1
|
Wu N, Lin Q, Shao F, Chen L, Zhang H, Chen K, Wu J, Wang G, Wang H, Yang Q. Insect cuticle-inspired design of sustainably sourced composite bioplastics with enhanced strength, toughness and stretch-strengthening behavior. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 333:121970. [PMID: 38494224 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.121970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Insect cuticles that are mainly made of chitin, chitosan and proteins provide insects with rigid, stretchable and robust skins to defend harsh external environment. The insect cuticle therefore provides inspiration for engineering biomaterials with outstanding mechanical properties but also sustainability and biocompatibility. We herein propose a design of high-performance and sustainable bioplastics via introducing CPAP3-A1, a major structural protein in insect cuticles, to specifically bind to chitosan. Simply mixing 10w/w% bioengineered CPAP3-A1 protein with chitosan enables the formation of plastics-like, sustainably sourced chitosan/CPAP3-A1 composites with significantly enhanced strength (∼90 MPa) and toughness (∼20 MJ m -3), outperforming previous chitosan-based composites and most synthetic petroleum-based plastics. Remarkably, these bioplastics exhibit a stretch-strengthening behavior similar to the training living muscles. Mechanistic investigation reveals that the introduction of CPAP3-A1 induce chitosan chains to assemble into a more coarsened fibrous network with increased crystallinity and reinforcement effect, but also enable energy dissipation via reversible chitosan-protein interactions. Further uniaxial stretch facilitates network re-orientation and increases chitosan crystallinity and mechanical anisotropy, thereby resulting in stretch-strengthening behavior. In general, this study provides an insect-cuticle inspired design of high-performance bioplastics that may serve as sustainable and bio-friendly materials for a wide range of engineering and biomedical application potentials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wu
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Qiaoxia Lin
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Fei Shao
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Haoyue Zhang
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Kaiwen Chen
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Jinrong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Guirong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Huanan Wang
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China.
| | - Qing Yang
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China; State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sun X, Ye Y, Sakurai N, Wang H, Kato K, Yu J, Yuasa K, Tsuji A, Yao M. Structural basis of EHEP-mediated offense against phlorotannin-induced defense from brown algae to protect akuBGL activity. eLife 2023; 12:RP88939. [PMID: 37910430 PMCID: PMC10619976 DOI: 10.7554/elife.88939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The defensive-offensive associations between algae and herbivores determine marine ecology. Brown algae utilize phlorotannin as their chemical defense against the predator Aplysia kurodai, which uses β-glucosidase (akuBGL) to digest the laminarin in algae into glucose. Moreover, A. kurodai employs Eisenia hydrolysis-enhancing protein (EHEP) as an offense to protect akuBGL activity from phlorotannin inhibition by precipitating phlorotannin. To underpin the molecular mechanism of this digestive-defensive-offensive system, we determined the structures of the apo and tannic acid (TNA, a phlorotannin analog) bound forms of EHEP, as well as the apo akuBGL. EHEP consisted of three peritrophin-A domains arranged in a triangular shape and bound TNA in the center without significant conformational changes. Structural comparison between EHEP and EHEP-TNA led us to find that EHEP can be resolubilized from phlorotannin precipitation at an alkaline pH, which reflects a requirement in the digestive tract. akuBGL contained two GH1 domains, only one of which conserved the active site. Combining docking analysis, we propose the mechanisms by which phlorotannin inhibits akuBGL by occupying the substrate-binding pocket, and EHEP protects akuBGL against this inhibition by binding with phlorotannin to free the akuBGL pocket.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Sun
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Yuxin Ye
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Naofumi Sakurai
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Hang Wang
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Koji Kato
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Jian Yu
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Keizo Yuasa
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
| | - Akihiko Tsuji
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan
| | - Min Yao
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu Q, Dong C. Dual Transcriptomics Reveals Interspecific Interactions between the Mycoparasite Calcarisporium cordycipiticola and Its Host Cordyceps militaris. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0480022. [PMID: 36946736 PMCID: PMC10100745 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04800-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcarisporium cordycipiticola is a mycoparasite of the edible fungus Cordyceps militaris, and mycoparasitism causes devastating diseases of mushrooms. In this study, dual-transcriptomic analysis was performed to reveal interspecific interactions between the mycoparasite C. cordycipiticola and its host C. militaris. At 4 and 8 days postinfection (dpi), 2,959 and 2,077 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of C. cordycipiticola and 914 and 1,548 DEGs of C. militaris were identified compared with the mycelial stage, respectively, indicating that C. cordycipiticola responded more quickly than C. militaris. Lectins of the pathogen may play a role in the recognition of fungal prey. Both Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses showed that primary metabolism was vigorous for the pathogen to colonize the host and that the pathogen's attack substantially altered C. militaris' primary metabolism. C. cordycipiticola upregulated some carbohydrate-active enzyme (CAZyme) genes, including CBM18, GH18, GH16, and GH76, for degrading the host cell wall and defending against host immunity. C. militaris produced excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) to respond to the infection. The GO term "heme binding" was the only shared term enriched at both stages at 4 and 8 dpi, indicating that iron was important for both the pathogen and the host. The uptake of iron by pathogens through multiple pathways promoted colonization and removed high ROS levels produced by the host. The transcription levels of Cmhsp78, Cmhsp70, and Cmhyd1 in C. militaris responded quickly, and these genes have potential as candidates for the breeding of resistant varieties. This study provides clues for understanding the interactions between a mycoparasite and its mushroom host and will be helpful for the breeding of resistant varieties and disease prevention and control for this edible fungus. IMPORTANCE White mildew disease caused by Calcarisporium cordycipiticola is devastating for the fruiting body cultivation of Cordyceps militaris, a popular and highly valued edible fungus. Here, the pathogenic mechanisms of C. cordycipiticola, the responses of C. militaris to the infection, and the interaction of these two phylogenetically close species were revealed by time course dual-transcriptome profiles. In general, the host C. militaris responds more slowly than the pathogen C. cordycipiticola. For the first time, we found that iron was important for both the mycoparasite and the host. C. cordycipiticola takes up iron by multiple pathways to promote colonization and remove high ROS levels produced by the host. The rapidly responding genes Cmhsp70, Cmhsp78, and Cmhyd1 in C. militaris may have the potential as candidate genes for the breeding of resistant varieties. This study expands our understanding of the mycoparasitic interactions of two species from sister families and will be helpful for the breeding of and disease prevention and control in mushrooms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Caihong Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Biomolecules of the Horseshoe Crab’s Hemolymph: Components of an Ancient Defensive Mechanism and Its Impact on the Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Industry. Cell Microbiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/3381162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Without adaptive immunity, invertebrates have evolved innate immune systems that react to antigens on the surfaces of pathogens. These defense mechanisms are included in horseshoe crab hemocytes’ cellular responses to pathogens. Secretory granules, large (L) and small (S), are found on hemocytes. Once the invasion of pathogens is present, these granules release their contents through exocytosis. Recent data in biochemistry and immunology on the granular constituents of granule-specific proteins are stored in large and small granules which are involved in the cell-mediated immune response. L-granules contain most clotting proteins, which are necessary for hemolymph coagulation. They also include tachylectins; protease inhibitors, such as cystatin and serpins; and anti-lipopolysaccharide (LPS) factors, which bind to LPS and agglutinate bacteria. Big defensin, tachycitin, tachystatin, and tachyplesins are some of the essential cysteine-rich proteins in S-granules. These granules also contain tachycitin and tachystatins, which can agglutinate bacteria. These proteins in granules and hemolymph act synergistically to fight infections. These biomolecules are antimicrobial and antibacterial, enabling them to be drug resistant. This review is aimed at explaining the biomolecules identified in the horseshoe crab’s hemolymph and their application scopes in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology sectors.
Collapse
|
5
|
Kawabata SI, Shibata T. New insights into the hemolymph coagulation cascade of horseshoe crabs initiated by autocatalytic activation of a lipopolysaccharide-sensitive zymogen. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 135:104491. [PMID: 35850280 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The concept of a chain reaction of proteolytic activation of multiple protease zymogens was first proposed to explain the blood clotting system in mammals as an enzyme cascade. In multicellular organisms, similar enzyme cascades are widely present in signal transduction and amplification systems. The initiation step of the blood coagulation cascade often consists of autocatalytic activation of the corresponding zymogens located on the surfaces of host- or foreign-derived substances at injured sites. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the concept of autocatalytic activation remains speculative. In this review, we will focus on the autocatalytic activation of prochelicerase C on the surface of lipopolysaccharide as a potential initiator of hemolymph coagulation in horseshoe crabs. Prochelicerase C is presumed to have evolved from a common complement factor in Chelicerata; thus, evolutionary insights into the hemolymph coagulation and complement systems in horseshoe crabs will also be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Ichiro Kawabata
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Toshio Shibata
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Saucedo-Vázquez JP, Gushque F, Vispo NS, Rodriguez J, Gudiño-Gomezjurado ME, Albericio F, Tellkamp MP, Alexis F. Marine Arthropods as a Source of Antimicrobial Peptides. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:501. [PMID: 36005504 PMCID: PMC9409781 DOI: 10.3390/md20080501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptide therapeutics play a key role in the development of new medical treatments. The traditional focus on endogenous peptides has shifted from first discovering other natural sources of these molecules, to later synthesizing those with unique bioactivities. This review provides concise information concerning antimicrobial peptides derived from marine crustaceans for the development of new therapeutics. Marine arthropods do not have an adaptive immune system, and therefore, they depend on the innate immune system to eliminate pathogens. In this context, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) with unique characteristics are a pivotal part of the defense systems of these organisms. This review covers topics such as the diversity and distribution of peptides in marine arthropods (crustacea and chelicerata), with a focus on penaeid shrimps. The following aspects are covered: the defense system; classes of AMPs; molecular characteristics of AMPs; AMP synthesis; the role of penaeidins, anti-lipopolysaccharide factors, crustins, and stylicins against microorganisms; and the use of AMPs as therapeutic drugs. This review seeks to provide a useful compilation of the most recent information regarding AMPs from marine crustaceans, and describes the future potential applications of these molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo Saucedo-Vázquez
- CATS Research Group, School of Chemical Sciences & Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Hda. San José s/n y Proyecto Yachay, Urcuquí 100119, Ecuador;
| | - Fernando Gushque
- School of Biological Sciences & Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Hda. San José s/n y Proyecto Yachay, Urcuquí 100119, Ecuador; (F.G.); (N.S.V.)
| | - Nelson Santiago Vispo
- School of Biological Sciences & Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Hda. San José s/n y Proyecto Yachay, Urcuquí 100119, Ecuador; (F.G.); (N.S.V.)
| | - Jenny Rodriguez
- Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral (ESPOL), Centro Nacional de Acuicultura e Investigaciones Marinas (CENAIM), Campus Gustavo Galindo Km 30.5 Vía Perimetral, Guayaquil 090211, Ecuador;
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida (FCV), Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Guayaquil 090708, Ecuador
| | - Marco Esteban Gudiño-Gomezjurado
- School of Biological Sciences & Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Hda. San José s/n y Proyecto Yachay, Urcuquí 100119, Ecuador; (F.G.); (N.S.V.)
| | - Fernando Albericio
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa;
- Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Markus P. Tellkamp
- School of Biological Sciences & Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Hda. San José s/n y Proyecto Yachay, Urcuquí 100119, Ecuador; (F.G.); (N.S.V.)
| | - Frank Alexis
- Politecnico, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito 170901, Ecuador
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Moriyama M, Hayashi T, Fukatsu T. A mucin protein predominantly expressed in the female-specific symbiotic organ of the stinkbug Plautia stali. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7782. [PMID: 35546182 PMCID: PMC9095716 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11895-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Diverse insects are obligatorily associated with microbial symbionts, wherein the host often develops special symbiotic organs and vertically transmits the symbiont to the next generation. What molecular factors underpin the host-symbiont relationship is of great interest but poorly understood. Here we report a novel protein preferentially produced in a female-specific symbiotic organ of the stinkbug Plautia stali, whose posterior midgut develops numerous crypts to host a Pantoea-allied bacterial mutualist. In adult females, several posteriormost crypts are conspicuously enlarged, presumably specialized for vertical symbiont transmission. We detected conspicuous protein bands specific to the female’s swollen crypts by gel electrophoresis, and identified them as representing a novel mucin-like glycoprotein. Histological inspections confirmed that the mucin protein is localized to the female’s swollen crypts, coexisting with a substantial population of the symbiotic bacteria, and excreted from the swollen crypts to the midgut main tract together with the symbiotic bacteria. Using RNA interference, we successfully suppressed production of the mucin protein in adult females of P. stali. However, although the mucin protein was depleted, the symbiont population persisted in the swollen crypts, and vertical symbiont transmission to the next generation occurred. Possible biological roles and evolutionary trajectory of the symbiosis-related mucin protein are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Moriyama
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, 305-8566, Japan.
| | - Toshinari Hayashi
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, 305-8566, Japan.,Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Takema Fukatsu
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, 305-8566, Japan. .,Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan. .,Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8572, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
First Insights into the Repertoire of Secretory Lectins in Rotifers. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20020130. [PMID: 35200659 PMCID: PMC8878817 DOI: 10.3390/md20020130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their high biodiversity and adaptation to a mutable and challenging environment, aquatic lophotrochozoan animals are regarded as a virtually unlimited source of bioactive molecules. Among these, lectins, i.e., proteins with remarkable carbohydrate-recognition properties involved in immunity, reproduction, self/nonself recognition and several other biological processes, are particularly attractive targets for biotechnological research. To date, lectin research in the Lophotrochozoa has been restricted to the most widespread phyla, which are the usual targets of comparative immunology studies, such as Mollusca and Annelida. Here we provide the first overview of the repertoire of the secretory lectin-like molecules encoded by the genomes of six target rotifer species: Brachionus calyciflorus, Brachionus plicatilis, Proales similis (class Monogononta), Adineta ricciae, Didymodactylos carnosus and Rotaria sordida (class Bdelloidea). Overall, while rotifer secretory lectins display a high molecular diversity and belong to nine different structural classes, their total number is significantly lower than for other groups of lophotrochozoans, with no evidence of lineage-specific expansion events. Considering the high evolutionary divergence between rotifers and the other major sister phyla, their widespread distribution in aquatic environments and the ease of their collection and rearing in laboratory conditions, these organisms may represent interesting targets for glycobiological studies, which may allow the identification of novel carbohydrate-binding proteins with peculiar biological properties.
Collapse
|
9
|
Gomes Von Borowski R, Chat S, Schneider R, Nonin-Lecomte S, Bouaziz S, Giudice E, Rigon Zimmer A, Baggio Gnoatto SC, Macedo AJ, Gillet R. Capsicumicine, a New Bioinspired Peptide from Red Peppers Prevents Staphylococcal Biofilm In Vitro and In Vivo via a Matrix Anti-Assembly Mechanism of Action. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0047121. [PMID: 34704807 PMCID: PMC8549733 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00471-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococci are pathogenic biofilm-forming bacteria and a source of multidrug resistance and/or tolerance causing a broad spectrum of infections. These bacteria are enclosed in a matrix that allows them to colonize medical devices, such as catheters and tissues, and that protects against antibiotics and immune systems. Advances in antibiofilm strategies for targeting this matrix are therefore extremely relevant. Here, we describe the development of the Capsicum pepper bioinspired peptide "capsicumicine." By using microbiological, microscopic, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) approaches, we demonstrate that capsicumicine strongly prevents methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm via an extracellular "matrix anti-assembly" mechanism of action. The results were confirmed in vivo in a translational preclinical model that mimics medical device-related infection. Since capsicumicine is not cytotoxic, it is a promising candidate for complementary treatment of infectious diseases. IMPORTANCE Pathogenic biofilms are a global health care concern, as they can cause extensive antibiotic resistance, morbidity, mortality, and thereby substantial economic loss. So far, no effective treatments targeting the bacteria in biofilms have been developed. Plants are constantly attacked by a wide range of pathogens and have protective factors, such as peptides, to defend themselves. These peptides are common components in Capsicum baccatum (red pepper). Here, we provide insights into an antibiofilm strategy based on the development of capsicumicine, a natural peptide that strongly controls biofilm formation by Staphylococcus epidermidis, the most prevalent pathogen in device-related infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Gomes Von Borowski
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, Institut de Génétique et de Développement de Rennes (IGDR), UMR6290, Rennes, France
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Sophie Chat
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, Institut de Génétique et de Développement de Rennes (IGDR), UMR6290, Rennes, France
| | - Rafael Schneider
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, Institut de Génétique et de Développement de Rennes (IGDR), UMR6290, Rennes, France
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Sylvie Nonin-Lecomte
- Université de Paris, CNRS, CiTCoM (Cibles Thérapeutiques et Conception de Médicaments) UMR 8038, Faculté de Pharmacie, Paris, France
| | - Serge Bouaziz
- Université de Paris, CNRS, CiTCoM (Cibles Thérapeutiques et Conception de Médicaments) UMR 8038, Faculté de Pharmacie, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Giudice
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, Institut de Génétique et de Développement de Rennes (IGDR), UMR6290, Rennes, France
| | - Aline Rigon Zimmer
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Simone Cristina Baggio Gnoatto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Alexandre José Macedo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Centro de Biotecnologia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Reynald Gillet
- Université de Rennes, CNRS, Institut de Génétique et de Développement de Rennes (IGDR), UMR6290, Rennes, France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sabbadin F, Urresti S, Henrissat B, Avrova AO, Welsh LRJ, Lindley PJ, Csukai M, Squires JN, Walton PH, Davies GJ, Bruce NC, Whisson SC, McQueen-Mason SJ. Secreted pectin monooxygenases drive plant infection by pathogenic oomycetes. Science 2021; 373:774-779. [PMID: 34385392 DOI: 10.1126/science.abj1342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The oomycete Phytophthora infestans is a damaging crop pathogen and a model organism to study plant-pathogen interactions. We report the discovery of a family of copper-dependent lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) in plant pathogenic oomycetes and its role in plant infection by P. infestans We show that LPMO-encoding genes are up-regulated early during infection and that the secreted enzymes oxidatively cleave the backbone of pectin, a charged polysaccharide in the plant cell wall. The crystal structure of the most abundant of these LPMOs sheds light on its ability to recognize and degrade pectin, and silencing the encoding gene in P. infestans inhibits infection of potato, indicating a role in host penetration. The identification of LPMOs as virulence factors in pathogenic oomycetes opens up opportunities in crop protection and food security.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federico Sabbadin
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - Saioa Urresti
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Bernard Henrissat
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques (AFMB), UMR 7257 CNRS, Université Aix-Marseille, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille, France.,INRA, USC 1408 AFMB, 13288 Marseille, France.,Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anna O Avrova
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Lydia R J Welsh
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Peter J Lindley
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Michael Csukai
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire RG42 6EY, UK
| | - Julie N Squires
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Paul H Walton
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Gideon J Davies
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Neil C Bruce
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Stephen C Whisson
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Simon J McQueen-Mason
- Centre for Novel Agricultural Products, Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Montroni D, Sparla F, Fermani S, Falini G. Influence of proteins on mechanical properties of a natural chitin-protein composite. Acta Biomater 2021; 120:81-90. [PMID: 32439612 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In many biogenic materials, chitin chains are assembled in fibrils that are wrapped by a protein fold. In them, the mechanical properties are supposed to be related to intra- and inter- interactions among chitin and proteins. This hypothesis has been poorly investigated. Here, this research theme is studied using the pen of Loligo vulgaris as a model material of chitin-protein composites. Chemical treatments were used to change the interactions involving only the proteic phase, through unfolding and/or degradation processes. Successively, structural and mechanical parameters were examined using spectroscopy, microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, and tensile tests. The data analysis showed that chemical treatments did not modify the structure of the chitin matrix. This allowed to derive from the mechanical test analysis the following conclusions: (i) the maximum stress (σmax) relies on the presence of the disulfide bonds; (ii) the Young's modulus (E) relies on the overall correct folding of the proteins; (iii) the whole removal of proteins induces a decrease of E (> 90%) and σmax (> 80%), and an increase in the maximum elongation. These observations indicate that in the chitin matrix the proteins act as a strengthener, which efficacy is controlled by the presence of disulfide bridges. This reinforcement links the chitin fibrils avoiding them to slide one on the other and maximizing their resistance and stiffness. In conclusion, this knowledge can explain the physio-chemical properties of other biogenic polymeric composites and inspire the design of new materials. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: To date, no study has addressed on how proteins influence chitin-composite material's mechanical properties. Here we show that the Young's modulus and the maximum stress mainly rely on protein disulfide bonds, the inter-proteins ones and those controlling the folding of chitin-binding domains. The removal of protein matrix induce a reduction of Young's modulus and maximum stress, leaving the chitin matrix structurally unaltered. The measure of the maximum elongation shows that the chitin fibrils slide on each other only after removing the protein matrix. In conclusion, this research shows that the proteins act as a stiff matrix reinforced by di-sulfide bridges that link crystalline chitin fibrils avoiding them to slide one on the other.
Collapse
|
12
|
Suzuki M. Structural and functional analyses of organic molecules regulating biomineralization. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2020; 84:1529-1540. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2020.1762068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Biomineralization by living organisms are common phenomena observed everywhere. Molluskan shells are representative biominerals that have fine microstructures with controlled morphology, polymorph, and orientation of CaCO3 crystals. A few organic molecules involved in the biominerals play important roles in the formation of such microstructures. Analyses of structure–function relationships for matrix proteins in biominerals revealed that almost all matrix proteins have an acidic region for the binding of calcium ion in CaCO3 crystals and interaction domains for other organic molecules. On the other hand, biomineralization of metal nanoparticles by microorganisms were also investigated. Gold nanoparticles and quantum dots containing cadmium were successfully synthesized by bacteria or a fungus. The analyses of components revealed that glycolipids, oligosaccharides, and lactic acids have key roles to synthesize the gold nanoparticle in Lactobacillus casei as reductants and dispersants. These researches about biomineralization will give new insights for material and environmental sciences in the human society.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michio Suzuki
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kawabata SI, Shibata T. Purification and Assays of Tachycitin. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2132:317-323. [PMID: 32306339 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0430-4_31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
An antimicrobial peptide tachycitin (73 amino acids) is purified by steps of chromatography, including Sephadex G-50 and S Sepharose FF, from the acid extract of hemocyte debris of horseshoe crabs. Tachycitin is present in monomer form in solution, revealed by ultracentrifugation analysis. Tachycitin exhibits bacterial agglutination activity and inhibits the growth of both Gram-negative bacteria, Gram-positive bacteria, and fungus Candida albicans. Interestingly, tachycitin shows synergistic antimicrobial activity in corporation with another antimicrobial peptide, big defensin. Tachycitin shows a specific binding activity to chitin but not to cellulose, mannan, xylan, and laminarin. Tachycitin is composed of the N-terminal three-stranded β-sheet and the C-terminal two-stranded β-sheet following a short helical turn, and the C-terminal structural motif shares a significant structural similarity with the chitin-binding domain derived from a plant chitin-binding protein, hevein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Toshio Shibata
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Madland E, Crasson O, Vandevenne M, Sørlie M, Aachmann FL. NMR and Fluorescence Spectroscopies Reveal the Preorganized Binding Site in Family 14 Carbohydrate-Binding Module from Human Chitotriosidase. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:21975-21984. [PMID: 31891077 PMCID: PMC6933781 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b03043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrate-binding modules (CBM) play important roles in targeting and increasing the concentration of carbohydrate active enzymes on their substrates. Using NMR to get the solution structure of CBM14, we can gain insight into secondary structure elements and intramolecular interactions with our assigned nuclear overhauser effect peaks. This reveals that two conserved aromatic residues (Phe437 and Phe456) make up the hydrophobic core of the CBM. These residues are also responsible for connecting the two β-sheets together, by being part of β2 and β4, respectively, and together with disulfide bridges, they create CBM14's characteristic "hevein-like" fold. Most CBMs rely on aromatic residues for substrate binding; however, CBM14 contains just a single tryptophan (Trp465) that together with Asn466 enables substrate binding. Interestingly, an alanine mutation of a single residue (Leu454) located behind Trp465 renders the CBM incapable of binding. Fluorescence spectroscopy performed on this mutant reveals a significant blue shift, as well as a minor blue shift for its neighbor Val455. The reduction in steric hindrance causes the tryptophan to be buried into the hydrophobic core of the structure and therefore suggests a preorganized binding site for this CBM. Our results show that both Trp465 and Asn466 are affected when CBM14 interacts with both (GlcNAc)3 and β-chitin, that the binding interactions are weak, and that CBM14 displays a slightly higher affinity toward β-chitin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Madland
- Department
of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian Biopolymer Laboratory
(NOBIPOL), NTNU Norwegian University of
Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Oscar Crasson
- InBioS—Center
for Protein Engineering, Institut de Chimie B6a, Université de Liège, Sart-Tilman, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Maryléne Vandevenne
- InBioS—Center
for Protein Engineering, Institut de Chimie B6a, Université de Liège, Sart-Tilman, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Morten Sørlie
- Department
of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, NMBU Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås 1430, Norway
| | - Finn L. Aachmann
- Department
of Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian Biopolymer Laboratory
(NOBIPOL), NTNU Norwegian University of
Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Fan S, Zheng Z, Hao R, Du X, Jiao Y, Huang R. PmCBP, a novel poly (chitin-binding domain) gene, participates in nacreous layer formation of Pinctada fucata martensii. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 240:110374. [PMID: 31733296 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2019.110374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chitin participates in shell formation as the main component of an organic framework. Chitin-binding protein contains domains that can bind to chitin specifically. In this study, a novel chitin-binding protein from Pinctada fucata martensii (PmCBP) with poly (chitin-binding domain) was cloned, which contains a 5'-untranslated region (UTR) of 114 bp and 3'UTR of 116 bp, and encodes a putative protein of 2044 amino acids. The predicted PmCBP protein was structurally typical of the CBP family with 20 ChtBD2 domains. Phylogenetic and linear relation analyses showed that the ChtBD2 domain has a highly conserved structure among the three species of P. f. martensii, Crassostrea gigas, and Mizuhopecten yessoensis. qRT-PCR and in-situ hybridization analysis revealed that PmCBP was most abundant in the mantle pallium whose expression level was significantly correlated with the growth traits. After RNAi, PmCBP expression was significantly inhibited in the mantle pallium (P < 0.05) and the microstructure of nacreous layers showed a disordered growth in the experiment group. These results indicated that PmCBP may be involved in nacreous layer formation through participation in the process of binding chitin in pearl oyster P. f. martensii.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Fan
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhe Zheng
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China; Guangdong Technology Research Center for Pearl Aquaculture and Process, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China.
| | - Ruijuan Hao
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiaodong Du
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China; Guangdong Technology Research Center for Pearl Aquaculture and Process, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China.
| | - Yu Jiao
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China; Guangdong Technology Research Center for Pearl Aquaculture and Process, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Ronglian Huang
- Fishery College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China; Guangdong Technology Research Center for Pearl Aquaculture and Process, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Shams MV, Nazarian-Firouzabadi F, Ismaili A, Shirzadian-Khorramabad R. Production of a Recombinant Dermaseptin Peptide in Nicotiana tabacum Hairy Roots with Enhanced Antimicrobial Activity. Mol Biotechnol 2019; 61:241-252. [PMID: 30649664 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-019-00153-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Expression of strong antimicrobial peptides in plants is of great interest to combat a wide range of plant pathogens. To bring the Dermaseptin B1 (DrsB1) peptide to the intimate contact of the plant pathogens cell wall surface, the DrsB1 encoding sequence was fused to the C-terminal part of the two copies of the chitin-binding domain (CBD) of the Avr4 effector protein and used for Agrobacterium rhizogenes-mediated transformation. The expression of the recombinant protein in the tobacco hairy roots (HRs) was confirmed by molecular analysis. Antimicrobial activity analysis of the recombinant protein purified from the transgenic HRs showed that the (CBD)2-DrsB1 recombinant protein had a significant (p < 0.01) antimicrobial effect on the growth of different fungal and bacterial pathogens. The results of this study indicated that the recombinant protein had a higher antifungal activity against chitin-producing Alternaria alternata than Pythium spp. Scanning electron microscopy images demonstrated that the recombinant protein led to fungal hypha deformation, fragmentation, and agglutination of growing hypha, possibly by dissociating fungal cell wall components. In vitro evidences suggest that the expression of the (CBD)2-DrsB1 recombinant protein in plants by generating transgenic lines is a promising approach to produce disease-resistant plants, resistance to chitin-producing pathogenic fungi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Varasteh Shams
- Agronomy and Plant Breeding Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | | | - Ahmad Ismaili
- Agronomy and Plant Breeding Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Reza Shirzadian-Khorramabad
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, 4199613776, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Oh R, Lee MJ, Kim YO, Nam BH, Kong HJ, Kim JW, Park JY, Seo JK, Kim DG. Purification and characterization of an antimicrobial peptide mytichitin-chitin binding domain from the hard-shelled mussel, Mytilus coruscus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 83:425-435. [PMID: 30195913 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
An antimicrobial peptide with 55 amino acid residues was purified by C18 reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) from foot extract of the hard-shelled mussel, Mytilus coruscus. This peptide showed strong antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as fungi. The purified peptide was determined to have a molecular mass of 6202 Da by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrophotometry (MALDI-TOF/MS). The identified 20-amino acid sequence of the purified peak by Edman degradation shared 100% identity with the N-terminal regions of mytichitin-1, mytichitin-2, mytichitin-3, mytichitin-4, mytichitin-5, and chitinase-like protein-1, and so was named mytichitin-CBD. The cDNA of mytichitin-CBD was cloned and sequenced by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The mRNA transcripts were mainly detected in foot tissue, and they were up-regulated and peaked at 4 h after bacterial infection. We constructed and expressed recombinant mytichitin-CBD protein which displayed antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria Gram-positive bacteria and the fungus as well as anti-parasitic activity against scuticociliates. The results of this study demonstrate that the peptide isolated from M. coruscus is related to the innate immune system of this marine invertebrate and is a possible alternative to antibiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryunkyoung Oh
- Biotechnology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jeong Lee
- Biotechnology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ok Kim
- Biotechnology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Hye Nam
- Biotechnology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jeong Kong
- Biotechnology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Won Kim
- Biotechnology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Youn Park
- Biotechnology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Kil Seo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kunsan National University, Kunsan, 54150, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dong-Gyun Kim
- Biotechnology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Terra WR, Dias RO, Oliveira PL, Ferreira C, Venancio TM. Transcriptomic analyses uncover emerging roles of mucins, lysosome/secretory addressing and detoxification pathways in insect midguts. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2018; 29:34-40. [PMID: 30551823 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2018.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The study of insect midgut features has been made possible by the recent availability of transcriptome datasets. These data uncovered the preferential expression of mucus-forming mucins at midgut regions that require protection (e.g. the acidic middle midgut of Musca domestica) or at sites of enzyme immobilization, particularly around the peritrophic membrane of Spodoptera frugiperda. Coleoptera lysosomal peptidases are directed to midgut lumen when over-expressed and targeted to lysosomes by a mechanism other than the mannose 6-phosphate-dependent pathway. We show that this second trend is likely conserved across Annelida, Mollusca, Nematoda, and Arthropoda. Furthermore, midgut transcriptomes of distantly related species reveal a general overexpression of xenobiotic detoxification pathways. In addition to attenuating toxicity of plant-derived compounds and insecticides, we also discuss a role for these detoxification pathways in regulating host-microbiota interactions by metabolizing bacterial secondary metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Walter R Terra
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil.
| | - Renata O Dias
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Pedro L Oliveira
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica, Programa de Biotecnologia e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Clélia Ferreira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Thiago M Venancio
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas e Peptídeos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Pei J, Kinch LN, Grishin NV. FlyXCDB—A Resource for Drosophila Cell Surface and Secreted Proteins and Their Extracellular Domains. J Mol Biol 2018; 430:3353-3411. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
20
|
Hurlburt NK, Chen LH, Stergiopoulos I, Fisher AJ. Structure of the Cladosporium fulvum Avr4 effector in complex with (GlcNAc)6 reveals the ligand-binding mechanism and uncouples its intrinsic function from recognition by the Cf-4 resistance protein. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007263. [PMID: 30148881 PMCID: PMC6128652 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Effectors are microbial-derived secreted proteins with an essential function in modulating host immunity during infections. CfAvr4, an effector protein from the tomato pathogen Cladosporium fulvum and the founding member of a fungal effector family, promotes parasitism through binding fungal chitin and protecting it from chitinases. Binding of Avr4 to chitin is mediated by a carbohydrate-binding module of family 14 (CBM14), an abundant CBM across all domains of life. To date, the structural basis of chitin-binding by Avr4 effector proteins and of recognition by the cognate Cf-4 plant immune receptor are still poorly understood. Using X-ray crystallography, we solved the crystal structure of CfAvr4 in complex with chitohexaose [(GlcNAc)6] at 1.95Å resolution. This is the first co-crystal structure of a CBM14 protein together with its ligand that further reveals the molecular mechanism of (GlcNAc)6 binding by Avr4 effector proteins and CBM14 family members in general. The structure showed that two molecules of CfAvr4 interact through the ligand and form a three-dimensional molecular sandwich that encapsulates two (GlcNAc)6 molecules within the dimeric assembly. Contrary to previous assumptions made with other CBM14 members, the chitohexaose-binding domain (ChBD) extends to the entire length of CfAvr4 with the reducing end of (GlcNAc)6 positioned near the N-terminus and the non-reducing end at the C-terminus. Site-directed mutagenesis of residues interacting with (GlcNAc)6 enabled the elucidation of the precise topography and amino acid composition of Avr4’s ChBD and further showed that these residues do not individually mediate the recognition of CfAvr4 by the Cf-4 immune receptor. Instead, the studies highlighted the dependency of Cf-4-mediated recognition on CfAvr4’s stability and resistance against proteolysis in the leaf apoplast, and provided the evidence for structurally separating intrinsic function from immune receptor recognition in this effector family. Microbes mobilize an array of secreted effectors to manipulate their hosts during infections, whereas in response, hosts utilize cognate immune receptors to perceive effectors and mount a defense. To date, the structural basis of effector function and recognition by immune receptors are still poorly understood. Here we present the crystal structure in complex with chitohexaose of CfAvr4, a CBM14 lectin and the founding member of a fungal effector family that binds and protects chitin in fungal cell-walls from chitinases. This is the first structure of a CBM14 protein to be co-crystalized with its ligand that further reveals how Avr4 effectors function. Specifically, by leveraging structural and functional data, we elucidate the molecular basis for ligand-binding by CfAvr4 and show that two effector molecules are brought together through the ligand to form a sandwich structure that laminates two chitohexaose molecules within the dimeric assembly. We further show that recognition of CfAvr4 by the cognate Cf-4 immune receptor is not mediated through residues directly interacting with chitohexaose, thereby structurally uncoupling the ligand-binding function of Avr4 from recognition by Cf-4 and challenging early postulations that the broad recognition of Avr4 effectors by Cf-4 stems from perceiving residues implicated in binding their ligand.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas K. Hurlburt
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Li-Hung Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Ioannis Stergiopoulos
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (IS); (AJF)
| | - Andrew J. Fisher
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (IS); (AJF)
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhao J, Yuan S, Gao B, Zhu S. Molecular diversity of fungal inhibitor cystine knot peptides evolved by domain repeat and fusion. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2018; 365:5046422. [PMID: 29961831 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fny158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jingru Zhao
- Group of Peptide Biology and Evolution, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shouli Yuan
- Group of Peptide Biology and Evolution, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19(A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bin Gao
- Group of Peptide Biology and Evolution, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shunyi Zhu
- Group of Peptide Biology and Evolution, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Passarini I, Rossiter S, Malkinson J, Zloh M. In Silico Structural Evaluation of Short Cationic Antimicrobial Peptides. Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:E72. [PMID: 29933540 PMCID: PMC6160961 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10030072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cationic peptides with antimicrobial properties are ubiquitous in nature and have been studied for many years in an attempt to design novel antibiotics. However, very few molecules are used in the clinic so far, sometimes due to their complexity but, mostly, as a consequence of the unfavorable pharmacokinetic profile associated with peptides. The aim of this work is to investigate cationic peptides in order to identify common structural features which could be useful for the design of small peptides or peptido-mimetics with improved drug-like properties and activity against Gram negative bacteria. Two sets of cationic peptides (AMPs) with known antimicrobial activity have been investigated. The first reference set comprised molecules with experimentally-known conformations available in the protein databank (PDB), and the second one was composed of short peptides active against Gram negative bacteria but with no significant structural information available. The predicted structures of the peptides from the first set were in excellent agreement with those experimentally-observed, which allowed analysis of the structural features of the second group using computationally-derived conformations. The peptide conformations, either experimentally available or predicted, were clustered in an “all vs. all” fashion and the most populated clusters were then analyzed. It was confirmed that these peptides tend to assume an amphipathic conformation regardless of the environment. It was also observed that positively-charged amino acid residues can often be found next to aromatic residues. Finally, a protocol was evaluated for the investigation of the behavior of short cationic peptides in the presence of a membrane-like environment such as dodecylphosphocholine (DPC) micelles. The results presented herein introduce a promising approach to inform the design of novel short peptides with a potential antimicrobial activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Passarini
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK.
| | - Sharon Rossiter
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK.
| | - John Malkinson
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29/39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK.
| | - Mire Zloh
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, College Lane, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK.
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University Business Academy, Trg mladenaca 5, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
- NanoPuzzle Medicines Design, Business & Technology Centre, Bessemer Drive, Stevenage SG1 2DX, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Martínez-Barnetche J, Lavore A, Beliera M, Téllez-Sosa J, Zumaya-Estrada FA, Palacio V, Godoy-Lozano E, Rivera-Pomar R, Rodríguez MH. Adaptations in energy metabolism and gene family expansions revealed by comparative transcriptomics of three Chagas disease triatomine vectors. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:296. [PMID: 29699489 PMCID: PMC5921304 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4696-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chagas disease is a parasitic infection caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. It is an important public health problem affecting around seven to eight million people in the Americas. A large number of hematophagous triatomine insect species, occupying diverse natural and human-modified ecological niches transmit this disease. Triatomines are long-living hemipterans that have evolved to explode different habitats to associate with their vertebrate hosts. Understanding the molecular basis of the extreme physiological conditions including starvation tolerance and longevity could provide insights for developing novel control strategies. We describe the normalized cDNA, full body transcriptome analysis of three main vectors in North, Central and South America, Triatoma pallidipennis, T. dimidiata and T. infestans. Results Two-thirds of the de novo assembled transcriptomes map to the Rhodnius prolixus genome and proteome. A Triatoma expansion of the calycin family and two types of protease inhibitors, pacifastins and cystatins were identified. A high number of transcriptionally active class I transposable elements was documented in T. infestans, compared with T. dimidiata and T. pallidipennis. Sequence identity in Triatoma-R. prolixus 1:1 orthologs revealed high sequence divergence in four enzymes participating in gluconeogenesis, glycogen synthesis and the pentose phosphate pathway, indicating high evolutionary rates of these genes. Also, molecular evidence suggesting positive selection was found for several genes of the oxidative phosphorylation I, III and V complexes. Conclusions Protease inhibitors and calycin-coding gene expansions provide insights into rapidly evolving processes of protease regulation and haematophagy. Higher evolutionary rates in enzymes that exert metabolic flux control towards anabolism and evidence for positive selection in oxidative phosphorylation complexes might represent genetic adaptations, possibly related to prolonged starvation, oxidative stress tolerance, longevity, and hematophagy and flight reduction. Overall, this work generated novel hypothesis related to biological adaptations to extreme physiological conditions and diverse ecological niches that sustain Chagas disease transmission. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-4696-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Martínez-Barnetche
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Andrés Lavore
- Centro de Bioinvestigaciones (CeBio) and Centro de Investigación y Transferencia del Noroeste de Buenos Aires (CITNOBA-CONICET), Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Pergamino, Argentina
| | - Melina Beliera
- Centro de Bioinvestigaciones (CeBio) and Centro de Investigación y Transferencia del Noroeste de Buenos Aires (CITNOBA-CONICET), Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Pergamino, Argentina
| | - Juan Téllez-Sosa
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Federico A Zumaya-Estrada
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Victorio Palacio
- Centro de Bioinvestigaciones (CeBio) and Centro de Investigación y Transferencia del Noroeste de Buenos Aires (CITNOBA-CONICET), Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Pergamino, Argentina
| | - Ernestina Godoy-Lozano
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Rolando Rivera-Pomar
- Centro de Bioinvestigaciones (CeBio) and Centro de Investigación y Transferencia del Noroeste de Buenos Aires (CITNOBA-CONICET), Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Pergamino, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Genética y Genómica Funcional. Centro Regional de Estudios Genómicos. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Mario Henry Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, México.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abehsera S, Zaccai S, Mittelman B, Glazer L, Weil S, Khalaila I, Davidov G, Bitton R, Zarivach R, Li S, Li F, Xiang J, Manor R, Aflalo ED, Sagi A. CPAP3 proteins in the mineralized cuticle of a decapod crustacean. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2430. [PMID: 29403068 PMCID: PMC5799365 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20835-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The pancrustacean theory groups crustaceans and hexapods (once thought to comprise separate clades within the Arthropoda) into a single clade. A key feature common to all pancrustaceans is their chitinous exoskeleton, with a major contribution by cuticular proteins. Among these, are the CPAP3’s, a family of cuticular proteins, first identified in the hexapod Drosophila melanogaster and characterized by an N-terminal signaling peptide and three chitin-binding domains. In this study, CPAP3 proteins were mined from a transcriptomic library of a decapod crustacean, the crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus. Phylogenetic analysis of other CPAP3 proteins from hexapods and other crustaceans showed a high degree of conservation. Characterization of the crayfish proteins, designated CqCPAP3’s, suggested a major role for CPAP3’sin cuticle formation. Loss-of-function experiments using RNAi supported such a notion by demonstrating crucial roles for several CqCPAP3 proteins during molting. A putative mode of action for the CqCPAP3 proteins –theoretically binding three chitin strands– was suggested by the structural data obtained from a representative recombinant CqCPAP3. The similarities between the CqCPAP3 proteins and their hexapod homologues further demonstrated common genetic and proteinaceous features of cuticle formation in pancrustaceans, thereby reinforcing the linkage between these two highly important phylogenetic groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shai Abehsera
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.,The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Shir Zaccai
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Binyamin Mittelman
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.,The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Lilah Glazer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, USA
| | - Simy Weil
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.,The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Isam Khalaila
- The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.,Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Geula Davidov
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.,The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ronit Bitton
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.,The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Raz Zarivach
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.,The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Shihao Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Fuhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianhai Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Rivka Manor
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.,The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Eliahu D Aflalo
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.,The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Amir Sagi
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel. .,The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Aranda-Martinez A, Grifoll-Romero L, Aragunde H, Sancho-Vaello E, Biarnés X, Lopez-Llorca LV, Planas A. Expression and specificity of a chitin deacetylase from the nematophagous fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia potentially involved in pathogenicity. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2170. [PMID: 29391415 PMCID: PMC5794925 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19902-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitin deacetylases (CDAs) act on chitin polymers and low molecular weight oligomers producing chitosans and chitosan oligosaccharides. Structurally-defined, partially deacetylated chitooligosaccharides produced by enzymatic methods are of current interest as bioactive molecules for a variety of applications. Among Pochonia chlamydosporia (Pc) annotated CDAs, gene pc_2566 was predicted to encode for an extracellular CE4 deacetylase with two CBM18 chitin binding modules. Chitosan formation during nematode egg infection by this nematophagous fungus suggests a role for their CDAs in pathogenicity. The P. chlamydosporia CDA catalytic domain (PcCDA) was expressed in E. coli BL21, recovered from inclusion bodies, and purified by affinity chromatography. It displays deacetylase activity on chitooligosaccharides with a degree of polymerization (DP) larger than 3, generating mono- and di-deacetylated products with a pattern different from those of closely related fungal CDAs. This is the first report of a CDA from a nematophagous fungus. On a DP5 substrate, PcCDA gave a single mono-deacetylated product in the penultimate position from the non-reducing end (ADAAA) which was then transformed into a di-deacetylated product (ADDAA). This novel deacetylation pattern expands our toolbox of specific CDAs for biotechnological applications, and will provide further insights into the determinants of substrate specificity in this family of enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Almudena Aranda-Martinez
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Marine Sciences and Applied Biology, Multidisciplinary Institute for Environmental Studies Ramón Margalef, University of Alicante, PO box 99, 03080, Alicante, Spain
| | - Laia Grifoll-Romero
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta 390, 08017, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hugo Aragunde
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta 390, 08017, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enea Sancho-Vaello
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta 390, 08017, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xevi Biarnés
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta 390, 08017, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Vicente Lopez-Llorca
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Department of Marine Sciences and Applied Biology, Multidisciplinary Institute for Environmental Studies Ramón Margalef, University of Alicante, PO box 99, 03080, Alicante, Spain
| | - Antoni Planas
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Institut Químic de Sarrià, Universitat Ramon Llull, Via Augusta 390, 08017, Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Dias RO, Cardoso C, Pimentel AC, Damasceno TF, Ferreira C, Terra WR. The roles of mucus-forming mucins, peritrophins and peritrophins with mucin domains in the insect midgut. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 27:46-60. [PMID: 28833767 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Most insects have a gut lined with a peritrophic membrane (PM) consisting of chitin and proteins, mainly peritrophins that have chitin-binding domains. The PM is proposed to originate from mucus-forming mucins (Mf-mucins), which acquired a chitin-binding domain that interlocked with chitin, replacing mucus in function. We evaluated the expression of Mf-mucins and peritrophins by RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) throughout the midgut of four distantly related insects. Mf-mucins were identified as proteins with high o-glycosylation and a series of uninterrupted Pro/Thr/Ser residues. The results demonstrate that the mucus layer is widespread in insects, and suggest that insect Mf-mucins are derived from those found in other animals by the loss of the cysteine knot and von Willebrand domains. The data also support a role of Mf-mucins in protecting the middle midgut of Musca domestica against acidic buffers. Mf-mucins may also produce a jelly-like material associated with the PM that immobilizes digestive enzymes in Spodoptera frugiperda. Peritrophins with a domain similar to Mf-mucins may be close to the ancestor of peritrophins. Expression data of peritrophins and chitin synthase genes throughout the midgut of M. domestica, S. frugiperda and Tenebrio molitor indicated that peritrophins were incorporated along the PM, according to their preferential sites of formation. Finally, the data support the view that mucus has functions distinct from the PM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R O Dias
- Departamento de Bioquimica, Instituto de Quimica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C Cardoso
- Departamento de Bioquimica, Instituto de Quimica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A C Pimentel
- Departamento de Bioquimica, Instituto de Quimica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - T F Damasceno
- Departamento de Bioquimica, Instituto de Quimica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C Ferreira
- Departamento de Bioquimica, Instituto de Quimica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - W R Terra
- Departamento de Bioquimica, Instituto de Quimica, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
He R, Shen N, Zhang H, Ren Y, He M, Xu J, Guo C, Xie Y, Gu X, Lai W, Peng X, Yang G. Molecular characteristics and serodiagnostic potential of chitinase-like protein from Sarcoptes scabiei. Oncotarget 2017; 8:83995-84005. [PMID: 29137399 PMCID: PMC5663571 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Scabies, caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei, is an allergic skin disease that affects millions of people and other mammals worldwide. This highly contagious parasitic disease is among the top 50 epidemic disease and is regarded as a neglected tropical disease. Diagnosis of scabies is difficult in the early stage, and the pathogenesis of scabies is not currently clear. Here, we expressed, identified and located the chitinase-like protein of S. scabiei (SsCLP), and evaluated its potential as an early-stage diagnostic antigen for rabbit scabies. Indirect ELISA using recombinant SsCLP (rSsCLP) exhibited diagnostic sensitivity of 94.4% (17/18) and specificity of 86.7% (26/30). Early diagnostic test after artificial infection of rabbits with S. scabiei for 1 week showed a positive detection rate of 96.7% (29/30). Immunolocalization assays showed that fluorescence signals were localized on the surface of mites and, in infected rabbits, were observed in keratinized skin and embedded mites. Intradermal skin tests of rabbits by injecting rSsCLP showed a wheal, flare and erythema reaction. These results suggest that S. scabiei chitinase-like protein is conducive to host invasion, participates in inducing the allergic response of the host, and is an effective antigen for the diagnosis of S. scabiei.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ran He
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
| | - Nengxing Shen
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
| | - Haojie Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
| | - Yongjun Ren
- Sichuan Animal Sciences Academy, Sichuan Chengdu, China
| | - Manli He
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
| | - Cheng Guo
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
| | - Yue Xie
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
| | - Xiaobin Gu
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
| | - Weimin Lai
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
| | - Xuerong Peng
- Department of Chemistry, College of Life and Basic Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
| | - Guangyou Yang
- Department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Human Chitotriosidase: Catalytic Domain or Carbohydrate Binding Module, Who's Leading HCHT's Biological Function. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2768. [PMID: 28584264 PMCID: PMC5459812 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02382-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitin is an important structural component of numerous fungal pathogens and parasitic nematodes. The human macrophage chitotriosidase (HCHT) is a chitinase that hydrolyses glycosidic bonds between the N-acetyl-D-glucosamine units of this biopolymer. HCHT belongs to the Glycoside Hydrolase (GH) superfamily and contains a well-characterized catalytic domain appended to a chitin-binding domain (ChBDCHIT1). Although its precise biological function remains unclear, HCHT has been described to be involved in innate immunity. In this study, the molecular basis for interaction with insoluble chitin as well as with soluble chito-oligosaccharides has been determined. The results suggest a new mechanism as a common binding mode for many Carbohydrate Binding Modules (CBMs). Furthermore, using a phylogenetic approach, we have analysed the modularity of HCHT and investigated the evolutionary paths of its catalytic and chitin binding domains. The phylogenetic analyses indicate that the ChBDCHIT1 domain dictates the biological function of HCHT and not its appended catalytic domain. This observation may also be a general feature of GHs. Altogether, our data have led us to postulate and discuss that HCHT acts as an immune catalyser.
Collapse
|
29
|
Franceschetti M, Maqbool A, Jiménez-Dalmaroni MJ, Pennington HG, Kamoun S, Banfield MJ. Effectors of Filamentous Plant Pathogens: Commonalities amid Diversity. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2017; 81:e00066-16. [PMID: 28356329 PMCID: PMC5485802 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00066-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi and oomycetes are filamentous microorganisms that include a diversity of highly developed pathogens of plants. These are sophisticated modulators of plant processes that secrete an arsenal of effector proteins to target multiple host cell compartments and enable parasitic infection. Genome sequencing revealed complex catalogues of effectors of filamentous pathogens, with some species harboring hundreds of effector genes. Although a large fraction of these effector genes encode secreted proteins with weak or no sequence similarity to known proteins, structural studies have revealed unexpected similarities amid the diversity. This article reviews progress in our understanding of effector structure and function in light of these new insights. We conclude that there is emerging evidence for multiple pathways of evolution of effectors of filamentous plant pathogens but that some families have probably expanded from a common ancestor by duplication and diversification. Conserved folds, such as the oomycete WY and the fungal MAX domains, are not predictive of the precise function of the effectors but serve as a chassis to support protein structural integrity while providing enough plasticity for the effectors to bind different host proteins and evolve unrelated activities inside host cells. Further effector evolution and diversification arise via short linear motifs, domain integration and duplications, and oligomerization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Franceschetti
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Abbas Maqbool
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | | | - Helen G Pennington
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Sophien Kamoun
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Mark J Banfield
- Department of Biological Chemistry, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Han B, Polonais V, Sugi T, Yakubu R, Takvorian PM, Cali A, Maier K, Long M, Levy M, Tanowitz HB, Pan G, Delbac F, Zhou Z, Weiss LM. The role of microsporidian polar tube protein 4 (PTP4) in host cell infection. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006341. [PMID: 28426751 PMCID: PMC5413088 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Microsporidia have been identified as pathogens that have important effects on our health, food security and economy. A key to the success of these obligate intracellular pathogens is their unique invasion organelle, the polar tube, which delivers the nucleus containing sporoplasm into host cells during invasion. Due to the size of the polar tube, the rapidity of polar tube discharge and sporoplasm passage, and the absence of genetic techniques for the manipulation of microsporidia, study of this organelle has been difficult and there is relatively little known regarding polar tube formation and the function of the proteins making up this structure. Herein, we have characterized polar tube protein 4 (PTP4) from the microsporidium Encephalitozoon hellem and found that a monoclonal antibody to PTP4 labels the tip of the polar tube suggesting that PTP4 might be involved in a direct interaction with host cell proteins during invasion. Further analyses employing indirect immunofluorescence (IFA), enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) assays confirmed that PTP4 binds to mammalian cells. The addition of either recombinant PTP4 protein or anti-PTP4 antibody reduced microsporidian infection of its host cells in vitro. Proteomic analysis of PTP4 bound to host cell membranes purified by immunoprecipitation identified transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) as a potential host cell interacting partner for PTP4. Additional experiments revealed that knocking out TfR1, adding TfR1 recombinant protein into cell culture, or adding anti-TfR1 antibody into cell culture significantly reduced microsporidian infection rates. These results indicate that PTP4 is an important protein competent of the polar tube involved in the mechanism of host cell infection utilized by these pathogens. Microsporidia are obligate intracellular parasites that cause disease in immune suppressed individuals such as those with HIV/AIDS and recipients of organ transplants. The microsporidia are defined by a unique invasion organelle, the polar tube. The formation of this organelle and its role in the mechanism of infection remain unknown. Herein, we have identified a role for Encephalitozoon hellem polar tube protein 4 (PTP4) in infection demonstrating that PTP4 can bind to the host cell surface via the host transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) protein. Interfering with the interaction of PTP4 and TfR1 causes a significant decrease in microsporidian infection of host cells. These data suggest that PTP4 functions as an important microsporidian protein during host cell infection by this pathogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Han
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Key Laboratory for Sericulture Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Valérie Polonais
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Laboratoire "Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- CNRS, UMR 6023, LMGE, Aubière, France
| | - Tatsuki Sugi
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Rama Yakubu
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Peter M. Takvorian
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Ann Cali
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Keith Maier
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Mengxian Long
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Sericulture Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Matthew Levy
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Herbert B. Tanowitz
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Guoqing Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Sericulture Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Frédéric Delbac
- Université Clermont Auvergne, Laboratoire "Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- CNRS, UMR 6023, LMGE, Aubière, France
| | - Zeyang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory for Sericulture Functional Genomics and Biotechnology of Agricultural Ministry, Southwest University, Chongqing, P. R. China
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (LMW); (ZZ)
| | - Louis M. Weiss
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail: (LMW); (ZZ)
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Autographa californica Multiple Nucleopolyhedrovirus AC83 is a Per Os Infectivity Factor (PIF) Protein Required for Occlusion-Derived Virus (ODV) and Budded Virus Nucleocapsid Assembly as well as Assembly of the PIF Complex in ODV Envelopes. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.02115-16. [PMID: 28031365 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02115-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Baculovirus occlusion-derived virus (ODV) initiates infection of lepidopteran larval hosts by binding to the midgut epithelia, which is mediated by per os infectivity factors (PIFs). Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) encodes seven PIF proteins, of which PIF1 to PIF4 form a core complex in ODV envelopes to which PIF0 and PIF6 loosely associate. Deletion of any pif gene results in ODV being unable to bind or enter midgut cells. AC83 also associates with the PIF complex, and this study further analyzed its role in oral infectivity to determine if it is a PIF protein. It had been proposed that AC83 possesses a chitin binding domain that enables transit through the peritrophic matrix; however, no chitin binding activity has ever been demonstrated. AC83 has been reported to be found only in the ODV envelopes, but in contrast, the Orgyia pseudotsugata MNPV AC83 homolog is associated with both ODV nucleocapsids and envelopes. In addition, unlike known pif genes, deletion of ac83 eliminates nucleocapsid formation. We propose a new model for AC83 function and show AC83 is associated with both ODV nucleocapsids and envelopes. We also further define the domain required for nucleocapsid assembly. The cysteine-rich region of AC83 is also shown not to be a chitin binding domain but a zinc finger domain required for the recruitment or assembly of the PIF complex to ODV envelopes. As such, AC83 has all the properties of a PIF protein and should be considered PIF8. In addition, pif7 (ac110) is reported as the 38th baculovirus core gene.IMPORTANCE ODV is essential for the per os infectivity of the baculovirus AcMNPV. To initiate infection, ODV binds to microvilli of lepidopteran midgut cells, a process which requires a group of seven virion envelope proteins called PIFs. In this study, we reexamined the function of AC83, a protein that copurifies with the ODV PIFs, to determine its role in the oral infection process. A zinc finger domain was identified and a new model for AC83 function was proposed. In contrast to previous studies, AC83 was found to be physically located in both the envelope and nucleocapsid of ODV. By deletion analysis, the AC83 domain required for nucleocapsid assembly was more finely delineated. We show that AC83 is required for PIF complex formation and conclude that it is a true per os infectivity factor and should be called PIF8.
Collapse
|
32
|
Harrison RL, Rowley DL, Mowery J, Bauchan GR, Theilmann DA, Rohrmann GF, Erlandson MA. The Complete Genome Sequence of a Second Distinct Betabaculovirus from the True Armyworm, Mythimna unipuncta. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170510. [PMID: 28103323 PMCID: PMC5245865 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The betabaculovirus originally called Pseudaletia (Mythimna) sp. granulovirus #8 (MyspGV#8) was examined by electron microscopy, host barcoding PCR, and determination of the nucleotide sequence of its genome. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed that the occlusion bodies of MyspGV#8 possessed the characteristic size range and morphology of betabaculovirus granules. Barcoding PCR using cytochrome oxidase I primers with DNA from the MyspGV#8 collection sample confirmed that it had been isolated from the true armyworm, Mythimna unipuncta (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and therefore was renamed MyunGV#8. The MyunGV#8 genome was found to be 144,673 bp in size with a nucleotide distribution of 49.9% G+C, which was significantly smaller and more GC-rich than the genome of Pseudaletia unipuncta granulovirus H (PsunGV-H), another M. unipuncta betabaculovirus. A phylogeny based on concatenated baculovirus core gene amino acid sequence alignments placed MyunGV#8 in clade a of genus Betabaculovirus. Kimura-2-parameter nucleotide distances suggested that MyunGV#8 represents a virus species different and distinct from other species of Betabaculovirus. Among the 153 ORFs annotated in the MyunGV#8 genome, four ORFs appeared to have been obtained from or donated to the alphabaculovirus lineage represented by Leucania separata nucleopolyhedrovirus AH1 (LeseNPV-AH1) during co-infection of Mythimna sp. larvae. A set of 33 ORFs was identified that appears only in other clade a betabaculovirus isolates. This clade a-specific set includes an ORF that encodes a polypeptide sequence containing a CIDE_N domain, which is found in caspase-activated DNAse/DNA fragmentation factor (CAD/DFF) proteins. CAD/DFF proteins are involved in digesting DNA during apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert L. Harrison
- Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Daniel L. Rowley
- Invasive Insect Biocontrol and Behavior Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Joseph Mowery
- Electron and Confocal Microscopy Unit, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Gary R. Bauchan
- Electron and Confocal Microscopy Unit, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David A. Theilmann
- Summerland Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Summerland, British Columbia, Canada
| | - George F. Rohrmann
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Martin A. Erlandson
- Saskatoon Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Mueller GA, Randall TA, Glesner J, Pedersen LC, Perera L, Edwards LL, DeRose EF, Chapman MD, London RE, Pomés A. Serological, genomic and structural analyses of the major mite allergen Der p 23. Clin Exp Allergy 2016; 46:365-76. [PMID: 26602749 DOI: 10.1111/cea.12680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Der p 23 was recently identified in a European population as a major allergen and potentially a chitin binding protein. OBJECTIVE This study sought to assess the importance of Der p 23 among other Dermatophagoides allergens in a North American population and to determine the structure for functional characterization. METHODS IgE binding to Der p 23, Der p 1, Der p 2, Der p 5, Der p 7 and Der p 8 was measured by ELISA. RNA-seq data from D. pteronyssinus were compared as estimates of allergen expression levels. The structure was analysed by X-ray crystallography and NMR. RESULTS Despite a high prevalence of Der p 23, (75% vs. 87% and 79% for Der p 1 and Der p 2, respectively), the anti-Der p 23 IgE levels were relatively low. The patient response to the 6 allergens tested was variable (n = 47), but on average anti-Der p 1 and anti-Der p 2 together accounted for 85% of the specific IgE. In terms of abundance, the RNA expression level of Der p 23 is the lowest of the major allergens, thirty fold less than Der p 1 and sevenfold less than Der p 2. The structure of Der p 23 is a small, globular protein stabilized by two disulphide bonds, which is structurally related to allergens such as Blo t 12 that contain carbohydrate binding domains that bind chitin. Functional assays failed to confirm chitin binding by Der p 23. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Der p 23 accounts for a small percentage of the IgE response to mite allergens, which is dominated by Der p 1 and Der p 2. The prevalence and amount of specific IgE to Der p 23 and Der p 2 are disproportionately high compared to the expression of other Dermatophagoides allergens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G A Mueller
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - T A Randall
- Integrative Bioinformatics, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - J Glesner
- INDOOR Biotechnologies, Inc., Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - L C Pedersen
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - L Perera
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - L L Edwards
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - E F DeRose
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - M D Chapman
- INDOOR Biotechnologies, Inc., Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - R E London
- Genome Integrity and Structural Biology Laboratory, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - A Pomés
- INDOOR Biotechnologies, Inc., Charlottesville, VA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Fadel F, Zhao Y, Cousido-Siah A, Ruiz FX, Mitschler A, Podjarny A. X-Ray Crystal Structure of the Full Length Human Chitotriosidase (CHIT1) Reveals Features of Its Chitin Binding Domain. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154190. [PMID: 27111557 PMCID: PMC4844120 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitinases are enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of chitin. Human chitotriosidase (CHIT1) is one of the two active human chitinases, involved in the innate immune response and highly expressed in a variety of diseases. CHIT1 is composed of a catalytic domain linked by a hinge to its chitin binding domain (ChBD). This latter domain belongs to the carbohydrate-binding module family 14 (CBM14 family) and facilitates binding to chitin. So far, the available crystal structures of the human chitinase CHIT1 and the Acidic Mammalian Chitinase (AMCase) comprise only their catalytic domain. Here, we report a crystallization strategy combining cross-seeding and micro-seeding cycles which allowed us to obtain the first crystal structure of the full length CHIT1 (CHIT1-FL) at 1.95 Å resolution. The CHIT1 chitin binding domain (ChBDCHIT1) structure shows a distorted β-sandwich 3D fold, typical of CBM14 family members. Accordingly, ChBDCHIT1 presents six conserved cysteine residues forming three disulfide bridges and several exposed aromatic residues that probably are involved in chitin binding, including the highly conserved Trp465 in a surface- exposed conformation. Furthermore, ChBDCHIT1 presents a positively charged surface which may be involved in electrostatic interactions. Our data highlight the strong structural conservation of CBM14 family members and uncover the structural similarity between the human ChBDCHIT1, tachycitin and house mite dust allergens. Overall, our new CHIT1-FL structure, determined with an adapted crystallization approach, is one of the few complete bi-modular chitinase structures available and reveals the structural features of a human CBM14 domain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Firas Fadel
- Department of Integrative Biology, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), CNRS UMR 7104, INSERM U 964, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
- * E-mail: (FF); (AP)
| | - Yuguang Zhao
- Division of Structural Biology, University of Oxford, The Henry Wellcome Building for Genomic Medicine, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra Cousido-Siah
- Department of Integrative Biology, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), CNRS UMR 7104, INSERM U 964, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Francesc X. Ruiz
- Department of Integrative Biology, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), CNRS UMR 7104, INSERM U 964, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - André Mitschler
- Department of Integrative Biology, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), CNRS UMR 7104, INSERM U 964, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Alberto Podjarny
- Department of Integrative Biology, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), CNRS UMR 7104, INSERM U 964, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
- * E-mail: (FF); (AP)
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Valverde Serrano C, Leemreize H, Bar-On B, Barth FG, Fratzl P, Zolotoyabko E, Politi Y. Ordering of protein and water molecules at their interfaces with chitin nano-crystals. J Struct Biol 2015; 193:124-31. [PMID: 26687414 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Synchrotron X-ray diffraction was applied to study the structure of biogenic α-chitin crystals composing the tendon of the spider Cupiennius salei. Measurements were carried out on pristine chitin crystals stabilized by proteins and water, as well as after their deproteinization and dehydration. We found substantial shifts (up to Δq/q=9% in the wave vector in q-space) in the (020) diffraction peak position between intact and purified chitin samples. However, chitin lattice parameters extracted from the set of reflections (hkl), which did not contain the (020)-reflection, showed no systematic variation between the pristine and the processed samples. The observed shifts in the (020) peak position are discussed in terms of the ordering-induced modulation of the protein and water electron density near the surface of the ultra-thin chitin fibrils due to strong protein/chitin and water/chitin interactions. The extracted modulation periods can be used as a quantitative parameter characterizing the interaction length.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Valverde Serrano
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Research Campus Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Hanna Leemreize
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Research Campus Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Benny Bar-On
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University, Beer Sheba 84105, Israel; Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Research Campus Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Friedrich G Barth
- Department of Neurobiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Fratzl
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Research Campus Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Emil Zolotoyabko
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Yael Politi
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Research Campus Golm, 14424 Potsdam, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Wang WJ, Cheng W, Luo M, Yan Q, Yu HM, Li Q, Cao DD, Huang S, Xu A, Mariuzza RA, Chen Y, Zhou CZ. Activity Augmentation of Amphioxus Peptidoglycan Recognition Protein BbtPGRP3 via Fusion with a Chitin Binding Domain. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140953. [PMID: 26479246 PMCID: PMC4610682 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs), which have been identified in most animals, are pattern recognition molecules that involve antimicrobial defense. Resulting from extraordinary expansion of innate immune genes, the amphioxus encodes many PGRPs of diverse functions. For instance, three isoforms of PGRP encoded by Branchiostoma belcheri tsingtauense, termed BbtPGRP1~3, are fused with a chitin binding domain (CBD) at the N-terminus. Here we report the 2.7 Å crystal structure of BbtPGRP3, revealing an overall structure of an N-terminal hevein-like CBD followed by a catalytic PGRP domain. Activity assays combined with site-directed mutagenesis indicated that the individual PGRP domain exhibits amidase activity towards both DAP-type and Lys-type peptidoglycans (PGNs), the former of which is favored. The N-terminal CBD not only has the chitin-binding activity, but also enables BbtPGRP3 to gain a five-fold increase of amidase activity towards the Lys-type PGNs, leading to a significantly broadened substrate spectrum. Together, we propose that modular evolution via domain shuffling combined with gene horizontal transfer makes BbtPGRP1~3 novel PGRPs of augmented catalytic activity and broad recognition spectrum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jie Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and the Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Wang Cheng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and the Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ming Luo
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and the Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qingyu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Mei Yu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and the Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qiong Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and the Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Dong-Dong Cao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and the Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shengfeng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anlong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Roy A. Mariuzza
- University of Maryland Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, W. M. Keck Laboratory for Structural Biology, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yuxing Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and the Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- * E-mail: (YC); (CZZ)
| | - Cong-Zhao Zhou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and the Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- * E-mail: (YC); (CZZ)
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Stockinger LW, Eide KB, Dybvik AI, Sletta H, Vårum KM, Eijsink VG, Tøndervik A, Sørlie M. The effect of the carbohydrate binding module on substrate degradation by the human chitotriosidase. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2015; 1854:1494-501. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2015.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
38
|
Roer R, Abehsera S, Sagi A. Exoskeletons across the Pancrustacea: Comparative Morphology, Physiology, Biochemistry and Genetics. Integr Comp Biol 2015; 55:771-91. [DOI: 10.1093/icb/icv080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
|
39
|
Liu P, Stajich JE. Characterization of the Carbohydrate Binding Module 18 gene family in the amphibian pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. Fungal Genet Biol 2015; 77:31-9. [PMID: 25819009 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) is the causative agent of chytridiomycosis responsible for worldwide decline in amphibian populations. Previous analysis of the Bd genome revealed a unique expansion of the carbohydrate-binding module family 18 (CBM18) predicted to be a sub-class of chitin recognition domains. CBM expansions have been linked to the evolution of pathogenicity in a variety of fungal species by protecting the fungus from the host. Based on phylogenetic analysis and presence of additional protein domains, the gene family can be classified into 3 classes: Tyrosinase-, Deacetylase-, and Lectin-like. Examination of the mRNA expression levels from sporangia and zoospores of nine of the cbm18 genes found that the Lectin-like genes had the highest expression while the Tyrosinase-like genes showed little expression, especially in zoospores. Heterologous expression of GFP-tagged copies of four CBM18 genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae demonstrated that two copies containing secretion signal peptides are trafficked to the cell boundary. The Lectin-like genes cbm18-ll1 and cbm18-ll2 co-localized with the chitinous cell boundaries visualized by staining with calcofluor white. In vitro assays of the full length and single domain copies from CBM18-LL1 demonstrated chitin binding and no binding to cellulose or xylan. Expressed CBM18 domain proteins were demonstrated to protect the fungus, Trichoderma reeseii, in vitro against hydrolysis from exogenously added chitinase, likely by binding and limiting exposure of fungal chitin. These results demonstrate that cbm18 genes can play a role in fungal defense and expansion of their copy number may be an important pathogenicity factor of this emerging infectious disease of amphibians.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology and Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Jason E Stajich
- Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology and Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Chang TC, Stergiopoulos I. Inter- and intra-domain horizontal gene transfer, gain-loss asymmetry and positive selection mark the evolutionary history of the CBM14 family. FEBS J 2015; 282:2014-28. [PMID: 25754577 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Protein-carbohydrate interactions are ubiquitous in nature and at the core of many physiological processes of profound importance to health and disease. Specificity in protein-carbohydrate interactions is conferred by carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) that can accurately discriminate among the multitude of saccharides found in nature, thus targeting proteins to their particular substrates. Family 14 carbohydrate-binding modules (CBM14s), more specifically, are short modules that bind explicitly to chitin, the second most abundant carbohydrate in nature. Although considerable effort has been placed in elucidating protein-carbohydrate interactions at the molecular level for biological and biotechnological applications, in contrast the evolutionary relationships among these modules are minimally understood. Using the CBM14 family as an example, here we describe one of the first global molecular evolutionary analyses of a CBM family across all domains of life, with an emphasis on its origin, taxonomic distribution and pattern of diversification as a result of gene and module duplication, and positive selection. Our genome-wide searches recovered an impressive number of CBM14s from diverse lineages across nearly all domains of life. However, their highly disseminated distribution in taxa outside the Opisthokonta group strongly suggests a later evolutionary origin and elevated rates of inter- and intra-domain horizontal gene transfer. Moreover, accelerated rates of asymmetric gains and losses reveal a dynamic mode of birth-and-death evolution, whereas positive selection acting on paralogous CBM14-containing proteins suggest changes in substrate specificity and an increase in the functional promiscuity of this ancient CBM family. The importance of these results is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ti-Cheng Chang
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California Davis, CA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Beaula TJ, Joe IH, Rastogi V, Jothy VB. Spectral investigations, DFT computations and molecular docking studies of the antimicrobial 5-nitroisatin dimer. Chem Phys Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2015.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
42
|
Sánchez-Vallet A, Mesters JR, Thomma BP. The battle for chitin recognition in plant-microbe interactions. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2015; 39:171-83. [DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuu003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
|
43
|
Qin CL, Huang W, Zhou SQ, Wang XC, Liu HH, Fan MH, Wang RX, Gao P, Liao Z. Characterization of a novel antimicrobial peptide with chitin-biding domain from Mytilus coruscus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 41:362-370. [PMID: 25245621 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Using reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), a novel antimicrobial peptide with 55 amino acid residues was isolated from the hemolymph of Mytilus coruscus. This new antimicrobial peptide displays predominant antimicrobial activity against fungi and Gram-positive bacteria. The molecular mass and the N-terminal sequence of this peptide were analyzed by Mass Spectrometry and Edman degradation, respectively. This antimicrobial peptide, with molecular mass of 6621.55 Da, is characterized by a chitin-biding domain and by 6 Cysteine residues engaged in three intra-molecular disulfide bridges. The full-length of cDNA sequence of this new peptide was obtained by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) and the encoded precursor was turn out to be a chitotriosidase-like protein. Therefore, we named the precursor with mytichitin-1 and the new antimicrobial peptide (designated as mytichitin-CB) is the carboxyl-terminal part of mytichitin-1. The mRNA transcripts of mytichitin-1 are mainly detected in gonad and the expression level of mytichitin-1 in gonad was up-regulated and reached the highest level at 12 h after bacterial challenge, which was 9-fold increase compared to that of the control group. These results indicated that mytichitin-1 was involved in the host immune response against bacterial infection and might contribute to the clearance of invading bacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-li Qin
- Key Laboratory for Marine Living Resources and Molecular Engineering, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, PR China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory for Marine Living Resources and Molecular Engineering, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, PR China
| | - Shi-quan Zhou
- Laboratory of Immunogenomics, Zhoushan Hospital, Zhoushan, 316022, PR China
| | - Xin-chao Wang
- Key Laboratory for Marine Living Resources and Molecular Engineering, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, PR China
| | - Hui-hui Liu
- Key Laboratory for Marine Living Resources and Molecular Engineering, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, PR China
| | - Mei-hua Fan
- Key Laboratory for Marine Living Resources and Molecular Engineering, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, PR China
| | - Ri-xin Wang
- Key Laboratory for Marine Living Resources and Molecular Engineering, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, PR China
| | - Peng Gao
- Key Laboratory for Marine Living Resources and Molecular Engineering, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, PR China
| | - Zhi Liao
- Key Laboratory for Marine Living Resources and Molecular Engineering, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Skewes-Cox P, Sharpton TJ, Pollard KS, DeRisi JL. Profile hidden Markov models for the detection of viruses within metagenomic sequence data. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105067. [PMID: 25140992 PMCID: PMC4139300 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid, sensitive, and specific virus detection is an important component of clinical diagnostics. Massively parallel sequencing enables new diagnostic opportunities that complement traditional serological and PCR based techniques. While massively parallel sequencing promises the benefits of being more comprehensive and less biased than traditional approaches, it presents new analytical challenges, especially with respect to detection of pathogen sequences in metagenomic contexts. To a first approximation, the initial detection of viruses can be achieved simply through alignment of sequence reads or assembled contigs to a reference database of pathogen genomes with tools such as BLAST. However, recognition of highly divergent viral sequences is problematic, and may be further complicated by the inherently high mutation rates of some viral types, especially RNA viruses. In these cases, increased sensitivity may be achieved by leveraging position-specific information during the alignment process. Here, we constructed HMMER3-compatible profile hidden Markov models (profile HMMs) from all the virally annotated proteins in RefSeq in an automated fashion using a custom-built bioinformatic pipeline. We then tested the ability of these viral profile HMMs ("vFams") to accurately classify sequences as viral or non-viral. Cross-validation experiments with full-length gene sequences showed that the vFams were able to recall 91% of left-out viral test sequences without erroneously classifying any non-viral sequences into viral protein clusters. Thorough reanalysis of previously published metagenomic datasets with a set of the best-performing vFams showed that they were more sensitive than BLAST for detecting sequences originating from more distant relatives of known viruses. To facilitate the use of the vFams for rapid detection of remote viral homologs in metagenomic data, we provide two sets of vFams, comprising more than 4,000 vFams each, in the HMMER3 format. We also provide the software necessary to build custom profile HMMs or update the vFams as more viruses are discovered (http://derisilab.ucsf.edu/software/vFam).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Skewes-Cox
- Biological and Medical Informatics Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Departments of Medicine, Biochemistry and Biophysics, and Microbiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Thomas J. Sharpton
- The J. David Gladstone Institutes, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Katherine S. Pollard
- The J. David Gladstone Institutes, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Institute for Human Genetics & Division of Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Joseph L. DeRisi
- Departments of Medicine, Biochemistry and Biophysics, and Microbiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Liu X, Li J, Guo W, Li R, Zhao D, Li X. A new type I peritrophic membrane protein from larval Holotrichia oblita (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae) binds to chitin. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:6831-42. [PMID: 24758927 PMCID: PMC4013664 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15046831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Peritrophic membranes (PMs) are composed of chitin and protein. Chitin and protein play important roles in the structural formation and function of the PM. A new type I PM protein, HoCBP76, was identified from the Holotrichia oblita. HoCBP76 was shown as a 62.3 kDa protein by SDS-PAGE analysis and appeard to be associated with the PM throughout its entire length. In H. oblita larvae, the midgut is the only tissue where HoCBP76 could be detected during the feeding period of the larvae. The predicted amino acid sequence indicates that it contains seven tandem chitin binding domains belonging to the peritrophin-A family. HoCBP76 has chitin binding activity and is strongly associated with the PM. The HoCBP76 was not a mucin-like glycoprotein, and the consensus of conserved cysteines appeared to be CX13–17CX5CX9CX12CX7C. Western blot analysis showed that the abundance of HoCBP76 in the anterior, middle and posterior regions of the midgut was similar, indicating that HoCBP76 was secreted by the whole midgut epithelium, and confirmed the H. oblita PM belonged to the Type I PM. Immunolocalization analysis showed that HoCBP76 was mainly localized in the PM. The HoCBP76 is the first PM protein found in the H. oblita; however, its biochemical and physiological functions require further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Liu
- Institute of Cereal and Oil Crops, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050035, Hebei, China.
| | - Jie Li
- Shijiazhuang Development and Reform Commission, Shijiazhuang 050011, Hebei, China.
| | - Wei Guo
- Plant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China.
| | - Ruijun Li
- College of Plant Protection, Agricultural University of Hebei/Biological Control Centre of Plant Pathogens and Plant Pests of Hebei Province, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China.
| | - Dan Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Agricultural University of Hebei/Biological Control Centre of Plant Pathogens and Plant Pests of Hebei Province, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China.
| | - Xinna Li
- College of Plant Protection, Agricultural University of Hebei/Biological Control Centre of Plant Pathogens and Plant Pests of Hebei Province, Baoding 071001, Hebei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Tom M, Manfrin C, Chung SJ, Sagi A, Gerdol M, De Moro G, Pallavicini A, Giulianini PG. Expression of cytoskeletal and molt-related genes is temporally scheduled in the hypodermis of the crayfish Procambarus clarkii during premolt. J Exp Biol 2014; 217:4193-202. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.109009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The rigid crustacean exoskeleton, the cuticle, is composed of the polysaccharide chitin, structural proteins and mineral deposits. It is periodically replaced to enable growth and its construction is an energy-demanding process. Ecdysis, the shedding event of the old cuticle is preceded by a preparatory phase, termed premolt, in which the present cuticle is partially degraded and a new one is formed underneath it. Procambarus clarkii (Girard), an astacid crustacean, was used here to comprehensively examine the changing patterns of gene expression in the hypodermis underlying the cuticle of the carapace at seven time points along ~14 premolt days. Next generation sequencing was used to construct a multi-tissue P. clarkii transcript sequence assembly to be generally used in a variety of transcriptomic studies. An aimed reference transcriptome was created here for the performance of a digital transcript expression analysis, determining the gene expression profiles in each of the examined premolt stages. The analysis revealed a cascade of sequential expression events of molt-related genes involved in chitin degradation, synthesis and modification, as well as synthesis of collagen and four groups of cuticular structural genes. The novel description of major transcriptional events during premolt and determination of their timing provide temporal markers for future studies of molt progress and regulation. The peaks of expression of the molt-related genes were preceded by expression peaks of cytoskeletal genes hypothesized to be essential for premolt progress by regulating protein synthesis and/or transport probably by remodeling the cytoskeletal structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moshe Tom
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Israel
| | | | - Sook J. Chung
- University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, USA
| | - Amir Sagi
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Fujimoto Z, Tateno H, Hirabayashi J. Lectin structures: classification based on the 3-D structures. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1200:579-606. [PMID: 25117265 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1292-6_46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Recent progress in structural biology has elucidated the three-dimensional structures and carbohydrate-binding mechanisms of most lectin families. Lectins are classified into 48 families based on their three-dimensional structures. A ribbon drawing gallery of the crystal and solution structures of representative lectins or lectin-like proteins is appended and may help to convey the diversity of lectin families, the similarity and differences between lectin families, as well as the carbohydrate-binding architectures of lectins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zui Fujimoto
- Biomolecular Research Unit, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, 305-8602, Japan,
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Guyon F, Tufféry P. Fast protein fragment similarity scoring using a Binet-Cauchy kernel. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 30:784-91. [PMID: 24167157 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btt618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
MOTIVATION Meaningful scores to assess protein structure similarity are essential to decipher protein structure and sequence evolution. The mining of the increasing number of protein structures requires fast and accurate similarity measures with statistical significance. Whereas numerous approaches have been proposed for protein domains as a whole, the focus is progressively moving to a more local level of structure analysis for which similarity measurement still remains without any satisfactory answer. RESULTS We introduce a new score based on Binet-Cauchy kernel. It is normalized and bounded between 1-maximal similarity that implies exactly the same conformations for protein fragments-and -1-mirror image conformations, the unrelated conformations having a null mean score. This allows for the search of both similar and mirror conformations. In addition, such score addresses two major issue of the widely used root mean square deviation (RMSD). First, it achieves length independent statistics even for short fragments. Second, it shows better performance in the discrimination of medium range RMSD values. Being simpler and faster to compute than the RMSD, it also provides the means for large-scale mining of protein structures. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION The computer software implementing the score is available at http://bioserv.rpbs.univ-paris-diderot.fr/BCscore/ CONTACT frederic.guyon@univ-paris-diderot.fr SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Guyon
- Univ Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Molécules Thérapeutiques in Silico, UMR 973, F-75205 Paris, France, INSERM, U973, F-75205 Paris, France and Univ Paris Diderot, Ressources Parisiennes de Bioinformatique Structurale, F-75205 Paris, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Miyamoto H, Endo H, Hashimoto N, limura K, Isowa Y, Kinoshita S, Kotaki T, Masaoka T, Miki T, Nakayama S, Nogawa C, Notazawa A, Ohmori F, Sarashina I, Suzuki M, Takagi R, Takahashi J, Takeuchi T, Yokoo N, Satoh N, Toyohara H, Miyashita T, Wada H, Samata T, Endo K, Nagasawa H, Asakawa S, Watabe S. The Diversity of Shell Matrix Proteins: Genome-Wide Investigation of the Pearl Oyster, Pinctada fucata. Zoolog Sci 2013; 30:801-16. [DOI: 10.2108/zsj.30.801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Miyamoto
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kinki University, 930 Nishimitani, Kinokawa, Wakayama 649-6493, Japan
| | - Hirotoshi Endo
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Naoki Hashimoto
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Kurin limura
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yukinobu Isowa
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Shigeharu Kinoshita
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kotaki
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, The Graduate School of Environmental Health Sciences, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Tetsuji Masaoka
- National Research Institute of Aquaculture, Fisheries Research Agency, 422-1, Hiruta, Tamaki, Mie 519-0423, Japan
| | - Takumi Miki
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Seiji Nakayama
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Chihiro Nogawa
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, The Graduate School of Environmental Health Sciences, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Atsuto Notazawa
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, The Graduate School of Environmental Health Sciences, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Fumito Ohmori
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Isao Sarashina
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Michio Suzuki
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ryousuke Takagi
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kinki University, 930 Nishimitani, Kinokawa, Wakayama 649-6493, Japan
| | - Jun Takahashi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Takeshi Takeuchi
- Marine Genomics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Naoki Yokoo
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Nori Satoh
- Marine Genomics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Toyohara
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Miyashita
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kinki University, 930 Nishimitani, Kinokawa, Wakayama 649-6493, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Wada
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Samata
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, The Graduate School of Environmental Health Sciences, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Endo
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Nagasawa
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Shuichi Asakawa
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Shugo Watabe
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Suzuki M, Iwashima A, Kimura M, Kogure T, Nagasawa H. The molecular evolution of the pif family proteins in various species of mollusks. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2013; 15:145-58. [PMID: 22847736 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-012-9471-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2012] [Accepted: 06/30/2012] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Various novel proteins have been identified from many kinds of mollusk shells. Although such matrix proteins are believed to play important roles in the calcium carbonate crystal formation of shells, no common proteins that interact with calcium carbonate or that are involved in the molecular mechanisms behind shell formation have been identified. Pif consists of two proteins, Pif 80 and Pif 97, which are encoded by a single mRNA. Pif 80 was identified as a key acidic protein that regulates the formation of the nacreous layer in Pinctada fucata, while Pif 97 has von Willebrand factor type A (VWA) and chitin-binding domains. In this study, we identified Pif homologues from Pinctada margaritifera, Pinctada maxima, Pteria penguin, Mytilus galloprovincialis, and in the genome database of Lottia gigantea in order to compare their primary protein sequences. The VWA and chitin-binding domains are conserved in all Pif 97 homologues, whereas the amino acid sequences of the Pif 80 regions differ markedly among the species. Sequence alignment revealed the presence of a novel significantly conserved sequence between the chitin-binding domain and the C-terminus of Pif 97. Further examination of the Pif 80 regions suggested that they share a sequence that is similar to the laminin G domain. These results indicate that all Pif molecules in bivalves and gastropods may be derived from a common ancestral gene. These comparisons may shed light on the correlation between molecular evolution and morphology in mollusk shell microstructure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michio Suzuki
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|