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Cui L, Li X, Liu Z, Liu X, Zhu Y, Zhang Y, Han Z, Zhang Y, Liu S, Li H. MAPK pathway orchestrates gallid alphaherpesvirus 1 infection through the biphasic activation of MEK/ERK and p38 MAPK signaling. Virology 2024; 597:110159. [PMID: 38943781 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.110159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Therapies targeting virus-host interactions are seen as promising strategies for treating gallid alphaherpesvirus 1 (ILTV) infection. Our study revealed a biphasic activation of two MAPK cascade pathways, MEK/ERK and p38 MAPK, as a notably activated host molecular event in response to ILTV infection. It exhibits antiviral functions at different stages of infection. Initially, the MEK/ERK pathway is activated upon viral invasion, leading to a broad suppression of metabolic pathways crucial for ILTV replication, thereby inhibiting viral replication from the early stage of ILTV infection. As the viral replication progresses, the p38 MAPK pathway activates its downstream transcription factor, STAT1, further hindering viral replication. Interestingly, ILTV overcomes this biphasic antiviral barrier by hijacking host p38-AKT axis, which protects infected cells from the apoptosis induced by infection and establishes an intracellular equilibrium conducive to extensive ILTV replication. These insights could provide potential therapeutic targets for ILTV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Cui
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, National Poultry Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Xuefeng Li
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, National Poultry Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Translational Medicine Institute, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of the Education Ministry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Zheyi Liu
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, National Poultry Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Translational Medicine Institute, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of the Education Ministry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yongxin Zhu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Translational Medicine Institute, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of the Education Ministry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, National Poultry Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Zongxi Han
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, National Poultry Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Yilei Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Translational Medicine Institute, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of the Education Ministry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
| | - Shengwang Liu
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, National Poultry Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China.
| | - Hai Li
- Division of Avian Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, National Poultry Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Translational Medicine Institute, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of the Education Ministry, Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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2
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Lohberger B, Barna S, Glänzer D, Eck N, Leithner A, Georg D. DNA-PKcs Inhibition Sensitizes Human Chondrosarcoma Cells to Carbon Ion Irradiation via Cell Cycle Arrest and Telomere Capping Disruption. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6179. [PMID: 38892366 PMCID: PMC11173223 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
In order to overcome the resistance to radiotherapy in human chondrosarcoma cells, the prevention from efficient DNA repair with a combined treatment with the DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) inhibitor AZD7648 was explored for carbon ion (C-ion) as well as reference photon (X-ray) irradiation (IR) using gene expression analysis, flow cytometry, protein phosphorylation, and telomere length shortening. Proliferation markers and cell cycle distribution changed significantly after combined treatment, revealing a prominent G2/M arrest. The expression of the G2/M checkpoint genes cyclin B, CDK1, and WEE1 was significantly reduced by IR alone and the combined treatment. While IR alone showed no effects, additional AZD7648 treatment resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in AKT phosphorylation and an increase in Chk2 phosphorylation. Twenty-four hours after IR, the key genes of DNA repair mechanisms were reduced by the combined treatment, which led to impaired DNA repair and increased radiosensitivity. A time-dependent shortening of telomere length was observed in both cell lines after combined treatment with AZD7648 and 8 Gy X-ray/C-ion IR. Our data suggest that the inhibition of DNA-PKcs may increase sensitivity to X-rays and C-ion IR by impairing its functional role in DNA repair mechanisms and telomere end protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Lohberger
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5-7, 8036 Graz, Austria; (D.G.); (N.E.); (A.L.)
| | - Sandra Barna
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (S.B.); (D.G.)
- MedAustron-Ion Therapy Center, Viktor-Kaplan Strasse 2, 2700 Wiener Neustadt, Austria
| | - Dietmar Glänzer
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5-7, 8036 Graz, Austria; (D.G.); (N.E.); (A.L.)
| | - Nicole Eck
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5-7, 8036 Graz, Austria; (D.G.); (N.E.); (A.L.)
| | - Andreas Leithner
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5-7, 8036 Graz, Austria; (D.G.); (N.E.); (A.L.)
| | - Dietmar Georg
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (S.B.); (D.G.)
- MedAustron-Ion Therapy Center, Viktor-Kaplan Strasse 2, 2700 Wiener Neustadt, Austria
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3
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Wang Q, Yang Y, Li P, Dong R, Sun C, Song G, Wang Y. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles induce apoptosis through ROS-Ca 2+-p38/AKT/mTOR pathway in TM4 cells. J Appl Toxicol 2024; 44:818-832. [PMID: 38272789 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) can cause apoptosis in TM4 cells; however, the underlying mechanism has not been entirely elucidated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of TiO2 NPs on ROS, Ca2+ level, p38/AKT/mTOR pathway, and apoptosis in TM4 cells and to evaluate the role of Ca2+ in p38/AKT/mTOR pathway and apoptosis. After exposure to different concentrations (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 μg/mL) of TiO2 NPs for 24 h, cell viability, ROS, Ca2+ level, Ca2+-ATPase activity, p38/AKT/mTOR pathway-related proteins, apoptosis rate, and apoptosis-related proteins (Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase 3, Caspase 9, and p53) were detected. The ROS scavenger NAC was used to determine the effect of ROS on Ca2+ level. The Ca2+ chelator BAPTA-AM was used to evaluate the role of Ca2+ in p38/AKT/mTOR pathway and apoptosis. TiO2 NPs significantly inhibited cell viability, increased ROS level, and elevated Ca2+ level while suppressing Ca2+-ATPase activity. TiO2 NPs regulated the p38/AKT/mTOR pathway via increasing p-p38 level and decreasing p-AKT and p-mTOR levels. TiO2 NPs significantly enhanced the apoptosis. NAC attenuated Ca2+ overload and reduction in Ca2+-ATPase activity caused by TiO2 NPs. BAPTA-AM alleviated TiO2 NPs-induced abnormal expression of p38/AKT/mTOR pathway-related proteins. BAPTA-AM assuaged the apoptosis caused by TiO2 NPs. Altogether, this study revealed that TiO2 NPs elevated intracellular Ca2+ level through ROS accumulation. Subsequently, the heightened intracellular Ca2+ level was observed to exert regulation over the p38/AKT/mTOR pathway, ultimately culminating in apoptosis. These results provides a complementary understanding to the mechanism of TiO2 NPs-induced apoptosis in TM4 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Wang
- Department of Preventive Medicine/the Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Public Health Security, the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | | | - Pengfei Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine/the Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Public Health Security, the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Ruoyun Dong
- Department of Preventive Medicine/the Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Public Health Security, the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Chenhao Sun
- Department of Preventive Medicine/the Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Public Health Security, the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Guanling Song
- Department of Preventive Medicine/the Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Public Health Security, the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
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Ragupathi A, Kim C, Jacinto E. The mTORC2 signaling network: targets and cross-talks. Biochem J 2024; 481:45-91. [PMID: 38270460 PMCID: PMC10903481 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20220325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin, mTOR, controls cell metabolism in response to growth signals and stress stimuli. The cellular functions of mTOR are mediated by two distinct protein complexes, mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTORC2. Rapamycin and its analogs are currently used in the clinic to treat a variety of diseases and have been instrumental in delineating the functions of its direct target, mTORC1. Despite the lack of a specific mTORC2 inhibitor, genetic studies that disrupt mTORC2 expression unravel the functions of this more elusive mTOR complex. Like mTORC1 which responds to growth signals, mTORC2 is also activated by anabolic signals but is additionally triggered by stress. mTORC2 mediates signals from growth factor receptors and G-protein coupled receptors. How stress conditions such as nutrient limitation modulate mTORC2 activation to allow metabolic reprogramming and ensure cell survival remains poorly understood. A variety of downstream effectors of mTORC2 have been identified but the most well-characterized mTORC2 substrates include Akt, PKC, and SGK, which are members of the AGC protein kinase family. Here, we review how mTORC2 is regulated by cellular stimuli including how compartmentalization and modulation of complex components affect mTORC2 signaling. We elaborate on how phosphorylation of its substrates, particularly the AGC kinases, mediates its diverse functions in growth, proliferation, survival, and differentiation. We discuss other signaling and metabolic components that cross-talk with mTORC2 and the cellular output of these signals. Lastly, we consider how to more effectively target the mTORC2 pathway to treat diseases that have deregulated mTOR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Ragupathi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, U.S.A
| | - Christian Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, U.S.A
| | - Estela Jacinto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, U.S.A
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5
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Role of Butylphthalide in Immunity and Inflammation: Butylphthalide May Be a Potential Therapy for Anti-Inflammation and Immunoregulation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7232457. [PMID: 35422893 PMCID: PMC9005281 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7232457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation and immunity play an essential role in disease pathogenesis. 3-N-Butylphthalide (NBP), a group of compounds extracted from seeds of Apium graveolens (Chinese celery), has been demonstrated as an efficient and effective therapy for ischemic stroke. The amount of research on NBP protective effect is increasing at pace, such as microcircular reconstruction, alleviating inflammation, ameliorating brain edema and blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage, mitochondrial function protection, antiplatelet aggregation, antithrombosis, decreasing oxidative damage, and reducing neural cell apoptosis. There has been increasing research emphasizing the association between NBP and immunity and inflammation in the past few years. Hence, it is aimed at reviewing the related literature and summarizing the underlying anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory function of NBP in various disorders.
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Organ-Specific, Fibroblast-Derived Matrix as a Tool for Studying Breast Cancer Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13133331. [PMID: 34283050 PMCID: PMC8269313 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer in the breast often spreads to other parts of the body, such as the lungs, which leads to poor outcomes for patients, as there are few effective treatments. Within organs such as the lungs, cancer cells are surrounded by a scaffold, made of proteins, which helps keeps the organs’ structure and maintains their function. This scaffold is produced by cells called fibroblasts, and we can reproduce this in the lab. We aim to investigate how cancer cells interact with the protein scaffold from different organs, where breast cancer cells spread to. This study hopes to reveal how breast cancer reacts to different organ environments and use this method to perform large-scale drug screening. Importantly, this study has shown that drug testing of breast cancer cells within a more physiological context, as opposed to testing on plastic, can lead to increased identification of targets to treat breast cancer. Abstract During the metastatic process, breast cancer cells must come into contact with the extra-cellular matrix (ECM) at every step. The ECM provides both structural support and biochemical cues, and cell–ECM interactions can lead to changes in drug response. Here, we used fibroblast-derived ECM (FDM) to perform high throughput drug screening of 4T1 breast cancer cells on metastatic organ ECM (lung), and we see that drug response differs from treatment on plastic. The FDMs that we can produce from different organs are abundant in and contains a complex mixture of ECM proteins. We also show differences in ECM composition between the primary site and secondary organ sites. Furthermore, we show that global kinase signalling of 4T1 cells on the ECM is relatively unchanged between organs, while changes in signalling compared to plastic are significant. Our study highlights the importance of context when testing drug response in vitro, showing that consideration of the ECM is critically important.
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7
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Paré G, Vitry J, Merchant ML, Vaillancourt M, Murru A, Shen Y, Elowe S, Lahoud MH, Naccache PH, McLeish KR, Fernandes MJ. The Inhibitory Receptor CLEC12A Regulates PI3K-Akt Signaling to Inhibit Neutrophil Activation and Cytokine Release. Front Immunol 2021; 12:650808. [PMID: 34234773 PMCID: PMC8256872 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.650808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The myeloid inhibitory C-type lectin receptor CLEC12A limits neutrophil activation, pro-inflammatory pathways and disease in mouse models of inflammatory arthritis by a molecular mechanism that remains poorly understood. We addressed how CLEC12A-mediated inhibitory signaling counteracts activating signaling by cross-linking CLEC12A in human neutrophils. CLEC12A cross-linking induced its translocation to flotillin-rich membrane domains where its ITIM was phosphorylated in a Src-dependent manner. Phosphoproteomic analysis identified candidate signaling molecules regulated by CLEC12A that include MAPKs, phosphoinositol kinases and members of the JAK-STAT pathway. Stimulating neutrophils with uric acid crystals, the etiological agent of gout, drove the hyperphosphorylation of p38 and Akt. Ultimately, one of the pathways through which CLEC12A regulates uric acid crystal-stimulated release of IL-8 by neutrophils is through a p38/PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. In summary this work defines early molecular events that underpin CLEC12A signaling in human neutrophils to modulate cytokine synthesis. Targeting this pathway could be useful therapeutically to dampen inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Paré
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Laval University, Centres Hospitaliers Universitaires (CHU) de Québec Research Center, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Julien Vitry
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Laval University, Centres Hospitaliers Universitaires (CHU) de Québec Research Center, Québec, QC, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, CHU de Québec Research Center, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Michael L Merchant
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Myriam Vaillancourt
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Laval University, Centres Hospitaliers Universitaires (CHU) de Québec Research Center, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Andréa Murru
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Laval University, Centres Hospitaliers Universitaires (CHU) de Québec Research Center, Québec, QC, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, CHU de Québec Research Center, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Yunyun Shen
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Laval University, Centres Hospitaliers Universitaires (CHU) de Québec Research Center, Québec, QC, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, CHU de Québec Research Center, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Sabine Elowe
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, CHU de Québec Research Center, Québec, QC, Canada.,Reproduction, Mother and Youth Health Division, Laval University, CHU de Québec Research Center, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Mireille H Lahoud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul H Naccache
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Laval University, Centres Hospitaliers Universitaires (CHU) de Québec Research Center, Québec, QC, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, CHU de Québec Research Center, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Kenneth R McLeish
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Maria J Fernandes
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Laval University, Centres Hospitaliers Universitaires (CHU) de Québec Research Center, Québec, QC, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, CHU de Québec Research Center, Québec, QC, Canada
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Gu X, Al Dubayee M, Alshahrani A, Masood A, Benabdelkamel H, Zahra M, Li L, Abdel Rahman AM, Aljada A. Distinctive Metabolomics Patterns Associated With Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:609806. [PMID: 33381523 PMCID: PMC7768025 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.609806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with an increased risk of insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) which is a multi-factorial disease associated with a dysregulated metabolism and can be prevented in pre-diabetic individuals with impaired glucose tolerance. A metabolomic approach emphasizing metabolic pathways is critical to our understanding of this heterogeneous disease. This study aimed to characterize the serum metabolomic fingerprint and multi-metabolite signatures associated with IR and T2DM. Here, we have used untargeted high-performance chemical isotope labeling (CIL) liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to identify candidate biomarkers of IR and T2DM in sera from 30 adults of normal weight, 26 obese adults, and 16 adults newly diagnosed with T2DM. Among the 3633 peak pairs detected, 62% were either identified or matched. A group of 78 metabolites were up-regulated and 111 metabolites were down-regulated comparing obese to lean group while 459 metabolites were up-regulated and 166 metabolites were down-regulated comparing T2DM to obese groups. Several metabolites were identified as IR potential biomarkers, including amino acids (Asn, Gln, and His), methionine (Met) sulfoxide, 2-methyl-3-hydroxy-5-formylpyridine-4-carboxylate, serotonin, L-2-amino-3-oxobutanoic acid, and 4,6-dihydroxyquinoline. T2DM was associated with dysregulation of 42 metabolites, including amino acids, amino acids metabolites, and dipeptides. In conclusion, these pilot data have identified IR and T2DM metabolomics panels as potential novel biomarkers of IR and identified metabolites associated with T2DM, with possible diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Further studies to confirm these associations in prospective cohorts are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyun Gu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Mohammed Al Dubayee
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Awad Alshahrani
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afshan Masood
- Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hicham Benabdelkamel
- Obesity Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Zahra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Anas M Abdel Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Chemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Ahmad Aljada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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9
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Fang X, Duan SF, Gong YZ, Wang F, Chen XL. Identification of Key Genes Associated with Changes in the Host Response to Severe Burn Shock: A Bioinformatics Analysis with Data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) Database. J Inflamm Res 2020; 13:1029-1041. [PMID: 33293847 PMCID: PMC7718973 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s282722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with severe burns continue to display a high mortality rate during the initial shock period. The precise molecular mechanism underlying the change in host response during severe burn shock remains unknown. This study aimed to identify key genes leading to the change in host response during burn shock. Methods The GSE77791 dataset, which was utilized in a previous study that compared hydrocortisone administration to placebo (NaCl 0.9%) in the inflammatory reaction of severe burn shock, was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and analyzed to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Functional enrichment analyses of Gene Ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways were performed. The protein–protein interaction (PPI) network of DEGs was constructed using the Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) database and then visualized in Cytoscape. In addition, important modules in this network were selected using the Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE) algorithm, and hub genes were identified in cytoHubba, a Cytoscape plugin. Results A total of 1059 DEGs (508 downregulated genes and 551 upregulated genes) were identified from the dataset. The DEGs enriched in GO terms and KEGG pathways were related to immune response. The PPI network contained 439 nodes and 2430 protein pairs. Finally, important modules and hub genes were identified using the different Cytoscape plugins. The key genes in burn shock were identified as arginase 1 (ARG1), cytoskeleton-associated protein (CKAP4), complement C3a receptor (C3AR1), neutrophil elastase (ELANE), gamma-glutamyl hydrolase (GGH), orosomucoid (ORM1), and quiescin sulfhydryl (QSOX1). Conclusion The DEGs, functional terms and pathways, and hub genes identified in the present study can help shed light on the molecular mechanism underlying the changes in host response during burn shock and provide potential targets for early detection and treatment of burn shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Fang
- Department of Burns, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu-Fang Duan
- Department of Burns, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Zhou Gong
- Department of Burns, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Burns, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu-Lin Chen
- Department of Burns, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
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10
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Zhang T, Jiang J, Liu J, Xu L, Duan S, Sun L, Zhao W, Qian F. MK2 Is Required for Neutrophil-Derived ROS Production and Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:207. [PMID: 32596245 PMCID: PMC7303912 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disease that is commonly accompanied by increased inflammatory responses and elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) of the gastrointestinal tract. Here, we found that MAPK-activated protein kinase 2 (MK2) modulates ROS production and is required for dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced IBD in the mouse model. Genetic ablation of MK2 in the myeloid lineage cells (MK2Lyz2−KO) protected against DSS-induced colitis injury. In response to DSS challenge, compared to MK2lyz2−WT mice, MK2Lyz2−KO mice exhibited less damage of epithelial and goblet cells, decreased generation of interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and ROS, as well as reduced Ki67-positive cells and concentrations of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the intestinal epithelium. Furthermore, upon treatment with formylated peptide N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLF), the generation of ROS was attenuated in MK2-deficient neutrophils, in which the phosphorylation of Akt and p38 MAPK was also reduced. Collectively, these findings indicated that MK2 is required for neutrophil-derived ROS production and IBD, and MK2 and ROS are promising therapeutic targets for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junhang Jiang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Pharmaceuticals Holding Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Jingting Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shixin Duan
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Qian
- Engineering Research Center of Cell and Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
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11
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Gorbatyuk MS, Starr CR, Gorbatyuk OS. Endoplasmic reticulum stress: New insights into the pathogenesis and treatment of retinal degenerative diseases. Prog Retin Eye Res 2020; 79:100860. [PMID: 32272207 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2020.100860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Physiological equilibrium in the retina depends on coordinated work between rod and cone photoreceptors and can be compromised by the expression of mutant proteins leading to inherited retinal degeneration (IRD). IRD is a diverse group of retinal dystrophies with multifaceted molecular mechanisms that are not fully understood. In this review, we focus on the contribution of chronically activated unfolded protein response (UPR) to inherited retinal pathogenesis, placing special emphasis on studies employing genetically modified animal models. As constitutively active UPR in degenerating retinas may activate pro-apoptotic programs associated with oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory signaling, dysfunctional autophagy, free cytosolic Ca2+ overload, and altered protein synthesis rate in the retina, we focus on the regulatory mechanisms of translational attenuation and approaches to overcoming translational attenuation in degenerating retinas. We also discuss current research on the role of the UPR mediator PERK and its downstream targets in degenerating retinas and highlight the therapeutic benefits of reprogramming PERK signaling in preclinical animal models of IRD. Finally, we describe pharmacological approaches targeting UPR in ocular diseases and consider their potential applications to IRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina S Gorbatyuk
- The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Optometry and Vision Science, School of Optometry, USA.
| | - Christopher R Starr
- The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Optometry and Vision Science, School of Optometry, USA
| | - Oleg S Gorbatyuk
- The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Optometry and Vision Science, School of Optometry, USA
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12
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Ke J, Wu G, Zhang J, Li H, Gao S, Shao M, Gao Z, Sy MS, Cao Y, Yang X, Xu J, Li C. Melanoma migration is promoted by prion protein via Akt-hsp27 signaling axis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 523:375-381. [PMID: 31870551 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Patients with metastatic melanoma have a poorer prognosis. Prion protein (PrP) in melanoma is known to play an important role in cancer cell migration and invasion by interacting with filamin A (FLNa), a cytolinker protein. To investigate if PrP may contribute to cancer cell mobility independent of its binding to FLNa, we knocked out PRNP in M2 melanoma cell, which lacked FLNa expression. We found that deletion of PRNP in M2 significantly reduced its motility. When PRNP was deleted, the level of Akt was decreased. As a consequence, phosphorylation of small heat shock protein (hsp27) was also reduced, which resulted in polymerization of F-actin rendering the cells less migratory. Accordingly, when PrP was re-expressed in PRNP null M2 cells, the mobility of the recurred cells was rescued, so were the expression levels of Akt and phosphorylated hsp27, resulting in a decrease in the polymerization of F-actin. These results revealed that PrP can play a FLNa independent role in cytoskeletal organization and tumor cell migration by modulating Akt-hsp27-F-actin axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingru Ke
- Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China; Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, 78 Hengzhigang Road, Guangzhou, 510095, China
| | - Guiru Wu
- The Joint Laboratory for Translational Precision Medicine, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China; Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, 44 Xiao Hong Shan Zhong Qu, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, 78 Hengzhigang Road, Guangzhou, 510095, China; Department of Stomatology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, No. 107 North 2nd Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832008, China
| | - Huan Li
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, 44 Xiao Hong Shan Zhong Qu, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Shanshan Gao
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, 44 Xiao Hong Shan Zhong Qu, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Ming Shao
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Virology, 44 Xiao Hong Shan Zhong Qu, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Zhenxing Gao
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, 78 Hengzhigang Road, Guangzhou, 510095, China
| | - Man-Sun Sy
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Yuchun Cao
- Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Xiaowen Yang
- Department of the First Abdominal Surgery, Jiangxi Tumor Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330029, China.
| | - Jiang Xu
- Department of Stomatology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, No. 107 North 2nd Road, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832008, China.
| | - Chaoyang Li
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, 78 Hengzhigang Road, Guangzhou, 510095, China.
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13
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Fisher J, Sharma R, Don DW, Barisa M, Hurtado MO, Abramowski P, Porter L, Day W, Borea R, Inglott S, Anderson J, Pe'er D. Engineering γδT cells limits tonic signaling associated with chimeric antigen receptors. Sci Signal 2019; 12:eaax1872. [PMID: 31506382 PMCID: PMC7055420 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aax1872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite the benefits of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapies against lymphoid malignancies, responses in solid tumors have been more limited and off-target toxicities have been more marked. Among the possible design limitations of CAR-T cells for cancer are unwanted tonic (antigen-independent) signaling and off-target activation. Efforts to overcome these hurdles have been blunted by a lack of mechanistic understanding. Here, we showed that single-cell analysis with time course mass cytometry provided a rapid means of assessing CAR-T cell activation. We compared signal transduction in expanded T cells to that in T cells transduced to express second-generation CARs and found that cell expansion enhanced the response to stimulation. However, expansion also induced tonic signaling and reduced network plasticity, which were associated with expression of the T cell exhaustion markers PD-1 and TIM-3. Because this was most evident in pathways downstream of CD3ζ, we performed similar analyses on γδT cells that expressed chimeric costimulatory receptors (CCRs) lacking CD3ζ but containing DAP10 stimulatory domains. These CCR-γδT cells did not exhibit tonic signaling but were efficiently activated and mounted cytotoxic responses in the presence of CCR-specific stimuli or cognate leukemic cells. Single-cell signaling analysis enabled detailed characterization of CAR-T and CCR-T cell activation to better understand their functional activities. Furthermore, we demonstrated that CCR-γδT cells may offer the potential to avoid on-target, off-tumor toxicity and allo-reactivity in the context of myeloid malignancies.
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MESH Headings
- CD3 Complex/immunology
- CD3 Complex/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/immunology
- Genetic Engineering
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Neoplasms/genetics
- Neoplasms/immunology
- Neoplasms/therapy
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/metabolism
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/genetics
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/immunology
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Fisher
- UCL/GOSH Institute of Child Health, Cancer Section, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
- Program for Computational and Systems Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Roshan Sharma
- Program for Computational and Systems Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Dilu Wisidagamage Don
- UCL/GOSH Institute of Child Health, Cancer Section, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Marta Barisa
- UCL/GOSH Institute of Child Health, Cancer Section, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Marina Olle Hurtado
- UCL/GOSH Institute of Child Health, Cancer Section, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Pierre Abramowski
- UCL/GOSH Institute of Child Health, Cancer Section, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Lucy Porter
- UCL/GOSH Institute of Child Health, Cancer Section, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - William Day
- UCL Cancer Institute, 72 Huntley St., Fitzrovia, London WC1E 6AG, UK
| | - Roberto Borea
- UCL/GOSH Institute of Child Health, Cancer Section, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Sarah Inglott
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - John Anderson
- UCL/GOSH Institute of Child Health, Cancer Section, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK.
- UCL Cancer Institute, 72 Huntley St., Fitzrovia, London WC1E 6AG, UK
| | - Dana Pe'er
- Program for Computational and Systems Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
- Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
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14
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Qiu L, Liu X. Identification of key genes involved in myocardial infarction. Eur J Med Res 2019; 24:22. [PMID: 31269974 PMCID: PMC6607516 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-019-0381-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study focuses on the identification of conserved genes involved in myocardial infarction (MI), and then analyzed the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the incident and recurrent events to identify MI-recurrent biomarkers. Methods Gene expression data of MI peripheral blood were downloaded from GSE97320 and GSE66360 datasets. We identified the common DEGs in these two datasets by functional enrichment analysis and protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis. GSE48060 was further analyzed to validate the conserved genes in MI and to compare the DEGs between the incident and recurrent MI. Results A total of 477 conserved genes were identified in the comparison between MI and control. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) network showed hub genes, such as MAPK14, STAT3, and MAPKAPK2. Part of those conserved genes was validated in the analysis of GSE48060. The DEGs in the incident and recurrent MI showed significant differences, including RNASE2 and A2M-AS1 as the potential biomarkers of MI recurrence. Conclusions The conserved genes in the pathogenesis of MI were identified, benefit for target therapy. Meanwhile, some specific genes may be used as markers for the prediction of recurrent MI. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40001-019-0381-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Qiu
- Danyang People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Danyang, China
| | - Xueqing Liu
- Danyang People's Hospital of Jiangsu Province, Danyang, China.
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15
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Trump LR, Nayak RC, Singh AK, Emberesh S, Wellendorf AM, Lutzko CM, Cancelas JA. Neutrophils Derived from Genetically Modified Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Circulate and Phagocytose Bacteria In Vivo. Stem Cells Transl Med 2019; 8:557-567. [PMID: 30793529 PMCID: PMC6525559 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.18-0255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial and fungal infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in neutropenic patients. Donor‐derived neutrophil transfusions have been used for prophylaxis or treatment for infection in neutropenic patients. However, the short half‐life and the limited availability of large numbers of donor‐derived neutrophils for transfusion remain a significant hurdle in the implementation of neutrophil transfusion therapy. Here, we investigate the in vitro and in vivo activity of neutrophils generated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC), a potentially unlimited resource to produce neutrophils for transfusion. Phenotypic analysis of iPSC‐derived neutrophils reveal reactive oxygen species production at similar or slightly higher than normal peripheral blood neutrophils, but have an ∼50%–70% reduced Escherichia coli phagocytosis and phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate induced formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NET). Signaling of granulocytic precursors identified impaired AKT activation, but not ERK or STAT3, in agonist‐stimulated iPSC‐derived neutrophils. Expression of a constitutively activated AKT in iPSC‐derived neutrophils restores most phagocytic activity and NET formation. In a model of bacterial induced peritonitis in immunodeficient mice, iPSC‐derived neutrophils, with or without corrected AKT activation, migrate similarly to the peritoneal fluid as peripheral blood neutrophils, whereas the expression of activated AKT significantly improves their phagocytic activity in vivo. stem cells translational medicine2019;8:557–567
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa R Trump
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Ramesh C Nayak
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Abhishek K Singh
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Hoxworth Blood Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Sana Emberesh
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Ashley M Wellendorf
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Carolyn M Lutzko
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Hoxworth Blood Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jose A Cancelas
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Hoxworth Blood Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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16
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Sarin N, Engel F, Rothweiler F, Cinatl J, Michaelis M, Frötschl R, Fröhlich H, Kalayda GV. Key Players of Cisplatin Resistance: Towards a Systems Pharmacology Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2018. [PMID: 29518977 PMCID: PMC5877628 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19030767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The major obstacle in the clinical use of the antitumor drug cisplatin is inherent and acquired resistance. Typically, cisplatin resistance is not restricted to a single mechanism demanding for a systems pharmacology approach to understand a whole cell's reaction to the drug. In this study, the cellular transcriptome of untreated and cisplatin-treated A549 non-small cell lung cancer cells and their cisplatin-resistant sub-line A549rCDDP2000 was screened with a whole genome array for relevant gene candidates. By combining statistical methods with available gene annotations and without a previously defined hypothesis HRas, MAPK14 (p38), CCL2, DOK1 and PTK2B were identified as genes possibly relevant for cisplatin resistance. These and related genes were further validated on transcriptome (qRT-PCR) and proteome (Western blot) level to select candidates contributing to resistance. HRas, p38, CCL2, DOK1, PTK2B and JNK3 were integrated into a model of resistance-associated signalling alterations describing differential gene and protein expression between cisplatin-sensitive and -resistant cells in reaction to cisplatin exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navin Sarin
- Institute of Pharmacy, Clinical Pharmacy, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Florian Engel
- Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), 53175 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Florian Rothweiler
- Institute of Medical Virology, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt, 60596 Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
| | - Jindrich Cinatl
- Institute of Medical Virology, Goethe University Hospital Frankfurt, 60596 Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
| | - Martin Michaelis
- Industrial Biotechnology Centre and School of Biosciences, School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, UK.
| | - Roland Frötschl
- Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM), 53175 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Holger Fröhlich
- Bonn-Aachen International Center for IT (b-it), Life Science Data Analytics & Algorithmic Bioinformatics, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Ganna V Kalayda
- Institute of Pharmacy, Clinical Pharmacy, University of Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
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17
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Brunen D, García-Barchino MJ, Malani D, Jagalur Basheer N, Lieftink C, Beijersbergen RL, Murumägi A, Porkka K, Wolf M, Zwaan CM, Fornerod M, Kallioniemi O, Martínez-Climent JÁ, Bernards R. Intrinsic resistance to PIM kinase inhibition in AML through p38α-mediated feedback activation of mTOR signaling. Oncotarget 2018; 7:37407-37419. [PMID: 27270648 PMCID: PMC5122321 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although conventional therapies for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) are effective in inducing remission, many patients relapse upon treatment. Hence, there is an urgent need for novel therapies. PIM kinases are often overexpressed in AML and DLBCL and are therefore an attractive therapeutic target. However, in vitro experiments have demonstrated that intrinsic resistance to PIM inhibition is common. It is therefore likely that only a minority of patients will benefit from single agent PIM inhibitor treatment. In this study, we performed an shRNA-based genetic screen to identify kinases whose suppression is synergistic with PIM inhibition. Here, we report that suppression of p38α (MAPK14) is synthetic lethal with the PIM kinase inhibitor AZD1208. PIM inhibition elevates reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, which subsequently activates p38α and downstream AKT/mTOR signaling. We found that p38α inhibitors sensitize hematological tumor cell lines to AZD1208 treatment in vitro and in vivo. These results were validated in ex vivo patient-derived AML cells. Our findings provide mechanistic and translational evidence supporting the rationale to test a combination of p38α and PIM inhibitors in clinical trials for AML and DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diede Brunen
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Disha Malani
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Noorjahan Jagalur Basheer
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center/Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cor Lieftink
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roderick L Beijersbergen
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Astrid Murumägi
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Maija Wolf
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - C Michel Zwaan
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center/Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Fornerod
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center/Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Olli Kallioniemi
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - René Bernards
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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18
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Göpfert C, Andreas N, Weber F, Häfner N, Yakovleva T, Gaestel M, Kamradt T, Drube S. The p38-MK2/3 Module Is Critical for IL-33-Induced Signaling and Cytokine Production in Dendritic Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 200:1198-1206. [PMID: 29288203 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
IL-33 is an IL-1 cytokine superfamily member. Binding of IL-33 to the IL-33R induces activation of the canonical NF-κB signaling and activation of MAPKs. In bone marrow-derived dendritic cells, IL-33 induces the production of IL-6, IL-13, and TNF-α. However, the signaling pathways resulting in IL-33-induced effector functions of dendritic cells are unknown. In this article, we show that the IL-33-induced cytokine production is only partly dependent on p65. Thereby, p65 mediates the production of IL-6, but not of IL-13, whereas the p38-Mapk-activated protein kinases 2/3 (MK2/3) signaling module mediates the IL-13, but not the IL-6, production. In addition, GM-CSF, which is critical for the differentiation and proliferation of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells, potentiates the p65-dependent IL-6 and the p38-MK2/3-dependent IL-13 production. Furthermore, we found that effective TNF-α production is only induced in the presence of GM-CSF and IL-33 via the p38-MK2/3 signaling module. Taken together, we found that the p38-MK2/3 signaling module is essential to mediate IL-33-induced cytokine production in dendritic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nico Andreas
- Institute of Immunology, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Franziska Weber
- Institute of Immunology, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Norman Häfner
- Department of Gynecology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich-Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany; and
| | - Tatiana Yakovleva
- Institute for Cell Biochemistry, Medical School Hannover, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Matthias Gaestel
- Institute for Cell Biochemistry, Medical School Hannover, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Kamradt
- Institute of Immunology, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Sebastian Drube
- Institute of Immunology, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany;
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19
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Lee WB, Yan JJ, Kang JS, Chung S, Kim LK. Mycobacterial cord factor enhances migration of neutrophil-like HL-60 cells by prolonging AKT phosphorylation. Microbiol Immunol 2017; 61:523-530. [PMID: 28976590 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Trehalose 6,6'-dimycolate (TDM), or cord factor, is a crucial stimulus of immune responses during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Although TDM has immuno-stimulatory properties, including adjuvant activity and the ability to induce granuloma formation, the mechanisms underlying these remain unknown. We hypothesized that TDM stimulates transendothelial migration of neutrophils, which are the first immune cells to infiltrate the tissue upon infection. In this study, it was shown that TDM enhances N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP)-induced chemotaxis and transendothelial movement by prolonging AKT phosphorylation in human neutrophils. TDM induced expression of macrophage-inducible C-type lectin, a receptor for TDM, and induced secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in differentiated HL-60 cells. In 2- and 3-D neutrophil migration assays, TDM-stimulated neutrophils showed increased fMLP-induced chemotaxis and transendothelial migration. Interestingly, following fMLP stimulation of TDM-activated neutrophils, AKT, a crucial kinase for neutrophil polarization and chemotaxis, showed prolonged phosphorylation at serine 473. Taken together, these data suggest that TDM modulates transendothelial migration of neutrophils upon mycobacterial infection through prolonged AKT phosphorylation. AKT may therefore be a promising therapeutic target for enhancing immune responses to mycobacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wook-Bin Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Ji-Jing Yan
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 110-744, Korea
| | - Ji-Seon Kang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.,Severance Biomedical Science Institute and BK21 PLUS Project to Medical Sciences, Severance Institute for Vascular and Metabolic Research, Gangnam Severance Hospital Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06230, Korea
| | - Seok Chung
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Lark Kyun Kim
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute and BK21 PLUS Project to Medical Sciences, Severance Institute for Vascular and Metabolic Research, Gangnam Severance Hospital Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06230, Korea
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20
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Zhang J, Storey KB. Insect cold hardiness: the role of mitogen-activated protein kinase and Akt signalling in freeze avoiding larvae of the goldenrod gall moth, Epiblema scudderiana. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 26:181-189. [PMID: 27880024 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Larvae of the goldenrod gall moth, Epiblema scudderiana, use the freeze avoidance strategy of cold hardiness to survive the winter. Here we report that protein kinase-dependent signal transduction featuring mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling cascades (extracellular signal regulated kinase, c-jun N-terminal kinase and p38 MAPK pathways) and the Akt (also known as protein kinase B, or PKB) pathway could be integral parts of the development of cold hardiness by E. scudderiana. We used Luminex technology to assess the protein levels and phosphorylation status of key components and downstream targets of those pathways in larvae in response to low temperature acclimation. The data showed that MAPK pathways (both total protein and phosphorylated MAPK targets) were inhibited after 5°C acclimation, but not -15°C exposure, as compared with the 15°C control group. However, total heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) levels increased dramatically by ∼12-fold in the -15°C acclimated insects. Elevated HSP27 may facilitate anti-apoptotic mechanisms in an Akt-dependent fashion. By contrast, both 5 and -15°C acclimation produced signs of Akt pathway activation. In particular, the inhibitor phosphorylated Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3a (p-GSK3) levels remained high in cold-exposed larvae. Additionally, activation of the Akt pathway might also facilitate inhibition of apoptosis independently of GSK3. Overall, the current study indicates that both MAPK and Akt signal transduction may play essential roles in freeze avoidance by E. scudderiana.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zhang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - K B Storey
- Institute of Biochemistry and Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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21
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Vaquero J, Nguyen Ho-Bouldoires TH, Clapéron A, Fouassier L. Role of the PDZ-scaffold protein NHERF1/EBP50 in cancer biology: from signaling regulation to clinical relevance. Oncogene 2017; 36:3067-3079. [PMID: 28068322 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The transmission of cellular information requires fine and subtle regulation of proteins that need to interact in a coordinated and specific way to form efficient signaling networks. The spatial and temporal coordination relies on scaffold proteins. Thanks to protein interaction domains such as PDZ domains, scaffold proteins organize multiprotein complexes enabling the proper transmission of cellular information through intracellular networks. NHERF1/EBP50 is a PDZ-scaffold protein that was initially identified as an organizer and regulator of transporters and channels at the apical side of epithelia through actin-binding ezrin-moesin-radixin proteins. Since, NHERF1/EBP50 has emerged as a major regulator of cancer signaling network by assembling cancer-related proteins. The PDZ-scaffold EBP50 carries either anti-tumor or pro-tumor functions, two antinomic functions dictated by EBP50 expression or subcellular localization. The dual function of NHERF1/EBP50 encompasses the regulation of several major signaling pathways engaged in cancer, including the receptor tyrosine kinases PDGFR and EGFR, PI3K/PTEN/AKT and Wnt-β-catenin pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Vaquero
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France.,FONDATION ARC, Villejuif, France
| | - T H Nguyen Ho-Bouldoires
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France.,FONDATION ARC, Villejuif, France
| | - A Clapéron
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
| | - L Fouassier
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
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22
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Zhou Y, Wu Y, Ma W, Jiang X, Takemra A, Uemura M, Xia L, Lin K, Xu Y. The effect of quercetin delivery system on osteogenesis and angiogenesis under osteoporotic conditions. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:612-625. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb02312f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Bone regeneration under osteoporotic conditions with impaired angiogenesis, osteogenesis and remodeling represents a great challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuning Zhou
- Department of Oral Surgery
- Ninth People's Hospital
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology
- Shanghai
| | - Yuqiong Wu
- Department of Prosthodontics
- Ninth People's Hospital
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Wudi Ma
- Department of Oral Surgery
- Ninth People's Hospital
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology
- Shanghai
| | - Xinquan Jiang
- Department of Prosthodontics
- Ninth People's Hospital
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
- Shanghai
- China
| | | | - Mamoru Uemura
- Department of Anatomy
- Osaka Dental University
- Osaka
- Japan
| | - Lunguo Xia
- Center of Craniofacial Orthodontics
- Department of Oral and Cranio-maxillofacial Science
- Ninth People's Hospital
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
- Shanghai
| | - Kaili Lin
- School & Hospital of Stomatology
- Tongji University
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration
- Shanghai, 200072
- China
| | - Yuanjin Xu
- Department of Oral Surgery
- Ninth People's Hospital
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology
- Shanghai
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23
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Promotion of behavior and neuronal function by reactive oxygen species in C. elegans. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13234. [PMID: 27824033 PMCID: PMC5105148 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are well known to elicit a plethora of detrimental effects on cellular functions by causing damages to proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. Neurons are particularly vulnerable to ROS, and nearly all forms of neurodegenerative diseases are associated with oxidative stress. Here, we report the surprising finding that exposing C. elegans to low doses of H2O2 promotes, rather than compromises, sensory behavior and the function of sensory neurons such as ASH. This beneficial effect of H2O2 is mediated by an evolutionarily conserved peroxiredoxin-p38/MAPK signaling cascade. We further show that p38/MAPK signals to AKT and the TRPV channel OSM-9, a sensory channel in ASH neurons. AKT phosphorylates OSM-9, and such phosphorylation is required for H2O2-induced potentiation of sensory behavior and ASH neuron function. Our results uncover a beneficial effect of ROS on neurons, revealing unexpected complexity of the action of oxidative stressors in the nervous system. The deleterious role of reactive oxygen species has been widely reported in the nervous system. Here the authors report that surprisingly, low doses of H2O2 in fact enhances sensory neuron function and promotes sensory behaviors in C. elegans.
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Sulen A, Gullaksen SE, Bader L, McClymont DW, Skavland J, Gavasso S, Gjertsen BT. Signaling effects of sodium hydrosulfide in healthy donor peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Pharmacol Res 2016; 113:216-227. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Drube S, Kraft F, Dudeck J, Müller AL, Weber F, Göpfert C, Meininger I, Beyer M, Irmler I, Häfner N, Schütz D, Stumm R, Yakovleva T, Gaestel M, Dudeck A, Kamradt T. MK2/3 Are Pivotal for IL-33-Induced and Mast Cell-Dependent Leukocyte Recruitment and the Resulting Skin Inflammation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:3662-3668. [PMID: 27694493 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The IL-1R family member IL-33R mediates Fcε-receptor-I (FcεRI)-independent activation of mast cells leading to NF-κB activation and consequently the production of cytokines. IL-33 also induces the activation of MAPKs, such as p38. We aimed to define the relevance of the p38-targets, the MAPK-activated protein kinases 2 and 3 (MK2 and MK3) in IL-33-induced signaling and the resulting mast cell effector functions in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrate that the IL-33-induced IL-6 and IL-13 production strongly depends on the MK2/3-mediated activation of ERK1/2 and PI3K signaling. Furthermore, in the presence of the stem cell factors, IL-33 did induce an MK2/3-, ERK1/2- and PI3K-dependent production of TNF-α. In vivo, the loss of MK2/3 in mast cells decreased the IL-33-induced leukocyte recruitment and the resulting skin inflammation. Therefore, the MK2/3-dependent signaling in mast cells is essential to mediate IL-33-induced inflammatory responses. Thus, MK2/3 are potential therapeutic targets for suppression of IL-33-induced inflammation skin diseases such as psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Drube
- Institute of Immunology, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany;
| | - Florian Kraft
- Institute of Immunology, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Jan Dudeck
- Institute of Immunology, Technical University Dresden, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Müller
- Institute of Immunology, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Franziska Weber
- Institute of Immunology, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | | | - Isabel Meininger
- Institute of Immunology, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Mandy Beyer
- Institute of Immunology, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ingo Irmler
- Institute of Immunology, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Norman Häfner
- Department of Gynecology, Jena University Hospital-Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Dagmar Schütz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany; and
| | - Ralf Stumm
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany; and
| | - Tatiana Yakovleva
- Department of Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30623 Hannover, Germany
| | - Matthias Gaestel
- Department of Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, 30623 Hannover, Germany
| | - Anne Dudeck
- Institute of Immunology, Technical University Dresden, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Kamradt
- Institute of Immunology, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany
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Hou Y, Nie Y, Cheng B, Tao J, Ma X, Jiang M, Gao J, Bai G. Qingfei Xiaoyan Wan, a traditional Chinese medicine formula, ameliorates Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced acute lung inflammation by regulation of PI3K/AKT and Ras/MAPK pathways. Acta Pharm Sin B 2016; 6:212-21. [PMID: 27175332 PMCID: PMC4856955 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Gram-negative pathogen–induced nosocomial infections and resistance are a most serious menace to global public health. Qingfei Xiaoyan Wan (QF), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula, has been used clinically in China for the treatment of upper respiratory tract infections, acute or chronic bronchitis and pulmonary infection. In this study, the effects of QF on Pseudomonas aeruginosa–induced acute pneumonia in mice were evaluated. The mechanisms by which four typical anti-inflammatory ingredients from QF, arctigenin (ATG), cholic acid (CLA), chlorogenic acid (CGA) and sinapic acid (SPA), regulate anti-inflammatory signaling pathways and related targets were investigated using molecular biology and molecular docking techniques. The results showed that pretreatment with QF significantly inhibits the release of cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) and chemokines (IL-8 and RANTES), reduces leukocytes recruitment into inflamed tissues and ameliorates pulmonary edema and necrosis. In addition, ATG was identified as the primary anti-inflammatory agent with action on the PI3K/AKT and Ras/MAPK pathways. CLA and CGA enhanced the actions of ATG and exhibited synergistic NF-κB inactivation effects possibly via the Ras/MAPK signaling pathway. Moreover, CLA is speculated to target FGFR and MEK firstly. Overall, QF regulated the PI3K/AKT and Ras/MAPK pathways to inhibit pathogenic bacterial infections effectively.
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Key Words
- ATG, arctigenin
- Anti-inflammatory
- CGA, chlorogenic acid
- CLA, cholic acid
- DMSO, dimethylsulfoxide
- Dex, dexamethasone
- ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- ESI, electrospray ionization
- GA, genetic algorithm
- HE, hematoxylin and eosin
- KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes
- LB, Luria–Bertani
- LEV, levofloxacin
- Lung
- MAPK, mitogen activated protein kinase
- Mouse
- NFATc1, nuclear factor of activated T cells c1
- Network pharmacology
- Ninj1, ninjurin1
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PI3K, phosphoinositide 3-kinase
- PI3K/AKT pathway
- Pathogenic bacterial infection
- QF, Qingfei Xiaoyan Wan
- Ras/MAPK pathway
- SARS, severe acute respiratory syndrome
- SPA, sinapic acid
- TCM, traditional Chinese medicine
- TTBS, Tween 20/Tris-buffered saline
- UPLC, ultra-performance liquid chromatography
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yan Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Binfeng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jin Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiaoyao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Min Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jie Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Gang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- Corresponding author.
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27
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Studzinski GP, Harrison JS, Wang X, Sarkar S, Kalia V, Danilenko M. Vitamin D Control of Hematopoietic Cell Differentiation and Leukemia. J Cell Biochem 2016; 116:1500-12. [PMID: 25694395 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
It is now well known that in the mammalian body vitamin D is converted by successive hydroxylations to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D), a steroid-like hormone with pleiotropic properties. These include important contributions to the control of cell proliferation, survival and differentiation, as well as the regulation of immune responses in disease. Here, we present recent advances in current understanding of the role of 1,25D in myelopoiesis and lymphopoiesis, and the potential of 1,25D and analogs (vitamin D derivatives; VDDs) for the control of hematopoietic malignancies. The reasons for the unimpressive results of most clinical studies of the therapeutic effects of VDDs in leukemia and related diseases may include the lack of a precise rationale for the conduct of these studies. Further, clinical trials to date have generally used extremely heterogeneous patient populations and, in many cases, small numbers of patients, generally without controls. Although low calcemic VDDs have been used and combined with agents that can increase the leukemia cell killing or differentiation effects in acute leukemias, the sequencing of agents used for combination therapy should to be more clearly delineated. Most importantly, it is recommended that in future clinical trials the rationale for the basis of the enhancing action of drug combinations should be clearly articulated and the effects on anticancer immunity should also be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- George P Studzinski
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers, NJ Medical School, 185 South Orange Ave, Newark, New Jersey 07103
| | - Jonathan S Harrison
- Department of Medicine, University of Missouri Medical School, One Hospital Drive, Columbia, Missouri 65212
| | - Xuening Wang
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Rutgers, NJ Medical School, 185 South Orange Ave, Newark, New Jersey 07103
| | - Surojit Sarkar
- The Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Vandana Kalia
- The Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Michael Danilenko
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry & Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O. Box 653, 84105, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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28
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Das F, Ghosh-Choudhury N, Mariappan MM, Kasinath BS, Choudhury GG. Hydrophobic motif site-phosphorylated protein kinase CβII between mTORC2 and Akt regulates high glucose-induced mesangial cell hypertrophy. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2016; 310:C583-96. [PMID: 26739493 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00266.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
PKCβII controls the pathologic features of diabetic nephropathy, including glomerular mesangial cell hypertrophy. PKCβII contains the COOH-terminal hydrophobic motif site Ser-660. Whether this hydrophobic motif phosphorylation contributes to high glucose-induced mesangial cell hypertrophy has not been determined. Here we show that, in mesangial cells, high glucose increased phosphorylation of PKCβII at Ser-660 in a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase)-dependent manner. Using siRNAs to downregulate PKCβII, dominant negative PKCβII, and PKCβII hydrophobic motif phosphorylation-deficient mutant, we found that PKCβII regulates activation of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and mesangial cell hypertrophy by high glucose. PKCβII via its phosphorylation at Ser-660 regulated phosphorylation of Akt at both catalytic loop and hydrophobic motif sites, resulting in phosphorylation and inactivation of its substrate PRAS40. Specific inhibition of mTORC2 increased mTORC1 activity and induced mesangial cell hypertrophy. In contrast, inhibition of mTORC2 decreased the phosphorylation of PKCβII and Akt, leading to inhibition of PRAS40 phosphorylation and mTORC1 activity and prevented mesangial cell hypertrophy in response to high glucose; expression of constitutively active Akt or mTORC1 restored mesangial cell hypertrophy. Moreover, constitutively active PKCβII reversed the inhibition of high glucose-stimulated Akt phosphorylation and mesangial cell hypertrophy induced by suppression of mTORC2. Finally, using renal cortexes from type 1 diabetic mice, we found that increased phosphorylation of PKCβII at Ser-660 was associated with enhanced Akt phosphorylation and mTORC1 activation. Collectively, our findings identify a signaling route connecting PI3-kinase to mTORC2 to phosphorylate PKCβII at the hydrophobic motif site necessary for Akt phosphorylation and mTORC1 activation, leading to mesangial cell hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falguni Das
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Nandini Ghosh-Choudhury
- Veterans Affairs Research, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas; Departments of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Meenalakshmi M Mariappan
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Balakuntalam S Kasinath
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas; Veterans Affairs Research, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Goutam Ghosh Choudhury
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas; Veterans Affairs Research, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Research, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas; and
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29
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Nguyen Ho-Bouldoires TH, Clapéron A, Mergey M, Wendum D, Desbois-Mouthon C, Tahraoui S, Fartoux L, Chettouh H, Merabtene F, Scatton O, Gaestel M, Praz F, Housset C, Fouassier L. Mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase 2 mediates resistance to hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in human hepatobiliary cancer cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 89:34-46. [PMID: 26169728 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The development and progression of liver cancer are characterized by increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS-induced oxidative stress impairs cell proliferation and ultimately leads to cell death. Although liver cancer cells are especially resistant to oxidative stress, mechanisms of such resistance remain understudied. We identified the MAPK-activated protein kinase 2 (MK2)/heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27) signaling pathway mediating defenses against oxidative stress. In addition to MK2 and Hsp27 overexpression in primary liver tumors compared to adjacent nontumorous tissues, the MK2/Hsp27 pathway is activated by hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress in hepatobiliary cancer cells. MK2 inactivation or inhibition of MK2 or Hsp27 expression increases caspase-3 and PARP cleavage and DNA breaks and therefore cell death. Interestingly, MK2/Hsp27 inhibition decreases antioxidant defenses such as heme oxygenase 1 through downregulation of the transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-like 2. Moreover, MK2/Hsp27 inhibition decreases both phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and expression of its ligand, heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor. A new identified partner of MK2, the scaffold PDZ protein EBP50, could facilitate these effects through MK2/Hsp27 pathway regulation. These findings demonstrate that the MK2/Hsp27 pathway actively participates in resistance to oxidative stress and may contribute to liver cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Huong Nguyen Ho-Bouldoires
- INSERM UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, F-75012 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Audrey Clapéron
- INSERM UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, F-75012 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Martine Mergey
- INSERM UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, F-75012 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Dominique Wendum
- INSERM UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, F-75012 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, F-75012 Paris, France; Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Christèle Desbois-Mouthon
- INSERM UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, F-75012 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Sylvana Tahraoui
- INSERM UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, F-75012 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Laetitia Fartoux
- INSERM UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, F-75012 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, F-75012 Paris, France; Service d'Hépatologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Hamza Chettouh
- INSERM UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, F-75012 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Fatiha Merabtene
- INSERM UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, F-75012 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Scatton
- INSERM UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, F-75012 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, F-75012 Paris, France; Service de Chirurgie Hépato-Biliaire et Transplantation Hépatique, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Matthias Gaestel
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Françoise Praz
- INSERM UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, F-75012 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Chantal Housset
- INSERM UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, F-75012 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, F-75012 Paris, France; Service d'Hépatologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Laura Fouassier
- INSERM UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, F-75012 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, F-75012 Paris, France.
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30
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Zhang X, Wang Y, Wang J, Sun F. Protein-protein interactions among signaling pathways may become new therapeutic targets in liver cancer (Review). Oncol Rep 2015; 35:625-38. [PMID: 26717966 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous signaling pathways have been shown to be dysregulated in liver cancer. In addition, some protein-protein interactions are prerequisite for the uncontrolled activation or inhibition of these signaling pathways. For instance, in the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, protein AKT binds with a number of proteins such as mTOR, FOXO1 and MDM2 to play an oncogenic role in liver cancer. The aim of the present review was to focus on a series of important protein-protein interactions that can serve as potential therapeutic targets in liver cancer among certain important pro-carcinogenic signaling pathways. The strategies of how to investigate and analyze the protein-protein interactions are also included in this review. A survey of these protein interactions may provide alternative therapeutic targets in liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Yulan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Jiayi Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Fenyong Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
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fMLP-Induced IL-8 Release Is Dependent on NADPH Oxidase in Human Neutrophils. J Immunol Res 2015; 2015:120348. [PMID: 26634216 PMCID: PMC4655063 DOI: 10.1155/2015/120348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
N-Formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) and platelet-activating factor (PAF) induce similar intracellular signalling profiles; but only fMLP induces interleukin-8 (IL-8) release and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate reduced (NADPH) oxidase activity in neutrophils. Because the role of ROS on IL-8 release in neutrophils is until now controversial, we assessed if NADPH oxidase is involved in the IL-8 secretions and PI3K/Akt, MAPK, and NF-κB pathways activity induced by fMLP. Neutrophils were obtained from healthy volunteers. IL-8 was measured by ELISA, IL-8 mRNA by qPCR, and ROS production by luminol-amplified chemiluminescence, reduction of ferricytochrome c, and FACS. Intracellular pH changes were detected by spectrofluorescence. ERK1/2, p38 MAPK, and Akt phosphorylation were analysed by immunoblotting and NF-κB was analysed by immunocytochemistry. Hydroxy-3-methoxyaceto-phenone (HMAP), diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), and siRNA Nox2 reduced the ROS and IL-8 release in neutrophils treated with fMLP. HMAP, DPI, and amiloride (a Na+/H+ exchanger inhibitor) inhibited the Akt phosphorylation and did not affect the p38 MAPK and ERK1/2 activity. DPI and HMAP reduced NF-κB translocation induced by fMLP. We showed that IL-8 release induced by fMLP is dependent on NADPH oxidase, and ROS could play a redundant role in cell signalling, ultimately activating the PI3K/Akt and NF-κB pathways in neutrophils.
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Increasing pro-survival factors within whole brain tissue of Sprague Dawley rats via intracerebral administration of modified valproic acid. J Pharmacol Sci 2015; 128:193-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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Geldanamycin Enhances Retrograde Transport of Shiga Toxin in HEp-2 Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129214. [PMID: 26017782 PMCID: PMC4445914 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) inhibitor geldanamycin (GA) has been shown to alter endosomal sorting, diverting cargo destined for the recycling pathway into the lysosomal pathway. Here we investigated whether GA also affects the sorting of cargo into the retrograde pathway from endosomes to the Golgi apparatus. As a model cargo we used the bacterial toxin Shiga toxin, which exploits the retrograde pathway as an entry route to the cytosol. Indeed, GA treatment of HEp-2 cells strongly increased the Shiga toxin transport to the Golgi apparatus. The enhanced Golgi transport was not due to increased endocytic uptake of the toxin or perturbed recycling, suggesting that GA selectively enhances endosomal sorting into the retrograde pathway. Moreover, GA activated p38 and both inhibitors of p38 or its substrate MK2 partially counteracted the GA-induced increase in Shiga toxin transport. Thus, our data suggest that GA-induced p38 and MK2 activation participate in the increased Shiga toxin transport to the Golgi apparatus.
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Sturm EM, Parzmair GP, Radnai B, Frei RB, Sturm GJ, Hammer A, Schuligoi R, Lippe IT, Heinemann A. Phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1) mediates potent inhibitory effects on eosinophils. Eur J Immunol 2015; 45:1548-59. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201445196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva M. Sturm
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology; Medical University of Graz; Graz Austria
| | - Gerald P. Parzmair
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology; Medical University of Graz; Graz Austria
| | - Balázs Radnai
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology; Medical University of Graz; Graz Austria
| | - Robert B. Frei
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology; Medical University of Graz; Graz Austria
| | - Gunter J. Sturm
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology; Division of Environmental Dermatology and Venereology; Medical University of Graz; Graz Austria
| | - Astrid Hammer
- Institute of Cell Biology; Histology and Embryology; Medical University of Graz; Graz Austria
| | - Rufina Schuligoi
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology; Medical University of Graz; Graz Austria
| | - Irmgard Th. Lippe
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology; Medical University of Graz; Graz Austria
| | - Akos Heinemann
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology; Medical University of Graz; Graz Austria
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Ichimura M, Minami A, Nakano N, Kitagishi Y, Murai T, Matsuda S. Cigarette smoke may be an exacerbation factor in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease via modulation of the PI3K/AKT pathway. AIMS MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.3934/molsci.2015.4.427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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36
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Arrigo AP, Ducarouge B, Lavial F, Gibert B. Immense Cellular Implications Associated to Small Stress Proteins Expression: Impacts on Human Pathologies. HEAT SHOCK PROTEINS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-16077-1_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Korm S, Jeong HC, Kwon OS, Park JR, Cho H, Kim YM, Chin YW, Cha HJ. α-Mangostin induces G1 cell cycle arrest in HCT116 cells through p38MAPK-p16INK4a pathway. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra00780a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Mangostin (α-MG), one of the active substances inGarcinia mangostana, has been shown to exhibit anti-cancer effects in HCT116 colon cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sovannarith Korm
- Department of Life Science
- College of Natural Science
- Sogang University
- Seoul
- Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Chang Jeong
- Department of Life Science
- College of Natural Science
- Sogang University
- Seoul
- Republic of Korea
| | - Ok-Seon Kwon
- Department of Life Science
- College of Natural Science
- Sogang University
- Seoul
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Rak Park
- Department of Life Science
- College of Natural Science
- Sogang University
- Seoul
- Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeseong Cho
- Department of Biochemistry
- Ajou University School of Medicine
- Suwon
- Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Mi Kim
- College of Pharmacy and BK21PLUS R-FIND Team
- Dongguk University-Seoul
- Goyang
- Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Won Chin
- College of Pharmacy and BK21PLUS R-FIND Team
- Dongguk University-Seoul
- Goyang
- Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuk-Jin Cha
- Department of Life Science
- College of Natural Science
- Sogang University
- Seoul
- Republic of Korea
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p38MAPK and MK2 pathways are important for the differentiation-dependent human papillomavirus life cycle. J Virol 2014; 89:1919-24. [PMID: 25410865 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02712-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Amplification of human papillomaviruses (HPV) is dependent on the ATM DNA damage pathway. In cells with impaired p53 activity, DNA damage repair requires the activation of p38MAPK along with MAPKAP kinase 2 (MK2). In HPV-positive cells, phosphorylation of p38 and MK2 proteins was induced along with relocalization to the cytoplasm. Treatment with MK2 or p38 inhibitors blocked HPV genome amplification, identifying the p38/MK2 pathway as a key regulator of the HPV life cycle.
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Li L, Zheng BB, Ma LS, Sun X, Chang JJ, Xie WD, Li X. Telekin suppresses human hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro by inducing G2/M phase arrest via the p38 MAPK signaling pathway. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2014; 35:1311-22. [PMID: 25176399 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2014.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Telekin, isolated from the Chinese herb Carpesium divaricatum, has shown anti-proliferation effects against various cancer cells, including hepatocellular carcinoma cells. In this study, we investigated the anti-proliferation mechanisms of telekin in human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells in vitro. METHODS HepG2 cells were treated with telekin. Cell viability was evaluated using MTT assay. Flow cytometry was used to measure cell cycle profiles, ROS level and apoptosis. The protein expression levels were analyzed with Western blotting. RESULTS Telekin (3.75-30 μmol/L) dose-dependently inhibited the viability of HepG2 cells and induced l apoptosis. Furthermore, the treatment induced cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase, accompanied by significantly increased the phosphorylation of Cdc25A and Cdc2, and decreased Cyclin B1 level. Moreover, the treatment significantly stimulated ROS production, and increased the phosphorylation of p38 and MAPKAPK-2 in the cells. Pretreatment with the antioxidant NAC (2.5, 5, and 10 mmol/L), or the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 (2.5 and 5 μmol/L) dose-dependently attenuated these telekin-induced effects in the cells. CONCLUSION Telekin suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro by inducing G2/M phase arrest via activating the p38 MAPK pathway.
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Li R, Li J, Sang D, Lan Q. Phosphorylation of AKT induced by phosphorylated Hsp27 confers the apoptosis-resistance in t-AUCB-treated glioblastoma cells in vitro. J Neurooncol 2014; 121:83-9. [PMID: 25200832 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-014-1610-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to determine whether phosphorylation of AKT could be effected by t-AUCB-induced p-Hsp27 and whether p-AKT inhibition sensitizes glioblastoma cells to t-AUCB, and to evaluate the effects of simultaneous inhibition of p-Hsp27 and p-AKT on t-AUCB treated glioblastoma cells. Cell growth was detected using CCK-8 assay; Caspase-3 activity assay kits and flow cytometry were used in apoptosis analysis; Western blot analysis was used to detect p-Hsp27 and p-AKT levels; RNA interference using the siRNA oligos of Hsp27 was performed to knockdown gene expression of Hsp27. All data were analyzed by the Student-Newman-Keul's test. We demonstrated that t-AUCB treatment induces AKT phosphorylation by activating Hsp27 in U251 and LN443 cell lines. Inhibition of AKT phosphorylation by AKT inhibitor IV sensitizes glioblastoma cells to t-AUCB, strengthens t-AUCB suppressing cell growth and inducing cell apoptosis. We also found inhibiting both p-Hsp27 and p-AKT synergistically strengthen t-AUCB suppressing cell growth. Thus, p-AKT induced by p-Hsp27 confers the apoptosis-resistance in t-AUCB-treated glioblastoma cells. Targeting p-Hsp27 and/or p-AKT may be a potential effective strategy for the treatment of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rujun Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 1055 Sanxiang Road, Suzhou, 215004, Jiangsu, China
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41
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Grossi V, Peserico A, Tezil T, Simone C. p38α MAPK pathway: A key factor in colorectal cancer therapy and chemoresistance. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:9744-9758. [PMID: 25110412 PMCID: PMC4123363 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i29.9744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains one of the most common malignancies in the world. Although surgical resection combined with adjuvant therapy is effective at the early stages of the disease, resistance to conventional therapies is frequently observed in advanced stages, where treatments become ineffective. Resistance to cisplatin, irinotecan and 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy has been shown to involve mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling and recent studies identified p38α MAPK as a mediator of resistance to various agents in CRC patients. Studies published in the last decade showed a dual role for the p38α pathway in mammals. Its role as a negative regulator of proliferation has been reported in both normal (including cardiomyocytes, hepatocytes, fibroblasts, hematopoietic and lung cells) and cancer cells (colon, prostate, breast, lung tumor cells). This function is mediated by the negative regulation of cell cycle progression and the transduction of some apoptotic stimuli. However, despite its anti-proliferative and tumor suppressor activity in some tissues, the p38α pathway may also acquire an oncogenic role involving cancer related-processes such as cell metabolism, invasion, inflammation and angiogenesis. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about the predominant role of the p38α MAPK pathway in CRC development and chemoresistance. In our view, this might help establish the therapeutic potential of the targeted manipulation of this pathway in clinical settings.
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42
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Global consequences of liver ischemia/reperfusion injury. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2014; 2014:906965. [PMID: 24799983 PMCID: PMC3995148 DOI: 10.1155/2014/906965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Revised: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Liver ischemia/reperfusion injury has been extensively studied during the last decades and has been implicated in the pathophysiology of many clinical entities following hepatic surgery and transplantation. Apart from its pivotal role in the pathogenesis of the organ's post reperfusion injury, it has also been proposed as an underlying mechanism responsible for the dysfunction and injury of other organs as well. It seems that liver ischemia and reperfusion represent an event with “global” consequences that influence the function of many remote organs including the lung, kidney, intestine, pancreas, adrenals, and myocardium among others. The molecular and clinical manifestation of these remote organs injury may lead to the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, frequently encountered in these patients. Remote organ injury seems to be in part the result of the oxidative burst and the inflammatory response following reperfusion. The present paper aims to review the existing literature regarding the proposed mechanisms of remote organ injury after liver ischemia and reperfusion.
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43
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Edwards MW, Aultman JA, Harber G, Bhatt JM, Sztul E, Xu Q, Zhang P, Michalek SM, Katz J. Role of mTOR downstream effector signaling molecules in Francisella tularensis internalization by murine macrophages. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83226. [PMID: 24312679 PMCID: PMC3849438 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Francisella tularensis is an infectious, gram-negative, intracellular microorganism, and the cause of tularemia. Invasion of host cells by intracellular pathogens like Francisella is initiated by their interaction with different host cell membrane receptors and the rapid phosphorylation of different downstream signaling molecules. PI3K and Syk have been shown to be involved in F. tularensis host cell entry, and both of these signaling molecules are associated with the master regulator serine/threonine kinase mTOR; yet the involvement of mTOR in F. tularensis invasion of host cells has not been assessed. Here, we report that infection of macrophages with F. tularensis triggers the phosphorylation of mTOR downstream effector molecules, and that signaling via TLR2 is necessary for these events. Inhibition of mTOR or of PI3K, ERK, or p38, but not Akt signaling, downregulates the levels of phosphorylation of mTOR downstream targets, and significantly reduces the number of F. tularensis cells invading macrophages. Moreover, while phosphorylation of mTOR downstream effectors occurs via the PI3K pathway, it also involves PLCγ1 and Ca(2+) signaling. Furthermore, abrogation of PLC or Ca(2+) signaling revealed their important role in the ability of F. tularensis to invade host cells. Together, these findings suggest that F. tularensis invasion of primary macrophages utilize a myriad of host signaling pathways to ensure effective cell entry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W. Edwards
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - James A. Aultman
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Gregory Harber
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Jay M. Bhatt
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth Sztul
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Qingan Xu
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Suzanne M. Michalek
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Jannet Katz
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
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Prüfer S, Weber M, Sasca D, Teschner D, Wölfel C, Stein P, Stassen M, Schild H, Radsak MP. Distinct signaling cascades of TREM-1, TLR and NLR in neutrophils and monocytic cells. J Innate Immun 2013; 6:339-52. [PMID: 24281714 DOI: 10.1159/000355892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM-1) is an important mediator of innate inflammatory responses in microbial infections and sepsis. TREM-1 ligation on neutrophils (PMN) or monocytes results in the production of proinflammatory cytokines. Engagement of TREM-1 induces the activation of MAP kinases as well as rapid Ca(2+) mobilization. However, a detailed understanding of TREM-1 signaling pathways is currently lacking. We evaluated the TREM-1 signaling hierarchy in monocytic cells and found that the acute myeloid leukemia cell line MUTZ-3 expresses TREM-1 in a natural and functional manner. We compared essential signaling molecules of the TREM-1, TLR and NLR cascade in MUTZ-3 cells as well as primary monocytes or PMN by Western blot analysis. These studies confirmed the essential role of phosphatidyl inositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and p38MAPK in the TREM-1 as well as the TLR or NLR cascade of monocytic cells. Importantly, PI3K and p38MAPK signals in monocytic cells both control Ca(2+) mobilization and are directly connected in the TREM-1 signaling hierarchy, which contrasts previous results obtained in PMN. Taken together, our results indicate cell type-specific differences in the TREM-1 signaling cascade and contribute to an enhanced understanding of the regulation of innate inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Prüfer
- Institute for Immunology, Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
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45
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Zhang Y, Wang X, Yang H, Liu H, Lu Y, Han L, Liu G. Kinase AKT controls innate immune cell development and function. Immunology 2013; 140:143-52. [PMID: 23692658 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The critical roles of kinase AKT in tumour cell proliferation, apoptosis and protein synthesis have been widely recognized. But AKT also plays an important role in immune modulation. Recent studies have confirmed that kinase AKT can regulate the development and functions of innate immune cells (neutrophil, macrophage and dendritic cell). Studies have shown that different isoforms of kinase AKT have different effects in regulating immunity-related diseases, mainly through the mammalian target of rapamycin-dependent or -independent pathways. The purpose of this review is to illustrate the immune modulating effects of kinase AKT on innate immune cell development, survival and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang, China
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46
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Vittal R, Fisher A, Gu H, Mickler EA, Panitch A, Lander C, Cummings OW, Sandusky GE, Wilkes DS. Peptide-mediated inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase-2 ameliorates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2013; 49:47-57. [PMID: 23470623 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2012-0389oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase-2 (MAPKAPK2, or MK2), a serine/threonine kinase downstream of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, has been implicated in inflammation and fibrosis. Compared with pathologically normal lung tissue, significantly higher concentrations of activated MK2 are evident in lung biopsies of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Expression is localized to fibroblasts and epithelial cells. In the murine bleomycin model of pulmonary fibrosis, we observed robust, activated MK2 expression on Day 7 (prefibrotic stage) and Day 14 (postfibrotic stage). To determine the effects of MK2 inhibition during the postinflammatory/prefibrotic and postfibrotic stages, C57BL/6 mice received intratracheal bleomycin instillation (0.025 U; Day 0), followed by PBS or the MK2 inhibitor (MK2i; 37.5 μg/kg), administered via either local (nebulized) or systemic (intraperitoneal) routes. MK2i or PBS was dosed daily for 14 days subsequent to bleomycin injury, beginning on either Day 7 or Day 14. Regardless of mode of administration or stage of intervention, MK2i significantly abrogated collagen deposition, myofibroblast differentiation and activated MK2 expression. MK2i also decreased circulating TNF-α and IL-6 concentrations, and modulated the local mRNA expression of profibrotic cytokine il-1β, matrix-related genes col1a2, col3a1, and lox, and transforming growth factor-β family members, including smad3, serpine1 (pai1), and smad6/7. In vitro, MK2i dose-dependently attenuated total MK2, myofibroblast differentiation, the secretion of collagen Type I, fibronectin, and the activation of focal adhesion kinase, whereas activated MK2 was attenuated at optimal doses. The peptide-mediated inhibition of MK2 affects both inflammatory and fibrotic responses, and thus may offer a promising therapeutic target for IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragini Vittal
- Center for Immunobiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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47
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Cross talk between the Akt and p38α pathways in macrophages downstream of Toll-like receptor signaling. Mol Cell Biol 2013; 33:4152-65. [PMID: 23979601 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01691-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The stimulation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) on macrophages by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) results in the activation of intracellular signaling pathways that are required for initiating a host immune response. Both phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways are activated rapidly in response to TLR activation and are required to coordinate effective host responses to pathogen invasion. In this study, we analyzed the role of the p38-dependent kinases MK2/3 in the activation of Akt and show that lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced phosphorylation of Akt on Thr308 and Ser473 requires p38α and MK2/3. In cells treated with p38 inhibitors or an MK2/3 inhibitor, phosphorylation of Akt on Ser473 and Thr308 is reduced and Akt activity is inhibited. Furthermore, BMDMs deficient in MK2/3 display greatly reduced phosphorylation of Ser473 and Thr308 following TLR stimulation. However, MK2/3 do not directly phosphorylate Akt in macrophages but act upstream of PDK1 and mTORC2 to regulate Akt phosphorylation. Akt is recruited to phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3) in the membrane, where it is activated by PDK1 and mTORC2. Analysis of lipid levels in MK2/3-deficient bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) revealed a role for MK2/3 in regulating Akt activity by affecting availability of PIP3 at the membrane. These data describe a novel role for p38α-MK2/3 in regulating TLR-induced Akt activation in macrophages.
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48
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Cai W, Shi GX, Andres DA. Putting the Rit in cellular resistance: Rit, p38 MAPK and oxidative stress. Commun Integr Biol 2013; 6:e22297. [PMID: 23802035 PMCID: PMC3689566 DOI: 10.4161/cib.22297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells mobilize diverse signaling pathways to protect against stress-mediated injury. Ras family GTPases play critical roles in this process, controlling the activation and integration of multiple regulatory cascades. p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling serves as a critical fulcrum in this process, regulating networks that stimulate cellular apoptosis but also promote cell survival. However, this functional dichotomy is incompletely understood, particularly regulation of p38-dependent survival. Here, we discuss our recent evidence that the Rit GTPase associates with and is required for stress-mediated activation of a scaffolded p38-MK2-HSP27-Akt pro-survival signaling cascade. Drosophila lacking D-Ric, a Rit homologue, are susceptible to a variety of environmental stresses, while embryonic fibroblasts derived from Rit knockout mice display blunted stress-dependent signaling and decreased viability. Conversely, expression of constitutively active Rit triggers p38-Akt-dependent cell survival. Together, our studies establish Rit as the central regulator of an evolutionarily conserved, p38-dependent signaling cascade that functions as a critical survival mechanism in response to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weikang Cai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry; College of Medicine; University of Kentucky; Lexington, KY USA
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49
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Shi GX, Cai W, Andres DA. Rit subfamily small GTPases: regulators in neuronal differentiation and survival. Cell Signal 2013; 25:2060-8. [PMID: 23770287 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ras family small GTPases serve as binary molecular switches to regulate a broad array of cellular signaling cascades, playing essential roles in a vast range of normal physiological processes, with dysregulation of numerous Ras-superfamily G-protein-dependent regulatory cascades underlying the development of human disease. However, the physiological function for many "orphan" Ras-related GTPases remain poorly characterized, including members of the Rit subfamily GTPases. Rit is the founding member of a novel branch of the Ras subfamily, sharing close homology with the neuronally expressed Rin and Drosophila Ric GTPases. Here, we highlight recent studies using transgenic and knockout animal models which have begun to elucidate the physiological roles for the Rit subfamily, including emerging roles in the regulation of neuronal morphology and cellular survival signaling, and discuss new genetic data implicating Rit and Rin signaling in disorders such as cancer, Parkinson's disease, autism, and schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng-Xian Shi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, BBSRB, 741S. Limestone St., Lexington, KY 40536-0509, USA
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Sims JT, Ganguly SS, Bennett H, Friend JW, Tepe J, Plattner R. Imatinib reverses doxorubicin resistance by affecting activation of STAT3-dependent NF-κB and HSP27/p38/AKT pathways and by inhibiting ABCB1. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55509. [PMID: 23383209 PMCID: PMC3561297 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 12/23/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in cancer detection and prevention, a diagnosis of metastatic disease remains a death sentence due to the fact that many cancers are either resistant to chemotherapy (conventional or targeted) or develop resistance during treatment, and residual chemoresistant cells are highly metastatic. Metastatic cancer cells resist the effects of chemotherapeutic agents by upregulating drug transporters, which efflux the drugs, and by activating proliferation and survival signaling pathways. Previously, we found that c-Abl and Arg non-receptor tyrosine kinases are activated in breast cancer, melanoma, and glioblastoma cells, and promote cancer progression. In this report, we demonstrate that the c-Abl/Arg inhibitor, imatinib (imatinib mesylate, STI571, Gleevec), reverses intrinsic and acquired resistance to the anthracycline, doxorubicin, by inducing G2/M arrest and promoting apoptosis in cancer cells expressing highly active c-Abl and Arg. Significantly, imatinib prevents intrinsic resistance by promoting doxorubicin-mediated NF-κB/p65 nuclear localization and repression of NF-κB targets in a STAT3-dependent manner, and by preventing activation of a novel STAT3/HSP27/p38/Akt survival pathway. In contrast, imatinib prevents acquired resistance by inhibiting upregulation of the ABC drug transporter, ABCB1, directly inhibiting ABCB1 function, and abrogating survival signaling. Thus, imatinib inhibits multiple novel chemoresistance pathways, which indicates that it may be effective in reversing intrinsic and acquired resistance in cancers containing highly active c-Abl and Arg, a critical step in effectively treating metastatic disease. Furthermore, since imatinib converts a master survival regulator, NF-κB, from a pro-survival into a pro-apoptotic factor, our data suggest that NF-κB inhibitors may be ineffective in sensitizing tumors containing activated c-Abl/Arg to anthracyclines, and instead might antagonize anthracycline-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan T. Sims
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, University of Kentucky School of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Sourik S. Ganguly
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, University of Kentucky School of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Holly Bennett
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, University of Kentucky School of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - J. Woodrow Friend
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, University of Kentucky School of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Jessica Tepe
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, University of Kentucky School of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Rina Plattner
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Pharmacology, University of Kentucky School of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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