1
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Li X, Jia T, Wang K, Wang L, Zhou L, Li M, Zhu W, Shu Y, Chen Y. The PB2 I714S mutation influenced mammalian adaptation of the H3N2 canine influenza virus by interfering with nuclear import efficiency and RNP complex assembly. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2387439. [PMID: 39139051 PMCID: PMC11328605 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2387439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) are the origin of multiple mammal influenza viruses. The genetic determinants of AIVs adapted to humans have been widely elucidated, however, the molecular mechanism of cross-species transmission and adaptation of AIVs to canines are still poorly understood. In this study, two H3N2 influenza viruses isolated from a live poultry market (A/environment/Guangxi/13431/2018, GX13431) and a swab sample from a canine (A/canine/Guangdong/0601/2019, GD0601) were used to investigate the possible molecular basis that determined H3N2 AIV adapting to canine. We found that GD0601 exhibited more robust polymerase activity in cells and higher pathogenicity in mice compared with its evolution ancestor H3N2 AIV GX13431. A series of reassortments of the ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex showed that the PB2 subunit was the crucial factor that conferred high polymerase activity of GD0601, and the substitution of I714S in the PB2 subunit of GD0601 attenuated the replication and pathogenicity in mammal cells and the mouse model. Mechanistically, the reverse mutation of I714S in the PB2 polymerase subunit which was identified in AIV GX13431 reduced the nuclear import efficiency of PB2 protein and interfered with the interactions of PB2-PA/NP that affected the assembly of the viral RNP complex. Our study reveals amino acid mutation at the position of 714 in the nuclear localization signal (NLS) area in PB2 plays an important role in overcoming the barrier from poultry to mammals of the H3N2 canine influenza virus and provides clues for further study of mammalian adaptation mechanism of AIVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyun Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
- Department of Healthcare-associated Infection Management, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Jia
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Kele Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangliang Wang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijuan Zhou
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Mao Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenfei Zhu
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuelong Shu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Infection Prevention and Control (MOE), State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongkun Chen
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
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2
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Alasiri A, Soltane R, Hegazy A, Khalil AM, Mahmoud SH, Khalil AA, Martinez-Sobrido L, Mostafa A. Vaccination and Antiviral Treatment against Avian Influenza H5Nx Viruses: A Harbinger of Virus Control or Evolution. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1628. [PMID: 38005960 PMCID: PMC10675773 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11111628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the panzootic nature of emergent highly pathogenic avian influenza H5Nx viruses in wild migratory birds and domestic poultry, only a limited number of human infections with H5Nx viruses have been identified since its emergence in 1996. Few countries with endemic avian influenza viruses (AIVs) have implemented vaccination as a control strategy, while most of the countries have adopted a culling strategy for the infected flocks. To date, China and Egypt are the two major sites where vaccination has been adopted to control avian influenza H5Nx infections, especially with the widespread circulation of clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 viruses. This virus is currently circulating among birds and poultry, with occasional spillovers to mammals, including humans. Herein, we will discuss the history of AIVs in Egypt as one of the hotspots for infections and the improper implementation of prophylactic and therapeutic control strategies, leading to continuous flock outbreaks with remarkable virus evolution scenarios. Along with current pre-pandemic preparedness efforts, comprehensive surveillance of H5Nx viruses in wild birds, domestic poultry, and mammals, including humans, in endemic areas is critical to explore the public health risk of the newly emerging immune-evasive or drug-resistant H5Nx variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahlam Alasiri
- Department of Basic Sciences, Adham University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (R.S.)
| | - Raya Soltane
- Department of Basic Sciences, Adham University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (R.S.)
| | - Akram Hegazy
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza District, Giza 12613, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed Magdy Khalil
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA;
- Department of Zoonotic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Sara H. Mahmoud
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Center, Giza 12622, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed A. Khalil
- Veterinary Sera and Vaccines Research Institute (VSVRI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Cairo 11435, Egypt;
| | | | - Ahmed Mostafa
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA;
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Center, Giza 12622, Egypt;
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3
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Camacho-Zarco AR, Yu L, Krischuns T, Dedeoglu S, Maurin D, Bouvignies G, Crépin T, Ruigrok RWH, Cusack S, Naffakh N, Blackledge M. Multivalent Dynamic Colocalization of Avian Influenza Polymerase and Nucleoprotein by Intrinsically Disordered ANP32A Reveals the Molecular Basis of Human Adaptation. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:20985-21001. [PMID: 37707433 PMCID: PMC10540212 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Adaptation of avian influenza RNA polymerase (FluPol) to human cells requires mutations on the 627-NLS domains of the PB2 subunit. The E627K adaptive mutation compensates a 33-amino-acid deletion in the acidic intrinsically disordered domain of the host transcription regulator ANP32A, a deletion that restricts FluPol activity in mammalian cells. The function of ANP32A in the replication transcription complex and in particular its role in host restriction remains poorly understood. Here we characterize ternary complexes formed between ANP32A, FluPol, and the viral nucleoprotein, NP, supporting the putative role of ANP32A in shuttling NP to the replicase complex. We demonstrate that while FluPol and NP can simultaneously bind distinct linear motifs on avian ANP32A, the deletion in the shorter human ANP32A blocks this mode of colocalization. NMR reveals that NP and human-adapted FluPol, containing the E627 K mutation, simultaneously bind the identical extended linear motif on human ANP32A in an electrostatically driven, highly dynamic and multivalent ternary complex. This study reveals a probable molecular mechanism underlying host adaptation, whereby E627K, which enhances the basic surface of the 627 domain, is selected to confer the necessary multivalent properties to allow ANP32A to colocalize NP and FluPol in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo R. Camacho-Zarco
- Institut
de Biologie Structurale, Université Grenoble Alpes-CEA-CNRS
UMR5075, 71 Avenue des
Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Lefan Yu
- Institut
de Biologie Structurale, Université Grenoble Alpes-CEA-CNRS
UMR5075, 71 Avenue des
Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Tim Krischuns
- Institut
Pasteur, Université Paris Cité,
CNRS UMR3569, Unité Biologie des ARN et Virus Influenza, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Selin Dedeoglu
- Institut
de Biologie Structurale, Université Grenoble Alpes-CEA-CNRS
UMR5075, 71 Avenue des
Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Damien Maurin
- Institut
de Biologie Structurale, Université Grenoble Alpes-CEA-CNRS
UMR5075, 71 Avenue des
Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Guillaume Bouvignies
- Laboratoire
des Biomolécules, Département de Chimie, École
Normale Supérieur, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, PSL Research University, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Thibaut Crépin
- Institut
de Biologie Structurale, Université Grenoble Alpes-CEA-CNRS
UMR5075, 71 Avenue des
Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Rob W. H. Ruigrok
- Institut
de Biologie Structurale, Université Grenoble Alpes-CEA-CNRS
UMR5075, 71 Avenue des
Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Stephan Cusack
- European
Molecular Biology Laboratory, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Nadia Naffakh
- Institut
Pasteur, Université Paris Cité,
CNRS UMR3569, Unité Biologie des ARN et Virus Influenza, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Martin Blackledge
- Institut
de Biologie Structurale, Université Grenoble Alpes-CEA-CNRS
UMR5075, 71 Avenue des
Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
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4
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Siegers JY, Ferreri L, Eggink D, Veldhuis Kroeze EJB, te Velthuis AJW, van de Bildt M, Leijten L, van Run P, de Meulder D, Bestebroer T, Richard M, Kuiken T, Lowen AC, Herfst S, van Riel D. Evolution of highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza A virus in the central nervous system of ferrets. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011214. [PMID: 36897923 PMCID: PMC10032531 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) disease is the most common extra-respiratory tract complication of influenza A virus infections in humans. Remarkably, zoonotic highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus infections are more often associated with CNS disease than infections with seasonal influenza viruses. Evolution of avian influenza viruses has been extensively studied in the context of respiratory infections, but evolutionary processes in CNS infections remain poorly understood. We have previously observed that the ability of HPAI A/Indonesia/5/2005 (H5N1) virus to replicate in and spread throughout the CNS varies widely between individual ferrets. Based on these observations, we sought to understand the impact of entrance into and replication within the CNS on the evolutionary dynamics of virus populations. First, we identified and characterized three substitutions-PB1 E177G and A652T and NP I119M - detected in the CNS of a ferret infected with influenza A/Indonesia/5/2005 (H5N1) virus that developed a severe meningo-encephalitis. We found that some of these substitutions, individually or collectively, resulted in increased polymerase activity in vitro. Nevertheless, in vivo, the virus bearing the CNS-associated mutations retained its capacity to infect the CNS but showed reduced dispersion to other anatomical sites. Analyses of viral diversity in the nasal turbinate and olfactory bulb revealed the lack of a genetic bottleneck acting on virus populations accessing the CNS via this route. Furthermore, virus populations bearing the CNS-associated mutations showed signs of positive selection in the brainstem. These features of dispersion to the CNS are consistent with the action of selective processes, underlining the potential for H5N1 viruses to adapt to the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurre Y. Siegers
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lucas Ferreri
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Dirk Eggink
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Aartjan J. W. te Velthuis
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | | | - Lonneke Leijten
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter van Run
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Theo Bestebroer
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mathilde Richard
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thijs Kuiken
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anice C. Lowen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Sander Herfst
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Debby van Riel
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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5
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Non-Negligible Role of Trace Elements in Influenza Virus Infection. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13020184. [PMID: 36837803 PMCID: PMC9967670 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus has continuously spread around the globe for more than 100 years since the first influenza epidemic in 1918. The rapid and unpredictable gene variation of the influenza virus could possibly bring about another pandemic in future, which might threaten to overwhelm us without adequate preparation. Consequently, it is extremely urgent to identify effective broad-spectrum antiviral treatments for a variety of influenza virus variants. As essential body components, trace elements are great potential candidates with an as yet poorly understood ability to protect the host from influenza infection. Herein, we have summarized the present state of knowledge concerning the function of trace elements in influenza virus replication along with an analysis of their potential molecular mechanisms. Modulation of host immune responses to the influenza virus is one of the most common modes to achieve the anti-influenza activity of trace elements, such as selenium and zinc. Simultaneously, some antioxidant and antiviral signal pathways can be altered with the participation of trace elements. More interestingly, some micro-elements including selenium, zinc, copper and manganese, directly target viral proteins and regulate their stability and activity to influence the life cycle of the influenza virus. Further verification of the antiviral effect and the mechanism will promote the application of trace elements as adjuvants in the clinic.
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6
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El Sayes M, Kandeil A, Moatasim Y, El Taweel A, Rubrum A, Kutkat O, Kamel MN, Badra R, Barakat AB, McKenzie PP, El-Shesheny R, Webby RJ, Kayali G, Ali MA. Insights into Genetic Characteristics and Virological Features of Endemic Avian Influenza A (H9N2) Viruses in Egypt from 2017-2021. Viruses 2022; 14:1484. [PMID: 35891464 PMCID: PMC9321558 DOI: 10.3390/v14071484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
From 2010 to 2013, genotype I avian influenza A(H9N2) viruses of the G1-lineage were isolated from several poultry species in Egypt. In 2014, novel reassortant H9N2 viruses were detected in pigeons designated as genotype II. To monitor the subsequent genetic evolution of Egyptian A(H9N2) viruses, we characterized the full genomes of 173 viruses isolated through active surveillance from 2017 to 2022. In addition, we compared the virological characteristics and pathogenicity of representative viruses. Phylogenetic analysis of the HA indicated that all studied sequences from 2017-2021 were grouped into G1-like H9N2 viruses previously detected in Egypt. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the Egyptian A(H9N2) viruses had undergone further reassortment, inheriting four genes (PB2, PB1, PA, NS) from genotype II, with their remaining segments deriving from genotype I viruses (these viruses designated as genotype III). Studying the virological features of the two most dominant genotypes (I and III) of Egyptian H9N2 viruses in vitro and in vivo indicated that both replicated well in mammalian cells, but did not show any clinical signs in chickens, ducks, and mice. Monitoring avian influenza viruses through surveillance programs and understanding the genetic and antigenic characteristics of circulating H9N2 viruses are essential for risk assessment and influenza pandemic preparedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed El Sayes
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt; (M.E.S.); (Y.M.); (A.E.T.); (O.K.); (M.N.K.); (R.E.-S.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Ahmed Kandeil
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt; (M.E.S.); (Y.M.); (A.E.T.); (O.K.); (M.N.K.); (R.E.-S.); (M.A.A.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; (A.R.); (P.P.M.)
| | - Yassmin Moatasim
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt; (M.E.S.); (Y.M.); (A.E.T.); (O.K.); (M.N.K.); (R.E.-S.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Ahmed El Taweel
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt; (M.E.S.); (Y.M.); (A.E.T.); (O.K.); (M.N.K.); (R.E.-S.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Adam Rubrum
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; (A.R.); (P.P.M.)
| | - Omnia Kutkat
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt; (M.E.S.); (Y.M.); (A.E.T.); (O.K.); (M.N.K.); (R.E.-S.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Mina Nabil Kamel
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt; (M.E.S.); (Y.M.); (A.E.T.); (O.K.); (M.N.K.); (R.E.-S.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Rebecca Badra
- Human Link, Dubai 3O-01-BA380, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Ahmed B. Barakat
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt;
| | - Pamela P. McKenzie
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; (A.R.); (P.P.M.)
| | - Rabeh El-Shesheny
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt; (M.E.S.); (Y.M.); (A.E.T.); (O.K.); (M.N.K.); (R.E.-S.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Richard J. Webby
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; (A.R.); (P.P.M.)
| | - Ghazi Kayali
- Human Link, Dubai 3O-01-BA380, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Mohamed Ahmed Ali
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt; (M.E.S.); (Y.M.); (A.E.T.); (O.K.); (M.N.K.); (R.E.-S.); (M.A.A.)
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7
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Kandeil A, Moatasim Y, El Taweel A, El Sayes M, Rubrum A, Jeevan T, McKenzie PP, Webby RJ, Ali MA, Kayali G, El-Shesheny R. Genetic and Antigenic Characteristics of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N8) Viruses Circulating in Domestic Poultry in Egypt, 2017–2021. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10030595. [PMID: 35336170 PMCID: PMC8948635 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10030595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In Egypt, the endemicity of avian influenza viruses is a serious concern. Since 2016, several outbreaks of H5N8 have been recorded among domestic poultry in various areas of the country. Active surveillance of domestic poultry across several governorates in Egypt from 2017 to 2021 detected at least six genotypes of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) H5N8 viruses with evidence of partial or complete annual replacement of dominant strains. Although all Egyptian H5N8 viruses had clade 2.3.4.4b hemagglutinin (HA) genes, the remaining viral gene segments were from multiple geographic origins, indicating that the H5N8 isolates resulted from multiple introductions. Mutations in the viral proteins associated with pathogenicity and antiviral drug resistance were detected. Some mutations in the HA resulted in antigenic drift. Heterogeneity in circulating H5N8 HPAI threatens poultry production and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Kandeil
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt; (A.K.); (Y.M.); (A.E.T.); (M.E.S.); (M.A.A.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; (A.R.); (T.J.); (P.P.M.)
| | - Yassmin Moatasim
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt; (A.K.); (Y.M.); (A.E.T.); (M.E.S.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Ahmed El Taweel
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt; (A.K.); (Y.M.); (A.E.T.); (M.E.S.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Mohamed El Sayes
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt; (A.K.); (Y.M.); (A.E.T.); (M.E.S.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Adam Rubrum
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; (A.R.); (T.J.); (P.P.M.)
| | - Trushar Jeevan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; (A.R.); (T.J.); (P.P.M.)
| | - Pamela P. McKenzie
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; (A.R.); (T.J.); (P.P.M.)
| | - Richard J. Webby
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; (A.R.); (T.J.); (P.P.M.)
- Correspondence: (R.J.W.); (G.K.); (R.E.-S.)
| | - Mohamed A. Ali
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt; (A.K.); (Y.M.); (A.E.T.); (M.E.S.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Ghazi Kayali
- Human Link, Dubai 971, United Arab Emirates
- Correspondence: (R.J.W.); (G.K.); (R.E.-S.)
| | - Rabeh El-Shesheny
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt; (A.K.); (Y.M.); (A.E.T.); (M.E.S.); (M.A.A.)
- Correspondence: (R.J.W.); (G.K.); (R.E.-S.)
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8
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Silva LR, da Silva-Júnior EF. Multi-Target Approaches of Epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG) and its Derivatives Against Influenza Viruses. Curr Top Med Chem 2022; 22:1485-1500. [PMID: 35086449 DOI: 10.2174/1568026622666220127112056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Influenza viruses (INFV), Orthomyxoviridae family, are mainly transmitted among humans, via aerosols or droplets from the respiratory secretions. However, fomites could be a potential transmission pathway. Annually, seasonal INFV infections account for 290-650 thousand deaths worldwide. Currently, there are two classes of approved drugs to treat INFV infections, being neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors and blockers of matrix-2 (M2) ion channel. However, cases of resistance have been observed for both chemical classes, reducing the efficacy of treatment. The emergence of influenza outbreaks and pandemics calls for new antiviral molecules more effective and that could overcome the current resistance to anti-influenza drugs. In this context, polyphenolic compounds are found in various plants and these have displayed different multi-target approaches against diverse pathogens. Among these, green tea (Camellia sinensis) catechins, in special epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG), have demonstrated significant activities against the two most relevant human INFV, subtypes A and lineages B. In this sense, EGCG has been found a promising multi-target agent against INFV since can act inhibiting NA, hemagglutination (HA), RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), and viral entry/adsorption. In general, the lack of knowledge about potential multi-target natural products prevents an adequate exploration of them, increasing the time for developing multi-target drugs. Then, this review aimed to compile to most relevant studies showing the anti-INFV effects of EGCG and its derivatives, which could become antiviral drug prototypes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Rocha Silva
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Melo Mota Avenue, 57072-970, AC Simões campus, Maceió, Brazil
| | - Edeildo Ferreira da Silva-Júnior
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Melo Mota Avenue, 57072-970, AC Simões campus, Maceió, Brazil
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9
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Kuzuhara T. Preparation of Recombinant PA Endonuclease Domain Protein of Influenza A Virus and Its Application for Glycobiology Research. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2556:69-78. [PMID: 36175628 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2635-1_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The endonuclease activity of influenza A virus RNA polymerase allows the digestion of host mRNA. The PA endonuclease domain could be a target of anti-influenza A virus drugs such as glycoconjugates. To test this activity, purified viral PA endonuclease domain protein is necessary. Here, we describe a method for the expression and purification of recombinant influenza A virus PA endonuclease domain protein, and a PA endonuclease assay to test glycoconjugates for potential inhibitory activity. Using influenza A virus PA cDNA as a template, DNA from the open reading frame of the PA endonuclease domain protein was amplified with PCR and cloned into an expression vector. Six His-tagged PA endonuclease domain proteins were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified with Ni2+-agarose resin and imidazole using an ion-exchange column. Using the recombinant PA endonuclease domain protein, an endonuclease assay was performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kuzuhara
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima, Japan.
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10
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Waters K, Gao C, Ykema M, Han L, Voth L, Tao YJ, Wan XF. Triple reassortment increases compatibility among viral ribonucleoprotein genes of contemporary avian and human influenza A viruses. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009962. [PMID: 34618879 PMCID: PMC8525756 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Compatibility among the influenza A virus (IAV) ribonucleoprotein (RNP) genes affects viral replication efficiency and can limit the emergence of novel reassortants, including those with potential pandemic risks. In this study, we determined the polymerase activities of 2,451 RNP reassortants among three seasonal and eight enzootic IAVs by using a minigenome assay. Results showed that the 2009 H1N1 RNP are more compatible with the tested enzootic RNP than seasonal H3N2 RNP and that triple reassortment increased such compatibility. The RNP reassortants among 2009 H1N1, canine H3N8, and avian H4N6 IAVs had the highest polymerase activities. Residues in the RNA binding motifs and the contact regions among RNP proteins affected polymerase activities. Our data indicates that compatibility among seasonal and enzootic RNPs are selective, and enzoosis of multiple strains in the animal-human interface can facilitate emergence of an RNP with increased replication efficiency in mammals, including humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn Waters
- Missouri University Center for Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Cheng Gao
- Missouri University Center for Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, College of Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Matthew Ykema
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Lei Han
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi, United States of America
| | - Lynden Voth
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Yizhi Jane Tao
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Xiu-Feng Wan
- Missouri University Center for Influenza and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, Mississippi, United States of America
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, College of Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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11
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Abstract
Influenza polymerase (FluPol) plays a key role in the viral infection cycle by transcribing and replicating the viral genome. FluPol is a multifunctional, heterotrimeric enzyme with cap-binding, endonuclease, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and polyadenylation activities. It performs its functions in the context of the viral ribonucleoprotein particle (RNP), wherein the template viral RNA is coated by multiple copies of viral nucleoprotein. Moreover, it interacts with a number of host proteins that are essential cofactors and, consequently, adaptive mutations in the polymerase are required for crossing the avian-human species barrier. In this review, we show how mechanistic understanding of how FluPol performs its multiple functions has greatly advanced over the last decade through determination of high-resolution structures by X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy. These have revealed not only the detailed architecture of FluPol but highlighted the remarkably conformational flexibility that is inherent to its functioning as a dynamic RNA synthesis machine. Structural studies are also underpinning current attempts to develop next-generation anti-influenza drugs that directly target FluPol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna M Wandzik
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Grenoble 38042-Cedex 9, France
| | - Tomas Kouba
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Grenoble 38042-Cedex 9, France
| | - Stephen Cusack
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Grenoble 38042-Cedex 9, France
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12
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Sasidharan S, Gosu V, Shin D, Nath S, Tripathi T, Saudagar P. Therapeutic p28 peptide targets essential H1N1 influenza virus proteins: insights from docking and molecular dynamics simulations. Mol Divers 2021; 25:1929-1943. [PMID: 33575983 PMCID: PMC7877518 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-021-10193-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The H1N1 influenza virus causes a severe disease that affects the human respiratory tract leading to millions of deaths every year. At present, certain vaccines and few drugs are used to control the virus during seasonal outbreaks. However, high mutation rates and genetic reassortment make it challenging to prevent and mitigate outbreaks, leading to pandemics. Thus, alternate therapies are required for its management and control. Here, we report that a bacterial protein, azurin, and its peptide derivatives p18 and p28 target critical proteins of the influenza virus in an effective manner. The molecular docking studies show that the p28 peptide could target C-PB1, NS1-ED, PB2-CBD, PB2-RBD, NP, and PA proteins. These complexes were further subjected to the simulation of molecular dynamics and binding free energy calculations. The data indicate that p28 has an unusually high affinity and forms stable complexes with the viral proteins C-PB1, PB2-CBD, PB2-RBD, and NP. We suggest that the azurin derivative p28 peptide can act as an anti-influenza agent as it can bind to multiple targets and neutralize the virus. Additional experimental studies need to be conducted to evaluate its safety and efficacy as an anti-H1N1 molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santanu Sasidharan
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, Telangana, 506004, India
| | - Vijayakumar Gosu
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyun Shin
- The Animal Molecular Genetics and Breeding Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
- Department of Agricultural Convergence Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Subhradip Nath
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, Telangana, 506004, India
| | - Timir Tripathi
- Molecular and Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, India
| | - Prakash Saudagar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, Telangana, 506004, India.
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13
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Molecular basis of host-adaptation interactions between influenza virus polymerase PB2 subunit and ANP32A. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3656. [PMID: 32694517 PMCID: PMC7374565 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17407-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian influenza polymerase undergoes host adaptation in order to efficiently replicate in human cells. Adaptive mutants are localised on the C-terminal (627-NLS) domains of the PB2 subunit. In particular, mutation of PB2 residue 627 from E to K rescues polymerase activity in mammalian cells. A host transcription regulator ANP32A, comprising a long C-terminal intrinsically disordered domain (IDD), is responsible for this adaptation. Human ANP32A IDD lacks a 33 residue insertion compared to avian ANP32A, and this deletion restricts avian influenza polymerase activity. We used NMR to determine conformational ensembles of E627 and K627 forms of 627-NLS of PB2 in complex with avian and human ANP32A. Human ANP32A IDD transiently binds to the 627 domain, exploiting multivalency to maximise affinity. E627 interrupts the polyvalency of the interaction, an effect compensated by an avian-unique motif in the IDD. The observed binding mode is maintained in the context of heterotrimeric influenza polymerase, placing ANP32A in the immediate vicinity of known host-adaptive PB2 mutants. Avian influenza polymerase undergoes host adaptation in order to efficiently replicate in human cells. Here, the authors use NMR spectroscopy and quantitative ensemble modelling to describe the highly dynamic assemblies formed by the human-adapted or avian-adapted C-terminal domains with the respective ANP32A host proteins.
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14
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Gao W, Zu Z, Liu J, Song J, Wang X, Wang C, Liu L, Tong Q, Wang M, Sun H, Sun Y, Liu J, Chang KC, Pu J. Prevailing I292V PB2 mutation in avian influenza H9N2 virus increases viral polymerase function and attenuates IFN-β induction in human cells. J Gen Virol 2019; 100:1273-1281. [PMID: 31305236 PMCID: PMC7414430 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptation of PB2 protein is important for the establishment of avian influenza viruses in mammalian hosts. Here, we identify I292V as the prevalent mutation in PB2 of circulating avian H9N2 and pandemic H1N1 viruses. The same dominant PB2 mutation is also found in most human isolates of emergent avian H7N9 and H10N8 viruses. In human cells, PB2-292V in H9N2 virus has the combined ability of conferring higher viral polymerase activity and stronger attenuation of IFN-β induction than that of its predecessor PB2-292I. IFN-β attenuation is accompanied by higher binding affinity of PB2-292V for host mitochondrial antiviral signalling protein, an important intermediary protein in the induction of IFN-β. In the mouse in vivo model, PB2-292V mutation increases H9N2 virus replication with ensuing increase in disease severity. Collectively, PB2-292V is a new mammalian adaptive marker that promotes H9N2 virus replication in mammalian hosts with the potential to improve transmission from birds to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Gao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Zhipeng Zu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Jiyu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Jingwei Song
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Chenxi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Litao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Qi Tong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Mingyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Honglei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Yipeng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Jinhua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
| | - Kin-Chow Chang
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, UK
| | - Juan Pu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, PR China
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15
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Liu X, Yang C, Sun X, Lin X, Zhao L, Chen H, Jin M. Evidence for a novel mechanism of influenza A virus host adaptation modulated by PB2-627. FEBS J 2019; 286:3389-3400. [PMID: 31034753 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Influenza virus cross-species transmission is restricted by the host, but viruses overcome this restriction by accumulating mutations which allow them to adapt to a new host. Among the many factors which facilitate virus host adaptation, polymerase basic protein 2 (PB2) 627 plays an important role, although the underlying molecular mechanism has not been fully understood. In a previous study, we found that histone H1.2 (encoded by HIST1H1C) regulates human or avian influenza virus replication in different ways, indicating that it might be involved in virus host adaptation. Herein, we found that HIST1H1C expression, phosphorylation and methylation levels are decreased when infected with H1N1 influenza virus and increased when infected with H5N1 influenza virus. Overexpressing the eight gene segments of the influenza virus, we found that only PB2 significantly affects HIST1H1C expression and modifications. Since the 627 site is different between the H5N1 and H1N1 influenza viruses we constructed PB2-627E (avian variant) and PB2-627K (human variant) mutant viruses, and observed that the effects of the wild-type and the mutant viruses on HIST1H1C expression and modifications are the opposite of one another. Further analysis showed that influenza virus PB2-627 regulates HIST1H1C expression via Sp1, and specifically that PB2-627K down-regulates Sp1 and HIST1H1C while PB2-627E up-regulates Sp1 and HIST1H1C. In addition, HIST1H1C can feedback regulate DNA-dependent protein kinase and euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 1/2, leading to altered HIST1H1C phosphorylation and methylation levels, and affecting influenza virus replication accordingly. In summary, this study illustrates the mechanism of PB2-627E/K-mediated regulation of influenza virus host adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Cha Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaomei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xian Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lianzhong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Meilin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Agro-Microbiology Resources Development - Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Diagnosis and Immunization - Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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16
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Ge Y, Yao Q, Chai H, Hua Y, Deng G, Chen H. A 627K variant in the PB2 protein of H9 subtype influenza virus in wild birds. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2018; 12:728-741. [PMID: 29999583 PMCID: PMC6185888 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wild birds are gaining increasing attention as gene-mixing reservoirs for influenza viruses. To investigate the molecular properties of the viruses isolated and epidemiological analysis of H9N2 subtype AIV in wild birds, we studied samples obtained over two years (2014-2015) from wetlands in Anhui province, China. METHODS A total of 4534 samples were collected from migratory waterfowl in Anhui in 2014-2015, and 8 strains of H9 subtype AIV were isolated. RESULTS Phylogenetic analysis showed different degrees of gene segment reassortment in H9 viruses between the Eurasian lineage and the North American lineage. Most importantly, two viruses harbored the E627K mutation in the polymerase PB2 (PB2) protein. This is the first report of the mutation of this virus from low pathogenicity to high pathogenicity in wild birds. CONCLUSIONS The continued surveillance of wild birds, especially migratory birds, is important to provide early warning and control of AIV outbreaks. Our results highlight the high genetic diversity of AIV along the Eurasian-Australian migration flyway and the need for more extensive AIV surveillance in eastern China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Ge
- Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, China.,State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China.,College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Qiucheng Yao
- Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hongliang Chai
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yuping Hua
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Guohua Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Hualan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
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17
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Abstract
Influenza is a negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus with segmented genome. Each segment is encapsidated by a ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex composed of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) and multiple copies of nucleoprotein (NP). The RNP complex plays a crucial role in viral life cycle, supporting and regulating transcription and replication of viral genome in infected cells. The structural characterization of RdRP and RNP in recent years has shed light on its functions and mechanism of action. In this review, we summarize current understanding on the structure of RNP complex, as well as the structure of each subunit. Crucial functions of RNP are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yeung Lo
- Centre for Protein Science and Crystallography, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yun-Sang Tang
- Centre for Protein Science and Crystallography, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pang-Chui Shaw
- Centre for Protein Science and Crystallography, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T, Hong Kong, China.
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18
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Hydrogen Bond Variations of Influenza A Viruses During Adaptation in Human. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14295. [PMID: 29085020 PMCID: PMC5662722 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14533-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Many host specific mutations have been detected in influenza A viruses (IAVs). However, their effects on hydrogen bond (H-bond) variations have rarely been investigated. In this study, 60 host specific sites were identified in the internal proteins of avian and human IAVs, 27 of which contained mutations with effects on H-bonds. Besides, 30 group specific sites were detected in HA and NA. Twenty-six of 36 mutations existing at these group specific sites caused H-bond loss or formation in at least one subtype. The number of mutations in isolations of 2009 pandemic H1N1, human-infecting H5N1 and H7N9 varied. The combinations of mutations and H-bond changes in these three subtypes of IAVs were also different. In addition, the mutations in isolations of H5N1 distributed more scattered than those in 2009 pandemic H1N1 and H7N9. Eight wave specific mutations in isolations of the fifth H7N9 wave were also identified. Three of them, R140K in HA, Y170H in NA, and R340K in PB2, were capable of resulting in H-bond loss. As mentioned above, these host or group or wave specific H-bond variations provide us with a new field of vision for understanding the changes of structural features in the human adaptation of IAVs.
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19
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Kato YS, Tanokura M, Kuzuhara T. NMR spectra of PB2 627, the RNA-binding domain in influenza A virus RNA polymerase that contains the pathogenicity factor lysine 627, and improvement of the spectra by small osmolytes. Biochem Biophys Rep 2017; 12:129-134. [PMID: 29090273 PMCID: PMC5645118 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The influenza A virus, which has an RNA genome, requires RNA-dependent RNA polymerase for transcription and replication. The polymerase is comprised of the subunits PA, PB1, and PB2. The C-terminal RNA-binding domain in PB2 contains lysine 627 (PB2 627), which is associated with pathogenicity and host range. However, the structure and molecular mechanism of PB2 627 in solution remain obscure. Here, we investigated PB2 627 in solution by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and detected inhomogeneity in the intensities of backbone amide proton signals due to local fluctuations in structure. To characterize the effects of chemical chaperones on spectral data and improve the data quality, we tested 20 different additives, including L-arginine L-glutamate salt, (L-arginine)2SO4, glycerol, β-octylglucoside, 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl) dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate, Na2SO4, 1,5-diaminopentane, 1,4-diaminobutane, trehalose, sucrose, glycine, trimethylamine N-oxide, β-alanine, L-α-alanine, hydroxyectoine, betaine, L-proline, and non-detergent sulfobetaine 195, 201, and 256. We evaluated the quality of the resulting spectra by calculating the standard deviation and average of the ratio of signal intensities to noise level of amide peaks, as well as the ratio of the standard deviation to the average. NMR-profile analysis revealed diverse effects of additives on the dynamic properties of PB2 627. Based on such criteria, we found that small osmolytes such as glycine and L-α-alanine reduced structural fluctuations and improved the quality of spectral data, which is likely to facilitate a detailed NMR-based structural analysis. The methodology developed here may also be more generally useful for evaluating the effects of chemical chaperones on the structural integrity of proteins. The NMR spectrum of PB2 627 showed well dispersed signals. Its signal intensity was inhomogeneous, suggesting structural fluctuations. Glycine and L-α-alanine reduced structural fluctuations. Glycine and L-α-alanine improved the quality of spectral data of NMR.
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Key Words
- CHAPS, 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl) dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate
- DTT, dithiothreitol
- HSQC, heteronuclear single quantum coherence
- Influenza A virus
- Irel, ratio of signal intensity to noise level
- NDSB, non-detergent sulfobetaine
- NMR, additive
- NMR, nuclear magnetic resonance
- PB2 627
- PB2 627, C-terminal RNA-binding domain of PB2 containing lysine 627
- RNA polymerase
- S/N, signal-to-noise ratio
- TMAO, trimethylamine N-oxide
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke S Kato
- Institute for Health Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan.,Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.,Institute for Enzyme Research, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Masaru Tanokura
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Takashi Kuzuhara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
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20
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Lee CY, An SH, Kim I, Go DM, Kim DY, Choi JG, Lee YJ, Kim JH, Kwon HJ. Prerequisites for the acquisition of mammalian pathogenicity by influenza A virus with a prototypic avian PB2 gene. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10205. [PMID: 28860593 PMCID: PMC5579056 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09560-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The polymerase of avian influenza A virus (AIV) is a heterotrimer composed of PB2, PB1, and PA. PB2 plays a role in overcoming the host barrier; however, the genetic prerequisites for avian PB2 to acquire mammalian pathogenic mutations have not been well elucidated. Previously, we identified a prototypic avian PB2 that conferred non-replicative and non-pathogenic traits to a PR8-derived recombinant virus when it was used to infect mice. Here, we demonstrated that key amino acid mutations (I66M, I109V, and I133V, collectively referred to as MVV) of this prototypic avian PB2 increase the replication efficiency of recombinant PR8 virus carrying the mutated PB2 in both avian and mammalian hosts. The MVV mutations caused no weight loss in mice, but they did allow replication in infected lungs, and the viruses acquired fatal mammalian pathogenic mutations such as Q591R/K, E627K, or D701N in the infected lungs. The MVV mutations are located at the interfaces of the trimer and are predicted to increase the strength of this structure. Thus, gaining MVV mutations might be the first step for AIV to acquire mammalian pathogenicity. These results provide new insights into the evolution of AIV in birds and mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Young Lee
- Laboratory of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Hee An
- Laboratory of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ilhwan Kim
- Division of Antimicrobial Resistance, Center for Infectious Diseases, National Research Institute of Health, KCDC, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Du-Min Go
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Yong Kim
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Gu Choi
- Avian Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn-Jeong Lee
- Avian Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hong Kim
- Laboratory of Avian Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk-Joon Kwon
- Laboratory of Poultry Production Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Farm Animal Clinical Training and Research Center (FACTRC), GBST, Seoul National University, Kangwon-do, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Chen J, Zhang J, Zhu W, Zhang Y, Tan H, Liu M, Cai M, Shen J, Ly H, Chen J. First genome report and analysis of chicken H7N9 influenza viruses with poly-basic amino acids insertion in the hemagglutinin cleavage site. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9972. [PMID: 28855633 PMCID: PMC5577273 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10605-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the full-length sequence of two chicken source influenza A (H7N9) viruses found in Guangdong live poultry market (LPM) during the most recent wave of human infections (from October 2016 to the present time). These viruses carry insertion of poly-basic amino acids (KGKRTAR/G) at the protease cleavage site of the HA protein, which were previously found in the highly pathogenic (HP) human influenza A (H7N9) [IAV(H7N9)] strains. Phylogenetic analysis of these two novel avian influenza viruses (AIVs) suggested that their genomes reassorted between the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) and Pearl River Delta (PRD) clades. Molecular clock analysis indicated that they emerged several months before the HP human strains. Collectively, our results suggest that IAV(H7N9) viruses evolve in chickens through antigenic drift to include a signature HP sequence in the HA gene, which highlights challenges in risk assessment and public health management of IAV(H7N9) infections at the human-animal interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jidang Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China.,Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jipei Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Wanjun Zhu
- Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minnesota, USA
| | - Yishan Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Hualong Tan
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Minfang Liu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Mingsheng Cai
- Department of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiaren Shen
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention (SCDC), Shanghai, China
| | - Hinh Ly
- Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minnesota, USA.
| | - Jianhong Chen
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, China.
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Patel H, Kukol A. Evolutionary conservation of influenza A PB2 sequences reveals potential target sites for small molecule inhibitors. Virology 2017. [PMID: 28628827 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The influenza A basic polymerase protein 2 (PB2) functions as part of a heterotrimer to replicate the viral RNA genome. To investigate novel PB2 antiviral target sites, this work identified evolutionary conserved regions across the PB2 protein sequence amongst all sub-types and hosts, as well as ligand binding hot spots which overlap with highly conserved areas. Fifteen binding sites were predicted in different PB2 domains; some of which reside in areas of unknown function. Virtual screening of ~50,000 drug-like compounds showed binding affinities of up to -10.3kcal/mol. The highest affinity molecules were found to interact with conserved residues including Gln138, Gly222, Ile529, Asn540 and Thr530. A library containing 1738 FDA approved drugs was screened additionally and revealed Paliperidone as a top hit with a binding affinity of -10kcal/mol. Predicted ligands are ideal leads for new antivirals as they were targeted to evolutionary conserved binding sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hershna Patel
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, United Kingdom.
| | - Andreas Kukol
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, United Kingdom.
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Hara K, Kashiwagi T, Hamada N, Watanabe H. Basic amino acids in the N-terminal half of the PB2 subunit of influenza virus RNA polymerase are involved in both transcription and replication. J Gen Virol 2017; 98:900-905. [DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Koyu Hara
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Takahito Kashiwagi
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Hamada
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Watanabe
- Department of Infection Control and Prevention, Kurume University School of Medicine, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
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Role of the PB2 627 Domain in Influenza A Virus Polymerase Function. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.02467-16. [PMID: 28122973 PMCID: PMC5355620 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02467-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The RNA genome of influenza A viruses is transcribed and replicated by the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, composed of the subunits PA, PB1, and PB2. High-resolution structural data revealed that the polymerase assembles into a central polymerase core and several auxiliary highly flexible, protruding domains. The auxiliary PB2 cap-binding and the PA endonuclease domains are both involved in cap snatching, but the role of the auxiliary PB2 627 domain, implicated in host range restriction of influenza A viruses, is still poorly understood. In this study, we used structure-guided truncations of the PB2 subunit to show that a PB2 subunit lacking the 627 domain accumulates in the cell nucleus and assembles into a heterotrimeric polymerase with PB1 and PA. Furthermore, we showed that a recombinant viral polymerase lacking the PB2 627 domain is able to carry out cap snatching, cap-dependent transcription initiation, and cap-independent ApG dinucleotide extension in vitro, indicating that the PB2 627 domain of the influenza virus RNA polymerase is not involved in core catalytic functions of the polymerase. However, in a cellular context, the 627 domain is essential for both transcription and replication. In particular, we showed that the PB2 627 domain is essential for the accumulation of the cRNA replicative intermediate in infected cells. Together, these results further our understanding of the role of the PB2 627 domain in transcription and replication of the influenza virus RNA genome.IMPORTANCE Influenza A viruses are a major global health threat, not only causing disease in both humans and birds but also placing significant strains on economies worldwide. Avian influenza A virus polymerases typically do not function efficiently in mammalian hosts and require adaptive mutations to restore polymerase activity. These adaptations include mutations in the 627 domain of the PB2 subunit of the viral polymerase, but it still remains to be established how these mutations enable host adaptation on a molecular level. In this report, we characterize the role of the 627 domain in polymerase function and offer insights into the replication mechanism of influenza A viruses.
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25
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Hatakeyama D. Structural and Biochemical Analyses on the RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase of Influenza Virus for Development of Novel Anti-influenza Agents. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2017; 137:205-214. [PMID: 28154333 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.16-00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The PA, PB1, and PB2 subunits, components of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of influenza A virus, and the nucleoprotein (NP) interact with the genomic RNA of influenza viruses and form ribonucleoproteins. Especially, the PB2 subunit binds to the host RNA cap [7-methylguanosine triphosphate (m7GTP)] and supports the endonuclease activity of PA to "snatch" the cap from host pre-mRNAs. In this study, we describe a novel Val/Arg/Gly (VRG) site in the PB2 cap-binding domain, which is necessary for interaction with acetyl-CoA found in eukaryotic histone acetyltransferases (HATs). In vitro experiments revealed that the recombinant PB2 cap-binding domain that includes the VRG site interacts with acetyl-CoA; moreover, it was found that this interaction could be blocked by CoA and various HAT inhibitors. Interestingly, m7GTP also inhibited this interaction, suggesting that the same active pocket is capable of interacting with acetyl-CoA and m7GTP. To elucidate the importance of the VRG site on PB2 function and viral replication, we constructed a PB2 recombinant protein and recombinant viruses including several patterns of amino acid mutations in the VRG site. Substitutions of 2 or 3 amino acid residues of the VRG site to alanine significantly reduced PB2's binding ability to acetyl-CoA and its RNA polymerase activity. Recombinant viruses containing the same mutations could not be replicated in cultured cells. These results indicate that the PB2 VRG sequence is a functional site that is essential for acetyl-CoA interaction, RNA polymerase activity, and viral replication. I will also discuss some novel functions of NP in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Hatakeyama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University
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26
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Delaforge E, Milles S, Huang JR, Bouvier D, Jensen MR, Sattler M, Hart DJ, Blackledge M. Investigating the Role of Large-Scale Domain Dynamics in Protein-Protein Interactions. Front Mol Biosci 2016; 3:54. [PMID: 27679800 PMCID: PMC5020063 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2016.00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrinsically disordered linkers provide multi-domain proteins with degrees of conformational freedom that are often essential for function. These highly dynamic assemblies represent a significant fraction of all proteomes, and deciphering the physical basis of their interactions represents a considerable challenge. Here we describe the difficulties associated with mapping the large-scale domain dynamics and describe two recent examples where solution state methods, in particular NMR spectroscopy, are used to investigate conformational exchange on very different timescales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Delaforge
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, CEA, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, University Grenoble Alpes Grenoble, France
| | - Sigrid Milles
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, CEA, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, University Grenoble Alpes Grenoble, France
| | - Jie-Rong Huang
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, CEA, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, University Grenoble Alpes Grenoble, France
| | - Denis Bouvier
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, CEA, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, University Grenoble Alpes Grenoble, France
| | - Malene Ringkjøbing Jensen
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, CEA, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, University Grenoble Alpes Grenoble, France
| | - Michael Sattler
- Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum MünchenNeuherberg, Germany; Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich at Biomolecular NMR, Technische Universität MünchenGarching, Germany
| | - Darren J Hart
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, CEA, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, University Grenoble Alpes Grenoble, France
| | - Martin Blackledge
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, CEA, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, University Grenoble Alpes Grenoble, France
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27
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Shirayama R, Shoji M, Sriwilaijaroen N, Hiramatsu H, Suzuki Y, Kuzuhara T. Inhibition of PA endonuclease activity of influenza virus RNA polymerase by Kampo medicines. Drug Discov Ther 2016; 10:109-13. [DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2016.01010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Riku Shirayama
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University
| | - Masaki Shoji
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University
| | - Nongluk Sriwilaijaroen
- Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus)
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University
| | | | - Yasuo Suzuki
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University
| | - Takashi Kuzuhara
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University
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28
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Influenza virus polymerase: Functions on host range, inhibition of cellular response to infection and pathogenicity. Virus Res 2015; 209:23-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2015.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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29
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Delaforge E, Milles S, Bouvignies G, Bouvier D, Boivin S, Salvi N, Maurin D, Martel A, Round A, Lemke EA, Ringkjøbing Jensen M, Hart DJ, Blackledge M. Large-Scale Conformational Dynamics Control H5N1 Influenza Polymerase PB2 Binding to Importin α. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:15122-34. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b07765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elise Delaforge
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), F-38044 Grenoble, France
- CEA, DSV, IBS, F-38044 Grenoble, France
- CNRS, IBS, F-38044 Grenoble, France
| | - Sigrid Milles
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), F-38044 Grenoble, France
- CEA, DSV, IBS, F-38044 Grenoble, France
- CNRS, IBS, F-38044 Grenoble, France
| | - Guillaume Bouvignies
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), F-38044 Grenoble, France
- CEA, DSV, IBS, F-38044 Grenoble, France
- CNRS, IBS, F-38044 Grenoble, France
| | - Denis Bouvier
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), F-38044 Grenoble, France
- CEA, DSV, IBS, F-38044 Grenoble, France
- CNRS, IBS, F-38044 Grenoble, France
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, UVHCI, Grenoble, France
- CNRS, UVHCI, Grenoble, France
| | - Stephane Boivin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, UVHCI, Grenoble, France
- CNRS, UVHCI, Grenoble, France
- Unit for Virus Host Cell Interactions, Univ. Grenoble Alpes-EMBL-CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Nicola Salvi
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), F-38044 Grenoble, France
- CEA, DSV, IBS, F-38044 Grenoble, France
- CNRS, IBS, F-38044 Grenoble, France
| | - Damien Maurin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), F-38044 Grenoble, France
- CEA, DSV, IBS, F-38044 Grenoble, France
- CNRS, IBS, F-38044 Grenoble, France
| | - Anne Martel
- Institut Laue-Langevin, F-38044 Grenoble, France
| | - Adam Round
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Grenoble Outstation, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Edward A. Lemke
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Malene Ringkjøbing Jensen
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), F-38044 Grenoble, France
- CEA, DSV, IBS, F-38044 Grenoble, France
- CNRS, IBS, F-38044 Grenoble, France
| | - Darren J. Hart
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, UVHCI, Grenoble, France
- CNRS, UVHCI, Grenoble, France
- Unit for Virus Host Cell Interactions, Univ. Grenoble Alpes-EMBL-CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - Martin Blackledge
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), F-38044 Grenoble, France
- CEA, DSV, IBS, F-38044 Grenoble, France
- CNRS, IBS, F-38044 Grenoble, France
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30
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Taft AS, Ozawa M, Fitch A, Depasse JV, Halfmann PJ, Hill-Batorski L, Hatta M, Friedrich TC, Lopes TJS, Maher EA, Ghedin E, Macken CA, Neumann G, Kawaoka Y. Identification of mammalian-adapting mutations in the polymerase complex of an avian H5N1 influenza virus. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7491. [PMID: 26082035 PMCID: PMC4557292 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian influenza viruses of the H5N1 subtype pose a serious global health threat due to the high mortality (>60%) associated with the disease caused by these viruses and the lack of protective antibodies to these viruses in the general population. The factors that enable avian H5N1 influenza viruses to replicate in humans are not completely understood. Here we use a high-throughput screening approach to identify novel mutations in the polymerase genes of an avian H5N1 virus that confer efficient polymerase activity in mammalian cells. Several of the identified mutations (which have previously been found in natural isolates) increase viral replication in mammalian cells and virulence in infected mice compared with the wild-type virus. The identification of amino-acid mutations in avian H5N1 influenza virus polymerase complexes that confer increased replication and virulence in mammals is important for the identification of circulating H5N1 viruses with an increased potential to infect humans. Understanding the factors that enable some bird flu viruses to infect humans is important for the identification of circulating viruses with higher potential to infect us. Here, Taft et al.identify novel mutations in the polymerase of an avian H5N1 virus that help the virus to replicate in human cells and in mice![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Taft
- Influenza Research Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53711, USA
| | - Makoto Ozawa
- 1] Laboratory of Animal Hygiene, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan [2] Transboundary Animal Diseases Center, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Adam Fitch
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
| | - Jay V Depasse
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
| | - Peter J Halfmann
- Influenza Research Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53711, USA
| | - Lindsay Hill-Batorski
- Influenza Research Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53711, USA
| | - Masato Hatta
- Influenza Research Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53711, USA
| | - Thomas C Friedrich
- 1] Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison Wisconsin 53715, USA [2] Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison WI 53711, USA
| | - Tiago J S Lopes
- 1] Influenza Research Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53711, USA [2] Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology and International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Eileen A Maher
- Influenza Research Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53711, USA
| | - Elodie Ghedin
- 1] University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA [2] Department of Biology, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA
| | - Catherine A Macken
- Bioinformatics Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Gabriele Neumann
- Influenza Research Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53711, USA
| | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- 1] Influenza Research Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53711, USA [2] Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology and International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan [3] Infection-Induced Host Responses Project, Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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31
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Cryo-EM Structure of Influenza Virus RNA Polymerase Complex at 4.3 Å Resolution. Mol Cell 2015; 57:925-935. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2014.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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32
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Yu Z, Sun W, Li X, Chen Q, Chai H, Gao X, Guo J, Zhang K, Wang T, Feng N, Zheng X, Wang H, Zhao Y, Qin C, Huang G, Yang S, Hua Y, Zhang X, Gao Y, Xia X. Adaptive amino acid substitutions enhance the virulence of a reassortant H7N1 avian influenza virus isolated from wild waterfowl in mice. Virology 2014; 476:233-239. [PMID: 25555151 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2014.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
H7 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) have caused a number of human infections, highlighting the pandemic potential of them. However, the factors that promote their replication in mammals remain poorly understood. Here, we generated mouse-adapted variants of a reassortant H7N1 virus to identify adaptive changes that confer enhanced virulence in mammals. The mouse lethal doses (MLD50) of the variants were reduced >10,000-fold compared to the parental virus. Adapted variants displayed enhanced replication kinetics in vitro and vivo, and were capable of replicating in multiple organs. Analysis of the variant virus genomes revealed amino acid changes in the PB2 (E627K), HA (H3 numbering; E114K, G205E, and G218E), and NA (S350N) proteins. Notably, some amino acid changes have been identified in natural H7 isolates. Our results implicate a number of amino acid substitutions that collectively enhance the ability of a wild bird-origin H7N1 AIV to replicate and cause severe disease in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Yu
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Research Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiyang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Research Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Li
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Research Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, People's Republic of China; Changchun Institute of Biological Products, Changchun 130122, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Chen
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China; Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongliang Chai
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Gao
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Research Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Research Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Research Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiecheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Research Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Feng
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Research Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuexing Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Research Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, People's Republic of China
| | - Hualei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Research Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongkun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Research Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan Qin
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Geng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Research Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, People's Republic of China
| | - Songtao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Research Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuping Hua
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Changchun Institute of Biological Products, Changchun 130122, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuwei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Research Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xianzhu Xia
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Research Institute, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, People's Republic of China.
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33
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Pflug A, Guilligay D, Reich S, Cusack S. Structure of influenza A polymerase bound to the viral RNA promoter. Nature 2014; 516:355-60. [PMID: 25409142 DOI: 10.1038/nature14008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 363] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The influenza virus polymerase transcribes or replicates the segmented RNA genome (viral RNA) into viral messenger RNA or full-length copies. To initiate RNA synthesis, the polymerase binds to the conserved 3' and 5' extremities of the viral RNA. Here we present the crystal structure of the heterotrimeric bat influenza A polymerase, comprising subunits PA, PB1 and PB2, bound to its viral RNA promoter. PB1 contains a canonical RNA polymerase fold that is stabilized by large interfaces with PA and PB2. The PA endonuclease and the PB2 cap-binding domain, involved in transcription by cap-snatching, form protrusions facing each other across a solvent channel. The 5' extremity of the promoter folds into a compact hook that is bound in a pocket formed by PB1 and PA close to the polymerase active site. This structure lays the basis for an atomic-level mechanistic understanding of the many functions of influenza polymerase, and opens new opportunities for anti-influenza drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Pflug
- 1] European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Grenoble Outstation, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 90181, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France [2] University Grenoble Alpes-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-EMBL Unit of Virus Host-Cell Interactions, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 90181, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Delphine Guilligay
- 1] European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Grenoble Outstation, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 90181, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France [2] University Grenoble Alpes-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-EMBL Unit of Virus Host-Cell Interactions, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 90181, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Stefan Reich
- 1] European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Grenoble Outstation, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 90181, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France [2] University Grenoble Alpes-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-EMBL Unit of Virus Host-Cell Interactions, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 90181, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Stephen Cusack
- 1] European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Grenoble Outstation, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 90181, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France [2] University Grenoble Alpes-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-EMBL Unit of Virus Host-Cell Interactions, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 90181, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
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Yu Z, Cheng K, Xin Y, Sun W, Li X, Huang J, Zhang K, Yang S, Wang T, Zheng X, Wang H, Hua Y, Chai H, Qin C, Qian J, Gao Y, Xia X. Multiple amino acid substitutions involved in the adaptation of H6N1 avian influenza virus in mice. Vet Microbiol 2014; 174:316-321. [PMID: 25457364 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
H6N1 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) are one of the most abundantly detected avian influenza virus subtype, and a human H6N1 infection case has been reported in 2013. H6N1 AIVs may pose a potential human risk, however, the factors that promote the replication of H6N1 viruses in mammals remain poorly understood. Here, we generated mouse-adapted variants of a H6N1 virus (A/Mallard/SanJiang/275/2007) to identify adaptive changes that confer enhanced virulence to H6N1 viruses in mammals. After eight sequential passages in mice, the mouse lethal doses (MLD50) of the variants were reduced >1000-fold compared to the parental virus. We found that the variants displayed the greatest enhancement of replication in vitro and in vivo, and also were capable of replicating in the brains of infected mice. These observations suggest that enhanced growth characteristics and modified cell tropism may contribute to increased virulence of H6N1 AIVs in mice. Sequencing of the variants revealed amino acid changes in the PB2 (E627K), PA (T97I), and HA (N394T) proteins. Our results suggest that these mutations involved in the enhancement of the ability of H6N1 virus to efficient replicate and cause severe disease in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Yu
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Research Institute of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaihui Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Research Institute of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, People's Republic of China; Dairy Cattle Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250132, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Xin
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Research Institute of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiyang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Research Institute of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Li
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Research Institute of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Huang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Research Institute of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Research Institute of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, People's Republic of China
| | - Songtao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Research Institute of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiecheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Research Institute of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuexing Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Research Institute of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, People's Republic of China
| | - Hualei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Research Institute of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuping Hua
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongliang Chai
- College of Wildlife Resources, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan Qin
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Qian
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Research Institute of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuwei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Research Institute of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xianzhu Xia
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Military Veterinary Research Institute of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Changchun 130122, People's Republic of China.
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35
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Davis AM, Chabolla BJ, Newcomb LL. Emerging antiviral resistant strains of influenza A and the potential therapeutic targets within the viral ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) complex. Virol J 2014; 11:167. [PMID: 25228366 PMCID: PMC4180549 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-11-167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging antiviral resistant strains of influenza A virus are greatly limiting the therapies available to stop aggressive infections. Genome changes that confer resistance to the two classes of approved antivirals have been identified in circulating influenza A viruses. It is only a matter of time before the currently approved influenza A antivirals are rendered ineffective, emphasizing the need for additional influenza antiviral therapies. This review highlights the current state of antiviral resistance in circulating and highly pathogenic influenza A viruses and explores potential antiviral targets within the proteins of the influenza A virus ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) complex, drawing attention to the viral protein activities and interactions that play an indispensable role in the influenza life cycle. Investigation of small molecule inhibition, accelerated by the use of crystal structures of vRNP proteins, has provided important information about viral protein domains and interactions, and has revealed many promising antiviral drug candidates discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laura L Newcomb
- Department of Biology, California State University San Bernardino, 5500 University Parkway, San Bernardino, CA 92407, USA.
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Hatakeyama D, Shoji M, Yamayoshi S, Hirota T, Nagae M, Yanagisawa S, Nakano M, Ohmi N, Noda T, Kawaoka Y, Kuzuhara T. A novel functional site in the PB2 subunit of influenza A virus essential for acetyl-CoA interaction, RNA polymerase activity, and viral replication. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:24980-94. [PMID: 25063805 PMCID: PMC4155666 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.559708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The PA, PB1, and PB2 subunits, components of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of influenza A virus, are essential for viral transcription and replication. The PB2 subunit binds to the host RNA cap (7-methylguanosine triphosphate (m(7)GTP)) and supports the endonuclease activity of PA to "snatch" the cap from host pre-mRNAs. However, the structure of PB2 is not fully understood, and the functional sites remain unknown. In this study, we describe a novel Val/Arg/Gly (VRG) site in the PB2 cap-binding domain, which is involved in interaction with acetyl-CoA found in eukaryotic histone acetyltransferases (HATs). In vitro experiments revealed that the recombinant PB2 cap-binding domain that includes the VRG site interacts with acetyl-CoA; moreover, it was found that this interaction could be blocked by CoA and various HAT inhibitors. Interestingly, m(7)GTP also inhibited this interaction, suggesting that the same active pocket is capable of interacting with acetyl-CoA and m(7)GTP. To elucidate the importance of the VRG site on PB2 function and viral replication, we constructed a PB2 recombinant protein and recombinant viruses including several patterns of amino acid mutations in the VRG site. Substitutions of the valine and arginine residues or of all 3 residues of the VRG site to alanine significantly reduced the binding ability of PB2 to acetyl-CoA and its RNA polymerase activity. Recombinant viruses containing the same mutations could not be replicated in cultured cells. These results indicate that the PB2 VRG sequence is a functional site that is essential for acetyl-CoA interaction, RNA polymerase activity, and viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Hatakeyama
- From the Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
| | - Masaki Shoji
- From the Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
| | - Seiya Yamayoshi
- the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Virology, Institute of Medical Science, and
| | - Takenori Hirota
- From the Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
| | - Monami Nagae
- From the Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
| | - Shin Yanagisawa
- From the Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakano
- the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Virology, Institute of Medical Science, and PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan, and
| | - Naho Ohmi
- From the Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
| | - Takeshi Noda
- the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Virology, Institute of Medical Science, and PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan, and
| | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Virology, Institute of Medical Science, and the Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan, the Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53711
| | - Takashi Kuzuhara
- From the Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan,
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PB2 mutations D701N and S714R promote adaptation of an influenza H5N1 virus to a mammalian host. J Virol 2014; 88:8735-42. [PMID: 24899203 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00422-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Mutation D701N in the PB2 protein is known to play a prominent role in the adaptation of avian influenza A viruses to mammalian hosts. In contrast, little is known about the nearby mutations S714I and S714R, which have been observed in some avian influenza viruses highly pathogenic for mammals. We have generated recombinant H5N1 viruses with PB2 displaying the avian signature 701D or the mammalian signature 701N and serine, isoleucine, and arginine at position 714 and compared them for polymerase activity and virus growth in avian and mammalian cells, as well as for pathogenicity in mice. Mutation D701N led to an increase in polymerase activity and replication efficiency in mammalian cells and in mouse pathogenicity, and this increase was significantly enhanced when mutation D701N was combined with mutation S714R. Stimulation by mutation S714I was less distinct. These observations indicate that PB2 mutation S714R, in combination with the mammalian signature at position 701, has the potential to promote the adaptation of an H5N1 virus to a mammalian host. IMPORTANCE Influenza A/H5N1 viruses are avian pathogens that have pandemic potential, since they are spread over large parts of Asia, Africa, and Europe and are occasionally transmitted to humans. It is therefore of high scientific interest to understand the mechanisms that determine the host specificity and pathogenicity of these viruses. It is well known that the PB2 subunit of the viral polymerase is an important host range determinant and that PB2 mutation D701N plays an important role in virus adaptation to mammalian cells. In the present study, we show that mutation S714R is also involved in adaptation and that it cooperates with D701N in exposing a nuclear localization signal that mediates importin-α binding and entry of PB2 into the nucleus, where virus replication and transcription take place.
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Cauldwell AV, Long JS, Moncorgé O, Barclay WS. Viral determinants of influenza A virus host range. J Gen Virol 2014; 95:1193-1210. [DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.062836-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Typical avian influenza A viruses are restricted from replicating efficiently and causing disease in humans. However, an avian virus can become adapted to humans by mutating or recombining with currently circulating human viruses. These viruses have the potential to cause pandemics in an immunologically naïve human population. It is critical that we understand the molecular basis of host-range restriction and how this can be overcome. Here, we review our current understanding of the mechanisms by which influenza viruses adapt to replicate efficiently in a new host. We predominantly focus on the influenza polymerase, which remains one of the least understood host-range barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna V. Cauldwell
- Imperial College London, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Jason S. Long
- Imperial College London, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Olivier Moncorgé
- Imperial College London, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Wendy S. Barclay
- Imperial College London, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Norfolk Place, London W2 1PG, UK
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Lim K, Kim M, Lee MK, Ko J, Hong S, Choi BS. Biophysical characterization of sites of host adaptive mutation in the influenza A virus RNA polymerase PB2 RNA-binding domain. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 53:237-45. [PMID: 24875650 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Influenza RNA polymerase is composed of three subunits, PA, PB1, and PB2, which interact with each other for transcription and replication of the viral RNA genome in the nucleus of infected cells. PB2 RNA-binding 627-domain (residues 535-693), located in the C-terminus, presents a highly basic surface around residue lysine 627 and has been proposed to interact with viral or cellular factors, resulting in host adaptation. However, the function of this domain is not yet characterized in detail. In this study, we identified RNA-binding activity and RNA-binding surfaces in both the N-terminal and basic C-terminal regions of PB2 627-domain using NMR experiments. Through mutagenesis studies, we confirmed which residues directly interact with RNA and mapped their locations on the RNA-binding surface. In addition, by luciferase activity assays, we showed that influenza virus polymerase activity may correlate with the interaction between PB2 and RNA. Representative host adaptive mutations (residues 591 and 627) were found to be located on the RNA-binding surface and were confirmed to directly interact with RNA and to affect polymerase activity. From these results, we suggest that influenza virus polymerase activity may be regulated through the interaction between PB2 627-domain and RNA and that consequently host adaptation of the virus may be influenced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungeun Lim
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Meehyein Kim
- Virus Research and Testing Group, KRICT, Sinseongno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Kyung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsang Ko
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwoo Hong
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Byong-Seok Choi
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea.
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40
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Conserved features of the PB2 627 domain impact influenza virus polymerase function and replication. J Virol 2014; 88:5977-86. [PMID: 24623411 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00508-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Successful replication of influenza virus requires the coordinated expression of viral genes and replication of the genome by the viral polymerase, composed of the subunits PA, PB1, and PB2. Polymerase activity is regulated by both viral and host factors, yet the mechanisms of regulation and how they contribute to viral pathogenicity and tropism are poorly understood. To characterize these processes, we created a series of mutants in the 627 domain of the PB2 subunit. This domain contains a conserved "P[F/P]AAAPP" sequence motif and the well-described amino acid 627, whose identity regulates host range. A lysine present at position 627 in most mammalian viral isolates creates a basic face on the domain surface and confers high-level activity in humans compared to the glutamic acid found at this position in avian isolates. Mutation of the basic face or the P[F/P]AAAPP motif impaired polymerase activity, assembly of replication complexes, and viral replication. Most of these residues are required for general polymerase activity, whereas PB2 K586 and R589 were preferentially required for function in human versus avian cells. Thus, these data identify residues in the 627 domain and other viral proteins that regulate polymerase activity, highlighting the importance of the surface charge and structure of this domain for virus replication and host adaptation. IMPORTANCE Influenza virus faces barriers to transmission across species as it emerges from its natural reservoir in birds to infect mammals. The viral polymerase is an important regulator of this process and undergoes discrete changes to adapt to replication in mammals. Many of these changes occur in the polymerase subunit PB2. Here we describe the systematic analysis of a key region in PB2 that controls species-specific polymerase activity. We report the importance of conserved residues that contribute to the overall charge of the protein as well as those that likely affect protein structure. These findings provide further insight into the molecular events dictating species-specific polymerase function and viral replication.
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Guilligay D, Kadlec J, Crépin T, Lunardi T, Bouvier D, Kochs G, Ruigrok RWH, Cusack S. Comparative structural and functional analysis of orthomyxovirus polymerase cap-snatching domains. PLoS One 2014; 9:e84973. [PMID: 24454773 PMCID: PMC3893164 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Orthomyxovirus Influenza A virus (IAV) heterotrimeric polymerase performs transcription of viral mRNAs by cap-snatching, which involves generation of capped primers by host pre-mRNA binding via the PB2 subunit cap-binding site and cleavage 10–13 nucleotides from the 5′ cap by the PA subunit endonuclease. Thogotoviruses, tick-borne orthomyxoviruses that includes Thogoto (THOV), Dhori (DHOV) and Jos (JOSV) viruses, are thought to perform cap-snatching by cleaving directly after the cap and thus have no heterogeneous, host-derived sequences at the 5′ extremity of their mRNAs. Based on recent work identifying the cap-binding and endonuclease domains in IAV polymerase, we determined the crystal structures of two THOV PB2 domains, the putative cap-binding and the so-called ‘627-domain’, and the structures of the putative endonuclease domains (PA-Nter) of THOV and DHOV. Despite low sequence similarity, corresponding domains have the same fold confirming the overall architectural similarity of orthomyxovirus polymerases. However the putative Thogotovirus cap-snatching domains in PA and PB2 have non-conservative substitutions of key active site residues. Biochemical analysis confirms that, unlike the IAV domains, the THOV and DHOV PA-Nter domains do not bind divalent cations and have no endonuclease activity and the THOV central PB2 domain does not bind cap analogues. On the other hand, sequence analysis suggests that other, non-influenza, orthomyxoviruses, such as salmon anemia virus (isavirus) and Quaranfil virus likely conserve active cap-snatching domains correlating with the reported occurrence of heterogeneous, host-derived sequences at the 5′ end of the mRNAs of these viruses. These results highlight the unusual nature of transcription initiation by Thogotoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Guilligay
- University Grenoble Alpes, Unit of Virus Host-Cell Interactions, Grenoble, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unit of Virus Host-Cell Interactions, Grenoble, France
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Grenoble Outstation and Unit of Virus Host-Cell Interactions, Grenoble, France
| | - Jan Kadlec
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Grenoble Outstation and Unit of Virus Host-Cell Interactions, Grenoble, France
| | - Thibaut Crépin
- University Grenoble Alpes, Unit of Virus Host-Cell Interactions, Grenoble, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unit of Virus Host-Cell Interactions, Grenoble, France
| | - Thomas Lunardi
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Grenoble Outstation and Unit of Virus Host-Cell Interactions, Grenoble, France
| | - Denis Bouvier
- University Grenoble Alpes, Unit of Virus Host-Cell Interactions, Grenoble, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unit of Virus Host-Cell Interactions, Grenoble, France
| | - Georg Kochs
- Institute for Virology, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rob W. H. Ruigrok
- University Grenoble Alpes, Unit of Virus Host-Cell Interactions, Grenoble, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unit of Virus Host-Cell Interactions, Grenoble, France
| | - Stephen Cusack
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Grenoble Outstation and Unit of Virus Host-Cell Interactions, Grenoble, France
- * E-mail:
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Zhang H, Li X, Guo J, Li L, Chang C, Li Y, Bian C, Xu K, Chen H, Sun B. The PB2 E627K mutation contributes to the high polymerase activity and enhanced replication of H7N9 influenza virus. J Gen Virol 2014; 95:779-786. [PMID: 24394699 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.061721-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Human infection by H7N9 influenza virus was first identified in China in March 2013. As of 12 August 2013, a total of 135 documented cases with 44 fatalities had been reported. Genetic and laboratory analyses of the novel H7N9 viruses isolated from patients indicate that these viruses possess several polymerase gene mutations previously associated with human adaptation and potential pandemic capabilities. However, the function of these mutations in the emergence and pathogenicity of the viruses is not well known. In this study, we demonstrate that the PB2 E627K mutation, which occurs in over 70 % of the H7N9 patient isolates, promotes the replication of H7N9 virus by enhancing PB2 polymerase activity and enhances virulence in mice. Our results show the PB2 E627K mutation has played an important role in this H7N9 influenza outbreak and in the pathogenicity of the H7N9 virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, PR China
| | - Xuyong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Jing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Li Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, PR China
| | - Chong Chang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Chao Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, PR China
| | - Ke Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, PR China
| | - Hualan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, PR China
| | - Bing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, PR China
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Tsurumura T, Qiu H, Yoshida T, Tsumori Y, Tsuge H. Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction studies of a surface mutant of the middle domain of PB2 from human influenza A (H1N1) virus. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2014; 70:72-5. [PMID: 24419622 PMCID: PMC3943113 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x13032603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last hundred years, four influenza pandemics have been experienced, beginning with that in Spain in 1918. Influenza A virus causes severe pneumonia and its RNA polymerase is an important target for drug design. The influenza A (H1N1) virus has eight ribonucleoprotein complexes, which are composed of viral RNA, RNA polymerases and nucleoproteins. PB2 forms part of the RNA polymerase complex and plays an important role in binding to the cap structure of host mRNA. The middle domain of PB2 includes a cap-binding site. The structure of PB2 from H1N1 complexed with m(7)GTP has not been reported. Plate-like crystals of the middle domain of PB2 from H1N1 were obtained, but the quality of these crystals was not good. An attempt was made to crystallize the middle domain of PB2 complexed with m(7)GTP using a soaking method; however, electron density for m(7)GTP was not observed on preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis. This protein has hydrophobic residues on its surface and is stable in the presence of high salt concentrations. To improve the solubility, a surface double mutant (P453H and I471T) was prepared. These mutations change the surface electrostatic potential drastically. The protein was successfully prepared at a lower salt concentration and good cube-shaped crystals were obtained using this protein. Here, the crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of this mutant of the middle domain of PB2 are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiharu Tsurumura
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-Motoyama, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Hao Qiu
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-Motoyama, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Toru Yoshida
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-Motoyama, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Yayoi Tsumori
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-Motoyama, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Hideaki Tsuge
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-Motoyama, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
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Yan Z, Zhang L, Fu H, Wang Z, Lin J. Design of the influenza virus inhibitors targeting the PA endonuclease using 3D-QSAR modeling, side-chain hopping, and docking. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 24:539-47. [PMID: 24365156 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
With the emergence of drug resistance and the structural determination of the PA N-terminal domain (PAN), influenza endonucleases have become an attractive target for antiviral therapies for influenza infection. Here, we combined 3D-QSAR with side-chain hopping and molecular docking to produce novel structures as endonuclease inhibitors. First, a new molecular library was generated with side-chain hopping on an existing template molecule, L-742001, using an in-house fragment library that targets bivalent-cation-binding proteins. Then, the best 3D-QSAR model (AAAHR.500), with q(2)=0.76 and r(2)=0.97 from phase modeling, was constructed from 23 endonuclease inhibitors and validated with 17 test compounds. The AAAHR.500 model was then used to select effective candidates from the new molecular library. Combining 3D-QSAR with docking using Glide and Autodock, 13 compounds were considered the most likely candidate inhibitors. Docking studies showed that the binding modes of these compounds were consistent with the crystal structures of known inhibitors. These compounds could serve as potential endonuclease inhibitors for further biological activity tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Yan
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; High-Throughput Molecular Drug Discovery Center, Tianjin Joint Academy of Biomedicine and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Lijie Zhang
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; High-Throughput Molecular Drug Discovery Center, Tianjin Joint Academy of Biomedicine and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Haiyang Fu
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; High-Throughput Molecular Drug Discovery Center, Tianjin Joint Academy of Biomedicine and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Zhonghua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jianping Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; High-Throughput Molecular Drug Discovery Center, Tianjin Joint Academy of Biomedicine and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
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Tsurumura T, Qiu H, Yoshida T, Tsumori Y, Hatakeyama D, Kuzuhara T, Tsuge H. Conformational polymorphism of m7GTP in crystal structure of the PB2 middle domain from human influenza A virus. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82020. [PMID: 24312396 PMCID: PMC3843726 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza pandemics with human-to-human transmission of the virus are of great public concern. It is now recognized that a number of factors are necessary for human transmission and virulence, including several key mutations within the PB2 subunit of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. The structure of the middle domain in PB2 has been revealed with or without m(7)GTP, thus the middle domain is considered to be novel target for structure-based drug design. Here we report the crystal structure of the middle domain of H1N1 PB2 with or without m(7)GTP at 1.9 Å and 2.0 Å resolution, respectively, which has two mutations (P453H, I471T) to increase electrostatic potential and solubility. Here we report the m(7)GTP has unique conformation differ from the reported structure. 7-methyl-guanine is fixed in the pocket, but particularly significant change is seen in ribose and triphosphate region: the buried 7-methyl-guanine indeed binds in the pocket forming by H357, F404, E361 and K376 but the triphosphate continues directly to the outer domain. The presented conformation of m(7)GTP may be a clue for the anti-influenza drug-design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiharu Tsurumura
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-Motoyama, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hao Qiu
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-Motoyama, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toru Yoshida
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-Motoyama, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yayoi Tsumori
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-Motoyama, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Dai Hatakeyama
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takashi Kuzuhara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hideaki Tsuge
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-Motoyama, Kyoto, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Host restriction of influenza virus polymerase activity by PB2 627E is diminished on short viral templates in a nucleoprotein-independent manner. J Virol 2013; 88:339-44. [PMID: 24155385 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02022-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Most avian influenza viruses do not replicate efficiently in human cells. This is partly due to the low activity of the RNA polymerase of avian influenza viruses in mammalian cells. Nevertheless, this impediment can be overcome through an E→K adaptive mutation at residue 627 of the PB2 subunit of the polymerase. Accordingly, viral ribonucleoprotein (RNP) reconstitution assays show that a viral polymerase containing PB2 627E has impaired activity in mammalian cells compared to a viral polymerase that contains PB2 627K, characteristic of mammalian-adapted influenza viruses. In contrast, purified viral polymerases containing either PB2 627E or PB2 627K show comparable levels of activity in transcription assays that require no RNP assembly. We sought to reconcile these conflicting observations by using an NP-independent cell-based transcription/replication assay to assess viral polymerase activity. We found that PB2 627E polymerase restriction in mammalian cells is independent of NP expression but is dependent on the length of the viral RNA template. In addition, restriction of PB2 627E polymerase was overcome by mutations specific to the viral RNA template promoter sequence. Consequently, we propose that PB2 627E affects recruitment of the viral RNA promoter by the viral polymerase in mammalian cells.
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Vlachakis D, Karozou A, Kossida S. 3D Molecular Modelling Study of the H7N9 RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase as an Emerging Pharmacological Target. INFLUENZA RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2013; 2013:645348. [PMID: 24187616 PMCID: PMC3800656 DOI: 10.1155/2013/645348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Currently not much is known about the H7N9 strain, and this is the major drawback for a scientific strategy to tackle this virus. Herein, the 3D complex structure of the H7N9 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase has been established using a repertoire of molecular modelling techniques including homology modelling, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations. Strikingly, it was found that the oligonucleotide cleft and tunnel in the H7N9 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase are structurally very similar to the corresponding region on the hepatitis C virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase crystal structure. A direct comparison and a 3D postdynamics analysis of the 3D complex of the H7N9 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase provide invaluable clues and insight regarding the role and mode of action of a series of interacting residues on the latter enzyme. Our study provides a novel and efficiently intergraded platform with structural insights for the H7N9 RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase. We propose that future use and exploitation of these insights may prove invaluable in the fight against this lethal, ongoing epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Vlachakis
- Bioinformatics & Medical Informatics Team, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Soranou Efessiou 4, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Argiro Karozou
- Bioinformatics & Medical Informatics Team, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Soranou Efessiou 4, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Sophia Kossida
- Bioinformatics & Medical Informatics Team, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Soranou Efessiou 4, 11527 Athens, Greece
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Polymerase complex with lysine at position 627 of the PB2 of influenza virus A/Hong Kong/483/97 (H5N1) efficiently transcribes and replicates virus genes in mouse cells. Virus Res 2013; 178:404-10. [PMID: 24070983 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2013.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Revised: 08/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Influenza virus A/Hong Kong/483/97 (H5N1) (HK483-K) has the PB2 with lysine at position 627 (PB2-627K) and is highly pathogenic in chickens and mice. On the other hand, the pathogenicity of mutant virus (HK483-E), which was generated by substituting lysine with glutamic acid at the position of the PB2, is lower than that of HK483-K in mice, but is highly pathogenic in chickens. The PB2 is one of the components of heterotrimeric polymerase complex, which plays roles in the transcription and replication of virus genes. Cell-free polymerase assay revealed that intrinsic transcription activity of the polymerase complex with PB2-627K is higher than that of glutamic acid (PB2-627E). In chicken cells, transcription efficiency of the polymerase complex with PB2-627E was not lower than those with PB2-627K, indicating that transcription of virus genes is modulated by some host factors in chicken cells, resulting in high growth. Polymerase complex with PB2-627K efficiently transcribes and replicates virus polymerase genes in mouse cells, leading to high growth of HK483-K compared with that of HK483-E. The results of our experiments clearly suggest that efficient transcription and replication of virus genes by polymerase complex result in the higher pathogenicity in mice.
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Evaluation of phenotypic markers in full genome sequences of avian influenza isolates from California. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2013; 36:521-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2013.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Revised: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Shoji M, Takahashi E, Hatakeyama D, Iwai Y, Morita Y, Shirayama R, Echigo N, Kido H, Nakamura S, Mashino T, Okutani T, Kuzuhara T. Anti-influenza activity of c60 fullerene derivatives. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66337. [PMID: 23785493 PMCID: PMC3681905 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The H1N1 influenza A virus, which originated in swine, caused a global pandemic in 2009, and the highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus has also caused epidemics in Southeast Asia in recent years. Thus, the threat from influenza A remains a serious global health issue, and novel drugs that target these viruses are highly desirable. Influenza A RNA polymerase consists of the PA, PB1, and PB2 subunits, and the N-terminal domain of the PA subunit demonstrates endonuclease activity. Fullerene (C60) is a unique carbon molecule that forms a sphere. To identify potential new anti-influenza compounds, we screened 12 fullerene derivatives using an in vitro PA endonuclease inhibition assay. We identified 8 fullerene derivatives that inhibited the endonuclease activity of the PA N-terminal domain or full-length PA protein in vitro. We also performed in silico docking simulation analysis of the C60 fullerene and PA endonuclease, which suggested that fullerenes can bind to the active pocket of PA endonuclease. In a cell culture system, we found that several fullerene derivatives inhibit influenza A viral infection and the expression of influenza A nucleoprotein and nonstructural protein 1. These results indicate that fullerene derivatives are possible candidates for the development of novel anti-influenza drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Shoji
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Etsuhisa Takahashi
- Division of Enzyme Chemistry, Institute for Enzyme Research, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Dai Hatakeyama
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yuma Iwai
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yuka Morita
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Riku Shirayama
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Noriko Echigo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kido
- Division of Enzyme Chemistry, Institute for Enzyme Research, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shigeo Nakamura
- Department of Chemistry, Nippon Medical School, Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tadahiko Mashino
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Okutani
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Takashi Kuzuhara
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima, Japan
- * E-mail:
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