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Ishikawa M, Hamada K, Yamada Y, Kumai J, Katagiri F, Kikkawa Y, Nomizu M. Conformational dependence of integrin‐binding peptides derived from homologous loop regions in the laminin α chains. J Pept Sci 2020; 26:e3284. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.3284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Ishikawa
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences Tokyo Japan
| | - Keisuke Hamada
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences Tokyo Japan
| | - Yuji Yamada
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences Tokyo Japan
| | - Jun Kumai
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences Tokyo Japan
| | - Fumihiko Katagiri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences Tokyo Japan
| | - Yamato Kikkawa
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences Tokyo Japan
| | - Motoyoshi Nomizu
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences Tokyo Japan
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2
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Sandoval DR, Gomez Toledo A, Painter CD, Tota EM, Sheikh MO, West AMV, Frank MM, Wells L, Xu D, Bicknell R, Corbett KD, Esko JD. Proteomics-based screening of the endothelial heparan sulfate interactome reveals that C-type lectin 14a (CLEC14A) is a heparin-binding protein. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:2804-2821. [PMID: 31964714 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal cells express heparan sulfate proteoglycans that perform many important cellular functions by way of heparan sulfate-protein interactions. The identification of membrane heparan sulfate-binding proteins is challenging because of their low abundance and the need for extensive enrichment. Here, we report a proteomics workflow for the identification and characterization of membrane-anchored and extracellular proteins that bind heparan sulfate. The technique is based on limited proteolysis of live cells in the absence of denaturation and fixation, heparin-affinity chromatography, and high-resolution LC-MS/MS, and we designate it LPHAMS. Application of LPHAMS to U937 monocytic and primary murine and human endothelial cells identified 55 plasma membrane, extracellular matrix, and soluble secreted proteins, including many previously unidentified heparin-binding proteins. The method also facilitated the mapping of the heparin-binding domains, making it possible to predict the location of the heparin-binding site. To validate the discovery feature of LPHAMS, we characterized one of the newly-discovered heparin-binding proteins, C-type lectin 14a (CLEC14A), a member of the C-type lectin family that modulates angiogenesis. We found that the C-type lectin domain of CLEC14A binds one-to-one to heparin with nanomolar affinity, and using molecular modeling and mutagenesis, we mapped its heparin-binding site. CLEC14A physically interacted with other glycosaminoglycans, including endothelial heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate E, but not with neutral or sialylated oligosaccharides. The LPHAMS technique should be applicable to other cells and glycans and provides a way to expand the repertoire of glycan-binding proteins for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Sandoval
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Alejandro Gomez Toledo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Chelsea D Painter
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Ember M Tota
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - M Osman Sheikh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Alan M V West
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | | | - Lance Wells
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Ding Xu
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14214
| | - Roy Bicknell
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin D Corbett
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Jeffrey D Esko
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093; Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093.
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3
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Saury C, Lardenois A, Schleder C, Leroux I, Lieubeau B, David L, Charrier M, Guével L, Viau S, Delorme B, Rouger K. Human serum and platelet lysate are appropriate xeno-free alternatives for clinical-grade production of human MuStem cell batches. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:128. [PMID: 29720259 PMCID: PMC5932844 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0852-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canine MuStem cells have demonstrated regenerative efficacy in a dog model of muscular dystrophy, and the recent characterization of human counterparts (hMuStem) has highlighted the therapeutic potential of this muscle-derived stem cell population. To date, these cells have only been generated in research-grade conditions. However, evaluation of the clinical efficacy of any such therapy will require the production of hMuStem cells in compliance with good manufacturing practices (GMPs). Because the current use of fetal bovine serum (FBS) to isolate and expand hMuStem cells raises several ethical, safety, and supply concerns, we assessed the use of two alternative xeno-free blood derivatives: human serum (HS) and a human platelet lysate (hPL). METHODS hMuStem cells were isolated and expanded in vitro in either HS-supplemented or hPL-supplemented media and the proliferation rate, clonogenicity, myogenic commitment potential, and oligopotency compared with that observed in FBS-supplemented medium. Flow cytometry and high-throughput 3'-digital gene expression RNA sequencing were used to characterize the phenotype and global gene expression pattern of hMuStem cells cultured with HS or hPL. RESULTS HS-supplemented and hPL-supplemented media both supported the isolation and long-term proliferation of hMuStem cells. Compared with FBS-based medium, both supplements enhanced clonogenicity and allowed for a reduction in growth factor supplementation. Neither supplement altered the cell lineage pattern of hMuStem cells. In vitro differentiation assays revealed a decrease in myogenic commitment and in the fusion ability of hMuStem cells when cultured with hPL. In return, this reduction of myogenic potential in hPL-supplemented cultures was rapidly reversed by substitution of hPL with HS or fibrinogen-depleted hPL. Moreover, culture of hMuStem cells in hPL hydrogel and fibrinogen-depleted hPL demonstrated that myogenic differentiation potential is maintained in heparin-free hPL derivatives. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that HS and hPL are efficient and viable alternatives to FBS for the preparation of hMuStem cell batches in compliance with GMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Saury
- Macopharma, Biotherapy Division, F-59420, Mouvaux, France.,PAnTher, INRA, École Nationale Vétérinaire, Agro-alimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), F-44307, Nantes, France
| | - Aurélie Lardenois
- PAnTher, INRA, École Nationale Vétérinaire, Agro-alimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), F-44307, Nantes, France
| | - Cindy Schleder
- PAnTher, INRA, École Nationale Vétérinaire, Agro-alimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), F-44307, Nantes, France
| | - Isabelle Leroux
- PAnTher, INRA, École Nationale Vétérinaire, Agro-alimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), F-44307, Nantes, France
| | | | - Laurent David
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, UBL, F-44093, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, F-44093, Nantes, France.,Inserm UMS016, SFR François Bonamy, iPSC Core Facility, Nantes, France.,CNRS UMS 3556, Nantes, France.,Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Marine Charrier
- PAnTher, INRA, École Nationale Vétérinaire, Agro-alimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), F-44307, Nantes, France.,Institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Université de Nantes, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Laëtitia Guével
- PAnTher, INRA, École Nationale Vétérinaire, Agro-alimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), F-44307, Nantes, France.,Université de Nantes, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Sabrina Viau
- Macopharma, Biotherapy Division, F-59420, Mouvaux, France
| | - Bruno Delorme
- Macopharma, Biotherapy Division, F-59420, Mouvaux, France
| | - Karl Rouger
- PAnTher, INRA, École Nationale Vétérinaire, Agro-alimentaire et de l'alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Université Bretagne Loire (UBL), F-44307, Nantes, France. .,INRA, UMR 703, École Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'Alimentation Nantes-Atlantique (Oniris), Route de Gachet, CS. 40706, F-44307, Nantes, France.
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4
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Yamada H, Mori S, Miyakawa T, Morikawa R, Katagiri F, Hozumi K, Kikkawa Y, Nomizu M, Takasu M. Structural Study of Cell Attachment Peptide Derived from Laminin by Molecular Dynamics Simulation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149474. [PMID: 26889829 PMCID: PMC4759364 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptides with cell attachment activity are beneficial component of biomaterials for tissue engineering. Conformational structure is one of the important factors for the biological activities. The EF1 peptide (DYATLQLQEGRLHFMFDLG) derived from laminin promotes cell spreading and cell attachment activity mediated by α2β1 integrin. Although the sequence of the EF2 peptide (DFATVQLRNGFPYFSYDLG) is homologous sequence to that of EF1, EF2 does not promote cell attachment activity. To determine whether there are structural differences between EF1 and EF2, we performed replica exchange molecular dynamics (REMD) simulations and conventional molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. We found that EF1 and EF2 had β-sheet structure as a secondary structure around the global minimum. However, EF2 had variety of structures around the global minimum compared with EF1 and has easily escaped from the bottom of free energy. The structural fluctuation of the EF1 is smaller than that of the EF2. The structural variation of EF2 is related to these differences in the structural fluctuation and the number of the hydrogen bonds (H-bonds). From the analysis of H-bonds in the β-sheet, the number of H-bonds in EF1 is larger than that in EF2 in the time scale of the conventional MD simulation, suggesting that the formation of H-bonds is related to the differences in the structural fluctuation between EF1 and EF2. From the analysis of other non-covalent interactions in the amino acid sequences of EF1 and EF2, EF1 has three pairs of residues with hydrophobic interaction, and EF2 has two pairs. These results indicate that several non-covalent interactions are important for structural stabilization. Consequently, the structure of EF1 is stabilized by H-bonds and pairs of hydrophobic amino acids in the terminals. Hence, we propose that non-covalent interactions around N-terminal and C-terminal of the peptides are crucial for maintaining the β-sheet structure of the peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironao Yamada
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432–1 Horinouchi, Hachiouji, Tokyo 192–0392, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Sakiko Mori
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432–1 Horinouchi, Hachiouji, Tokyo 192–0392, Japan
| | - Takeshi Miyakawa
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432–1 Horinouchi, Hachiouji, Tokyo 192–0392, Japan
| | - Ryota Morikawa
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432–1 Horinouchi, Hachiouji, Tokyo 192–0392, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Katagiri
- School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432–1 Horinouchi, Hachiouji, Tokyo 192–0392, Japan
| | - Kentaro Hozumi
- School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432–1 Horinouchi, Hachiouji, Tokyo 192–0392, Japan
| | - Yamato Kikkawa
- School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432–1 Horinouchi, Hachiouji, Tokyo 192–0392, Japan
| | - Motoyoshi Nomizu
- School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432–1 Horinouchi, Hachiouji, Tokyo 192–0392, Japan
| | - Masako Takasu
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432–1 Horinouchi, Hachiouji, Tokyo 192–0392, Japan
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5
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Katagiri F, Hara T, Yamada Y, Urushibata S, Hozumi K, Kikkawa Y, Nomizu M. Biological activities of the homologous loop regions in the laminin α chain LG modules. Biochemistry 2014; 53:3699-708. [PMID: 24850085 DOI: 10.1021/bi5003822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Each laminin α chain (α1-α5 chains) has chain-specific diverse biological functions. The C-terminal globular domain of the α chain consists of five laminin-like globular (LG1-5) modules and plays a critical role in biological activities. The LG modules consist of a 14-stranded β-sheet (A-N) sandwich structure. Previously, we described the chain-specific biological activities of the loop regions between the E and F strands in the LG4 modules using five homologous peptides (G4EF1-G4EF5). Here, we further analyze the biological activities of the E-F strands loop regions in the rest of LG modules. We designed 20 homologous peptides (approximately 20 amino acid length), and 17 soluble peptides were used for the cell attachment assay. Thirteen peptides promoted cell attachment activity with different cell morphologies. Cell attachment to peptides G1EF1, G1EF2, G2EF1, G3EF4, and G5EF4 was inhibited by heparin, and peptides G1EF1, G1EF2, and G2EF1 specifically bound to syndecan-overexpressing cells. Cell attachment to peptides G2EF3, G3EF1, G3EF3, G5EF1, G5EF3, and G5EF5 was inhibited EDTA. Further, cell attachment to peptides G3EF3, G5EF1, and G5EF5 was inhibited by both anti-integrin α2 and β1 antibodies, whereas cell attachment to peptide G5EF3 was inhibited by only anti-integrin β1 antibody. Cell attachment to peptides G1EF4, G3EF4, and G5EF4 was inhibited by both heparin and EDTA and was not inhibited by anti-integrin antibodies. The active peptide sequence alignments suggest that the syndecan-binding peptides contain a "basic amino acid (BAA)-Gly-BAA" motif in the middle of the molecule and that the integrin-binding peptides contain an "acidic amino acid (AAA)"-Gly-BAA motif. Core-switched peptide analyses suggested that the "BAA-Gly-BAA" motif is critical for binding to syndecans and that the "AAA-Gly-BAA" motif has potential to recognize integrins. These findings are useful for understanding chain-specific biological activities of laminins and to evaluate receptor-specific binding mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiko Katagiri
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences , Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
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6
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Suzuki N, Hozumi K, Urushibata S, Yoshimura T, Kikkawa Y, Gumerson JD, Michele DE, Hoffman MP, Yamada Y, Nomizu M. Identification of alpha-dystroglycan binding sequences in the laminin alpha2 chain LG4-5 module. Matrix Biol 2009; 29:143-51. [PMID: 19800000 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2009.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2009] [Revised: 09/19/2009] [Accepted: 09/21/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The biological activities of the laminin alpha2 chain LG4-5 module result from interactions with cell surface receptors, such as heparan sulfate proteoglycans and alpha-dystroglycan. In this study, heparin and alpha-dystroglycan binding sequences were identified using 42 overlapping synthetic peptides from the LG4-5 module and using recombinant LG4-5 protein (rec-alpha2LG4-5). Physiological activities of the active peptides were also examined in explants of submandibular glands. Heparin binding screens showed that the A2G78 peptide (GLLFYMARINHA) bound to heparin and prevented its binding to rec-alpha2LG4-5. Furthermore, alanine substitution of the arginine residue in the A2G78 site on rec-alpha2LG4-5 decreased heparin binding activity. When alpha-dystroglycan binding of the peptides was screened, two peptides, A2G78 and A2G80 (VQLRNGFPYFSY), bound alpha-dystroglycan. A2G78 and A2G80 also inhibited alpha-dystroglycan binding of rec-alpha2LG4-5. A2G78 and A2G80 specifically inhibited end bud formation of submandibular glands in culture. These results suggest that the A2G78 and A2G80 sites play functional roles as heparan sulfate- and alpha-dystroglycan-binding sites in the module. These peptides are useful for elucidating molecular mechanisms of heparan sulfate- and/or alpha-dystroglycan-mediated biological functions of the laminin alpha2 chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuharu Suzuki
- Laboratory of Clinical Biochemistry, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
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7
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Jung SY, Kim JM, Kang HK, Jang DH, Min BM. A biologically active sequence of the laminin alpha2 large globular 1 domain promotes cell adhesion through syndecan-1 by inducing phosphorylation and membrane localization of protein kinase Cdelta. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:31764-75. [PMID: 19762914 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.038547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Laminin-2 promotes basement membrane assembly and peripheral myelinogenesis; however, a receptor-binding motif within laminin-2 and the downstream signaling pathways for motif-mediated cell adhesion have not been fully established. The human laminin-2 alpha2 chain cDNAs cloned from human keratinocytes and fibroblasts correspond to the laminin alpha2 chain variant sequence from the human brain. Individually expressed recombinant large globular (LG) 1 protein promotes cell adhesion and has heparin binding activities. Studies with synthetic peptides delineate the DLTIDDSYWYRI motif (Ln2-P3) within the LG1 as a major site for both heparin and cell binding. Cell adhesion to LG1 and Ln2-P3 is inhibited by treatment of heparitinase I and chondroitinase ABC. Syndecan-1 from PC12 cells binds to LG1 and Ln2-P3 and colocalizes with both molecules. Suppression of syndecan-1 with RNA interference inhibits cell adhesion to LG1 and Ln2-P3. The binding of syndecan-1 with LG1 and Ln2-P3 induces the recruitment of protein kinase Cdelta (PKCdelta) into the membrane and stimulates its tyrosine phosphorylation. A decrease in PKCdelta activity significantly reduces cell adhesion to LG1 and Ln2-P3. Taken together, these results indicate that the Ln2-P3 motif and LG1 domain, containing the motif, within the human laminin-2 alpha2 chain are major ligands for syndecan-1, which mediates cell adhesion through the PKCdelta signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Youn Jung
- Department of Oral Biochemistry and Program of Craniomaxillofacial Reconstruction Science, Dental Research Institute, Intellectual Biointerface Engineering Center, BK21 CLS, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul 110-749, Korea
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Yamashita H, Goto C, Tajima R, Koparal AT, Kobori M, Ohki Y, Shitara K, Narita R, Toriyama K, Torii S, Niimi T, Kitagawa Y. Cryptic fragment alpha4 LG4-5 derived from laminin alpha4 chain inhibits de novo adipogenesis by modulating the effect of fibroblast growth factor-2. Dev Growth Differ 2007; 50:97-107. [PMID: 18067585 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-169x.2007.00979.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cleavage of the extracellular matrix (ECM) by proteolysis unmasks cryptic sites and generates novel fragments with biological activities functionally distinct from those of the intact ECM molecule. The laminin G-like (LG)4-5 fragment has been shown to be excised from the laminin alpha4 chain in various tissues. However, the functional role of this fragment has remained unknown to date. To investigate this, we prepared alpha4 LG1-3 and alpha4 LG4-5 fragments by elastase digestion of recombinant alpha4 LG1-5, and examined their effects on de novo adipogenesis in mice at the site of injection of basement membrane extract (Matrigel) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2. Although the addition of whole alpha4 LG1-5 suppressed adipogenesis to some extent, the alpha4 LG4-5 fragment could strongly suppress adipogenesis at a concentration of less than 20 nm. Addition of the alpha4 LG4 module, which contains a heparin-binding region, had a suppressive effect, but this was lost in mutants with reduced heparin-binding activity. In addition, antibodies against the extracellular domain of syndecan-2 and -4, which are known receptors for the alpha4 LG4 module, suppressed adipogenesis. Thus, these results suggest that the cryptic alpha4 LG4-5 fragment derived from the laminin alpha4 chain inhibits de novo adipogenesis by modulating the effect of FGF-2 through syndecans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironobu Yamashita
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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9
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Berfield AK, Hansen KM, Abrass CK. Rat glomerular mesangial cells require laminin-9 to migrate in response to insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2006; 291:C589-99. [PMID: 16672690 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00623.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Temporal and spatial differences in extracellular matrix play critical roles in cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. Different migratory stimuli use different substrates and receptors to achieve cell migration. To understand the mechanism of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5 (IGFBP-5)-induced migration in mesangial cells, the roles of integrins and substrates were examined. IGFBP-5 induced an increase in mRNA expression for laminin (LN) chains lama4, lamb2, and lamc1, suggesting that LN-9 might be required for migration. Antibodies to the LNalpha(4) and LNbeta(2) chains, but not LNbeta(1), blocked IGFBP-5-induced migration. Anti-sense morpholino oligonucleotide inhibition of expression of LNalpha(4) substantially reduced expression of LN-8/9 (alpha(4)beta(1)gamma(1)/alpha(4)beta(2)gamma(1), 411/421) and prevented IGFBP-5-induced migration. Anti-sense inhibition of lamb2 reduced expression of LN-9. Absence of LN-9 prevented IGFBP-5-induced migration, which was not preserved by continued expression of LN-8. The requirement for LN-9 was further supported by studies of T98G cells, which express predominantly LN-8. IGFBP-5 had little effect on migration in these cells, but increased migration when T98G cells were plated on LN-8/9. IGFBP-5-mediated mesangial cell migration was inhibited by antibodies that block attachment to alpha(6)beta(1)-integrins but was unaffected by antibodies and disintegrins that block binding to other integrins. Furthermore, in cells with anti-sense inhibited expression of LN-9, integrin alpha(6)beta(1) was no longer detected on the cell surface. These studies suggest the specificity of mechanisms of migration induced by specific stimuli and for the first time demonstrate a unique function for LN-9 in mediating IGFBP-5-induced migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne K Berfield
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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10
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Yamashita H, Goto A, Kadowaki T, Kitagawa Y. Mammalian and Drosophila cells adhere to the laminin alpha4 LG4 domain through syndecans, but not glypicans. Biochem J 2005; 382:933-43. [PMID: 15182231 PMCID: PMC1133969 DOI: 10.1042/bj20040558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2004] [Revised: 05/28/2004] [Accepted: 06/08/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that the LG4 (laminin G-like) domain of the laminin alpha4 chain is responsible for the significantly higher affinity of the alpha4 chain to heparin than found for other alpha chains [Yamaguchi, Yamashita, Mori, Okazaki, Nomizu, Beck and Kitagawa (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275, 29458-29465]; four basic residues were identified to be essential for this activity [Yamashita, Beck and Kitagawa (2004) J. Mol. Biol. 335, 1145-1149]. By creating GST (glutathione S-transferase)-fused LG1, LG2, LG4 and LG5 proteins, we found that only LG4 is active for the adhesion of human HT1080 cells, human umbilical vein endothelial cells and Drosophila haemocytes Kc167 with a half-saturating concentration of 20 microg/ml. Adhesion was counteracted by treatment of the cells with heparin, heparan sulphate and heparitinase I. Upon mutating the four basic residues essential for heparin binding within LG4, the adhesion activity was abolished. Pull-down experiments using glutathione beads/GST-fusion proteins indicate a direct interaction of LG4 with syndecan-4, which might be the major receptor for cell adhesion. Neither the release of glypican-1 by treating human cells with phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C nor targeted knockdown of dally or dally-like protein impaired the cell-adhesion activity. As the LG4-LG5 domain of the alpha4 chain is cleaved in vivo from the main body of laminin-8 (alpha4beta1gamma1), we suggest that the heparan sulphate proteoglycan-binding activity of LG4 is significant in modulating the signalling of Wnt, Decapentaplegic and fibroblast growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironobu Yamashita
- Graduate Courses for Regulation of Biological Signals, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Akira Goto
- Graduate Courses for Regulation of Biological Signals, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Kadowaki
- Graduate Courses for Regulation of Biological Signals, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Yasuo Kitagawa
- Graduate Courses for Regulation of Biological Signals, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
- To whom correspondence should be addressed (email )
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11
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Abstract
Laminins, heterotrimers composed of alpha, beta, and gamma chains, are multifunctional glycoproteins present in basement membranes. Laminins, the most important component of basement membranes during basement membrane assembly in early development, are involved in various biological activities such as cell adhesion, migration, growth, differentiation, tumor metastasis, and angiogenesis. Fully 15 laminin isoforms have been identified and are tissue- and/or developmental stage-specifically expressed. Integrins, dystroglycan, syndecans, and the other several cell surface molecules are cellular receptors for laminins. The globular domains located in the N- and C-terminus of the laminin alpha chains are critical for interactions with the cellular receptors. There are highly conserved functional sites and chain-specific functional sites among the laminin alpha chains. Additionally, laminins are processed by specific endogenous proteases and the processing regulates laminin functions. Binding of the functional sequences in laminins to the cellular receptors triggers intracellular signaling, followed by inducing various cell activities including cell spreading and migration. Laminins possess multifunctional sequences and are key molecules that determine cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuharu Suzuki
- School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Narita R, Yamashita H, Goto A, Imai H, Ichihara S, Mori H, Kitagawa Y. Syndecan-dependent binding of Drosophila hemocytes to laminin alpha3/5 chain LG4-5 modules: potential role in sessile hemocyte islets formation. FEBS Lett 2004; 576:127-32. [PMID: 15474023 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2004.08.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2004] [Revised: 08/16/2004] [Accepted: 08/25/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Heparin-column chromatography and elastase-digestion of medium from hemocyte Kc167 gave Drosophila laminin alpha3/5betagamma trimer, alpha3/5LG2-3 and alpha3/5LG4-5 modules with eluting NaCl concentrations of 450, 280 and 450 mM, respectively. Kc167 cells bound dish surface with alpha3/5betagamma trimer or alpha3/5LG4-5, but not with alpha3/5LG2-3 modules. Cell binding was counteracted by treating with heparin or heparan sulfate. RNA interference of syndecan in Kc167 cells impaired the binding, but that of dally or dally-like did not. Green fluorescent protein-expressing hemocytes also bound surface with alpha3/5betagamma trimer or alpha3/5LG4-5 module. Thus, syndecan-dependent binding of hemocytes to laminin may have a potential role in sessile hemocytes islets formation in T2-A8 segments of Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Narita
- Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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13
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Matsuura H, Momota Y, Murata K, Matsushima H, Suzuki N, Nomizu M, Shinkai H, Utani A. Localization of the Laminin α4 Chain in the Skin and Identification of a Heparin-Dependent Cell Adhesion Site Within the Laminin α4 Chain C-Terminal LG4 Module. J Invest Dermatol 2004; 122:614-20. [PMID: 15086543 DOI: 10.1111/j.0022-202x.2004.22325.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The laminin alpha4 chain, a component of laminin-8/9, is expressed in basement membranes of endothelial cells, the peripheral nerves, and muscle fibers. The localization and functions of laminin alpha4 chain in the skin have not been elucidated. By immunostaining with specific antibodies, we demonstrate here that the alpha4 chain is located in the basement membrane zones of blood vessels and is also associated with fibroblast-like cells in the dermis. Western blot showed that cultured fibroblasts secreted a laminin trimer containing the alpha4 chain. We have also focused on the cell adhesion activities of the human laminin alpha4 LG4 module since the corresponding LG4 module of laminin alpha3 was previously identified as active for cell adhesion. Recombinant human alpha4 LG4 was active for heparin-dependent fibroblast adhesion. Screening assays with 19 synthetic peptides covering the entire alpha4 LG4 module identified three peptides (HA4G82: TLFLAHGRLVYM; HA4G83: LVYMFNVGHKKL; and HA4G90: TEATWKIKGPIYL) as active sites for heparin- and heparan sulfate-dependent cell adhesion. Serine-substituted peptides demonstrated that two basic residues, His and Arg, within HA4G82 were essential for cell adhesion activity. The cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), syndecan-2, -4, and glypican-1, were stably expressed in 293T cells to estimate whether they function as cell adhesion receptors. 293T cells overexpressing syndecan-2 or -4 bound to recombinant alpha4 LG4 and to HA4G82, but parental or glypican-1-overexpressing 293T cells did not. Therefore, syndecan-2 and -4 could mediate cell adhesion to the laminin alpha4 LG4 module. Our study suggests that the laminin alpha4 LG4 module may play an important role in cell adhesion and/or vessel wall formation in the skin by interacting with syndecan-2 and/or -4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Matsuura
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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14
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Yamashita H, Beck K, Kitagawa Y. Heparin binds to the laminin alpha4 chain LG4 domain at a site different from that found for other laminins. J Mol Biol 2004; 335:1145-9. [PMID: 14729333 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2003.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that the LG4 domain of the laminin alpha4 chain is responsible for high-affinity heparin binding. To specify the amino acid residues involved in this activity, we produced a series of alpha4 LG4-fusion proteins in which each of the 27 basic residues (arginine, R; histidine; lysine, K) were replaced one by one with alanine (A). When the effective residues R1520A, K1531A, K1533A, and K1539A are mapped on a structural model, they form a track on the concave surface of the beta-sandwich, suggesting that they interact with adjacent sulfate groups along the heparin chain. Whereas low-affinity heparin-binding sites of other LG domains have been located at the top of the beta-sheet sandwich opposite the N and C termini, the residues for high-affinity heparin binding of alpha4 LG4 reveal a new topological area of the LG module.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironobu Yamashita
- Graduate Courses for Regulation of Biological Signals, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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15
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Ido H, Harada K, Futaki S, Hayashi Y, Nishiuchi R, Natsuka Y, Li S, Wada Y, Combs AC, Ervasti JM, Sekiguchi K. Molecular dissection of the alpha-dystroglycan- and integrin-binding sites within the globular domain of human laminin-10. J Biol Chem 2003; 279:10946-54. [PMID: 14701821 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m313626200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The adhesive interactions of cells with laminins are mediated by integrins and non-integrin-type receptors such as alpha-dystroglycan and syndecans. Laminins bind to these receptors at the C-terminal globular domain of their alpha chains, but the regions recognized by these receptors have not been mapped precisely. In this study, we sought to locate the binding sites of laminin-10 (alpha5beta1gamma1) for alpha(3)beta(1) and alpha(6)beta(1) integrins and alpha-dystroglycan through the production of a series of recombinant laminin-10 proteins with deletions of the LG (laminin G-like) modules within the globular domain. We found that deletion of the LG4-5 modules did not compromise the binding of laminin-10 to alpha(3)beta(1) and alpha(6)beta(1) integrins but completely abrogated its binding to alpha-dystroglycan. Further deletion up to the LG3 module resulted in loss of its binding to the integrins, underlining the importance of LG3 for integrin binding by laminin-10. When expressed individually as fusion proteins with glutathione S-transferase or the N-terminal 70-kDa region of fibronectin, only LG4 was capable of binding to alpha-dystroglycan, whereas neither LG3 nor any of the other LG modules retained the ability to bind to the integrins. Site-directed mutagenesis of the LG3 and LG4 modules indicated that Asp-3198 in the LG3 module is involved in the integrin binding by laminin-10, whereas multiple basic amino acid residues in the putative loop regions are involved synergistically in the alpha-dystroglycan binding by the LG4 module.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Ido
- Division of Protein Chemistry, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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16
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Suzuki N, Nakatsuka H, Mochizuki M, Nishi N, Kadoya Y, Utani A, Oishi S, Fujii N, Kleinman HK, Nomizu M. Biological activities of homologous loop regions in the laminin alpha chain G domains. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:45697-705. [PMID: 12933811 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m304667200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Laminin alpha chains (alpha1-alpha5 chains) have diverse chain-specific biological functions. The LG4 modules of laminin alpha chains consist of a 14-stranded beta-sheet (A-N) sandwich structure. Several biologically active sequences have been identified in the connecting loop regions. Here, we evaluated the biological activities of the loop regions of the E and F strands in the LG4 modules using five homologous peptides from each of the mouse alpha chains (EF-1: DYATLQLQEGRLHFMFDLG, alpha1 chain 2747-2765; EF-2: DFGTVQLRNGFPFFSYDLG, alpha2 chain 2808-2826; EF-3: RDSFVALYLSEGHVIFALG, alpha3 chain 2266-2284; EF-4: DFMTLFLAHGRLVFMFNVG, alpha4 chain 1511-1529; EF-5: SPSLVLFLNHGHFVAQTEGP, alpha5 chain 3304-3323). These homologous peptides showed chain-specific cell attachment and neurite outgrowth activities. Well organized actin stress fibers and focal contacts with vinculin accumulation were observed in fibroblasts attached on EF-1, whereas fibroblasts on EF-2 and EF-4 showed filopodia with ruffling. Fibroblast attachment to EF-2 and EF-4 was mediated by syndecan-2. In contrast, EF-1 promoted alpha2beta1 integrin-mediated fibroblast attachment and inhibited fibroblast attachment to a recombinant laminin alpha1 chain LG4-5. The receptors for EF-3 and EF-5 are unknown. Further, when the active core sequence of EF-1 was cyclized, utilizing two additional cysteine residues at both the N and C termini through a disulfide bridge, the cyclic peptide significantly enhanced integrin-mediated cell attachment. These results indicate that integrin-mediated cell attachment to the EF-1 sequence is conformation-dependent and that the loop structure is important for the activity. The homologous peptides, which promote either integrin- or syndecan-mediated cell attachment, may be useful for understanding the cell type- and chain-specific biological activities of the laminins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuharu Suzuki
- Graduate School of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
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17
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Kadoya Y, Mochizuki M, Nomizu M, Sorokin L, Yamashina S. Role for laminin-α5 chain LG4 module in epithelial branching morphogenesis. Dev Biol 2003; 263:153-64. [PMID: 14568553 DOI: 10.1016/s0012-1606(03)00446-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Laminin-alpha5 chain was localized in all epithelial basement membranes (BMs) of mouse submandibular gland (SMG) from the onset of branching morphogenesis and became restricted to BMs of epithelial ducts in the adult. To investigate whether the laminin-alpha5 chain plays a role in branching morphogenesis, a set of cell-adhesive peptides from the C-terminal globular domains (LG1-5) was tested for their effects in SMG organ cultures. One peptide, LVLFLNHGH (A5G77f), which represents a sequence located in the connecting loop between strands E and F of LG4, perturbed branching morphogenesis and resulted in irregularities in the contours of epithelial structures, with formation of deep clefts. The data suggest a role for the laminin-alpha5 LG4 module in the development of the duct system, rather than in the bifurcation of epithelial clusters. The epithelial BM of A5G77f-peptide-treated explants was continuous, which was in contrast to our previous finding of impaired epithelial BM assembly in explants treated with the laminin-alpha1 LG4 module peptide, or with a monoclonal antibody against this domain. A5G77f also perturbed in vitro development of lung and kidney. These results suggest a crucial role for the LG4 module of laminin-alpha5 in epithelial morphogenesis that is distinct from that of the laminin-alpha1 LG4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Kadoya
- Department of Anatomy, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara 228-8555, Japan.
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18
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Oak SA, Zhou YW, Jarrett HW. Skeletal muscle signaling pathway through the dystrophin glycoprotein complex and Rac1. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:39287-95. [PMID: 12885773 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m305551200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The dystrophin glycoprotein complex has been proposed to be involved in signal transduction. Here we have shown that laminin binding causes syntrophin to recruit Rac1 from the rabbit skeletal muscle. Laminin-Sepharose and syntrophin-Sepharose bind a protein complex containing Rac1 from the muscle membranes. The presence of heparin, which inhibits laminin interactions, prevents recruitment of Rac1. The dystrophin glycoprotein complex recruits Rac1 via syntrophin through a Grb2.Sos1 complex. A syntrophin antibody also prevents recruitment of Rac1, suggesting that the signaling complex requires syntrophin. PAK1 is in turn bound by Rac1. c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase-p46 is phosphorylated and activated only when laminin is present, and the p54 isoform is activated when laminin is depleted or binding is inhibited with heparin. In the presence of laminin, c-Jun is activated in both skeletal muscle microsomes and in C2C12 myoblasts, and proliferation increases in C2C12 myoblasts. We postulate that this pathway signals muscle homeostasis and hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpa A Oak
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, USA
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19
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Hansen K, Abrass CK. Laminin-8/9 is synthesized by rat glomerular mesangial cells and is required for PDGF-induced mesangial cell migration. Kidney Int 2003; 64:110-8. [PMID: 12787401 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2003.00039.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laminin (LM), the major glycoprotein component of basement membranes is expressed as multiple isoforms in a developmentally regulated and tissue-specific manner. LM alpha4 has a limited tissue distribution and is highly expressed in the developing glomerulus. In the present study, we investigate the in vivo and in vitro expression and function of LM alpha4 in the glomerulus. METHODS LM alpha4 expression was examined by Northern blot, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blot, and immunofluorescence microscopy. Mesangial cells (MC) were plated on purified LM-1, LM-2, and LM-8/9. Immunofluorescence microscopy was performed to examine the cellular phenotypes induced by LM-1 and LM-8/9. A modified Boyden chamber method was used to assess laminin participation in platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-stimulated migration. RESULTS mRNA for LMalpha4 is expressed in cultured rat MC, and isolated rat and mouse glomeruli, but not in cultured rat glomerular epithelial cells or glomerular endothelial cells. Using antibodies specific for LM alpha4, a 240 kD band was detected in MC extract and a slightly smaller band was identified in extracted rat glomeruli. Purified LM-8/9 had MC adhesive activity comparable to LM-1 and LM-2. MC attached to LM-8/9 exhibited a unique phenotype. In contrast to LM-1, attachment of MC to LM-8/9 produced a highly arborized cell morphology with significantly reduced formation of focal contacts or stress fibers. LM alpha4 is utilized by MC during PDGF-stimulated migration. CONCLUSION LM alpha4 is synthesized by MC and persists in the mature glomerulus. LM-8/9 stimulates a unique cellular morphology, and they are utilized in PDGF-induced migration. These factors suggest that LM alpha4 plays an important role in MC differentiation and in the maintenance of MC phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Hansen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
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20
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Okazaki I, Suzuki N, Nishi N, Utani A, Matsuura H, Shinkai H, Yamashita H, Kitagawa Y, Nomizu M. Identification of biologically active sequences in the laminin alpha 4 chain G domain. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:37070-8. [PMID: 12130633 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m201672200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Laminins are a family of trimeric extracellular matrix proteins consisting of alpha, beta, and gamma chains. So far five different laminin alpha chains have been identified. The laminin alpha 4 chain, which is present in laminin-8/9, is expressed in cells of mesenchymal origin, such as endothelial cells and adipocytes. Previously, we identified heparin-binding sites in the C-terminal globular domain (G domain) of the laminin alpha 4 chain. Here we have focused on the biological functions of the laminin alpha 4 chain G domain and screened active sites using a recombinant protein and synthetic peptides. The rec-alpha 4G protein, comprising the entire G domain, promoted cell attachment activity. The cell attachment activity of rec-alpha 4G was completely blocked by heparin and partially inhibited by EDTA. We synthesized 116 overlapping peptides covering the entire G domain and tested their cell attachment activity. Twenty peptides showed cell attachment activity, and 16 bound to heparin. We further tested the effect of the 20 active peptides in competition assays for cell attachment and heparin binding to rec-alpha 4G protein. A4G6 (LAIKNDNLVYVY), A4G20 (DVISLYNFKHIY), A4G82 (TLFLAHGRLVFM), and A4G83 (LVFMFNVGHKKL), which promoted cell attachment and heparin binding, significantly inhibited both cell attachment and heparin binding to rec-alpha 4G. These results suggest that the four active sites are involved in the biological functions of the laminin alpha 4 chain G domain. Furthermore, rec-alpha 4G, A4G6, and A4G20 were found to interact with syndecan-4. These active peptides may be useful for defining of the molecular mechanism laminin-receptor interactions and laminin-mediated cellular signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuko Okazaki
- Graduate School of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
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21
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Makino M, Okazaki I, Kasai S, Nishi N, Bougaeva M, Weeks BS, Otaka A, Nielsen PK, Yamada Y, Nomizu M. Identification of cell binding sites in the laminin alpha5-chain G domain. Exp Cell Res 2002; 277:95-106. [PMID: 12061820 DOI: 10.1006/excr.2002.5540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The laminins consist of at least 11 polypeptides (5 alpha-chains, 3 beta-chains, and 3 gamma-chains) specific to basement membranes. Here we investigate the biological activity associated with the G domain of the newly identified laminin alpha5-chain using 113 overlapping synthetic peptides (positions 2679-3635). Using HT-1080 cells, 21 peptides showed attachment activity either on peptide-coated tissue culture plates or to peptide-conjugated Sepharose beads. Heparin inhibited cell attachment to 16 peptides, while ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid exhibited no inhibitory activity. Peptides A5G-27, A5G-65, and A5G-71 showed the strongest cell attachment, with the minimum active core sequences of the peptides being GIIFFL, HQNMGSVNVSV, and YLQFVG, respectively. Furthermore, these 16 peptides were tested for their ability to stimulate neurite outgrowth in the PC12 cells. A5G-3, A5G-33, A5G-71, A5G-73, A5G-81, and A5G-101 were the only peptides of the 16 that demonstrated the ability to promote neurite outgrowth. These results demonstrate that synthetic peptides with alpha5-chain G domain primary amino acid sequences possess some of the same biological activities attributable to the whole laminin and the alpha5-chain G domain. Therefore, these peptides may be useful in the investigation of laminin-receptor interactions and possibly mechanisms of laminin signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Makino
- Graduate School of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Kita 10 Nishi 5, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
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22
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Sasaki T, Mann K, Timpl R. Modification of the laminin alpha 4 chain by chondroitin sulfate attachment to its N-terminal domain. FEBS Lett 2001; 505:173-8. [PMID: 11557064 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(01)02812-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The N-terminal domain of laminin alpha 4 chains corresponds to a short rod-like structure which after recombinant production was found to be modified by chondroitin sulfate. Substitution occurred mainly to a single serine in its N-terminal ASGDG sequence. A similar yet partial modification was also demonstrated for the alpha 4 chain present in extracts of adult mouse tissues. Antibodies to the fragment were useful to demonstrate a relatively high content of alpha 4 in several tissues and for the immunolocalization in various blood vessels, some basement membranes and interstitial regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sasaki
- Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie, Am Klopferspitz 18A, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany.
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23
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Hoffman MP, Engbring JA, Nielsen PK, Vargas J, Steinberg Z, Karmand AJ, Nomizu M, Yamada Y, Kleinman HK. Cell type-specific differences in glycosaminoglycans modulate the biological activity of a heparin-binding peptide (RKRLQVQLSIRT) from the G domain of the laminin alpha1 chain. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:22077-85. [PMID: 11304538 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m100774200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
AG73 (RKRLQVQLSIRT), a peptide from the G domain of the laminin alpha1 chain, has diverse biological activities with different cell types. The heparan sulfate side chains of syndecan-1 on human salivary gland cells were previously identified as the cell surface ligand for AG73. We used homologous peptides from the other laminin alpha-chains (A2G73-A5G73) to determine whether the bioactivity of the AG73 sequence is conserved. Human salivary gland cells and a mouse melanoma cell line (B16F10) both bind to the peptides, but cell attachment was inhibited by glycosaminoglycans, modified heparin, and sized heparin fragments in a cell type-specific manner. In other assays, AG73, but not the homologous peptides, inhibited branching morphogenesis of salivary glands and B16F10 network formation on Matrigel. We identified residues critical for AG73 bioactivity using peptides with amino acid substitutions and truncations. Fewer residues were critical for inhibiting branching morphogenesis (XKXLXVXXXIRT) than those required to inhibit B16F10 network formation on Matrigel (N-terminal XXRLQVQLSIRT). In addition, surface plasmon resonance analysis identified the C-terminal IRT of the sequence to be important for heparin binding. Structure-based sequence alignment predicts AG73 in a beta-sheet with the N-terminal K (Lys(2)) and the C-terminal R (Arg(10)) on the surface of the G domain. In conclusion, we have determined that differences in cell surface glycosaminoglycans and differences in the amino acids in AG73 recognized by cells modulate the biological activity of the peptide and provide a mechanism to explain its cell-specific activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Hoffman
- Craniofacial Developmental Biology and Regeneration Branch, NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4370, USA.
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24
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Utani A, Nomizu M, Matsuura H, Kato K, Kobayashi T, Takeda U, Aota S, Nielsen PK, Shinkai H. A unique sequence of the laminin alpha 3 G domain binds to heparin and promotes cell adhesion through syndecan-2 and -4. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:28779-88. [PMID: 11373281 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m101420200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Laminin-5, consisting of the alpha 3, beta 3, and gamma 2 chains, is localized in the skin basement membrane and supports the structural stability of the epidermo-dermal linkage and regulates various cellular functions. The alpha chains of laminins have been shown to have various biological activities. In this study, we identified a sequence of the alpha 3 chain C-terminal globular domain (LG1-LG5 modules) required for both heparin binding and cell adhesion using recombinant proteins and synthetic peptides. We found that the LG3 and LG4 modules have activity for heparin binding and that LG4 has activity for cell adhesion. Studies with synthetic peptides delineated the A3G75aR sequence (NSFMALYLSKGR, residues 1412--1423) within LG4 as a major site for both heparin and cell binding. Substitution mutations in LG4 and A3G75aR identified the Lys and Arg of the A3G75aR sequence as critical for these activities. Cell adhesion to LG4 and A3G75aR was inhibited by heparitinase I treatment of cells, suggesting that cell binding to the A3G75aR site was mediated by cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans. We showed by affinity chromatography that syndecan-2 from fibroblasts bound to LG4. Solid-phase assays confirmed that syndecan-2 interacted with the A3G75aR peptide sequence. Stably transfected 293T cells with expression vectors for syndecan-2 and -4, but not glypican-1, specifically adhered to LG4 and A3G75aR. These results indicate that the A3G75aR sequence within the laminin alpha 3 LG4 module is responsible for cell adhesion and suggest that syndecan-2 and -4 mediate this activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Utani
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260, Japan.
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