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Moretti AIS, Baksheeva VE, Roman AY, De Bessa TC, Devred F, Kovacic H, Tsvetkov PO. Exploring the Influence of Zinc Ions on the Conformational Stability and Activity of Protein Disulfide Isomerase. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2095. [PMID: 38396772 PMCID: PMC10889200 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The interplay between metal ion binding and the activity of thiol proteins, particularly within the protein disulfide isomerase family, remains an area of active investigation due to the critical role that these proteins play in many vital processes. This research investigates the interaction between recombinant human PDIA1 and zinc ions, focusing on the subsequent implications for PDIA1's conformational stability and enzymatic activity. Employing isothermal titration calorimetry and differential scanning calorimetry, we systematically compared the zinc binding capabilities of both oxidized and reduced forms of PDIA1 and assessed the structural consequences of this interaction. Our results demonstrate that PDIA1 can bind zinc both in reduced and oxidized states, but with significantly different stoichiometry and more pronounced conformational effects in the reduced form of PDIA1. Furthermore, zinc binding was observed to inhibit the catalytic activity of reduced-PDIA1, likely due to induced alterations in its conformation. These findings unveil a potential regulatory mechanism in PDIA1, wherein metal ion binding under reductive conditions modulates its activity. Our study highlights the potential role of zinc in regulating the catalytic function of PDIA1 through conformational modulation, suggesting a nuanced interplay between metal binding and protein stability in the broader context of cellular redox regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Iochabel Soares Moretti
- Vascular Biology Laboratory (LIM64), School of Medicine, Heart Institute (InCor), Cardiopneumology Department, University of São Paulo, Campus Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Viktoria E. Baksheeva
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, UMR 7051, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, Fac Sciences Médicales et Paramédicales, 13005 Marseille, France (F.D.); (H.K.)
| | - Andrei Yu. Roman
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, UMR 7051, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, Fac Sciences Médicales et Paramédicales, 13005 Marseille, France (F.D.); (H.K.)
| | - Tiphany Coralie De Bessa
- Vascular Biology Laboratory (LIM64), School of Medicine, Heart Institute (InCor), Cardiopneumology Department, University of São Paulo, Campus Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | - François Devred
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, UMR 7051, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, Fac Sciences Médicales et Paramédicales, 13005 Marseille, France (F.D.); (H.K.)
| | - Hervé Kovacic
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, UMR 7051, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, Fac Sciences Médicales et Paramédicales, 13005 Marseille, France (F.D.); (H.K.)
| | - Philipp O. Tsvetkov
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, UMR 7051, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, Fac Sciences Médicales et Paramédicales, 13005 Marseille, France (F.D.); (H.K.)
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Yang YX, Li P, Wang P, Zhu BT. 17β-Estradiol-Induced Conformational Changes of Human Microsomal Triglyceride Transfer Protein: A Computational Molecular Modelling Study. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071566. [PMID: 34206252 PMCID: PMC8304645 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Human microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (hMTP) plays an essential role in the assembly of apoB-containing lipoproteins, and has become an important drug target for the treatment of several disease states, such as abetalipoproteinemia, fat malabsorption and familial hypercholesterolemia. hMTP is a heterodimer composed of a larger hMTPα subunit and a smaller hMTPβ subunit (namely, protein disulfide isomerase, hPDI). hPDI can interact with 17β-estradiol (E2), an endogenous female sex hormone. It has been reported that E2 can significantly reduce the blood levels of low-density lipoprotein, cholesterol and triglyceride, and modulate liver lipid metabolism in vivo. However, some of the estrogen’s actions on lipid metabolism are not associated with estrogen receptors (ER), and the exact mechanism underlying estrogen’s ER-independent lipid-modulating action is still not clear at present. In this study, the potential influence of E2 on the stability of the hMTP complex is investigated by jointly using multiple molecular dynamics analyses based on available experimental structures. The molecular dynamics analyses indicate that the hMTP complex in the presence of E2 has reduced interface contacts and surface areas. A steered molecular dynamics analysis shows that the forces required to separate the two subunits (namely, hPDI and hMTPα subunit) of the hMTP complex in the absence of E2 are significantly higher than the forces required to separate the complex in which its hPDI is already bound with E2. E2 makes the interface between hMTPα and hPDI subunits more flexible and less stable. The results of this study suggest that E2-induced conformational changes of the hMTP complex might be a novel mechanism partly accounting for the ER-independent lipid-modulating effect of E2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Xiao Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China; (Y.-X.Y.); (P.L.); (P.W.)
| | - Peng Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China; (Y.-X.Y.); (P.L.); (P.W.)
| | - Pan Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China; (Y.-X.Y.); (P.L.); (P.W.)
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Bao-Ting Zhu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Steroid Drug Discovery and Development, School of Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China; (Y.-X.Y.); (P.L.); (P.W.)
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-755-84273851
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3
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Wadood AA, Wang J, Pu L, Shahzad Q, Waqas M, Liu X, Xie L, Yu L, Chen D, Akhtar RW, Lu Y. Proteomic Analysis Identifies Potential Markers for Chicken Primary Follicle Development. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11041108. [PMID: 33924300 PMCID: PMC8069082 DOI: 10.3390/ani11041108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Our study presents a comprehensive approach elaborating the mechanism of primary follicle development in the chicken. The identified differentially expressed proteins of small and developing primary follicles (SPFs and DPFs) could be used as potential markers in chicken primary follicle development. The DEPs have their functional involvement in different processes including glycolysis, pyruvate metabolism, amino acid synthesis, and oocyte meiosis. The Anxa2, Pdia3, and Capzb have a connotation in primary follicle development. These findings were validated by real-time quantitative PCR and provided a basis for the exploration of DEPs as suitable makers related to the primary follicle development in chicken. Abstract Follicles’ development in chicken imparts a major impact on egg production. To enhance the egg-laying efficiency, comprehensive knowledge of different phases of follicular development is a prerequisite. Therefore, we used the tandem mass tag (TMT) based proteomic approach to find the genes involved in the primary follicular development of chicken. The primary follicles were divided into two groups—small primary follicles (81–150 μm) and developed primary follicles (300–500 μm). Differential expression analysis (fold change > 1.2, p-value < 0.05) revealed a total of 70 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), of which 38 were upregulated and 32 were downregulated. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis disclosed that DEPs were intricate with cellular protein localization, the establishment of protein localization, and nucleoside phosphate-binding activities. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment pathway indicated the involvement of DEPs in different metabolic pathways such as glycolysis, pyruvate metabolism, galactose metabolism, and fructose and mannose metabolism. The current proteomic analysis suggested suitable markers such as Anxa2, Pdia3, and Capzb, which may serve as a potential role for primary follicle development. The present study provides the first insight into the proteome dynamics of primary follicle development and would play a potential role for further studies in chicken to improve egg productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armughan Ahmed Wadood
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530000, China; (A.A.W.); (J.W.); (L.P.); (Q.S.); (M.W.); (X.L.); (L.X.); (L.Y.); (D.C.)
| | - Jingyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530000, China; (A.A.W.); (J.W.); (L.P.); (Q.S.); (M.W.); (X.L.); (L.X.); (L.Y.); (D.C.)
| | - Liping Pu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530000, China; (A.A.W.); (J.W.); (L.P.); (Q.S.); (M.W.); (X.L.); (L.X.); (L.Y.); (D.C.)
| | - Qaisar Shahzad
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530000, China; (A.A.W.); (J.W.); (L.P.); (Q.S.); (M.W.); (X.L.); (L.X.); (L.Y.); (D.C.)
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530000, China; (A.A.W.); (J.W.); (L.P.); (Q.S.); (M.W.); (X.L.); (L.X.); (L.Y.); (D.C.)
| | - Xingting Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530000, China; (A.A.W.); (J.W.); (L.P.); (Q.S.); (M.W.); (X.L.); (L.X.); (L.Y.); (D.C.)
| | - Long Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530000, China; (A.A.W.); (J.W.); (L.P.); (Q.S.); (M.W.); (X.L.); (L.X.); (L.Y.); (D.C.)
| | - Lintian Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530000, China; (A.A.W.); (J.W.); (L.P.); (Q.S.); (M.W.); (X.L.); (L.X.); (L.Y.); (D.C.)
| | - Dongyang Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530000, China; (A.A.W.); (J.W.); (L.P.); (Q.S.); (M.W.); (X.L.); (L.X.); (L.Y.); (D.C.)
| | - Rana Waseem Akhtar
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Muhammad Nawaz Sharif University of Agriculture, Multan 61000, Pakistan;
| | - Yangqing Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530000, China; (A.A.W.); (J.W.); (L.P.); (Q.S.); (M.W.); (X.L.); (L.X.); (L.Y.); (D.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-137-6858-0206
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4
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Cook GM, Sousa C, Schaeffer J, Wiles K, Jareonsettasin P, Kalyanasundaram A, Walder E, Casper C, Patel S, Chua PW, Riboni-Verri G, Raza M, Swaddiwudhipong N, Hui A, Abdullah A, Wajed S, Keynes RJ. Regulation of nerve growth and patterning by cell surface protein disulphide isomerase. eLife 2020; 9:54612. [PMID: 32452761 PMCID: PMC7269675 DOI: 10.7554/elife.54612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Contact repulsion of growing axons is an essential mechanism for spinal nerve patterning. In birds and mammals the embryonic somites generate a linear series of impenetrable barriers, forcing axon growth cones to traverse one half of each somite as they extend towards their body targets. This study shows that protein disulphide isomerase provides a key component of these barriers, mediating contact repulsion at the cell surface in chick half-somites. Repulsion is reduced both in vivo and in vitro by a range of methods that inhibit enzyme activity. The activity is critical in initiating a nitric oxide/S-nitrosylation-dependent signal transduction pathway that regulates the growth cone cytoskeleton. Rat forebrain grey matter extracts contain a similar activity, and the enzyme is expressed at the surface of cultured human astrocytic cells and rat cortical astrocytes. We suggest this system is co-opted in the brain to counteract and regulate aberrant nerve terminal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Mw Cook
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Catia Sousa
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Grenoble Institute des Neurosciences, La Tronche, France
| | - Julia Schaeffer
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Wiles
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Independent researcher, London, United Kingdom
| | - Prem Jareonsettasin
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Exeter College, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Asanish Kalyanasundaram
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor Walder
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Catharina Casper
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Winter, Brandl, Fürniss, Hübner, Röss, Kaiser & Polte, Partnerschaft mbB, Patent und Rechtsanwaltskanzlei, München, Germany
| | - Serena Patel
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Pei Wei Chua
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Gioia Riboni-Verri
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,School of Medicine, Medical Science and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Mansoor Raza
- Cambridge Innovation Capital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nol Swaddiwudhipong
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Hui
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ameer Abdullah
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Saj Wajed
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Roger J Keynes
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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5
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Linden LDS, Bustamante-Filho IC, Souza APB, Lopes TN, Silva AFT, Tomé LM, Timmers LFMS, Santos SI, Neves AP. Structural modelling of the equine protein disulphide isomerase A1 and its quantification in the epididymis and seminal plasma. Andrologia 2020; 52:e13530. [DOI: 10.1111/and.13530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Liana de Salles Linden
- Programa de Pós‐graduação em Medicina Animal: Equinos Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre Brazil
| | | | | | - Tayná Nauê Lopes
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Universidade do Vale do Taquari – Univates Lajeado Brazil
| | | | - Luise Marcon Tomé
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia Universidade do Vale do Taquari – Univates Lajeado Brazil
| | | | | | - Adriana Pires Neves
- Programa de Pós‐graduação em Medicina Animal: Equinos Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA) Dom Pedrito Brazil
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6
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Shergalis AG, Hu S, Bankhead A, Neamati N. Role of the ERO1-PDI interaction in oxidative protein folding and disease. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 210:107525. [PMID: 32201313 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum is an oxidative process that relies on protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) and endoplasmic reticulum oxidase 1 (ERO1). Over 30% of proteins require the chaperone PDI to promote disulfide bond formation. PDI oxidizes cysteines in nascent polypeptides to form disulfide bonds and can also reduce and isomerize disulfide bonds. ERO1 recycles reduced PDI family member PDIA1 using a FAD cofactor to transfer electrons to oxygen. ERO1 dysfunction critically affects several diseases states. Both ERO1 and PDIA1 are overexpressed in cancers and implicated in diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases. Cancer-associated ERO1 promotes cell migration and invasion. Furthermore, the ERO1-PDIA1 interaction is critical for epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Co-expression analysis of ERO1A gene expression in cancer patients demonstrated that ERO1A is significantly upregulated in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), glioblastoma and low-grade glioma (GBMLGG), pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PAAD), and kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma (KIRP) cancers. ERO1Α knockdown gene signature correlates with knockdown of cancer signaling proteins including IGF1R, supporting the search for novel, selective ERO1 inhibitors for the treatment of cancer. In this review, we explore the functions of ERO1 and PDI to support inhibition of this interaction in cancer and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea G Shergalis
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Shuai Hu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Armand Bankhead
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Nouri Neamati
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
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7
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Xu S, Liu Y, Yang K, Wang H, Shergalis A, Kyani A, Bankhead A, Tamura S, Yang S, Wang X, Wang CC, Rehemtulla A, Ljungman M, Neamati N. Inhibition of protein disulfide isomerase in glioblastoma causes marked downregulation of DNA repair and DNA damage response genes. Theranostics 2019; 9:2282-2298. [PMID: 31149044 PMCID: PMC6531306 DOI: 10.7150/thno.30621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant overexpression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident oxidoreductase protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) plays an important role in cancer progression. In this study, we demonstrate that PDI promotes glioblastoma (GBM) cell growth and describe a class of allosteric PDI inhibitors that are selective for PDI over other PDI family members. Methods: We performed a phenotypic screening triage campaign of over 20,000 diverse compounds to identify PDI inhibitors cytotoxic to cancer cells. From this screen, BAP2 emerged as a lead compound, and we assessed BAP2-PDI interactions with gel filtration, thiol-competition assays, and site-directed mutagenesis studies. To assess selectivity, we compared BAP2 activity across several PDI family members in the PDI reductase assay. Finally, we performed in vivo studies with a mouse xenograft model of GBM combining BAP2 and the standard of care (temozolomide and radiation), and identified affected gene pathways with nascent RNA sequencing (Bru-seq). Results: BAP2 and related analogs are novel PDI inhibitors that selectively inhibit PDIA1 and PDIp. Though BAP2 contains a weak Michael acceptor, interaction with PDI relies on Histidine 256 in the b' domain of PDI, suggesting allosteric binding. Furthermore, both in vitro and in vivo, BAP2 reduces cell and tumor growth. BAP2 alters the transcription of genes involved in the unfolded protein response, ER stress, apoptosis and DNA repair response. Conclusion: These results indicate that BAP2 has anti-tumor activity and the suppressive effect on DNA repair gene expression warrants combination with DNA damaging agents to treat GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shili Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yajing Liu
- Radiation Oncology, Rogel Cancer Center, Center for RNA, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kai Yang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
| | - Hanxiao Wang
- Radiation Oncology, Rogel Cancer Center, Center for RNA, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Andrea Shergalis
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Anahita Kyani
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Armand Bankhead
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Shuzo Tamura
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Suhui Yang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Xi Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
| | - Chih-chen Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
| | - Alnawaz Rehemtulla
- Radiation Oncology, Rogel Cancer Center, Center for RNA, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Mats Ljungman
- Radiation Oncology, Rogel Cancer Center, Center for RNA, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Environmental Health Sciences, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Nouri Neamati
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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8
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Buñay J, Larriba E, Patiño-Garcia D, Urriola-Muñoz P, Moreno RD, del Mazo J. Combined proteomic and miRNome analyses of mouse testis exposed to an endocrine disruptors chemicals mixture reveals altered toxicological pathways involved in male infertility. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 25:156-169. [DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaz003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julio Buñay
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile (PUC), Santiago, Chile
| | - Eduardo Larriba
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Patiño-Garcia
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile (PUC), Santiago, Chile
| | - Paulina Urriola-Muñoz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile (PUC), Santiago, Chile
- Chemistry Institute, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Ricardo D Moreno
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile (PUC), Santiago, Chile
| | - Jesús del Mazo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas (CIB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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9
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Youneszadeh-Fashalami M, Salati AP, Keyvanshokooh S. Comparison of proteomic profiles in the ovary of Sterlet sturgeon (Acipenser ruthenus) during vitellogenic stages. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2018; 27:23-29. [PMID: 29738886 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
One of the challenges of sturgeon aquaculture is that sturgeon takes an extended amount of time to reach sexual maturity. The pattern of the protein expression in relation to the late maturity of sturgeon can help to better understand changes in sexual maturity. 17β-estradiol (E2), testosterone (T) and vitellogenin (Vtg) levels were examined at all stages of sexual maturation in Sterlet sturgeon (Acipenser ruthenus). Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry analysis were used to show the pattern of the ovarian proteins. The T levels increased from the previtellogenic to the postvitellogenic stages (P < 0.05) and Vtg showed a decremental pattern in pre- and postvitellogenic, and atresia (not significantly). The analysis showed 900 protein spots, 19 of which were successfully identified and had significant differences between the previtellogenic and the vitellogenic groups (P < 0.05). Among the identified proteins, 40% involved in cell defense (heat shock protein, Glutathione peroxidase, natural killer enhancing factor, peroxiredoxin-2), 30% in transcription and translation (constitutive photomorphogenesis 9 and Ybx2), 20% in metabolism and energy production (triose-phosphate isomerase (TPI)) and 10% in transport (glycolipid transfer protein). In the vitellogenic stage, the proteins were related to metabolism and energy production (TPI, ES1, creatin kinase, enolase, nucleoside diphosphate kinase, 50%), cell defense (thioredoxin and dislophid isomerase, 20%) and transport (fatty acid binding protein, 10%). Our findings show changes in protein expression pattern from cell defense to metabolism during egg development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Youneszadeh-Fashalami
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of marine Natural Resources, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Iran; South Iranian Aquaculture Research Center, Ahwaz, Iran
| | - Amir Parviz Salati
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of marine Natural Resources, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Iran.
| | - Saeed Keyvanshokooh
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of marine Natural Resources, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Iran
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The present review will provide an overview of several recent advances in the field of vascular thiol isomerase function. RECENT FINDINGS The initial observation that protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) functions in thrombus formation occurred approximately a decade ago. At the time, there was little understanding regarding how PDI or other vascular thiol isomerases contribute to thrombosis. Although this problem is far from solved, the past few years have seen substantial progress in several areas that will be reviewed in this article. The relationship between PDI structure and its function has been investigated and applied to identify domains of PDI that are critical for thrombus formation. The mechanisms that direct thiol isomerase storage and release from platelets and endothelium have been studied. New techniques including kinetic-based trapping have identified substrates that vascular thiol isomerases modify during thrombus formation. Novel inhibitors of thiol isomerases have been developed that are useful both as tools to interrogate PDI function and as potential therapeutics. Human studies have been conducted to measure circulating PDI in disease states and evaluate the effect of oral administration of a PDI inhibitor on ex-vivo thrombin generation. SUMMARY Current findings indicate that thiol isomerase-mediated disulfide bond modification in receptors and plasma proteins is an important layer of control of thrombosis and vascular function more generally.
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Kyani A, Tamura S, Yang S, Shergalis A, Samanta S, Kuang Y, Ljungman M, Neamati N. Discovery and Mechanistic Elucidation of a Class of Protein Disulfide Isomerase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Glioblastoma. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:164-177. [PMID: 29235250 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201700629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is overexpressed in glioblastoma, the most aggressive form of brain cancer, and folds nascent proteins responsible for the progression and spread of the disease. Herein we describe a novel nanomolar PDI inhibitor, pyrimidotriazinedione 35G8, that is toxic in a panel of human glioblastoma cell lines. We performed a medium-throughput 20 000-compound screen of a diverse subset of 1 000 000 compounds to identify cytotoxic small molecules. Cytotoxic compounds were screened for PDI inhibition, and, from the screen, 35G8 emerged as the most cytotoxic inhibitor of PDI. Bromouridine labeling and sequencing (Bru-seq) of nascent RNA revealed that 35G8 induces nuclear factor-like 2 (Nrf2) antioxidant response, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response, and autophagy. Specifically, 35G8 upregulated heme oxygenase 1 and solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) transcription and protein expression and repressed PDI target genes such as thioredoxin-interacting protein 1 (TXNIP) and early growth response 1 (EGR1). Interestingly, 35G8-induced cell death did not proceed via apoptosis or necrosis, but by a mixture of autophagy and ferroptosis. Cumulatively, our data demonstrate a mechanism for a novel PDI inhibitor as a chemical probe to validate PDI as a target for brain cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anahita Kyani
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 1600 Huron Parkway, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Shuzo Tamura
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 1600 Huron Parkway, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Suhui Yang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 1600 Huron Parkway, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Andrea Shergalis
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 1600 Huron Parkway, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Soma Samanta
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 1600 Huron Parkway, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Yuting Kuang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 1600 Huron Parkway, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Mats Ljungman
- Departments of Radiation Oncology and Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 1600 Huron Parkway, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Nouri Neamati
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex, 1600 Huron Parkway, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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12
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Campos JLO, Doratioto TR, Videira NB, Ribeiro Filho HV, Batista FAH, Fattori J, Indolfo NDC, Nakahira M, Bajgelman MC, Cvoro A, Laurindo FRM, Webb P, Figueira ACM. Protein Disulfide Isomerase Modulates the Activation of Thyroid Hormone Receptors. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:784. [PMID: 30671024 PMCID: PMC6331412 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) are responsible for mediating thyroid hormone (T3 and T4) actions at a cellular level. They belong to the nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily and execute their main functions inside the cell nuclei as hormone-regulated transcription factors. These receptors also exhibit so-called "non-classic" actions, for which other cellular proteins, apart from coregulators inside nuclei, regulate their activity. Aiming to find alternative pathways of TR modulation, we searched for interacting proteins and found that PDIA1 interacts with TRβ in a yeast two-hybrid screening assay. The functional implications of PDIA1-TR interactions are still unclear; however, our co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) and fluorescence assay results showed that PDI was able to bind both TR isoforms in vitro. Moreover, T3 appears to have no important role in these interactions in cellular assays, where PDIA1 was able to regulate transcription of TRα and TRβ-mediated genes in different ways depending on the promoter region and on the TR isoform involved. Although PDIA1 appears to act as a coregulator, it binds to a TR surface that does not interfere with coactivator binding. However, the TR:PDIA1 complex affinity and activation are different depending on the TR isoform. Such differences may reflect the structural organization of the PDIA1:TR complex, as shown by models depicting an interaction interface with exposed cysteines from both proteins, suggesting that PDIA1 might modulate TR by its thiol reductase/isomerase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. O. Campos
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research Energy and Materials (CNPEM), São Paulo, Brazil
- Graduation Program of Biosciences and Bioactive Products Technology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tabata R. Doratioto
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research Energy and Materials (CNPEM), São Paulo, Brazil
- Graduation Program of Biosciences and Bioactive Products Technology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natalia B. Videira
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research Energy and Materials (CNPEM), São Paulo, Brazil
- Graduation Program of Biosciences and Bioactive Products Technology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helder V. Ribeiro Filho
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research Energy and Materials (CNPEM), São Paulo, Brazil
- Graduation Program of Biosciences and Bioactive Products Technology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda A. H. Batista
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research Energy and Materials (CNPEM), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Fattori
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research Energy and Materials (CNPEM), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nathalia de C. Indolfo
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research Energy and Materials (CNPEM), São Paulo, Brazil
- Graduation Program of Biosciences and Bioactive Products Technology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (Unicamp), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcel Nakahira
- Institute of Chemistry (IQ), State University of Campinas (Unicamp), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcio C. Bajgelman
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research Energy and Materials (CNPEM), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aleksandra Cvoro
- Genomic Medicine, The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Francisco R. M. Laurindo
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Heart Institute (InCor), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paul Webb
- California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Oakland, CA, United States
| | - Ana Carolina M. Figueira
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research Energy and Materials (CNPEM), São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Ana Carolina M. Figueira
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13
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Red/ox states of human protein disulfide isomerase regulate binding affinity of 17 beta-estradiol. Arch Biochem Biophys 2017; 619:35-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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14
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Peng RH, Qiu J, Tian YS, Gao JJ, Han HJ, Fu XY, Zhu B, Xu J, Wang B, Li ZJ, Wang LJ, Yao QH. Disulfide isomerase-like protein AtPDIL1-2 is a good candidate for trichlorophenol phytodetoxification. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40130. [PMID: 28059139 PMCID: PMC5216352 DOI: 10.1038/srep40130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichlorophenol (TCP) is a widely used and persistent environmentally toxic compound that poses a carcinogenic risk to humans. Phytoremediation is a proficient cleanup technology for organic pollutants. In this study, we found that the disulfide isomerase-like protein AtPDIL1-2 in plants is a good candidate for enhancing 2,4,6-TCP phytoremediation. The expression of AtPDIL1-2 in Arabidopsis was induced by 2,4,6-TCP. The heterologously expressed AtPDIL1-2 in Escherichia coli exhibited both oxidase and isomerase activities as protein disulfide isomerase and improved bacteria tolerance to 2,4,6-TCP. Further research revealed that transgenic tobacco overexpressing AtPDIL1-2 was more tolerant to high concentrations of 2,4,6-TCP and removed the toxic compound at far greater rates than the control plants. To elucidate the mechanism of action of AtPDIL1-2, we investigated the chemical interaction of AtPDIL1-2 with 2,4,6-TCP for the first time. HPLC analysis implied that AtPDIL1-2 exerts a TCP-binding activity. A suitable configuration of AtPDIL1-2-TCP binding was obtained by molecular docking studies using the AutoDock program. It predicted that the TCP binding site is located in the b-b' domain of AtPDIL1-2 and that His254 of the protein is critical for the binding interaction. These findings imply that AtPDIL1-2 can be used for TCP detoxification by the way of overexpression in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ri-He Peng
- Agro-Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, 2901 Beidi Rd., Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin Qiu
- Agro-Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, 2901 Beidi Rd., Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong-Sheng Tian
- Agro-Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, 2901 Beidi Rd., Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian-jie Gao
- Agro-Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, 2901 Beidi Rd., Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong-juan Han
- Agro-Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, 2901 Beidi Rd., Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yan Fu
- Agro-Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, 2901 Beidi Rd., Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Agro-Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, 2901 Beidi Rd., Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Xu
- Agro-Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, 2901 Beidi Rd., Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bo Wang
- Agro-Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, 2901 Beidi Rd., Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen-jun Li
- Agro-Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, 2901 Beidi Rd., Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-juan Wang
- Agro-Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, 2901 Beidi Rd., Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Quan-Hong Yao
- Agro-Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, 2901 Beidi Rd., Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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15
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Soares Moretti AI, Martins Laurindo FR. Protein disulfide isomerases: Redox connections in and out of the endoplasmic reticulum. Arch Biochem Biophys 2016; 617:106-119. [PMID: 27889386 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Protein disulfide isomerases are thiol oxidoreductase chaperones from thioredoxin superfamily. As redox folding catalysts from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), their roles in ER-related redox homeostasis and signaling are well-studied. PDIA1 exerts thiol oxidation/reduction and isomerization, plus chaperone effects. Also, substantial evidence indicates that PDIs regulate thiol-disulfide switches in other cell locations such as cell surface and possibly cytosol. Subcellular PDI translocation routes remain unclear and seem Golgi-independent. The list of signaling and structural proteins reportedly regulated by PDIs keeps growing, via thiol switches involving oxidation, reduction and isomerization, S-(de)nytrosylation, (de)glutathyonylation and protein oligomerization. PDIA1 is required for agonist-triggered Nox NADPH oxidase activation and cell migration in vascular cells and macrophages, while PDIA1-dependent cytoskeletal regulation appears a converging pathway. Extracellularly, PDIs crucially regulate thiol redox signaling of thrombosis/platelet activation, e.g., integrins, and PDIA1 supports expansive caliber remodeling during injury repair via matrix/cytoskeletal organization. Some proteins display regulatory PDI-like motifs. PDI effects are orchestrated by expression levels or post-translational modifications. PDI is redox-sensitive, although probably not a mass-effect redox sensor due to kinetic constraints. Rather, the "all-in-one" organization of its peculiar redox/chaperone properties likely provide PDIs with precision and versatility in redox signaling, making them promising therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Iochabel Soares Moretti
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Heart Institute (InCor), University of São Paulo, School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
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16
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Abstract
Thiol isomerases are multifunctional enzymes that influence protein structure via their oxidoreductase, isomerase, and chaperone activities. These enzymes localize at high concentrations in the endoplasmic reticulum of all eukaryotic cells where they serve an essential function in folding nascent proteins. However, thiol isomerases can escape endoplasmic retention and be secreted and localized on plasma membranes. Several thiol isomerases including protein disulfide isomerase, ERp57, and ERp5 are secreted by and localize to the membranes of platelets and endothelial cells. These vascular thiol isomerases are released following vessel injury and participate in thrombus formation. Although most of the activities of vascular thiol isomerases that contribute to thrombus formation are yet to be defined at the molecular level, allosteric disulfide bonds that are modified by thiol isomerases have been described in substrates such as αIIbβ3, αvβ3, GPIbα, tissue factor, and thrombospondin. Vascular thiol isomerases also act as redox sensors. They respond to the local redox environment and influence S-nitrosylation of surface proteins on platelets and endothelial cells. Despite our rudimentary understanding of the mechanisms by which thiol isomerases control vascular function, the clinical utility of targeting them in thrombotic disorders is already being explored in clinical trials.
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17
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Nemere I, Garbi N, Winger Q. The 1,25D3 -MARRS receptor/PDIA3/ERp57 and lifespan. J Cell Biochem 2015; 116:380-5. [PMID: 25283641 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Using MRI on mice bearing a targeted knockout (KO) of the 1,25D3 -MARRS receptor/PDIA3/ERp57 we found that they had decreased body fat relative to their littermate (LM) controls, a condition associated with increased lifespan. Others have found that lower body fat is correlated with decreased lipid droplets in intestinal cells that may be mediated by a factor secreted by germ cells (possibly estradiol). In a reducing environment estradiol competed for binding to the 1,25D3-MARRS receptor/PDIA3/ERp57. A consequence of this was that estradiol stimulated calcium uptake in enterocytes isolated from LM mice. In time course studies, lipid droplets increased in response to 1 nM estradiol from 1-5 D of culture, relative to corresponding controls, while at 6 and 7 D this steroid decreased lipid droplets. Enterocytes from LM or KOs incubated with estradiol for 1-4 D showed the hormone increased lipid droplets. Using the 4 D culture period, 1 and 10 nM estradiol significantly increased the number of lipid droplets in cells from LM mice by 40-60%, compared to equivalent conditions in KO mice. In assessing signal transduction pathways, the hormone increased phospho-Akt levels, but no differences were observed in phospho-mTORC1, or phospho-S6K (although cells from chicks did exhibit a hormone-mediated difference). Finally, the remaining mice (which had stopped reproducing) were allowed to die naturally and lifespan recorded. LM mice lived 687 ± 77 D (without an outlying value) while KO mice lived 740 D ± 80 D. These data suggest the 25D3 -MARRS receptor/PDIA3/ERp57 may contribute to the length of lifespan in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilka Nemere
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT
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18
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Yamaura K, Kuwata K, Tamura T, Kioi Y, Takaoka Y, Kiyonaka S, Hamachi I. Live cell off-target identification of lapatinib using ligand-directed tosyl chemistry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 50:14097-100. [PMID: 25275302 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc05885b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate that ligand-directed tosyl (LDT) chemistry is applicable to off-target identification in live cells. Lapatinib (Lap)-based LDT reagents not only labeled a receptor tyrosine kinase, HER2, target protein, but also the protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) that should be an off-target protein for Lap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Yamaura
- Graduate School of Engineering, Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
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19
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Parakh S, Atkin JD. Novel roles for protein disulphide isomerase in disease states: a double edged sword? Front Cell Dev Biol 2015; 3:30. [PMID: 26052512 PMCID: PMC4439577 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2015.00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein disulphide isomerase (PDI) is a multifunctional redox chaperone of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Since it was first discovered 40 years ago the functions ascribed to PDI have evolved significantly and recent studies have recognized its distinct functions, with adverse as well as protective effects in disease. Furthermore, post translational modifications of PDI abrogate its normal functional roles in specific disease states. This review focusses on recent studies that have identified novel functions for PDI relevant to specific diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Parakh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Julie D Atkin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University Sydney, NSW, Australia ; Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University Bundoora, VIC, Australia
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Flaumenhaft R, Furie B, Zwicker JI. Therapeutic implications of protein disulfide isomerase inhibition in thrombotic disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:16-23. [PMID: 25104801 PMCID: PMC4270882 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.303410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The study of thrombus formation has increasingly applied in vivo tools such as genetically modified mice and intravital microscopy to the evaluation of molecular and cellular mechanisms of thrombosis. Among several unexpected findings of this approach was the discovery that protein disulfide isomerase serves an essential role in thrombus formation at sites of vascular injury. The observation that the commonly ingested quercetin flavonoid, quercetin-3-rutinoside, inhibits protein disulfide isomerase and blocks thrombus formation in preclinical studies has set the stage for clinical trials using protein disulfide isomerase antagonists as antithrombotics. Although the mechanisms by which protein disulfide isomerase facilitates platelet activation and fibrin formation have yet to be elucidated, protein disulfide isomerase antagonists are currently being developed as antithrombotics. This review will consider what is known about the role of protein disulfide isomerase in platelet accumulation and fibrin generation with a focus on pharmacological strategies for blocking protein disulfide isomerase activity in the context of thrombus formation. Potential indications and clinical trial design for testing the efficacy of protein disulfide isomerase inhibition to reduce the incidence of thrombosis will be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Flaumenhaft
- From the Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
| | - Bruce Furie
- From the Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jeffrey I Zwicker
- From the Division of Hemostasis and Thrombosis, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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21
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Xiao CW, Donak K, Ly O, Wood C, Cooke G, Curran I. Dietary soy isoflavones increased hepatic protein disulfide isomerase content and suppressed its enzymatic activity in rats. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2014; 239:707-14. [PMID: 24676904 DOI: 10.1177/1535370214527902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is a multifunctional protein and plays important roles in protein folding, triglyceride transfer, insulin degradation, and thyroid hormone transportation. This study examined the modulation of PDI expression by soy consumption using rat as a model. Sprague-Dawley male and female rats at 50 days (d) of age were fed diets containing either 20% casein or alcohol-washed soy protein isolate (SPI, containing 50 mg isoflavones (ISFs)/kg diet) or SPI plus ISF (250 mg/kg diet) and mated at age of 120 d. The offspring (F1) were fed the same diets as their parents. Addition of ISF to SPI diet markedly increased PDI protein content in the liver and testis of the adult rats compared with the casein or SPI diet. PDI mRNA abundance in the liver and protein content in the brain, thyroid, heart, and uterus were unchanged by the diets. Two-dimensional Western blot showed that the rats fed diets containing SPI had a diminished hepatic PDI protein with an isoelectric point (pI) of 6.12, a dephosphorylated form, compared with the rats fed diets containing either casein or SPI with supplemental ISF. Soy ISF added into SPI diet remarkably suppressed hepatic PDI activity of the rats compared with the casein diet. Moreover, soy ISF dose-dependently increased PDI and thyroid hormone receptor (TR) β protein content, whereas reduced TR DNA binding ability in human hepatocytes. Overall, this study shows that soy ISF increased hepatic PDI protein content, but addition of ISF into SPI diet inhibited its enzymatic activities and this effect may be mediated through a post-transcriptional mechanism.
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22
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Protein disulfide isomerase: a promising target for cancer therapy. Drug Discov Today 2014; 19:222-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2013.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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23
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Dihazi H, Dihazi GH, Bibi A, Eltoweissy M, Mueller CA, Asif AR, Rubel D, Vasko R, Mueller GA. Secretion of ERP57 is important for extracellular matrix accumulation and progression of renal fibrosis, and is an early sign of disease onset. J Cell Sci 2013; 126:3649-63. [PMID: 23781031 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.125088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is characterized by excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM), which compromises organ function by replacing normal organ tissue. The molecular mechanisms leading to renal fibrosis are not fully understood. Here we demonstrated that TGFβ1, AGT or PDGF stimulation of renal cells resulted in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress followed by activation of the protective unfolded protein response pathway and a high secretory level of protein disulfide isomerase ERP57 (also known as PDIA3). The TGFβ1-induced impairment of ER function could be reversed by treatment with BMP7, suggesting a specific involvement in renal fibrosis. A clear correlation between the degree of fibrosis, ER stress and the level of ERP57 could be seen in fibrosis animal models and in biopsies of renal fibrosis patients. Protein interaction studies revealed that secreted ERP57 exhibits a strong interaction with ECM proteins. Knockdown of ERP57 or antibody-targeted inhibition of the secreted form significantly impaired the secretion and accumulation of ECM. Moreover, ERP57 was excreted in the early stages of chronic kidney disease, and its level in urine correlated with the degree of renal fibrosis, suggesting that the secretion of ERP57 represents one of the first signs of renal fibrosis onset and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Dihazi
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Georg-August University Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075 Goettingen, Germany.
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Müller J, Hemphill A. New approaches for the identification of drug targets in protozoan parasites. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 301:359-401. [PMID: 23317822 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407704-1.00007-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Antiparasitic chemotherapy is an important issue for drug development. Traditionally, novel compounds with antiprotozoan activities have been identified by screening of compound libraries in high-throughput systems. More recently developed approaches employ target-based drug design supported by genomics and proteomics of protozoan parasites. In this chapter, the drug targets in protozoan parasites are reviewed. The gene-expression machinery has been among the first targets for antiparasitic drugs and is still under investigation as a target for novel compounds. Other targets include cytoskeletal proteins, proteins involved in intracellular signaling, membranes, and enzymes participating in intermediary metabolism. In apicomplexan parasites, the apicoplast is a suitable target for established and novel drugs. Some drugs act on multiple subcellular targets. Drugs with nitro groups generate free radicals under anaerobic growth conditions, and drugs with peroxide groups generate radicals under aerobic growth conditions, both affecting multiple cellular pathways. Mefloquine and thiazolides are presented as examples for antiprotozoan compounds with multiple (side) effects. The classic approach of drug discovery employing high-throughput physiological screenings followed by identification of drug targets has yielded the mainstream of current antiprotozoal drugs. Target-based drug design supported by genomics and proteomics of protozoan parasites has not produced any antiparasitic drug so far. The reason for this is discussed and a synthesis of both methods is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Müller
- Institute of Parasitology, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland.
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Hashimoto S, Imaoka S. Protein-disulfide isomerase regulates the thyroid hormone receptor-mediated gene expression via redox factor-1 through thiol reduction-oxidation. J Biol Chem 2012; 288:1706-16. [PMID: 23148211 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.365239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein-disulfide isomerase (PDI) is a dithiol/disulfide oxidoreductase that regulates the redox state of proteins. We previously found that overexpression of PDI in rat pituitary tumor (GH3) cells suppresses 3,3',5-triiodothyronine (T(3))-stimulated growth hormone (GH) expression, suggesting the contribution of PDI to the T(3)-mediated gene expression via thyroid hormone receptor (TR). In the present study, we have clarified the mechanism of regulation by which TR function is regulated by PDI. Overexpression of wild-type but not redox-inactive mutant PDI suppressed the T(3)-induced GH expression, suggesting that the redox activity of PDI contributes to the suppression of GH. We considered that PDI regulates the redox state of the TR and focused on redox factor-1 (Ref-1) as a mediator of the redox regulation of TR by PDI. Interaction between Ref-1 and TRβ1 was detected. Overexpression of wild-type but not C64S Ref-1 facilitated the GH expression, suggesting that redox activity of Cys-64 in Ref-1 is involved in the TR-mediated gene expression. Moreover, PDI interacted with Ref-1 and changed the redox state of Ref-1, suggesting that PDI controls the redox state of Ref-1. Our studies suggested that Ref-1 contributes to TR-mediated gene expression and that the redox state of Ref-1 is regulated by PDI. Redox regulation of PDI via Ref-1 is a new aspect of PDI function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Hashimoto
- Research Center for Environmental Bioscience and Department of Bioscience, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Hyogo, Sanda 669-1337, Japan
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Discovery of an orally active small-molecule irreversible inhibitor of protein disulfide isomerase for ovarian cancer treatment. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:16348-53. [PMID: 22988091 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1205226109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), an endoplasmic reticulum chaperone protein, catalyzes disulfide bond breakage, formation, and rearrangement. The effect of PDI inhibition on ovarian cancer progression is not yet clear, and there is a need for potent, selective, and safe small-molecule inhibitors of PDI. Here, we report a class of propynoic acid carbamoyl methyl amides (PACMAs) that are active against a panel of human ovarian cancer cell lines. Using fluorescent derivatives, 2D gel electrophoresis, and MS, we established that PACMA 31, one of the most active analogs, acts as an irreversible small-molecule inhibitor of PDI, forming a covalent bond with the active site cysteines of PDI. We also showed that PDI activity is essential for the survival and proliferation of human ovarian cancer cells. In vivo, PACMA 31 showed tumor targeting ability and significantly suppressed ovarian tumor growth without causing toxicity to normal tissues. These irreversible small-molecule PDI inhibitors represent an important approach for the development of targeted anticancer agents for ovarian cancer therapy, and they can also serve as useful probes for investigating the biology of PDI-implicated pathways.
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Morris KL, Zemel MB. 1, 25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3Modulation of Adipocyte Glucocorticoid Function. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 13:670-7. [PMID: 15897475 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2005.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 dose dependently increases intracellular calcium in human adipocytes. We have demonstrated that suppression of circulating 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 levels by increasing dietary calcium reduces adipocyte intracellular calcium and reduces adiposity in both humans and rodents, with preferential loss of trunk fat. Autocrine production of cortisol by adipocytes of mice overexpressing 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11beta-HSD 1) in adipose tissue increases visceral adiposity, whereas knockout of 11beta-HSD 1 appears to attenuate truncal obesity. Accordingly, our objective was to investigate the role of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in the modulation of adipocyte glucocorticoid metabolism. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES We examined the effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 or angiotensin II on cortisol production and expression using real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction of 11beta-HSD 1, angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1), and AT2 receptor in human adipocytes. RESULTS Adipocytes produced negligible cortisol in the absence of substrate (cortisone). In the presence of cortisone (1 to 10 nM), there was significant cortisol production, which was dose dependently augmented (2- to 6-fold, p < 0.001) by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (0.1 to 10 nM). 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 dose dependently increased 11beta-HSD 1 expression up to 2-fold (p < 0.01) in both the presence and absence of cortisone. In contrast, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 dose dependently decreased adipocyte AT1 expression (by 30% to 50%, p < 0.001) in both the presence and absence of cortisone, suggesting compensatory down-regulation of AT(1). DISCUSSION We conclude that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 directly regulates adipocyte 11beta-HSD 1 expression and, consequently, local cortisol levels and that this may contribute to the preferential loss of visceral adiposity by high-calcium diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin L Morris
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee, Room 229, Jessie Harris Building, 1215 West Cumberland Avenue, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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Nemere I, Garbi N, Hammerling G, Hintze KJ. Role of the 1,25D3-MARRS receptor in the 1,25(OH)2D3-stimulated uptake of calcium and phosphate in intestinal cells. Steroids 2012; 77:897-902. [PMID: 22546984 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2012.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2011] [Revised: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 04/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We have used mice with a targeted knockout (KO) of the 1,25D(3)-MARRS receptor (ERp57/PDIA3) in intestine to study rapid responses to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) [1,25D(3)] with regards to calcium or phosphate uptake. Western analyses indicated the presence of the 1,25D(3)-MARRS receptor in littermate (LM) mice, but not KO mice. Saturation analyses for [(3)H]1,25D(3) binding revealed comparable affinities for the hormone in lysates from female and male LM, but a reduced B(max) in females. Binding in lysates from KO mice was absent or severely reduced. Enterocytes from KO mice failed to respond to hormone with regard to either ion uptake, while cells from LM mice exhibited an increase in uptake. For calcium uptake, the protein kinase (PK) A pathway mediated the response to 1,25D(3). Enterocytes from LM mice responded to 1,25D(3) with enhanced PKA activity, while cells from KO mice did not, although both cell types responded to forskolin. Calcium transport in LM mice in vivo was greater than in KO mice. Cells from LM and KO mice had cell surface VDR; however, anti-VDR antibodies had no effect on ion uptake. Unlike chicks, the PKC pathway was not involved in phosphate uptake. As in chicks and rats, intestinal cells from adult male mice lost the ability to respond to 1,25D(3) with enhanced phosphate uptake, whereas in female mice, uptake in cells from adults was greater than that observed in young mice. Finally, when we tested phosphate uptake in vivo, we found that young female mice had a much greater rate of transport than young male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilka Nemere
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, United States.
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Hashimoto S, Ito L, Okumura M, Shibano T, Nawata M, Kumasaka T, Yamaguchi H, Imaoka S. Crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of the complex between triiodothyronine and the bb' fragment of rat protein disulfide isomerase. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2012; 68:476-8. [PMID: 22505424 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309112007439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2011] [Accepted: 02/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is a multifunctional protein that catalyzes the formation of a disulfide bond in nascent and misfolded proteins and is also known to bind to the thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3). When T3 is bound to PDI its catalytic activity is inhibited, but the biological function of this binding is not well understood. In previous studies, it was found that T3 binds to the bb' fragment of PDI. Therefore, to clarify the structure of the complex consisting of PDI bound to T3, a crystallographic analysis of the three-dimensional structure of the T3-rat PDI bb' complex was performed. Native bb' crystals and T3-bb' complex crystals were both obtained using the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion technique with 1.6 M trisodium citrate pH 6.2 as a precipitant. The space group of the native bb' crystals was found to be C222, with unit-cell parameters a = 94.8, b = 114.9, c = 182.9 Å, while the space group of the T3-bb' complex crystals was P2(1)2(1)2(1), with unit-cell parameters a = 99.9, b = 184.5, c = 232.2 Å. Diffraction data for the native and complex crystals were collected to resolutions of 3.06 and 3.00 Å, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Hashimoto
- School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
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Talakhun W, Roytrakul S, Phaonakrop N, Kittisenachai S, Khamnamtong B, Klinbunga S, Menasveta P. Identification of reproduction-related proteins and characterization of the protein disulfide isomerase A6 cDNA in ovaries of the giant tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2012; 7:180-90. [PMID: 22406237 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2012.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Revised: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Proteomic analysis was carried out for identification of proteins functionally involved in ovarian development of the giant tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon). A total of 335 protein spots including 183 spots from vitellogenic (stage II) and 152 spots from mature (stage IV) ovaries of intact P. monodon broodstock were examined. Of these, 75 (40.98%) and 59 (38.82%) spots significantly matched known proteins in the databases, respectively. In addition, 270 protein spots including 167 and 103 spots from respective ovarian stages of eyestalk-ablated broodstock were also characterized. A total of 95 (56.89%) and 62 (60.19%) spots matched known proteins, respectively. Among differentially expressed reproduction-related proteins, the full-length cDNA of protein disulfide isomerase A6 (PmPDIA6) was further characterized by RACE-PCR. PmPDIA6 was 1946bp in length containing an open reading frame (ORF) of 1293bp corresponding to a polypeptide of 430 amino acids. PmPDIA6 was up-regulated at stage III ovaries in intact shrimp (P<0.05). Interestingly, eyestalk ablation resulted in a lower expression level of PmPDIA6 in each stage of ovarian development compared to that of intact broodstock (P<0.05). Results in this study clearly indicated the potential of cellular proteomic studies and gene expression analysis for identification of proteins/genes differentially expressed during ovarian development of P. monodon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Witchulada Talakhun
- Program in Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Calderon MN, Guerrero CA, Acosta O, Lopez S, Arias CF. Inhibiting rotavirus infection by membrane-impermeant thiol/disulfide exchange blockers and antibodies against protein disulfide isomerase. Intervirology 2012; 55:451-64. [PMID: 22398681 DOI: 10.1159/000335262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2010] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Determining the effect of membrane-impermeant thiol/disulfide exchange inhibitors on rhesus rotavirus infectivity in MA104 cells and investigating protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) as a potential target for these inhibitors. METHODS Cells were treated with DTNB [5,5-dithio-bis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid)], bacitracin or anti-PDI antibodies and then infected with virus. Triple-layered particles (TLPs) were also pretreated with inhibitors before inoculation. The effects of these inhibitors on α-sarcin co-entry, virus binding to cells and PDI-TLP interaction were also examined. FACS analysis, cell-surface protein biotin-labeling, lipid-raft isolation and ELISA were performed to determine cell-surface PDI expression. RESULTS Infectivity became reduced by 50% when cells or TLPs were treated with 1 or 6 mM DTNB, respectively; infectivity became reduced by 50% by 20 mM bacitracin treatment of cells whereas TLPs were insensitive to bacitracin treatment; anti-PDI antibodies decreased viral infectivity by about 45%. The presence of DTNB (2.5 mM) or bacitracin (20 mM) was unable to prevent virus binding to cells and rotavirus-induced α-sarcin co-entry. CONCLUSIONS It was concluded that thiol/disulfide exchange was involved in rotavirus entry process and that cell-surface PDI was at least a potential target for DTNB and bacitracin-induced infectivity inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha N Calderon
- Chemistry Department, Science Faculty, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
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Hashimoto S, Yoshimura H, Okada K, Uramaru N, Sugihara K, Kitamura S, Imaoka S. Effects of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and their derivatives on protein disulfide isomerase activity and growth hormone release of GH3 cells. Chem Res Toxicol 2012; 25:656-63. [PMID: 22201216 DOI: 10.1021/tx200374s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have been used in a variety of consumer products such as flame retardants and recently have been known to be widespread environmental pollutants, which probably affect biological functions of mammalian cells. However, the risk posed by PBDE metabolites has not been clarified. Our previous study suggested that bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine-disrupting chemical, binds to protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) and inhibits its activity. PDI is an isomerase enzyme in the endoplasmic reticulum and facilitates the formation or cleavage of disulfide bonds. PDI consists of a, b, b', and a' domains and the c region, with the a and a' domains having isomerase active sites. In the present study, we tested the effects of 10 kinds of PBDE compounds and their metabolites on PDI. OH-PBDEs specifically inhibited the isomerase activity of PDI, with 4'-OH-PBDE more effective than 2' (or 2)-OH-PBDEs. 4'-OH-PBDE inhibited the isomerase activity of the b'a'c fragment but not that of ab and a'c, suggesting that the b' domain of PDI is essential for the inhibition by 4'-OH-PBDE. We also investigated the effects of these chemicals on the production of growth hormone (GH) in GH3 cells. In GH3 cells, levels of mRNA and protein of GH stimulated by T(3) were reduced by 4'-OH-PBDE and 4'-MeO-PBDE. The reduction in GH expression caused by these compounds was not changed by the overexpression or knockdown of PDI in GH3 cells, while these manipulations of PDI levels significantly suppressed the expression of GH. These results suggest that the biological effects of PBDEs differed depending on their brominated and hydroxylated positions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Hashimoto
- Research Center for Environmental Bioscience and Department of Bioscience, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda 669-1337, Japan
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Characterization of the estradiol-binding site structure of human protein disulfide isomerase (PDI). PLoS One 2011; 6:e27185. [PMID: 22073283 PMCID: PMC3207843 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Accepted: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Earlier studies showed that 17β-estradiol (E2), an endogenous female sex hormone, can bind to human protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), a protein folding catalyst for disulfide bond formation and rearrangement. This binding interaction can modulate the intracellular levels of E2 and its biological actions. However, the structure of PDI's E2-binding site is still unclear at present, which is the focus of this study. Methodology/Principal Findings The E2-binding site structure of human PDI was studied by using various biochemical approaches coupled with radiometric receptor-binding assays, site-directed mutagenesis, and molecular computational modeling. Analysis of various PDI protein fragments showed that the [3H]E2-binding activity is not associated with the single b or b' domain but is associated with the b-b' domain combination. Computational docking analyses predicted that the E2-binding site is located in a hydrophobic pocket composed mainly of the b' domain and partially of the b domain. A hydrogen bond, formed between the 3-hydroxyl group of E2 and His256 of PDI is critical for the binding interaction. This binding model was jointly confirmed by a series of detailed experiments, including site-directed mutagenesis of the His256 residue coupled with selective modifications of the ligand structures to alter the binding interaction. Conclusions/Significance The results of this study elucidated the structural basis for the PDI–E2 binding interaction and the reservoir role of PDI in modulating the intracellular E2 levels. The identified PDI E2-binding site is quite different from its known peptide binding sites. Given that PDI is a potential therapeutic target for cancer chemotherapy and HIV prevention and that E2 can inhibit PDI activity in vitro, the E2-binding site structure of human PDI determined here offers structural insights which may aid in the rational design of novel PDI inhibitors.
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Sodium arsenite dependent protein expression analysis on human embryonic carcinoma (NCCIT) cell line. Toxicol Lett 2011; 207:149-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2010] [Revised: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Hashimoto S, Shiomoto K, Okada K, Imaoka S. The binding site of bisphenol A to protein disulphide isomerase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 151:35-45. [DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvr122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Aran A, Lin L, Finn LA, Weiner K, Peppard P, Young T, Mignot E. Post-streptococcal antibodies are associated with metabolic syndrome in a population-based cohort. PLoS One 2011; 6:e25017. [PMID: 21949836 PMCID: PMC3176794 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Streptococcal infections are known to trigger autoimmune disorders, affecting millions worldwide. Recently, we found an association between post-streptococcal autoantibodies against Protein Disulphide Isomerase (PDI), an enzyme involved in insulin degradation and insulin resistance. This led us to evaluate associations between post-streptococcal antibodies and metabolic syndrome, as defined by the updated National Cholesterol Education Program definition, 2005. METHODS AND FINDINGS Metabolic data (HDL, triglycerides, fasting glucose, blood pressure, waist circumference, BMI, smoking), post-streptococcal antibodies (anti-Streptolysin O (ASO) and anti-PDI), and C-reactive protein (CRP, as a general inflammatory marker), were assessed in 1156 participants of the Wisconsin Sleep Cohort Study. Anti-PDI antibodies were found in 308 participants (26.6%), ASO≥100 in 258 (22.3%), and 482 (41.7%) met diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome. Anti-PDI antibodies but not ASO were significantly associated with metabolic syndrome [n = 1156, OR 1.463 (95% CI 1.114, 1.920), p = 0.0062; adjusted for age, gender, education, smoking]. Importantly, the anti-PDI-metabolic syndrome association remained significant after adjusting for CRP and fasting insulin. CONCLUSIONS Post-streptococcal anti-PDI antibodies are associated with metabolic syndrome regardless of fasting insulin and CRP levels. Whereas these data are in line with a growing body of evidence linking infections, immunity and metabolism, additional studies are necessary to establish the post-streptococcal-metabolic syndrome association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Aran
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
- Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ling Lin
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Laurel Ann Finn
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United State of America
| | - Karin Weiner
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Paul Peppard
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United State of America
| | - Terry Young
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United State of America
| | - Emmanuel Mignot
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America
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Rosewell K, Al-Alem L, Li F, Kelty B, Curry TE. Identification of hepsin and protein disulfide isomerase A3 as targets of gelatinolytic action in rat ovarian granulosa cells during the periovulatory period. Biol Reprod 2011; 85:858-66. [PMID: 21734266 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.111.092072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family is believed to play a role in the ovulatory process because MMP inhibitors block oocyte release. However, little is known about the mechanisms by which the MMPs affect ovulation. The present study investigated the degradomic actions of the gelatinases, MMP2 and MMP9, by identifying gelatinolytic targets in periovulatory granulosa cells. Granulosa cells were collected from immature rats 48 h after equine chorionic gonadotropin treatment and were cultured with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in the absence or presence of a specific MMP2/9 inhibitor ((2R)-2-[(4-biphenylylsulfonyl)amino]-3-phenylpropionic acid) for an additional 24 h. The conditioned media was analyzed for gelatinolytic activity, progesterone, and peptide profiles. Gelatinolytic activity and progesterone were induced in response to hCG; however, there was no difference in progesterone between cells treated with or without the inhibitor. Peptide fragments of proteins altered in the presence of the gelatinase inhibitor were identified by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Protein disulfide isomerase A3 (PDIA3), which plays a role in protein folding, was identified as a peptide that decreased in the presence of inhibitor while the serine protease hepsin, was found to increase with inhibitor treatment. Subsequent experiments established that PDIA3 and hepsin were targets of MMP2/9 action by cleavage with MMP2 and Western blot analysis, respectively. Additionally, hepsin was identified as a gelatinolytic target in ovarian cancer cells. In the present study, proteomics has identified proteins that may be involved in novel ways in the complex cascades that are mediated by gelatinolytic MMPs during the periovulatory period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Rosewell
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0298, USA
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Visser WE, van Mullem AAA, Jansen J, Visser TJ. The thyroid hormone transporters MCT8 and MCT10 transport the affinity-label N-bromoacetyl-[(125)I]T3 but are not modified by it. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2011; 337:96-100. [PMID: 21315799 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2010] [Revised: 02/03/2011] [Accepted: 02/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (TH) transporter proteins mediate transport of TH across the plasma membrane, thereby facilitating its intracellular bioavailability. As only a few transporters have been identified which are relatively specific for TH, including monocarboxylate transporter (MCT) 8 and MCT10, the need for identification of novel specific TH transporters is obvious. A possible strategy to identify TH transporters is their modification with a ligand-derived affinity-label and subsequent identification by mass spectrometry. Previously, N-bromoacetyl (BrAc)-iodothyronines have been reported as useful affinity-labels for human (h) MCT8. In the present study we reinvestigated possible BrAc[(125)I]T3-labeling of hMCT8 and hMCT10. The present study demonstrates that hMCT8 and hMCT10 both facilitate BrAc[(125)I]T3 transport, but are not labeled by BrAc[(125)I]T3. We provide evidence that human protein disulfide isomerase, which molecular mass is similar to hMCT8, is labeled by BrAc[(125)I]T3. In addition, differential inhibitory effects were observed of iodothyronines derivatives with different side chains on T3 transport by hMCT8 and hMCT10. In conclusion, we demonstrated that not hMCT8 and hMCT10, but human protein disulfide isomerase, is labeled by BrAc[(125)I]T3. The usefulness of BrAc[(125)I]T3 as a tool for the identification of novel TH transporters remains to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Edward Visser
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Dr Molewaterplein, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Khan MMG, Simizu S, Lai NS, Kawatani M, Shimizu T, Osada H. Discovery of a small molecule PDI inhibitor that inhibits reduction of HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120. ACS Chem Biol 2011; 6:245-51. [PMID: 21121641 DOI: 10.1021/cb100387r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is a promiscuous protein with multifunctional properties. PDI mediates proper protein folding by oxidation or isomerization and disrupts disulfide bonds by reduction. The entry of HIV-1 into cells is facilitated by the PDI-catalyzed reductive cleavage of disulfide bonds in gp120. PDI is regarded as a potential drug target because of its reduction activity. We screened a chemical library of natural products for PDI-specific inhibitors in a high-throughput fashion and identified the natural compound juniferdin as the most potent inhibitor of PDI. Derivatives of juniferdin were synthesized, with compound 13 showing inhibitory activities comparable to those of juniferdin but reduced cytotoxicity. Both juniferdin and compound 13 inhibited PDI reductase activity in a dose-dependent manner, with IC(50) values of 156 and 167 nM, respectively. Our results also indicated that juniferdin and compound 13 exert their inhibitory activities specifically on PDI but do not significantly inhibit homologues of this protein family. Moreover, we found that both compounds can inhibit PDI-mediated reduction of HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maola M. G. Khan
- Chemical Library Validation Team, Chemical Biology Core Facility, Chemical Biology Department, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Saitama, Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Siro Simizu
- Chemical Library Validation Team, Chemical Biology Core Facility, Chemical Biology Department, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Saitama, Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ngit Shin Lai
- Chemical Library Validation Team, Chemical Biology Core Facility, Chemical Biology Department, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Saitama, Japan
| | - Makoto Kawatani
- Chemical Library Validation Team, Chemical Biology Core Facility, Chemical Biology Department, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Shimizu
- Chemical Library Validation Team, Chemical Biology Core Facility, Chemical Biology Department, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Osada
- Chemical Library Validation Team, Chemical Biology Core Facility, Chemical Biology Department, RIKEN Advanced Science Institute, Saitama, Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan
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Hassan MH, Alvarez E, Cahoreau C, Klett D, Lecompte F, Combarnous Y. Potentiation of the reductase activity of protein disulphide isomerase (PDI) by 19-nortestosterone, bacitracin, fluoxetine, and ammonium sulphate. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2011; 26:681-7. [PMID: 21250820 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2010.546794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein disulphide isomerase (PDI) in the endoplasmic reticulum catalyzes the rearrangement of disulphide bridges during folding of secreted proteins. It binds various molecules that inhibit its activity. But here, we looked for molecules that would potentiate its activity. PDI reductase activity was measured in vitro using di-eosin-oxidized glutathione as substrate. Its classical inhibitor bacitracin was found to exert a biphasic effect: stimulatory at low concentrations (∼10(-6) M) and inhibitory only at higher concentrations (∼10(-4)-10(-3) M). The weak oestrogenic molecule bisphenol A was found to exert a weak inhibitory effect on PDI reductase activity relative to the strong oestrogens, ethynylestradiol, and diethylstilbestrol. Like 19-nortestosterone, fluoxetine was found to exert a potentiating effect on PDI reductase activity and their potentiating effects could be reversed by increasing concentrations of oestrogens. In conclusion, this paper provides the first identification of potentiators of PDI activity that are potential pharmaceuticals against pathologies affecting protein folding such as Alzheimer's disease.
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Hashida T, Kotake Y, Ohta S. Protein disulfide isomerase knockdown-induced cell death is cell-line-dependent and involves apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. J Toxicol Sci 2011; 36:1-7. [DOI: 10.2131/jts.36.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyo Hashida
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Yaichiro Kotake
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University
| | - Shigeru Ohta
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University
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Chemical stress on protein disulfide isomerases and inhibition of their functions. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2011; 290:121-66. [PMID: 21875564 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-386037-8.00003-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is a folding assistant in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of eukaryotic cells. PDI has multiple roles, acting as a chaperone, a binding partner of other proteins, and a hormone reservoir as well as a disulfide isomerase in the formation of disulfide bonds. PDI only interacts covalently with the cysteines of its substrates, but also binds a variety of peptides/proteins and small chemical ligands such as thyroid hormone. Oxidative stress and nitrosative stress can cause damage to chaperones, protein misfolding, and neurodegenerative disease, by affecting the functional integrity of PDI. There are 20 putative PDI-family members in the ER of human cells, but their functional differentiation is far from complete. This review discusses recent advances in our understanding of the mammalian PDI family of enzymes and focuses on their functional properties and interaction with substrates and small chemical ligands.
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Fu XM, Wang P, Zhu BT. Characterization of the estradiol-binding site structure of human pancreas-specific protein disulfide isomerase: indispensable role of the hydrogen bond between His278 and the estradiol 3-hydroxyl group. Biochemistry 2010; 50:106-15. [PMID: 21080683 DOI: 10.1021/bi101451g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Estradiol (E(2)), a female sex hormone, has important biological functions. Human pancreas-specific protein disulfide isomerase (PDIp), a protein folding catalyst, was recently found to be able to bind E(2). Here we report the characterization of its E(2)-binding site by using biochemical methods coupled with molecular modeling tools. Analysis of various truncated PDIp proteins showed that the b-b' fragment contains an intact E(2)-binding site that has the same binding affinity as the full-length PDIp protein, with apparent K(d) values of approximately 170 nM. Computational modeling and docking analyses revealed that the E(2)-binding site in the b-b' fragment is located in a hydrophobic pocket composed mainly of the b' domain and partially of the b domain. The hydrogen bond, formed between the 3-hydroxyl group of E(2) (donor) and PDIp's His278 (acceptor), is indispensable for its binding. By contrast, the 17β-hydroxyl group of E(2) is of negligible importance for E(2) binding. This binding model was jointly confirmed by a series of experiments, such as selective mutation of the binding site amino acid residues and selective modification of the ligand structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Miao Fu
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, United States
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Nemere I, Garbi N, Hämmerling GJ, Khanal RC. Intestinal cell calcium uptake and the targeted knockout of the 1,25D3-MARRS (membrane-associated, rapid response steroid-binding) receptor/PDIA3/Erp57. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:31859-66. [PMID: 20682787 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.116954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We have crossed ERp57(flx/flx) mice with commercially available mice expressing villin-driven cre-recombinase. Lysates of intestinal epithelial cells were prepared from knock-out (KO) mice and littermates (LM) and used in Western blot analyses with Ab099 against the N terminus of the 1,25D(3)-MARRS (membrane-associated, rapid response steroid-binding) receptor: LM mice exhibited one positive band, which was absent in preparations from KO mice. Saturation analyses of cell lysates with [(3)H]1,25D(3) revealed negligible binding in preparations from either female or male KOs. Lysates from female and male LM mice had similar affinities but different numbers of binding sites. Isolated enterocytes were tested for steroid-stimulated calcium uptake. Treatment of cells from female or male LM mice with 1,25D(3) elicited enhanced calcium uptake in females and males within 5 min. Intestinal cells from KO mice exhibited a severely blunted or completely absent response to hormone. Confocal microscopy of intestinal cells revealed the presence of cell surface vitamin D receptors. However, antibodies to the vitamin D receptor failed to block 1,25D(3)-stimulated calcium uptake. In chick enterocytes we have found that the PKA pathway mediates calcium uptake. The time course for activation of PKA in mouse enterocytes paralleled that for enhanced calcium uptake and for LM females reached 250% of controls within 5 min, and 150% of controls in cells prepared from LM males. Enterocytes from female or male KO mice failed to exhibit steroid hormone-stimulated PKA activity, but did respond to forskolin with enhanced calcium uptake. We conclude that the 1,25D(3)-MARRS receptor is of central importance to steroid hormone-stimulated calcium uptake in mammalian intestinal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilka Nemere
- Department of Nutrition, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, USA.
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Effect of pharmaceutical potential endocrine disruptor compounds on protein disulfide isomerase reductase activity using di-eosin-oxidized-glutathione. PLoS One 2010; 5:e9507. [PMID: 20209080 PMCID: PMC2831067 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0009507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2009] [Accepted: 02/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Protein Disulfide Isomerase (PDI) in the endoplasmic reticulum of all cells catalyzes the rearrangement of disulfide bridges during folding of membrane and secreted proteins. As PDI is also known to bind various molecules including hormones such as estradiol and thyroxin, we considered the hypothesis that adverse effects of endocrine-disrupter compounds (EDC) could be mediated through their interaction with PDI leading to defects in membrane or secreted proteins. Methodology/Principal Findings Taking advantage of the recent description of the fluorescence self quenched substrate di-eosin-oxidized-glutathion (DiE-GSSG), we determined kinetically the effects of various potential pharmaceutical EDCs on the in-vitro reductase activity of bovine liver PDI by measuring the fluorescence of the reaction product (E-GSH). Our data show that estrogens (ethynylestradiol and bisphenol-A) as well as indomethacin exert an inhibition whereas medroxyprogesteroneacetate and nortestosterone exert a potentiation of bovine PDI reductase activity. Conclusions The present data indicate that the tested EDCs could not only affect endocrine target cells through nuclear receptors as previously shown, but could also affect these and all other cells by positively or negatively affecting PDI activity. The substrate DiE-GSSG has been demonstrated to be a convenient substrate to measure PDI reductase activity in the presence of various potential EDCs. It will certainely be usefull for the screening of potential effect of all kinds of chemicals on PDI reductase activity.
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Alloza I, Vandenbroeck K. The metallopeptide antibiotic bacitracin inhibits interleukin-12 αβ and β2 secretion. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 57:213-8. [PMID: 15720785 DOI: 10.1211/0022357055443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The metalloantibiotic bacitracin is a known inhibitor of protein disulfide isomerase (PDI). The disulfide-linked interleukin-12 (IL-12) αβ-heterodimer and β2-homodimer forms are crucial mediators of cell-mediated immune responses and inflammatory reactions. Bacitracin was found to potently block secretion of both the αβ- and β2-dimer forms of IL-12, while it did not affect secretion of the β-monomer. This inhibition coincided with a reduction in the intracellular amount of PDI found in complex with the β-chain during intracellular transit. Bacitracin did not affect mRNA levels of the α- and β-chain. Similar to bacitracin, N-acetylcysteine blocked αβ- and β2-secretion as well as PDI-β-chain complex formation. Thus, blocking PDI or shifting the endoplasmic reticulum towards a more reduced status disrupts the oxidative folding pathway or assembly of IL-12 dimer forms. The assembly stage of cytokines in the endoplasmic reticulum may represent a novel target for pharmacological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Alloza
- Applied Genomics Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen's University of Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
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Okada K, Hashimoto S, Imaoka S. Biological Functions of Protein Disulfide Isomerase as a Target of Phenolic Endocrine-disrupting Chemicals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1248/jhs.56.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazushi Okada
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center and Department of Bioscience, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University
| | - Shoko Hashimoto
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center and Department of Bioscience, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University
| | - Susumu Imaoka
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center and Department of Bioscience, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University
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Malinowska K, Cavarretta IT, Susani M, Wrulich OA, Uberall F, Kenner L, Culig Z. Identification of mu-crystallin as an androgen-regulated gene in human prostate cancer. Prostate 2009; 69:1109-18. [PMID: 19353593 DOI: 10.1002/pros.20956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Androgen receptor (AR) signaling is implicated in prostate cancer progression. Therefore, identification of AR downstream genes is potentially important for selection of novel markers and therapy targets in prostate cancer. METHODS Expression of a thyroid hormone T3-binding protein mu-crystallin (CRYM) mRNA and protein in cell lines was evaluated by real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively. CRYM expression in vivo was analyzed in patients' samples by immunohistochemistry. The effects of androgen and T3 on proliferation of MDA PCa 2b cells were assessed by (3)H-thymidine uptake assay. RESULTS CRYM expression was detected in AR-positive LNCaP and MDA PCa 2b cells. In MDA PCA 2b cells, CRYM was regulated by androgens. Androgen-induced CRYM expression was diminished by antiandrogens or AR siRNA. Inhibition of transcription by alpha-amanitin caused a reduction in CRYM mRNA. The lack of CRYM expression was noted in LAPC-4 cells and in AR-negative prostate cancer cell lines PC-3 and DU-145. CRYM protein was increased in cancer tissue and decreased in samples from patients after hormonal therapy. In samples from patients with therapy-refractory cancer CRYM was not detectable. We also found that androgens and T3 have additive effects on stimulation of MDA PCa 2b cells proliferation. CONCLUSION CRYM is a novel androgen-regulated gene whose expression is elevated in prostate cancer but down-regulated in castration therapy-resistant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamilla Malinowska
- Department of Urology and Biocenter, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
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Fu X, Zhu BT. Human pancreas-specific protein disulfide isomerase homolog (PDIp) is an intracellular estrogen-binding protein that modulates estrogen levels and actions in target cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2009; 115:20-9. [PMID: 19429457 PMCID: PMC2680768 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2009.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2008] [Revised: 02/05/2009] [Accepted: 02/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Earlier studies showed that protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), a well-known protein folding catalyst, can bind estrogens. Whether other PDI homologs can also bind estrogens, and if so, what are the biological functions of this unique property are not known at present and thus are the subjects of our present investigation. Here we report that, of the six representative PDI homologs examined (human PDI, PDIp, ERp57, ERp72, PDIA6 and rat PDIr), only the human pancreas-specific PDI homolog (PDIp) had a similar binding affinity for radiolabeled 17beta-estradiol (E(2)) as did PDI, with apparent K(d) values of 1.5+/-0.3 and 1.5+/-0.2microM, respectively. However, PDIp and PDI had distinctly different binding preference for several estrogen analogs. Moreover, we found that PDIp could serve as a high-capacity intracellular E(2)-binding protein and could modulate the intracellular concentrations of E(2) in cultured mammalian cells as well as in human pancreatic tissue. The PDIp-bound E(2) in a cell could be released following a drop in the extracellular E(2) concentrations, and the released E(2) could then augment estrogen receptor-mediated transcriptional activity. Notably, the estrogen receptor alpha and beta were also found to be expressed in rodent and human pancreatic tissues where high levels of PDIp were detected. Altogether, these data show that, in addition to its well-documented function as a protein folding catalyst, PDIp can also serve as an effective modulator of the cellular levels and biological actions of endogenous estrogens in certain target sites (such as the pancreas) where estrogen receptors and PDIp are co-present.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bao Ting Zhu
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at the Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, MS-1018, room KLSIC-4061, 2146 W. 39th Ave, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA. PHONE: 913-588-9842. FAX: 913-588-7501. E-MAIL:
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Okada K, Hashimoto S, Funae Y, Imaoka S. Hydroxylated Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) Interact with Protein Disulfide Isomerase and Inhibit Its Activity. Chem Res Toxicol 2009; 22:899-904. [DOI: 10.1021/tx800476j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazushi Okada
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center and Department of Bioscience, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan, and Department of Chemical Biology, Osaka City University Medical School, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Shoko Hashimoto
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center and Department of Bioscience, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan, and Department of Chemical Biology, Osaka City University Medical School, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Funae
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center and Department of Bioscience, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan, and Department of Chemical Biology, Osaka City University Medical School, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Susumu Imaoka
- Nanobiotechnology Research Center and Department of Bioscience, School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan, and Department of Chemical Biology, Osaka City University Medical School, 1-4-3 Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
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