe Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department, State Key Laboratory of Complex, Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Jongstra-Bilen J, Tai K, Althagafi MG, Siu A, Scipione CA, Karim S, Polenz CK, Ikeda J, Hyduk SJ, Cybulsky MI. Role of myeloid-derived chemokine CCL5/RANTES at an early stage of atherosclerosis. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2021; 156:69-78. [PMID: 33781821 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
One of the hallmarks of atherosclerosis is ongoing accumulation of macrophages in the artery intima beginning at disease onset. Monocyte recruitment contributes to increasing macrophage abundance at early stages of atherosclerosis. Although the chemokine CCL5 (RANTES) has been studied in atherosclerosis, its role in the recruitment of monocytes to early lesions has not been elucidated. We show that expression of Ccl5 mRNA, as well as other ligands of the CCR5 receptor (Ccl3 and Ccl4), is induced in the aortic intima of Ldlr-/- mice 3 weeks after the initiation of cholesterol-rich diet (CRD)-induced hypercholesterolemia. En face immunostaining revealed that CCL5 protein expression is also upregulated at 3 weeks of CRD. Blockade of CCR5 significantly reduced monocyte recruitment to 3-week lesions, suggesting that chemokine signaling through CCR5 is critical. However, we observed that Ccl5-deficiency had no effect on early lesion formation and CCL5-blockade did not affect monocyte recruitment in Ldlr-/- mice. Immunostaining of the lesions in Ldlr-/- mice and reciprocal bone marrow transplantation (BMT) of Ccl5+/+ and Ccl5-/- mice revealed that CCL5 is expressed by both myeloid and endothelial cells. BMT experiments were carried out to determine if CCL5 produced by distinct cells has functions that may be concealed in Ccl5-/-Ldlr-/- mice. We found that hematopoietic cell-derived CCL5 regulates monocyte recruitment and the abundance of intimal macrophages in 3-week lesions of Ldlr-/- mice but plays a minor role in 6-week lesions. Our findings suggest that there is a short window in early lesion formation during which myeloid cell-derived CCL5 has a critical role in monocyte recruitment and macrophage abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Jongstra-Bilen
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Kelly Tai
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Marwan G Althagafi
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Allan Siu
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Corey A Scipione
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Saraf Karim
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Chanele K Polenz
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Jiro Ikeda
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Sharon J Hyduk
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada.
| | - Myron I Cybulsky
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada; Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
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6
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Chang TT, Yang HY, Chen C, Chen JW. CCL4 Inhibition in Atherosclerosis: Effects on Plaque Stability, Endothelial Cell Adhesiveness, and Macrophages Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186567. [PMID: 32911750 PMCID: PMC7555143 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is an arterial inflammatory disease. The circulating level of the C-C chemokine ligand (CCL4) is increased in atherosclerotic patients. This study aimed to investigate whether CCL4 inhibition could retard the progression of atherosclerosis. In ApoE knockout mice, CCL4 antibody treatment reduced circulating interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels and improved lipid profiles accompanied with upregulation of the liver X receptor. CCL4 inhibition reduced the atheroma areas and modified the progression of atheroma plaques, which consisted of a thicker fibrous cap with a reduced macrophage content and lower matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 expressions, suggesting the stabilization of atheroma plaques. Human coronary endothelial cells (HCAECs) and macrophages were stimulated with TNF-α or oxidized LDL (ox-LDL). The induced expression of E-selectin, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) were attenuated by the CCL4 antibody or CCL4 si-RNA. CCL4 inhibition reduced the adhesiveness of HCAECs, which is an early sign of atherogenesis. CCL4 blockade reduced the activity of metalloproteinase-2 and -9 and the production of TNF-α and IL-6 in stimulated macrophages. The effects of CCL4 inhibition on down-regulating adhesion and inflammation proteins were obtained through the nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) signaling pathway. The direct inhibition of CCL4 stabilized atheroma and reduced endothelial and macrophage activation. CCL4 may be a novel therapeutic target for modulating atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Chang
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; (T.-T.C.); (H.-Y.Y.); (C.C.)
| | - Hsin-Ying Yang
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; (T.-T.C.); (H.-Y.Y.); (C.C.)
| | - Ching Chen
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; (T.-T.C.); (H.-Y.Y.); (C.C.)
| | - Jaw-Wen Chen
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan; (T.-T.C.); (H.-Y.Y.); (C.C.)
- Healthcare and Services Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-28757730; Fax: +886-2-28711601
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Pyrogallol-Phloroglucinol-6,6-Bieckolon Attenuates Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Phenotype Switching in Hyperlipidemia through Modulation of Chemokine Receptor 5. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18080393. [PMID: 32727125 PMCID: PMC7460451 DOI: 10.3390/md18080393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia induces vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation and phenotype switching from contractile to synthetic. This process is involved in arterial remodeling via the chemokine ligand 5 (CCL5)/chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) pathway. Arterial remodeling is related to atherosclerosis or intimal hyperplasia. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether pyrogallol-phloroglucinol-6,6-bieckol (PPB) from E. cava reduces VSMC proliferation and phenotype switching via the CCL5/CCR5 pathway. The CCL5/CCR5 expression, VSMC proliferation and phenotypic alterations were evaluated using a cell model of VSMC exposed in hyperlipidemia, and an animal model of mice fed a high-fat-diet (HFD). The expression of CCL5/CCR5 increased in both the cell and animal models of hyperlipidemia. Treatment with PPB decreased CCL5/CCR5 expression in both models. The expression of contractile markers of VSMCs, including alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (SM-MHC), and smooth muscle protein 22 alpha (SM22α), were decreased by hyperlipidemia and restored after treatment with PPB. The silencing of CCR5 attenuated the effects of PPB treatment. VSMC proliferation and the intima-media thickness of the aortas, increased with HFD and decreased after treatment with PPB. The VSMC proliferation ratio and messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression of cell cycle regulatory factors increased in the in vitro model and were restored after treatment with PPB. PPB treatment reduced VSMC proliferation and phenotype switching induced by hyperlipidemia through inhibition of the CCL5/CCR5 pathway.
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8
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Glickman JW, Dubin C, Renert-Yuval Y, Dahabreh D, Kimmel GW, Auyeung K, Estrada YD, Singer G, Krueger JG, Pavel AB, Guttman-Yassky E. Cross-sectional study of blood biomarkers of patients with moderate to severe alopecia areata reveals systemic immune and cardiovascular biomarker dysregulation. J Am Acad Dermatol 2020; 84:370-380. [PMID: 32376430 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.04.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although there is increased understanding of the alopecia areata (AA) pathogenesis based on studies in scalp tissues, little is known about its systemic profile. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the blood proteomic signature of AA and determine biomarkers associated with increased disease severity. METHODS In a cross-sectional study, we assessed 350 inflammatory and cardiovascular proteins using OLINK high-throughput proteomics in patients with moderate to severe AA (n = 35), as compared with healthy individuals (n = 36), patients with moderate to severe psoriasis (n = 19), and those with atopic dermatitis (n = 49). RESULTS Seventy-four proteins were significantly differentially expressed between AA and control individuals (false discovery rate, <.05) including innate immunity (interleukin [IL] 6/IL-8), T helper (Th) type 1 (interferon [IFN] γ/CXCL9/CXCL10/CXCL11), Th2 (CCL13/CCL17/CCL7), Th17 (CCL20/PI3/S100A12), and cardiovascular-risk proteins (OLR1/OSM/MPO/PRTN3). Eighty-six biomarkers correlated with AA clinical severity (P < .05), including Th1/Th2, and cardiovascular/atherosclerosis-related proteins, including SELP/PGLYRP1/MPO/IL-18/OSM (P < .05). Patients with AA totalis/universalis showed the highest systemic inflammatory tone, including cardiovascular risk biomarkers, compared to control individuals and even to patients with atopic dermatitis and those with psoriasis. The AA profile showed some Th1/Th2 differences in the setting of concomitant atopy. LIMITATIONS Our analysis was limited to 350 proteins. CONCLUSION This study defined the abnormalities of moderate to severe AA and associated circulatory biomarkers. It shows that AA has systemic immune, cardiovascular, and atherosclerosis biomarker dysregulation, suggesting the need for systemic treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob W Glickman
- Department of Dermatology and Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Celina Dubin
- Department of Dermatology and Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Yael Renert-Yuval
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Dante Dahabreh
- Department of Dermatology and Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Grace W Kimmel
- Department of Dermatology and Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Kelsey Auyeung
- Department of Dermatology and Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Yeriel D Estrada
- Department of Dermatology and Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Giselle Singer
- Department of Dermatology and Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - James G Krueger
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
| | - Ana B Pavel
- Department of Dermatology and Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Emma Guttman-Yassky
- Department of Dermatology and Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
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9
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Mukaida N, Sasaki SI, Baba T. CCL4 Signaling in the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1231:23-32. [PMID: 32060843 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-36667-4_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
CCL4, a CC chemokine, previously known as macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1β, has diverse effects on various types of immune and nonimmune cells by the virtue of its interaction with its specific receptor, CCR5, in collaboration with related but distinct CC chemokines such as CCL3 and CCL5, which can also bind CCR5. Several lines of evidence indicate that CCL4 can promote tumor development and progression by recruiting regulatory T cells and pro-tumorigenic macrophages, and acting on other resident cells present in the tumor microenvironment, such as fibroblasts and endothelial cells, to facilitate their pro-tumorigenic capacities. These observations suggest the potential efficacy of CCR5 antagonists for cancer treatment. On the contrary, under some situations, CCL4 can enhance tumor immunity by recruiting cytolytic lymphocytes and macrophages with phagocytic ability. Thus, presently, the clinical application of CCR5 antagonists warrants more detailed analysis of the role of CCL4 and other CCR5-binding chemokines in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naofumi Mukaida
- Division of Molecular Bioregulation, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.
| | - So-Ichiro Sasaki
- Division of Molecular Bioregulation, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Baba
- Division of Molecular Bioregulation, Cancer Research Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
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10
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The role of IL-1β in aortic aneurysm. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 504:7-14. [PMID: 31945339 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is a vital cytokine that plays an important role in regulating immune responses to infectious challenges and sterile insults. In addition, two endogenous inhibitors of functional receptor binding, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), complete the family. To gain biological activity, IL-1β requires processing by the protease caspase-1 and activation of inflammasomes. Numerous clinical association studies and experimental approaches have implicated members of the IL-1 family, their receptors, or components of the processing machinery in the underlying processes of cardiovascular diseases. Here, we summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the pro-inflammatory and disease-modulating role of the IL-1 family in aneurysm. We discuss clinical evidence, signalling pathway, and mechanism of action and last, lend a perspective on currently developing therapeutic strategies involving IL-1β in aneurysm.
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11
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Comparisons of lung and gluteus transcriptome profiles between yaks at different ages. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14213. [PMID: 31578356 PMCID: PMC6775228 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50618-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The yak, Bos grunniens, is the only large mammal in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and has been bred to provide meat, milk, and transportation. Previous studies indicate that the immune system contributes to the yak's adaptation to high-altitude environments. In order to further investigate changes in immune function during yak development, we compared the transcriptome profiles of gluteus and lung tissues among yaks at 6, 30, 60, and 90 months of age. Analyses of significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in lung tissues revealed that immune function was more activated at 6-months and less activated at 90-months than in the 30 and 60-month-old animals. DEG exploration in gluteal tissues revealed that immune functions were more highly activated at both 6 and 90-months, compared with 30 and 60-months. Immune system activation in the muscle and lung tissues of 30-month-old yaks may increase their resistance to infections, while decreased may be due to aging. Furthermore, the higher immune activation status in the gluteal tissues in 90-month-old yaks could be due to muscle injury and subsequent regeneration, which is supported by the fact that 5 unigenes related with muscle injury and 3 related to muscle regeneration displayed greater expression levels at 90-months than at 30 and 60-months. Overall, the present study highlights the important role of the immune system in yak development, which will facilitate future investigations.
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12
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Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) and its severe subtype pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) encompass a set of multifactorial diseases defined by sustained elevation of pulmonary arterial pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance leading to right ventricular failure and subsequent death. Pulmonary hypertension is characterized by vascular remodeling in association with smooth muscle cell proliferation of the arterioles, medial thickening, and plexiform lesion formation. Despite our recent advances in understanding its pathogenesis and related therapeutic discoveries, PH still remains a progressive disease without a cure. Nevertheless, development of drugs that specifically target molecular pathways involved in disease pathogenesis has led to improvement in life quality and clinical outcomes in patients with PAH. There are presently more than 12 Food and Drug Administration-approved vasodilator drugs in the United States for the treatment of PAH; however, mortality with contemporary therapies remains high. More recently, there have been exuberant efforts to develop new pharmacologic therapies that target the fundamental origins of PH and thus could represent disease-modifying opportunities. This review aims to summarize recent developments on key signaling pathways and molecular targets that drive PH disease progression, with emphasis on new therapeutic options under development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Shan Chen Woodcock
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Stephen Y. Chan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Center for Pulmonary Vascular Biology and Medicine, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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13
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Muñoz JC, Martín R, Alonso C, Gutiérrez B, Nieto ML. Relation between serum levels of chemotaxis-related factors and the presence of coronary artery calcification as expression of subclinical atherosclerosis. Clin Biochem 2017; 50:1048-1055. [PMID: 28830786 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerotic plaque formation is characterized by recruitment of monocytes/macrophages, which contributes to its calcification by releasing pro-osteogenic cytokines. Chemotaxis-related proteins, including netrin-1, gremlin-1 and macrophage inflammatory protein-1β (MIP-1β), regulate immune cell migration. However, their relation with the presence of subclinical atherosclerosis, assessed by measures of coronary artery calcifications (CAC) in patients without known coronary artery disease (CAD), remains unclear. AIMS To examine whether these chemoattractant-related proteins are associated with the presence of CAC in patients without known CAD. METHODS A retrospective case-control observational study was conducted in 120 outpatients without CAD, undergoing a CAC evaluation by computed tomography with the Agatston Calcium score, categorized as CAC- (none) and CAC+ (≥1). Serum biomarkers were quantified by ELISA. RESULTS Lpa, dyslipidaemia and smoking were significantly higher (p=0.006, p≤0.0001 and p=0.001, respectively) in CAC+ patients. Serum netrin-1 levels were lower in CAC+ than in CAC- patients (196.8±127.8pg/ml versus 748.3±103.2pg/ml, p≤0.0001), and a similar pattern was found for gremlin-1 (1.14±0.39ng/ml versus 4.33±1.20ng/ml, p≤0.0001). However, TNFα and MIP-1β were strongly upregulated in CAC+ patients (447.56±74pg/ml versus 1104±144pg/ml and 402.00±94pg/ml versus 905.0±101.6pg/ml, respectively, p≤0.001). Multivariate analyses revealed that low netrin-1 and gremlin-1 levels and high TNFα and MIP-1β amounts were associated with CAC presence, after adjustment for clinical and biochemical variables. CONCLUSIONS We found a netrin-1 and gremlin-1 deficiency and a TNFα and MIP-1β overproduction in CAC+ patients' serum. These proteins may be used to identify individuals with subclinical atherosclerosis. Further research is warranted in a larger cohort of patients to establish these chemotactic-related proteins as biomarkers that improve CAD risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Muñoz
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Universitario Rio Hortega, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Rubén Martín
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, CSIC-UVa, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Carmen Alonso
- Servicio de Radiología, Hospital Universitario Rio Hortega, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, CSIC-UVa, Valladolid, Spain
| | - María Luisa Nieto
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, CSIC-UVa, Valladolid, Spain; CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV). Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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14
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Monocyte subtypes and the CCR2 chemokine receptor in cardiovascular disease. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:1215-1224. [DOI: 10.1042/cs20170009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Monocytes circulate in the blood and migrate to inflammatory tissues, but their functions can be either detrimental or beneficial, depending on their phenotypes. In humans, classical monocytes are inflammatory cluster of differentiation (CD)14++CD16−CCR2++ cells originated from the bone marrow or spleen reservoirs and comprise ≥92% of monocytes. Intermediate monocytes (CD14++CD16+CCR2+) are involved in the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines [such as interleukin (IL)-10], reactive oxygen species (ROS), and proinflammatory mediators [such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and IL-1β). Nonclassical monocytes (CD14+CD16++CCR2−) are patrolling cells involved in tissue repair and debris removal from the vasculature. Many studies in both humans and animals have shown the importance of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and its receptor [chemokine receptor of MCP-1 (CCR2)] in pathologies, such as atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction (MI). This review presents the importance of these monocyte subsets in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and sheds light on new strategies for the blocking of the MCP-1/CCR2 axis as a therapeutic goal for treating vascular disorders.
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15
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Vajen T, Benedikter BJ, Heinzmann ACA, Vasina EM, Henskens Y, Parsons M, Maguire PB, Stassen FR, Heemskerk JWM, Schurgers LJ, Koenen RR. Platelet extracellular vesicles induce a pro-inflammatory smooth muscle cell phenotype. J Extracell Vesicles 2017; 6:1322454. [PMID: 28717419 PMCID: PMC5505004 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2017.1322454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are mediators of cell communication during health and disease, and abundantly released by platelets upon activation or during ageing. Platelet EVs exert modulatory effects on immune and vascular cells. Platelet EVs may modulate the function of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC). Platelet EVs were isolated from platelet-rich plasma and incubated with SMC in order to assess binding, proliferation, migration and pro-inflammatory phenotype of the cells. Platelet EVs firmly bound to resting SMC through the platelet integrin αIIbβ3, while binding also occurred in a CX3CL1–CX3CR1-dependent manner after cytokine stimulation. Platelet EVs increased SMC migration comparable to platelet derived growth factor or platelet factor 4 and induced SMC proliferation, which relied on CD40- and P-selectin interactions. Flow-resistant monocyte adhesion to platelet EV-treated SMC was increased compared with resting SMC. Again, this adhesion depended on integrin αIIbβ3 and P-selectin, and to a lesser extent on CD40 and CX3CR1. Treatment of SMC with platelet EVs induced interleukin 6 secretion. Finally, platelet EVs induced a synthetic SMC morphology and decreased calponin expression. Collectively, these data indicate that platelet EVs exert a strong immunomodulatory activity on SMC. In particular, platelet EVs induce a switch towards a pro-inflammatory phenotype, stimulating vascular remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Vajen
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Birke J Benedikter
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Nutrition and Transtional Research in Medicine (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandra C A Heinzmann
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Elena M Vasina
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Yvonne Henskens
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC+), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Parsons
- UCD Conway Institute, School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Patricia B Maguire
- UCD Conway Institute, School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Frank R Stassen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Johan W M Heemskerk
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Leon J Schurgers
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Rory R Koenen
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), München, Germany
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16
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Giordano S, Zhao X, Chen YF, Litovsky SH, Hage FG, Townes TM, Sun CW, Wu LC, Oparil S, Xing D. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Endothelial Cells Overexpressing Interleukin-8 Receptors A/B and/or C-C Chemokine Receptors 2/5 Inhibit Vascular Injury Response. Stem Cells Transl Med 2017; 6:1168-1177. [PMID: 28233474 PMCID: PMC5442847 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.16-0316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recruitment of neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages to the site of vascular injury is mediated by binding of chemoattractants to interleukin (IL) 8 receptors RA and RB (IL8RA/B) C‐C chemokine receptors (CCR) 2 and 5 expressed on neutrophil and monocyte/macrophage membranes. Endothelial cells (ECs) derived from rat‐induced pluripotent stem cells (RiPS) were transduced with adenovirus containing cDNA of IL8RA/B and/or CCR2/5. We hypothesized that RiPS‐ECs overexpressing IL8RA/B (RiPS‐IL8RA/B‐ECs), CCR2/5 (RiPS‐CCR2/5‐ECs), or both receptors (RiPS‐IL8RA/B+CCR2/5‐ECs) will inhibit inflammatory responses and neointima formation in balloon‐injured rat carotid artery. Twelve‐week‐old male Sprague‐Dawley rats underwent balloon injury of the right carotid artery and intravenous infusion of (a) saline vehicle, (b) control RiPS‐Null‐ECs (ECs transduced with empty virus), (c) RiPS‐IL8RA/B‐ECs, (d) RiPS‐CCR2/5‐ECs, or (e) RiPS‐IL8RA/B+CCR2/5‐ECs. Inflammatory mediator expression and leukocyte infiltration were measured in injured and uninjured arteries at 24 hours postinjury by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Neointima formation was assessed at 14 days postinjury. RiPS‐ECs expressing the IL8RA/B or CCR2/5 homing device targeted the injured arteries and decreased injury‐induced inflammatory cytokine expression, neutrophil/macrophage infiltration, and neointima formation. Transfused RiPS‐ECs overexpressing IL8RA/B and/or CCR2/5 prevented inflammatory responses and neointima formation after vascular injury. Targeted delivery of iPS‐ECs with a homing device to inflammatory mediators in injured arteries provides a novel strategy for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Stem Cells Translational Medicine2017;6:1168–1177
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Giordano
- Vascular Biology and Hypertension Program, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Xiangmin Zhao
- Vascular Biology and Hypertension Program, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Yiu-Fai Chen
- Vascular Biology and Hypertension Program, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Silvio H Litovsky
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Fadi G Hage
- Vascular Biology and Hypertension Program, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA.,Section of Cardiology, Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Tim M Townes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Chiao-Wang Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Li-Chen Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Suzanne Oparil
- Vascular Biology and Hypertension Program, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Dongqi Xing
- Vascular Biology and Hypertension Program, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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17
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Chang TT, Chen JW. Emerging role of chemokine CC motif ligand 4 related mechanisms in diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease: friends or foes? Cardiovasc Diabetol 2016; 15:117. [PMID: 27553774 PMCID: PMC4995753 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-016-0439-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines are critical components in pathology. The roles of chemokine CC motif ligand 4 (CCL4) and its receptor are associated with diabetes mellitus (DM) and atherosclerosis cardiovascular diseases. However, due to the complexity of these diseases, the specific effects of CCL4 remain unclear, although recent reports have suggested that multiple pathways are related to CCL4. In this review, we provide an overview of the role and potential mechanisms of CCL4 and one of its major receptors, fifth CC chemokine receptor (CCR5), in DM and cardiovascular diseases. CCL4-related mechanisms, including CCL4 and CCR5, might provide potential therapeutic targets in DM and/or atherosclerosis cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Chang
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jaw-Wen Chen
- Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C. .,Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C. .,Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C. .,Division of Clinical Research, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.
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18
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Fatigue-induced Orosomucoid 1 Acts on C-C Chemokine Receptor Type 5 to Enhance Muscle Endurance. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18839. [PMID: 26740279 PMCID: PMC4703980 DOI: 10.1038/srep18839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding and managing fatigue is a significant challenge in clinic and society. In attempting to explore how the body responds to and regulates fatigue, we found in rodent fatigue models that orosomucoid 1 (ORM1) was significantly increased in multiple tissues, including blood and muscle. Interestingly, administration of exogenous ORM1 increased muscle glycogen and enhanced muscle endurance, whereas ORM1 deficiency resulted in a significant decrease of muscle endurance both in vivo and in vitro, which could largely be restored by exogenous ORM1. Further studies demonstrated that ORM1 can bind to C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) on muscle cells and deletion of the receptor abolished the effect of ORM1. Thus, fatigue upregulates the level of ORM1, which in turn functions as an anti-fatigue protein to enhance muscle endurance via the CCR5 pathway. Modulation of the level of ORM1 and CCR5 signaling could be a novel strategy for the management of fatigue.
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19
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Hu J, Xu Q, McTiernan C, Lai YC, Osei-Hwedieh D, Gladwin M. Novel Targets of Drug Treatment for Pulmonary Hypertension. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs 2015; 15:225-34. [PMID: 26016608 DOI: 10.1007/s40256-015-0125-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Biomedical advances over the last decade have identified the central role of proliferative pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) in the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Furthermore, promoters of proliferation and apoptosis resistance in PASMCs and endothelial cells, such as aberrant signal pathways involving growth factors, G protein-coupled receptors, kinases, and microRNAs, have also been described. As a result of these discoveries, PH is currently divided into subgroups based on the underlying pathology, which allows focused and targeted treatment of the condition. The defining features of PH, which subsequently lead to vascular wall remodeling, are dysregulated proliferation of PASMCs, local inflammation, and apoptosis-resistant endothelial cells. Efforts to assess the relative contributions of these factors have generated several promising targets. This review discusses recent novel targets of therapies for PH that have been developed as a result of these advances, which are now in pre-clinical and clinical trials (e.g., imatinib [phase III]; nilotinib, AT-877ER, rituximab, tacrolimus, paroxetine, sertraline, fluoxetine, bardoxolone methyl [phase II]; and sorafenib, FK506, aviptadil, endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) [phase I]). While substantial progress has been made in recent years in targeting key molecular pathways, PH still remains without a cure, and these novel therapies provide an important conceptual framework of categorizing patients on the basis of molecular phenotype(s) for effective treatment of the disease.
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20
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Abstract
The failing human heart is a bustling network of intra- and inter-cellular signals and related processes attempting to coordinate a repair mechanism for the injured or diseased myocardium. While our understanding of signaling by mode of cytokines is well understood on a systemic level, we are only now coming to elucidate the role of cytokines in cardiac self-regulation. An increasing number of studies are showing now that cardiomyocytes themselves have not only the ability but also the mandate to produce signals, and play direct roles in how these signals are interpreted. One of the families of cytokines employed by distressed cardiac tissue are chemokines. By regulating the movement of pro-inflammatory cell types to sites of injury, we see now how the myocardium responds to stress. Herein we review the participation of these inflammatory mediators and explore the delicate balance between their protective roles and damaging functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew A Jarrah
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Research Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, Box 1030, New York, NY 10029, USA
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21
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Amsellem V, Lipskaia L, Abid S, Poupel L, Houssaini A, Quarck R, Marcos E, Mouraret N, Parpaleix A, Bobe R, Gary-Bobo G, Saker M, Dubois-Randé JL, Gladwin MT, Norris KA, Delcroix M, Combadière C, Adnot S. CCR5 as a treatment target in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Circulation 2014; 130:880-891. [PMID: 24993099 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.114.010757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PH), whether idiopathic or related to underlying diseases such as HIV infection, results from complex vessel remodeling involving both pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell (PA-SMC) proliferation and inflammation. CCR5, a coreceptor for cellular HIV-1 entry expressed on macrophages and vascular cells, may be involved in the pathogenesis of PH. Maraviroc is a new CCR5 antagonist designed to block HIV entry. METHODS AND RESULTS Marked CCR5 expression was found in lungs from patients with idiopathic PH, in mice with hypoxia-induced PH, and in Simian immunodeficiency virus-infected macaques, in which it was localized chiefly in the PA-SMCs. To assess the role for CCR5 in experimental PH, we used both gene disruption and pharmacological CCR5 inactivation in mice. Because maraviroc does not bind to murine CCR5, we used human-CCR5ki mice for pharmacological and immunohistochemical studies. Compared with wild-type mice, CCR5-/- mice or human-CCR5ki mice treated with maraviroc exhibited decreased PA-SMC proliferation and recruitment of perivascular and alveolar macrophages during hypoxia exposure. CCR5-/- mice reconstituted with wild-type bone marrow cells and wild-type mice reconstituted with CCR5-/- bone marrow cells were protected against PH, suggesting CCR5-mediated effects on PA-SMCs and macrophage involvement. The CCR5 ligands CCL5 and the HIV-1 gp120 protein increased intracellular calcium and induced growth of human and human-CCR5ki mouse PA-SMCs; maraviroc inhibited both effects. Maraviroc also reduced the growth-promoting effects of conditioned media from CCL5-activated macrophages derived from human-CCR5ki mice on PA-SMCs from wild-type mice. CONCLUSION The CCL5-CCR5 pathway represents a new therapeutic target in PH associated with HIV or with other conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Amsellem
- Inserm U955 and Département de Physiologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France, Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), France
| | - Larissa Lipskaia
- Inserm U955 and Département de Physiologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France, Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), France
| | - Shariq Abid
- Inserm U955 and Département de Physiologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France, Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), France
| | - Lucie Poupel
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CR7, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France
| | - Amal Houssaini
- Inserm U955 and Département de Physiologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France, Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), France
| | - Rozenn Quarck
- Respiratory Division, University Hospitals of Leuven and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elisabeth Marcos
- Inserm U955 and Département de Physiologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France, Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), France
| | - Nathalie Mouraret
- Inserm U955 and Département de Physiologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France, Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), France
| | - Aurélien Parpaleix
- Inserm U955 and Département de Physiologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France, Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), France
| | - Régis Bobe
- Université Paris-Sud, Unité mixte de Recherche en Santé 770, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Guillaume Gary-Bobo
- Inserm U955 and Département de Physiologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France, Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), France
| | - Mirna Saker
- Inserm U955 and Département de Physiologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France, Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), France
| | - Jean-Luc Dubois-Randé
- Service de Cardiologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, AP-HP, 94010, Créteil, France; Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC)
| | - Mark T Gladwin
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Karen A Norris
- Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Marion Delcroix
- Respiratory Division, University Hospitals of Leuven and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christophe Combadière
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CR7, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France.,Inserm, U1135, CIMI-Paris, 91 Bd de l'hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France.,CNRS, ERL 8255, CIMI-Paris, 91 Bd de l'hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Serge Adnot
- Inserm U955 and Département de Physiologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France, Université Paris-Est Créteil (UPEC), France
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22
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Maguire JJ, Jones KL, Kuc RE, Clarke MC, Bennett MR, Davenport AP. The CCR5 chemokine receptor mediates vasoconstriction and stimulates intimal hyperplasia in human vessels in vitro. Cardiovasc Res 2014; 101:513-21. [PMID: 24323316 PMCID: PMC3928001 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvt333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Revised: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The chemokine receptor CCR5 and its inflammatory ligands have been linked to atherosclerosis, an accelerated form of which occurs in saphenous vein graft disease. We investigated the function of vascular smooth muscle CCR5 in human coronary artery and saphenous vein, vascular tissues susceptible to atherosclerosis, and vasospasm. METHODS AND RESULTS CCR5 ligands were vasoconstrictors in saphenous vein and coronary artery. In vein, constrictor responses to CCL4 were completely blocked by CCR5 antagonists, including maraviroc. CCR5 antagonists prevented the development of a neointima after 14 days in cultured saphenous vein. CCR5 and its ligands were expressed in normal and diseased coronary artery and saphenous vein and localized to medial and intimal smooth muscle, endothelial, and inflammatory cells. [(125)I]-CCL4 bound to venous smooth muscle with KD = 1.15 ± 0.26 nmol/L and density of 22 ± 9 fmol mg(-1) protein. CONCLUSIONS Our data support a potential role for CCR5 in vasoconstriction and neointimal formation in vitro and imply that CCR5 chemokines may contribute to vascular remodelling and augmented vascular tone in human coronary artery and vein graft disease. The repurposing of maraviroc for the treatment of cardiovascular disease warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet J. Maguire
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Level 6 ACCI, Box 110 Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Katie L. Jones
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Level 6 ACCI, Box 110 Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Rhoda E. Kuc
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Level 6 ACCI, Box 110 Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Murray C.H. Clarke
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Level 6 ACCI, Box 110 Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Martin R. Bennett
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Level 6 ACCI, Box 110 Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Anthony P. Davenport
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Level 6 ACCI, Box 110 Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
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Sai Ramesh A, Sethumadhavan R, Thiagarajan P. Structure–Function Studies on Non-synonymous SNPs of Chemokine Receptor Gene Implicated in Cardiovascular Disease: A Computational Approach. Protein J 2013; 32:657-65. [DOI: 10.1007/s10930-013-9529-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Bachelerie F, Ben-Baruch A, Burkhardt AM, Combadiere C, Farber JM, Graham GJ, Horuk R, Sparre-Ulrich AH, Locati M, Luster AD, Mantovani A, Matsushima K, Murphy PM, Nibbs R, Nomiyama H, Power CA, Proudfoot AEI, Rosenkilde MM, Rot A, Sozzani S, Thelen M, Yoshie O, Zlotnik A. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. [corrected]. LXXXIX. Update on the extended family of chemokine receptors and introducing a new nomenclature for atypical chemokine receptors. Pharmacol Rev 2013; 66:1-79. [PMID: 24218476 DOI: 10.1124/pr.113.007724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 653] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sixteen years ago, the Nomenclature Committee of the International Union of Pharmacology approved a system for naming human seven-transmembrane (7TM) G protein-coupled chemokine receptors, the large family of leukocyte chemoattractant receptors that regulates immune system development and function, in large part by mediating leukocyte trafficking. This was announced in Pharmacological Reviews in a major overview of the first decade of research in this field [Murphy PM, Baggiolini M, Charo IF, Hébert CA, Horuk R, Matsushima K, Miller LH, Oppenheim JJ, and Power CA (2000) Pharmacol Rev 52:145-176]. Since then, several new receptors have been discovered, and major advances have been made for the others in many areas, including structural biology, signal transduction mechanisms, biology, and pharmacology. New and diverse roles have been identified in infection, immunity, inflammation, development, cancer, and other areas. The first two drugs acting at chemokine receptors have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), maraviroc targeting CCR5 in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/AIDS, and plerixafor targeting CXCR4 for stem cell mobilization for transplantation in cancer, and other candidates are now undergoing pivotal clinical trials for diverse disease indications. In addition, a subfamily of atypical chemokine receptors has emerged that may signal through arrestins instead of G proteins to act as chemokine scavengers, and many microbial and invertebrate G protein-coupled chemokine receptors and soluble chemokine-binding proteins have been described. Here, we review this extended family of chemokine receptors and chemokine-binding proteins at the basic, translational, and clinical levels, including an update on drug development. We also introduce a new nomenclature for atypical chemokine receptors with the stem ACKR (atypical chemokine receptor) approved by the Nomenclature Committee of the International Union of Pharmacology and the Human Genome Nomenclature Committee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francoise Bachelerie
- Chair, Subcommittee on Chemokine Receptors, Nomenclature Committee-International Union of Pharmacology, Bldg. 10, Room 11N113, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892.
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Mitchell RN. Learning from rejection: What transplantation teaches us about (other) vascular pathologies. J Autoimmun 2013; 45:80-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2013.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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García-Elorriaga G, Rey-Pineda GD. Human immunodeficiency virus, atherosclerosis and Chlamydophila pneumoniae. World J Clin Infect Dis 2012; 2:54-62. [DOI: 10.5495/wjcid.v2.i4.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlamydophila pneumoniae (C. pneumoniae) is an obligate, intracellular bacterium associated with a wide variety of acute and chronic diseases. C. pneumoniae infection is characterized by persistence and immunopathological damage to host target tissues, including the lung. Over the past 20 years, a variety of studies have investigated a possible link between C. pneumoniae infection and atherosclerosis, because of its role in all stages of atherosclerosis, from initial inflammatory lesions to plaque rupture. In the current highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era, many human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients are experiencing health problems that accompany the aging process, mainly the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). There is renewed interest in a link between atherosclerotic CVD and as yet poorly defined environmental exposures, including infectious agents. On the one hand, the patient with HIV and lipodystrophy caused by HAART and exacerbated by C. pneumoniae infection could be a factor of risk for atherosclerosis. An assessment of the therapy against C. pneumoniae and HAART should always be conducted. It is advisable that HIV-acquired immune deficiency syndrome patients undergo a serological test to determine exposure to C. pneumoniae and to assess treatment options. On the other hand, in patients with a positive serology to C. pneumoniae, an increment of the body mass index has been found; therefore, it is probable that the recurrent infection may play an important role in creating adverse endothelial conditions allowing the infection by C. pneumoniae in its chronic form, to damage the endothelial surface. Vascular studies would be necessary for corroboration.
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Diverse roles of macrophages in atherosclerosis: from inflammatory biology to biomarker discovery. Mediators Inflamm 2012; 2012:693083. [PMID: 22577254 PMCID: PMC3337637 DOI: 10.1155/2012/693083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2011] [Accepted: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease, a leading cause of mortality in developed countries, is mainly caused by atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease. Macrophages, which differentiate from monocytes that are recruited from the blood, account for the majority of leukocytes in atherosclerotic plaques. Apoptosis and the suppressed clearance of apoptotic macrophages (efferocytosis) are associated with vulnerable plaques that are prone to rupture, leading to thrombosis. Based on the central functions of macrophages in atherogenesis, cytokines, chemokines, enzymes, or microRNAs related to or produced by macrophages have become important clinical prognostic or diagnostic biomarkers. This paper discusses the impact of monocyte-derived macrophages in early atherogenesis and advanced disease. The role and possible future development of macrophage inflammatory biomarkers are also described.
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Vistnes M. Macrophage inflammatory protein-1β: a novel prognostic biomarker in atherosclerosis? Cardiology 2012; 121:149-51. [PMID: 22441313 DOI: 10.1159/000336484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vistnes
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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Kallel A, Abdessalem S, Sédiri Y, Mourali MS, Feki M, Mechmeche R, Jemaa R, Kaabachi N. Polymorphisms in the CC-chemokine receptor-2 (CCR2) and -5 (CCR5) genes and risk of myocardial infarction among Tunisian male patients. Clin Biochem 2012; 45:420-4. [PMID: 22285384 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2012.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Revised: 12/29/2011] [Accepted: 01/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between CCR2-Val64Ile and CCR5-Δ32 variants and the estimation of haplotypes with MI in a sample of the Tunisian population. DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 290 unrelated MI patients and 282 healthy controls were studied. The CCR2-Val64Ile and CCR5-Δ32 variants were analyzed by PCR-RFLP. RESULTS Subjects carrying at least one copy of the CCR5-deletion allele were significantly more common in the control group, suggesting an atheroprotective effect (adjusted OR=0.44, 95% CI=0.28-0.72, p=0.001). Haplotype analysis showed that MI patients had significantly less 64Val-Del haplotype (9.9% vs. 21.3%, OR=0.30, 95% CI=0.21-0.43, p<0.001) and 64Ile-Ins haplotype (12.3% vs. 16.7%, OR=0.58, 95% CI=0.42-0.80, p<0.001). CONCLUSION A protective effect of the CCR5-Δ32 polymorphism against MI in the Tunisian population was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani Kallel
- LR99ES11, Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Rabta Hospital, Tunis, Tunisia
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Parra J, Portilla J, Pulido F, Sánchez-de la Rosa R, Alonso-Villaverde C, Berenguer J, Blanco JL, Domingo P, Dronda F, Galera C, Gutiérrez F, Kindelán JM, Knobel H, Leal M, López-Aldeguer J, Mariño A, Miralles C, Moltó J, Ortega E, Oteo JA. Clinical utility of maraviroc. Clin Drug Investig 2011; 31:527-542. [PMID: 21595497 DOI: 10.2165/11590700-000000000-00000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Maraviroc belongs to the family of chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 5 (CCR5) antagonists that prevent the entry of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) into host CD4+ T cells by blocking the CCR5 co-receptor R5. Maraviroc is currently the only CC5R co-receptor inhibitor that has been approved for clinical use in HIV-1-infected patients carrying the CCR5 tropism who are antiretroviral-naïve or have experienced therapeutic failure following traditional antiretroviral therapies. This article is a review of the main characteristics of maraviroc and the latest data regarding its clinical application. Maraviroc is effective and well tolerated in pre-treated and antiretroviral-naïve patients with HIV-1 infections carrying the CCR5 tropism. Data from the phase III programme of maraviroc, which includes the MOTIVATE 1 and 2 studies and the MERIT study, indicate that maraviroc significantly (p < 0.001) increases CD4+ cell counts compared with placebo in pre-treated patients and to a similar extent as efavirenz in antiretroviral-naïve patients. Even in cases where viral load is not completely suppressed, maraviroc improves immunological response compared with placebo. In addition, promising research suggests that maraviroc has favourable pharmacokinetic and safety profiles in patients with high cardiovascular risk or those co-infected with tuberculosis or hepatitis and could be considered an option for treatment of HIV-infected patients with these co-morbidities. Resistance to maraviroc is low and mainly related to the presence of chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4 (CXCR4) tropism HIV-1-infections or to mutations in the V3 region of glycoprotein (gp) 120; however, the exact mechanisms by which resistance is acquired and their genotypic and phenotypic pattern have not yet been established. It is recommended that a tropism test should be performed when considering maraviroc as an alternate drug in HIV-1-infected patients. Current tropism assays have increased sensitivity to reliably detect CXCR4 HIV with rapid turn-around and at a low cost. Improved detection together with positive data on the drug's efficacy and safety profiles should help physicians to identify more accurately the appropriate candidates for commencement of treatment with maraviroc. In summary, maraviroc improves immunological response and has shown favourable pharmacokinetic and safety profiles in patients with high cardiovascular risk or in those co-infected with tuberculosis or hepatitis. Long-term studies are needed to confirm whether therapeutic expectations resulting from clinical trials with maraviroc translate into a real benefit for HIV-1-infected patients for whom traditional antiretroviral therapies have failed or are not suitable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Parra
- Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ana Mariño
- Hospital Arquitecto Mancide, Ferrol, Spain
| | | | - José Moltó
- Hospital Germans Trials i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
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Lau FH, Deo RC, Mowrer G, Caplin J, Ahfeldt T, Kaplan A, Ptaszek L, Walker JD, Rosengard BR, Cowan CA. Pattern specification and immune response transcriptional signatures of pericardial and subcutaneous adipose tissue. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26092. [PMID: 22022522 PMCID: PMC3191160 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Recent studies suggest that pericardial adipose tissue (PCAT) secretes inflammatory factors that contribute to the development of CVD. To better characterize the role of PCAT in the pathogenesis of disease, we performed a large-scale unbiased analysis of the transcriptional differences between PCAT and subcutaneous adipose tissue, analysing 53 microarrays across 19 individuals. As it was unknown whether PCAT-secreted factors are produced by adipocytes or cells in the supporting stromal fraction, we also sought to identify differentially expressed genes in isolated pericardial adipocytes vs. isolated subcutaneous adipocytes. Using microarray analysis, we found that: 1) pericardial adipose tissue and isolated pericardial adipocytes both overexpress atherosclerosis-promoting chemokines and 2) pericardial and subcutaneous fat depots, as well as isolated pericardial adipocytes and subcutaneous adipocytes, express specific patterns of homeobox genes. In contrast, a core set of lipid processing genes showed no significant overlap with differentially expressed transcripts. These depot-specific homeobox signatures and transcriptional profiles strongly suggest different functional roles for the pericardial and subcutaneous adipose depots. Further characterization of these inter-depot differences should be a research priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank H. Lau
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Rahul C. Deo
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Gregory Mowrer
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Joshua Caplin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Tim Ahfeldt
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Adam Kaplan
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Leon Ptaszek
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jennifer D. Walker
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Bruce R. Rosengard
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Chad A. Cowan
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Rodríguez-Rodríguez L, González-Juanatey C, García-Bermúdez M, Vázquez-Rodríguez TR, Miranda-Filloy JA, Fernández-Gutiérrez B, Llorca J, Martin J, González-Gay MA. CCR5Δ32 variant and cardiovascular disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a cohort study. Arthritis Res Ther 2011; 13:R133. [PMID: 21846359 PMCID: PMC3239375 DOI: 10.1186/ar3444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Revised: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The aim of our study was to analyze the influence of the CCR5Δ32 polymorphism in the risk of cardiovascular (CV) events and subclinical atherosclerosis among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods A total of 645 patients fulfilling the American Rheumatism Association 1987 revised classification criteria for RA were studied. Patients were genotyped for the CCR5 rs333 polymorphism using predesigned TaqMan assays. Also, HLA DRB1 genotyping was performed using molecular-based methods. Carotid intima-media thickness, flow-mediated endothelium-dependent dilatation (FMD) and endothelium-independent vasodilatation, which were used as surrogate markers of subclinical atherosclerosis, were measured in a subgroup of patients with no clinical CV disease. Results A lower frequency of carriers of the CCR5Δ32 allele among patients with CV events (3.4% versus 11.3%, P = 0.025, odds ratio 0.28, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.06 to 0.89) was observed. However, after adjusting for gender, age at time of RA diagnosis, and the presence of shared epitope, rheumatoid factor and classic CV risk factors in the Cox regression analysis, this reduction of CV events in CCR5Δ32 allele carriers was slightly outside the range of significance (P = 0.097; hazard ratio 0.37 (95% CI 0.12 to 1.19)). Carriers of the CCR5Δ32 deletion also showed higher FMD values than the remaining patients (CCR5/CCR5Δ32 patients: 7.03% ± 6.61% versus CCR5/CCR5 patients: 5.51% ± 4.66%). This difference was statistically significant when analysis of covariance was performed (P = 0.024). Conclusions Our results show a potential influence of the CCR5Δ32 deletion on the risk of CV disease among patients with RA. This may be due to a protective effect of this allelic variant against the development of vascular endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López-Neyra, C.S.I.C., Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n Armilla, Granada E-18100, Spain
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Wang Y, Zhang W, Li S, Song W, Chen J, Hui R. Genetic variants of the monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 gene and its receptor CCR2 and risk of coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis. Atherosclerosis 2011; 219:224-30. [PMID: 21868018 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.07.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2011] [Revised: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 07/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and its receptor chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 2 (CCR2) are implicated in promoting atherosclerosis. Many studies have searched the association between variants of the MCP-1 gene or CCR2 gene and risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), but the results are inconsistent. METHODS We conducted a meta-analysis of 20 publications including 24 studies on 2 genetic variants [A-2518G in the MCP-1 and V64I in the CCR2] published before January 2011, including a total of 9844 patients with CAD and 11,821 controls. Publication bias and heterogeneity among studies were explored. RESULTS In a combined analysis, the pooled OR for CAD of the -2518G allele was 1.42 (95%CI: 1.06-1.92) compared to wild-type A allele under a recessive model in Caucasian group, but there is an indication of publication bias and heterogeneity among the 9 studies. When the analyses were restricted to 2 large studies (n≥500 cases), the pooled OR was 1.08 (95%CI: 0.85-1.37). Our analyses detected a possibility of publication bias with an overestimate of the true association by smaller studies. A meta-analysis of studies on the CCR2 V64I variant showed no significant association with CAD, the pooled OR of 64I was 1.27 (95%CI: 0.81-1.99) in recessive model and 1.06 (95%CI: 0.95-1.19) in dominant model, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that MCP-1-2518G allele had probably increased risk of CAD in Caucasian but this is likely to be due to publication bias and insufficient sample size. The CCR2 V64I has not been found any association with CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyao Wang
- Key Laboratory for Clinical Cardiovascular Genetics & Sino-German Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute & FuWai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Jones KL, Maguire JJ, Davenport AP. Chemokine receptor CCR5: from AIDS to atherosclerosis. Br J Pharmacol 2011; 162:1453-69. [PMID: 21133894 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.01147.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing recognition of an important contribution of chemokines and their receptors in the pathology of atherosclerosis and related cardiovascular disease. The chemokine receptor CCR5 was initially known for its role as a co-receptor for HIV infection of macrophages and is the target of the recently approved CCR5 antagonist maraviroc. However, evidence is now emerging supporting a role for CCR5 and its ligands CCL3 (MIP-1α), CCL4 (MIP-1β) and CCL5 (RANTES) in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. Specifically, the CCR5 deletion polymorphism CCR5delta32, which confers resistance to HIV infection, has been associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease and both CCR5 antagonism and gene deletion reduce atherosclerosis in mouse models of the disease. Antagonism of CCL5 has also been shown to reduce atherosclerotic burden in these animal models. Crucially, CCR5 and its ligands CCL3, CCL4 and CCL5 have been identified in human and mouse vasculature and have been detected in human atherosclerotic plaque. Not unexpectedly, CC chemokines have also been linked to saphenous vein graft disease, which shares similarity to native vessel atherosclerosis. Distinct roles for chemokine-receptor systems in atherogenesis have been proposed, with CCR5 likely to be critical in recruitment of monocytes to developing plaques. With an increased burden of cardiovascular disease observed in HIV-infected individuals, the potential cardiovascular-protective effects of drugs that target the CCR5 receptor warrant greater attention. The availability of clinically validated antagonists such as maraviroc currently provides an advantage for targeting of CCR5 over other chemokine receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Jones
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, University of Cambridge, Centre for Clinical Investigation, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
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Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a multifactorial disease with a strong genetic component. Since the first candidate gene studies were published 20 years ago, approximately 100 genetic association studies using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in biologically relevant genes have been reported on AAA. These studies investigated SNPs in genes of the extracellular matrix, the cardiovascular system, the immune system, and signaling pathways. Very few studies were large enough to draw firm conclusions and very few results could be replicated in another sample set. The more recent unbiased approaches are family-based DNA linkage studies and genome-wide genetic association studies, which have the potential of identifying the genetic basis for AAA, only when appropriately powered and well-characterized large AAA cohorts are used. SNPs associated with AAA have already been identified in these large multicenter studies. One significant association was of a variant in a gene called contactin-3, which is located on chromosome 3p12.3. However, two follow-up studies could not replicate this association. Two other SNPs, which are located on chromosome 9p21 and 9q33, were replicated in other samples. The two genes with the strongest supporting evidence of contribution to the genetic risk for AAA are the CDKN2BAS gene, also known as ANRIL, which encodes an antisense ribonucleic acid that regulates expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors CDKN2A and CDKN2B, and DAB2IP, which encodes an inhibitor of cell growth and survival. Functional studies are now needed to establish the mechanisms by which these genes contribute toward AAA pathogenesis.
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Zhao Q. Dual targeting of CCR2 and CCR5: therapeutic potential for immunologic and cardiovascular diseases. J Leukoc Biol 2010; 88:41-55. [PMID: 20360402 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1009671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A cardinal feature of inflammation is the tissue recruitment of leukocytes, a process that is mediated predominantly by chemokines via their receptors on migrating cells. CCR2 and CCR5, two CC chemokine receptors, are important players in the trafficking of monocytes/macrophages and in the functions of other cell types relevant to disease pathogenesis. This review provides a brief overview of the biological actions of CCR2 and CCR5 and a comprehensive summary of published data that demonstrate the involvement of both receptors in the pathogenesis of immunologic diseases (RA, CD, and transplant rejection) and cardiovascular diseases (atherosclerosis and AIH). In light of the potential for functional redundancy of chemokine receptors in mediating leukocyte trafficking and the consequent concern over insufficient efficacy offered by pharmacologically inhibiting one receptor, this review presents evidence supporting dual targeting of CCR2 and CCR5 as a more efficacious strategy than targeting either receptor alone. It also examines potential safety issues associated with such dual targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihong Zhao
- Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, USA.
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The role of RANTES as a crucial downstream cytokine in calcineurin-dependent VSMC apoptosis stimulated by INFγ and CD40L. Cell Biol Int 2010; 34:447-53. [DOI: 10.1042/cbi20090301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Karaali ZE, Sozen S, Yurdum M, Cacina C, Toptas B, Gok O, Agachan B. Effect of genetic variants of chemokine receptors on the development of myocardial infarction in Turkish population. Mol Biol Rep 2010; 37:3615-9. [PMID: 20182805 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-0011-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2009] [Accepted: 02/16/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is a crucial component of coronary atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction (MI). Chemokine receptors are important modulators of inflammation. Polymorphisms in genes coding for chemokine receptors, CCR2 and CCR5, have been studied as genetic markers of coronary artery disease. In the present study, we investigated whether genetic variants of CCR2-V64I and CCR5-delta32 chemokine receptors have any effect on the development of myocardial infarction. A total of 146 MI patients and 202 control subjects were genotyped for CCR2 and CCR5. CCR2-V64I genotypes were not significantly different between patients with MI and controls (P > 0.05). CCR5-delta32 genotype distribution in cases was significantly different from that of controls (P = 0.042). The CCR5-delta32 wt/deletion genotype frequencies for controls and cases were 0.10 and 0.19, respectively and individuals with CCR5-delta32 wt/deletion genotype had a 2.13-fold increased risk of myocardial infarction (P = 0.0013). Individuals carrying the CCR5-delta32 heterozygote or homozygous variant genotype (deletion/deletion + wt/deletion) had a 1.96-fold increased risk of myocardial infarction compared with the wild-type genotype (wt/wt) (p: 0.016). In conclusion, our data have suggested that genetic variant of CCR5 might be associated with the development of MI. Further larger sample size studies are required to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Ermis Karaali
- Department of Internal Medicine, Haseki Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Kovacic JC, Gupta R, Lee AC, Ma M, Fang F, Tolbert CN, Walts AD, Beltran LE, San H, Chen G, St Hilaire C, Boehm M. Stat3-dependent acute Rantes production in vascular smooth muscle cells modulates inflammation following arterial injury in mice. J Clin Invest 2009; 120:303-14. [PMID: 20038813 DOI: 10.1172/jci40364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2009] [Accepted: 10/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a key component of arterial injury, with VSMC proliferation and neointimal formation serving as the final outcomes of this process. However, the acute events transpiring immediately after arterial injury that establish the blueprint for this inflammatory program are largely unknown. We therefore studied these events in mice and found that immediately following arterial injury, medial VSMCs upregulated Rantes in an acute manner dependent on Stat3 and NF-kappaB (p65 subunit). This led to early T cell and macrophage recruitment, processes also under the regulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21Cip1. Unique to VSMCs, Rantes production was initiated by Tnf-alpha, but not by Il-6/gp130. This Rantes production was dependent on the binding of a p65/Stat3 complex to NF-kappaB-binding sites within the Rantes promoter, with shRNA knockdown of either Stat3 or p65 markedly attenuating Rantes production. In vivo, acute NF-kappaB and Stat3 activation in medial VSMCs was identified, with acute Rantes production after injury substantially reduced in Tnfa-/- mice compared with controls. Finally, we generated mice with SMC-specific conditional Stat3 deficiency and confirmed the Stat3 dependence of acute Rantes production by VSMCs. Together, these observations unify inflammatory events after vascular injury, demonstrating that VSMCs orchestrate the arterial inflammatory response program via acute Rantes production and subsequent inflammatory cell recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason C Kovacic
- Translational Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute/NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Kostulas N, Nikolaos K, Markaki I, Ioanna M, Kostulas V, Vasilios K, Hillert J, Jan H, Kostulas K, Konstantinos K. Common CCR 5 polymorphism in stroke: the CCR 5 delta32 polymorphism differentiates cardioembolism from other aetiologies of ischaemic cerebrovascular diseases. Scand J Immunol 2009; 70:475-80. [PMID: 19874552 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2009.02323.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is involved in the development of atherosclerosis. The CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) initiates chemotaxis and modulates the inflammation secondary to atherosclerosis and related vascular diseases. The CCR5 Delta32 polymorphism influences the expression of CCR5 on the cell surface. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the Delta32 polymorphism in ischaemic cerebrovascular disease (ICVD). The CCR5 Delta32 polymorphism was genotyped in 1462 individuals: 562 ischaemic stroke (IS), 97 transient ischaemic attack (TIA) and in 803 healthy controls. All 659 ICVD patients were categorized according to the Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment aetiological classification. The investigated subtypes were large artery atherosclerosis (LAA), cardioembolism (CE), small artery occlusion (SAO) and cryptogenic disease (CRYPT). Genotyping was performed with the TaqMan polymerase chain reaction. The Delta32 allele was less frequent in CE patients compared with LAA (OR, 0.4; 95% CI, 0.24-0.79; P = 0.008), SAO (OR, 0.5; 95% CI, 0.29-0.84; P = 0.01), CRYPT (OR, 0.5; 95% CI, 0.28-0.82; P = 0.008) and controls (OR, 0.5; 95% CI, 0.36-0.82; P = 0.002). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the Delta32 allele is associated with a lower risk for cardioembolic ICVD (OR 0.5; 95% CI, 0.28-0.75; P = 0.002) when compared with ICVD of other causes. The Delta32 polymorphism of CCR5 may differentiate cardioembolism from the remaining causes of ICVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kostulas
- Department of Neurology, Neuro-Angiological Research Center, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden.
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Robitaille G, Christin MS, Clément I, Senécal JL, Raymond Y. Nuclear autoantigen CENP-B transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor via chemokine receptor 3 in vascular smooth muscle cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 60:2805-16. [PMID: 19714638 DOI: 10.1002/art.24765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We have previously found that the CENP-B nuclear autoantigen, which is specifically targeted by autoantibodies in the limited cutaneous form of systemic sclerosis, behaved as a potent migratory factor for human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs). Other recent studies have shown that several disease-associated autoantigens induced cell migration by interacting with various chemokine receptors. Prompted by this hypothesis, we undertook this study to determine whether CENP-B interacts with chemokine receptors on the surface of human PASMCs, to explore the relevant signaling pathways, and to characterize the effects of anti-CENP-B binding on SMC stimulation. METHODS To demonstrate the expression of specific chemokine receptors by human PASMCs at both the messenger RNA and protein levels, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, immunoblotting, and flow cytometry analyses were performed. Desensitization studies and specific inhibitors were used to further identify the CENP-B target on the surface of human PASMCs. RESULTS Our data strongly suggested that CENP-B used chemokine receptor 3 (CCR3) to mediate human PASMCs signaling. Moreover, several lines of evidence indicated that CENP-B binding subsequently stimulated the cross-talk between CCR3 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) via a matrix metalloprotease-dependent mechanism that involved the processing of heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor. Transactivation of the EGFR through CCR3 was found to be a critical pathway that elicits MAP kinase activation and secretion of cytokines such as interleukin-8. Finally, anti-CENP-B autoantibodies were found to abolish this signaling pathway, thus preventing CENP-B from transactivating EGFR and exerting its cytokine-like activities toward vascular smooth muscle cells. CONCLUSION The identification of CENP-B as a CCR3 ligand opens up new perspectives for the study of the pathogenic role of anti-CENP-B autoantibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geneviève Robitaille
- Notre-Dame Hospital, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, and Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Association of HIV viral load with monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and atherosclerosis burden measured by magnetic resonance imaging. AIDS 2009; 23:941-9. [PMID: 19318907 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0b013e328329c76b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV-infected individuals may be at increased risk for atherosclerosis. Although this is partially attributable to metabolic factors, HIV-associated inflammation may play a role. OBJECTIVE To investigate associations of HIV disease with serum monocyte chemoattractant protein-1/chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (MCP-1/CCL2) levels and atherosclerosis burden. DESIGN A cross-sectional analysis. METHODS : Serum MCP-1/CCL2, fasting lipids, and glucose tolerance were measured in 98 HIV-infected and 79 demographically similar uninfected adults. Eighty-four participants had MRI of the carotid arteries and thoracic aorta to measure atherosclerosis burden. Multivariate analyses were performed using linear regression. RESULTS Mean MCP-1/CCL2 levels did not differ between HIV-infected and uninfected participants (P = 0.65). Among HIV-infected participants, after adjusting for age, BMI, and cigarette smoking, HIV-1 viral load was positively associated with MCP-1/CCL2 (P = 0.02). Multivariate analyses adjusting for sex, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol:high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, cigarette smoking, MCP-1/CCL2, and protease inhibitor use found that HIV infection was associated with greater mean thoracic aorta vessel wall area (VWA, P < 0.01) and vessel wall thickness (VWT, P = 0.03), but not with carotid artery parameters. Compared with being uninfected, having detectable HIV-1 viremia was associated with greater mean thoracic aorta VWA (P < 0.01) and VWT (P = 0.03), whereas being HIV-infected with undetectable viral load was associated with greater thoracic aorta VWA (P = 0.02) but not VWT (P = 0.15). There was an independent positive association of MCP-1/CCL2 with thoracic aorta VWA (P = 0.01) and VWT (P = 0.01). CONCLUSION HIV-1 viral burden is associated with higher serum levels of MCP-1/CCL2 and with atherosclerosis burden, as assessed by thoracic aorta VWA and VWT.
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Muntinghe FLH, Verduijn M, Zuurman MW, Grootendorst DC, Carrero JJ, Qureshi AR, Luttropp K, Nordfors L, Lindholm B, Brandenburg V, Schalling M, Stenvinkel P, Boeschoten EW, Krediet RT, Navis G, Dekker FW. CCR5 deletion protects against inflammation-associated mortality in dialysis patients. J Am Soc Nephrol 2009; 20:1641-9. [PMID: 19389855 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2008040432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The CC-chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) is a receptor for various proinflammatory chemokines, and a deletion variant of the CCR5 gene (CCR5 Delta 32) leads to deficiency of the receptor. We hypothesized that CCR5 Delta 32 modulates inflammation-driven mortality in patients with ESRD. We studied the interaction between CCR5 genotype and levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) in 603 incident dialysis patients from the multicenter, prospective NEtherlands COoperative Study on the Adequacy of Dialysis (NECOSAD) cohort. CCR5 genotype and hsCRP levels were both available for 413 patients. During 5 yr of follow-up, 170 patients died; 87 from cardiovascular causes. Compared with the reference group of patients who had the wild-type CCR5 genotype and hsCRP <or= 10 mg/L (n = 225), those carrying the deletion allele with hsCRP <or= 10 mg/L (n = 55) had similar mortality, and those carrying the wild-type genotype with hsCRP > 10 mg/L (n = 108) had an increased risk for mortality (HR: 1.82; 95% CI: 1.29 to 2.58). However, those carrying the deletion allele with hsCRP > 10 mg/L (n = 25) had a mortality rate similar to the reference group; this seemingly protective effect of the CCR5 deletion was even more pronounced for cardiovascular mortality. We replicated these findings in an independent Swedish cohort of 302 ESRD patients. In conclusion, the CCR5 Delta 32 polymorphism attenuates the adverse effects of inflammation on overall and cardiovascular mortality in ESRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friso L H Muntinghe
- University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanzeplein 1, PO Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Tatara Y, Ohishi M, Yamamoto K, Shiota A, Hayashi N, Iwamoto Y, Takeda M, Takagi T, Katsuya T, Ogihara T, Rakugi H. Macrophage inflammatory protein-1beta induced cell adhesion with increased intracellular reactive oxygen species. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2009; 47:104-11. [PMID: 19328808 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2009.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2008] [Revised: 03/10/2009] [Accepted: 03/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED To investigate the role of macrophage inflammatory protein-1 beta (MIP-1beta) in the development of atherosclerosis, we designed an in vitro study to elucidate the mechanisms of monocyte-endothelium adhesion via intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Angiotensin II (AngII) was used as a positive control. Furthermore, we examined the efficacy of MIP-1beta as a predictor of stroke and cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients. MIP-1beta or AngII stimulation significantly increased ROS production and adhesion of THP-1 cells to inflamed human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Cell adhesion and ROS production were inhibited in stimulated THP-1 cells by: inhibition of ROS signaling with N-acetylcysteine, diphenyleneiodonium, or PEG-Catalase; inhibition of PI3Kgamma with siRNA or LY294002; and by Rac1 siRNA. The MIP-1 beta or AngII stimulation did not increase surface expression of integrins, very late antigen 4 (VLA-4) and lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1), but cell adhesion was reduced by using an antiVLA-4 or an antiLFA-1 antibody. Moreover, cell adhesion and ROS production stimulated with MIP-1beta or AngII were completely inhibited by fluvastatin. In our clinical study, patients with the highest quartile of MIP-1beta showed a higher risk of stroke and cardiovascular events by a Cox proportional-hazards model. In conclusion, MIP-1beta directly induced cell adhesion to endothelial cells through oxidative stress via PI3k-Rac1 cascades. Serum MIP-1beta level might be a useful predictor for cerebro-cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients. CONDENSED ABSTRACT We designed an in vitro investigation to examine the role of MIP-1beta on the development of atherosclerosis, including cell adhesion involving CAMs and ROS production, compared with angiotensin II. Furthermore, we investigated the prognostic impact of MIP-1beta on stroke and cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients in a small cohort study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Tatara
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Japan
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Mitchell RN. Graft Vascular Disease: Immune Response Meets the Vessel Wall. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY-MECHANISMS OF DISEASE 2009; 4:19-47. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev.pathol.3.121806.151449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard N. Mitchell
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School Health Sciences and Technology, Boston, Massachusetts 02115;
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Pacheco-Rodriguez G, Kumaki F, Steagall WK, Zhang Y, Ikeda Y, Lin JP, Billings EM, Moss J. Chemokine-enhanced chemotaxis of lymphangioleiomyomatosis cells with mutations in the tumor suppressor TSC2 gene. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2009; 182:1270-7. [PMID: 19155472 PMCID: PMC2947111 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.182.3.1270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is characterized by cystic lung destruction caused by LAM cells (smooth-muscle-like cells) that have mutations in the tumor suppressor genes tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) 1 or 2 and have the capacity to metastasize. Since chemokines and their receptors function in chemotaxis of metastatic cells, we hypothesized that LAM cells may be recruited by chemokine(s) in the lung. Quantification of 25 chemokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from LAM patients and healthy volunteers revealed that concentrations of CCL2, CXCL1, and CXCL5 were significantly higher in samples from LAM patients than those from healthy volunteers. In vitro, CCL2 or MCP-1 induced selective migration of cells, showing loss of heterozygosity of TSC2 from a heterogeneous population of cells grown from explanted LAM lungs. Additionally, the frequencies of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the CCL2 gene promoter region differed significantly in LAM patients and healthy volunteers (p = 0.018), and one polymorphism was associated significantly more frequently with the decline of lung function. The presence (i.e., potential functionality) of chemokine receptors was evaluated using immunohistochemistry in lung sections from 30 LAM patients. Expression of chemokines and these receptors varied among LAM patients and differed from that seen in some cancers (e.g., breast cancer and melanoma cells). These observations are consistent with the notion that chemokines such as CCL2 may serve to determine mobility and specify the site of metastasis of the LAM cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Pacheco-Rodriguez
- Translational Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Fumiyuki Kumaki
- Translational Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Wendy K. Steagall
- Translational Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Yi Zhang
- Translational Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Yoshihiko Ikeda
- Translational Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Jing-Ping Lin
- Office of Biostatistics Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Eric M. Billings
- Integrative Computational Biology Laboratory, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Joel Moss
- Translational Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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Tian Y, Lee MM, Yung LY, Allen RA, Slocombe PM, Twomey BM, Wong YH. Differential involvement of Gα16 in CC chemokine-induced stimulation of phospholipase Cβ, ERK, and chemotaxis. Cell Signal 2008; 20:1179-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2008.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2007] [Revised: 02/05/2008] [Accepted: 02/13/2008] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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49
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Hagemeijer MC, van Oosterhout MFM, van Wichen DF, van Kuik J, Siera-de Koning E, Gmelig Meyling FHJ, Schipper MEI, de Jonge N, de Weger RA. T cells in cardiac allograft vasculopathy are skewed to memory Th-1 cells in the presence of a distinct Th-2 population. Am J Transplant 2008; 8:1040-50. [PMID: 18416740 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2008.02198.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) in heart transplantation (HTx) patients remains the major complication for long-term survival, due to concentric neointima hyperplasia induced by infiltrating mononuclear cells (MNC). Previously, we showed that activated memory T-helper-1 (Th-1) cells are the major component of infiltrating MNC in coronary arteries with CAV. In this study, a more detailed characterization of the MNC in human coronary arteries with CAV (n = 5) was performed and compared to coronary arteries without CAV (n = 5), by investigating MNC markers (CD1a, DRC-1, CD3, CD20, CD27, CD28, CD56, CD68, CD69, FOXP3 and HLA-DR), cytokines (IL-1A, 2, 4, 10, 12B, IFN-gamma, and TGF-beta1), and chemokine receptors (CCR3, CCR4, CCR5, CCR7, CCR8, CXCR3 and CX3CR1) by immunohistochemical double-labeling and quantitative PCR on mRNA isolated from laser microdissected layers of coronary arteries. T cells in the neointima and adventitia of CAV were skewed toward an activated memory Th-1 phenotype, but in the presence of a distinct Th-2 population. FOXP3 positive T cells were not detected and production of most cytokines was low or absent, except for IFN-gamma, and TGF-beta. This typical composition of T-helper cells and especially production of IFN-gamma and TGF-beta may play an important role in the proliferative CAV reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Hagemeijer
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Eugenin EA, Morgello S, Klotman ME, Mosoian A, Lento PA, Berman JW, Schecter AD. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infects human arterial smooth muscle cells in vivo and in vitro: implications for the pathogenesis of HIV-mediated vascular disease. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2008; 172:1100-11. [PMID: 18310503 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2008.070457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with accelerated atherosclerosis and vasculopathy, although the mechanisms underlying these findings have not been determined. Hypotheses for these observations include: 1) an increase in the prevalence of established cardiac risk factors observed in HIV-infected individuals who are currently experiencing longer life expectancies; 2) the dyslipidemia reported with certain HIV anti-retroviral therapies; and/or 3) the proinflammatory effects of infiltrating HIV-infected monocytes/macrophages. An unexplored possibility is whether HIV itself can infect vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and, by doing so, whether SMCs can accelerate vascular disease. Our studies demonstrate that human SMCs can be infected with HIV both in vivo and in vitro. The HIV protein p24 was detected by fluorescence confocal microscopy in SMCs from tissue sections of human atherosclerotic plaques obtained from HIV-infected individuals. Human SMCs could also be infected in vitro with HIV by a mechanism dependent on CD4, the chemokine receptors CXCR4 or CCR5, and endocytosis, resulting in a marked increase in SMC secretion of the chemokine CCL2/MCP-1, which has been previously shown to be a critical mediator of atherosclerosis. In addition, SMC proliferation appeared concentric to the vessel lumen, and minimal inflammation was detected, unlike typical atherosclerosis. Our data suggest that direct infection of human arterial SMCs by HIV represents a potential mechanism in a multifactorial paradigm to explain the exacerbated atherosclerosis and vasculopathy reported in individuals infected with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliseo A Eugenin
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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