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Liu Y, Xie M, Zhou Y, Che L, Zhang B. Interleukin-17 receptor D is a favorable biomarker of glioblastoma. J Neurosurg Sci 2024; 68:320-326. [PMID: 35380198 DOI: 10.23736/s0390-5616.22.05552-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most frequent glioma in adults. The prognosis of GBM is very poor and new prognostic biomarkers are in urgent need to better select high-risk patients and guide the individual treatments. METHODS In our study, we compared the expression of interleukin-17 receptor D (IL17RD) between GBMs and normal tissues from TCGA database, and detected IL17RD mRNA in 17 fresh GBM pairs with qPCR. With immunohistochemistry, we investigated the expression of IL17RD in 156 GBM tissues and further evaluated its clinical significance. The associations between IL17RD and clinicopathological factors were assessed by Chi-square test. The prognostic significance of IL17RD was evaluated by univariate analysis with Kaplan-Meier method, and by multivariate analysis with Cox-regression Hazard model. RESULTS The TPMs and mRNAs of IL17RD in GBM were substantially lower than those in normal brain tissues. The rates of low or high expression of IL17RD accounted for 41.67% and 58.33% respectively. IL17RD was significantly associated with higher survival rates of GBM. The 3-year overall survival rates of patients with low and high IL17RD were 7.2% and 19.5% respectively. In the Cox-regression model, the IL17RD expression was defined as an independent prognostic biomarker of GBM. Patients with high IL17RD expression had a more favorable outcome than those with low IL17RD. CONCLUSIONS High IL17RD expression was an independent prognostic indicator of GBM, suggesting a more favorable prognosis. Our results suggested that IL17RD detection may help find the high-risk patients which may receive more severe surveillance and more individual treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Suizhou Hospital, HuBei University of Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Suizhou, China
| | - Mingshui Xie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Suizhou Hospital, HuBei University of Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Suizhou, China
| | - Ye Zhou
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Weifang Central Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Lili Che
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Weifang Central Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Taian Municipal Hospital, Taian, China -
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2
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Pande S, Vary C, Yang X, Liaw L, Gower L, Friesel R, Prudovsky I, Ryzhov S. Endothelial IL17RD promotes Western diet-induced aortic myeloid cell infiltration. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 701:149552. [PMID: 38335918 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.149552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The Interleukin-17 (IL17) family is a group of cytokines implicated in the etiology of several inflammatory diseases. Interleukin-17 receptor D (IL17RD), also known as Sef (similar expression to fibroblast growth factor) belonging to the family of IL17 receptors, has been shown to modulate IL17A-associated inflammatory phenotypes. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that IL17RD promotes endothelial cell activation and consequent leukocyte adhesion. We utilized primary human aortic endothelial cells and demonstrated that RNAi targeting of IL17RD suppressed transcript levels by 83 % compared to non-targeted controls. Further, RNAi knockdown of IL17RD decreased the adhesion of THP-1 monocytic cells onto a monolayer of aortic endothelial cells in response to IL17A. Additionally, we determined that IL17A did not significantly enhance the activation of canonical MAPK and NFκB pathways in endothelial cells, and further did not significantly affect the expression of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 in aortic endothelial cells, which is contrary to previous findings. We also determined the functional relevance of our findings in vivo by comparing the expression of endothelial VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 and leukocyte infiltration in the aorta in Western diet-fed Il17rd null versus wild-type mice. Our results showed that although Il17rd null mice do not have significant alteration in aortic expression of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 in endothelial cells, they exhibit decreased accumulation of proinflammatory monocytes and neutrophils, suggesting that endothelial IL17RD induced in vivo myeloid cell accumulation is not dependent on upregulation of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 expression. We further performed proteomics analysis to identify potential molecular mediators of the IL17A/IL17RD signaling axis. Collectively, our results underscore a critical role for Il17rd in the regulation of aortic myeloid cell infiltration in the context of Western diet feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivangi Pande
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research, MaineHealth, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME, 04074, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04496, USA
| | - Calvin Vary
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research, MaineHealth, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME, 04074, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04496, USA
| | - Xuehui Yang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research, MaineHealth, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME, 04074, USA
| | - Lucy Liaw
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research, MaineHealth, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME, 04074, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04496, USA
| | - Lindsey Gower
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research, MaineHealth, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME, 04074, USA
| | - Robert Friesel
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research, MaineHealth, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME, 04074, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04496, USA.
| | - Igor Prudovsky
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research, MaineHealth, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME, 04074, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04496, USA.
| | - Sergey Ryzhov
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research, MaineHealth, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME, 04074, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04496, USA.
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3
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Shirakihara T, Yamaguchi H, Kondo T, Yashiro M, Sakai R. Transferrin receptor 1 promotes the fibroblast growth factor receptor-mediated oncogenic potential of diffused-type gastric cancer. Oncogene 2022; 41:2587-2596. [PMID: 35338344 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02270-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diffuse-type gastric cancer (DGC) is a highly invasive subtype of gastric adenocarcinoma that frequently exhibits scattered peritoneal metastasis. Previous studies have shown that the genes of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), such as fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) or Met, are amplified in some DGC cell lines, leading to the constitutive activation of corresponding RTKs. In these cell lines, the survival of cancer cells appears to be dependent on the activation of RTKs. To gain novel insights into the downstream signaling pathways of RTKs specific to DGC, phosphotyrosine-containing proteins associated with activated FGFR2 were purified through two sequential rounds of immunoprecipitation from the lysates of two DGC cell lines. As a result, transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) was identified as the binding partner of FGFR2. Biochemical analysis confirmed that TfR1 protein binds to FGFR2 and is phosphorylated at tyrosine 20 (Tyr20) in an FGFR2 kinase activity-dependent manner. The knockdown of TfR1 and treatment with an inhibitor of FGFR2 caused significant impairment in iron uptake and suppression of cellular proliferation in vitro. Moreover, the suppression of expression levels of TfR1 in the DGC cells significantly reduced their tumorigenicity and potency of peritoneal dissemination. It was indicated that TfR1, when phosphorylated by the binding partner FGFR2 in DGC cells, promotes proliferation and tumorigenicity of these cancer cells. These results suggest that the control of TfR1 function may serve as a therapeutic target in DGC with activated FGFR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Shirakihara
- Department of Biochemistry, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Hideki Yamaguchi
- Department of Cancer Cell Research, Sasaki Institute, Sasaki Foundation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Kondo
- Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masakazu Yashiro
- Molecular Oncology and Therapeutics, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Sakai
- Department of Biochemistry, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan.
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4
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Functional Roles of FGF Signaling in Early Development of Vertebrate Embryos. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082148. [PMID: 34440915 PMCID: PMC8391977 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) comprise a large family of growth factors, regulating diverse biological processes including cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Each FGF binds to a set of FGF receptors to initiate certain intracellular signaling molecules. Accumulated evidence suggests that in early development and adult state of vertebrates, FGFs also play exclusive and context dependent roles. Although FGFs have been the focus of research for therapeutic approaches in cancer, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic syndrome, in this review, we mainly focused on their role in germ layer specification and axis patterning during early vertebrate embryogenesis. We discussed the functional roles of FGFs and their interacting partners as part of the gene regulatory network for germ layer specification, dorsal-ventral (DV), and anterior-posterior (AP) patterning. Finally, we briefly reviewed the regulatory molecules and pharmacological agents discovered that may allow modulation of FGF signaling in research.
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5
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Margiotta A. All Good Things Must End: Termination of Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Signal. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126342. [PMID: 34198477 PMCID: PMC8231876 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are membrane receptors that regulate many fundamental cellular processes. A tight regulation of RTK signaling is fundamental for development and survival, and an altered signaling by RTKs can cause cancer. RTKs are localized at the plasma membrane (PM) and the major regulatory mechanism of signaling of RTKs is their endocytosis and degradation. In fact, RTKs at the cell surface bind ligands with their extracellular domain, become active, and are rapidly internalized where the temporal extent of signaling, attenuation, and downregulation are modulated. However, other mechanisms of signal attenuation and termination are known. Indeed, inhibition of RTKs’ activity may occur through the modulation of the phosphorylation state of RTKs and the interaction with specific proteins, whereas antagonist ligands can inhibit the biological responses mediated by the receptor. Another mechanism concerns the expression of endogenous inactive receptor variants that are deficient in RTK activity and take part to inactive heterodimers or hetero-oligomers. The downregulation of RTK signals is fundamental for several cellular functions and the homeostasis of the cell. Here, we will review the mechanisms of signal attenuation and termination of RTKs, focusing on FGFRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azzurra Margiotta
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic;
- International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital, 65691 Brno, Czech Republic
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6
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Pudewell S, Wittich C, Kazemein Jasemi NS, Bazgir F, Ahmadian MR. Accessory proteins of the RAS-MAPK pathway: moving from the side line to the front line. Commun Biol 2021; 4:696. [PMID: 34103645 PMCID: PMC8187363 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02149-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Health and disease are directly related to the RTK-RAS-MAPK signalling cascade. After more than three decades of intensive research, understanding its spatiotemporal features is afflicted with major conceptual shortcomings. Here we consider how the compilation of a vast array of accessory proteins may resolve some parts of the puzzles in this field, as they safeguard the strength, efficiency and specificity of signal transduction. Targeting such modulators, rather than the constituent components of the RTK-RAS-MAPK signalling cascade may attenuate rather than inhibit disease-relevant signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Pudewell
- grid.411327.20000 0001 2176 9917Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christoph Wittich
- grid.411327.20000 0001 2176 9917Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Neda S. Kazemein Jasemi
- grid.411327.20000 0001 2176 9917Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Farhad Bazgir
- grid.411327.20000 0001 2176 9917Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mohammad R. Ahmadian
- grid.411327.20000 0001 2176 9917Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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7
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Szybowska P, Kostas M, Wesche J, Haugsten EM, Wiedlocha A. Negative Regulation of FGFR (Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor) Signaling. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061342. [PMID: 34071546 PMCID: PMC8226934 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
FGFR (fibroblast growth factor receptor) signaling controls fundamental processes in embryonic, fetal and adult human life. The magnitude, duration, and location of FGFR signaling must be strictly controlled in order to induce the correct biological response. Uncontrolled receptor signaling has been shown to lead to a variety of diseases, such as skeletal disorders and cancer. Here we review the numerous cellular mechanisms that regulate and turn off FGFR signaling, once the receptor is activated. These mechanisms include endocytosis and endocytic sorting, phosphatase activity, negative regulatory proteins and negative feedback phosphorylation events. The mechanisms act together simultaneously or sequentially, controlling the same or different steps in FGFR signaling. Although more work is needed to fully understand the regulation of FGFR signaling, it is clear that the cells in our body have evolved an extensive repertoire of mechanisms that together keep FGFR signaling tightly controlled and prevent excess FGFR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Szybowska
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0379 Oslo, Norway; (P.S.); (M.K.); (J.W.)
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Montebello, 0379 Oslo, Norway
| | - Michal Kostas
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0379 Oslo, Norway; (P.S.); (M.K.); (J.W.)
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Montebello, 0379 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jørgen Wesche
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0379 Oslo, Norway; (P.S.); (M.K.); (J.W.)
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Montebello, 0379 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ellen Margrethe Haugsten
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0379 Oslo, Norway; (P.S.); (M.K.); (J.W.)
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Montebello, 0379 Oslo, Norway
- Correspondence: (E.M.H.); (A.W.); Tel.: +47-2278-1785 (E.M.H.); +47-2278-1930 (A.W.)
| | - Antoni Wiedlocha
- Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Montebello, 0379 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, 0379 Oslo, Norway
- Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 01-163 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (E.M.H.); (A.W.); Tel.: +47-2278-1785 (E.M.H.); +47-2278-1930 (A.W.)
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8
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Girondel C, Meloche S. Interleukin-17 Receptor D in Physiology, Inflammation and Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:656004. [PMID: 33833999 PMCID: PMC8021910 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.656004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-17 receptor D (IL-17RD) is an evolutionarily conserved member of the IL-17 receptor family. Originally identified as a negative regulator of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling under the name of Sef (Similar expression to FGF genes), IL-17RD was subsequently reported to regulate other receptor tyrosine kinase signaling pathways. In addition, recent studies have shown that IL-17RD also modulates IL-17 and Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling. Combined genetic and cell biology studies have implicated IL-17RD in the control of cell proliferation and differentiation, cell survival, lineage specification, and inflammation. Accumulating evidence also suggest a role for IL-17RD in tumorigenesis. Expression of IL-17RD is down-regulated in various human cancers and recent work has shown that loss of IL-17RD promotes tumor formation in mice. However, the exact mechanisms underlying the tumor suppressor function of IL-17RD remain unclear and some studies have proposed that IL-17RD may exert pro-tumorigenic effects in certain contexts. Here, we provide an overview of the signaling functions of IL-17RD and review the evidence for its involvement in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Girondel
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sylvain Meloche
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Molecular Biology Program, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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9
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RIPK3 modulates growth factor receptor expression in endothelial cells to support angiogenesis. Angiogenesis 2021; 24:519-531. [PMID: 33449298 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-020-09763-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) is a multifunctional intracellular protein that was first recognized as an important component of the necroptosis programmed cell death pathway. RIPK3 is also highly expressed in non-necroptotic murine embryonic endothelial cells (ECs) during vascular development, indicating its potential contribution to angiogenesis. To test this hypothesis, we generated mice lacking endothelial RIPK3 and found non-lethal embryonic and perinatal angiogenesis defects in multiple vascular beds. Our in vitro data indicate that RIPK3 supports angiogenesis by regulating growth factor receptor degradation in ECs. We found that RIPK3 interacted with the membrane trafficking protein myoferlin to sustain expression of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) in cultured ECs following vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) stimulation. Restoration of myoferlin, which was diminished after RIPK3 knockdown, rescued decreased VEGFR2 expression and vascular sprouting in RIPK3-deficient ECs after VEGFA treatment. In addition, we found that RIPK3 modulated expression of genes involved in endothelial identity by inhibiting ERK signaling independently of growth factor receptor turnover. Altogether, our data reveal unexpected non-necroptotic roles for RIPK3 in ECs and evidence that RIPK3 promotes developmental angiogenesis in vivo.
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10
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Pande S, Yang X, Friesel R. Interleukin-17 receptor D (Sef) is a multi-functional regulator of cell signaling. Cell Commun Signal 2021; 19:6. [PMID: 33436016 PMCID: PMC7805053 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00695-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-17 receptor D (IL17RD or IL-17RD) also known as Sef (similar expression to fibroblast growth factor), is a single pass transmembrane protein that is reported to regulate several signaling pathways
. IL17RD was initially described as a feedback inhibitor of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling during zebrafish and frog development. It was subsequently determined to regulate other receptor tyrosine kinase signaling cascades as well as several proinflammatory signaling pathways including Interleukin-17A (IL17A), Toll-like receptors (TLR) and Interleukin-1α (IL1α) in several vertebrate species including humans. This review will provide an overview of IL17RD regulation of signaling pathways and functions with emphasis on regulation of development and pathobiological conditions. We will also discuss gaps in our knowledge about IL17RD function to provide insight into opportunities for future investigation. Video Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivangi Pande
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME, 04074, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04496, USA
| | - Xuehui Yang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME, 04074, USA
| | - Robert Friesel
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME, 04074, USA. .,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, 04496, USA.
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11
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Loss of interleukin-17 receptor D promotes chronic inflammation-associated tumorigenesis. Oncogene 2020; 40:452-464. [PMID: 33177649 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01540-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-17 receptor D (IL-17RD), also known as similar expression to Fgf genes (SEF), is proposed to act as a signaling hub that negatively regulates mitogenic signaling pathways, like the ERK1/2 MAP kinase pathway, and innate immune signaling. The expression of IL-17RD is downregulated in certain solid tumors, which has led to the hypothesis that it may exert tumor suppressor functions. However, the role of IL-17RD in tumor biology remains to be studied in vivo. Here, we show that genetic disruption of Il17rd leads to the increased formation of spontaneous tumors in multiple tissues of aging mice. Loss of IL-17RD also promotes tumor development in a model of colitis-associated colorectal cancer, associated with an exacerbated inflammatory response. Colon tumors from IL-17RD-deficient mice are characterized by a strong enrichment in inflammation-related gene signatures, elevated expression of pro-inflammatory tumorigenic cytokines, such as IL-17A and IL-6, and increased STAT3 tyrosine phosphorylation. We further show that RNAi depletion of IL-17RD enhances Toll-like receptor and IL-17A signaling in colon adenocarcinoma cells. No change in the proliferation of normal or tumor intestinal epithelial cells was observed upon genetic inactivation of IL-17RD. Our findings establish IL-17RD as a tumor suppressor in mice and suggest that the protein exerts its function mainly by limiting the extent and duration of inflammation.
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12
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Giacomini A, Grillo E, Rezzola S, Ribatti D, Rusnati M, Ronca R, Presta M. The FGF/FGFR system in the physiopathology of the prostate gland. Physiol Rev 2020; 101:569-610. [PMID: 32730114 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00005.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) are a family of proteins possessing paracrine, autocrine, or endocrine functions in a variety of biological processes, including embryonic development, angiogenesis, tissue homeostasis, wound repair, and cancer. Canonical FGFs bind and activate tyrosine kinase FGF receptors (FGFRs), triggering intracellular signaling cascades that mediate their biological activity. Experimental evidence indicates that FGFs play a complex role in the physiopathology of the prostate gland that ranges from essential functions during embryonic development to modulation of neoplastic transformation. The use of ligand- and receptor-deleted mouse models has highlighted the requirement for FGF signaling in the normal development of the prostate gland. In adult prostate, the maintenance of a functional FGF/FGFR signaling axis is critical for organ homeostasis and function, as its disruption leads to prostate hyperplasia and may contribute to cancer progression and metastatic dissemination. Dissection of the molecular landscape modulated by the FGF family will facilitate ongoing translational efforts directed toward prostate cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Giacomini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy; and Italian Consortium for Biotechnology, Unit of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Grillo
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy; and Italian Consortium for Biotechnology, Unit of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Sara Rezzola
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy; and Italian Consortium for Biotechnology, Unit of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy; and Italian Consortium for Biotechnology, Unit of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Rusnati
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy; and Italian Consortium for Biotechnology, Unit of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberto Ronca
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy; and Italian Consortium for Biotechnology, Unit of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Presta
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences, and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy; and Italian Consortium for Biotechnology, Unit of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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13
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Sobhani N, Fan C, O. Flores-Villanueva P, Generali D, Li Y. The Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptors in Breast Cancer: from Oncogenesis to Better Treatments. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2011. [PMID: 32188012 PMCID: PMC7139621 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequent form of malignancy and second only to lung cancer as cause of deaths in women. Notwithstanding many progresses made in the field, metastatic BC has a very poor prognosis. As therapies are becoming more personalized to meet the needs of patients, a better knowledge of the molecular biology leading to the disease unfolds the possibility to project more precise compounds or antibodies targeting definite alteration at the molecular level and functioning on such cancer-causing molecules expressed in cancer cells of patients, or present as antigens on the surface of cancer cell membranes. Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) is one of such druggable targets, activated by its own ligands -namely the Fibroblast Growth Factors (FGFs). This pathway provides a vast range of interesting molecular targets pursued at different levels of clinical investigation. Herein we provide an update on the knowledge of genetic alterations of the receptors in breast cancer, their role in tumorigenesis and the most recent drugs against this particular receptor for the treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navid Sobhani
- Section of Epidemiology and Population Science, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.F.); (P.O.F.-V.)
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Hospital, Strada Di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Chunmei Fan
- Section of Epidemiology and Population Science, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.F.); (P.O.F.-V.)
| | - Pedro O. Flores-Villanueva
- Section of Epidemiology and Population Science, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.F.); (P.O.F.-V.)
| | - Daniele Generali
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Hospital, Strada Di Fiume 447, 34149 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Yong Li
- Section of Epidemiology and Population Science, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.F.); (P.O.F.-V.)
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14
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Peng DH, Kundu ST, Fradette JJ, Diao L, Tong P, Byers LA, Wang J, Canales JR, Villalobos PA, Mino B, Yang Y, Minelli R, Peoples MD, Bristow CA, Heffernan TP, Carugo A, Wistuba II, Gibbons DL. ZEB1 suppression sensitizes KRAS mutant cancers to MEK inhibition by an IL17RD-dependent mechanism. Sci Transl Med 2020; 11:11/483/eaaq1238. [PMID: 30867319 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaq1238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase (MEK) inhibitors have failed to show clinical benefit in Kirsten rat sarcoma (KRAS) mutant lung cancer due to various resistance mechanisms. To identify differential therapeutic sensitivities between epithelial and mesenchymal lung tumors, we performed in vivo small hairpin RNA screens, proteomic profiling, and analysis of patient tumor datasets, which revealed an inverse correlation between mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling dependency and a zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1)-regulated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Mechanistic studies determined that MAPK signaling dependency in epithelial lung cancer cells is due to the scaffold protein interleukin-17 receptor D (IL17RD), which is directly repressed by ZEB1. Lung tumors in multiple Kras mutant murine models with increased ZEB1 displayed low IL17RD expression, accompanied by MAPK-independent tumor growth and therapeutic resistance to MEK inhibition. Suppression of ZEB1 function with miR-200 expression or the histone deacetylase inhibitor mocetinostat sensitized resistant cancer cells to MEK inhibition and markedly reduced in vivo tumor growth, showing a promising combinatorial treatment strategy for KRAS mutant cancers. In human lung tumor samples, high ZEB1 and low IL17RD expression correlated with low MAPK signaling, presenting potential markers that predict patient response to MEK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Peng
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Samrat T Kundu
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jared J Fradette
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lixia Diao
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Pan Tong
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lauren A Byers
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jaime Rodriguez Canales
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Pamela A Villalobos
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Barbara Mino
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yanan Yang
- Thoracic Disease Research Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cancer Center and College of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Rosalba Minelli
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael D Peoples
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Institute for Applied Cancer Science, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Christopher A Bristow
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Institute for Applied Cancer Science, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Timothy P Heffernan
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Institute for Applied Cancer Science, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Alessandro Carugo
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Institute for Applied Cancer Science, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ignacio I Wistuba
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Don L Gibbons
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA. .,Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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15
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Zaballos MA, Acuña-Ruiz A, Morante M, Crespo P, Santisteban P. Regulators of the RAS-ERK pathway as therapeutic targets in thyroid cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2019; 26:R319-R344. [PMID: 30978703 DOI: 10.1530/erc-19-0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is mostly an ERK-driven carcinoma, as up to 70% of thyroid carcinomas are caused by mutations that activate the RAS/ERK mitogenic signaling pathway. The incidence of thyroid cancer has been steadily increasing for the last four decades; yet, there is still no effective treatment for advanced thyroid carcinomas. Current research efforts are focused on impairing ERK signaling with small-molecule inhibitors, mainly at the level of BRAF and MEK. However, despite initial promising results in animal models, the clinical success of these inhibitors has been limited by the emergence of tumor resistance and relapse. The RAS/ERK pathway is an extremely complex signaling cascade with multiple points of control, offering many potential therapeutic targets: from the modulatory proteins regulating the activation state of RAS proteins to the scaffolding proteins of the pathway that provide spatial specificity to the signals, and finally, the negative feedbacks and phosphatases responsible for inactivating the pathway. The aim of this review is to give an overview of the biology of RAS/ERK regulators in human cancer highlighting relevant information on thyroid cancer and future areas of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Zaballos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols', Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrián Acuña-Ruiz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols', Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Morante
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Piero Crespo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Pilar Santisteban
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols', Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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16
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Cross-Talk between Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptors and Other Cell Surface Proteins. Cells 2019; 8:cells8050455. [PMID: 31091809 PMCID: PMC6562592 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their receptors (FGFRs) constitute signaling circuits that transmit signals across the plasma membrane, regulating pivotal cellular processes like differentiation, migration, proliferation, and apoptosis. The malfunction of FGFs/FGFRs signaling axis is observed in numerous developmental and metabolic disorders, and in various tumors. The large diversity of FGFs/FGFRs functions is attributed to a great complexity in the regulation of FGFs/FGFRs-dependent signaling cascades. The function of FGFRs is modulated at several levels, including gene expression, alternative splicing, posttranslational modifications, and protein trafficking. One of the emerging ways to adjust FGFRs activity is through formation of complexes with other integral proteins of the cell membrane. These proteins may act as coreceptors, modulating binding of FGFs to FGFRs and defining specificity of elicited cellular response. FGFRs may interact with other cell surface receptors, like G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) or receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). The cross-talk between various receptors modulates the strength and specificity of intracellular signaling and cell fate. At the cell surface FGFRs can assemble into large complexes involving various cell adhesion molecules (CAMs). The interplay between FGFRs and CAMs affects cell–cell interaction and motility and is especially important for development of the central nervous system. This review summarizes current stage of knowledge about the regulation of FGFRs by the plasma membrane-embedded partner proteins and highlights the importance of FGFRs-containing membrane complexes in pathological conditions, including cancer.
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17
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Crosstalk between p38 and Erk 1/2 in Downregulation of FGF1-Induced Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081826. [PMID: 31013829 PMCID: PMC6514807 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK): Erk1 and Erk2 are key players in negative-feedback regulation of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling. Upon activation, Erk1 and Erk2 directly phosphorylate FGF receptor 1 (FGFR1) at a specific serine residue in the C-terminal part of the receptor, substantially reducing the tyrosine phosphorylation in the receptor kinase domain and its signaling. Similarly, active Erks can also phosphorylate multiple threonine residues in the docking protein FGF receptor substrate 2 (FRS2), a major mediator of FGFR signaling. Here, we demonstrate that in NIH3T3 mouse fibroblasts and human osteosarcoma U2OS cells stably expressing FGFR1, in addition to Erk1 and Erk2, p38 kinase is able to phosphorylate FRS2. Simultaneous inhibition of Erk1/2 and p38 kinase led to a significant change in the phosphorylation pattern of FRS2 that in turn resulted in prolonged tyrosine phosphorylation of FGFR1 and FRS2 and in sustained signaling, as compared to the selective inhibition of Erks. Furthermore, excessive activation of p38 with anisomycin partially compensated the lack of Erks activity. These experiments reveal a novel crosstalk between p38 and Erk1/2 in downregulation of FGF-induced signaling.
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18
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Tomé M, Tchorz J, Gassmann M, Bettler B. Constitutive activation of Notch2 signalling confers chemoresistance to neural stem cells via transactivation of fibroblast growth factor receptor-1. Stem Cell Res 2019; 35:101390. [PMID: 30763736 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2019.101390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch signalling regulates neural stem cell (NSC) proliferation, differentiation and survival for the correct development and functioning of the central nervous system. Overactive Notch2 signalling has been associated with poor prognosis of aggressive brain tumours, such as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). We recently reported that constitutive expression of the Notch2 intracellular domain (N2ICD) enhances proliferation and gliogenesis in NSCs. Here, we investigated the mechanism by which Notch2 promotes resistance to apoptosis of NSCs to cytotoxic insults. We performed ex vivo studies using NSC cultures from transgenic mice constitutively expressing N2ICD. These NSCs expressed increased levels of pro-survival factors and lack an apoptotic response to the topoisomerase inhibitor etoposide, not showing neither mitochondrial damage nor caspase activation. Interestingly, Notch2 signalling also regulated chemoresistance of human GBM cells to etoposide. We also identified a signalling crosstalk with FGF signalling pathway involved in this resistance to apoptosis of NSCs. Aberrant Notch2 expression enhances fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 (FGFR1) activity to specifically target the AKT-GSK3 signalling pathway to block apoptosis. These results have implications for understanding molecular changes involved in both tumorigenesis and therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Tomé
- Department of Biomedicine, Pharmazentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Jan Tchorz
- Department of Biomedicine, Pharmazentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Gassmann
- Department of Biomedicine, Pharmazentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Bettler
- Department of Biomedicine, Pharmazentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
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19
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Abstract
The MAPK pathway is a prominent intracellular signaling pathway regulating various intracellular functions. Components of this pathway are mutated in a related collection of congenital syndromes collectively referred to as neuro-cardio-facio-cutaneous syndromes (NCFC) or Rasopathies. Recently, it has been appreciated that these disorders are associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). In addition, idiopathic ASD has also implicated the MAPK signaling cascade as a common pathway that is affected by many of the genetic variants that have been found to be linked to ASDs. This chapter describes the components of the MAPK pathway and how it is regulated. Furthermore, this chapter will highlight the various functions of the MAPK pathway during both embryonic development of the central nervous system (CNS) and its roles in neuronal physiology and ultimately, behavior. Finally, we will summarize the perturbations to MAPK signaling in various models of autism spectrum disorders and Rasopathies to highlight how dysregulation of this pivotal pathway may contribute to the pathogenesis of autism.
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20
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Recent developments and advances of FGFR as a potential target in cancer. Future Med Chem 2018; 10:2109-2126. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2018-0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
FGFs and their receptors (FGFRs) are critical for many biologic processes, including angiogenesis, wound healing and tissue regeneration. Aberrations in FGFR signaling are common in cancer, making FGFRs a promising target in antitumor studies. To date, many FGFR inhibitors are being detected in clinical studies, and resistance to some inhibitors has emerged. Understanding the mechanisms of resistance is a fundamental step for further implementation of targeted therapies. In this review, we will describe the basic knowledge regarding FGF/FGFR signaling and categorize the clinical FGFR inhibitors. The mechanisms of resistance to FGFR inhibitors and corresponding strategies of overcoming drug resistance will also be discussed.
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21
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Current Status of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor-Targeted Therapies in Breast Cancer. Cells 2018; 7:cells7070076. [PMID: 30011957 PMCID: PMC6071019 DOI: 10.3390/cells7070076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy and second only to lung cancer in terms of mortality in women. Despite the incredible progress made in this field, metastatic breast cancer has a poor prognosis. In an era of personalized medicine, there is an urgent need for better knowledge of the biology leading to the disease, which can lead to the design of increasingly accurate drugs against patients' specific molecular aberrations. Among one of the actionable targets is the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) pathway, triggered by specific ligands. The Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptors/Fibroblast Growth Factors (FGFRs/FGFs) axis offers interesting molecular targets to be pursued in clinical development. This mini-review will focus on the current knowledge of FGFR mutations, which lead to tumor formation and summarizes the state-of-the-art therapeutic strategies for targeted treatments against the FGFRs/FGFs axis in the context of BC.
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22
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Zhao G, Bailey CG, Feng Y, Rasko J, Lovicu FJ. Negative regulation of lens fiber cell differentiation by RTK antagonists Spry and Spred. Exp Eye Res 2018; 170:148-159. [PMID: 29501879 PMCID: PMC5924633 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2018.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Sprouty (Spry) and Spred proteins have been identified as closely related negative regulators of the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)-mediated MAPK pathway, inhibiting cellular proliferation, migration and differentiation in many systems. As the different members of this antagonist family are strongly expressed in the lens epithelium in overlapping patterns, in this study we used lens epithelial explants to examine the impact of these different antagonists on the morphologic and molecular changes associated with fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-induced lens fiber differentiation. Cells in lens epithelial explants were transfected using different approaches to overexpress the different Spry (Spry1, Spry2) and Spred (Spred1, Spred2, Spred3) members, and we compared their ability to undergo FGF-induced fiber differentiation. In cells overexpressing any of the antagonists, the propensity for FGF-induced cell elongation was significantly reduced, indicative of a block to lens fiber differentiation. Of these antagonists, Spry1 and Spred2 appeared to be the most potent among their respective family members, demonstrating the greatest block in FGF-induced fiber differentiation based on the percentage of cells that failed to elongate. Consistent with the reported activity of Spry and Spred, we show that overexpression of Spry2 was able to suppress FGF-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation in lens cells, as well as the ERK1/2-dependent fiber-specific marker Prox1, but not the accumulation of β-crystallins. Taken together, Spry and Spred proteins that are predominantly expressed in the lens epithelium in situ, appear to have overlapping effects on negatively regulating ERK1/2-signaling associated with FGF-induced lens epithelial cell elongation leading to fiber differentiation. This highlights the important regulatory role for these RTK antagonists in establishing and maintaining the distinct architecture and polarity of the lens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guannan Zhao
- Discipline of Anatomy and Histology, Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Charles G Bailey
- Gene & Stem Cell Therapy Program, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yue Feng
- Gene & Stem Cell Therapy Program, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - John Rasko
- Gene & Stem Cell Therapy Program, Centenary Institute, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Cell & Molecular Therapies, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Frank J Lovicu
- Discipline of Anatomy and Histology, Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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23
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Zhou W, Du X, Song F, Zheng H, Chen K, Zhang W, Yang J. Prognostic roles for fibroblast growth factor receptor family members in malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor. Oncotarget 2017; 7:22234-44. [PMID: 26993773 PMCID: PMC5008358 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST) are rare, highly malignant, and poorly understood sarcomas. The often poor outcome of MPNST highlights the necessity of identifying prognostic predictors for this aggressive sarcoma. Here, we investigate the role of fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) family members in human MPNSTs. Results aCGH and bioinformatics analysis identified frequent amplification of the FGFR1 gene. FISH analysis revealed that 26.9% MPNST samples had amplification of FGFR1, with both focal and polysomy patterns observed. IHC identified that FGFR1 protein expression was positively correlated with FGFR1 gene amplification. High expression of FGFR1 protein was associated with better overall survival (OS) and was an independent prognostic predictor for OS of MPNST patients. Additionally, combined expression of FGFR1 and FGFR2 protein characterized a subtype of MPNST with better OS. FGFR4 protein was expressed 82.3% of MPNST samples, and was associated with poor disease-free survival. Materials and Methods We performed microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) profiling of two cohorts of primary MPNST tissue samples including 25 patients treated at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center and 26 patients from Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to validate the gene amplification detected by aCGH analysis. Another cohort of 63 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded MPNST samples (including 52 samples for FISH assay) was obtained to explore FGFR1, 2, 3, and 4 protein expression by immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis. Conclusions Our integrated genomic and molecular studies provide evidence that FGFRs play different prognostic roles in MPNST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenya Zhou
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor and Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoling Du
- Department of Diagnostics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300061, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengju Song
- National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zheng
- National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Kexin Chen
- National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, People's Republic of China.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030 USA
| | - Jilong Yang
- Department of Bone and Soft Tissue Tumor and Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
Trophic factors control cellular physiology by activating specific receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). While the over activation of RTK signaling pathways is associated with cell growth and cancer, recent findings support the concept that impaired down-regulation or deactivation of RTKs may also be a mechanism involved in tumor formation. Under this perspective, the molecular determinants of RTK signaling inhibition may act as tumor-suppressor genes and have a potential role as tumor markers to monitor and predict disease progression. Here, we review the current understanding of the physiological mechanisms that attenuate RTK signaling and discuss evidence that implicates deregulation of these events in cancer.
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25
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Neben CL, Lo M, Jura N, Klein OD. Feedback regulation of RTK signaling in development. Dev Biol 2017; 447:71-89. [PMID: 29079424 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2017.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Precise regulation of the amplitude and duration of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling is critical for the execution of cellular programs and behaviors. Understanding these control mechanisms has important implications for the field of developmental biology, and in recent years, the question of how augmentation or attenuation of RTK signaling via feedback loops modulates development has become of increasing interest. RTK feedback regulation is also important for human disease research; for example, germline mutations in genes that encode RTK signaling pathway components cause numerous human congenital syndromes, and somatic alterations contribute to the pathogenesis of diseases such as cancers. In this review, we survey regulators of RTK signaling that tune receptor activity and intracellular transduction cascades, with a focus on the roles of these genes in the developing embryo. We detail the diverse inhibitory mechanisms utilized by negative feedback regulators that, when lost or perturbed, lead to aberrant increases in RTK signaling. We also discuss recent biochemical and genetic insights into positive regulators of RTK signaling and how these proteins function in tandem with negative regulators to guide embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia L Neben
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco 94143, USA
| | - Megan Lo
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco 94143, USA; Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Natalia Jura
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Ophir D Klein
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco 94143, USA; Department of Pediatrics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco 94143, USA.
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26
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Nakamura Y. Aptamers as therapeutic middle molecules. Biochimie 2017; 145:22-33. [PMID: 29050945 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic molecules can be classified as low-, middle- and high-molecular weight drugs depending on their molecular masses. Antibodies represent high-molecular weight drugs and their clinical applications have been developing rapidly. Aptamers, on the other hand, are middle-molecular weight molecules that are short, single-stranded nucleic acid sequences that are selected in vitro from large oligonucleotide libraries based on their high affinity to a target molecule. Hence, aptamers can be thought of as a nucleic acid analog to antibodies. However, several viewpoints hold that the potential of aptamers arises from interesting characteristics that are distinct from, or in some cases, superior to those of antibodies. Recently, therapeutic middle molecules gain considerable attention as protein-protein interaction (PPI) inhibitors. This review summarizes the recent achievements in aptamer development in our laboratory in terms of PPI and non-PPI inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Nakamura
- The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; RIBOMIC Inc., Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-0071, Japan.
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27
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Wojciechowski MC, Mahmutovic L, Shu DY, Lovicu FJ. ERK1/2 signaling is required for the initiation but not progression of TGFβ-induced lens epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). Exp Eye Res 2017; 159:98-113. [PMID: 28365272 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGFβ) potently induces lens epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). The resultant mesenchymal cells resemble those found in plaques of human forms of subcapsular cataract. Smad signaling has long been implicated as the sole driving force of TGFβ-mediated activity. Rat lens epithelial explants were used to examine the role of the Smad-independent signaling, namely the MAPK/ERK1/2 signaling pathway, in the initiation and progression of TGFβ-induced EMT. Phase contrast microscopy was used to observe the morphological changes associated with TGFβ-induced EMT in this model, including cell elongation, cell membrane blebbing, cell loss as indicated by the area of bare capsule and capsular wrinkling. The levels of Smad2, Smad2/3 and ERK1/2 phosphorylation measured using western blotting confirmed that the addition of UO126 was sufficient in blocking all TGFβ-induced ERK1/2 activation, as well as reducing Smad signaling at 18 h. Immunofluorescent labeling and further western blotting confirmed that TGFβ-induced EMT was associated with an increase in α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and a reduction of E-cadherin at cell borders. Pre-treatment with UO126 was effective at blocking the TGFβ-induced EMT, as evidenced by a reduction of α-SMA expression and protein labeling, E-cadherin labeling at cell borders, and a reduction of cell loss, cell elongation and capsular wrinkling. Post-treatment with UO126 at 2 and 6 h after TGFβ addition was also effective at blocking EMT while post-treatment with UO126 at 24 and 48 h was not sufficient in hampering TGFβ-induced EMT. Our data implicates ERK1/2 signaling in the initiation but not the progression of TGFβ-induced EMT in rat lens epithelial cells. The tight regulation of intracellular signaling pathways such as ERK1/2 are required for the maintenance of lens epithelial cell integrity and hence tissue transparency. A greater understanding of the molecular mechanisms that drive the induction and progression of EMT in the lens will provide the basis for potential therapeutics for human cataract.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leila Mahmutovic
- Discipline of Anatomy and Histology, Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Daisy Y Shu
- Discipline of Anatomy and Histology, Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Frank J Lovicu
- Discipline of Anatomy and Histology, Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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28
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Hori S, Wadhwa K, Pisupati V, Zecchini V, Ramos-Montoya A, Warren AY, Neal DE, Gnanapragasam VJ. Loss of hSef promotes metastasis through upregulation of EMT in prostate cancer. Int J Cancer 2017; 140:1881-1887. [PMID: 28073170 PMCID: PMC5324539 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.30604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported that the negative signaling regulator Similar Expression to FGF (hSef) is downregulated in prostate cancer and its loss is associated with clinical metastasis. Here, we explored the mechanistic basis of this finding. We first confirmed our clinical observation by testing hSef manipulation in an in vivo metastasis model. hSef stable expressing cells (PC3M-hSef) or empty vector controls (PC3M-EV) were injected subcutaneously into the lateral thoracic walls of NOD-SCID gamma mice and lungs were harvested at autopsy. In this model, 6/7 PC3M-EV xenografts had definitive lung micro-metastasis whilst only 1/6 PC3M-hSef xenografts exhibited metastasis recapitulating the clinical scenario (p = 0.03). Gene expression studies revealed key perturbations in genes involved in cell motility and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) along with alterations in cognate signaling pathways. These results were validated in an EMT specific PCR array whereby hSef over-expression and silencing reciprocally altered E-Cadherin expression (p = <0.001) amongst other EMT markers. Immunohistochemistry of excised tumors from the xenografts also confirmed the effect of hSef in suppressing E-Cadherin expression at the protein level. Phosphokinase arrays further demonstrated a role for hSef in attenuating signaling of not only ERK-MAPK but also the JNK and p38 pathways as well. Taken together, these data suggest evidence that loss of hSef may be a critical event facilitating tumor dissemination of prostate cancer through alteration of EMT. Detection of downregulated hSef, along with other negative regulators, may therefore be a useful biomarker heralding a transition to a metastatic phenotype and warrants further exploration in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Hori
- Academic Urology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Uro-oncology Group, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Karan Wadhwa
- Academic Urology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Uro-oncology Group, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Venkat Pisupati
- Academic Urology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Vincent Zecchini
- Uro-oncology Group, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Antonio Ramos-Montoya
- Uro-oncology Group, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Y Warren
- Department of Pathology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David E Neal
- Uro-oncology Group, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Vincent J Gnanapragasam
- Academic Urology Group, Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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29
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Moriya N, Shibasaki S, Karasaki M, Iwasaki T. The Impact of MicroRNA-223-3p on IL-17 Receptor D Expression in Synovial Cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169702. [PMID: 28056105 PMCID: PMC5215929 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune inflammatory disease affecting joints. Elevated plasma levels of microRNA-223-3p (miR-223-3p) in patients with RA are implicated in the pathogenesis of the disease. This study aimed to analyze the functional role of miR-223-3p in the pathogenesis of RA by overexpressing miR-223-3p in synovial cell lines. METHODS Arthritis was induced in the RA model of SKG mice by injection of ß-glucan. The histopathologic features of joints were examined using hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemical staining. Plasma levels of miRNA were determined by panel real-time PCR analysis. Target genes of the differentially expressed miRNAs in SKG mice were analyzed using miRNA target prediction algorithms. The dual-luciferase reporter system was used to evaluate the relationship between miR-223-3p and IL-17 receptor D (IL-17RD). The activity of miR-223-3p was analyzed by transfection of plasmid vectors overexpressing miR-223-3p into IL-17RD-expressing NIH3T3 and MH7A cell lines. Il6 and Il17rd mRNA expression was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. IL-17RD protein expression was analyzed by western blot analysis. RESULTS We identified 17 upregulated miRNAs (fold change > 2.0) in plasma of SKG mice injected with ß-glucan relative to untreated SKG mice. Il17rd was identified as the candidate target gene of miR-223-3p using five miRNA target prediction algorithms. The transfection of plasmid vectors overexpressing miR-223-3p into NIH3T3 and MH7A cells resulted in the downregulation of Il17rd expression and upregulation of Il6 expression. Expression of miR-223-3p and Il6 mRNA in MH7A cells was upregulated; however, that of Il17rd mRNA was downregulated following TNF-α stimulation. IL-17RD expression in synovial tissues from SKG mice and RA patients was inversely correlated with the severity of arthritis. CONCLUSION This study is the first to demonstrate that miR-223-3p downregulates IL-17RD in both mouse and human cells; miR-223-3p may contribute to the pathogenesis of RA by downregulating the expression of IL-17RD and upregulating that of IL-6 in synovial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomu Moriya
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Hyogo University of Health Sciences, 1-3-6 Minatojima, Chuo-Ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Seiji Shibasaki
- General Education Center, Hyogo University of Health Sciences, 1-3-6 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Miki Karasaki
- General Education Center, Hyogo University of Health Sciences, 1-3-6 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Iwasaki
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, School of Pharmacy, Hyogo University of Health Sciences, 1-3-6 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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30
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Winterhoff B, Konecny GE. Targeting fibroblast growth factor pathways in endometrial cancer. Curr Probl Cancer 2017; 41:37-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.currproblcancer.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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31
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Jin L, Nonaka Y, Miyakawa S, Fujiwara M, Nakamura Y. Dual Therapeutic Action of a Neutralizing Anti-FGF2 Aptamer in Bone Disease and Bone Cancer Pain. Mol Ther 2016; 24:1974-1986. [PMID: 27506449 PMCID: PMC5154475 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2016.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) plays a crucial role in bone remodeling and disease progression. However, the potential of FGF2 antagonists for treatment of patients with bone diseases has not yet been explored. Therefore, we generated a novel RNA aptamer, APT-F2, specific for human FGF2 and characterized its properties in vitro and in vivo. APT-F2 blocked binding of FGF2 to each of its four cellular receptors, inhibited FGF2-induced downstream signaling and cells proliferation, and restored osteoblast differentiation blocked by FGF2. APT-F2P, a PEGylated form of APT-F2, effectively blocked the bone disruption in mouse and rat models of arthritis and osteoporosis. Treatment with APT-F2P also exerted a strong analgesic effect, equivalent to morphine, in a mouse model of bone cancer pain. These findings demonstrated dual therapeutic action of APT-F2P in bone diseases and pain, providing a promising approach to the treatment of bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yoshikazu Nakamura
- Ribomic Inc., Tokyo, Japan; Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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32
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Zhou WY, Zheng H, Du XL, Yang JL. Characterization of FGFR signaling pathway as therapeutic targets for sarcoma patients. Cancer Biol Med 2016; 13:260-8. [PMID: 27458533 PMCID: PMC4944539 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2015.0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) family plays important roles in regulating cell growth, proliferation, survival, differentiation and angiogenesis. Deregulation of the FGF/FGFR signaling pathway has been associated with multiple development syndromes and cancers, and thus therapeutic strategies targeting FGFs and FGFR in human cancer are currently being explored. However, few studies on the FGF/FGFR pathway have been conducted in sarcoma, which has a poor outcome with traditional treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Hence, in the present review, we provide an overview of the role of the FGF/FGFR pathway signal in sarcoma and FGFR inhibitors, which might be new targets for the treatment of sarcomas according to recent research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hong Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Du
- Department of Diagnostics, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300061, China
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33
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Regulation of FGF signaling: Recent insights from studying positive and negative modulators. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 53:101-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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34
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Hallinan N, Finn S, Cuffe S, Rafee S, O’Byrne K, Gately K. Targeting the fibroblast growth factor receptor family in cancer. Cancer Treat Rev 2016; 46:51-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2016.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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35
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He Q, Gong Y, Gower L, Yang X, Friesel RE. Sef Regulates Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Breast Cancer Cells. J Cell Biochem 2016; 117:2346-56. [PMID: 26950413 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Sef (similar expression to fgf), also know as IL17RD, is a transmembrane protein shown to inhibit fibroblast growth factor signaling in developmental and cancer contexts; however, its role as a tumor suppressor remains to be fully elucidated. Here, we show that Sef regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in breast cancer cell lines. Sef expression was highest in the normal breast epithelial cell line MCF10A, intermediate expression in MCF-7 cells and lowest in MDA-MB-231 cells. Knockdown of Sef increased the expression of genes associated with EMT, and promoted cell migration, invasion, and a fibroblastic morphology of MCF-7 cells. Overexpression of Sef inhibited the expression of EMT marker genes and inhibited cell migration and invasion in MCF-7 cells. Induction of EMT in MCF10A cells by TGF-β and TNF-α resulted in downregulation of Sef expression concomitant with upregulation of EMT gene expression and loss of epithelial morphology. Overexpression of Sef in MCF10A cells partially blocked cytokine-induced EMT. Sef was shown to block β-catenin mediated luciferase reporter activity and to cause a decrease in the nuclear localization of active β-catenin. Furthermore, Sef was shown to co-immunoprecipitate with β-catenin. In a mouse orthotopic xenograft model, Sef overexpression in MDA-MB-231 cells slowed tumor growth and reduced expression of EMT marker genes. Together, these data indicate that Sef plays a role in the negative regulation of EMT in a β-catenin dependent manner and that reduced expression of Sef in breast tumor cells may be permissive for EMT and the acquisition of a more metastatic phenotype. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 2346-2356, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing He
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine.,Graduate School for Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, Maine
| | - Yan Gong
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine.,Graduate School for Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, Maine
| | - Lindsey Gower
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine
| | - Xuehui Yang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine
| | - Robert E Friesel
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, Maine.,Graduate School for Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, Maine
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36
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Huang C, Yuan P, Wu J, Huang J. Estrogen regulates excitatory amino acid carrier 1 (EAAC1) expression through sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) transacting FGFR-mediated ERK signaling in rat C6 astroglial cells. Neuroscience 2016; 319:9-22. [PMID: 26804240 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Excitatory amino acid carrier 1 (EAAC1) is one important subtype of the excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs), and its absence can increase the vulnerability to oxidative stress in neural tissue. Enhanced expression of EAAC1 can provide neuroprotection in multiple disorders, including ischemia and multiple sclerosis. However, the mechanism regulating EAAC1 expression is not fully understood. Using rat C6 astroglial cells, which specifically express EAAC1, we found that 17β-estradiol (E2) and (±)-1-[(3aR(∗),4S(∗),9bS(∗))-4-(6-bromo-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-3a,4,5,9b-tetrahydro-3H-cyclopenta[c]quinolin-8-yl]-ethanone (G1), an agonist of the G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPR30), strongly increased EAAC1 protein levels and protected cells from hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) toxicity. We further found that E2/G1 activated sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) via GPR30, resulting in the transcription of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), which stimulated its receptor (FGFR) and led to the phosphorylation of FGFR substrate 2α (FRS2α). This triggered downstream ERK1/2 signaling for the expression of EAAC1. Both the knockdown of FGF2 by siRNA and the pharmacological suppression of the FGFR-ERK cascade abolished the E2/G1 effect on EAAC1 expression. Overall, our work characterizes a signaling pathway by which E2 transactivates FGFR-ERK to induce EAAC1 expression in an FGF2-dependent manner. This occurs through SphK1 activation via GPR30 and leads to a resistance to H2O2 toxicity. This signal transduction pathway may provide novel insights into our understanding of the neuroprotective effects of E2 and may reveal new therapeutic targets or drugs for regulating the oxidative toxicity effects of various neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Huang
- College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - P Yuan
- Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - J Wu
- College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
| | - J Huang
- College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China.
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37
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Yang X, Liaw L, Prudovsky I, Brooks PC, Vary C, Oxburgh L, Friesel R. Fibroblast growth factor signaling in the vasculature. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2015; 17:509. [PMID: 25813213 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-015-0509-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite their discovery as angiogenic factors and mitogens for endothelial cells more than 30 years ago, much remains to be determined about the role of fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their receptors in vascular development, homeostasis, and disease. In vitro studies show that members of the FGF family stimulate growth, migration, and sprouting of endothelial cells, and growth, migration, and phenotypic plasticity of vascular smooth muscle cells. Recent studies have revealed important roles for FGFs and their receptors in the regulation of endothelial cell sprouting and vascular homeostasis in vivo. Furthermore, recent work has revealed roles for FGFs in atherosclerosis, vascular calcification, and vascular dysfunction. The large number of FGFs and their receptors expressed in endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells complicates these studies. In this review, we summarize recent studies in which new and unanticipated roles for FGFs and their receptors in the vasculature have been revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehui Yang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, 81 Research Drive, Scarborough, ME, 04074, USA
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38
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Assinder SJ, Beniamen D, Lovicu FJ. Cosuppression of Sprouty and Sprouty-related negative regulators of FGF signalling in prostate cancer: a working hypothesis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:827462. [PMID: 26075267 PMCID: PMC4449890 DOI: 10.1155/2015/827462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Deregulation of FGF receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signalling is common in prostate cancer. Normally, to moderate RTK signalling, induction of Sprouty (SPRY) and Sprouty-related (SPRED) antagonists occurs. Whilst decreased SPRY and SPRED has been described in some cancers, their role in prostate cancer is poorly understood. Therefore, we hypothesise that due to the need for tight regulation of RTK signalling, SPRY and SPRED negative regulators provide a degree of redundancy which ensures that a suppression of one or more family member does not lead to disease. Contrary to this, our analyses of prostates from 24-week-old Spry1- or Spry2-deficientmice, either hemizygous (+/-) or homozygous (-/-) for the null allele, revealed a significantly greater incidence of PIN compared to wild-type littermates. We further investigated redundancy of negative regulators in the clinical setting in a preliminary analysis of Gene Expression Omnibus and Oncomine human prostate cancer datasets. Consistent with our hypothesis, in two datasets analysed a significant cosuppression of SPRYs and SPREDs is evident. These findings demonstrate the importance of negative regulators of receptor tyrosine signalling, such as Spry, in the clinical setting, and highlight their importance for future pharmacopeia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J. Assinder
- Disciplines of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Daniella Beniamen
- Disciplines of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Frank J. Lovicu
- Anatomy and Histology, School of Medical Sciences and Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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39
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Boswell BA, Musil LS. Synergistic interaction between the fibroblast growth factor and bone morphogenetic protein signaling pathways in lens cells. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 26:2561-72. [PMID: 25947138 PMCID: PMC4571308 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e15-02-0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Relatively little is known about how receptor tyrosine kinase ligands can positively cooperate with BMP signaling. Primary cultures of lens cells were used to reveal an unprecedented type of cross-talk between the canonical FGF and BMP signaling pathways that regulates lens cell differentiation and intercellular coupling. Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) play a central role in two processes essential for lens transparency—fiber cell differentiation and gap junction–mediated intercellular communication (GJIC). Using serum-free primary cultures of chick lens epithelial cells (DCDMLs), we investigated how the FGF and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathways positively cooperate to regulate lens development and function. We found that culturing DCDMLs for 6 d with the BMP blocker noggin inhibits the canonical FGF-to-ERK pathway upstream of FRS2 activation and also prevents FGF from stimulating FRS2- and ERK-independent gene expression, indicating that BMP signaling is required at the level of FGF receptors. Other experiments revealed a second type of BMP/FGF interaction by which FGF promotes expression of BMP target genes as well as of BMP4. Together these studies reveal a novel mode of cooperation between the FGF and BMP pathways in which BMP keeps lens cells in an optimally FGF-responsive state and, reciprocally, FGF enhances BMP-mediated gene expression. This interaction provides a mechanistic explanation for why disruption of either FGF or BMP signaling in the lens leads to defects in lens development and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce A Boswell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Linda S Musil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239 )
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40
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Orphan receptor IL-17RD regulates Toll-like receptor signalling via SEFIR/TIR interactions. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6669. [PMID: 25808990 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptor families of the innate immune response engage in 'cross-talk' to tailor optimal immune responses against invading pathogens. However, these responses are subject to multiple levels of regulation to keep in check aberrant inflammatory signals. Here, we describe a role for the orphan receptor interleukin-17 receptor D (IL-17RD) in negatively regulating Toll-like receptor (TLR)-induced responses. Deficiency of IL-17RD expression in cells leads to enhanced pro-inflammatory signalling and gene expression in response to TLR stimulation, and Il17rd(-/-) mice are more susceptible to TLR-induced septic shock. We demonstrate that the intracellular Sef/IL-17R (SEFIR) domain of IL-17RD targets TIR adaptor proteins to inhibit TLR downstream signalling thus revealing a paradigm involving cross-regulation of members of the IL-17R and TLR families.
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41
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Carter EP, Fearon AE, Grose RP. Careless talk costs lives: fibroblast growth factor receptor signalling and the consequences of pathway malfunction. Trends Cell Biol 2014; 25:221-33. [PMID: 25467007 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Since its discovery 40 years ago, fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor (FGFR) signalling has been found to regulate fundamental cellular behaviours in a wide range of cell types. FGFRs regulate development, homeostasis, and repair and are implicated in many disorders and diseases; and indeed, there is extensive potential for severe consequences, be they developmental, homeostatic, or oncogenic, should FGF-FGFR signalling go awry, so careful control of the pathway is critically important. In this review, we discuss the recent developments in the FGF field, highlighting how FGFR signalling works in normal cells, how it can go wrong, how frequently it is compromised, and how it is being targeted therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward P Carter
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute - a CR-UK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, England, UK
| | - Abbie E Fearon
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute - a CR-UK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, England, UK
| | - Richard P Grose
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute - a CR-UK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, England, UK.
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42
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Lutwak E, Price CA, Abramovich SS, Rabinovitz S, Granot I, Dekel N, Ron D. Expression and regulation of the tumor suppressor, SEF, during folliculogenesis in humans and mice. Reproduction 2014; 148:507-17. [PMID: 25118304 DOI: 10.1530/rep-14-0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Similar expression to FGF (Sef or IL17-RD), is a tumor suppressor and an inhibitor of growth factors as well as of pro-inflammatory cytokine signaling. In this study, we examined the regulation of Sef expression by gonadotropins during ovarian folliculogenesis. In sexually immature mice, in situ hybridization (ISH) localized Sef gene expression to early developing oocytes and granulosa cells (GC) but not to theca cells. Sef was also expressed in mouse ovarian endothelial cells, in the fallopian tube epithelium as well as in adipose tissue venules. SEF protein expression, determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC), correlated well with Sef mRNA expression in GC, while differential expression was noticed in oocytes. High Sef mRNA but undetectable SEF protein levels were observed in the oocytes of primary/secondary follicles, while an inverse correlation was found in the oocytes of preantral and small antral follicles. Sef mRNA expression dropped after pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (PMSG) administration, peaked at 6-8 h after human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) treatment, and declined by 12 h after this treatment. ISH and IHC localized the changes to oocytes and mural GC following PMSG treatment, whereas Sef expression increased in mural GC and declined in granulosa-lutein cells upon hCG treatment. The ovarian expression of SEF was confirmed using human samples. ISH localized SEF transcripts to human GC of antral follicles but not to corpora lutea. Furthermore, SEF mRNA was detected in human GC recovered from preovulatory follicles. These results are the first to demonstrate SEF expression in a healthy ovary during folliculogenesis. Hormonal regulation of its expression suggests that SEF may be an important factor involved in intra-ovarian control mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ela Lutwak
- Department of BiologyTechnion, Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, IsraelFaculté de Médecine VétérinaireCentre de Recherche en Reproduction Animale, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Quebec, CanadaDepartment of Biological RegulationThe Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, IsraelIVF UnitDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaplan Medical Center (Affiliated to the Medical School of the Hebrew University and Hadassah, Jerusalem), Rehovot, Israel
| | - Christopher A Price
- Department of BiologyTechnion, Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, IsraelFaculté de Médecine VétérinaireCentre de Recherche en Reproduction Animale, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Quebec, CanadaDepartment of Biological RegulationThe Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, IsraelIVF UnitDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaplan Medical Center (Affiliated to the Medical School of the Hebrew University and Hadassah, Jerusalem), Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sagit-Sela Abramovich
- Department of BiologyTechnion, Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, IsraelFaculté de Médecine VétérinaireCentre de Recherche en Reproduction Animale, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Quebec, CanadaDepartment of Biological RegulationThe Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, IsraelIVF UnitDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaplan Medical Center (Affiliated to the Medical School of the Hebrew University and Hadassah, Jerusalem), Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shiri Rabinovitz
- Department of BiologyTechnion, Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, IsraelFaculté de Médecine VétérinaireCentre de Recherche en Reproduction Animale, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Quebec, CanadaDepartment of Biological RegulationThe Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, IsraelIVF UnitDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaplan Medical Center (Affiliated to the Medical School of the Hebrew University and Hadassah, Jerusalem), Rehovot, Israel
| | - Irit Granot
- Department of BiologyTechnion, Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, IsraelFaculté de Médecine VétérinaireCentre de Recherche en Reproduction Animale, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Quebec, CanadaDepartment of Biological RegulationThe Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, IsraelIVF UnitDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaplan Medical Center (Affiliated to the Medical School of the Hebrew University and Hadassah, Jerusalem), Rehovot, Israel
| | - Nava Dekel
- Department of BiologyTechnion, Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, IsraelFaculté de Médecine VétérinaireCentre de Recherche en Reproduction Animale, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Quebec, CanadaDepartment of Biological RegulationThe Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, IsraelIVF UnitDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaplan Medical Center (Affiliated to the Medical School of the Hebrew University and Hadassah, Jerusalem), Rehovot, Israel
| | - Dina Ron
- Department of BiologyTechnion, Israel Institute of Technology, 32000 Haifa, IsraelFaculté de Médecine VétérinaireCentre de Recherche en Reproduction Animale, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Quebec, CanadaDepartment of Biological RegulationThe Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, IsraelIVF UnitDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaplan Medical Center (Affiliated to the Medical School of the Hebrew University and Hadassah, Jerusalem), Rehovot, Israel
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Tiong KH, Mah LY, Leong CO. Functional roles of fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) signaling in human cancers. Apoptosis 2014; 18:1447-68. [PMID: 23900974 PMCID: PMC3825415 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-013-0886-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) regulate important biological processes including cell proliferation and differentiation during development and tissue repair. Over the past decades, numerous pathological conditions and developmental syndromes have emerged as a consequence of deregulation in the FGFRs signaling network. This review aims to provide an overview of FGFR family, their complex signaling pathways in tumorigenesis, and the current development and application of therapeutics targeting the FGFRs signaling for treatment of refractory human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Hung Tiong
- School of Postgraduate Studies and Research, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia,
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Zhang J, Wright KD, Mahoney Rogers AA, Barrett MM, Shim K. Compensatory regulation of the size of the inner ear in response to excess induction of otic progenitors by fibroblast growth factor signaling. Dev Dyn 2014; 243:1317-27. [PMID: 24847848 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The otic placode comprises the progenitors of the inner ear and the neurons that convey hearing and balance information to the brain. Transplantation studies in birds and amphibians demonstrate that when the otic placode is morphologically visible as a thickened patch of ectoderm, it is first committed to an otic fate. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling initiates induction of the otic placode, and levels of FGF signaling are fine-tuned by the Sprouty family of antagonists of receptor tyrosine kinase signaling. RESULTS Here, we examined the size of the otic placode and cup by combinatorial inactivation of the Sprouty1 and Sprouty2 genes. Interestingly, in a Sprouty gene dosage series, early enlargement of the otic placode was progressively restored to normal. Restoration of otic size was preceded by normal levels of FGF signaling, reduced cell proliferation and reduced cell death. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that excess otic placode cells, which form in response to increased FGF signaling, are not maintained in mammals. This suggests that growth plasticity exists in the mammalian otic placode and cup, and that FGF signaling may not be sufficient to induce the genetic program that maintains otic fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors, or FGFs, are a large family of polypeptide cytokines exhibiting a pleiotropy of functions, from cell growth to angiogenesis, wound healing, and tissue repair. This review broadly covers the genetics and protein expression of the FGF family members and the signaling pathways involved in FGF-mediated growth regulation. We emphasize the role of FGFs in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), including their effects on regulation of the tumor microenvironment and angiogenesis. Finally, we present current views on FGF's potential role as a prognostic marker in clinical practice, as well as its potential as a therapeutic target in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalbir S. Sandhu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics; Iowa City IA
| | - Esha Baichoo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, College of Medicine; Mayo Clinic; Rochester MN
| | - Lewis R. Roberts
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology and Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, College of Medicine; Mayo Clinic; Rochester MN
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He Q, Yang X, Gong Y, Kovalenko D, Canalis E, Rosen CJ, Friesel RE. Deficiency of Sef is associated with increased postnatal cortical bone mass by regulating Runx2 activity. J Bone Miner Res 2014; 29:1217-31. [PMID: 24127237 PMCID: PMC3984377 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 10/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Sef (similar expression to fgf genes) is a feedback inhibitor of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling and functions in part by binding to FGF receptors and inhibiting their activation. Genetic studies in mice and humans indicate an important role for fibroblast growth factor signaling in bone growth and homeostasis. We, therefore, investigated whether Sef had a function role in skeletal acquisition and remodeling. Sef expression is increased during osteoblast differentiation in vitro, and LacZ staining of Sef+/- mice showed high expression of Sef in the periosteum and chondro-osseous junction of neonatal and adult mice. Mice with a global deletion of Sef showed increased cortical bone thickness, bone volume, and increased periosteal perimeter by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). Histomorphometric analysis of cortical bone revealed a significant increase in osteoblast number. Interestingly, Sef-/- mice showed very little difference in trabecular bone by micro-CT and histomorphometry compared with wild-type mice. Bone marrow cells from Sef-/- mice grown in osteogenic medium showed increased proliferation and increased osteoblast differentiation compared with wild-type bone marrow cells. Bone marrow cells from Sef-/- mice showed enhanced FGF2-induced activation of the ERK pathway, whereas bone marrow cells from Sef transgenic mice showed decreased FGF2-induced signaling. FGF2-induced acetylation and stability of Runx2 was enhanced in Sef-/- bone marrow cells, whereas overexpression of Sef inhibited Runx2-responsive luciferase reporter activity. Bone marrow from Sef-/- mice showed enhanced hematopoietic lineage-dependent and osteoblast-dependent osteoclastogenesis and increased bone resorptive activity relative to wild-type controls in in vitro assays, whereas overexpression of Sef inhibited osteoclast differentiation. Taken together, these studies indicate that Sef has specific roles in osteoblast and osteoclast lineages and that its absence results in increased osteoblast and osteoclast activity with a net increase in cortical bone mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing He
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
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Peng W, Lei Q, Jiang Z, Hu Z. Characterization of Golgi scaffold proteins and their roles in compartmentalizing cell signaling. J Mol Histol 2013; 45:435-45. [PMID: 24337566 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-013-9560-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Subcellular compartmentalization has become an important theme in cell signaling. In particular, the Golgi apparatus (GA) plays a prominent role in compartmentalizing signaling cascades that originate at the plasma membrane or other organelles. To precisely regulate this process, cells have evolved a unique class of organizer proteins, termed "scaffold proteins". Sef, PAQR3, PAQR10 and PAQR11 are scaffold proteins that have recently been identified on the GA and are referred to as Golgi scaffolds. The major cell growth signaling pathways, such as Ras/MAPK, PI3K/AKT, insulin and VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor), are tightly regulated spatially and temporally by these Golgi scaffolds to ensure a physiologically appropriate outcome. Here, we discuss the subcellular localization and characterization of the topology and functional domains of these Golgi scaffolds and summarize their roles in the compartmentalization of cell signaling. We also highlight the physiological and pathological roles of these Golgi scaffolds in tumorigenesis and developmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenna Peng
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
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48
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Fearon AE, Gould CR, Grose RP. FGFR signalling in women's cancers. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 45:2832-42. [PMID: 24148254 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
FGFs, in a complex with their receptors (FGFRs) and heparan sulfate (HS), are responsible for a range of cellular functions, from embryogenesis to metabolism. Both germ line and somatic FGFR mutations are known to play a role in a range of diseases, most notably craniosynestosis dysplasias, dwarfism and cancer. Because of the ability of FGFR signalling to induce cell proliferation, migration and survival, FGFRs are readily co-opted by cancer cells. Mutations in, and amplifications of, these receptors are found in a range of cancers with some of the most striking clinical findings relating to their contribution to pathogenesis and progression of female cancers. Here, we outline the molecular mechanisms of FGFR signalling and discuss the role of this pathway in women's cancers, focusing on breast, endometrial, ovarian and cervical carcinomas, and their associated preclinical and clinical data. We also address the rationale for therapeutic intervention and the need for FGFR-targeted therapy to selectively target cancer cells in view of the fundamental roles of FGF signalling in normal physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbie E Fearon
- Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute - A Cancer Research UK Centre of Excellence, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom.
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Sun X, Wang Y, Yang S, Ren F, Xia Y, Chang Z. Activation of TAK1 by Sef-S induces apoptosis in 293T cells. Cell Signal 2013; 25:2039-46. [PMID: 23770285 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Sef (similar expression to fgf genes, also named IL-17RD) was identified as a negative regulator of fibroblast growth factor signaling. Sef-S, an alternative splice isoform of Sef, inhibits FGF-induced NIH3T3 cell proliferation. Here we report that Sef-S physically interacts with TAK1, induces Lys63-linked TAK1 polyubiquitination on lysine 209 and TAK1-mediated JNK and p38 activation. Co-overexpression of TAK1 WT, K34R, K150R, K158R mutants with Sef-S induces Lys63-linked TAK1 polyubiquitination whereas TAK1 K63R and K209R mutants fail. Furthermore, co-overexpression of Sef-S and TAK1 induce 293T cells apoptosis. These results reveal Sef-S actives Lys63-linked TAK1 polyubiquitination on lysine 209, induces TAK1-mediated JNK and p38 activation and also results apoptosis in 293T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Miraoui H, Dwyer AA, Sykiotis GP, Plummer L, Chung W, Feng B, Beenken A, Clarke J, Pers TH, Dworzynski P, Keefe K, Niedziela M, Raivio T, Crowley WF, Seminara SB, Quinton R, Hughes VA, Kumanov P, Young J, Yialamas MA, Hall JE, Van Vliet G, Chanoine JP, Rubenstein J, Mohammadi M, Tsai PS, Sidis Y, Lage K, Pitteloud N. Mutations in FGF17, IL17RD, DUSP6, SPRY4, and FLRT3 are identified in individuals with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Am J Hum Genet 2013; 92:725-43. [PMID: 23643382 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2013.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Revised: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) and its anosmia-associated form (Kallmann syndrome [KS]) are genetically heterogeneous. Among the >15 genes implicated in these conditions, mutations in FGF8 and FGFR1 account for ~12% of cases; notably, KAL1 and HS6ST1 are also involved in FGFR1 signaling and can be mutated in CHH. We therefore hypothesized that mutations in genes encoding a broader range of modulators of the FGFR1 pathway might contribute to the genetics of CHH as causal or modifier mutations. Thus, we aimed to (1) investigate whether CHH individuals harbor mutations in members of the so-called "FGF8 synexpression" group and (2) validate the ability of a bioinformatics algorithm on the basis of protein-protein interactome data (interactome-based affiliation scoring [IBAS]) to identify high-quality candidate genes. On the basis of sequence homology, expression, and structural and functional data, seven genes were selected and sequenced in 386 unrelated CHH individuals and 155 controls. Except for FGF18 and SPRY2, all other genes were found to be mutated in CHH individuals: FGF17 (n = 3 individuals), IL17RD (n = 8), DUSP6 (n = 5), SPRY4 (n = 14), and FLRT3 (n = 3). Independently, IBAS predicted FGF17 and IL17RD as the two top candidates in the entire proteome on the basis of a statistical test of their protein-protein interaction patterns to proteins known to be altered in CHH. Most of the FGF17 and IL17RD mutations altered protein function in vitro. IL17RD mutations were found only in KS individuals and were strongly linked to hearing loss (6/8 individuals). Mutations in genes encoding components of the FGF pathway are associated with complex modes of CHH inheritance and act primarily as contributors to an oligogenic genetic architecture underlying CHH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hichem Miraoui
- Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne in collaboration with Service of Endocrinology, Diabetology, and Metabolism, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Rue du Bugnon 7, Lausanne CH-1005, Switzerland
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