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Mohammed KAK, Madeddu P, Avolio E. MEK inhibitors: a promising targeted therapy for cardiovascular disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1404253. [PMID: 39011492 PMCID: PMC11247000 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1404253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) represents the leading cause of mortality and disability all over the world. Identifying new targeted therapeutic approaches has become a priority of biomedical research to improve patient outcomes and quality of life. The RAS-RAF-MEK (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase)-ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) pathway is gaining growing interest as a potential signaling cascade implicated in the pathogenesis of CVD. This pathway is pivotal in regulating cellular processes like proliferation, growth, migration, differentiation, and survival, which are vital in maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis. In addition, ERK signaling is involved in controlling angiogenesis, vascular tone, myocardial contractility, and oxidative stress. Dysregulation of this signaling cascade has been linked to cell dysfunction and vascular and cardiac pathological remodeling, which contribute to the onset and progression of CVD. Recent and ongoing research has provided insights into potential therapeutic interventions targeting the RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK pathway to improve cardiovascular pathologies. Preclinical studies have demonstrated the efficacy of targeted therapy with MEK inhibitors (MEKI) in attenuating ERK activation and mitigating CVD progression in animal models. In this article, we first describe how ERK signaling contributes to preserving cardiovascular health. We then summarize current knowledge of the roles played by ERK in the development and progression of cardiac and vascular disorders, including atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure, and aortic aneurysm. We finally report novel therapeutic strategies for these CVDs encompassing MEKI and discuss advantages, challenges, and future developments for MEKI therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled A K Mohammed
- Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Paolo Madeddu
- Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Elisa Avolio
- Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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2
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Grunert M, Dorn C, Dopazo A, Sánchez-Cabo F, Vázquez J, Rickert-Sperling S, Lara-Pezzi E. Technologies to Study Genetics and Molecular Pathways. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1441:435-458. [PMID: 38884724 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-44087-8_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Over the last few decades, the study of congenital heart disease (CHD) has benefited from various model systems and the development of molecular biological techniques enabling the analysis of single gene as well as global effects. In this chapter, we first describe different models including CHD patients and their families, animal models ranging from invertebrates to mammals, and various cell culture systems. Moreover, techniques to experimentally manipulate these models are discussed. Second, we introduce cardiac phenotyping technologies comprising the analysis of mouse and cell culture models, live imaging of cardiogenesis, and histological methods for fixed hearts. Finally, the most important and latest molecular biotechniques are described. These include genotyping technologies, different applications of next-generation sequencing, and the analysis of transcriptome, epigenome, proteome, and metabolome. In summary, the models and technologies presented in this chapter are essential to study the function and development of the heart and to understand the molecular pathways underlying CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Grunert
- Cardiovascular Genetics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- DiNAQOR AG, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Cornelia Dorn
- Cardiovascular Genetics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ana Dopazo
- Genomics Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fátima Sánchez-Cabo
- Bioinformatics Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jésus Vázquez
- Proteomics Unit, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Enrique Lara-Pezzi
- Myocardial Homeostasis and Cardiac Injury Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain.
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3
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Yi JS, Perla S, Bennett AM. An Assessment of the Therapeutic Landscape for the Treatment of Heart Disease in the RASopathies. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2023; 37:1193-1204. [PMID: 35156148 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-022-07324-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The RAS/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway controls a plethora of developmental and post-developmental processes. It is now clear that mutations in the RAS-MAPK pathway cause developmental diseases collectively referred to as the RASopathies. The RASopathies include Noonan syndrome, Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines, cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome, neurofibromatosis type 1, and Costello syndrome. RASopathy patients exhibit a wide spectrum of congenital heart defects (CHD), such as valvular abnormalities and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Since the cardiovascular defects are the most serious and recurrent cause of mortality in RASopathy patients, it is critical to understand the pathological signaling mechanisms that drive the disease. Therapies for the treatment of HCM and other RASopathy-associated comorbidities have yet to be fully realized. Recent developments have shown promise for the use of repurposed antineoplastic drugs that target the RAS-MAPK pathway for the treatment of RASopathy-associated HCM. However, given the impact of the RAS-MAPK pathway in post-developmental physiology, establishing safety and evaluating risk when treating children will be paramount. As such insight provided by preclinical and clinical information will be critical. This review will highlight the cardiovascular manifestations caused by the RASopathies and will discuss the emerging therapies for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Sung Yi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, SHM B226D, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520-8066, USA
| | - Sravan Perla
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, SHM B226D, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520-8066, USA
| | - Anton M Bennett
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, SHM B226D, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT, 06520-8066, USA.
- Yale Center for Molecular and Systems Metabolism, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
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Nakamura M, Keller MA, Fefelova N, Zhai P, Liu T, Tian Y, Ikeda S, Del Re DP, Li H, Xie LH, Sadoshima J. Ser14 phosphorylation of Bcl-xL mediates compensatory cardiac hypertrophy in male mice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5805. [PMID: 37726310 PMCID: PMC10509265 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41595-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The anti-apoptotic function of Bcl-xL in the heart during ischemia/reperfusion is diminished by K-Ras-Mst1-mediated phosphorylation of Ser14, which allows dissociation of Bcl-xL from Bax and promotes cardiomyocyte death. Here we show that Ser14 phosphorylation of Bcl-xL is also promoted by hemodynamic stress in the heart, through the H-Ras-ERK pathway. Bcl-xL Ser14 phosphorylation-resistant knock-in male mice develop less cardiac hypertrophy and exhibit contractile dysfunction and increased mortality during acute pressure overload. Bcl-xL Ser14 phosphorylation enhances the Ca2+ transient by blocking the inhibitory interaction between Bcl-xL and IP3Rs, thereby promoting Ca2+ release and activation of the calcineurin-NFAT pathway, a Ca2+-dependent mechanism that promotes cardiac hypertrophy. These results suggest that phosphorylation of Bcl-xL at Ser14 in response to acute pressure overload plays an essential role in mediating compensatory hypertrophy by inducing the release of Bcl-xL from IP3Rs, alleviating the negative constraint of Bcl-xL upon the IP3R-NFAT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michinari Nakamura
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Ave, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.
| | - Mariko Aoyagi Keller
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Ave, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Nadezhda Fefelova
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Ave, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Peiyong Zhai
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Ave, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Tong Liu
- Center for Advanced Proteomics Research, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Yimin Tian
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Ave, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Shohei Ikeda
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Ave, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Dominic P Del Re
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Ave, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Hong Li
- Center for Advanced Proteomics Research, Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Lai-Hua Xie
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Ave, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Junichi Sadoshima
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Ave, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.
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5
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Qian D, Tian J, Wang S, Shan X, Zhao P, Chen H, Xu M, Guo W, Zhang C, Lu R. Trans-cinnamaldehyde protects against phenylephrine-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy through the CaMKII/ERK pathway. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:115. [PMID: 35468773 PMCID: PMC9040265 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03594-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Trans-cinnamaldehyde (TCA) is one of the main pharmaceutical ingredients of Cinnamomum cassia Presl, which has been shown to have therapeutic effects on a variety of cardiovascular diseases. This study was carried out to characterize and reveal the underlying mechanisms of the protective effects of TCA against cardiac hypertrophy. Methods We used phenylephrine (PE) to induce cardiac hypertrophy and treated with TCA in vivo and in vitro. In neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs), RNA sequencing and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis were carried out to identify potential pathways of TCA. Then, the phosphorylation and nuclear localization of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) were detected. In adult mouse cardiomyocytes (AMCMs), calcium transients, calcium sparks, sarcomere shortening and the phosphorylation of several key proteins for calcium handling were evaluated. For mouse in vivo experiments, cardiac hypertrophy was evaluated by assessing morphological changes, echocardiographic parameters, and the expression of hypertrophic genes and proteins. Results TCA suppressed PE-induced cardiac hypertrophy and the phosphorylation and nuclear localization of CaMKII and ERK in NRCMs. Our data also demonstrate that TCA blocked the hyperphosphorylation of ryanodine receptor type 2 (RyR2) and phospholamban (PLN) and restored Ca2+ handling and sarcomere shortening in AMCMs. Moreover, our data revealed that TCA alleviated PE-induced cardiac hypertrophy in adult mice and downregulated the phosphorylation of CaMKII and ERK. Conclusion TCA has a protective effect against PE-induced cardiac hypertrophy that may be associated with the inhibition of the CaMKII/ERK pathway. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-022-03594-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Qian
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jing Tian
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Sining Wang
- Department of Comprehensive Internal Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Xiaoli Shan
- Public Experiment Platform, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Pei Zhao
- Public Experiment Platform, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Huihua Chen
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Physiology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Rong Lu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Yan X, Wu L, Gao M, Yang P, Yang J, Deng Y. Omentin inhibits the resistin‑induced hypertrophy of H9c2 cardiomyoblasts by inhibiting the TLR4/MyD88/NF‑κB signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2022; 23:292. [PMID: 35340867 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Yan
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Lin Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Wenling Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenling, Zhejiang 317500, P.R. China
| | - Min Gao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Shanxi Medical University and Shanxi Cardiovascular Hospital (Institute), Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, P.R. China
| | - Pengjie Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Shanxi Medical University and Shanxi Cardiovascular Hospital (Institute), Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, P.R. China
| | - Jinjing Yang
- Department of Cardiology and Central Laboratory, Shanxi Cardiovascular Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, P.R. China
| | - Yongzhi Deng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Shanxi Medical University and Shanxi Cardiovascular Hospital (Institute), Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, P.R. China
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7
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Li H, Trager LE, Liu X, Hastings MH, Xiao C, Guerra J, To S, Li G, Yeri A, Rodosthenous R, Silverman MG, Das S, Ambardekar AV, Bristow MR, Gonzalez-Rosa JM, Rosenzweig A. lncExACT1 and DCHS2 Regulate Physiological and Pathological Cardiac Growth. Circulation 2022; 145:1218-1233. [PMID: 35114812 PMCID: PMC9056949 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.056850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The heart grows in response to pathological and physiological stimuli. The former often precedes cardiomyocyte loss and heart failure; the latter paradoxically protects the heart and enhances cardiomyogenesis. The mechanisms underlying these differences remain incompletely understood. While long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are important in cardiac development and disease, less is known about their roles in physiological hypertrophy or cardiomyogenesis. METHODS RNA sequencing was applied to hearts from mice after eight weeks voluntary exercise-induced physiological hypertrophy and cardiomyogenesis or transverse aortic constriction (TAC) for two or eight weeks to induce pathological hypertrophy or heart failure. The top lncRNA candidate was overexpressed in hearts with adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors and inhibited with antisense locked nucleic acid (LNA)-GapmeRs to examine its function. Downstream effectors were identified through promoter analyses and binding assays. The functional roles of a novel downstream effector, dachsous cadherin-related 2 (DCHS2), were examined through transgenic overexpression in zebrafish and cardiac-specific deletion in Cas9-knockin mice. RESULTS We identified exercise-regulated cardiac lncRNAs, termed lncExACTs. lncExACT1 was evolutionarily conserved and decreased in exercised hearts but increased in human and experimental heart failure. Cardiac lncExACT1 overexpression caused pathological hypertrophy and heart failure, while lncExACT1 inhibition induced physiological hypertrophy and cardiomyogenesis, protecting against cardiac fibrosis and dysfunction. lncExACT1 functioned by regulating microRNA-222, calcineurin signaling, and Hippo/Yap1 signaling through DCHS2. Cardiomyocyte DCHS2 overexpression in zebrafish induced pathological hypertrophy and impaired cardiac regeneration, promoting scarring after injury. In contrast, murine DCHS2 deletion induced physiological hypertrophy and promoted cardiomyogenesis. CONCLUSIONS These studies identify lncExACT1-DCHS2 as a novel pathway regulating cardiac hypertrophy and cardiomyogenesis. lncExACT1-DCHS2 acts as a master switch toggling the heart between physiological and pathological growth to determine functional outcomes, providing a potentially tractable therapeutic target for harnessing the beneficial effects of exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haobo Li
- Corrigan-Minehan Heart Center and Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Lena E Trager
- Corrigan-Minehan Heart Center and Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Xiaojun Liu
- Corrigan-Minehan Heart Center and Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Margaret H Hastings
- Corrigan-Minehan Heart Center and Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Chunyang Xiao
- Corrigan-Minehan Heart Center and Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Justin Guerra
- Corrigan-Minehan Heart Center and Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Samantha To
- Corrigan-Minehan Heart Center and Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Guoping Li
- Corrigan-Minehan Heart Center and Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ashish Yeri
- Corrigan-Minehan Heart Center and Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Rodosthenis Rodosthenous
- Corrigan-Minehan Heart Center and Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Michael G Silverman
- Corrigan-Minehan Heart Center and Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Saumya Das
- Corrigan-Minehan Heart Center and Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Amrut V Ambardekar
- Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Michael R Bristow
- Division of Cardiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Juan Manuel Gonzalez-Rosa
- Corrigan-Minehan Heart Center and Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Anthony Rosenzweig
- Corrigan-Minehan Heart Center and Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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8
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Bourque K, Hawey C, Jiang A, Mazarura GR, Hébert TE. Biosensor-based profiling to track cellular signalling in patient-derived models of dilated cardiomyopathy. Cell Signal 2022; 91:110239. [PMID: 34990783 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathies (DCM) represent a diverse group of cardiovascular diseases impacting the structure and function of the myocardium. To better treat these diseases, we need to understand the impact of such cardiomyopathies on critical signalling pathways that drive disease progression downstream of receptors we often target therapeutically. Our understanding of cellular signalling events has progressed substantially in the last few years, in large part due to the design, validation and use of biosensor-based approaches to studying such events in cells, tissues and in some cases, living animals. Another transformative development has been the use of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) to generate disease-relevant models from individual patients. We highlight the importance of going beyond monocellular cultures to incorporate the influence of paracrine signalling mediators. Finally, we discuss the recent coalition of these approaches in the context of DCM. We discuss recent work in generating patient-derived models of cardiomyopathies and the utility of using signalling biosensors to track disease progression and test potential therapeutic strategies that can be later used to inform treatment options in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyla Bourque
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Cara Hawey
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Alyson Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Grace R Mazarura
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Terence E Hébert
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada.
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9
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Bourque K, Hawey C, Jones-Tabah J, Pétrin D, Martin RD, Ling Sun Y, Hébert TE. Measuring hypertrophy in neonatal rat primary cardiomyocytes and human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. Methods 2021; 203:447-464. [PMID: 34933120 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the heart, left ventricular hypertrophy is initially an adaptive mechanism that increases wall thickness to preserve normal cardiac output and function in the face of coronary artery disease or hypertension. Cardiac hypertrophy develops in response to pressure and volume overload but can also be seen in inherited cardiomyopathies. As the wall thickens, it becomes stiffer impairing the distribution of oxygenated blood to the rest of the body. With complex cellular signalling and transcriptional networks involved in the establishment of the hypertrophic state, several model systems have been developed to better understand the molecular drivers of disease. Immortalized cardiomyocyte cell lines, primary rodent and larger animal models have all helped understand the pathological mechanisms underlying cardiac hypertrophy. Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes are also used and have the additional benefit of providing access to human samples with direct disease relevance as when generated from patients suffering from hypertrophic cardiomyopathies. Here, we briefly review in vitro and in vivo model systems that have been used to model hypertrophy and provide detailed methods to isolate primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes as well as to generate cardiomyocytes from human iPSCs. We also describe how to model hypertrophy in a "dish" using gene expression analysis and immunofluorescence combined with automated high-content imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyla Bourque
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Cara Hawey
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Jace Jones-Tabah
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Darlaine Pétrin
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Ryan D Martin
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Yi Ling Sun
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Terence E Hébert
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3G 1Y6, Canada.
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10
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Serebryanaya DV, Adasheva DA, Konev AA, Artemieva MM, Katrukha IA, Postnikov AB, Medvedeva NA, Katrukha AG. IGFBP-4 Proteolysis by PAPP-A in a Primary Culture of Rat Neonatal Cardiomyocytes under Normal and Hypertrophic Conditions. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2021; 86:1395-1406. [PMID: 34906040 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297921110043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are among the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) is a matrix metalloprotease localized on the cell surface. One of the substrates that PAPP-A cleaves is the insulin-like growth factor binding protein-4 (IGFBP-4), a member of the family of proteins that bind insulin-like growth factor (IGF). Proteolysis of IGFBP-4 by PAPP-A occurs at a specific site resulting in formation of two proteolytic fragments - N-terminal IGFBP-4 (NT-IGFBP-4) and C-terminal IGFBP-4 (CT-IGFBP-4), and leads to the release of IGF activating various cellular processes including migration, proliferation, and cell growth. Increased levels of the proteolytic IGFBP-4 fragments correlate with the development of CVD complications and increased risk of death in patients with the coronary heart disease, acute coronary syndrome, and heart failure. However, there is no direct evidence that PAPP-A specifically cleaves IGFBP-4 in the cardiac tissue under normal and pathological conditions. In the present study, using a primary culture of rat neonatal cardiomyocytes as a model, we have demonstrated that: 1) proteolysis of IGFBP-4 by PAPP-A occurs in the conditioned medium of cardiomyocytes, 2) PAPP-A-specific IGFBP-4 proteolysis is increased when cardiomyocytes are transformed to a hypertrophic state. Thus, it can be assumed that the enhancement of IGFBP-4 cleavage by PAPP-A and hypertrophic changes in cardiomyocytes accompanying CVD are interrelated, and PAPP-A appears to be one of the activators of the IGF-dependent processes in normal and hypertrophic-state cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria V Serebryanaya
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia.
| | - Daria A Adasheva
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | | | - Marina M Artemieva
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Ivan A Katrukha
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
- HyTest Ltd., Turku, 20520, Finland
| | - Alexander B Postnikov
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
- HyTest Ltd., Turku, 20520, Finland
| | - Natalia A Medvedeva
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Alexey G Katrukha
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
- HyTest Ltd., Turku, 20520, Finland
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11
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Lino CA, de Bortoli Teixeira L, Capelupe Simões S, de Oliveira Silva T, Diniz GP, da Costa-Neto CM, Barreto-Chaves MLM. Beta-arrestin 2 mediates cardiac hypertrophy induced by thyroid hormones via AT1R. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:4640-4654. [PMID: 33345322 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported that angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1R) contributes to the hypertrophic effects of thyroid hormones (TH) in cardiac cells. Even though evidence indicates crosstalks between TH and AT1R, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Beta-arrestin (ARRB) signaling has been described as noncanonical signal transduction pathway that exerts important effects in the cardiovascular system through G-protein-coupled receptors, as AT1R. Herein, we investigated the contribution of ARRB signaling in TH-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Primary cardiomyocyte cultures were treated with Triiodothyronine (T3) to induce cell hypertrophy. T3 rapidly activates extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling, which was partially inhibited by AT1R blockade. Also, ERK1/2 inhibition attenuated the hypertrophic effects of T3. ARRB2 was upregulated by T3, and small interfering RNA assays revealed the role of ARRB2-but not ARRB1-on ERK1/2 activation and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Corroborating these findings, the ARRB2-overexpressed cells showed increased expression of hypertrophic markers, which were attenuated by ERK1/2 inhibition. Immunocytochemistry and immunoprecipitation assays revealed the increased expression of nuclear AT1R after T3 stimulation and the increased interaction of AT1R/ARRB2. The inhibition of endocytosis also attenuated the T3 effects on cardiac cells. Our results evidence the contribution of ARRB2 on ERK1/2 activation and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by T3 via AT1R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Antunes Lino
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Larissa de Bortoli Teixeira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sarah Capelupe Simões
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriela Placoná Diniz
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudio Miguel da Costa-Neto
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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12
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Luo Y, Jiang N, May HI, Luo X, Ferdous A, Schiattarella GG, Chen G, Li Q, Li C, Rothermel BA, Jiang D, Lavandero S, Gillette TG, Hill JA. Cooperative Binding of ETS2 and NFAT Links Erk1/2 and Calcineurin Signaling in the Pathogenesis of Cardiac Hypertrophy. Circulation 2021; 144:34-51. [PMID: 33821668 PMCID: PMC8247545 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.120.052384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Cardiac hypertrophy is an independent risk factor for heart failure, a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. The calcineurin/NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T cells) pathway and the MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase)/Erk (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) pathway contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy as an interdependent network of signaling cascades. How these pathways interact remains unclear and few direct targets responsible for the prohypertrophic role of NFAT have been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Luo
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Division (Y.L., N.J., H.I.M., X.L., A.F., G.G.S., G.C., Q.L., C.L., B.A.R., S.L., T.G.G., J.A.H.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Nan Jiang
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Division (Y.L., N.J., H.I.M., X.L., A.F., G.G.S., G.C., Q.L., C.L., B.A.R., S.L., T.G.G., J.A.H.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Herman I May
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Division (Y.L., N.J., H.I.M., X.L., A.F., G.G.S., G.C., Q.L., C.L., B.A.R., S.L., T.G.G., J.A.H.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | | | - Anwarul Ferdous
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Division (Y.L., N.J., H.I.M., X.L., A.F., G.G.S., G.C., Q.L., C.L., B.A.R., S.L., T.G.G., J.A.H.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Gabriele G Schiattarella
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Division (Y.L., N.J., H.I.M., X.L., A.F., G.G.S., G.C., Q.L., C.L., B.A.R., S.L., T.G.G., J.A.H.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Guihao Chen
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Division (Y.L., N.J., H.I.M., X.L., A.F., G.G.S., G.C., Q.L., C.L., B.A.R., S.L., T.G.G., J.A.H.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Qinfeng Li
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Division (Y.L., N.J., H.I.M., X.L., A.F., G.G.S., G.C., Q.L., C.L., B.A.R., S.L., T.G.G., J.A.H.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Chao Li
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Division (Y.L., N.J., H.I.M., X.L., A.F., G.G.S., G.C., Q.L., C.L., B.A.R., S.L., T.G.G., J.A.H.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Beverly A Rothermel
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Division (Y.L., N.J., H.I.M., X.L., A.F., G.G.S., G.C., Q.L., C.L., B.A.R., S.L., T.G.G., J.A.H.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Dingsheng Jiang
- Division of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China (D.J.)
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Division (Y.L., N.J., H.I.M., X.L., A.F., G.G.S., G.C., Q.L., C.L., B.A.R., S.L., T.G.G., J.A.H.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Faculty of Chemical & Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile (S.L.).,Corporacion Centro de Estudios Científicos de las Enfermedades Cronicas (CECEC), Santiago, Chile (S.L.)
| | - Thomas G Gillette
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Division (Y.L., N.J., H.I.M., X.L., A.F., G.G.S., G.C., Q.L., C.L., B.A.R., S.L., T.G.G., J.A.H.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Joseph A Hill
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Division (Y.L., N.J., H.I.M., X.L., A.F., G.G.S., G.C., Q.L., C.L., B.A.R., S.L., T.G.G., J.A.H.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas.,Molecular Biology (J.A.H.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
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13
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Yan ZP, Li JT, Zeng N, Ni GX. Role of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 signaling underlying cardiac hypertrophy. Cardiol J 2021; 28:473-482. [PMID: 32329039 PMCID: PMC8169190 DOI: 10.5603/cj.a2020.0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is the result of increased myocardial cell size responding to an increased workload and developmental signals. These extrinsic and intrinsic stimuli as key drivers of cardiac hypertrophy have spurred efforts to target their associated signaling pathways. The extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2), as an essential member of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), has been widely recognized for promoting cardiac growth. Several modified transgenic mouse models have been generated through either affecting the upstream kinase to change ERK1/2 activity, manipulating the direct role of ERK1/2 in the heart, or targeting phosphatases or MAPK scaffold proteins to alter total ERK1/2 activity in response to an increased workload. Using these models, both regulation of the upstream events and modulation of each isoform and indirect effector could provide important insights into how ERK1/2 modulates cardiomyocyte biology. Furthermore, a plethora of compounds, inhibitors, and regulators have emerged in consideration of ERK, or its MAPK kinases, are possible therapeutic targets against cardiac hypertrophic diseases. Herein, is a review of the available evidence regarding the exact role of ERK1/2 in regulating cardiac hypertrophy and a discussion of pharmacological strategy for treatment of cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Peng Yan
- Beijing Sport University, #48 Information Road, Beijing, 100084 Beijing, China
- First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, #20 Chazhong Rd., 350005 fuzhou, China
| | - Jie-Ting Li
- First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, #20 Chazhong Rd., 350005 fuzhou, China
| | - Ni Zeng
- First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, #20 Chazhong Rd., 350005 fuzhou, China
| | - Guo-Xin Ni
- Beijing Sport University, #48 Information Road, Beijing, 100084 Beijing, China.
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14
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Lee CY, Lee J, Seo HH, Shin S, Kim SW, Lee S, Lim S, Hwang KC. TAK733 attenuates adrenergic receptor-mediated cardiomyocyte hypertrophy via inhibiting ErkThr188 phosphorylation. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2019; 72:179-187. [PMID: 30714951 DOI: 10.3233/ch-180476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac hypertrophy is an important risk factor for heart failure. The MEK-ERK axis has been reported as a major regulator in controlling cardiac hypertrophy. TAK733 is a potent and selective MEK inhibitor that suppresses cell growth in a broad range of cell lines. OBJECTIVE Therefore, we aimed to investigate the anti-hypertrophic effect of TAK733 in cardiomyocytes. METHODS Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy was induced with norepinephrine (NE) or phenylepinephrine (PE) using H9c2 cells. To confirm the cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, cell size and protein synthesis were measured and hypertrophy-related gene expression was estimated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. To identify the signaling pathway involved, immunoblot analysis were performed. RESULTS We observed that NE activated MEK-ERK signaling and increased ANP and BNP expression, resulting in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. TAK733 significantly reduced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy by regulating NE-induced ERK1/2 and ERKThr188 activation, hypertrophy marker expression, and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy through depression of MEK activity. In addition, we examined that PE-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy was also attenuated by TAK733. CONCLUSIONS Here, we report that TAK733 suppressed NE- or PE-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy by repressing a crucial component of cardiac hypertrophy-related pathways. These results suggest that TAK733 may be a useful therapeutics for cardiac hypertrophy and warrants further in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Youn Lee
- Department of Integrated Omics for Biomedical Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyun Lee
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyang-Hee Seo
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunhye Shin
- Department of Integrated Omics for Biomedical Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Woo Kim
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seahyoung Lee
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyeon Lim
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Chul Hwang
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
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15
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Polidovitch N, Yang S, Sun H, Lakin R, Ahmad F, Gao X, Turnbull PC, Chiarello C, Perry CG, Manganiello V, Yang P, Backx PH. Phosphodiesterase type 3A (PDE3A), but not type 3B (PDE3B), contributes to the adverse cardiac remodeling induced by pressure overload. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2019; 132:60-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2019.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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16
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Yin D, Wan Q, Ye Q, Deng Y, Lin B, Wu L. Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy induced by Visfatin in H9c2 Embryonic Rat Cardiac Cells via ERK1/2 Signaling Pathway. INT J PHARMACOL 2019. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2019.503.508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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17
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Zeng SY, Yang L, Lu HQ, Yan QJ, Gao L, Qin XP. Rutaecarpine prevents hypertensive cardiac hypertrophy involving the inhibition of Nox4-ROS-ADAM17 pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 23:4196-4207. [PMID: 30953402 PMCID: PMC6533562 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Rutaecarpine attenuates hypertensive cardiac hypertrophy in the rats with abdominal artery constriction (AAC); however, its mechanism of action remains largely unknown. Our previous study indicated that NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) promotes angiotensin II (Ang II)‐induced cardiac hypertrophy through the pathway between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase‐17 (ADAM17) in primary cardiomyocytes. This research aimed to determine whether the Nox4‐ROS‐ADAM17 pathway is involved in the protective action of rutaecarpine against hypertensive cardiac hypertrophy. AAC‐induced hypertensive rats were adopted to evaluate the role of rutaecarpine in hypertensive cardiac hypertrophy. Western blotting and real‐time PCR were used to detect gene expression. Rutaecarpine inhibited hypertensive cardiac hypertrophy in AAC‐induced hypertensive rats. These findings were confirmed by the results of in vitro experiments that rutaecarpine significantly inhibited Ang II‐induced cardiac hypertrophy in primary cardiomyocytes. Likewise, rutaecarpine significantly suppressed the Nox4‐ROS‐ADAM17 pathway and over‐activation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 pathway in the left ventricle of AAC‐induced hypertensive rats and primary cardiomyocytes stimulated with Ang II. The inhibition of Nox4‐ROS‐ADAM17 pathway and over‐activation of ERK1/2 might be associated with the beneficial role of rutaecarpine in hypertensive cardiac hypertrophy, thus providing additional evidence for preventing hypertensive cardiac hypertrophy with rutaecarpine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Yu Zeng
- Department of Drug Clinical Trial, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Yang
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Hui-Qin Lu
- Department of Drug Clinical Trial, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiu-Jiang Yan
- Department of Cardiac & Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu-Ping Qin
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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18
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Maslinic acid protects against pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy in mice. J Pharmacol Sci 2018; 138:116-122. [PMID: 30389277 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is characterized by myocyte hypertrophy, accumulation of cardiac collagen, and reactivation of fetal genes. Maslinic acid (MA) is a pentacyclic triterpene with abundance in olive fruit skin and possesses a number of pharmacological actions. However, its effect on pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy remains unknown. Here, we were to investigate the protective effect of MA on cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. C57 mice were subjected to aortic banding (AB) or sham surgery. One day after surgery, all the mice were orally given MA (20 mg/kg) or vehicle for the following four weeks. MA could protect against pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy and cardiac fibrosis, as indicated by decreased heart weight/tibia length, and cardiomyocytes cell area and hypertrophic and fibrotic markers. MA treatment also improved cardiac function in mice with AB surgery, as assessed by echocardiographic and hemodynamic analysis. MA reduced phosphorylation of protein kinase B and extracellular regulated protein kinases in the hypertrophic hearts. MA could decrease cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and inhibit the activation of AKT and ERK signaling pathway in vitro. In conclusion, we found that MA protected against cardiac hypertrophy. MA has the potential to become a therapeutic drug for cardiac hypertrophy.
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19
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Imam F, Al-Harbi NO, Al-Harbi MM, Ansari MA, Al-Asmari AF, Ansari MN, Al-Anazi WA, Bahashwan S, Almutairi MM, Alshammari M, Khan MR, Alsaad AM, Alotaibi MR. Apremilast prevent doxorubicin-induced apoptosis and inflammation in heart through inhibition of oxidative stress mediated activation of NF-κB signaling pathways. Pharmacol Rep 2018; 70:993-1000. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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20
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Sun S, Kee HJ, Jin L, Ryu Y, Choi SY, Kim GR, Jeong MH. Gentisic acid attenuates pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in mice through inhibition of the ERK1/2 pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:5964-5977. [PMID: 30256522 PMCID: PMC6237595 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that gentisic acid (2,5‐dihydroxybenzoic acid) is the third most abundant phenolic component of Dendropanax morbifera branch extracts. Here, we investigated its effects on cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in a mouse model of pressure overload and compared them to those of the beta blocker bisoprolol and calcium channel blocker diltiazem. Cardiac hypertrophy was induced in mice by transverse aortic constriction (TAC). Beginning 2 weeks after this procedure, the mice were given daily intraperitoneal injections of gentisic acid (100 mg/kg/d), bisoprolol (5 mg/kg/d) or diltiazem (10 mg/kg/d) for 3 weeks. Cardiac hypertrophy was evaluated by the heart weight‐to‐body weight ratio, the cardiomyocyte cross‐sectional area after haematoxylin and eosin staining, and echocardiography. Markers of cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis were tested by reverse transcription‐quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction, western blotting and Masson's trichrome staining. The suppressive effects of gentisic acid treatment on TAC‐induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis were comparable to those of bisoprolol administration. Cardiac hypertrophy was reversed and left ventricular septum and posterior wall thickness were restored by gentisic acid, bisoprolol and diltiazem treatment. Cardiac hypertrophic marker gene expression and atrial and brain natriuretic peptide levels were decreased by gentisic acid and bisoprolol, as were cardiac (interstitial and perivascular) fibrosis and fibrosis‐related gene expression. Cardiac hypertrophy‐associated upregulation of the transcription factors GATA4 and Sp1 and activation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 were also negated by these drugs. These results suggest that gentisic acid could serve as a therapeutic agent for cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simei Sun
- Heart Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea.,Hypertension Heart Failure Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea.,Molecular Medicine, Brain Korea 21 PLUS, Chonnam National University Graduate School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hae Jin Kee
- Heart Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea.,Hypertension Heart Failure Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Li Jin
- The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuhee Ryu
- Heart Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea.,Hypertension Heart Failure Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Sin Young Choi
- Heart Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea.,Hypertension Heart Failure Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Gwi Ran Kim
- Heart Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea.,Hypertension Heart Failure Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Myung Ho Jeong
- Heart Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea.,Hypertension Heart Failure Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
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21
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Zhou G, Li C, Feng J, Zhang J, Fang Y. lncRNA UCA1 Is a Novel Regulator in Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy through Targeting the miR-184/HOXA9 Axis. Cardiorenal Med 2018; 8:130-139. [PMID: 29616999 DOI: 10.1159/000487204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is closely associated with a series of cardiovascular diseases, including heart failure and sudden death in particular. An in-depth comprehension of the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy will improve the diagnosis and therapy of cardiac hypertrophy. It has been acknowledged that long noncoding RNAs/microRNAs (lncRNAs/miRNAs) are crucial regulators in diverse biological processes, including various cardiovascular diseases, in multiple manners. Nevertheless, the biological roles of lncRNA UCA1 and miR-184 in cardiac hypertrophy are scarcely reported. In this paper, qRT-PCR analysis exhibited that lncRNA UCA1 was highly expressed in mice heart treated with transverse aortic constriction (TAC) and the cardiomyocytes treated with phenylephrine (PE). On the contrary, miR-184 was downregulated under the same conditions. In addition, it was deduced that lncRNA UCA1 was reversely related with miR-184 in PE-triggered hypertrophic cardiomyocytes, confirmed by the Spearman correlation analysis. The knockdown of UCA1 or the overexpression of miR-184 lessened the enlarged surface area of cardiomyocytes and the elevated expressions of fetal genes (ANP and BNP) induced by PE. Later, it was determined that miR-184 was a direct target of UCA1, whereas the mRNA HOXA9 was a target of miR-184. Rescue assays indicated that UCA1 promoted the progression of cardiac hypertrophy through competitively binding with miR-184 to enhance the expression of HOXA9.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blotting, Western
- Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/genetics
- Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/metabolism
- Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/pathology
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Homeodomain Proteins/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- RNA, Long Noncoding/biosynthesis
- RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
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22
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Gélinas R, Mailleux F, Dontaine J, Bultot L, Demeulder B, Ginion A, Daskalopoulos EP, Esfahani H, Dubois-Deruy E, Lauzier B, Gauthier C, Olson AK, Bouchard B, Des Rosiers C, Viollet B, Sakamoto K, Balligand JL, Vanoverschelde JL, Beauloye C, Horman S, Bertrand L. AMPK activation counteracts cardiac hypertrophy by reducing O-GlcNAcylation. Nat Commun 2018; 9:374. [PMID: 29371602 PMCID: PMC5785516 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02795-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has been shown to inhibit cardiac hypertrophy. Here, we show that submaximal AMPK activation blocks cardiomyocyte hypertrophy without affecting downstream targets previously suggested to be involved, such as p70 ribosomal S6 protein kinase, calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) and extracellular signal-regulated kinases. Instead, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy is accompanied by increased protein O-GlcNAcylation, which is reversed by AMPK activation. Decreasing O-GlcNAcylation by inhibitors of the glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate aminotransferase (GFAT), blocks cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, mimicking AMPK activation. Conversely, O-GlcNAcylation-inducing agents counteract the anti-hypertrophic effect of AMPK. In vivo, AMPK activation prevents myocardial hypertrophy and the concomitant rise of O-GlcNAcylation in wild-type but not in AMPKα2-deficient mice. Treatment of wild-type mice with O-GlcNAcylation-inducing agents reverses AMPK action. Finally, we demonstrate that AMPK inhibits O-GlcNAcylation by mainly controlling GFAT phosphorylation, thereby reducing O-GlcNAcylation of proteins such as troponin T. We conclude that AMPK activation prevents cardiac hypertrophy predominantly by inhibiting O-GlcNAcylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roselle Gélinas
- Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, 1200, Belgium
| | - Florence Mailleux
- Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, 1200, Belgium
| | - Justine Dontaine
- Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, 1200, Belgium
| | - Laurent Bultot
- Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, 1200, Belgium
| | - Bénédicte Demeulder
- Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, 1200, Belgium
| | - Audrey Ginion
- Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, 1200, Belgium
| | - Evangelos P Daskalopoulos
- Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, 1200, Belgium
| | - Hrag Esfahani
- Pole of Pharmacotherapy, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, 1200, Belgium
| | - Emilie Dubois-Deruy
- Pole of Pharmacotherapy, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, 1200, Belgium
| | - Benjamin Lauzier
- l'institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, Univ. Nantes, Nantes, 44007, France
| | - Chantal Gauthier
- l'institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, Univ. Nantes, Nantes, 44007, France
| | - Aaron K Olson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine and Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, 98105-0371, WA, USA.,Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, H1T 1C8, Canada
| | | | - Christine Des Rosiers
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, H1T 1C8, Canada.,Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, H3T 1A8, Canada
| | - Benoit Viollet
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, 75014, Paris, France.,CNRS UMR8104, 75014, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, 75014, France
| | - Kei Sakamoto
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences SA, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Luc Balligand
- Pole of Pharmacotherapy, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, 1200, Belgium
| | - Jean-Louis Vanoverschelde
- Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, 1200, Belgium.,Division of Cardiology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, 1200, Belgium
| | - Christophe Beauloye
- Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, 1200, Belgium.,Division of Cardiology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, 1200, Belgium
| | - Sandrine Horman
- Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, 1200, Belgium
| | - Luc Bertrand
- Pole of Cardiovascular Research, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, 1200, Belgium.
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23
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Goncalves GK, Scalzo S, Alves AP, Agero U, Guatimosim S, Reis AM. Neonatal cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by endothelin-1 is blocked by estradiol acting on GPER. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2017; 314:C310-C322. [PMID: 29167148 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00060.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Estradiol (E2) prevents cardiac hypertrophy, and these protective actions are mediated by estrogen receptor (ER)α and ERβ. The G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) mediates many estrogenic effects, and its activation in the heart has been observed in ischemia and reperfusion injury or hypertension models; however, the underlying mechanisms need to be fully elucidated. Herein, we investigated whether the protective effect of E2 against cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by endothelin-1 (ET-1) is mediated by GPER and the signaling pathways involved. Isolated neonatal female rat cardiomyocytes were treated with ET-1 (100 nmol/l) for 48 h in the presence or absence of E2 (10 nmol/l) or GPER agonist G-1 (10 nmol/l) and GPER antagonist G-15 (10 nmol/l). ET-1 increased the surface area of cardiomyocytes, and this was associated with increased expression of atrial and brain natriuretic peptides. Additionally, ET-1 increased the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-related protein kinases-1/2 (ERK1/2). Notably, E2 or G-1 abolished the hypertrophic actions of ET-1, and that was reversed by G-15. Likewise, E2 reversed the ET-1-mediated increase of ERK1/2 phosphorylation as well as the decrease of phosphorylated Akt and its upstream activator 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (PDK1). These effects were inhibited by G-15, indicating that they are GPER dependent. Confirming the participation of GPER, siRNA silencing of GPER inhibited the antihypertrophic effect of E2. In conclusion, E2 plays a key role in antagonizing ET-1-induced hypertrophy in cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes through GPER signaling by a mechanism involving activation of the PDK1 pathway, which would prevent the increase of ERK1/2 activity and consequently the development of hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gleisy Kelly Goncalves
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Sergio Scalzo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Alves
- Departament of Physics, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Ubirajara Agero
- Departament of Physics, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Silvia Guatimosim
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais , Brazil
| | - Adelina M Reis
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais , Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais , Brazil
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24
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Chuo CH, Devine SM, Scammells PJ, Krum H, Christopoulos A, May LT, White PJ, Wang BH. VCP746, a novel A1 adenosine receptor biased agonist, reduces hypertrophy in a rat neonatal cardiac myocyte model. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2017; 43:976-82. [PMID: 27377874 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
VCP746 is a novel A1 adenosine receptor (A1 AR) biased agonist previously shown to be cytoprotective with no effect on heart rate. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential anti-hypertrophic effect of VCP746 in neonatal rat cardiac myocytes (NCM). NCM hypertrophy was stimulated with interleukin (IL)-1β (10 ng/mL), tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α (10 ng/mL) or Ang II (100 nmol/L) and was assessed by (3) H-leucine incorporation assay. VCP746 significantly inhibited IL-1β-, TNF-α- and Ang II-stimulated NCM hypertrophy as determined by (3) H-leucine incorporation. The anti-hypertrophic effect of VCP746 was also more potent than that of the prototypical A1 AR agonist, N(6) -cyclopentyladenosine (CPA). Further investigation with the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) cell viability assay showed that neither CPA nor VCP746 had any effect on cell viability, confirming that the reduction in (3) H-leucine incorporation mediated by CPA and VCP746 was not due to a reduction in cell viability. IL-1β, TNF-α and Ang II were also shown to increase the mRNA expression of hypertrophy biomarkers, ANP, β-MHC and α-SKA in NCM. Treatment with VCP746 at concentrations as low as 1 nmol/L suppressed mRNA expression of ANP, β-MHC and α-SKA stimulated by IL-1β, TNF-α or Ang II, demonstrating the broad mechanistic basis of the potent anti-hypertrophic effect of VCP746. This study has shown that the novel A1 AR agonist, VCP746, is able to attenuate cardiac myocyte hypertrophy. As such, VCP746 is potentially useful as a pharmacological agent in attenuating cardiac remodelling, especially in the post-myocardial infarction setting, given its previously established cytoprotective properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung H Chuo
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash University, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Shane M Devine
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Peter J Scammells
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Henry Krum
- Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | | | - Lauren T May
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash University, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Paul J White
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash University, Parkville, Vic., Australia
| | - Bing H Wang
- Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
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25
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Dong B, Xue R, Sun Y, Dong Y, Liu C. Sestrin 2 attenuates neonatal rat cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by phenylephrine via inhibiting ERK1/2. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 433:113-123. [PMID: 28497371 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3020-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is an adaptive response triggered by many physiological and pathological conditions and will lead to heart failure eventually. Sestrin 2, which is a stress-responsive protein, was reported to protect heart from ischemia reperfusion injury. However, the role of Sestrin 2 in cardiac hypertrophy remains unknown. In our present study, we aimed to explore the effects of Sestrin 2 on cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. We found that knockdown of Sestrin 2 protein aggravated cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by phenylephrine (PE), featured by increased hypertrophic marker ANP and cell surface area. During this process, ERK1/2 cascade was further activated, while p38, JNK1/2, and mTOR signaling pathways were not affected by downregulation of Sestrin 2. Moreover, overexpression of Sestrin 2 protein protected cardiomyocytes from PE-induced hypertrophy and ERK1/2 cascade was suppressed correspondingly. Importantly, pharmacological inhibition of ERK1/2 eliminated the exacerbated hypertrophic phenotype due to Sestrin 2 protein knockdown. In conclusion, we discovered that Sestrin 2 protected against cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by PE via inhibiting ERK1/2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ruicong Xue
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, China
- Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yugang Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
- Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road 2, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
- Key Laboratory on Assisted Circulation, Ministry of Health, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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26
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Archer CR, Robinson EL, Drawnel FM, Roderick HL. Endothelin-1 promotes hypertrophic remodelling of cardiac myocytes by activating sustained signalling and transcription downstream of endothelin type A receptors. Cell Signal 2017; 36:240-254. [PMID: 28412414 PMCID: PMC5486433 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) mediated activation of the MAPK signalling cascade is a key pathway in the induction of hypertrophic remodelling of the heart – a response to pathological cues including hypertension and myocardial infarction. While levels of pro-hypertrophic hormone agonists of GPCRs increase during periods of greater workload to enhance cardiac output, hypertrophy does not necessarily result. Here we investigated the relationship between the duration of exposure to the pro-hypertrophic GPCR agonist endothelin-1 (ET-1) and the induction of hypertrophic remodelling in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVM) and in the adult rat heart in vivo. Notably, a 15 min pulse of ET-1 was sufficient to induce markers of hypertrophy that were present when measured at 24 h in vivo and 48 h in vitro. The persistence of ET-1 action was insensitive to ET type A receptor (ETA receptor) antagonism with BQ123. The extended effects of ET-1 were dependent upon sustained MAPK signalling and involved persistent transcription. Inhibitors of endocytosis however conferred sensitivity upon the hypertrophic response to BQ123, suggesting that endocytosis of ETA receptors following ligand binding preserves their active state by protection against antagonist. Contrastingly, α1 adrenergic-induced hypertrophic responses required the continued presence of agonist and were sensitive to antagonist. These studies shed new light on strategies to pharmacologically intervene in the action of different pro-hypertrophic mediators. Acute ET-1 exposure elicits a long-lasting cardiac myocyte hypertrophic response. ET-1 effects depend on persistent MAPK signalling and active transcription. ET-1 elicited hypertrophy is insensitive to subsequent ETA receptor antagonism. Endocytosis inhibition potentiates ET-1-induction of hypertrophy markers. Endocytosis inhibition sensitises effects of ET-1 to ETA receptor antagonist.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emma L Robinson
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Dept. of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Faye M Drawnel
- The Babraham Institute, Babraham, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - H Llewelyn Roderick
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, Dept. of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, B-3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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27
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Melleby AO, Strand ME, Romaine A, Herum KM, Skrbic B, Dahl CP, Sjaastad I, Fiane AE, Filmus J, Christensen G, Lunde IG. The Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycan Glypican-6 Is Upregulated in the Failing Heart, and Regulates Cardiomyocyte Growth through ERK1/2 Signaling. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165079. [PMID: 27768722 PMCID: PMC5074531 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pressure overload is a frequent cause of heart failure. Heart failure affects millions of patients worldwide and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Cell surface proteoglycans are emerging as molecular players in cardiac remodeling, and increased knowledge about their regulation and function is needed for improved understanding of cardiac pathogenesis. Here we investigated glypicans (GPC1-6), a family of evolutionary conserved heparan sulfate proteoglycans anchored to the extracellular leaflet of the cell membrane, in experimental and clinical heart failure, and explored the function of glypican-6 in cardiac cells in vitro. In mice subjected to pressure overload by aortic banding (AB), we observed elevated glypican-6 levels during hypertrophic remodeling and dilated, end-stage heart failure. Consistently, glypican-6 mRNA was elevated in left ventricular myocardium from explanted hearts of patients with end-stage, dilated heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Glypican-6 levels correlated negatively with left ventricular ejection fraction in patients, and positively with lung weight after AB in mice. Glypican-6 mRNA was expressed in both cardiac fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes, and the corresponding protein displayed different sizes in the two cell types due to tissue-specific glycanation. Importantly, adenoviral overexpression of glypican-6 in cultured cardiomyocytes increased protein synthesis and induced mRNA levels of the pro-hypertrophic signature gene ACTA1 and the hypertrophy and heart failure signature genes encoding natriuretic peptides, NPPA and NPPB. Overexpression of GPC6 induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation, and co-treatment with the ERK inhibitor U0126 attenuated the GPC6-induced increase in NPPA, NPPB and protein synthesis. In conclusion, our data suggests that glypican-6 plays a role in clinical and experimental heart failure progression by regulating cardiomyocyte growth through ERK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne O. Melleby
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Mari E. Strand
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andreas Romaine
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kate M. Herum
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Biljana Skrbic
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christen P. Dahl
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ivar Sjaastad
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Sunnybrook Research Institute and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Arnt E. Fiane
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jorge Filmus
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Sunnybrook Research Institute and Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Geir Christensen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ida G. Lunde
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Heart Failure Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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28
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Yi QY, Li HB, Qi J, Yu XJ, Huo CJ, Li X, Bai J, Gao HL, Kou B, Liu KL, Zhang DD, Chen WS, Cui W, Zhu GQ, Shi XL, Kang YM. Chronic infusion of epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate into the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus attenuates hypertension and sympathoexcitation by restoring neurotransmitters and cytokines. Toxicol Lett 2016; 262:105-113. [PMID: 27659729 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the brain are involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG), one of the active compounds in green tea, has anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and vascular protective properties. This study was designed to determine whether chronic infusion of EGCG into the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) attenuates ROS and sympathetic activity and delays the progression of hypertension by up-regulating anti-inflammatory cytokines, reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines (PICs) and decreasing nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activity, as well as restoring the neurotransmitters balance in the PVN of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Adult normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats and SHR received bilateral PVN infusion of EGCG (20μg/h) or vehicle via osmotic minipumps for 4 weeks. SHR showed higher mean arterial pressure, plasma proinflammatory cytokines and circulating norepinephrine (NE) levels compared with WKY rats. SHR also had higher PVN levels of the subunit of NAD(P)H oxidase (gp91phox), ROS, tyrosine hydroxylase, and PICs; increased NF-κB activity; and lower PVN levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and 67kDa isoform of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD67) than WKY rats. PVN infusion of EGCG attenuated all these changes in SHR. These findings suggest that SHR have an imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters, as well as an imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the PVN. Chronic inhibition of ROS in the PVN restores the balance of neurotransmitters and cytokines in the PVN, thereby attenuating hypertensive response and sympathetic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Yue Yi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an 710061, China; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Hong-Bao Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jie Qi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Yu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Chan-Juan Huo
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Juan Bai
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Hong-Li Gao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Bo Kou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Kai-Li Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Dong-Dong Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Wen-Sheng Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Wei Cui
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Guo-Qing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease and Molecular Intervention, Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xiao-Lian Shi
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yu-Ming Kang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University Cardiovascular Research Center, Xi'an 710061, China.
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29
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Zhu LA, Fang NY, Gao PJ, Jin X, Wang HY, Liu Z. Differential ERK1/2 Signaling and Hypertrophic Response to Endothelin-1 in Cardiomyocytes from SHR and Wistar-Kyoto Rats: A Potential Target for Combination Therapy of Hypertension. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2016; 13:467-74. [PMID: 25360842 PMCID: PMC4997939 DOI: 10.2174/1570161112666141014150007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular signal regulated kinase½ (ERK1/2) signaling is critical to endothelin-1 (ET-1)-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. This study was to investigate ERK1/2 signaling and hypertrophic response to ET-1 stimulation in cardiomyocytes (CMs) from spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY). Primary neonatal SHR and WKY CMs were exposed to ET-1 for up to 24 hrs. Minimal basal ERK1/2 phosphorylation was present in WKY CMs, while a significant baseline ERK1/2 phosphorylation was observed in SHR CMs. ET-1 induced a time- and dose-dependent increase in ERK1/2 phosphorylation in both SHR and WKY CMs. However, ET-1-induced ERK1/2 activation occurred much earlier with significantly higher peak phosphorylation level, and stayed elevated for longer duration in SHR CMs than that in WKY CMs. ET-1-induced hypertrophic response was more prominent in SHR CMs than that in WKY CMs as reflected by increased cell surface area, intracellular actin density, and protein synthesis. Pre-treatment with ERK1/2 phosphorylation inhibitor PD98059 completely prevented ET-1-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation and increases in cell surface area and protein synthesis in SHR and WKY CMs. The specific PI3 kinase inhibitor LY294002 blocked ET-1-induced Akt and ERK1/2 phosphorylation, and protein synthesis in CMs. These data indicated that ERK1/2 signaling was differentially enhanced in CMs, and was associated with increased cardiac hypertrophic response to ET-1 in SHR. ET-1-induced ERK1/2 activation and cardiac hypertrophy appeared to be mediated via PI3 kinase/Akt signaling in SHR and WKY. The differential ERK1/2 activation in SHR CMs by ET-1 might represent a potential target for combination therapy of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ning-Yuan Fang
- Department of Geriatrics, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 145 Shan-Dong Middle Road, Shanghai 200001, China.
| | | | | | | | - Zhenguo Liu
- Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, the Ohio State University Medical Center, DHLRI Suite 200; 473 West 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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30
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Jiang F, Zhou X, Huang J. Long Non-Coding RNA-ROR Mediates the Reprogramming in Cardiac Hypertrophy. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152767. [PMID: 27082978 PMCID: PMC4833345 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac hypertrophy associated with various cardiovascular diseases results in heart failure and sudden death. A clear understanding of the mechanisms of hypertrophy will benefit the development of novel therapies. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to play essential roles in many biological process, however, whether lncRNA-ROR plays functional roles in the reprogramming of cardiomyocyte remains unclear. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Here we show that lncRNA-ROR plays important roles in the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy. In hypertrophic heart and cardiomyocytes, the expression of lncRNA-ROR is dramatically increased, downregulation of which attenuates the hypertrophic responses. Furthermore, the expression of lncRNA-ROR negatively correlates with miR-133, whose expression is increased when lncRNA-ROR is knocked down. In line with this, overexpression of miR-133 prevents the elevation of lncRNA-ROR and re-expression of ANP and BNP in cardiomyocytes subject to phenylephrine treatment. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Taken together, our study demonstrates that lncRNA-ROR promotes cardiac hypertrophy via interacting with miR-133, indicating that lncRNA-ROR could be targeted for developing novel antihypertrophic therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhou
- Department of Vascular and Thyroid Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail:
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González-Terán B, López JA, Rodríguez E, Leiva L, Martínez-Martínez S, Bernal JA, Jiménez-Borreguero LJ, Redondo JM, Vazquez J, Sabio G. p38γ and δ promote heart hypertrophy by targeting the mTOR-inhibitory protein DEPTOR for degradation. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10477. [PMID: 26795633 PMCID: PMC5476828 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Disrupted organ growth leads to disease development. Hypertrophy underlies postnatal heart growth and is triggered after stress, but the molecular mechanisms involved in these processes are largely unknown. Here we show that cardiac activation of p38γ and p38δ increases during postnatal development and by hypertrophy-inducing stimuli. p38γ/δ promote cardiac hypertrophy by phosphorylating the mTORC1 and mTORC2 inhibitor DEPTOR, which leads to its degradation and mTOR activation. Hearts from mice lacking one or both kinases are below normal size, have high levels of DEPTOR, low activity of the mTOR pathway and reduced protein synthesis. The phenotype of p38γ/δ−/− mice is reverted by overactivation of mTOR with amino acids, shRNA-mediated knockdown of Deptor, or cardiomyocyte overexpression of active p38γ and p38δ. Moreover, in WT mice, heart weight is reduced by cardiac overexpression of DEPTOR. Our results demonstrate that p38γ/δ control heart growth by modulating mTOR pathway through DEPTOR phosphorylation and subsequent degradation. mTOR signalling pathway is a critical regulator of cardiac hypertrophy. Here the authors show that two kinases, p38γ and p38δ, control heart growth by promoting mTOR activity via phosphorylation and consequent proteasome degradation of mTOR inhibitor DEPTOR, extending our knowledge of cardiac hypertrophy regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara González-Terán
- Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, CNIC, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio López
- Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, CNIC, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Rodríguez
- Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, CNIC, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Leiva
- Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, CNIC, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Martínez-Martínez
- Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, CNIC, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Bernal
- Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, CNIC, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Jesús Jiménez-Borreguero
- Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, CNIC, 28029 Madrid, Spain.,Hospital de La Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Miguel Redondo
- Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, CNIC, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Vazquez
- Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, CNIC, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Guadalupe Sabio
- Fundación Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, CNIC, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Mutlak M, Kehat I. Extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 as regulators of cardiac hypertrophy. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:149. [PMID: 26257652 PMCID: PMC4513555 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy results from increased mechanical load on the heart and through the actions of local and systemic neuro-humoral factors, cytokines and growth factors. These mechanical and neuroendocrine effectors act through stretch, G protein–coupled receptors and tyrosine kinases to induce the activation of a myriad of intracellular signaling pathways including the extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2). Since most stimuli that provoke myocardial hypertrophy also elicit an acute phosphorylation of the threonine-glutamate-tyrosine (TEY) motif within the activation loops of ERK1 and ERK2 kinases, resulting in their activation, ERKs have long been considered promotors of cardiac hypertrophy. Several mouse models were generated in order to directly understand the causal role of ERK1/2 activation in the heart. These models include direct manipulation of ERK1/2 such as overexpression, mutagenesis or knockout models, manipulations of upstream kinases such as MEK1 and manipulations of the phosphatases that dephosphorylate ERK1/2 such as DUSP6. The emerging understanding from these studies, as will be discussed here, is more complex than originally considered. While there is little doubt that ERK1/2 activation or the lack of it modulates the hypertrophic process or the type of hypertrophy that develops, it appears that not all ERK1/2 activation events are the same. While much has been learned, some questions remain regarding the exact role of ERK1/2 in the heart, the upstream events that result in ERK1/2 activation and the downstream effector in hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Mutlak
- The Rappaport Institute and the Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa, Israel
| | - Izhak Kehat
- The Rappaport Institute and the Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa, Israel ; Department of Cardiology and the Clinical Research Institute at Rambam, Rambam Medical Center , Haifa, Israel
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Liou SF, Hsu JH, Chen YT, Chen IJ, Yeh JL. KMUP-1 Attenuates Endothelin-1-Induced Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy through Activation of Heme Oxygenase-1 and Suppression of the Akt/GSK-3β, Calcineurin/NFATc4 and RhoA/ROCK Pathways. Molecules 2015; 20:10435-49. [PMID: 26056815 PMCID: PMC6272697 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200610435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The signaling cascades of the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) family, calcineurin/NFATc4, and PI3K/Akt/GSK3, are believed to participate in endothelin-1 (ET-1)-induced cardiac hypertrophy. The aim of this study was to investigate whether KMUP-1, a synthetic xanthine-based derivative, prevents cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by ET-1 and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. We found that in H9c2 cardiomyocytes, stimulation with ET-1 (100 nM) for 4 days induced cell hypertrophy and enhanced expressions of hypertrophic markers, including atrial natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide, which were all inhibited by KMUP-1 in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, KMUP-1 prevented ET-1-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species generation determined by the DCFH-DA assay in cardiomyocytes. KMUP-1 also attenuated phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and Akt/GSK-3β, and activation of calcineurin/NFATc4 and RhoA/ROCK pathways induced by ET-1. Furthermore, we found that the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a stress-response enzyme implicated in cardio-protection, was up-regulated by KMUP-1. Finally, KMUP-1 attenuated ET-1-stimulated activator protein-1 DNA binding activity. In conclusion, KMUP-1 attenuates cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by ET-1 through inhibiting ERK1/2, calcineurin/NFATc4 and RhoA/ROCK pathways, with associated cardioprotective effects via HO-1 activation. Therefore, KMUP-1 may have a role in pharmacological therapy of cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Fen Liou
- Department of Pharmacy, Chia-Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 717, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Hau Hsu
- Department of Paediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - You-Ting Chen
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Ing-Jun Chen
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Jwu-Lai Yeh
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan.
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Matsuo K, Shibata R, Ohashi K, Kambara T, Uemura Y, Hiramatsu-Ito M, Enomoto T, Yuasa D, Joki Y, Ito M, Hayakawa S, Ogawa H, Kihara S, Murohara T, Ouchi N. Omentin functions to attenuate cardiac hypertrophic response. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 79:195-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Svensson Holm ACB, Lindgren I, Osterman H, Altimiras J. Thyroid hormone does not induce maturation of embryonic chicken cardiomyocytes in vitro. Physiol Rep 2014; 2:2/12/e12182. [PMID: 25501434 PMCID: PMC4332193 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal cardiac growth in mammalian models occurs primarily by cell proliferation (hyperplasia). However, most cardiomyocytes lose the ability to proliferate close to term and heart growth continues by increasing cell size (hypertrophy). In mammals, the thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3) is an important driver of this process. Chicken cardiomyocytes, however, keep their proliferating ability long after hatching but little information is available on the mechanisms controlling cell growth and myocyte maturation in the chicken heart. Our aim was to study the role of T3 on proliferation and differentiation of embryonic chicken cardiomyocytes (ECCM), enzymatically isolated from 19‐day‐old embryos and to compare the effects to those of insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) and phenylephrine (PE). Hyperplasia was measured using a proliferation assay (MTS) and hypertrophy/multinucleation was analyzed morphologically by phalloidin staining of F‐actin and nuclear staining with DAPI. We show that IGF‐1 induces a significant increase in ECCM proliferation (30%) which is absent with T3 and PE. PE induced both hypertrophy (61%) and multinucleation (41%) but IGF‐1 or T3 did not. In conclusion, we show that T3 does not induce maturation or proliferation of cardiomyocytes, while IGF‐1 induces cardiomyocyte proliferation and PE induces maturation of cardiomyocytes. Our main findings in the study show that T3 does not affect proliferation or maturation of embryonic chicken cardiomyocytes (ECCMs). Furthermore, phenylephrine induces maturation of ECCMs and IGF‐1 act as a pro‐proliferative mediator.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isa Lindgren
- IFM Biology, AVIAN Behaviour Genomics and Physiology Group, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Hanna Osterman
- IFM Biology, AVIAN Behaviour Genomics and Physiology Group, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jordi Altimiras
- IFM Biology, AVIAN Behaviour Genomics and Physiology Group, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Rayabarapu N, Patel BM. Beneficial role of tamoxifen in isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2014; 92:849-57. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2013-0348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
ER-α and ER-β agonist 17β-estradiol is reported to attenuate cardiac hypertrophy. Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen receptor modulator. Hence, the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of tamoxifen in myocardial infarction. For this, tamoxifen was administered to Sprague–Dawley rats for 1–14 days, and isoproterenol (ISO) (100 mg·(kg body mass)−1·day−1) was administered subcutaneously on the 13th and 14th days of the study in order to induce myocardial infarction, after which, various biochemical, cardiac, and morphometric parameters were evaluated. ISO produced significant dyslipidemia, hypertension, bradycardia, oxidative stress, and an increase in serum cardiac markers. Treatment with tamoxifen significantly controlled dyslipidemia, hypertension, bradycardia, oxidative stress, and reduced serum cardiac markers. The ISO control rats exhibited significant increases in the infarct size of the left ventricle (LV), LV cavity area, cardiac and LV hypertrophic indices, LV-wall thickness, cardiomyocyte diameter, and area. Treatment with tamoxifen significantly reduced infarction as well as hypertrophic and morphometric parameters. ISO also produced significant increases in the LV collagen level, decreases in Na+K+ATPase activity, and a reduction in the rate of pressure development and decay, which were prevented by tamoxifen treatment. The protective effect of tamoxifen on myocardial infarct was further confirmed by histopathological examination. Our data thus suggest that tamoxifen exerts beneficial effects in ISO-induced myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihar Rayabarapu
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Sarkhej-Gandhinagar Highway, Ahmedabad 382 481, Gujarat, India
| | - Bhoomika M. Patel
- Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Sarkhej-Gandhinagar Highway, Ahmedabad 382 481, Gujarat, India
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Sakai S, Shimojo N, Kimura T, Tajiri K, Maruyama H, Homma S, Kuga K, Mizutani T, Aonuma K, Miyauchi T. Involvement of peptidyl-prolyl isomerase Pin1 in the inhibitory effect of fluvastatin on endothelin-1-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Life Sci 2014; 102:98-104. [PMID: 24657892 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Cardiac hypertrophy is elicited by endothelin (ET)-1 as well as other neurohumoral factors, hemodynamic overload, and oxidative stress; HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) were shown to inhibit cardiac hypertrophy partly via the anti-oxidative stress. One of their common intracellular pathways is the phosphorylation cascade of MEK signaling. Pin1 specifically isomerizes the phosphorylated protein with Ser/Thr-Pro bonds and regulates their activity through conformational changes. There is no report whether the Pin1 activation contributes to ET-1-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and whether the Pin1 inactivation contributes to the inhibitory effect of statins. The aim of this study was to reveal these questions. MAIN METHODS We assessed neonatal rat cardiomyocyte hypertrophy using ET-1 and fluvastatin by the cell surface area, ANP mRNA expression, JNK and c-Jun phosphorylation, and [(3)H]-leucine incorporation. KEY FINDINGS Fluvastatin inhibited ET-1-induced increase in the cell surface area, ANP expression, and [(3)H]-leucine incorporation; and it suppressed the signaling cascade from JNK to c-Jun. The phosphorylated Pin1 level, an inactive form, was decreased by ET-1; however, it reached basal level by fluvastatin. Furthermore, Pin1 overexpression clearly elicited cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, which was inhibited by fluvastatin. SIGNIFICANCE This is the first report that ET-1-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy is mediated through the Pin1 activation and that the inhibitory effect of fluvastatin on cardiomyocyte hypertrophy would partly be attributed to the suppression of the Pin1 function. This study firstly suggests that Pin1 determines the size of hypertrophied cardiomyocyte by regulating the activity of phosphorylated molecules and that statins exert their pleiotropic effects partly via Pin1 inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Sakai
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Nobutake Shimojo
- Division of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Taizo Kimura
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Kazuko Tajiri
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Maruyama
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Satoshi Homma
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kuga
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Taro Mizutani
- Division of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Aonuma
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Takashi Miyauchi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan; Division of Life Science Center for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance (TARA), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
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Kramann N, Hasenfuß G, Seidler T. B-RAF and its novel negative regulator reticulocalbin 1 (RCN1) modulates cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Cardiovasc Res 2014; 102:88-96. [PMID: 24492844 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvu024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Activation of the kinase RAF and its downstream targets leads to cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. It has been hypothesized that B-RAF might be the main activator of MEK in various cell types. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of B-RAF and its modulating factors in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. METHODS AND RESULTS Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were pre-treated with and without the specific B-RAF inhibitor SB590885 and then stimulated with phenylephrine to induce hypertrophy. Inhibition of B-RAF completely impeded the hypertrophic response and led to a significant reduction of MEK1/2 phosphorylation. By applying a eukaryotic cDNA expression screen, based on a dual-luciferase reporter assay for B-RAF activity measurement, we identified RCN1 as a new negative modulator of B-RAF activity. Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of reticulocalbin 1 (RCN1) completely impeded phenylephrine-induced hypertrophy and led to significantly reduced MEK1/2 phosphorylation. Conversely, adenoviral knockdown of RCN1 with a specific synthetic miRNA induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and significantly increased MEK1/2 phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our results show that the inhibition of B-RAF abolishes cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and we identified RCN1 as novel negative modulator of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy by inhibition of the mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling cascade. Our results show that B-RAF kinase activity is essential for cardiac hypertrophy and RCN1, its newly identified negative regulator, abolishes hypertrophic response of cardiomyocytes in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Kramann
- Department of Cardiology and Pulmonology, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
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Minimally modified LDL upregulates endothelin type A receptors in rat coronary arterial smooth muscle cells. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:656570. [PMID: 23861561 PMCID: PMC3703896 DOI: 10.1155/2013/656570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Minimally modified low-density lipoprotein (mmLDL) is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The present study investigated the effects of mmLDL on the expression of endothelin type A (ETA) receptors in coronary arteries. Rat coronary arteries were organ-cultured for 24 h. The contractile responses were recorded using a myographic system. ETA receptor mRNA and protein expressions were determined using real-time PCR and western blotting, respectively. The results showed that organ-culturing in the presence of mmLDL enhanced the arterial contractility mediated by the ETA receptor in a concentration-dependent and time-dependent manner. Culturing with mmLDL (10 μg/mL) for 24 h shifted the concentration-contractile curves toward the left significantly with increased Emax of 228% ± 20% from control of 100% ± 10% and significantly increased ETA receptor mRNA and protein levels. Inhibition of the protein kinase C, extracellular signal-related kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), or NF-κB activities significantly attenuated the effects of mmLDL. The c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor or the p38 pathway inhibitor, however, had no such effects. The results indicate that mmLDL upregulates the ETA receptors in rat coronary arterial smooth muscle cells mainly via activating protein kinase C, ERK1/2, and the downstream transcriptional factor, NF-κB.
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Drawnel FM, Archer CR, Roderick HL. The role of the paracrine/autocrine mediator endothelin-1 in regulation of cardiac contractility and growth. Br J Pharmacol 2013; 168:296-317. [PMID: 22946456 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.02195.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2012] [Revised: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a critical autocrine and paracrine regulator of cardiac physiology and pathology. Produced locally within the myocardium in response to diverse mechanical and neurohormonal stimuli, ET-1 acutely modulates cardiac contractility. During pathological cardiovascular conditions such as ischaemia, left ventricular hypertrophy and heart failure, myocyte expression and activity of the entire ET-1 system is enhanced, allowing the peptide to both initiate and maintain maladaptive cellular responses. Both the acute and chronic effects of ET-1 are dependent on the activation of intracellular signalling pathways, regulated by the inositol-trisphosphate and diacylglycerol produced upon activation of the ET(A) receptor. Subsequent stimulation of protein kinases C and D, calmodulin-dependent kinase II, calcineurin and MAPKs modifies the systolic calcium transient, myofibril function and the activity of transcription factors that coordinate cellular remodelling. The precise nature of the cellular response to ET-1 is governed by the timing, localization and context of such signals, allowing the peptide to regulate both cardiomyocyte physiology and instigate disease. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Endothelin. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2013.168.issue-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faye M Drawnel
- Babraham Research Campus, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
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p90 ribosomal S6 kinases play a significant role in early gene regulation in the cardiomyocyte response to G(q)-protein-coupled receptor stimuli, endothelin-1 and α(1)-adrenergic receptor agonists. Biochem J 2013; 450:351-63. [PMID: 23215897 PMCID: PMC3573779 DOI: 10.1042/bj20121371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
ERK1/2 (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1/2) and their substrates RSKs (p90 ribosomal S6 kinases) phosphorylate different transcription factors, contributing differentially to transcriptomic profiles. In cardiomyocytes ERK1/2 are required for >70% of the transcriptomic response to endothelin-1. In the present study we investigated the role of RSKs in the transcriptomic responses to the Gq-protein-coupled receptor agonists endothelin-1, phenylephrine (a generic α1-adrenergic receptor agonist) and A61603 (α1A-adrenergic receptor selective). Phospho-ERK1/2 and phospho-RSKs appeared in cardiomyocyte nuclei within 2–3 min of stimulation (endothelin-1>A61603≈phenylephrine). All agonists increased nuclear RSK2, but only endothelin-1 increased the nuclear RSK1 content. PD184352 (inhibits ERK1/2 activation) and BI-D1870 (inhibits RSKs) were used to dissect the contribution of RSKs to the endothelin-1-responsive transcriptome. Of the 213 RNAs up-regulated after 1 h, 51% required RSKs for their up-regulation, whereas 29% required ERK1/2 but not RSKs. The transcriptomic response to phenylephrine overlapped with, but was not identical with, endothelin-1. As with endothelin-1, PD184352 inhibited the up-regulation of most phenylephrine-responsive transcripts, but the greater variation in the effects of BI-D1870 suggests that differential RSK signalling influences global gene expression. A61603 induced similar changes in RNA expression in cardiomyocytes as phenylephrine, indicating that the signal was mediated largely through α1A-adrenergic receptors. A61603 also increased expression of immediate early genes in perfused adult rat hearts and, as in cardiomyocytes, up-regulation of the majority of genes was inhibited by PD184352. PD184352 or BI-D1870 prevented the increased surface area induced by endothelin-1 in cardiomyocytes. Thus RSKs play a significant role in regulating cardiomyocyte gene expression and hypertrophy in response to Gq-protein-coupled receptor stimulation.
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Role of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways in multifactorial adverse cardiac remodeling associated with metabolic syndrome. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:367245. [PMID: 23365487 PMCID: PMC3556856 DOI: 10.1155/2013/367245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome has been widely associated with an increased risk for acute cardiovascular events. Emerging evidence supports metabolic syndrome as a condition favoring an adverse cardiac remodeling, which might evolve towards heart dysfunction and failure. This pathological remodeling has been described to result from the cardiac adaptive response to clinical mechanical conditions (such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, and hyperglycemia), soluble inflammatory molecules (such as cytokines and chemokines), as well as hormones (such as insulin), characterizing the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome. Moreover, these cardiac processes (resulting in cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis) are also associated with the modulation of intracellular signalling pathways within cardiomyocytes. Amongst the different intracellular kinases, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) were shown to be involved in heart damage in metabolic syndrome. However, their role remains controversial. In this paper, we will discuss and update evidence on MAPK-mediated mechanisms underlying cardiac adverse remodeling associated with metabolic syndrome.
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Song Y, Xu J, Li Y, Jia C, Ma X, Zhang L, Xie X, Zhang Y, Gao X, Zhang Y, Zhu D. Cardiac ankyrin repeat protein attenuates cardiac hypertrophy by inhibition of ERK1/2 and TGF-β signaling pathways. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50436. [PMID: 23227174 PMCID: PMC3515619 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS It has been reported that cardiac ankyrin repeat protein is associated with heart development and diseases. This study is aimed to investigate the role of CARP in heart hypertrophy in vivo. METHODS AND RESULTS We generated a cardiac-specific CARP-overexpressing transgenic mouse. Although such animals did not display any overt physiological abnormality, they developed less cardiac hypertrophy in response to pressure overload than did wildtype mice, as indicated by heart weight/body weight ratios, echocardiographic and histological analyses, and expression of hypertrophic markers. These mice also exhibited less cardiac hypertrophy after infusion of isoproterenol. To gain a molecular insight into how CARP attenuated heart hypertrophy, we examined expression of the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade and found that the concentrations of phosphorylated ERK1/2 and MEK were markedly reduced in the hearts of transgenic mice subjected to pressure overload. In addition, the expressions of TGF-β and phosphorylated Smad3 were significantly downregulated in the hearts of CARP Tg mice in response to pressure overload. Furthermore, addition of human TGF-β1 could reverse the inhibitory effect of CARP on the hypertrophic response induced by phenylephrine in cardiomyocytes. It was also evidenced that the inhibitory effect of CARP on cardiac hypertrophy was not attributed to apoptosis. CONCLUSION CARP attenuates cardiac hypertrophy, in which the ERK and TGF-β pathways may be involved. Our findings highlight the significance of CARP as an anti-hypertrophic factor in therapy of cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Song
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory peptides, Ministry of Health and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Jialin Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfeng Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chunshi Jia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowei Ma
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory peptides, Ministry of Health and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojie Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- National Resource Center for Mutant Mice Model Animal Research of Nanjing University, Pukou High-Tech District, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (DZ); (YZ); (XG)
| | - Youyi Zhang
- Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory peptides, Ministry of Health and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (DZ); (YZ); (XG)
| | - Dahai Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (DZ); (YZ); (XG)
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Ryall KA, Holland DO, Delaney KA, Kraeutler MJ, Parker AJ, Saucerman JJ. Network reconstruction and systems analysis of cardiac myocyte hypertrophy signaling. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:42259-68. [PMID: 23091058 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.382937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is managed by a dense web of signaling pathways with many pathways influencing myocyte growth. A quantitative understanding of the contributions of individual pathways and their interactions is needed to better understand hypertrophy signaling and to develop more effective therapies for heart failure. We developed a computational model of the cardiac myocyte hypertrophy signaling network to determine how the components and network topology lead to differential regulation of transcription factors, gene expression, and myocyte size. Our computational model of the hypertrophy signaling network contains 106 species and 193 reactions, integrating 14 established pathways regulating cardiac myocyte growth. 109 of 114 model predictions were validated using published experimental data testing the effects of receptor activation on transcription factors and myocyte phenotypic outputs. Network motif analysis revealed an enrichment of bifan and biparallel cross-talk motifs. Sensitivity analysis was used to inform clustering of the network into modules and to identify species with the greatest effects on cell growth. Many species influenced hypertrophy, but only a few nodes had large positive or negative influences. Ras, a network hub, had the greatest effect on cell area and influenced more species than any other protein in the network. We validated this model prediction in cultured cardiac myocytes. With this integrative computational model, we identified the most influential species in the cardiac hypertrophy signaling network and demonstrate how different levels of network organization affect myocyte size, transcription factors, and gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A Ryall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
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Sala V, Gallo S, Leo C, Gatti S, Gelb BD, Crepaldi T. Signaling to cardiac hypertrophy: insights from human and mouse RASopathies. Mol Med 2012; 18:938-47. [PMID: 22576369 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2011.00512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Accepted: 05/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is the heart's response to a variety of extrinsic and intrinsic stimuli, some of which might finally lead up to a maladaptive state. An integral part of the pathogenesis of the hypertrophic cardiomyopathy disease (HCM) is the activation of the rat sarcoma (RAS)/RAF/MEK (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase)/MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) cascade. Therefore, the molecular signaling involving RAS has been the subject of intense research efforts, particularly after the identification of the RASopathies. These constitute a class of developmental disorders caused by germline mutations affecting proteins contributing to the RAS pathway. Among other phenotypic features, a subset of these syndromes is characterized by HCM, prompting researchers and clinicians to delve into the chief signaling constituents of cardiac hypertrophy. In this review, we summarize current advances in the knowledge of the molecular signaling events involved in the pathogenesis of cardiac hypertrophy through work completed on patients and on genetically manipulated animals with HCM and RASopathies. Important insights are drawn from the recognition of parallels between cardiac hypertrophy and cancer. Future research promises to further elucidate the complex molecular interactions responsible for cardiac hypertrophy, possibly pointing the way for the identification of new specific targets for the treatment of HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Sala
- Department of Anatomy, Pharmacology and Forensic Medicine, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Wang KCW, Brooks DA, Thornburg KL, Morrison JL. Activation of IGF-2R stimulates cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in the late gestation sheep fetus. J Physiol 2012; 590:5425-37. [PMID: 22930271 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2012.238410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro studies using rat and fetal sheep cardiomyocytes indicate that, in addition to its role as a clearance receptor, the insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor (IGF-2R) can induce cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. In the present study, we have determined the effect of specific activation of the IGF-2R in the heart of the late gestation fetus on cardiomyocyte development. Leu(27)IGF-2, an IGF-2R agonist, was infused into the fetal left circumflex coronary artery for 4 days beginning at 128.1 ± 0.4 days gestation. Ewes were humanely killed at 132.2 ± 1.2 days gestation (term, 150 days). Fetuses were delivered and hearts dissected to isolate the cardiomyocytes and to collect and snap-freeze tissue. Leu(27)IGF-2 infusion into the left circumflex coronary artery of fetal sheep increased the area of binucleated cardiomyocytes in the left, but not the right, ventricle. However, this infusion of Leu(27)IGF-2 did not change fetal weight, heart weight, blood pressure, blood gases or cardiomyocyte proliferation/binucleation. The increase in cardiomyocyte size in the Leu(27)IGF-2-infused group was associated with increased expression of proteins in the Gαs, but not the Gαq, signalling pathway. We concluded that infusion of Leu(27)IGF-2 into the left circumflex coronary artery causes cardiac IGF-2R activation in the left ventricle of the heart, and this stimulates cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in a Gαs-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley C W Wang
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Sansom Institute for Health Research, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, SA, Australia 5001
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Wang KC, Brooks DA, Botting KJ, Morrison JL. IGF-2R-Mediated Signaling Results in Hypertrophy of Cultured Cardiomyocytes from Fetal Sheep1. Biol Reprod 2012; 86:183. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.112.100388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Becker JR, Robinson TY, Sachidanandan C, Kelly AE, Coy S, Peterson RT, MacRae CA. In vivo natriuretic peptide reporter assay identifies chemical modifiers of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy signalling. Cardiovasc Res 2011; 93:463-70. [PMID: 22198505 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvr350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Despite increased understanding of the fundamental biology regulating cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and heart failure, it has been challenging to find novel chemical or genetic modifiers of these pathways. Traditional cell-based methods do not model the complexity of an intact cardiovascular system and mammalian models are not readily adaptable to chemical or genetic screens. Our objective was to create an in vivo model suitable for chemical and genetic screens for hypertrophy and heart failure modifiers. METHODS AND RESULTS Using the developing zebrafish, we established that the cardiac natriuretic peptide genes (nppa and nppb), known markers of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and heart failure, were induced in the embryonic heart by pathological cardiac stimuli. This pathological induction was distinct from the developmental regulation of these genes. We created a luciferase-based transgenic reporter line that accurately modelled the pathological induction patterns of the zebrafish nppb gene. Utilizing this reporter line, we were able to show remarkable conservation of pharmacological responses between the larval zebrafish heart and adult mammalian models. CONCLUSION By performing a focused screen of chemical agents, we were able to show a distinct response of a genetic model of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy to the histone deacetylase inhibitor, Trichostatin A, and the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1/2 inhibitor, U0126. We believe this in vivo reporter line will offer a unique approach to the identification of novel chemical or genetic regulators of myocardial hypertrophy and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Becker
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 2220 Pierce Avenue, 340 PRB, Nashville, TN 37232-6300, USA.
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Inhibition of cerebrovascular raf activation attenuates cerebral blood flow and prevents upregulation of contractile receptors after subarachnoid hemorrhage. BMC Neurosci 2011; 12:107. [PMID: 22032648 PMCID: PMC3219635 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-12-107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Late cerebral ischemia carries high morbidity and mortality after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) due to reduced cerebral blood flow (CBF) and the subsequent cerebral ischemia which is associated with upregulation of contractile receptors in the vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) via activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 signal pathway. We hypothesize that SAH initiates cerebrovascular ERK1/2 activation, resulting in receptor upregulation. The raf inhibitor will inhibit the molecular events upstream ERK1/2 and may provide a therapeutic window for treatment of cerebral ischemia after SAH. RESULTS Here we demonstrate that SAH increases the phosphorylation level of ERK1/2 in cerebral vessels and reduces the neurology score in rats in additional with the CBF measured by an autoradiographic method. The intracisternal administration of SB-386023-b, a specific inhibitor of raf, given 6 h after SAH, aborts the receptor changes and protects the brain from the development of late cerebral ischemia at 48 h. This is accompanied by reduced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in cerebrovascular SMC. SAH per se enhances contractile responses to endothelin-1 (ET-1), 5-carboxamidotryptamine (5-CT) and angiotensin II (Ang II), upregulates ETB, 5-HT1B and AT1 receptor mRNA and protein levels. Treatment with SB-386023-b given as late as at 6 h but not at 12 h after the SAH significantly decreased the receptor upregulation, the reduction in CBF and the neurology score. CONCLUSION These results provide evidence for a role of the ERK1/2 pathway in regulation of expression of cerebrovascular SMC receptors. It is suggested that raf inhibition may reduce late cerebral ischemia after SAH and provides a realistic time window for therapy.
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Chen CC, Hsu YJ, Lee TM. Impact of elevated uric acid on ventricular remodeling in infarcted rats with experimental hyperuricemia. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2011; 301:H1107-17. [PMID: 21622823 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.01071.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Hyperuricemia is associated with cardiovascular disease, but it is usually considered a marker rather than a risk factor. Previous studies using uric acid-lowering drugs in normouricemic animals are not suitable to answer the effect of hyperuricemia on ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction. The purpose of this study was to determine whether hyperuricemia adversely affects ventricular remodeling in infarcted rats with elevated uric acid. Male Wistar rats aged 8 wk were randomly assigned into either vehicle, oxonic acid, oxonic acid + allopurinol, oxonic acid + benzbromarone, oxonic acid + ABT-627, or oxonic acid + tempol for 4 wk starting 24 h after ligation. Postinfarction was associated with increased oxidant production, as measured by myocardial superoxide, isoprostane, xanthine oxidase activity, and dihydroethidium staining. Compared with normouricemic infarcted rats, hyperuricemic infarcted rats had a significant increase of superoxide production (1.7×) and endothelin-1 protein (1.2×) and mRNA (1.4×) expression, which was associated with increased left ventricular dysfunction and enhanced myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis. These changes were all prevented by treatment with allopurinol. For similar levels of urate lowering, the uricosuric agent benzbromarone had no effect on ventricular remodeling. In spite of equivalent hyperuricemia, the ability of both ABT-627 and tempol to attenuate ventricular remodeling suggested involvement of endothelin-1 and redox pathways. Hyperuricemia is associated with unfavorable ventricular remodeling probably through a superoxide and endothelin-1-dependent pathway. Uric acid lowering without inhibition of superoxide and endothelin-1 may not have an effect on remodeling. Chronic administration of allopurinol, ABT-627, and tempol is associated with attenuated ventricular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Chang Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng-Kung University, and Divison of Cardiovascular Surgery, Chia-yi Christian Hospital, Chia-yi City, Taiwan
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