1
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Zhao Z, Du Y, Yan K, Zhang L, Guo Q. Exercise and osteoimmunology in bone remodeling. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23554. [PMID: 38588175 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301508rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Bones can form the scaffolding of the body, support the organism, coordinate somatic movements, and control mineral homeostasis and hematopoiesis. The immune system plays immune supervisory, defensive, and regulatory roles in the organism, which mainly consists of immune organs (spleen, bone marrow, tonsils, lymph nodes, etc.), immune cells (granulocytes, platelets, lymphocytes, etc.), and immune molecules (immune factors, interferons, interleukins, tumor necrosis factors, etc.). Bone and the immune system have long been considered two distinct fields of study, and the bone marrow, as a shared microenvironment between the bone and the immune system, closely links the two. Osteoimmunology organically combines bone and the immune system, elucidates the role of the immune system in bone, and creatively emphasizes its interdisciplinary characteristics and the function of immune cells and factors in maintaining bone homeostasis, providing new perspectives for skeletal-related field research. In recent years, bone immunology has gradually become a hot spot in the study of bone-related diseases. As a new branch of immunology, bone immunology emphasizes that the immune system can directly or indirectly affect bones through the RANKL/RANK/OPG signaling pathway, IL family, TNF-α, TGF-β, and IFN-γ. These effects are of great significance for understanding inflammatory bone loss caused by various autoimmune or infectious diseases. In addition, as an external environment that plays an important role in immunity and bone, this study pays attention to the role of exercise-mediated bone immunity in bone reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghan Zhao
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxiang Du
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Yan
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingli Zhang
- College of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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2
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Lima Teixeira JF, Henning P, Cintra Magalhães FA, Coletto-Nunes G, Floriano-Marcelino T, Westerlund A, Movérare-Skrtic S, Oliveira GJPL, Lerner UH, Souza PPC. Osteoprotective effect by interleukin-4 (IL-4) on lipoprotein-induced periodontitis. Cytokine 2023; 172:156399. [PMID: 37898012 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Lipoproteins are immunostimulatory bacterial components suggested to participate in inflammation-induced bone loss in periodontal disease through stimulation of osteoclast differentiation. Toll-like receptor 2 activation by Pam2CSK4 (PAM2), known to mimic bacterial lipoproteins, was previously shown to enhance periodontal bone resorption in mice. The anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-4 (IL-4) is a known inhibitor of RANKL-induced bone resorption in vitro. Here, we have investigated whether IL-4 could decrease PAM2-induced periodontal bone loss and osteoclastogenesis in vivo. In a model of periodontitis induced by gingival injections of PAM2 in mice, concomitant injections of IL-4 reduced bone loss. Histologically, IL-4 reduced the recruitment of inflammatory cells and the formation of TRAP+ osteoclasts stimulated by PAM2. Mouse bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) and neonatal calvarial osteoblasts were used to assess the effect of IL-4 on PAM2-induced osteoclastogenesis in vitro. In RANKL-primed BMMs stimulated by PAM2 Nfatc1, Ctsk, and Acp5 gene expression was up-regulated and resulted in robust formation of TRAP+ multinucleated osteoclasts, effects which were impaired by IL-4. These effects were mediated by impairment in PAM2-induced c-fos expression. In primary calvarial osteoblast cultures, IL-4 decreased PAM2-induced Tnfsf11 (encoding RANKL) mRNA and enhanced Tnfrsf11b (encoding OPG) expression. Our data demonstrate that the osteoprotective effect by IL-4 on lipoprotein-induced periodontal disease occurs through the inhibition of osteoclastogenesis by three mechanisms, one by acting directly on osteoclast progenitors, another by acting indirectly through decreasing the expression of osteoclast-regulating cytokines in osteoblasts and a third by decreasing inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge F Lima Teixeira
- Department of Pathology and Physiology, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Univ. Est. Paulista - UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Petra Henning
- Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre and Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute for Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Glaucia Coletto-Nunes
- Department of Pathology and Physiology, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Univ. Est. Paulista - UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Thais Floriano-Marcelino
- Department of Pathology and Physiology, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, Univ. Est. Paulista - UNESP, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Anna Westerlund
- Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre and Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute for Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sofia Movérare-Skrtic
- Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre and Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute for Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Guilherme J P L Oliveira
- Department of Periodontology and Implantodontology, Dental School, Federal University of Uberlândia - UFU, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Ulf H Lerner
- Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre and Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research at Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute for Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pedro Paulo C Souza
- Innovation in Biomaterials Laboratory (iBioM), Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Goiás - UFG, Goiânia, Brazil.
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3
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Kim C. Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinases Play Essential but Contrasting Roles in Osteoclast Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15342. [PMID: 37895023 PMCID: PMC10607827 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone homeostasis is regulated by the balanced actions of osteoblasts that form the bone and osteoclasts (OCs) that resorb the bone. Bone-resorbing OCs are differentiated from hematopoietic monocyte/macrophage lineage cells, whereas osteoblasts are derived from mesenchymal progenitors. OC differentiation is induced by two key cytokines, macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), a factor essential for the proliferation and survival of the OCs, and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL), a factor for responsible for the differentiation of the OCs. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), including extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs), p38, and c-Jun N-terminal kinases, play an essential role in regulating the proliferation, differentiation, and function of OCs. ERKs have been known to play a critical role in the differentiation and activation of OCs. In most cases, ERKs positively regulate OC differentiation and function. However, several reports present conflicting conclusions. Interestingly, the inhibition of OC differentiation by ERK1/2 is observed only in OCs differentiated from RAW 264.7 cells. Therefore, in this review, we summarize the current understanding of the conflicting actions of ERK1/2 in OC differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaekyun Kim
- BK21 Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Laboratory for Leukocyte Signaling Research, Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
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4
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Xu J, Yu L, Liu F, Wan L, Deng Z. The effect of cytokines on osteoblasts and osteoclasts in bone remodeling in osteoporosis: a review. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1222129. [PMID: 37475866 PMCID: PMC10355373 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1222129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The complicated connections and cross talk between the skeletal system and the immune system are attracting more attention, which is developing into the field of Osteoimmunology. In this field, cytokines that are among osteoblasts and osteoclasts play a critical role in bone remodeling, which is a pathological process in the pathogenesis and development of osteoporosis. Those cytokines include the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family, the interleukin (IL) family, interferon (IFN), chemokines, and so on, most of which influence the bone microenvironment, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts. This review summarizes the effect of cytokines on osteoblasts and osteoclasts in bone remodeling in osteoporosis, aiming to providing the latest reference to the role of immunology in osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Linxin Yu
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Longbiao Wan
- Department of Orthopedics, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenhua Deng
- Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Wuhan, China
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5
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Okamoto K, Takayanagi H. Effect of T cells on bone. Bone 2023; 168:116675. [PMID: 36638904 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2023.116675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Bone and immune systems mutually influence each other by sharing a variety of regulatory molecules and the tissue microenvironment. The interdisciplinary research field "osteoimmunology" has illuminated the complex and dynamic interactions between the two systems in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis as well as in the development of immune and skeletal disorders. T cells play a central role in the immune response by secreting various immune factors and stimulating other immune cells and structural cells such as fibroblasts and epithelial cells, thereby contributing to pathogen elimination and pathogenesis of immune diseases. The finding on regulation of osteoclastic bone resorption by activated CD4+ T cells in rheumatoid arthritis was one of the driving forces for the development of osteoimmunology. With advances in research on helper T cell subsets and rare lymphoid cells such as γδ T cells in the immunology field, it is becoming clear that various types of T cells exert multiple effects on bone metabolism depending on immune context. Understanding the diverse effects of T cells on bone is essential for deciphering the osteoimmune regulatory network in various biological settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Okamoto
- Department of Osteoimmunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Takayanagi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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6
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Weivoda MM, Bradley EW. Macrophages and Bone Remodeling. J Bone Miner Res 2023; 38:359-369. [PMID: 36651575 PMCID: PMC10023335 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Bone remodeling in the adult skeleton facilitates the removal and replacement of damaged and old bone to maintain bone quality. Tight coordination of bone resorption and bone formation during remodeling crucially maintains skeletal mass. Increasing evidence suggests that many cell types beyond osteoclasts and osteoblasts support bone remodeling, including macrophages and other myeloid lineage cells. Herein, we discuss the origin and functions for macrophages in the bone microenvironment, tissue resident macrophages, osteomacs, as well as newly identified osteomorphs that result from osteoclast fission. We also touch on the role of macrophages during inflammatory bone resorption. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth W. Bradley
- Department of Orthopedics and Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
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7
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Chen B, Liang Y, Song Y, Liang Y, Jiao J, Bai H, Li Y. Photothermal-Controlled Release of IL-4 in IL-4/PDA-Immobilized Black Titanium Dioxide (TiO 2) Nanotubes Surface to Enhance Osseointegration: An In Vivo Study. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:5962. [PMID: 36079344 PMCID: PMC9457063 DOI: 10.3390/ma15175962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Host immune response has gradually been accepted as a critical factor in achieving successful implant osseointegration. The aim of this study is to create a favorable immune microenvironment by the dominant release of IL-4 during the initial few days after implant insertion to mitigate early inflammatory reactions and facilitate osseointegration. Herein, the B-TNT/PDA/IL-4 substrate was established by immobilizing an interleukin-4 (IL-4)/polydopamine (PDA) coating on a black TiO2 nanotube (B-TNT) surface, achieving on-demand IL-4 release under near infrared (NIR) irradiation. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analyses based on high-throughput DNA microarray data revealed that IL-4 addition inhibited osteoclast differentiation and function. Animal experiment results suggested that the B-TNT/PDA/IL-4+Laser substrate induced the least inflammatory, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, inducible nitric oxide synthase and the most CD163 positive cells, compared to the Ti group at 7 days post-implantation. In addition, 28 days post-implantation, micro-computed tomography results showed the highest bone volume/total volume, trabecular thickness, trabecular number and the lowest trabecular separation, while Hematoxylin-eosin and Masson-trichrome staining revealed the largest amount of new bone formation for the B-TNT/PDA/IL-4+Laser group. This study revealed the osteoimmunoregulatory function of the novel B-TNT/PDA/IL-4 surface by photothermal release of IL-4 at an early period post-implantation, thus paving a new way for dental implant surface modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Chen
- School of Dentistry, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yu Liang
- School of Dentistry, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yunjia Song
- School of Dentistry, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yunkai Liang
- School of Dentistry, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Jian Jiao
- School of Dentistry, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Hong Bai
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology and Key Laboratory of the Educational Ministry of China, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Ying Li
- School of Dentistry, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
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8
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Insights into the Role of Macrophage Polarization in the Pathogenesis of Osteoporosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:2485959. [PMID: 35707276 PMCID: PMC9192196 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2485959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Millions of people worldwide suffer from osteoporosis, which causes bone fragility and increases the risk of fractures. Osteoporosis is closely related to the inhibition of osteogenesis and the enhancement of osteoclastogenesis. In addition, chronic inflammation and macrophage polarization may contribute to osteoporosis as well. Macrophages, crucial to inflammatory responses, display different phenotypes under the control of microenvironment. There are two major phenotypes, classically activated macrophages (M1) and alternatively activated macrophages (M2). Generally, M1 macrophages mainly lead to bone resorption, while M2 macrophages result in osteogenesis. M1/M2 ratio reflects the “fluid” state of macrophage polarization, and the imbalance of M1/M2 ratio may cause disease such as osteoporosis. Additionally, antioxidant drugs, such as melatonin, are applied to change the state of macrophage polarization and to treat osteoporosis. In this review, we introduce the mechanisms of macrophage polarization-mediated bone resorption and bone formation and the contribution to the clinical strategies of osteoporosis treatment.
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9
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Zou W, Izawa T, Rohatgi N, Zou SY, Li Y, Teitelbaum SL. ThPOK
inhibits osteoclast formation via
NFATc1
transcription and function. JBMR Plus 2022; 6:e10613. [PMID: 35434449 PMCID: PMC9009119 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Both LRF (Zbtb7a) and ThPOK (Zbtb7b) belong to the POK (BTB/POZ and Kruppel) family of transcription repressors that participate in development, differentiation, and oncogenesis. Although LRF mediates osteoclast differentiation by regulating NFATc1 expression, the principal established function of ThPOK is transcriptional control of T‐cell lineage commitment. Whether ThPOK affects osteoclast formation or function is not known. We find that marrow macrophage ThPOK expression diminishes with exposure to receptor activator of NF‐kB ligand (RANKL), but ThPOK deficiency does not affect osteoclast differentiation. On the other hand, enhanced ThPOK, in macrophages, substantially impairs osteoclastogenesis. Excess ThPOK binds the NFATc1 promoter and suppresses its transcription, suggesting a mechanism for its osteoclast inhibitory effect. Despite suppression of osteoclastogenesis by excess ThPOK being associated with diminished NFATc1, osteoclast formation is not rescued by NFATc1 overexpression. Thus, ThPOK appears to inhibit NFATc1 transcription and its osteoclastogenic capacity, while its depletion has no effect on the bone‐resorptive cell. © 2022 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zou
- Division of Anatomic and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology and Immunology Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis MO USA
| | - Takashi Izawa
- Division of Anatomic and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology and Immunology Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis MO USA
- Department of Orthodontics Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2‐5‐1 Shikata‐cho, Kita‐ku Okayama Japan
| | - Nidhi Rohatgi
- Division of Anatomic and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology and Immunology Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis MO USA
| | - Steven Y. Zou
- Division of Anatomic and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology and Immunology Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis MO USA
| | - Yongjia Li
- Division of Anatomic and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology and Immunology Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis MO USA
- Department of Pharmacology Jiangsu University School of Medicine Zhenjiang Jiangsu Province PR China
| | - Steven L. Teitelbaum
- Division of Anatomic and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology and Immunology Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis MO USA
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Medicine Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis MO USA
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10
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Inflammatory Arthritis and Bone Metabolism Regulated by Type 2 Innate and Adaptive Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031104. [PMID: 35163028 PMCID: PMC8834748 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
While type 2 immunity has traditionally been associated with the control of parasitic infections and allergic reactions, increasing evidence suggests that type 2 immunity exerts regulatory functions on inflammatory diseases such as arthritis, and also on bone homeostasis. This review summarizes the current evidence of the regulatory role of type 2 immunity in arthritis and bone. Key type 2 cytokines, like interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13, but also others such as IL-5, IL-9, IL-25, and IL-33, exert regulatory properties on arthritis, dampening inflammation and inducing resolution of joint swelling. Furthermore, these cytokines share anti-osteoclastogenic properties and thereby reduce bone resorption and protect bone. Cellular effectors of this action are both T cells (i.e., Th2 and Th9 cells), but also non-T cells, like type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2). Key regulatory actions mediated by type 2 cytokines and immune cells on both inflammation as well as bone homeostasis are discussed.
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11
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Regulation of TNF-Induced Osteoclast Differentiation. Cells 2021; 11:cells11010132. [PMID: 35011694 PMCID: PMC8750957 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased osteoclast (OC) differentiation and activity is the critical event that results in bone loss and joint destruction in common pathological bone conditions, such as osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). RANKL and its decoy receptor, osteoprotegerin (OPG), control OC differentiation and activity. However, there is a specific concern of a rebound effect of denosumab discontinuation in treating osteoporosis. TNFα can induce OC differentiation that is independent of the RANKL/RANK system. In this review, we discuss the factors that negatively and positively regulate TNFα induction of OC formation, and the mechanisms involved to inform the design of new anti-resorptive agents for the treatment of bone conditions with enhanced OC formation. Similar to, and being independent of, RANKL, TNFα recruits TNF receptor-associated factors (TRAFs) to sequentially activate transcriptional factors NF-κB p50 and p52, followed by c-Fos, and then NFATc1 to induce OC differentiation. However, induction of OC formation by TNFα alone is very limited, since it also induces many inhibitory proteins, such as TRAF3, p100, IRF8, and RBP-j. TNFα induction of OC differentiation is, however, versatile, and Interleukin-1 or TGFβ1 can enhance TNFα-induced OC formation through a mechanism which is independent of RANKL, TRAF6, and/or NF-κB. However, TNFα polarized macrophages also produce anabolic factors, including insulin such as 6 peptide and Jagged1, to slow down bone loss in the pathological conditions. Thus, the development of novel approaches targeting TNFα signaling should focus on its downstream molecules that do not affect its anabolic effect.
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12
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Pajarinen J, Lin T, Nabeshima A, Sato T, Gibon E, Jämsen E, Khan TN, Yao Z, Goodman SB. Interleukin-4 repairs wear particle induced osteolysis by modulating macrophage polarization and bone turnover. J Biomed Mater Res A 2021; 109:1512-1520. [PMID: 33340244 PMCID: PMC8213865 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Periprosthetic osteolysis remains as a major complication of total joint replacement surgery. Modulation of macrophage polarization with interleukin-4 (IL-4) has emerged as an effective means to limit wear particle-induced osteolysis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of local IL-4 delivery in treating preexisting particle-induced osteolysis. To this end, recently established 8 week modification of murine continuous femoral intramedullary particle infusion model was utilized. Subcutaneous infusion pumps were used to deliver polyethylene (PE) particles into mouse distal femur for 4 weeks to induce osteolysis. IL-4 was then added to the particle infusion for another 4 weeks. This delayed IL-4 treatment (IL-4 Del) was compared to IL-4 delivered continuously (IL-4 Cont) with PE particles from the beginning and to the infusion of particles alone for 8 weeks. Both IL-4 treatments were highly effective in preventing and repairing preexisting particle-induced bone loss as assessed by μCT. Immunofluorescence indicated a significant reduction in the number of F4/80 + iNOS + M1 macrophages and increase in the number of F4/80 + CD206 + M2 macrophages with both IL-4 treatments. Reduction in the number of tartrate resistant acid phosphatase + osteoclasts and increase in the amount of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) + osteoblasts was also observed with both IL-4 treatments likely explaining the regeneration of bone in these samples. Interesting, slightly more bone formation and ALP + osteoblasts were seen in the IL-4 Del group than in the IL-4 Cont group although these differences were not statistically significant. The study is a proof of principle that osteolytic lesions can be repaired via modulation of macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jukka Pajarinen
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Department of Musculoskeletal and Plastic Surgery, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medicine, Clinicum, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tzuhua Lin
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Akira Nabeshima
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Taishi Sato
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Emmanuel Gibon
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Eemeli Jämsen
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Department of Medicine, Clinicum, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tahsin N. Khan
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Zhenyu Yao
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Stuart B. Goodman
- Orthopaedic Research Laboratories, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California
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13
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Tsubaki M, Takeda T, Matsuda T, Yamamoto Y, Higashinaka A, Yamamoto K, Tsurushima K, Ishizaka T, Nishida S. Interleukin 19 suppresses RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis via the inhibition of NF-κB and p38MAPK activation and c-Fos expression in RAW264.7 cells. Cytokine 2021; 144:155591. [PMID: 34052656 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin 19 (IL-19) is a member of the IL-10 family of cytokines and is known as an inhibitory cytokine. IL-10, also an inhibitory cytokine, suppresses the receptor activator of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation. However, the effects of IL-19 on osteoclast differentiation are not currently well-understood. In this study, we examined whether IL-19 suppresses osteoclast differentiation in the mouse macrophage-like cell line RAW264.7. We found that IL-19 inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation. In addition, IL-19 suppressed RANKL-induced NF-κB and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) activation and c-Fos expression. Moreover, RANKL inhibited IL-19 mRNA expression and secretion in RAW264.7 cells, and the inhibition of the IL-19 function promoted osteoclast differentiation. These results indicate that IL-19 suppressed osteoclast differentiation via the inhibition of NF-κB and p38MAPK activation and c-Fos expression. Furthermore, IL-19 may maintain the osteoclast precursor state, such as monocytes and macrophages. These findings may be useful in the development of osteoclast inhibitors, thereby improving treatments for osteoclast activation-related diseases, such as osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanobu Tsubaki
- Division of Pharmacotherapy, Kindai University School of Pharmacy, Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoya Takeda
- Division of Pharmacotherapy, Kindai University School of Pharmacy, Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Japan
| | - Takuya Matsuda
- Division of Pharmacotherapy, Kindai University School of Pharmacy, Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuuta Yamamoto
- Division of Pharmacotherapy, Kindai University School of Pharmacy, Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Japan
| | - Aki Higashinaka
- Division of Pharmacotherapy, Kindai University School of Pharmacy, Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Japan
| | - Kasane Yamamoto
- Division of Pharmacotherapy, Kindai University School of Pharmacy, Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Japan
| | - Katsumasa Tsurushima
- Division of Pharmacotherapy, Kindai University School of Pharmacy, Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Japan; Department of Pharmacy, Sakai City Medical Center, Sakai, Japan
| | | | - Shozo Nishida
- Division of Pharmacotherapy, Kindai University School of Pharmacy, Kowakae, Higashi-Osaka, Japan.
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14
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Freire MS, Oliveira NG, Lima SMF, Porto WF, Martins DCM, Silva ON, Chaves SB, Sousa MV, Ricart CAO, Castro MS, Fontes W, Franco OL, Rezende TMB. IL-4 absence triggers distinct pathways in apical periodontitis development. J Proteomics 2020; 233:104080. [PMID: 33338687 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.104080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dental pulp is a specialized tissue able to respond to infectious processes. Nevertheless, infection progress and root canal colonization trigger an immune-inflammatory response in tooth-surrounding tissues, leading to apical periodontitis and bone tissue destruction, further contributing to tooth loss. In order to shed some light on the effects of IL-4 on periradicular pathology development modulation, microtomographic, histological and proteomic analyses were performed using 60 mice, 30 wild type and 30 IL-4-/-. For that, 5 animals were used for microtomographic and histological analysis, and another 5 for proteomic analysis for 0, 7 and 21 days with/without pulp exposure. The periapical lesions were established in WT and IL-4-/- mice without statistical differences in their volume, and the value of p < 0.05 was adopted as significant in microtomographic and histological analyses. Regarding histological analysis, IL-4-/- mice show aggravation of pulp inflammation compared to WT. By using proteomic analysis, we have identified 32 proteins with increased abundance and 218 proteins with decreased abundance in WT animals after 21 days of pulp exposure, compared to IL-4-/- animals. However, IL-4-/- mice demonstrated faster development of apical periodontitis. These animals developed a compensatory mechanism to overcome IL-4 absence, putatively based on the identification of upregulated proteins related to immune system signaling pathways. Significance: IL-4 might play a protective role in diseases involving bone destruction and its activity may contribute to host protection, mainly due to its antiosteoclastogenic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirna S Freire
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia e Biodiversidade, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Curso de Odontologia, Centro Universitário do Planalto Central Apparecido dos Santos, UNICEPLAC, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Nelson G Oliveira
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Stella M F Lima
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Curso de Odontologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, UCB, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - William F Porto
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Porto Reports, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Danilo C M Martins
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, UnB, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Osmar N Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduacao em Ciências Farmacêuticas. Centro Universitário de Anápolis - UniEVANGELICA, Anápolis, GO, Brazil
| | - Sacha B Chaves
- Departamento de nanotecnologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brazil
| | - Marcelo V Sousa
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Química de Proteínas, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brazil
| | - Carlos A O Ricart
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Química de Proteínas, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brazil
| | - Mariana S Castro
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Química de Proteínas, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brazil
| | - Wagner Fontes
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Química de Proteínas, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Universidade de Brasília, Brazil
| | - Octavio L Franco
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia e Biodiversidade, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, UnB, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia Molecular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
| | - Taia M B Rezende
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Curso de Odontologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, UCB, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, UnB, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
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15
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Wang Y, Zhang W, Lim SM, Xu L, Jin JO. Interleukin-10-Producing B Cells Help Suppress Ovariectomy-Mediated Osteoporosis. Immune Netw 2020; 20:e50. [PMID: 33425435 PMCID: PMC7779870 DOI: 10.4110/in.2020.20.e50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is prevalent in elderly women and it may cause dental implant failure. In particular, estrogen deficiency in postmenopausal women leads to higher rates of osteoporosis prevalence. Immune cell-mediated effects involving the development of osteoporosis have been studied previously; however, the role of IL-10-producing regulatory B (B10) cells in osteoporosis is largely unclear. Here, we examined the role of B10 cells in osteoporosis. C57BL/6 mice were subjected to ovariectomy (OVX). Fifteen weeks after OVX surgery, the first molar of the right maxillary was extracted, and twenty-four weeks after OVX surgery, serous progression of osteoporosis was observed in the alveolar bone. Moreover, the proportion of CD19+CD5+CD1dhigh regulatory B cells, B10, and CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells from the spleen of OVX mice decreased during the progression of osteoporosis, compared to controls. In contrast to regulatory cells, IL-17-producing Th (Th17) cell levels were increased in OVX mice. Adoptive transfer of B10 cells to OVX mice led to a decrease in Th17 cell abundance and inhibited the development of osteoporosis in the alveolar bone from OVX mice. Thus, our results suggest that B10 cells may help suppress osteoporosis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Wang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Seong-Min Lim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea.,Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
| | - Li Xu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Jun-O Jin
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea.,Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea
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16
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Molstad DHH, Zars E, Norton A, Mansky KC, Westendorf JJ, Bradley EW. Hdac3 deletion in myeloid progenitor cells enhances bone healing in females and limits osteoclast fusion via Pmepa1. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21804. [PMID: 33311522 PMCID: PMC7733476 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78364-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies examining the role of the histone deacetylase Hdac3 within myeloid cells demonstrated that Hdac3 promotes M2 activation and tissue healing in inflammatory conditions. Since myeloid lineage cells are required for proper bone formation and regeneration, in this study we examined the functions of Hdac3 during bone healing. Conditional deletion of Hdac3 within myeloid progenitors accelerates healing of cortical bone defects. Moreover, reduced osteoclast numbers within the defect site are correlated with Hdac3 suppression. Ex vivo osteoclastogenesis assays further demonstrate that Hdac3 deficiency limits osteoclastogenesis, the number of nuclei per cell and bone resorption, suggesting a defect in cell fusion. High throughput RNA sequencing identified the transmembrane protein Pmepa1 as a differentially expressed gene within osteoclast progenitor cells. Knockdown of Pmepa1 partially restores defects in osteoclastogenesis induced by Hdac3 deficiency. These results show that Hdac3 is required for optimal bone healing and osteoclast fusion, potentially via its regulation of Pmepa1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H H Molstad
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Minnesota, Elizabeth W. Bradley, 100 Church St. S.E., Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Elizabeth Zars
- Departments of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Andrew Norton
- Developmental and Surgical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kim C Mansky
- Developmental and Surgical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jennifer J Westendorf
- Departments of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Elizabeth W Bradley
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Minnesota, Elizabeth W. Bradley, 100 Church St. S.E., Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
- Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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17
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Pantaroto HN, de Almeida AB, Gomes OP, Matos AO, Landers R, Casarin RCV, da Silva JHD, Nociti FH, Barão VAR. Outlining cell interaction and inflammatory cytokines on UV-photofunctionalized mixed-phase TiO 2 thin film. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 118:111438. [PMID: 33255031 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Photofunctionalization mediated by ultraviolet (UV) light seems to be a promising approach to improve the physico-chemical characteristics and the biological response of titanium (Ti) dental implants. Seeing that photofunctionalization is able to remove carbon from the surface, besides to promote reactions on the titanium dioxide (TiO2) layer, coating the Ti with a stable TiO2 film could potentialize the UV effect. Thus, here we determined the impact of UV-photofunctionalized mixed-phase (anatase and rutile) TiO2 films on the physico-chemical properties of Ti substrate and cell biology. Mixed-phase TiO2 films were grown by radiofrequency magnetron sputtering on commercially pure titanium (cpTi) discs, and samples were divided as follow: cpTi (negative control), TiO2 (positive control), cpTi UV, TiO2 UV (experimental). Photofunctionalization was performed using UVA (360 nm - 40 W) and UVC (250 nm - 40 W) lamps for 48 h. Surfaces were analyzed in terms of morphology, topography, chemical composition, crystalline phase, wettability and surface free energy. Pre-osteoblastic cells (MC3T3E1) were used to assess cell morphology and adhesion, metabolism, mineralization potential and cytokine secretion (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-6 and IL-17). TiO2-coated surfaces exhibited granular surface morphology and greater roughness. Photofunctionalization increased wettability (p < 0.05) and surface free energy (p < 0.001) on both surface conditions. TiO2-treated groups featured normal cell morphology and spreading, and greater cellular metabolic activity at 2 and 4 days (p < 0.05), whereas UV-photofunctionalized surfaces enhanced cell metabolism, cell adhered area, and calcium deposition (day 14) (p < 0.05). In general, assessed proteins were found slightly affected by either UV or TiO2 treatments. Altogether, our findings suggest that UV-photofunctionalized TiO2 surface has the potential to improve pre-osteoblastic cell differentiation and the ability of cells to form mineral nodules by modifying Ti physico-chemical properties towards a more stable context. UV-modified surfaces modulate the secretion of key inflammatory markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heloisa Navarro Pantaroto
- University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba Dental School, Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Amanda B de Almeida
- University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba Dental School, Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Orisson P Gomes
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Department of Physics, Av. Eng. Luís Edmundo C. Coube, 14-01, Bauru, São Paulo 17033-360, Brazil
| | - Adaias O Matos
- University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba Dental School, Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Richard Landers
- University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Gleb Wataghin Physics Institute, Department of Applied Physics, R. Sérgio Buarque de Holanda, 777, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-859, Brazil
| | - Renato Corrêa V Casarin
- University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba Dental School, Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13414-903, Brazil
| | - José Humberto D da Silva
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Department of Physics, Av. Eng. Luís Edmundo C. Coube, 14-01, Bauru, São Paulo 17033-360, Brazil
| | - Francisco H Nociti
- University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba Dental School, Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Valentim A R Barão
- University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba Dental School, Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, Av. Limeira, 901, Piracicaba, São Paulo 13414-903, Brazil; Institute of Biomaterials, Tribocorrosion and Nanomedicine (IBTN), Brazil.
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18
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Tang RH, Yang J, Fei J. New perspectives on traumatic bone infections. Chin J Traumatol 2020; 23:314-318. [PMID: 32847694 PMCID: PMC7718542 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjtee.2020.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we review the results of previous studies and summarize the effects of various factors on the regulation of bone metabolism in traumatic bone infections. Infection-related bone destruction incorporates pathogens and iatrogenic factors in the process of bone resorption dominated by the skeletal and immune systems. The development of bone immunology has established a bridge of communication between the skeletal system and the immune system. Exploring the effects of pathogens, skeletal systems, immune systems, and antibacterials on bone repair in infectious conditions can help improve the treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Hui Tang
- Health Team of 96824 Troops of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Kunming, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Emergency Department, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Fei
- Emergency Department, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China,State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China,Corresponding author. Emergency Department, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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19
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Muñoz J, Akhavan NS, Mullins AP, Arjmandi BH. Macrophage Polarization and Osteoporosis: A Review. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12102999. [PMID: 33007863 PMCID: PMC7601854 DOI: 10.3390/nu12102999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Over 200 million people suffer from osteoporosis worldwide. Individuals with osteoporosis have increased rates of bone resorption while simultaneously having impaired osteogenesis. Most current treatments for osteoporosis focus on anti-resorptive methods to prevent further bone loss. However, it is important to identify safe and cost-efficient treatments that not only inhibit bone resorption, but also stimulate anabolic mechanisms to upregulate osteogenesis. Recent data suggest that macrophage polarization may contribute to osteoblast differentiation and increased osteogenesis as well as bone mineralization. Macrophages exist in two major polarization states, classically activated macrophages (M1) and alternatively activated macrophage (M2) macrophages. The polarization state of macrophages is dependent on molecules in the microenvironment including several cytokines and chemokines. Mechanistically, M2 macrophages secrete osteogenic factors that stimulate the differentiation and activation of pre-osteoblastic cells, such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSC’s), and subsequently increase bone mineralization. In this review, we cover the mechanisms by which M2 macrophages contribute to osteogenesis and postulate the hypothesis that regulating macrophage polarization states may be a potential treatment for the treatment of osteoporosis.
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20
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Osteoclasts and Microgravity. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:life10090207. [PMID: 32947946 PMCID: PMC7555718 DOI: 10.3390/life10090207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Astronauts are at risk of losing 1.0% to 1.5% of their bone mass for every month they spend in space despite their adherence to diets and exercise regimens designed to protect their musculoskeletal systems. This loss is the result of microgravity-related impairment of osteocyte and osteoblast function and the consequent upregulation of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. This review describes the ontogeny of osteoclast hematopoietic stem cells and the contributions macrophage colony stimulating factor, receptor activator of the nuclear factor-kappa B ligand, and the calcineurin pathways make in osteoclast differentiation and provides details of bone formation, the osteoclast cytoskeleton, the immune regulation of osteoclasts, and osteoclast mechanotransduction on Earth, in space, and under conditions of simulated microgravity. The article discusses the need to better understand how osteoclasts are able to function in zero gravity and reviews current and prospective therapies that may be used to treat osteoclast-mediated bone disease.
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21
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Lin X, Yuan G, Li Z, Zhou M, Hu X, Song F, Shao S, Fu F, Zhao J, Xu J, Liu Q, Feng H. Ellagic acid protects ovariectomy-induced bone loss in mice by inhibiting osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:5951-5961. [PMID: 32026468 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a devastating disease that features reduced bone quantity and microstructure, which causes fragility fracture and increases mortality, especially in the aged population. Due to the long-term side-effects of current drugs for osteoporosis, it is of importance to find other safe and effective medications. Ellagic acid (EA) is a phenolic compound found in nut galls, plant extracts, and fruits, and exhibits antioxidant and antineoplastic effects. Here, we showed that EA attenuated the formation and function of osteoclast dose-dependently. The underlying mechanism was further discovered by western blot, immunofluorescence assay, and luciferase assay, which elucidated that EA suppressed osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption mainly through attenuating receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) ligand-induced NF-κB activation and extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling pathways, accompanied by decreased protein expression of nuclear factor of activated T-cells calcineurin-dependent 1 and c-Fos. Moreover, EA inhibits osteoclast marker genes expression including Dc-stamp, Ctsk, Atp6v0d2, and Acp5. Intriguingly, we also found that EA treatment could significantly protect ovariectomy-induced bone loss in vivo. Conclusively, this study suggested that EA might have the therapeutic potentiality for preventing or treating osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Lin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China
- Department of Trauma Orthopedic and Hand Surgery, Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China
| | - Guixin Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhaoning Li
- Department of orthopedics, Dongguan people's hospital, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Mengyu Zhou
- Department of Dentistry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xianghua Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fangming Song
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China
- Department of Trauma Orthopedic and Hand Surgery, Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China
| | - Siyuan Shao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China
- Department of Trauma Orthopedic and Hand Surgery, Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China
| | - Fangsheng Fu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China
- Department of Trauma Orthopedic and Hand Surgery, Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China
| | - Jinmin Zhao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China
- Department of Trauma Orthopedic and Hand Surgery, Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiake Xu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Trauma Orthopedic and Hand Surgery, Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China
| | - Haotian Feng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China
- Department of Trauma Orthopedic and Hand Surgery, Research Centre for Regenerative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, China
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22
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Uehara IA, Soldi LR, Silva MJB. Current perspectives of osteoclastogenesis through estrogen modulated immune cell cytokines. Life Sci 2020; 256:117921. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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23
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Osteocyte-Related Cytokines Regulate Osteoclast Formation and Bone Resorption. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21145169. [PMID: 32708317 PMCID: PMC7404053 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The process of bone remodeling is the result of the regulated balance between bone cell populations, namely bone-forming osteoblasts, bone-resorbing osteoclasts, and the osteocyte, the mechanosensory cell type. Osteoclasts derived from the hematopoietic stem cell lineage are the principal cells involved in bone resorption. In osteolytic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, periodontitis, and osteoporosis, the balance is lost and changes in favor of bone resorption. Therefore, it is vital to elucidate the mechanisms of osteoclast formation and bone resorption. It has been reported that osteocytes express Receptor activator of nuclear factor κΒ ligand (RANKL), an essential factor for osteoclast formation. RANKL secreted by osteocytes is the most important factor for physiologically supported osteoclast formation in the developing skeleton and in pathological bone resorption such as experimental periodontal bone loss. TNF-α directly enhances RANKL expression in osteocytes and promotes osteoclast formation. Moreover, TNF-α enhances sclerostin expression in osteocytes, which also increases osteoclast formation. These findings suggest that osteocyte-related cytokines act directly to enhance osteoclast formation and bone resorption. In this review, we outline the most recent knowledge concerning bone resorption-related cytokines and discuss the osteocyte as the master regulator of bone resorption and effector in osteoclast formation.
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Abstract
Cytokines and hematopoietic growth factors have traditionally been thought of as regulators of the development and function of immune and blood cells. However, an ever-expanding number of these factors have been discovered to have major effects on bone cells and the development of the skeleton in health and disease (Table 1). In addition, several cytokines have been directly linked to the development of osteoporosis in both animal models and in patients. In order to understand the mechanisms regulating bone cells and how this may be dysregulated in disease states, it is necessary to appreciate the diverse effects that cytokines and inflammation have on osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and bone mass. This chapter provides a broad overview of this topic with extensive references so that, if desired, readers can access specific references to delve into individual topics in greater detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Lorenzo
- Departments of Medicine and Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA.
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25
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Gao F, Yuan Q, Cai P, Gao L, Zhao L, Liu M, Yao Y, Chai Z, Gao X. Au Clusters Treat Rheumatoid Arthritis with Uniquely Reversing Cartilage/Bone Destruction. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1801671. [PMID: 30989021 PMCID: PMC6446600 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201801671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Super-small nanoclusters may intrinsically trigger specific molecular pathway for disease treatment in vitro/vivo. To prove the hypothesis the super-small nanoclusters, e.g., Au clusters, are directly used to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in vitro/vivo. RA is a chronic autoimmune disease that is characterized by the inflammation of joints and the unreversible destruction of the cartilage/bone. Au clusters significantly suppress lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced proinflammatory mediator production in the murine macrophage cell line by inhibiting the signaling pathways that regulate the major proinflammatory mediator genes. In preclinical rat RA studies, Au clusters strongly prevent type II collagen-induced rat RA without systemic side effects. Compared with the clinical first-line anchored anti-RA drug, methotrexate, Au clusters equally inhibit inflammation in vivo. Type II collagen-induced rat RA is characterized with the destruction of cartilage/bone; treatment with Au clusters reverses the destruction of cartilage/bone to its normal state. This is because Au clusters directly inhibit receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation and function through the downregulation of osteoclast-specific genetic marker expression. However the methotrexate almost has no positive effect for this key issue in rat RA therapy. These data prove that the super-small nanoclusters, e.g., Au clusters, could be a novel candidate nanodrug for RA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuping Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory for the Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and NanosafetyInstitute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Qing Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory for the Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and NanosafetyInstitute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing100124China
| | - Pengju Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory for the Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and NanosafetyInstitute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Liang Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory for the Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and NanosafetyInstitute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing100124China
| | - Lina Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory for the Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and NanosafetyInstitute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Meiqing Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for the Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and NanosafetyInstitute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Yawen Yao
- CAS Key Laboratory for the Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and NanosafetyInstitute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Zhifang Chai
- CAS Key Laboratory for the Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and NanosafetyInstitute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and ProtectionSoochow UniversitySuzhou, Jiangsu215123China
| | - Xueyun Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory for the Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and NanosafetyInstitute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing100124China
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Lee K, Seo I, Choi MH, Jeong D. Roles of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases in Osteoclast Biology. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103004. [PMID: 30275408 PMCID: PMC6213329 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone undergoes continuous remodeling, which is homeostatically regulated by concerted communication between bone-forming osteoblasts and bone-degrading osteoclasts. Multinucleated giant osteoclasts are the only specialized cells that degrade or resorb the organic and inorganic bone components. They secrete proteases (e.g., cathepsin K) that degrade the organic collagenous matrix and establish localized acidosis at the bone-resorbing site through proton-pumping to facilitate the dissolution of inorganic mineral. Osteoporosis, the most common bone disease, is caused by excessive bone resorption, highlighting the crucial role of osteoclasts in intact bone remodeling. Signaling mediated by mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), including extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38, has been recognized to be critical for normal osteoclast differentiation and activation. Various exogenous (e.g., toll-like receptor agonists) and endogenous (e.g., growth factors and inflammatory cytokines) stimuli contribute to determining whether MAPKs positively or negatively regulate osteoclast adhesion, migration, fusion and survival, and osteoclastic bone resorption. In this review, we delineate the unique roles of MAPKs in osteoclast metabolism and provide an overview of the upstream regulators that activate or inhibit MAPKs and their downstream targets. Furthermore, we discuss the current knowledge about the differential kinetics of ERK, JNK, and p38, and the crosstalk between MAPKs in osteoclast metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyunghee Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Laboratory of Bone Metabolism and Control, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu 42415, Korea.
| | - Incheol Seo
- Department of Microbiology, Laboratory of Bone Metabolism and Control, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu 42415, Korea.
| | - Mun Hwan Choi
- Department of Microbiology, Laboratory of Bone Metabolism and Control, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu 42415, Korea.
| | - Daewon Jeong
- Department of Microbiology, Laboratory of Bone Metabolism and Control, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu 42415, Korea.
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Transplanted interleukin-4--secreting mesenchymal stromal cells show extended survival and increased bone mineral density in the murine femur. Cytotherapy 2018; 20:1028-1036. [PMID: 30077567 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-based therapy has great potential to modulate chronic inflammation and enhance tissue regeneration. Crosstalk between MSC-lineage cells and polarized macrophages is critical for bone formation and remodeling in inflammatory bone diseases. However, the translational application of this interaction is limited by the short-term viability of MSCs after cell transplantation. METHODS Three types of genetically modified (GM) MSCs were created: (1) luciferase-expressing reporter MSCs; (2) MSCs that secrete interleukin (IL)-4 either constitutively; and (3) MSCs that secrete IL-4 as a response to nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cell (NFκB) activation. Cells were injected into the murine distal femoral bone marrow cavity. MSC viability and bone formation were examined in vivo. Cytokine secretion was determined in a femoral explant organ culture model. RESULTS The reporter MSCs survived up to 4 weeks post-implantation. No difference in the number of viable cells was found between high (2.5 × 106) and low (0.5 × 106) cell-injected groups. Injection of 2.5 × 106 reporter MSCs increased local bone mineral density at 4 weeks post-implantation. Injection of 0.5 × 106 constitutive IL-4 or NFκB-sensing IL-4-secreting MSCs increased bone mineral density at 2 weeks post-implantation. In the femoral explant organ culture model, LPS treatment induced IL-4 secretion in the NFκB-sensing IL-4-secreting MSC group and IL-10 secretion in all the femur samples. No significant differences in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α and IL-1β secretion were observed between the MSC-transplanted and control groups in the explant culture. DISCUSSION Transplanted GM MSCs demonstrated prolonged cell viability when transplanted to a compatible niche within the bone marrow cavity. GM IL-4-secreting MSCs may have great potential to enhance bone regeneration in disorders associated with chronic inflammation.
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Abstract
Intestinal microbial flora, known as the second gene pool of the human body, play an important role in immune function, nutrient uptake, and various activities of host cells, as well as in human disease. Intestinal microorganisms are involved in a variety of mechanisms that affect bone health. Gut microbes are closely related to genetic variation, and gene regulation plays an important part in the development of bone-related diseases such as osteoporosis. Intestinal microorganisms can disrupt the balance between bone formation and resorption by indirectly stimulating or inhibiting osteoblasts and osteoclasts. In addition, intestinal microorganisms affect bone metabolism by regulating growth factors or altering bone immune status and can also alter the metabolism of serotonin, cortisol, and sex hormones, thereby affecting bone mass in mice. Moreover, probiotics, antibiotics, and diet can change the composition of the intestinal microbial flora, thus affecting bone health and also potentially helping to treat bone disease. Studying the relationship between intestinal flora and osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells may provide a basis for preventing and treating bone diseases. This paper reviews recent advances in the study of the relationship between intestinal microflora and bone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, China
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Ji'nan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, China
| | - Yanqin Lu
- Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, China
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Ji'nan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, China
- Address correspondence to:Dr. Jinxiang Han and Dr. Yanqin Lu, Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 18877 Jingshi Road, Ji'nan 250062, China. E-mail: (JH); (YL)
| | - Yanzhou Wang
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Ji'nan, China
| | - Xiuzhi Ren
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The People’s Hospital of Wuqing District, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinxiang Han
- Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs Ministry of Health, Key Laboratory for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, China
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Ji'nan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Ji'nan, China
- Address correspondence to:Dr. Jinxiang Han and Dr. Yanqin Lu, Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 18877 Jingshi Road, Ji'nan 250062, China. E-mail: (JH); (YL)
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Brandt SL, Putnam NE, Cassat JE, Serezani CH. Innate Immunity to Staphylococcus aureus: Evolving Paradigms in Soft Tissue and Invasive Infections. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2018; 200:3871-3880. [PMID: 29866769 PMCID: PMC6028009 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus causes a wide range of diseases that together embody a significant public health burden. Aided by metabolic flexibility and a large virulence repertoire, S. aureus has the remarkable ability to hematogenously disseminate and infect various tissues, including skin, lung, heart, and bone, among others. The hallmark lesions of invasive staphylococcal infections, abscesses, simultaneously denote the powerful innate immune responses to tissue invasion as well as the ability of staphylococci to persist within these lesions. In this article, we review the innate immune responses to S. aureus during infection of skin and bone, which serve as paradigms for soft tissue and bone disease, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L Brandt
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Nicole E Putnam
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - James E Cassat
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232;
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232; and
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - C Henrique Serezani
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232;
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
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30
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Wang Y, Galli M, Shade Silver A, Lee W, Song Y, Mei Y, Bachus C, Glogauer M, McCulloch CA. IL1β and TNFα promote RANKL-dependent adseverin expression and osteoclastogenesis. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.213967. [PMID: 29724913 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.213967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adseverin is an actin-binding protein involved in osteoclastogenesis, but its role in inflammation-induced bone loss is not well-defined. Here, we examined whether IL1β and TNFα regulate adseverin expression to control osteoclastogenesis in mouse primary monocytes and RAW264.7 cells. Adseverin was colocalized with subcortical actin filaments and was enriched in the fusopods of fusing cells. In precursor cells, adseverin overexpression boosted the formation of RANKL-induced multinucleated cells. Both IL1β and TNFα enhanced RANKL-dependent TRAcP activity by 1.6-fold and multinucleated cell formation (cells with ≥3 nuclei) by 2.6- and 3.3-fold, respectively. However, IL1β and TNFα did not enhance osteoclast formation in adseverin-knockdown cells. RANKL-dependent adseverin expression in bone marrow cells was increased by both IL1β (5.4-fold) and TNFα (3.3-fold). Luciferase assays demonstrated that this expression involved transcriptional regulation of the adseverin promoter. Activation of the promoter was restricted to a 1118 bp sequence containing an NF-κB binding site, upstream of the transcription start site. TNFα also promoted RANKL-induced osteoclast precursor cell migration. We conclude that IL1β and TNFα enhance RANKL-dependent expression of adseverin, which contributes to fusion processes in osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Wang
- Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5S 3E2
| | - Matthew Galli
- Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5S 3E2
| | - Alexandra Shade Silver
- Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5S 3E2
| | - Wilson Lee
- Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5S 3E2
| | - Yushan Song
- Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5S 3E2
| | - Yixue Mei
- Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5S 3E2
| | - Carly Bachus
- Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5S 3E2
| | - Michael Glogauer
- Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5S 3E2
| | - Christopher A McCulloch
- Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, M5S 3E2
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31
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Zhao H, Zhao N, Zheng P, Xu X, Liu M, Luo D, Xu H, Ju D. Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis Using Chinese Medicinal Plants: Special Emphasis on Mechanisms of Immune Modulation. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:6345857. [PMID: 29675436 PMCID: PMC5838472 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6345857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 11/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have examined the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. The causes of osteoporosis include endocrine factors, nutritional status, genetic factors, physical factors, and immune factors. Recent osteoimmunology studies demonstrated that the immune system and immune factors play important regulatory roles in the occurrence of osteoporosis, and people should pay more attention to the relationship between immunity and osteoporosis. Immune and bone cells are located in the bone marrow and share numerous regulatory molecules, signaling molecules, and transcription factors. Abnormal activation of the immune system alters the balance between osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which results in an imbalance of bone remodeling and osteoporosis. The incidence of osteoporosis is also increasing with the aging of China's population, and traditional Chinese medicine has played a vital role in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis for centuries. Chinese medicinal plants possess unique advantages in the regulation of the immune system and the relationships between osteoporosis and the immune system. In this review, we provide a general overview of Chinese medicinal plants in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, focusing on immunological aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Zhao
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Institute of Clinical Basic Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Peng Zheng
- Jilin Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xiaohong Xu
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China
| | - Meijie Liu
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Dan Luo
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Changping District, Beijing 102200, China
| | - Huihui Xu
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Dahong Ju
- Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing 100700, China
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Role of Muramyl Dipeptide in Lipopolysaccharide-Mediated Biological Activity and Osteoclast Activity. Anal Cell Pathol (Amst) 2018; 2018:8047610. [PMID: 29666781 PMCID: PMC5832107 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8047610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is an endotoxin and bacterial cell wall component that is capable of inducing inflammation and immunological activity. Muramyl dipeptide (MDP), the minimal essential structural unit responsible for the immunological activity of peptidoglycans, is another inflammation-inducing molecule that is ubiquitously expressed by bacteria. Several studies have shown that inflammation-related biological activities were synergistically induced by interactions between LPS and MDP. MDP synergistically enhances production of proinflammatory cytokines that are induced by LPS exposure. Injection of MDP induces lethal shock in mice challenged with LPS. LPS also induces osteoclast formation and pathological bone resorption; MDP enhances LPS induction of both processes. Furthermore, MDP enhances the LPS-induced receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) expression and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression both in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, MDP enhances LPS-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling in stromal cells. Taken together, these findings suggest that MDP plays an important role in LPS-induced biological activities. This review discusses the role of MDP in LPS-mediated biological activities, primarily in relation to osteoclastogenesis.
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33
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Amarasekara DS, Yun H, Kim S, Lee N, Kim H, Rho J. Regulation of Osteoclast Differentiation by Cytokine Networks. Immune Netw 2018; 18:e8. [PMID: 29503739 PMCID: PMC5833125 DOI: 10.4110/in.2018.18.e8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 291] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines play a pivotal role in maintaining bone homeostasis. Osteoclasts (OCs), the sole bone resorbing cells, are regulated by numerous cytokines. Macrophage colony-stimulating factor and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand play a central role in OC differentiation, which is also termed osteoclastogenesis. Osteoclastogenic cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-1, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-11, IL-15, IL-17, IL-23, and IL-34, promote OC differentiation, whereas anti-osteoclastogenic cytokines, including interferon (IFN)-α, IFN-β, IFN-γ, IL-3, IL-4, IL-10, IL-12, IL-27, and IL-33, downregulate OC differentiation. Therefore, dynamic regulation of osteoclastogenic and anti-osteoclastogenic cytokines is important in maintaining the balance between bone-resorbing OCs and bone-forming osteoblasts (OBs), which eventually affects bone integrity. This review outlines the osteoclastogenic and anti-osteoclastogenic properties of cytokines with regard to osteoimmunology, and summarizes our current understanding of the roles these cytokines play in osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hyeongseok Yun
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Sumi Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Nari Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Hyunjong Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Jaerang Rho
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
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Lin T, Pajarinen J, Nabeshima A, Lu L, Nathan K, Yao Z, Goodman SB. Establishment of NF-κB sensing and interleukin-4 secreting mesenchymal stromal cells as an "on-demand" drug delivery system to modulate inflammation. Cytotherapy 2017; 19:1025-1034. [PMID: 28739167 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is associated with up-regulation of the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and excessive inflammatory cytokine secretion by M1 macrophages. The anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-4 converts pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages into an anti-inflammatory and tissue-regenerative M2 phenotype, thus reducing inflammation and enhancing tissue regeneration. We have generated NF-κB responsive, or constitutively active IL-4 expression lentiviral vectors transduced into murine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). MSCs with a constitutively active IL-4 expression vector produced large quantities of IL-4 continuously, whereas IL-4 secretion was significantly induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the NF-κB sensing MSCs. In contrast, LPS had no effect on MSCs with IL-4 secretion driven by a constitutively active promoter. We also found that intermittent and continuous LPS treatment displayed distinct NF-κB activation profiles, and this regulation was independent of IL-4 signaling. The supernatant containing IL-4 from the LPS-treated MSCs suppressed M1 marker (inducible nitric oxide synthase [iNOS] and tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNFα]) expression and enhanced M2 marker (Arginase 1, CD206 and IL1 receptor antagonist [IL1Ra]) expression in primary murine macrophages. The IL-4 secretion at the basal, non-LPS induced level was sufficient to suppress TNFα and enhance Arginase 1 at a lower level, but had no significant effects on iNOS, CD206 and IL1Ra expression. Finally, IL-4 secretion at basal or LPS-induced levels significantly suppressed osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. Our findings suggest that the IL-4 secreting MSCs driven by NF-κB sensing or constitutive active promoter have great potential for mitigating the effects of chronic inflammation and promoting earlier tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzuhua Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jukka Pajarinen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Akira Nabeshima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Laura Lu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Karthik Nathan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Zhenyu Yao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Stuart B Goodman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
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Chinetti-Gbaguidi G, Daoudi M, Rosa M, Vinod M, Louvet L, Copin C, Fanchon M, Vanhoutte J, Derudas B, Belloy L, Haulon S, Zawadzki C, Susen S, Massy ZA, Eeckhoute J, Staels B. Human Alternative Macrophages Populate Calcified Areas of Atherosclerotic Lesions and Display Impaired RANKL-Induced Osteoclastic Bone Resorption Activity. Circ Res 2017; 121:19-30. [DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.310262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Rationale:
Vascular calcification is a process similar to bone formation leading to an inappropriate deposition of calcium phosphate minerals in advanced atherosclerotic plaques. Monocyte-derived macrophages, located in atherosclerotic lesions and presenting heterogeneous phenotypes, from classical proinflammatory M1 to alternative anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages, could potentially display osteoclast-like functions.
Objective:
To characterize the phenotype of macrophages located in areas surrounding the calcium deposits in human atherosclerotic plaques.
Methods and Results:
Macrophages near calcium deposits display an alternative phenotype being both CD68 and mannose receptor–positive, expressing carbonic anhydrase type II, but relatively low levels of cathepsin K. In vitro interleukin-4-polarization of human primary monocytes into macrophages results in lower expression and activity of cathepsin K compared with resting unpolarized macrophages. Moreover, interleukin-4 polarization lowers expression levels of the osteoclast transcriptional activator nuclear factor of activated T cells type c-1, associated with increased gene promoter levels of the transcriptional repression mark H3K27me3 (histone 3 lysine 27 trimethylation). Despite higher expression of the receptor activator of nuclear factor κB receptor, receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand/macrophage colony-stimulating factor induction of nuclear factor of activated T cells type c-1 and cathepsin K expression is defective in these macrophages because of reduced Erk/c-fos–mediated downstream signaling resulting in impaired bone resorption capacity.
Conclusions:
These results indicate that macrophages surrounding calcium deposits in human atherosclerotic plaques are phenotypically defective being unable to resorb calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Chinetti-Gbaguidi
- From the Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011, EGID, Lille, France (G.C.-G., M.D., M.R., M.V., C.C., M.F., J.V., B.D., L.B., C.Z., S.S., J.E., B.S.); University of Côte d’Azur, CHU, Inserm, CNRS, IRCAN, Nice, France (G.C.-G.); Inserm U1088, University of Picardie Jules Verne, and Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France (L.L.); CHU Lille, Lille, France (S.H.); Division of Nephrology, Ambroise Paré University Hospital, AP-HP, Boulogne-Billancourt (Z.A.M.); and
| | - Mehdi Daoudi
- From the Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011, EGID, Lille, France (G.C.-G., M.D., M.R., M.V., C.C., M.F., J.V., B.D., L.B., C.Z., S.S., J.E., B.S.); University of Côte d’Azur, CHU, Inserm, CNRS, IRCAN, Nice, France (G.C.-G.); Inserm U1088, University of Picardie Jules Verne, and Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France (L.L.); CHU Lille, Lille, France (S.H.); Division of Nephrology, Ambroise Paré University Hospital, AP-HP, Boulogne-Billancourt (Z.A.M.); and
| | - Mickael Rosa
- From the Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011, EGID, Lille, France (G.C.-G., M.D., M.R., M.V., C.C., M.F., J.V., B.D., L.B., C.Z., S.S., J.E., B.S.); University of Côte d’Azur, CHU, Inserm, CNRS, IRCAN, Nice, France (G.C.-G.); Inserm U1088, University of Picardie Jules Verne, and Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France (L.L.); CHU Lille, Lille, France (S.H.); Division of Nephrology, Ambroise Paré University Hospital, AP-HP, Boulogne-Billancourt (Z.A.M.); and
| | - Manjula Vinod
- From the Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011, EGID, Lille, France (G.C.-G., M.D., M.R., M.V., C.C., M.F., J.V., B.D., L.B., C.Z., S.S., J.E., B.S.); University of Côte d’Azur, CHU, Inserm, CNRS, IRCAN, Nice, France (G.C.-G.); Inserm U1088, University of Picardie Jules Verne, and Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France (L.L.); CHU Lille, Lille, France (S.H.); Division of Nephrology, Ambroise Paré University Hospital, AP-HP, Boulogne-Billancourt (Z.A.M.); and
| | - Loïc Louvet
- From the Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011, EGID, Lille, France (G.C.-G., M.D., M.R., M.V., C.C., M.F., J.V., B.D., L.B., C.Z., S.S., J.E., B.S.); University of Côte d’Azur, CHU, Inserm, CNRS, IRCAN, Nice, France (G.C.-G.); Inserm U1088, University of Picardie Jules Verne, and Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France (L.L.); CHU Lille, Lille, France (S.H.); Division of Nephrology, Ambroise Paré University Hospital, AP-HP, Boulogne-Billancourt (Z.A.M.); and
| | - Corinne Copin
- From the Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011, EGID, Lille, France (G.C.-G., M.D., M.R., M.V., C.C., M.F., J.V., B.D., L.B., C.Z., S.S., J.E., B.S.); University of Côte d’Azur, CHU, Inserm, CNRS, IRCAN, Nice, France (G.C.-G.); Inserm U1088, University of Picardie Jules Verne, and Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France (L.L.); CHU Lille, Lille, France (S.H.); Division of Nephrology, Ambroise Paré University Hospital, AP-HP, Boulogne-Billancourt (Z.A.M.); and
| | - Mélanie Fanchon
- From the Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011, EGID, Lille, France (G.C.-G., M.D., M.R., M.V., C.C., M.F., J.V., B.D., L.B., C.Z., S.S., J.E., B.S.); University of Côte d’Azur, CHU, Inserm, CNRS, IRCAN, Nice, France (G.C.-G.); Inserm U1088, University of Picardie Jules Verne, and Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France (L.L.); CHU Lille, Lille, France (S.H.); Division of Nephrology, Ambroise Paré University Hospital, AP-HP, Boulogne-Billancourt (Z.A.M.); and
| | - Jonathan Vanhoutte
- From the Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011, EGID, Lille, France (G.C.-G., M.D., M.R., M.V., C.C., M.F., J.V., B.D., L.B., C.Z., S.S., J.E., B.S.); University of Côte d’Azur, CHU, Inserm, CNRS, IRCAN, Nice, France (G.C.-G.); Inserm U1088, University of Picardie Jules Verne, and Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France (L.L.); CHU Lille, Lille, France (S.H.); Division of Nephrology, Ambroise Paré University Hospital, AP-HP, Boulogne-Billancourt (Z.A.M.); and
| | - Bruno Derudas
- From the Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011, EGID, Lille, France (G.C.-G., M.D., M.R., M.V., C.C., M.F., J.V., B.D., L.B., C.Z., S.S., J.E., B.S.); University of Côte d’Azur, CHU, Inserm, CNRS, IRCAN, Nice, France (G.C.-G.); Inserm U1088, University of Picardie Jules Verne, and Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France (L.L.); CHU Lille, Lille, France (S.H.); Division of Nephrology, Ambroise Paré University Hospital, AP-HP, Boulogne-Billancourt (Z.A.M.); and
| | - Loic Belloy
- From the Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011, EGID, Lille, France (G.C.-G., M.D., M.R., M.V., C.C., M.F., J.V., B.D., L.B., C.Z., S.S., J.E., B.S.); University of Côte d’Azur, CHU, Inserm, CNRS, IRCAN, Nice, France (G.C.-G.); Inserm U1088, University of Picardie Jules Verne, and Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France (L.L.); CHU Lille, Lille, France (S.H.); Division of Nephrology, Ambroise Paré University Hospital, AP-HP, Boulogne-Billancourt (Z.A.M.); and
| | - Stephan Haulon
- From the Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011, EGID, Lille, France (G.C.-G., M.D., M.R., M.V., C.C., M.F., J.V., B.D., L.B., C.Z., S.S., J.E., B.S.); University of Côte d’Azur, CHU, Inserm, CNRS, IRCAN, Nice, France (G.C.-G.); Inserm U1088, University of Picardie Jules Verne, and Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France (L.L.); CHU Lille, Lille, France (S.H.); Division of Nephrology, Ambroise Paré University Hospital, AP-HP, Boulogne-Billancourt (Z.A.M.); and
| | - Christophe Zawadzki
- From the Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011, EGID, Lille, France (G.C.-G., M.D., M.R., M.V., C.C., M.F., J.V., B.D., L.B., C.Z., S.S., J.E., B.S.); University of Côte d’Azur, CHU, Inserm, CNRS, IRCAN, Nice, France (G.C.-G.); Inserm U1088, University of Picardie Jules Verne, and Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France (L.L.); CHU Lille, Lille, France (S.H.); Division of Nephrology, Ambroise Paré University Hospital, AP-HP, Boulogne-Billancourt (Z.A.M.); and
| | - Sophie Susen
- From the Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011, EGID, Lille, France (G.C.-G., M.D., M.R., M.V., C.C., M.F., J.V., B.D., L.B., C.Z., S.S., J.E., B.S.); University of Côte d’Azur, CHU, Inserm, CNRS, IRCAN, Nice, France (G.C.-G.); Inserm U1088, University of Picardie Jules Verne, and Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France (L.L.); CHU Lille, Lille, France (S.H.); Division of Nephrology, Ambroise Paré University Hospital, AP-HP, Boulogne-Billancourt (Z.A.M.); and
| | - Ziad A. Massy
- From the Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011, EGID, Lille, France (G.C.-G., M.D., M.R., M.V., C.C., M.F., J.V., B.D., L.B., C.Z., S.S., J.E., B.S.); University of Côte d’Azur, CHU, Inserm, CNRS, IRCAN, Nice, France (G.C.-G.); Inserm U1088, University of Picardie Jules Verne, and Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France (L.L.); CHU Lille, Lille, France (S.H.); Division of Nephrology, Ambroise Paré University Hospital, AP-HP, Boulogne-Billancourt (Z.A.M.); and
| | - Jérôme Eeckhoute
- From the Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011, EGID, Lille, France (G.C.-G., M.D., M.R., M.V., C.C., M.F., J.V., B.D., L.B., C.Z., S.S., J.E., B.S.); University of Côte d’Azur, CHU, Inserm, CNRS, IRCAN, Nice, France (G.C.-G.); Inserm U1088, University of Picardie Jules Verne, and Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France (L.L.); CHU Lille, Lille, France (S.H.); Division of Nephrology, Ambroise Paré University Hospital, AP-HP, Boulogne-Billancourt (Z.A.M.); and
| | - Bart Staels
- From the Université de Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011, EGID, Lille, France (G.C.-G., M.D., M.R., M.V., C.C., M.F., J.V., B.D., L.B., C.Z., S.S., J.E., B.S.); University of Côte d’Azur, CHU, Inserm, CNRS, IRCAN, Nice, France (G.C.-G.); Inserm U1088, University of Picardie Jules Verne, and Amiens University Hospital, Amiens, France (L.L.); CHU Lille, Lille, France (S.H.); Division of Nephrology, Ambroise Paré University Hospital, AP-HP, Boulogne-Billancourt (Z.A.M.); and
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Mbalaviele G, Novack DV, Schett G, Teitelbaum SL. Inflammatory osteolysis: a conspiracy against bone. J Clin Invest 2017; 127:2030-2039. [PMID: 28569732 DOI: 10.1172/jci93356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There are many causes of inflammatory osteolysis, but regardless of etiology and cellular contexts, the osteoclast is the bone-degrading cell. Thus, the impact of inflammatory cytokines on osteoclast formation and function was among the most important discoveries advancing the treatment of focal osteolysis, leading to development of therapeutic agents that either directly block the bone-resorptive cell or do so indirectly via cytokine arrest. Despite these advances, a substantial number of patients with inflammatory arthritis remain resistant to current therapies, and even effective anti-inflammatory drugs frequently do not repair damaged bone. Thus, insights into events such as those impacted by inflammasomes, which signal through cytokine-dependent and -independent mechanisms, are needed to optimize treatment of inflammatory osteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deborah V Novack
- Department of Medicine, Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, and.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Anatomic and Molecular Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Steven L Teitelbaum
- Department of Medicine, Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, and.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Anatomic and Molecular Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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37
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Mi B, Xiong W, Xu N, Guan H, Fang Z, Liao H, Zhang Y, Gao B, Xiao X, Fu J, Li F. Strontium-loaded titania nanotube arrays repress osteoclast differentiation through multiple signalling pathways: In vitro and in vivo studies. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2328. [PMID: 28539667 PMCID: PMC5443803 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02491-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The loosening of implants is an important clinical issue, particularly for patients with osteoporosis. In these patients, an implant should preferably both promote osteoblast differentiation and repress osteoclastic resorption. In the present study, we fabricated coatings containing TiO2 nanotubes (NTs) incorporated with strontium (Sr) on titanium (Ti) surfaces through hydrothermal treatment. The amount of loaded Sr was controlled by hydrothermally treating the samples in a Sr(OH)2 solution for 1 and 3 h (samples NT-Sr1h and NT-Sr3h, respectively) and found that both types of NT-Sr samples inhibited osteoclast differentiation by reducing the expression of osteoclast marker genes. Additionally, this inhibitory effect was mainly attributed to suppression of RANKL-induced activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). Moreover, NT-Sr also inhibited the Akt and nuclear factor of activated T-cell cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1) signalling pathways. Interestingly, we also found that NT-Sr promoted RANKL-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation. Using ovariectomised rats as a model, we observed that NT-Sr prevented bone loss in vivo. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that NT-Sr might effectively inhibit osteoclast differentiation by repressing the NF-κB and Akt/NFATc1 pathways and by negatively regulating the ERK pathway in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoguo Mi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Na Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, School of Materials and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, China
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China
| | - Hanfeng Guan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zhong Fang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hui Liao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Biao Gao
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, School of Materials and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, China
| | - Xiang Xiao
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, School of Materials and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, China
| | - Jijiang Fu
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, School of Materials and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, China.
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China.
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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38
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Panagopoulos V, Liapis V, Zinonos I, Hay S, Leach DA, Ingman W, DeNichilo MO, Atkins GJ, Findlay DM, Zannettino ACW, Evdokiou A. Peroxidase enzymes inhibit osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 440:8-15. [PMID: 27836774 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Myeloperoxidase (MPO) and eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) are heme-containing enzymes, well known for their antimicrobial activity, are released in abundance by innate immune infiltrates at sites of inflammation and injury. We have discovered new and previously unrecognised roles for heme peroxidases in extracellular matrix biosynthesis, angiogenesis, and bone mineralisation, all of which play an essential role in skeletal integrity. In this study we used in vitro models of osteoclastogenesis to investigate the effects of heme peroxidase enzymes on osteoclast differentiation and bone resorbing activity, pertinent to skeletal development and remodelling. Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B-ligand (RANKL) stimulates the formation of tartate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) positive multinucleated cells and increases bone resorption when cultured with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) or the RAW264.7 murine monocytic cell line. When RANKL was added in combination with either MPO or EPO, a dose-dependent inhibition of osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption was observed. Notably, peroxidases had no effect on the bone resorbing activity of mature osteoclasts, suggesting that the inhibitory effect of the peroxidases was limited to osteoclast precursor cells. Mechanistically, we observed that osteoclast precursor cells readily internalize peroxidases, and inhibited the phosphorylation of JNK, p38 MAPK and ERK1/2, important signalling molecules central to osteoclastogenesis. Our findings suggest that peroxidase enzymes, like MPO and EPO, may play a fundamental role in inhibiting RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation at inflammatory sites of bone fracture and injury. Therefore, peroxidase enzymes could be considered as potential therapeutic agents to treat osteolytic bone disease and aberrant bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilios Panagopoulos
- School of Medicine, Discipline of Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Vasilios Liapis
- School of Medicine, Discipline of Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Irene Zinonos
- School of Medicine, Discipline of Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Shelley Hay
- School of Medicine, Discipline of Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Damien A Leach
- School of Medicine, Discipline of Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Wendy Ingman
- School of Medicine, Discipline of Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Mark O DeNichilo
- School of Medicine, Discipline of Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Gerald J Atkins
- Discipline of Orthopaedics and Trauma, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - David M Findlay
- Discipline of Orthopaedics and Trauma, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew C W Zannettino
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide and Cancer Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, Australia
| | - Andreas Evdokiou
- School of Medicine, Discipline of Surgery, Basil Hetzel Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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39
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Interleukin-4 -590 T>C and interleukin-4 receptor Q551R A>G gene polymorphisms in Saudi cases with alopecia areata. J Egypt Public Health Assoc 2017; 90:20-3. [PMID: 25853541 DOI: 10.1097/01.epx.0000461326.05328.d3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Immunogenetic factors are known to play a role in the pathogenesis of alopecia areata (AA). This study aimed at investigating the association between AA with the polymorphisms of interleukin-4 (IL-4) promoter and receptor (IL-4R) genes. PATIENTS AND METHODS This work is a case-control study that was conducted on 76 AA patients from Qassim region, Saudi Arabia. Patients were compared with 93 normal healthy controls from the same locality. Genomic DNA was extracted and processed using real-time PCR amplification for characterization of IL-4 -590 T>C and IL-4R Q551R A>G gene polymorphisms. RESULTS Cases of AA showed a higher frequency of the IL-4 -590 CC homozygous genotype compared with controls (63.2 vs. 53.8%, P>0.05) with a lower frequency of the TT genotype (5.3 vs. 10.8%); yet, both were statistically nonsignificant (P>0.05). Regarding the IL-4R Q551R A>G polymorphism, cases and controls showed nearly equal frequencies of all variants, that is, with no significant difference. Although the frequency of the IL-4 C and the IL-4R A alleles was higher among cases than among controls (78.9 vs. 71.5% and 78.8 vs. 72.6%, respectively), this was also statistically nonsignificant (P>0.05). Comparing case subgroups in terms of their age of onset, sex, disease severity, consanguinity, and family history showed no statistically significant difference regarding the studied genetic variant. CONCLUSION IL-4 -590 and IL-4R Q551R gene polymorphisms are not associated with the susceptibility and the clinical pattern of AA in Saudi patients. We recommend further research studies involving the estimation of cytokines both in the serum and in the local skin lesions or in cultured skin cells to figure out whether Th1 or Th2 pathways play a specific role in the pathogenesis of AA.
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40
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Park CM, Kim HM, Kim DH, Han HJ, Noh H, Jang JH, Park SH, Chae HJ, Chae SW, Ryu EK, Lee S, Liu K, Liu H, Ahn JS, Kim YO, Kim BY, Soung NK. Ginsenoside Re Inhibits Osteoclast Differentiation in Mouse Bone Marrow-Derived Macrophages and Zebrafish Scale Model. Mol Cells 2016; 39:855-861. [PMID: 27927007 PMCID: PMC5223102 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2016.0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginsenosides, which are the active materials of ginseng, have biological functions that include anti-osteoporotic effects. Aqueous ginseng extract inhibits osteoclast differentiation induced by receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL). Aqueous ginseng extract produces chromatography peaks characteristic of ginsenosides. Among these peaks, ginsenoside Re is a major component. However, the preventive effects of ginsenoside Re against osteoclast differentiation are not known. We studied the effect of ginsenoside Re on osteoclast differentiation, RANKL-induced tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity, and formation of multinucleated osteoclasts in vitro. Ginsenoside Re hampered osteoclast differentiation in a dose-dependent manner. In an in vivo zebrafish model, aqueous ginseng extract and ginsenoside Re had anti-osteoclastogenesis effects. These findings suggest that both aqueous ginseng extract and ginsenoside Re prevent bone resorption by inhibiting osteoclast differentiation. Ginsenoside Re could be important for promoting bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan-Mi Park
- World Class Institute (WCI), and Chemical biology Research Center, Korean Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116,
Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Nature science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134,
Korea
| | - Hye-Min Kim
- World Class Institute (WCI), and Chemical biology Research Center, Korean Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116,
Korea
- Biomolecular Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113,
Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- World Class Institute (WCI), and Chemical biology Research Center, Korean Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116,
Korea
- Biomolecular Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113,
Korea
| | - Ho-Jin Han
- World Class Institute (WCI), and Chemical biology Research Center, Korean Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116,
Korea
- Biomolecular Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113,
Korea
| | - Haneul Noh
- World Class Institute (WCI), and Chemical biology Research Center, Korean Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116,
Korea
| | - Jae-Hyuk Jang
- World Class Institute (WCI), and Chemical biology Research Center, Korean Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116,
Korea
- Biomolecular Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113,
Korea
| | - Soo-Hyun Park
- Clinical Trial Center for Functional Foods (CTCF2), Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907,
Korea
| | - Han-Jung Chae
- Clinical Trial Center for Functional Foods (CTCF2), Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907,
Korea
| | - Soo-Wan Chae
- Clinical Trial Center for Functional Foods (CTCF2), Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907,
Korea
| | - Eun Kyoung Ryu
- Center of Magnetic Resonance Research, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju 28119,
Korea
| | - Sangku Lee
- World Class Institute (WCI), and Chemical biology Research Center, Korean Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116,
Korea
| | - Kangdong Liu
- World Class Institute (WCI), and Chemical biology Research Center, Korean Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116,
Korea
| | - Haidan Liu
- World Class Institute (WCI), and Chemical biology Research Center, Korean Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116,
Korea
| | - Jong-Seog Ahn
- World Class Institute (WCI), and Chemical biology Research Center, Korean Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116,
Korea
- Biomolecular Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113,
Korea
| | - Young Ock Kim
- Department of Medicinal Crop Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumseong 27709,
Korea
| | - Bo-Yeon Kim
- World Class Institute (WCI), and Chemical biology Research Center, Korean Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116,
Korea
- Biomolecular Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113,
Korea
| | - Nak-Kyun Soung
- World Class Institute (WCI), and Chemical biology Research Center, Korean Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju 28116,
Korea
- Biomolecular Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113,
Korea
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41
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Xu L, Mohammad KS, Wu H, Crean C, Poteat B, Cheng Y, Cardoso AA, Machal C, Hanenberg H, Abonour R, Kacena MA, Chirgwin J, Suvannasankha A, Srour EF. Cell Adhesion Molecule CD166 Drives Malignant Progression and Osteolytic Disease in Multiple Myeloma. Cancer Res 2016; 76:6901-6910. [PMID: 27634757 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-0517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is incurable once osteolytic lesions have seeded at skeletal sites, but factors mediating this deadly pathogenic advance remain poorly understood. Here, we report evidence of a major role for the cell adhesion molecule CD166, which we discovered to be highly expressed in multiple myeloma cell lines and primary bone marrow cells from patients. CD166+ multiple myeloma cells homed more efficiently than CD166- cells to the bone marrow of engrafted immunodeficient NSG mice. CD166 silencing in multiple myeloma cells enabled longer survival, a smaller tumor burden, and less osteolytic lesions, as compared with mice bearing control cells. CD166 deficiency in multiple myeloma cell lines or CD138+ bone marrow cells from multiple myeloma patients compromised their ability to induce bone resorption in an ex vivo organ culture system. Furthermore, CD166 deficiency in multiple myeloma cells also reduced the formation of osteolytic disease in vivo after intratibial engraftment. Mechanistic investigation revealed that CD166 expression in multiple myeloma cells inhibited osteoblastogenesis of bone marrow-derived osteoblast progenitors by suppressing Runx2 gene expression. Conversely, CD166 expression in multiple myeloma cells promoted osteoclastogenesis by activating TRAF6-dependent signaling pathways in osteoclast progenitors. Overall, our results define CD166 as a pivotal director in multiple myeloma cell homing to the bone marrow and multiple myeloma progression, rationalizing its further study as a candidate therapeutic target for multiple myeloma treatment. Cancer Res; 76(23); 6901-10. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Xu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Khalid S Mohammad
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Colin Crean
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Bradley Poteat
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Yinghua Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Angelo A Cardoso
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | | - Helmut Hanenberg
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head/Neck Surgery, Heinrich Heine University, Dusseldorf, Germany.,Department of Pediatrics III, University Children's Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Rafat Abonour
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Melissa A Kacena
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - John Chirgwin
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Richard L. Roudebush Veterans' Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Attaya Suvannasankha
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Richard L. Roudebush Veterans' Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Edward F Srour
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana. .,Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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Morishita K, Tatsukawa E, Shibata Y, Suehiro F, Kamitakahara M, Yokoi T, Ioku K, Umeda M, Nishimura M, Ikeda T. Diversity of multinucleated giant cells by microstructures of hydroxyapatite and plasma components in extraskeletal implantation model. Acta Biomater 2016; 39:180-191. [PMID: 27154501 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Foreign body giant cells (FBGCs) and osteoclasts are multinucleated giant cells (MNGCs), both of which are formed by the fusion of macrophage-derived mononuclear cells. Osteoclasts are distinct from FBGCs due to their bone resorption ability; however, not only morphological, but also functional similarities may exist between these cells. The characterization and diversity of FBGCs that appear in an in vivo foreign body reaction currently remain incomplete. In the present study, we investigated an in vivo foreign body reaction using an extraskeletal implantation model of hydroxyapatite (HA) with different microstructures. The implantation of HA granules in rat subcutaneous tissue induced a foreign body reaction that was accompanied by various MNGCs. HA granules composed of rod-shaped particles predominantly induced cathepsin K (CTSK)-positive FBGCs, whereas HA granules composed of globular-shaped particles predominantly induced CTSK-negative FBGCs. Plasma, which was used as the binder of ceramic granules, stimulated the induction of CTSK-positive FBGCs more strongly than purified fibrin. Furthermore, the implantation of HA composed of rod-shaped particles with plasma induced tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive MNGCs in contrast to HA composed of globular-shaped particles with purified fibrin, which predominantly induced CTSK-negative and TRAP-negative typical FBGCs. These results suggest that CTSK-positive, TRAP-positive, and CTSK- and TRAP-negative MNGCs are induced in this subcutaneous implantation model in a manner that is dependent on the microstructure of HA and presence or absence of plasma. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE We attempted to elucidate the mechanisms responsible for the foreign body reaction induced by the implantation of hydroxyapatite granules with different microstructures in rat subcutaneous tissue with or without plasma components as the binder of ceramic granules. By analyzing the expression of two reliable osteoclast markers, we detected tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive multinucleated giant cells, cathepsin K-positive multinucleated giant cells, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase- and cathepsin K-negative multinucleated giant cells. The induction of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive multinucleated giant cells was plasma component-dependent while the induction of cathepsin K-positive multinucleated giant cells was influenced by the microstructure of hydroxyapatite. This is the first study to show the conditions dividing the three kinds of multinucleated giant cells in the foreign body reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota Morishita
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan; Department of Oral Pathology and Bone Metabolism, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
| | - Eri Tatsukawa
- Department of Oral Pathology and Bone Metabolism, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Shibata
- Department of Oral Pathology and Bone Metabolism, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
| | - Fumio Suehiro
- Department of Prosthodontics, Kagoshima University Graduate School, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Masanobu Kamitakahara
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-20 Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Taishi Yokoi
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-20 Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Koji Ioku
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Economics, Keio University, 4-4-1 Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8521, Japan
| | - Masahiro Umeda
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nishimura
- Department of Prosthodontics, Kagoshima University Graduate School, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Tohru Ikeda
- Department of Oral Pathology and Bone Metabolism, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan.
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43
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IL-37 inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced osteoclast formation and bone resorption in vivo. Immunol Lett 2016; 175:8-15. [PMID: 27154248 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
IL-37 is a newly defined member of the IL-1 cytokine family. It has been reported that IL-37 inhibited innate immunity and inflammatory responses in autoimmune diseases and tumors. IL-37 also inhibited Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced immunological reaction. LPS is a bacterial cell wall component that is capable of inducing osteoclast formation and pathological bone resorption. However, there is no study to investigate the effect of IL-37 on LPS-induced osteoclast formation and bone resorption. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of IL-37 in LPS-induced osteoclast formation and bone resorption. LPS was administrated with or without IL-37 by subcutaneous injection on mice calvariae. The number of osteoclasts, the level of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and cathepsin K mRNA, the ratio of the bone resorption pits and the level of C-terminal telopeptide fragments of type I collagen cross-Links as a marker of bone resorption in mice administrated both LPS and IL-37 were lower than that in mice administrated LPS alone. Real-time RT-PCR was performed to analyze osteoclast related cytokines RANKL, TNF-α and IL-1β mRNA levels in vivo. RANKL, TNF-α and IL-1β mRNAs were increased in the LPS alone administrated mice as compared with PBS administrated groups. On the other hand, RANKL, TNF-α and IL-1β mRNAs were inhibited in the IL-37 and LPS administrated mice as compared with LPS alone administrated group. In vitro analysis, there was no effect of IL-37 in RANKL-induced osteoclast formation, TNF-α-induced osteoclast formation and cell viability from bone marrow macrophages as osteoclast precursor and LPS-induced RANKL expression from stromal cells. These results indicated that IL-37 inhibited LPS-induced osteoclast formation and bone resorption via inhibition of LPS-induced osteoclast related cytokines, but might not directly inhibit osteoclast formation on osteoclast precursor and RANKL expression on stromal cells.
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44
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Zhu X, Gao JJ, Landao-Bassonga E, Pavlos NJ, Qin A, Steer JH, Zheng MH, Dong Y, Cheng TS. Thonzonium bromide inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclast formation and bone resorption in vitro and prevents LPS-induced bone loss in vivo. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 104:118-30. [PMID: 26906912 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Osteoclasts (OCs) play a pivotal role in a variety of lytic bone diseases including osteoporosis, arthritis, bone tumors, Paget's disease and the aseptic loosening of orthopedic implants. The primary focus for the development of bone-protective therapies in these diseases has centered on the suppression of OC formation and function. In this study we report that thonzonium bromide (TB), a monocationic surface-active agent, inhibited RANKL-induced OC formation, the appearance of OC-specific marker genes and bone-resorbing activity in vitro. Mechanistically, TB blocked the RANKL-induced activation of NF-κB, ERK and c-Fos as well as the induction of NFATc1 which is essential for OC formation. TB disrupted F-actin ring formation resulting in disturbances in cytoskeletal structure in mature OCs during bone resorption. Furthermore, TB exhibited protective effects in an in vivo murine model of LPS-induced calvarial osteolysis. Collectively, these data suggest that TB might be a useful alternative therapy in preventing or treating osteolytic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhu
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, School of Surgery, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics, Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Jun J Gao
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, School of Surgery, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Euphemie Landao-Bassonga
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, School of Surgery, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Nathan J Pavlos
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, School of Surgery, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - An Qin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implant, Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - James H Steer
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Ming H Zheng
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, School of Surgery, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Yang Dong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Tak S Cheng
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, School of Surgery, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia.
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45
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The Alternative Faces of Macrophage Generate Osteoclasts. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:9089610. [PMID: 26977415 PMCID: PMC4761668 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9089610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The understanding of how osteoclasts are generated and whether they can be altered by inflammatory stimuli is a topic of particular interest for osteoclastogenesis. It is known that the monocyte/macrophage lineage gives rise to osteoclasts (OCs) by the action of macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB ligand (RANKL), which induce cell differentiation through their receptors, c-fms and RANK, respectively. The multinucleated giant cells (MGCs) generated by the engagement of RANK/RANKL are typical OCs. Nevertheless, very few studies have addressed the question of which subset of macrophages generates OCs. Indeed, two main subsets of macrophages are postulated, the inflammatory or classically activated type (M1) and the anti-inflammatory or alternatively activated type (M2). It has been proposed that macrophages can be polarized in vitro towards a predominantly M1 or M2 phenotype with the addition of granulocyte macrophage- (GM-) CSF or M-CSF, respectively. Various inflammatory stimuli known to induce macrophage polarization, such as LPS or TNF-α, can alter the type of MGC obtained from RANKL-induced differentiation. This review aims to highlight the role of immune-related stimuli and factors in inducing macrophages towards the osteoclastogenesis choice.
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46
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Chen Z, Su L, Xu Q, Katz J, Michalek SM, Fan M, Feng X, Zhang P. IL-1R/TLR2 through MyD88 Divergently Modulates Osteoclastogenesis through Regulation of Nuclear Factor of Activated T Cells c1 (NFATc1) and B Lymphocyte-induced Maturation Protein-1 (Blimp1). J Biol Chem 2015; 290:30163-74. [PMID: 26483549 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.663518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLR) and the receptor for interleukin-1 (IL-1R) signaling play an important role in bacteria-mediated bone loss diseases including periodontitis, rheumatoid arthritis, and osteomyelitis. Recent studies have shown that TLR ligands inhibit the receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation from un-committed osteoclast precursors, whereas IL-1 potentiates RANKL-induced osteoclast formation. However, IL-1R and TLR belong to the same IL-1R/TLR superfamily, and activate similar intracellular signaling pathways. Here, we investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the distinct effects of IL-1 and Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS-PG) on RANKL-induced osteoclast formation. Our results show that LPS-PG and IL-1 differentially regulate RANKL-induced activation of osteoclast genes encoding Car2, Ctsk, MMP9, and TRAP, as well as expression of NFATc1, a master transcription factor of osteoclastogenesis. Regulation of osteoclast genes and NFATc1 by LPS-PG and IL-1 is dependent on MyD88, an important signaling adaptor for both TLR and IL-1R family members. Furthermore, LPS-PG and IL-1 differentially regulate RANKL-costimulatory receptor OSCAR (osteoclast-associated receptor) expression and Ca(2+) oscillations induced by RANKL. Moreover, LPS-PG completely abrogates RANKL-induced gene expression of B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein-1 (Blimp1), a global transcriptional repressor of anti-osteoclastogenic genes encoding Bcl6, IRF8, and MafB. However, IL-1 enhances RANKL-induced blimp1 gene expression but suppresses the gene expression of bcl6, irf8, and mafb. Our study reveals the involvement of multiple signaling molecules in the differential regulation of RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis by TLR2 and IL-1 signaling. Understanding the signaling cross-talk among TLR, IL-1R, and RANK is critical for identifying therapeutic strategies to control bacteria-mediated bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Chen
- From the Departments of Pediatric Dentistry, the Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China, and
| | - Lingkai Su
- From the Departments of Pediatric Dentistry
| | - Qingan Xu
- From the Departments of Pediatric Dentistry, the The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Jenny Katz
- From the Departments of Pediatric Dentistry
| | | | - Mingwen Fan
- the The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Xu Feng
- Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Ping Zhang
- From the Departments of Pediatric Dentistry,
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47
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Oh JH, Lee JY, Park JH, No JH, Lee NK. Obatoclax regulates the proliferation and fusion of osteoclast precursors through the inhibition of ERK activation by RANKL. Mol Cells 2015; 38:279-84. [PMID: 25666350 PMCID: PMC4363729 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2015.2340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 01/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Obatoclax, a pan-Bcl2 inhibitor, shows antitumor activities in various solid malignancies. Bcl2-deficient mice have shown the importance of Bcl2 in osteoclasts, as the bone mass of the mice was increased by the induced apoptosis of osteoclasts. Despite the importance of Bcl2, the effects of obatoclax on the proliferation and differentiation of osteoclast precursors have not been studied extensively. Here, we describe the anti-proliferative effects of obatoclax on osteoclast precursors and its negative role on fusion of the cells. Stimulation with low doses of obatoclax significantly suppressed the proliferation of osteoclast precursors in a dose-dependent manner while the apoptosis was markedly increased. Its stimulation was sufficient to block the activation of ERK MAP kinase by RANKL. The same was true when PD98059, an ERK inhibitor, was administered to osteoclast precursors. The activation of JNK1/2 and p38 MAP kinase, necessary for osteoclast differentiation, by RANKL was not affected by obatoclax. Interestingly, whereas the number of TRAP-positive mononuclear cells was increased by both obatoclax and PD98059, fused, multinucleated cells larger than 100 μm in diameter containing more than 20 nuclei were completely reduced. Consistently, obatoclax failed to regulate the expression of osteoclast marker genes, including c-Fos, TRAP, RANK and CtsK. Instead, the expression of DC-STAMP and Atp6v0d2, genes that regulate osteoclast fusion, by RANKL was significantly abrogated by both obatoclax and PD98059. Taken together, these results suggest that obatoclax down-regulates the proliferation and fusion of osteoclast precursors through the inhibition of the ERK1/2 MAP kinase pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Hee Oh
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Chungnam, 336-745,
Korea
| | - Jae Yoon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Chungnam, 336-745,
Korea
| | - Jin Hyeong Park
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Chungnam, 336-745,
Korea
| | - Jeong Hyeon No
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Chungnam, 336-745,
Korea
| | - Na Kyung Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Medical Sciences, Soonchunhyang University, Chungnam, 336-745,
Korea
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Chen C, Akiyama K, Wang D, Xu X, Li B, Moshaverinia A, Brombacher F, Sun L, Shi S. mTOR inhibition rescues osteopenia in mice with systemic sclerosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 212:73-91. [PMID: 25534817 PMCID: PMC4291526 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20140643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Chen et al. show that treatment with rapamycin, a drug known to inhibit mTOR signaling, rescues low bone density in mice with systemic sclerosis. Fibrillin-1 (FBN1) deficiency-induced systemic sclerosis is attributed to elevation of interleukin-4 (IL4) and TGF-β, but the mechanism underlying FBN1 deficiency–associated osteopenia is not fully understood. We show that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) from FBN1-deficient (Fbn1+/−) mice exhibit decreased osteogenic differentiation and increased adipogenic differentiation. Mechanistically, this lineage alteration is regulated by IL4/IL4Rα-mediated activation of mTOR signaling to down-regulate RUNX2 and up-regulate PPARγ2, respectively, via P70 ribosomal S6 protein kinase (P70S6K). Additionally, we reveal that activation of TGF-β/SMAD3/SP1 signaling results in enhancement of SP1 binding to the IL4Rα promoter to synergistically activate mTOR pathway in Fbn1+/− BMMSCs. Blockage of mTOR signaling by osteoblastic-specific knockout or rapamycin treatment rescues osteopenia phenotype in Fbn1+/− mice by improving osteogenic differentiation of BMMSCs. Collectively, this study identifies a previously unrecognized role of the FBN1/TGF-β/IL4Rα/mTOR cascade in BMMSC lineage selection and provides experimental evidence that rapamycin treatment may provide an anabolic therapy for osteopenia in Fbn1+/− mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chider Chen
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Kentaro Akiyama
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033 Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Science, Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
| | - Dandan Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Xingtian Xu
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033 Key Laboratory of Translational Research, Tong Ji University School of Stomatology, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Bei Li
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033 School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Alireza Moshaverinia
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033
| | - Frank Brombacher
- Division of Immunology, Cape Town Component and Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IIDMM), International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Lingyun Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Songtao Shi
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033
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49
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Eaton GJ, Zhang QS, Diallo C, Matsuzawa A, Ichijo H, Steinbeck MJ, Freeman TA. Inhibition of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 enhances endochondral bone formation by increasing chondrocyte survival. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1522. [PMID: 25393478 PMCID: PMC4260738 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Endochondral ossification is the result of chondrocyte differentiation, hypertrophy,
death and replacement by bone. The careful timing and progression of this process is
important for normal skeletal bone growth and development, as well as fracture
repair. Apoptosis Signal-Regulating Kinase 1 (ASK1) is a mitogen-activated protein
kinase (MAPK), which is activated by reactive oxygen species and other cellular
stress events. Activation of ASK1 initiates a signaling cascade known to regulate
diverse cellular events including cytokine and growth factor signaling, cell cycle
regulation, cellular differentiation, hypertrophy, survival and apoptosis. ASK1 is
highly expressed in hypertrophic chondrocytes, but the role of ASK1 in skeletal
tissues has not been investigated. Herein, we report that ASK1 knockout (KO) mice
display alterations in normal growth plate morphology, which include a shorter
proliferative zone and a lengthened hypertrophic zone. These changes in growth plate
dynamics result in accelerated long bone mineralization and an increased formation of
trabecular bone, which can be attributed to an increased resistance of terminally
differentiated chondrocytes to undergo cell death. Interestingly, under normal cell
culture conditions, mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) derived from ASK1 KO mice show
no differences in either MAPK signaling or osteogenic or chondrogenic differentiation
when compared with wild-type (WT) MEFs. However, when cultured with stress
activators, H2O2 or staurosporine, the KO cells show enhanced
survival, an associated decrease in the activation of proteins involved in death
signaling pathways and a reduction in markers of terminal differentiation.
Furthermore, in both WT mice treated with the ASK1 inhibitor, NQDI-1, and ASK1 KO
mice endochondral bone formation was increased in an ectopic ossification model.
These findings highlight a previously unrealized role for ASK1 in regulating
endochondral bone formation. Inhibition of ASK1 has clinical potential to treat
fractures or to slow osteoarthritic progression by enhancing chondrocyte survival and
slowing hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Eaton
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Q-S Zhang
- 1] Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA [2] Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China
| | - C Diallo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - A Matsuzawa
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - H Ichijo
- Open Innovation Center for Drug Discovery, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - M J Steinbeck
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science & Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - T A Freeman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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50
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Mediero A, Perez-Aso M, Cronstein BN. Activation of adenosine A(2A) receptor reduces osteoclast formation via PKA- and ERK1/2-mediated suppression of NFκB nuclear translocation. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 169:1372-88. [PMID: 23647065 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Revised: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We previously reported that adenosine, acting at adenosine A(2A) receptors (A(2A)R), inhibits osteoclast (OC) differentiation in vitro (A(2A)R activation OC formation reduces by half) and in vivo. For a better understanding how adenosine A(2A)R stimulation regulates OC differentiation, we dissected the signalling pathways involved in A(2A)R signalling. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH OC differentiation was studied as TRAP+ multinucleated cells following M-CSF/RANKL stimulation of either primary murine bone marrow cells or the murine macrophage line, RAW264.7, in presence/absence of the A(2A)R agonist CGS21680, the A(2A)R antagonist ZM241385, PKA activators (8-Cl-cAMP 100 nM, 6-Bnz-cAMP) and the PKA inhibitor (PKI). cAMP was quantitated by EIA and PKA activity assays were carried out. Signalling events were studied in PKA knockdown (lentiviral shRNA for PKA) RAW264.7 cells (scrambled shRNA as control). OC marker expression was studied by RT-PCR. KEY RESULTS A(2A)R stimulation increased cAMP and PKA activity which and were reversed by addition of ZM241385. The direct PKA stimuli 8-Cl-cAMP and 6-Bnz-cAMP inhibited OC maturation whereas PKI increased OC differentiation. A(2A)R stimulation inhibited p50/p105 NFκB nuclear translocation in control but not in PKA KO cells. A(2A)R stimulation activated ERK1/2 by a PKA-dependent mechanism, an effect reversed by ZM241385, but not p38 and JNK activation. A(2A)R stimulation inhibited OC expression of differentiation markers by a PKA-mechanism. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS A(2A)R activation inhibits OC differentiation and regulates bone turnover via PKA-dependent inhibition of NFκB nuclear translocation, suggesting a mechanism by which adenosine could target bone destruction in inflammatory diseases like rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aránzazu Mediero
- Department of Medicine, Division of Translational Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
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