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Zhang XY, Li YY, Huang HX, Zhao CC, Lei XX, Zhao BP, Lu JY, Lan T, Sun WC. Seneca Valley virus 3C pro antagonizes host innate immune responses and programmed cell death. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1235620. [PMID: 37869659 PMCID: PMC10588452 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1235620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Seneca Valley virus (SVV), a member of the Picornaviridae family, may cause serious water blister diseases in pregnant sows and acute death in newborn piglets, which have resulted in economic losses in pig production. The 3C protease is a vital enzyme for SVV maturation and is capable of regulating protein cleavage and RNA replication of the virus. Additionally, this protease can impede the host's innate immune response by targeting the interferon pathway's principal factor and enhance virus replication by modulating the host's RNA metabolism while simultaneously triggering programmed cell death. This article reviews recent studies on SVV 3C functions, which include viral replication promotion, cell apoptosis modulation and host immune response evasion, and provides a theoretical basis for research on preventing and controlling SVV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-yu Zhang
- Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yu-ying Li
- Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hai-xin Huang
- Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Chen-chen Zhao
- Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiao-xiao Lei
- Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Bao-peng Zhao
- Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jing-yi Lu
- Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Tian Lan
- Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wen-chao Sun
- Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
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2
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Touil Y, Latreche-Carton C, Bouazzati HE, Nugues AL, Jouy N, Thuru X, Laine W, Lepretre F, Figeac M, Tardivel M, Kluza J, Idziorek T, Quesnel B. p65/RelA NF-κB fragments generated by RIPK3 activity regulate tumorigenicity, cell metabolism, and stemness characteristics. J Cell Biochem 2021; 123:543-556. [PMID: 34927768 PMCID: PMC9299825 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Receptor‐interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) can induce necroptosis, apoptosis, or cell proliferation and is silenced in several hematological malignancies. We previously reported that RIPK3 activity independent of its kinase domain induces caspase‐mediated p65/RelA cleavage, resulting in N‐terminal 1‐361 and C‐terminal 362‐549 fragments. We show here that a noncleavable p65/RelA D361E mutant expressed in DA1‐3b leukemia cells decreases mouse survival times and that coexpression of p65/RelA fragments increases the tumorigenicity of B16F1 melanoma cells. This aggressiveness in vivo did not correlate with NF‐κB activity measured in vitro. The fragments and p65/RelA D361E mutant induced different expression profiles in DA1‐3b and B16F1 cells. Stemness markers were affected: p65/RelA D361E increased ALDH activity in DA1‐3b cells, and fragment expression increased melanoma sphere formation in B16/F1 cells. p65/RelA fragments and the D361E noncleavable mutant decreased oxidative or glycolytic cell metabolism, with differences observed between models. Thus, p65/RelA cleavage initiated by kinase‐independent RIPK3 activity in cancer cells is not neutral and induces pleiotropic effects in vitro and in vivo that may vary across tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine Touil
- CANTHER, UMR 1277 Inserm - 9020 CNRS, University of Lille, Lille, France.,Institut pour la Recherche sur le Cancer de Lille, UMR 1277 Inserm - 9020 CNRS, Lille, France
| | - Céline Latreche-Carton
- CANTHER, UMR 1277 Inserm - 9020 CNRS, University of Lille, Lille, France.,Institut pour la Recherche sur le Cancer de Lille, UMR 1277 Inserm - 9020 CNRS, Lille, France
| | - Hassiba El Bouazzati
- CANTHER, UMR 1277 Inserm - 9020 CNRS, University of Lille, Lille, France.,Institut pour la Recherche sur le Cancer de Lille, UMR 1277 Inserm - 9020 CNRS, Lille, France
| | - Anne-Lucie Nugues
- CANTHER, UMR 1277 Inserm - 9020 CNRS, University of Lille, Lille, France.,Institut pour la Recherche sur le Cancer de Lille, UMR 1277 Inserm - 9020 CNRS, Lille, France
| | - Nathalie Jouy
- UMS 2014 CNRS/US 41 Inserm, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Xavier Thuru
- CANTHER, UMR 1277 Inserm - 9020 CNRS, University of Lille, Lille, France.,Institut pour la Recherche sur le Cancer de Lille, UMR 1277 Inserm - 9020 CNRS, Lille, France
| | - William Laine
- CANTHER, UMR 1277 Inserm - 9020 CNRS, University of Lille, Lille, France.,Institut pour la Recherche sur le Cancer de Lille, UMR 1277 Inserm - 9020 CNRS, Lille, France
| | | | - Martin Figeac
- UMS 2014 CNRS/US 41 Inserm, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Meryem Tardivel
- UMS 2014 CNRS/US 41 Inserm, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Jérôme Kluza
- CANTHER, UMR 1277 Inserm - 9020 CNRS, University of Lille, Lille, France.,Institut pour la Recherche sur le Cancer de Lille, UMR 1277 Inserm - 9020 CNRS, Lille, France
| | - Thierry Idziorek
- CANTHER, UMR 1277 Inserm - 9020 CNRS, University of Lille, Lille, France.,Institut pour la Recherche sur le Cancer de Lille, UMR 1277 Inserm - 9020 CNRS, Lille, France
| | - Bruno Quesnel
- CANTHER, UMR 1277 Inserm - 9020 CNRS, University of Lille, Lille, France.,Institut pour la Recherche sur le Cancer de Lille, UMR 1277 Inserm - 9020 CNRS, Lille, France.,Service des Maladies du Sang, CHU Lille, Lille, France
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3
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Kumari M, Krishnamurthy PT, Sola P. Targeted Drug Therapy to Overcome Chemoresistance in Triple-negative Breast Cancer. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2021; 20:559-572. [PMID: 32370716 DOI: 10.2174/1568009620666200506110850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive and prevailing breast cancer subtype. The chemotherapeutics used in the treatment of TNBC suffer from chemoresistance, dose-limiting toxicities and off-target side effects. As a result, conventional chemotherapeutics are unable to prevent tumor growth, metastasis and result in failure of therapy. Various new targets such as BCSCs surface markers (CD44, CD133, ALDH1), signaling pathways (IL-6/JAK/STAT3, notch), pro and anti-apoptotic proteins (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, DR4, DR5), hypoxic factors (HIF-1α, HIF-2α) and drug efflux transporters (ABCC1, ABCG2 and ABCB1) have been exploited to treat TNBC. Further, to improve the efficacy and safety of conventional chemotherapeutics, researchers have tried to deliver anticancer agents specifically to the TNBCs using nanocarrier based drug delivery. In this review, an effort has been made to highlight the various factors responsible for the chemoresistance in TNBC, novel molecular targets of TNBC and nano-delivery systems employed to achieve sitespecific drug delivery to improve efficacy and reduce off-target side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamta Kumari
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, (A Constituent College of JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research), Ooty, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Praveen Thaggikuppe Krishnamurthy
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, (A Constituent College of JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research), Ooty, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Piyong Sola
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, (A Constituent College of JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research), Ooty, Tamilnadu, India
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4
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Kıyga E, Şengelen A, Adıgüzel Z, Önay Uçar E. Investigation of the role of quercetin as a heat shock protein inhibitor on apoptosis in human breast cancer cells. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:4957-4967. [PMID: 32638319 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05641-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
High expression of heat shock proteins (Hsp) in breast cancer has been closely associated with tumor cell proliferation and thus a poor clinical outcome. Quercetin, a good Hsp inhibitor as a dietary flavonoid, possesses anticarcinogenic properties. Although there are many studies on the effects of quercetin on Hsp levels in human breast cancer cells, research on elucidation of its molecular mechanism continues. Herein, we aimed to investigate the effect of quercetin on Hsp levels and whether quercetin is a suitable therapeutic for two breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) representing breast tumors which differed in hormone receptor, aggressiveness and treatment responses. To examine the response to high and low doses of quercetin, the cells were treated with three doses of quercetin (10, 25 and 100 μM) determined by MTT. The effects of quercetin on Hsp levels, apoptosis and DNA damage were examined by western blot analysis, caspase activity assay, comet assay and microscopy in human breast cancer cells. Compared to MDA-MB231 cells, MCF-7 cells were more affected by quercetin treatments. Quercetin effectively suppressed the expression of Hsp27, Hsp70 and Hsp90. While quercetin did not induce DNA damage, it triggered apoptosis at high levels. Although an increase in NF-κB levels is observed in the cells exposed to quercetin, the net result is the anticancer effect in case of Hsp depletion and apoptosis induction. Taken together our findings suggested that quercetin can be an effective therapeutic agent for breast cancer therapy regardless of the presence or absence of hormone receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi Kıyga
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Institute of Graduate Studies in Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aslıhan Şengelen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Institute of Graduate Studies in Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zelal Adıgüzel
- Basic Medical Sciences Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Evren Önay Uçar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, Vezneciler, 34134, Istanbul, Turkey.
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5
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Binge drinking in male adolescent rats and its relationship to persistent behavioral impairments and elevated proinflammatory/proapoptotic proteins in the cerebellum. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2020; 237:1305-1315. [PMID: 31984446 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-020-05458-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE To demonstrate that repeated episodes of binge drinking during the adolescent period can lead to long-term deficits in motor function and memory in adulthood, and increase proteins in the brain involved with inflammation and apoptotic cell death. METHODS Groups of early adolescent (PND 26) and periadolescent (PND 34) Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to either ethanol or plain air through a vapor chamber apparatus for five consecutive days (2 h per day), achieving a blood ethanol concentration equivalent to 6-8 drinks in the treatment group. Subjects then underwent a series of behavioral tests designed to assess memory, anxiety regulation, and motor function. Brains were collected on PND 94 for subsequent western blot analysis. RESULTS Behavioral testing using the rota-rod, cage-hang, novel object recognition, light-dark box, and elevated plus maze apparatuses showed significant differences between groups; several of which persisted for up to 60 days after treatment. Western blot testing indicated elevated levels of caspase-3/cleaved caspase-3, NF-kB, and PKC/pPKC proteins in the cerebella of ethanol-treated animals. CONCLUSIONS Differences on anxiety tests indicate a possible failure of behavioral inhibition in the treatment group leading to riskier behavior. Binge drinking also impairs motor coordination and object memory, which involve the cerebellar and hippocampal brain regions, respectively. These experiments indicate the potential dangers of binge drinking while the brain is still developing and indicate the need for future studies in this area.
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Navarra G, Pagano C, Pacelli R, Crescenzi E, Longobardi E, Gazzerro P, Fiore D, Pastorino O, Pentimalli F, Laezza C, Bifulco M. N 6-Isopentenyladenosine Enhances the Radiosensitivity of Glioblastoma Cells by Inhibiting the Homologous Recombination Repair Protein RAD51 Expression. Front Oncol 2020; 9:1498. [PMID: 31993371 PMCID: PMC6971108 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is among the most common malignant brain tumors and has a dismal prognosis due to the poor response to therapeutic regimens such as ionizing radiation and DNA-alkylating agents. In our study, we investigated the radiosensitizing activity of the N6-isopentenyladenosine (iPA), an naturally modified adenosine harboring an isopenenyl moiety, which shows antiproliferative effects on glioblastoma cell lines. We observed that co-treatment with ionizing radiation and iPA at micromolar concentration inhibited colony formation and viability of glioblastoma cell lines but not of non-malignant human cells. The combined treatment significantly attenuated the repair of radiation-induced DNA damage by inhibiting both the expression and irradiation-induced foci formation of RAD51, a key player in the homologous recombination repair process, leading to persistent DNA damage, as reflected by an increase of γ-H2AX foci. The radiosensitizing effect relied also on the inhibition of STAT5a/b activation, which is crucial for RAD51 expression, suggesting that iPA modulates the STAT5a/b-RAD51 axis following exposure to ionizing radiation. Overall, these data suggest that iPA, by acting through RAD51 inhibition at the mechanistic level, could function as a promising radiosensitizing agent and warrants further evaluation in prospective clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Navarra
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II," Naples, Italy
| | - Cristina Pagano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II," Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Pacelli
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University School of Medicine, Naples, Italy
| | - Elvira Crescenzi
- Institute of Endocrinology and Experimental Oncology, Institute of Endocrinology and Experimental Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Elena Longobardi
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Donatella Fiore
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Naples, Italy
| | - Olga Pastorino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II," Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Pentimalli
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS, Fondazione G. Pascale, Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Laezza
- Institute of Endocrinology and Experimental Oncology, Institute of Endocrinology and Experimental Oncology (IEOS), National Research Council (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Maurizio Bifulco
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples "Federico II," Naples, Italy
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Bernard A, Chevrier S, Beltjens F, Dosset M, Viltard E, Lagrange A, Derangère V, Oudot A, Ghiringhelli F, Collin B, Apetoh L, Feron O, Chen S, Arnould L, Végran F, Boidot R. Cleaved Caspase-3 Transcriptionally Regulates Angiogenesis-Promoting Chemotherapy Resistance. Cancer Res 2019; 79:5958-5970. [PMID: 31611309 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-0840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Caspases are well known for their role in apoptosis. Recently, nonapoptotic roles of caspases have been identified, however, these noncanonical roles are not well documented and the mechanisms involved are not fully understood. Here, we studied the role of cleaved caspase-3 using human- and mouse-proficient caspase-3 cancer cell lines and human-deficient caspase-3 cancer cells. Cleaved caspase-3 functioned as a transcription factor and directly bound to DNA. A DNA-binding domain was identified in the small subunit of caspase-3 and an active conformation was essential for caspase-3 transcriptional activity. Caspase-3 DNA binding enhanced angiogenesis by upregulating the expression of proangiogenic genes and by activating pathways that promoted endothelial cell activation. Some proapoptotic genes were downregulated in caspase-3-proficient cells. Inhibiting caspase-3 increased the efficacy of chemotherapy and decreased spontaneous tumor development. These data highlight a novel nonapoptotic role of caspase-3 and suggest that cleaved caspase-3 could be a new therapeutic target in cancer. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings report a noncanonical function of caspase-3 by demonstrating its ability to transcriptionally regulate the VEGFR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandy Chevrier
- Department of Biology and Pathology of Tumors, Georges-Francois Leclerc Cancer Center-UNICANCER, Dijon, France
| | - Françoise Beltjens
- Department of Biology and Pathology of Tumors, Georges-Francois Leclerc Cancer Center-UNICANCER, Dijon, France
| | | | | | | | - Valentin Derangère
- Inserm U1231, Dijon, France.,Platform of Transfer in Cancer Biology, Georges-Francois Leclerc Cancer Center-UNICANCER, Dijon, France
| | - Alexandra Oudot
- Preclinical Imaging Platform-Nuclear Medicine Department, Georges-Francois Leclerc Cancer Center-UNICANCER, Dijon, France
| | - François Ghiringhelli
- Inserm U1231, Dijon, France.,Platform of Transfer in Cancer Biology, Georges-Francois Leclerc Cancer Center-UNICANCER, Dijon, France
| | - Bertrand Collin
- Preclinical Imaging Platform-Nuclear Medicine Department, Georges-Francois Leclerc Cancer Center-UNICANCER, Dijon, France
| | | | - Olivier Feron
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Suzie Chen
- Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey.,The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Laurent Arnould
- Department of Biology and Pathology of Tumors, Georges-Francois Leclerc Cancer Center-UNICANCER, Dijon, France
| | - Frédérique Végran
- Inserm U1231, Dijon, France.,Platform of Transfer in Cancer Biology, Georges-Francois Leclerc Cancer Center-UNICANCER, Dijon, France
| | - Romain Boidot
- Inserm U1231, Dijon, France. .,Department of Biology and Pathology of Tumors, Georges-Francois Leclerc Cancer Center-UNICANCER, Dijon, France
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Liu X, Lu J, Liao Y, Liu S, Chen Y, He R, Men L, Lu C, Chen Z, Li S, Xiong G, Yang S. Dihydroartemisinin attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute kidney injury by inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 117:109070. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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9
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Fernandes MHV, Maggioli MF, Otta J, Joshi LR, Lawson S, Diel DG. Senecavirus A 3C Protease Mediates Host Cell Apoptosis Late in Infection. Front Immunol 2019; 10:363. [PMID: 30918505 PMCID: PMC6424860 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Senecavirus A (SVA), an oncolytic picornavirus used for cancer treatment in humans, has recently emerged as a vesicular disease (VD)-causing agent in swine worldwide. Notably, SVA-induced VD is indistinguishable from foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) and other high-consequence VDs of pigs. Here we investigated the role of apoptosis on infection and replication of SVA. Given the critical role of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway on modulation of cell death, we first assessed activation of NF-κB during SVA infection. Results here show that while early during infection SVA induces activation of NF-κB, as evidenced by nuclear translocation of NF-κB-p65 and NF-κB-mediated transcription, late in infection a cleaved product corresponding to the C-terminus of NF-κB-p65 is detected in infected cells, resulting in lower NF-κB transcriptional activity. Additionally, we assessed the potential role of SVA 3C protease (3Cpro) in SVA-induced host-cell apoptosis and cleavage of NF-κB-p65. Transient expression of SVA 3Cpro was associated with cleavage of NF-κB-p65 and Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), suggesting its involvement in virus-induced apoptosis. Most importantly, we showed that while cleavage of NF-κB-p65 is secondary to caspase activation, the proteolytic activity of SVA 3Cpro is essential for induction of apoptosis. Experiments using the pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK confirmed the relevance of late apoptosis for SVA infection, indicating that SVA induces apoptosis, presumably, as a mechanism to facilitate virus release and/or spread from infected cells. Together, these results suggest an important role of apoptosis for SVA infection biology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Diego G. Diel
- Animal Disease Research And Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
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10
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Peng CC, Chen CY, Chen CR, Chen CJ, Shen KH, Chen KC, Peng RY. Renal Damaging Effect Elicited by Bicalutamide Therapy Uncovered Multiple Action Mechanisms As Evidenced by the Cell Model. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3392. [PMID: 30833616 PMCID: PMC6399217 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39533-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bicalutamide (Bic) is frequently used in androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for treating prostate cancer. ADT-induced hypogonadism was reported to have the potential to lead to acute kidney injury (AKI). ADT was also shown to induce bladder fibrosis via induction of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β level. We hypothesized that Bic can likely induce renal fibrosis. To understand this, a cell model was used to explore expressions of relevant profibrotic proteins. Results indicated that Bic initiated multiple apoptotic and fibrotic pathways, including androgen deprivation, downregulation of the androgen receptor → phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase → Akt pathway, upregulation of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway- tumor necrosis factor α → nuclear factor κB → caspase-3, increased expressions of fibrosis-related proteins including platelet-derived growth factor β, fibronectin and collagen IV, and enhanced cell migration. The endoplasmic reticular stress pathway and smooth muscle actin were unaffected by Bic. Co-treatment with testosterone was shown to have an anti-apoptotic effect against Bic, suggesting a better outcome of Bic therapy if administered with an appropriate testosterone intervention. However, since Bic was found to inhibit the membrane transport and consumption rates of testosterone, a slightly larger dose of testosterone is recommended. In conclusion, these pathways can be considered to be pharmaceutically relevant targets for drug development in treating the adverse effects of Bic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiung Chi Peng
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Yu Chen
- Wayland Academy, 101 North University Avenue, Beaver Dam, WI, 53916, USA
| | - Chang-Rong Chen
- International Medical Doctor Program, The Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milano, Italy
| | - Chang-Jui Chen
- Wayland Academy, 101 North University Avenue, Beaver Dam, WI, 53916, USA
| | - Kun-Hung Shen
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, 710, Taiwan.,Department of Optometry, College of Medicine and Life Science, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan, 717, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Chou Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan. .,Department of Urology, Taipei Medical University Shuang-Ho Hospital, 291, Zhong-Zheng Rd., Zhong-He, Taipei, 23561, Taiwan. .,Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Shing St., Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
| | - Robert Y Peng
- Research Institute of Biotechnology, School of Medicine and Nursing, Hungkuang University, No.1018, Sec. 6, Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu District, Taichung City, 43302, Taiwan
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11
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Chang CY, Pan TM. Identification of bioactive compounds in Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei NTU 101-fermented reconstituted skimmed milk and their anti-cancer effect in combination with 5-fluorouracil on colorectal cancer cells. Food Funct 2019; 10:7634-7644. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01819k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is currently used to treat colorectal cancer (CRC), the most common cancer worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yuan Chang
- Department of Biochemical Science & Technology
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei
- Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ming Pan
- Department of Biochemical Science & Technology
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei
- Taiwan
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12
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Han Q, Jiang K, Wei Y, Su W. Transition-Metal-Free, TsOH-Mediated Direct C−H Allylation of 1,4-Benzoquinone with Allylic Alcohols. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201800177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingjuan Han
- College of Pharmacy; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Kun Jiang
- College of Pharmacy; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Ye Wei
- College of Pharmacy; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Weiping Su
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry; Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Fuzhou Fujian 350002 China
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13
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Demethoxycurcumin mediated targeting of MnSOD leading to activation of apoptotic pathway and inhibition of Akt/NF-κB survival signalling in human glioma U87 MG cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 345:75-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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14
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Synonymous mutations in oncogenesis and apoptosis versus survival unveiled by network modeling. Oncotarget 2017; 7:34599-616. [PMID: 27129147 PMCID: PMC5085179 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Synonymous mutations, which do not alter the encoded amino acid, have been routinely assumed to be ‘neutral’ and would have no effect on phenotype or fitness. Yet increasing observations have emerged to overturn this conventional concept. However, convicted elucidation of how synonymous mutations exert biological consequences in oncogenesis is still lacking. By performing systematic analysis of the TNF-α signaling network model, we identify the critical dose which separates the cell survival and apoptosis regions and define the sensitive parameters with single-parameter sensitivity analysis. Combining with the cancer-related mutation spectra obtained from 9 cancers, our results hint that, similar as missense and nonsense mutations, synonymous mutations are also strongly correlated with the parameter sensitivity of the critical dose, providing possible causal mechanism of the mutations in cancer development. Based on such a correlation, we furthermore dissect that members of caspases family proteases (caspase3, 6, 8) could jointly inhibit NFκB activation, providing efficient pro-apoptotic behavior. Thus, we argue that apoptosis module could suppress survival module through negative feedback of caspases family on NFκB.
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15
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Takam Kamga P, Bassi G, Cassaro A, Midolo M, Di Trapani M, Gatti A, Carusone R, Resci F, Perbellini O, Gottardi M, Bonifacio M, Nwabo Kamdje AH, Ambrosetti A, Krampera M. Notch signalling drives bone marrow stromal cell-mediated chemoresistance in acute myeloid leukemia. Oncotarget 2017; 7:21713-27. [PMID: 26967055 PMCID: PMC5008317 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Both preclinical and clinical investigations suggest that Notch signalling is critical for the development of many cancers and for their response to chemotherapy. We previously showed that Notch inhibition abrogates stromal-induced chemoresistance in lymphoid neoplasms. However, the role of Notch in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and its contribution to the crosstalk between leukemia cells and bone marrow stromal cells remain controversial. Thus, we evaluated the role of the Notch pathway in the proliferation, survival and chemoresistance of AML cells in co-culture with bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells expanded from both healthy donors (hBM-MSCs) and AML patients (hBM-MSCs*). As compared to hBM-MSCs, hBM-MSCs* showed higher level of Notch1, Jagged1 as well as the main Notch target gene HES1. Notably, hBM-MSCs* induced expression and activation of Notch signalling in AML cells, supporting AML proliferation and being more efficientin inducing AML chemoresistance than hBM-MSCs*. Pharmacological inhibition of Notch using combinations of Notch receptor-blocking antibodies or gamma-secretase inhibitors (GSIs), in presence of chemotherapeutic agents, significant lowered the supportive effect of hBM-MSCs and hBM-MSCs* towards AML cells, by activating apoptotic cascade and reducing protein level of STAT3, AKT and NF-κB.These results suggest that Notch signalling inhibition, by overcoming the stromal-mediated promotion of chemoresistance,may represent a potential therapeutic targetnot only for lymphoid neoplasms, but also for AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Takam Kamga
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giulio Bassi
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Adriana Cassaro
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Martina Midolo
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Mariano Di Trapani
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Alessandro Gatti
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Roberta Carusone
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Federica Resci
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Omar Perbellini
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Massimiliano Bonifacio
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Achille Ambrosetti
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Mauro Krampera
- Stem Cell Research Laboratory, Section of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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16
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Borah A, Sharma A, Hazarika H, Gogoi P. Synthesis of 2,3-Disubstituted 1,4-Naphthoquinones via Metal-Free C(sp2)-H Functionalization Followed by Suzuki Cross-Coupling Reactions. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201702404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashwini Borah
- Applied Organic Chemistry Group, Chemical Science and Technology Division; CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology; Assam, Jorhat 785006 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); CSIR-NEIST Campus; India
| | - Abhilash Sharma
- Applied Organic Chemistry Group, Chemical Science and Technology Division; CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology; Assam, Jorhat 785006 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); CSIR-NEIST Campus; India
| | - Hemanta Hazarika
- Applied Organic Chemistry Group, Chemical Science and Technology Division; CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology; Assam, Jorhat 785006 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); CSIR-NEIST Campus; India
| | - Pranjal Gogoi
- Applied Organic Chemistry Group, Chemical Science and Technology Division; CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology; Assam, Jorhat 785006 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); CSIR-NEIST Campus; India
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17
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Rice KM, Manne ND, Arvapalli R, Ginjupalli GK, Blough ER. Diabetes alters vascular mechanotransduction data: Pressure-induced regulation of Nf-kapa-B p65 and translational associated signaling in the rat inferior vena cava. Data Brief 2017; 14:676-685. [PMID: 28932772 PMCID: PMC5596213 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2017.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic patients have a high rate of vein graft failure due to attrition or vessel occlusion that cause recurrent ischemic events or vein graft. Veins grafted into a high-pressure arterial environment must undergo vascular remodeling to better handle the altered hemodynamics and intravascular increased pressure. Multiple cellular and molecular events are purported to be associated with vascular remodeling of veins. Understanding the effect diabetes has on vascular mechano-transductive response is critical to decreasing graft failure rates. This article represents data regarding a study published in Cardiovascular Diabetology [1] and Open Journal of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases [2] with the purpose of evaluating the effect of pressurization on rat inferior venae cavae (IVC). Here we provide the information about the method and processing of raw data related to our prior publish work and Data in Brief articles [3], [4]. The data contained in this article evaluates the contribution of NF-kB signaling and associated proteins. IVC from lean and obese animals were exposed to a 30 min of perfusion at 120 mm Hg pressure and evaluated for changes in expression and (IkB-alpha, NF-kB p50, NF-kB p105, NF-kB p65, Traf2, caspase 12), phosphorylation of (IkB-alpha (ser 32), Fox01 (ser 256), and Fox04 (ser 193)) proteins thought to be involved in the regulation of vascular mechanotransduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M. Rice
- Center for Diagnostic Nanosystems, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
- Biotechnology Graduate Program West Virginia State University, Institute, WV, USA
- Department of Health and Human Service, School of Kinesiology, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | | | | | | | - Eric R. Blough
- Center for Diagnostic Nanosystems, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
- Biotechnology Graduate Program West Virginia State University, Institute, WV, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, School of Pharmacy, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Toxicology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
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18
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Valproic acid increases NF-κB transcriptional activation despite decreasing DNA binding ability in P19 cells, which may play a role in VPA-initiated teratogenesis. Reprod Toxicol 2017; 74:32-39. [PMID: 28865949 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2017.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) family of transcription factors regulate gene expression in response to diverse stimuli. We previously demonstrated that valproic acid (VPA) exposure in utero decreases total cellular protein expression of the NF-κB subunit p65 in CD-1 mouse embryos with a neural tube defect but not in phenotypically normal littermates. This study evaluated p65 mRNA and protein expression in P19 cells and determined the impact on DNA binding ability and activity. Exposure to 5mM VPA decreased p65 mRNA and total cellular protein expression however, nuclear p65 protein expression was unchanged. VPA reduced NF-κB DNA binding and nuclear protein of the p65 DNA-binding partner, p50. NF-κB transcriptional activity was increased with VPA alone, despite decreased phosphorylation of p65 at Ser276, and when combined with tissue necrosis factor α. These results demonstrate that VPA increases NF-κB transcriptional activity despite decreasing DNA binding, which may play a role in VPA-initiated teratogenesis.
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19
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Xing Y, Cui LJ, Kang QY. Effects of Low-dose Triamcinolone Acetonide on Rat Retinal Progenitor Cells under Hypoxia Condition. Chin Med J (Engl) 2017; 129:1600-6. [PMID: 27364798 PMCID: PMC4931268 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.184474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinal degenerative diseases are the leading causes of blindness in developed world. Retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) play a key role in retina restoration. Triamcinolone acetonide (TA) is widely used for the treatment of retinal degenerative diseases. In this study, we investigated the role of TA on RPCs in hypoxia condition. METHODS RPCs were primary cultured and identified by immunofluorescence staining. Cells were cultured under normoxia, hypoxia 6 h, and hypoxia 6 h with TA treatment conditions. For the TA treatment groups, after being cultured under hypoxia condition for 6 h, RPCs were treated with different concentrations of TA for 48-72 h. Cell viability was measured by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. Cell cycle was detected by flow cytometry. Western blotting was employed to examine the expression of cyclin D1, Akt, p-Akt, nuclear factor (NF)-κB p65, and caspase-3. RESULTS CCK-8 assays indicated that the viability of RPCs treated with 0.01 mg/ml TA in hypoxia group was improved after 48 h, comparing with control group (P < 0.05). After 72 h, the cell viability was enhanced in both 0.01 mg/ml and 0.02 mg/ml TA groups compared with control group (all P < 0.05). Flow cytometry revealed that there were more cells in S-phase in hypoxia 6 h group than in normoxia control group (P < 0.05). RPCs in S and G2/M phases decreased in groups given TA, comparing with other groups (all P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the total Akt protein expression among different groups, whereas upregulation of p-Akt and NF-κB p65 protein expression and downregulation of caspase-3 and cyclin D1 protein expression were observed in 0.01 mg/ml TA group, comparing with hypoxia 6 h group and control group (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Low-dose TA has anti-apoptosis effect on RPCs while it has no stimulatory effect on cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Xing
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Li-Jun Cui
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Qian-Yan Kang
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
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20
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Ghaffari SH, Yousefi M, Dizaji MZ, Momeny M, Bashash D, Zekri A, Alimoghaddam K, Ghavamzadeh A. Arsenic Trioxide Induces Apoptosis and Incapacitates Proliferation and Invasive Properties of U87MG Glioblastoma Cells through a Possible NF-κB-Mediated Mechanism. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 17:1553-64. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2016.17.3.1553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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21
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Keller B, García-Sevilla JA. Regulation of hippocampal Fas receptor and death-inducing signaling complex after kainic acid treatment in mice. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2015; 63:54-62. [PMID: 26044520 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Kainic acid (KA)-induced brain neuronal cell death (especially in the hippocampus) was shown to be mainly mediated by the intrinsic (mitochondrial) apoptotic pathway. This study investigated the regulation of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway mediated by Fas ligand/Fas receptor and components of the indispensable death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) in the hippocampus (marked changes) and cerebral cortex (modest changes) of KA-treated mice. KA (45mg/kg) induced a severe behavioral syndrome with recurrent motor seizures (scores; maximal at 60-90min; minimal at 72h) with activation of hippocampal pro-apoptotic JNK (+2.5 fold) and increased GFAP (+57%) and nuclear PARP-1 fragmentation (+114%) 72h post-treatment (delayed neurotoxicity). In the extrinsic apoptotic pathway (hippocampus), KA (72h) reduced Fas ligand (-92%) and Fas receptor aggregates (-24%). KA (72h) also altered the contents of major DISC components: decreased FADD adaptor (-44%), reduced activation of initiator caspase-8 (-47%) and increased survival FLIP-S (+220%). Notably, KA (72h) upregulated the content of anti-apoptotic p-Ser191 FADD (+41%) and consequently the expression of p-FADD/FADD ratio (+1.9-fold), a neuroplastic index. Moreover, the p-FADD dependent transcription factor NF-κB was also increased (+61%) in the hippocampus after KA (72h). The convergent adaptation of the extrinsic apoptotic machinery 72h after KA in mice (with otherwise normal gross behavior) is a novel finding which suggests the induction of survival mechanisms to partly counteract the delayed neuronal death in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Keller
- Laboratori de Neurofarmacologia, IUNICS-IdISPa, Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB), Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Redes Temáticas de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud-Red de Trastornos Adictivos (RETICS-RTA), Spain
| | - Jesús A García-Sevilla
- Laboratori de Neurofarmacologia, IUNICS-IdISPa, Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB), Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Redes Temáticas de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud-Red de Trastornos Adictivos (RETICS-RTA), Spain.
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22
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Wier EM, Fu K, Hodgson A, Sun X, Wan F. Caspase-3 cleaved p65 fragment dampens NF-κB-mediated anti-apoptotic transcription by interfering with the p65/RPS3 interaction. FEBS Lett 2015; 589:3581-7. [PMID: 26526615 PMCID: PMC4655178 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2015.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Caspase-3-mediated p65 cleavage is believed to suppress nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB)-mediated anti-apoptotic transactivation in cells undergoing apoptosis. However, only a small percentage of p65 is cleaved during apoptosis, not in proportion to the dramatic reduction in NF-κB transactivation. Here we show that the p65(1-97) fragment generated by Caspase-3 cleavage interferes with ribosomal protein S3 (RPS3), an NF-κB "specifier" subunit, and selectively retards the nuclear translocation of RPS3, thus dampening the RPS3/NF-κB-dependent anti-apoptotic gene expression. Our findings reveal a novel cell fate determination mechanism to ensure cells undergo programed cell death through interfering with RPS3/NF-κB-conferred anti-apoptotic transcription by the fragment from partial p65 cleavage by activated Caspase-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Wier
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, USA
| | - Kai Fu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, USA
| | - Andrea Hodgson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, USA; W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21025, USA
| | - Xin Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, USA
| | - Fengyi Wan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, USA; Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
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23
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Cotton JA, Amat CB, Buret AG. Disruptions of Host Immunity and Inflammation by Giardia Duodenalis: Potential Consequences for Co-Infections in the Gastro-Intestinal Tract. Pathogens 2015; 4:764-92. [PMID: 26569316 PMCID: PMC4693164 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens4040764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Giardia duodenalis (syn. G. intestinalis, or G. lamblia) is a leading cause of waterborne diarrheal disease that infects hundreds of millions of people annually. Research on Giardia has greatly expanded within the last few years, and our understanding of the pathophysiology and immunology on this parasite is ever increasing. At peak infection, Giardia trophozoites induce pathophysiological responses that culminate in the development of diarrheal disease. However, human data has suggested that the intestinal mucosa of Giardia-infected individuals is devoid of signs of overt intestinal inflammation, an observation that is reproduced in animal models. Thus, our understanding of host inflammatory responses to the parasite remain incompletely understood and human studies and experimental data have produced conflicting results. It is now also apparent that certain Giardia infections contain mechanisms capable of modulating their host’s immune responses. As the oral route of Giardia infection is shared with many other gastrointestinal (GI) pathogens, co-infections may often occur, especially in places with poor sanitation and/or improper treatment of drinking water. Moreover, Giardia infections may modulate host immune responses and have been found to protect against the development of diarrheal disease in developing countries. The following review summarizes our current understanding of the immunomodulatory mechanisms of Giardia infections and their consequences for the host, and highlights areas for future research. Potential implications of these immunomodulatory effects during GI co-infection are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Cotton
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.
| | - Christina B Amat
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
- Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
- Host-Parasite Interactions, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
| | - Andre G Buret
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
- Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
- Host-Parasite Interactions, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
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24
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McKee CM, Ding Y, Zhou J, Li C, Huang L, Xin X, He J, Allen JE, El-Deiry WS, Cao Y, Muschel RJ, Xu D. Protease nexin 1 induces apoptosis of prostate tumor cells through inhibition of X-chromosome-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein. Oncotarget 2015; 6:3784-96. [PMID: 25686839 PMCID: PMC4414153 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Protease nexin 1 (PN1) is an endogenous serine protease inhibitor (SERPIN), expressed at high levels in the prostate, and capable of inhibiting the proliferation of prostate cancer cells. We previously showed that PN1-uPA complexes inhibited Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) signalling through engagement of the LRP receptor. Here, we describe an alternative anti-proliferative mechanism through which PN1 expression leads to apoptosis. In prostate cancer cells, increased expression of PN1 led to substantial reduction of XIAP levels and apoptosis mediated through the uPAR, but not the LRP receptor. The alterations in XIAP were effected in two ways 1) via alteration in the NF-κB pathway, a pathway known to signal XIAP transcription and 2) by promoting XIAP instability. The AKT pathway is known to phosphorylate XIAP at serine 87 leading to protein stability and PN1 expression is shown to interfere with this process. As a result of both mechanisms, programmed cell death is substantially increased. Consistent with these observations, reduced PN1 protein correlated with elevated p65/XIAP expression and with higher Gleason scores in human prostate tissue arrays. Thus, PN1 expression appears to differentially down-regulate distinct oncogenic pathways depending upon the cell surface receptor engaged by its complexes and demonstrates a novel molecular mechanism by which the protein can promote tumor cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad M. McKee
- Gray Institute of Radiation Oncology and Biology, Medical Science Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yunchuan Ding
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
| | - Chunrui Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
| | - Liang Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
| | - Xiangke Xin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
| | - Jing He
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
| | - Joshua E. Allen
- Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Wafik S. El-Deiry
- Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Yunhong Cao
- Gray Institute of Radiation Oncology and Biology, Medical Science Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth J. Muschel
- Gray Institute of Radiation Oncology and Biology, Medical Science Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Danmei Xu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei, China
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25
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Activation of apoptosis by caspase-3-dependent specific RelB cleavage in anticancer agent-treated cancer cells: involvement of positive feedback mechanism. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 456:810-4. [PMID: 25511695 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
DTCM-glutarimide (DTCM-G) is a newly found anti-inflammatory agent. In the course of experiments with lymphoma cells, we found that DTCM-G induced specific RelB cleavage. Anticancer agent vinblastine also induced the specific RelB cleavage in human fibrosarcoma HT1080 cells. The site-directed mutagenesis analysis revealed that the Asp205 site in RelB was specifically cleaved possibly by caspase-3 in vinblastine-treated HT1080 cells. Moreover, the cells stably overexpressing RelB Asp205Ala were resistant to vinblastine-induced apoptosis. Thus, the specific Asp205 cleavage of RelB by caspase-3 would be involved in the apoptosis induction by anticancer agents, which would provide the positive feedback mechanism.
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26
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Masuelli L, Stefano ED, Fantini M, Mattera R, Benvenuto M, Marzocchella L, Sacchetti P, Focaccetti C, Bernardini R, Tresoldi I, Izzi V, Mattei M, Frajese GV, Lista F, Modesti A, Bei R. Resveratrol potentiates the in vitro and in vivo anti-tumoral effects of curcumin in head and neck carcinomas. Oncotarget 2014; 5:10745-62. [PMID: 25296980 PMCID: PMC4279407 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The survival rate of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) patients has not considerably changed over the last two decades. Polyphenols inhibit the growth of cancer cells. We determined whether the combination of Resveratrol (RES) and Curcumin (CUR) enhanced their in vitro and in vivo antitumor activities on HNSCC cell lines compared to the single compounds. We provide evidence that RES potentiated the apoptotic effect and reduced the IC50 of CUR on HNSCC cell lines. The model of compounds interaction indicated the onset of an additive effect of the two compounds compared to the single treatment after decrease of their concentrations. RES+CUR compared to CUR increased the PARP-1 cleavage, the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, the inhibition of ERK1 and ERK2 phosphorylation, and the expression of LC3 II simultaneously with the formation of autophagic vacuoles. RES and CUR induced cytoplasmic NF-κB accumulation. RES+CUR administrations were safe in BALB/c mice and reduced the growth of transplanted salivary gland cancer cells (SALTO) more efficiently than CUR. Overall, combinations of CUR and RES was more effective in inhibiting in vivo and in vitro cancer growth than the treatment with CUR. Additional studies will be needed to define the therapeutic potential of these compounds in combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Masuelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrica Di Stefano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Fantini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosanna Mattera
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | - Monica Benvenuto
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Marzocchella
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Pamela Sacchetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Ilaria Tresoldi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio Izzi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Florigio Lista
- Centro Studi e Ricerche Sanità e Veterinaria Esercito, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Modesti
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Bei
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
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Qazi AK, Hussain A, Aga MA, Ali S, Taneja SC, Sharma PR, Saxena AK, Mondhe DM, Hamid A. Cell specific apoptosis by RLX is mediated by NFκB in human colon carcinoma HCT-116 cells. BMC Cell Biol 2014; 15:36. [PMID: 25303828 PMCID: PMC4195704 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2121-15-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Resistance to chemotherapy represents a major obstacle in correcting colorectal carcinomas (CRC). Inspite of recent advances in the treatment of metastatic disease, the prognosis of the patients remains poor. RLX, a vasicinone analogue has been reported to possess potent bronchodilator, anti-asthmatic and anti-inflammatory properties. However, its anti-cancer activity is unknown. Results Here, we report for the first time that RLX has anti-cancer property against panel of human cancer cell lines and most potent activity was found against HCT-116 cells with IC50 value of 12 μM and have further investigated the involvement of NFκB and caspase-3 in RLX action in CRC apoptosis. Following RLX and BEZ-235 treatment in HCT-116, we observed significant down-regulation of NFκB (1 to 0.1 fold) and up-regulation of caspase-3 (1 to 2 fold) protein expressions. Additionally, morphological studies revealed membrane blebbing, cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation and finally apoptosis in HCT-116 cells. Conclusions Overall, these findings indicate that RLX is a potent small molecule which triggers apoptosis, and promising potential candidate to be a chemotherapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Abid Hamid
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India.
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RIP3 is downregulated in human myeloid leukemia cells and modulates apoptosis and caspase-mediated p65/RelA cleavage. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1384. [PMID: 25144719 PMCID: PMC4454320 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIP3) associates with RIP1 in a
necrosome complex that can induce necroptosis, apoptosis, or cell proliferation.
We analyzed the expression of RIP1 and RIP3 in CD34+ leukemia cells from a
cohort of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and CD34+ cells from
healthy donors. RIP3 expression was significantly reduced in most AML samples,
whereas the expression of RIP1 did not differ significantly. When re-expressed
in the mouse DA1-3b leukemia cell line, RIP3 induced apoptosis and necroptosis
in the presence of caspase inhibitors. Transfection of RIP3 in the WEHI-3b
leukemia cell line or in the mouse embryonic fibroblasts also resulted in
increased cell death. Surprisingly, re-expression of a RIP3 mutant with an
inactive kinase domain (RIP3-kinase dead (RIP3-KD)) induced significantly more
and earlier apoptosis than wild-type RIP3 (RIP3-WT), indicating that the RIP3
kinase domain is an essential regulator of apoptosis/necroptosis in leukemia
cells. The induced in vivo expression of RIP3-KD but not RIP3-WT
prolonged the survival of mice injected with leukemia cells. The expression of
RIP3-KD induced p65/RelA nuclear factor-κB
(NF-κB) subunit caspase-dependent cleavage, and a
non-cleavable p65/RelA D361E mutant rescued these cells from apoptosis.
p65/RelA cleavage appears to be at least partially mediated by caspase-6.
These data indicate that RIP3 silencing in leukemia cells results in suppression
of the complex regulation of the apoptosis/necroptosis switch and
NF-κB activity.
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Wang YP, Li G, Ma LL, Zheng Y, Zhang SD, Zhang HX, Qiu M, Ma X. Penehyclidine hydrochloride ameliorates renal ischemia–reperfusion injury in rats. J Surg Res 2014; 186:390-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2013.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 07/07/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Ilangovan A, Saravanakumar S, Malayappasamy S. γ-Carbonyl Quinones: Radical Strategy for the Synthesis of Evelynin and Its Analogues by C–H Activation of Quinones Using Cyclopropanols. Org Lett 2013; 15:4968-71. [DOI: 10.1021/ol402229m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andivelu Ilangovan
- School of Chemistry, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India and Syngene International Ltd., Bangalore 560 099, India
| | - Shanmugasundar Saravanakumar
- School of Chemistry, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India and Syngene International Ltd., Bangalore 560 099, India
| | - Subramani Malayappasamy
- School of Chemistry, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India and Syngene International Ltd., Bangalore 560 099, India
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31
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Chen CM, Han SJ, Yuan SS, Wang CJ, Yu JH. Isolation and characterization of 20 polymorphic microsatellite markers for Juglans mandshurica (Juglandaceae). APPLICATIONS IN PLANT SCIENCES 2013; 1:apps1200009. [PMID: 25202563 PMCID: PMC4103126 DOI: 10.3732/apps.1200009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/26/2013] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Fifty microsatellite loci were developed for the endangered species Juglans mandshurica to investigate its genetic diversity and population structure. • METHODS AND RESULTS In all, 50 microsatellite markers were isolated from J. mandshurica, using the Fast Isolation by AFLP of Sequences COntaining repeats (FIASCO) protocol. Twenty of these polymorphic markers were assessed in samples collected from 98 individuals among five populations in northeastern China. Across all of the J. mandshurica samples, the number of alleles per locus ranged from one to 17. • CONCLUSIONS These new microsatellite loci will be useful for conservation genetics studies of J. mandshurica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Mei Chen
- State Engineering Laboratory of Bio-Resource Eco-Utilization (Heilongjiang), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shi-Jie Han
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shu-Sheng Yuan
- State Engineering Laboratory of Bio-Resource Eco-Utilization (Heilongjiang), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chun-Jing Wang
- State Engineering Laboratory of Bio-Resource Eco-Utilization (Heilongjiang), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing-Hua Yu
- State Engineering Laboratory of Bio-Resource Eco-Utilization (Heilongjiang), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, People’s Republic of China
- Author for correspondence:
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32
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Silva DS, Pereira LMG, Moreira AR, Ferreira-da-Silva F, Brito RM, Faria TQ, Zornetta I, Montecucco C, Oliveira P, Azevedo JE, Pereira PJB, Macedo-Ribeiro S, do Vale A, dos Santos NMS. The apoptogenic toxin AIP56 is a metalloprotease A-B toxin that cleaves NF-κb P65. PLoS Pathog 2013; 9:e1003128. [PMID: 23468618 PMCID: PMC3585134 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIP56 (apoptosis-inducing protein of 56 kDa) is a major virulence factor of Photobacterium damselae piscicida (Phdp), a Gram-negative pathogen that causes septicemic infections, which are among the most threatening diseases in mariculture. The toxin triggers apoptosis of host macrophages and neutrophils through a process that, in vivo, culminates with secondary necrosis of the apoptotic cells contributing to the necrotic lesions observed in the diseased animals. Here, we show that AIP56 is a NF-κB p65-cleaving zinc-metalloprotease whose catalytic activity is required for the apoptogenic effect. Most of the bacterial effectors known to target NF-κB are type III secreted effectors. In contrast, we demonstrate that AIP56 is an A-B toxin capable of acting at distance, without requiring contact of the bacteria with the target cell. We also show that the N-terminal domain cleaves NF-κB at the Cys39-Glu40 peptide bond and that the C-terminal domain is involved in binding and internalization into the cytosol. The apoptosis inducing protein of 56 kDa (AIP56) is a key virulence factor secreted by Photobacterium damselae piscicida (Phdp), a Gram-negative bacterium that causes septicaemic infections in economically important marine fish species. It is known that AIP56 induces massive destruction of the phagocytic cells of the infected host, allowing the extracellular multiplication of the bacteria and contributing to the genesis of the pathology. Here we show that AIP56 acts by cleaving NF-κB p65. The NF-κB family of transcription factors is evolutionarily conserved and plays a central role in the host responses to microbial pathogen invasion, regulating the expression of inflammatory and anti-apoptotic genes. Pathogenic bacteria have evolved complex strategies to interfere with NF-κB signalling, usually by injecting protein effectors directly into the cell's cytosol through bacterial secretion machineries that require contact with host cells. In contrast, AIP56 acts at distance and has an intrinsic ability to reach the cytosol due to the presence of a C-terminal domain that functions as “delivery module.”
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela S. Silva
- Fish Immunology and Vaccinology, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Liliana M. G. Pereira
- Fish Immunology and Vaccinology, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana R. Moreira
- Fish Immunology and Vaccinology, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Frederico Ferreira-da-Silva
- Protein Production and Purification, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui M. Brito
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Tiago Q. Faria
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Irene Zornetta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche dell'Università di Padova and Instituto di Neuroscienze del CNR, Padova, Italy
| | - Cesare Montecucco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche dell'Università di Padova and Instituto di Neuroscienze del CNR, Padova, Italy
| | - Pedro Oliveira
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge E. Azevedo
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Organelle Biogenesis and Function, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro J. B. Pereira
- Biomolecular Structure, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sandra Macedo-Ribeiro
- Protein Crystallography, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana do Vale
- Fish Immunology and Vaccinology, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno M. S. dos Santos
- Fish Immunology and Vaccinology, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- * E-mail:
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Jackson TC, Verrier JD, Kochanek PM. Anthraquinone-2-sulfonic acid (AQ2S) is a novel neurotherapeutic agent. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e451. [PMID: 23303125 PMCID: PMC3563977 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2012.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Revised: 11/04/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Anthraquinone derivatives such as emodin have recently been shown to protect in models of beta amyloid β (Aβ) and tau aggregation-induced cell death. The mechanisms of action possibly involve preconditioning effects, anti-aggregation properties, and/or enhancing the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT survival mechanism. We studied several natural (emodin, rhein, and aloin) and synthetic (AQ2S) anthraquinones, to screen for post-treatment therapeutic benefit in two models of neuronal death, namely hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) and staurosporine (STS)-induced injury. Treatment with emodin, rhein, or aloin failed to reduce H(2)O(2) injury. Moreover, consistent with emodin behaving like a mild toxin, it exacerbated oxidative injury at the highest concentration used (50 μM) in our post-treatment paradigm, and potently inhibited AKT. In contrast, AQ2S was neuroprotective. It reduced H(2)O(2) injury at 50 and 75 μM. In addition, AQ2S potently inhibited staurosporine (STS)-induced injury. The mechanisms of action involve caspase inhibition and AKT activation. However, blockade of AKT signaling with LY294002 failed to abolish AQ2S-mediated protection on the STS assay. This is the first study to report that AQ2S is a new neuroprotective compound and a novel caspase inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Jackson
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
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Wier EM, Neighoff J, Sun X, Fu K, Wan F. Identification of an N-terminal truncation of the NF-κB p65 subunit that specifically modulates ribosomal protein S3-dependent NF-κB gene expression. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:43019-29. [PMID: 23115242 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.388694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
NF-κB is a pleiotrophic transcription factor that plays a prominent regulatory role in various cellular processes. Although previous efforts have focused on its activation, how NF-κB selects specific target genes in response to discrete signals remains puzzling. In addition to the well defined Rel protein components of NF-κB, the ribosomal protein S3 (RPS3) was identified to be an essential component of specific NF-κB complexes. RPS3 synergistically interacts with the NF-κB p65 subunit to achieve optimal binding and transactivation of a subset of NF-κB target genes, thus providing regulatory specificity. Emerging evidence suggests an important role for the RPS3-p65 interaction in context-specific NF-κB gene transcription. The food-borne pathogen Escherichia coli O157:H7 impacts the transcription of a subset of NF-κB target genes encoding proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in host cells by preventing the nuclear translocation of RPS3, but not p65. The N terminus of p65 is crucial for RPS3 binding. Although several p65 N-terminal fragments are generated by either protease cleavage or alternative mRNA splicing under certain pathophysiological conditions, the role of these fragments in modulating NF-κB signaling, in particular RPS3-dependent selective gene transcription, has not been fully characterized. Here we report that an N-terminal fragment of p65 (amino acids 21-186) can selectively modulate NF-κB gene transcription by competing for RPS3 binding to p65. This 21-186 fragment preferentially localizes in the cytoplasm where it delays stimuli-induced RPS3 nuclear translocation, without affecting the nuclear translocation of p65. Our findings thus uncover a new cytoplasmic function for the N-terminal domain of p65 and provide a novel strategy for selective inhibition of NF-κB gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Wier
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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35
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Naturale G, Lamblin M, Commandeur C, Felpin FX, Dessolin J. Direct C-H Alkylation of Naphthoquinones with Amino Acids Through a Revisited Kochi-Anderson Radical Decarboxylation: Trends in Reactivity and Applications. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201200722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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36
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Reuter S, Gupta SC, Kannappan R, Aggarwal BB. WITHDRAWN: Evidence for the critical roles of NF-κB p65 and specificity proteins in the apoptosis-inducing activity of proteasome inhibitors in leukemia cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2012:S0925-4439(12)00013-0. [PMID: 22265847 PMCID: PMC3870997 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2012.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2011] [Revised: 12/30/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy.
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Lee KH, Jang Y, Chung JH. Heat shock protein 90 regulates IκB kinase complex and NF-κB activation in angiotensin II-induced cardiac cell hypertrophy. Exp Mol Med 2011; 42:703-11. [PMID: 20980790 DOI: 10.3858/emm.2010.42.10.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), one of the most abundant proteins in the cardiac cells is essential for cell survival. Previous studies have shown that angiotensin II induces cardiac cell hypertrophy. However, the role of HSP90 in the angiotensin II-induced cardiac hypertrophy is unclear. In this study, we showed that HSP90 regulated angiotensin II-induced hypertrophy via maintenance of the IκB kinase (IKK) complex stability in cardiac cells. An HSP90 inhibitor, geldanamycin (GA), significantly suppressed angiotensin II-induced [³H]leucine incorporation and atrial natriuretic factor expression in cardiac cells. GA also inhibited the NF-κB activation induced by angiotensin II. Importantly, treatment with GA caused a degradation of IKKα/β; on the other hand, a proteasome-specific inhibitor restored the level of IKKα/β. We also found that GA prevented HSP90-IKKs complex induced by angiotensin II in cardiac cells. The small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown of HSP90 expression significantly inhibited angiotensin II-induced cell hypertrophy and NF-κB activation. These results suggest that angiotensin II-induced cardiac hypertrophy requires HSP90 that regulates the stability and complex of IKK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Hye Lee
- Severance Integrative Research Institute for Cerebral and Cardiovascular Diseases, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul 120-752, Korea
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Abstract
Caspases are intracellular proteases that are best known for their function in apoptosis signaling. It has become evident that many caspases also function in other signaling pathways that propagate cell proliferation and inflammation, but studies on the inflammatory function of caspases have mainly been limited to caspase-1-mediated cytokine processing. Emerging evidence, however, indicates an important contribution of caspases as mediators or regulators of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling, which plays a key role in inflammation and immunity. Much still needs to be learned about the mechanisms that govern the activation and regulation of NF-κB by caspases, and this review provides an update of this area. Whereas apoptosis signaling is dependent on the catalytic activity of caspases, they mainly act as scaffolding platforms for other signaling proteins in the case of NF-κB signaling. Caspase proteolytic activity, however, counteracts the pro-survival function of NF-κB by cleaving specific signaling molecules. A striking exception is the paracaspase mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue 1 (MALT1), whose adaptor and proteolytic activity are both needed to initiate a full blown NF-κB response in antigen-stimulated lymphocytes. Understanding the role of caspases and MALT1 in the regulation of NF-κB signaling is of high interest for therapeutic immunomodulation.
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Anti-Inflammatory benefits of antibiotic-induced neutrophil apoptosis: tulathromycin induces caspase-3-dependent neutrophil programmed cell death and inhibits NF-kappaB signaling and CXCL8 transcription. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2010; 55:338-48. [PMID: 20956586 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01052-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Clearance of apoptotic neutrophils is a central feature of the resolution of inflammation. Findings indicate that immuno-modulation and induction of neutrophil apoptosis by macrolide antibiotics generate anti-inflammatory benefits via mechanisms that remain obscure. Tulathromycin (TUL), a new antimicrobial agent for bovine respiratory disease, offers superior clinical efficacy for reasons not fully understood. The aim of this study was to identify the immuno-modulating effects of tulathromycin and, in this process, to establish tulathromycin as a new model for characterizing the novel anti-inflammatory properties of antibiotics. Bronchoalveolar lavage specimens were collected from Holstein calves 3 and 24 h postinfection, challenged intratracheally with live Mannheimia haemolytica (2 × 10(7) CFU), and treated with vehicle or tulathromycin (2.5 mg/kg body weight). Terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) revealed that tulathromycin treatment significantly increased leukocyte apoptosis and reduced levels of proinflammatory leukotriene B(4) in M. haemolytica-challenged calves. In vitro, tulathromycin concentration dependently induced apoptosis in freshly isolated bovine neutrophils from healthy steers in a capase-3-dependent manner but failed to induce apoptosis in bovine fibroblasts, epithelial cells, and endothelial cells, as well as freshly isolated bovine blood monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages. The proapoptotic effects of TUL were also, in part, drug specific; equimolar concentrations of penicillin G, oxytetracycline, and ceftiofur failed to cause apoptosis in bovine neutrophils. In addition, tulathromycin significantly reduced levels of phosphorylated IκBα, nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65, and mRNA levels of proinflammatory interleukin-8 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated bovine neutrophils. The findings illustrate novel mechanisms through which tulathromycin confers anti-inflammatory benefits.
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Xu HL, Yu XF, Qu SC, Zhang R, Qu XR, Chen YP, Ma XY, Sui DY. Anti-proliferative effect of Juglone from Juglans mandshurica Maxim on human leukemia cell HL-60 by inducing apoptosis through the mitochondria-dependent pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2010; 645:14-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.06.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2010] [Revised: 06/09/2010] [Accepted: 06/24/2010] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Abstract
Pancreatic beta-cell mass is dynamic and is regulated by beta-cell proliferation, neogenesis, and apoptosis. Under physiological conditions, apoptosis is tightly regulated with a slow, net rise in beta-cell mass over time. Excessive beta-cell apoptosis is an important contributor to both type 1 and type 2 diabetes development. Therefore, much effort has been given recently to better understand the mechanisms of apoptosis that occur both during physiological homeostasis and during the course of both types of diabetes. Caspases are the executioners of apoptosis that ultimately result in cell suicide. In mammals, there are 14 caspases, of which many participate in the apoptotic pathways. Genetic mouse models have been important tools for elucidation of the specific apoptotic pathways that play an essential role in beta-cell apoptosis under physiological and pathological conditions. This review focuses on the diverse roles of each of the specific caspases and their regulators, unveiling both the classical apoptotic roles as well as emerging nonapoptotic roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Choi
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Cytotoxic activity of naphthoquinones with special emphasis on juglone and its 5-O-methyl derivative. Chem Biol Interact 2010; 184:439-48. [PMID: 20138029 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2010.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2009] [Revised: 01/26/2010] [Accepted: 01/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The cytotoxicity of nine naphthoquinones (NQ) was assayed against HL-60 (leukaemia), MDA-MB-435 (melanoma), SF-295 (brain) and HCT-8 (colon), all human cancer cell lines, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), as representatives of normal cells, after 72h of incubation. 5-Methoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone was the most active compound, showing IC(50) values in the range of 0.31 (1.7microM) in HL-60 to 0.88microg/mL (4.7microM) in SF-295 and IC(50) of 0.69microg/mL (3.7microM) against PBMC. With the introduction of a bromo-substituent in position 2 or 3 of juglone, the IC(50) significantly decreased, regardless of the position on the NQ moiety. However, compared with juglone methyl ether, the halogen substitution decreased the activity. To further understand the mechanism underlying the cytotoxicity of 5-methoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone, studies involving DNA fragmentation, cell cycle analysis, phosphatidyl serine externalization, mitochondrial depolarization and activation of caspases 8 and 3/7 were performed in HL-60 cell line, using doxorubicin as a positive control. The results indicate that the cytotoxic 5-methoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone activates caspases 8 and 3/7 and thus induces apoptosis independent of mitochondria.
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Coiras M, López-Huertas MR, Mateos E, Alcamí J. Caspase-3-mediated cleavage of p65/RelA results in a carboxy-terminal fragment that inhibits IkappaBalpha and enhances HIV-1 replication in human T lymphocytes. Retrovirology 2008; 5:109. [PMID: 19046417 PMCID: PMC2631510 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-5-109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2008] [Accepted: 12/01/2008] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Degradation of p65/RelA has been involved in both the inhibition of NF-κB-dependent activity and the onset of apoptosis. However, the mechanisms of NF-κB degradation are unclear and can vary depending on the cell type. Cleavage of p65/RelA can produce an amino-terminal fragment that was shown to act as a dominant-negative inhibitor of NF-κB, thereby promoting apoptosis. However, the opposite situation has also been described and the production of a carboxy-terminal fragment that contains two potent transactivation domains has also been related to the onset of apoptosis. In this context, a carboxy-terminal fragment of p65/RelA (ΔNH2p65), detected in non-apoptotic human T lymphocytes upon activation, has been studied. T cells constitute one of the long-lived cellular reservoirs of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Because NF-κB is the most important inducible element involved in initiation of HIV-1 transcription, an adequate control of NF-κB response is of paramount importance for both T cell survival and viral spread. Its major inhibitor IκBα constitutes a master terminator of NF-κB response that is complemented by degradation of p65/RelA. Results and conclusions In this study, the function of a caspase-3-mediated carboxy-terminal fragment of p65/RelA, which was detected in activated human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs), was analyzed. Cells producing this truncated p65/RelA did not undergo apoptosis but showed a high viability, in spite of caspase-3 activation. ΔNH2p65 lacked most of DNA-binding domain but retained the dimerization domain, NLS and transactivation domains. Consequently, it could translocate to the nucleus, associate with NF-κB1/p50 and IκBα, but could not bind -κB consensus sites. However, although ΔNH2p65 lacked transcriptional activity by itself, it could increase NF-κB activity in a dose-dependent manner by hijacking IκBα. Thus, its expression resulted in a persistent transactivation activity of wild-type p65/RelA, as well as an improvement of HIV-1 replication in PBLs. Moreover, ΔNH2p65 was increased in the nuclei of PMA-, PHA-, and TNFα-activated T cells, proving this phenomenon was related to cell activation. These data suggest the existence of a novel mechanism for maintaining NF-κB activity in human T cells through the binding of the carboxy-terminal fragment of p65/RelA to IκBα in order to protect wild-type p65/RelA from IκBα inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayte Coiras
- AIDS Immunopathology Unit, National Center of Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
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Gregory D, Godbout M, Contreras I, Forget G, Olivier M. A novel form of NF-κB is induced byLeishmaniainfection: Involvement in macrophage gene expression. Eur J Immunol 2008; 38:1071-81. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.200737586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Ramsey CS, Yeung F, Stoddard PB, Li D, Creutz CE, Mayo MW. Copine-I represses NF-kappaB transcription by endoproteolysis of p65. Oncogene 2008; 27:3516-26. [PMID: 18212740 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1211030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) is a dynamic transcription factor that regulates important biological processes involved in cancer initiation and progression. Identifying regulators that control the half-life of NF-kappaB is important to understanding molecular processes that control the duration of transcriptional responses. In this study we identify copine-I, a calcium phospholipid-binding protein, as a novel repressor that physically interacts with p65 to inhibit NF-kappaB transcription. Knockdown of copine-I by siRNA increases tumor necrosis factor alpha-stimulated NF-kappaB transcription, while copine-I expression blocks endogenous transcription. Copine-I abolishes NF-kappaB transcription by inducing endoprotease processing of the N-terminus of p65, a process antagonized by IkappaB alpha. Copine-I stimulates endoproteolysis of p65 within a conserved region that is required for base-specific contact with DNA. p65 proteins lacking the N-terminus fail to bind to DNA and act as dominant-negative molecules that inhibit NF-kappaB transcription. Our work provides evidence that copine-I regulates the half-life of NF-kappaB transcriptional responses through a novel mechanism that involves endoproteolysis of the p65 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Ramsey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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Malik F, Kumar A, Bhushan S, Khan S, Bhatia A, Suri KA, Qazi GN, Singh J. Reactive oxygen species generation and mitochondrial dysfunction in the apoptotic cell death of human myeloid leukemia HL-60 cells by a dietary compound withaferin A with concomitant protection by N-acetyl cysteine. Apoptosis 2007; 12:2115-33. [PMID: 17874299 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-007-0129-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Induction of apoptosis in cancer cells has become the major focus of anti-cancer therapeutics development. WithaferinA, a major chemical constituent of Withania somnifera, reportedly shows cytotoxicity in a variety of tumor cell lines while its molecular mechanisms of action are not fully understood. We observed that withaferinA primarily induces oxidative stress in human leukemia HL-60 cells and in several other cancer cell lines. The withanolide induced early ROS generation and mitochondrial membrane potential (Deltapsi(mt)) loss, which preceded release of cytochrome c, translocation of Bax to mitochondria and apoptosis inducing factor to cell nuclei. These events paralleled activation of caspases -9, -3 and PARP cleavage. WA also activated extrinsic pathway significantly as evidenced by time dependent increase in caspase-8 activity vis-à-vis TNFR-1 over expression. WA mediated decreased expression of Bid may be an important event for cross talk between intrinsic and extrinsic signaling. Furthermore, withaferinA inhibited DNA binding of NF-kappaB and caused nuclear cleavage of p65/Rel by activated caspase-3. N-acetyl-cysteine rescued all these events suggesting thereby a pro-oxidant effect of withaferinA. The results of our studies demonstrate that withaferinA induced early ROS generation and mitochondrial dysfunction in cancer cells trigger events responsible for mitochondrial -dependent and -independent apoptosis pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fayaz Malik
- Division of Pharmacology, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Canal Road, Jammu-Tawi 180001, India
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Li ZB, Wang JY, Jiang B, Zhang XL, An LJ, Bao YM. Benzobijuglone, a novel cytotoxic compound from Juglans mandshurica, induced apoptosis in HeLa cervical cancer cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2007; 14:846-852. [PMID: 17959366 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2007.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2007] [Revised: 07/02/2007] [Accepted: 09/02/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A new quinone compound, p-hydroxymethoxybenzobijuglone (HMBBJ), isolated from Juglans mandshurica by bioassay-guided fractionation, showed cytotoxic activity against HeLa cell line. Its chemical structure was determined by NMR and HREIMS spectra. In this paper, its ability to induce apoptosis in HeLa cells was studied for the first time. After treated with HMBBJ, the growth of HeLa cells was inhibited and cells displayed typical morphological apoptotic characteristics. Data from flow cytometry analysis showed that the HeLa cell cycle was arrested in the G2/M phase by HMBBJ, and the apoptotic rate of HeLa cells increased in a dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, HMBBJ increased the expression of caspase-8, -3 and Bax, decreased the expression of Bcl-2, and lowered the DeltaPsi(m). These findings reveal that HMBBJ could efficiently induce HeLa cells apoptosis through mitochondria dependent pathway and activation of the caspase cascade, and it may be a potential chemotherapeutic candidate for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Bo Li
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, PR China
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Silk RN, Bowick GC, Abrams CC, Dixon LK. African swine fever virus A238L inhibitor of NF-kappaB and of calcineurin phosphatase is imported actively into the nucleus and exported by a CRM1-mediated pathway. J Gen Virol 2007; 88:411-419. [PMID: 17251557 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.82358-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined nuclear and cytoplasmic shuttling of the African swine fever virus (ASFV) A238L protein, which is an inhibitor of NF-kappaB and of calcineurin phosphatase. The results showed that the protein was present in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm in ASFV-infected cells and that the higher molecular mass 32 kDa form of the A238L protein was the predominant nuclear form, which accumulated later in infection. In contrast, both the 28 and 32 kDa forms of the A238L protein were present in the cytoplasm. The A238L protein was actively imported into the nucleus and exported by a CRM1-mediated pathway, although a pool of the protein remained in the cytoplasm and did not enter the nucleus. By using a recombinant ASFV from which the A238L gene had been deleted, it was shown that expression of A238L did not inhibit nuclear import of the NF-kappaB p50 or p65 subunit and did not inhibit nuclear export of p65 by a CRM1-mediated pathway. The results were consistent with a model in which A238L functions within both the nucleus and the cytoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhiannon N Silk
- Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright Laboratory, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Gavin C Bowick
- Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright Laboratory, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Charles C Abrams
- Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright Laboratory, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Linda K Dixon
- Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright Laboratory, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK
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Pajonk F, Riedisser A, Henke M, McBride WH, Fiebich B. The effects of tea extracts on proinflammatory signaling. BMC Med 2006; 4:28. [PMID: 17140430 PMCID: PMC1698929 DOI: 10.1186/1741-7015-4-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2006] [Accepted: 12/01/2006] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin toxicity is a common side effect of radiotherapy for solid tumors. Its management can cause treatment gaps and thus can impair cancer treatment. At present, in many countries no standard recommendation for treatment of skin during radiotherapy exists. In this study, we explored the effect of topically-applied tea extracts on the duration of radiation-induced skin toxicity. We investigated the underlying molecular mechanisms and compared effects of tea extracts with the effects of epigallocatechin-gallate, the proposed most-active moiety of green tea. METHODS Data from 60 patients with cancer of the head and neck or pelvic region topically treated with green or black tea extracts were analyzed retrospectively. Tea extracts were compared for their ability to modulate IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, TNFalpha and PGE2 release from human monocytes. Effects of tea extracts on 26S proteasome function were assessed. NF-kappaB activity was monitored by EMSAs. Viability and radiation response of macrophages after exposure to tea extracts was measured by MTT assays. RESULTS Tea extracts supported the restitution of skin integrity. Tea extracts inhibited proteasome function and suppressed cytokine release. NF-kappaB activity was altered by tea extracts in a complex, caspase-dependent manner, which differed from the effects of epigallocatechin-gallate. Additionally, both tea extracts, as well as epigallocatechin-gallate, slightly protected macrophages from ionizing radiation CONCLUSION Tea extracts are an efficient, broadly available treatment option for patients suffering from acute radiation-induced skin toxicity. The molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects are complex, and most likely not exclusively dependent on effects of tea polyphenols such as epigallocatechin-gallate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Pajonk
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1714, USA
| | - Anja Riedisser
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Henke
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Freiburg, Germany
| | - William H McBride
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1714, USA
| | - Bernd Fiebich
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Freiburg, Germany
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Zhang Z, Ma J, Li N, Sun N, Wang C. Expression of Nuclear Factor-κB and Its Clinical Significance in Nonsmall-Cell Lung Cancer. Ann Thorac Surg 2006; 82:243-8. [PMID: 16798222 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2006.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2005] [Revised: 01/07/2006] [Accepted: 01/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been known that transcription factor nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB plays an important role in cell proliferation and oncogenesis. The aims of this study were to evaluate expression levels of NF-kappaB in nonsmall-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and to elucidate its clinical significance and prognostic value for patients with NSCLC. METHODS Using 45 tumor tissue specimens from 45 patients with NSCLC who underwent surgery, we investigated the expression of NF-kappaB using Western blotting analysis. Apoptotic rate of NSCLC cells with different expression of NF-kappaB was determined by TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end-labeling) assay. Paraffin-embedded tissue blocks from 71 consecutive patients with NSCLC were obtained for immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS The expression level of NF-kappaB in poorly or moderately differentiated lung cancer cells was higher than that in well-differentiated ones (p = 0.001). The apoptotic rate was lower for lung cancer cells with higher NF-kappaB expression than for those with lower NF-kappaB expression (p = 0.0238). Furthermore, expression of NF-kappaB was correlated with caspase-3, cyclooxygenase-2, and p53 expression in lung cancer cells that were examined. Most NSCLC cells showed nuclear staining pattern and the nuclear positive rate was 67.6% (48 of 71 specimens). Immunohistochemical NF-kappaB expression in patients with NSCLC was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study suggest that expression of NF-kappaB may correlate with lung cancer differentiation. Overexpression of NF-kappaB inhibits tumor cell apoptosis and indicates an unfavorable prognosis for overall survival in some patients with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfa Zhang
- Department of Lung Cancer, Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Tian Jin Medical University, Tian Jin City, China
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