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Sothers H, Hu X, Crossman DK, Si Y, Alexander MS, McDonald MLN, King PH, Lopez MA. Late-Stage Skeletal Muscle Transcriptome in Duchenne muscular dystrophy shows a BMP4-Induced Molecular Signature. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.19.590266. [PMID: 38712206 PMCID: PMC11071434 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.19.590266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a fatal X-linked recessive disease due to loss-of-function mutations in the DYSTROPHIN gene. DMD-related skeletal muscle wasting is typified by an aberrant immune response involving upregulation of TGFβ family of cytokines. We previously demonstrated that bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) is increased in DMD and BMP4 stimulation induces a 20-fold upregulation of Smad8 transcription. However, the role of BMP4 in severely affected DMD skeletal muscle is unknown. We hypothesized that transcriptomic signatures in severely affected human DMD skeletal muscle are driven by BMP4 signaling. Transcriptomes from skeletal muscle biopsies of late-stage DMD vs. non-DMD controls and C2C12 muscle cells with or without BMP4 stimulation were generated by RNA-Seq and analyzed for single transcript differential expression as well as by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analyses. A total of 2,328 and 5,291 transcripts in the human muscle and C2C12 muscle cells, respectively, were differentially expressed. We identified an overlapping molecular signature of 1,027 genes dysregulated in DMD muscle that were induced in BMP4-stimulated C2C12 muscle cells. Highly upregulated DMD transcripts that overlapped with BMP4-stimulated C2C12 muscle cells included ADAMTS3, HCAR2, SERPING1, SMAD8 , and UNC13C. The DMD transcriptome was characterized by dysregulation of pathways involving immune function, extracellular matrix remodeling, and metabolic/mitochondrial function. In summary, we define a late-stage DMD skeletal muscle transcriptome that substantially overlaps with the BMP4-induced molecular signature in C2C12 muscle cells. This supports BMP4 as a disease-driving regulator of transcriptomic changes in late-stage DMD skeletal muscle and expands our understanding of the evolution of dystrophic signaling pathways and their associated gene networks that could be explored for therapeutic development.
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Berrone E, Chiorino G, Guana F, Benedetti V, Palmitessa C, Gallo M, Calvo A, Casale F, Manera U, Favole A, Crociara P, Testori C, Carta V, Tessarolo C, D’Angelo A, De Marco G, Caramelli M, Chiò A, Casalone C, Corona C. SOMAscan Proteomics Identifies Novel Plasma Proteins in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031899. [PMID: 36768220 PMCID: PMC9916400 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a complex disease characterized by the interplay of genetic and environmental factors for which, despite decades of intense research, diagnosis remains rather delayed, and most therapeutic options fail. Therefore, unravelling other potential pathogenetic mechanisms and searching for reliable markers are high priorities. In the present study, we employ the SOMAscan assay, an aptamer-based proteomic technology, to determine the circulating proteomic profile of ALS patients. The expression levels of ~1300 proteins were assessed in plasma, and 42 proteins with statistically significant differential expression between ALS patients and healthy controls were identified. Among these, four were upregulated proteins, Thymus- and activation-regulated chemokine, metalloproteinase inhibitor 3 and nidogen 1 and 2 were selected and validated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in an overlapping cohort of patients. Following statistical analyses, different expression patterns of these proteins were observed in the familial and sporadic ALS patients. The proteins identified in this study might provide insight into ALS pathogenesis and represent potential candidates to develop novel targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Berrone
- S.C. Neuroscienze, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanna Chiorino
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, 13900 Biella, Italy
| | - Francesca Guana
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, Fondazione Edo ed Elvo Tempia, 13900 Biella, Italy
| | - Valerio Benedetti
- S.C. Neuroscienze, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Claudia Palmitessa
- S.C. Neuroscienze, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Marina Gallo
- S.C. Neuroscienze, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Calvo
- Rita Levi Montalcini Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Neurology, Hospital Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Federico Casale
- Rita Levi Montalcini Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Umberto Manera
- Rita Levi Montalcini Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Neurology, Hospital Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Alessandra Favole
- S.C. Neuroscienze, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.F.); (A.C.)
| | - Paola Crociara
- S.C. Neuroscienze, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy
- ASL TO4, 10034 Chivasso, Italy
| | - Camilla Testori
- S.C. Neuroscienze, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Valerio Carta
- S.C. Neuroscienze, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Carlotta Tessarolo
- S.C. Neuroscienze, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Antonio D’Angelo
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Giovanni De Marco
- Rita Levi Montalcini Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Neurology, Hospital Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Caramelli
- S.C. Neuroscienze, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Adriano Chiò
- Rita Levi Montalcini Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Neurology, Hospital Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.F.); (A.C.)
| | - Cristina Casalone
- S.C. Neuroscienze, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Cristiano Corona
- S.C. Neuroscienze, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy
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Wang B, Gao J, Zhao Z, Zhong X, Cui H, Hou H, Zhang Y, Zheng J, Di J, Liu Y. Identification of a small-molecule RPL11 mimetic that inhibits tumor growth by targeting MDM2-p53 pathway. Mol Med 2022; 28:109. [PMID: 36071402 PMCID: PMC9450376 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00537-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Targeting ribosome biogenesis to activate p53 has recently emerged as a therapeutic strategy in human cancer. Among various ribosomal proteins, RPL11 centralizes the nucleolar stress-sensing pathway by binding MDM2, leading to MDM2 inactivation and p53 activation. Therefore, the identification of MDM2-binding RPL11-mimetics would be valuable for anti-cancer therapeutics. METHODS Based on the crystal structure of the interface between RPL11 and MDM2, we have identified 15 potential allosteric modulators of MDM2 through the virtual screening. RESULTS One of these compounds, named S9, directly binds MDM2 and competitively inhibits the interaction between RPL11 and MDM2, leading to p53 stabilization and activation. Moreover, S9 inhibits cancer cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistic study reveals that MDM2 is required for S9-induced G2 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, whereas p53 contributes to S9-induced apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Putting together, S9 may serve as a lead compound for the development of an anticancer drug that specifically targets RPL11-MDM2-p53 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingwu Wang
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, China
| | - Jian Gao
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, China
| | - Zhongjun Zhao
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xuefei Zhong
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Hao Cui
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Hui Hou
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Department of Radiation and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 450 West Drive, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Junnian Zheng
- Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China. .,Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.
| | - Jiehui Di
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China. .,Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China. .,Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.
| | - Yong Liu
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China. .,Center of Clinical Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China. .,Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China. .,The State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
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4
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Higgins CE, Tang J, Higgins SP, Gifford CC, Mian BM, Jones DM, Zhang W, Costello A, Conti DJ, Samarakoon R, Higgins PJ. The Genomic Response to TGF-β1 Dictates Failed Repair and Progression of Fibrotic Disease in the Obstructed Kidney. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:678524. [PMID: 34277620 PMCID: PMC8284093 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.678524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tubulointerstitial fibrosis is a common and diagnostic hallmark of a spectrum of chronic renal disorders. While the etiology varies as to the causative nature of the underlying pathology, persistent TGF-β1 signaling drives the relentless progression of renal fibrotic disease. TGF-β1 orchestrates the multifaceted program of kidney fibrogenesis involving proximal tubular dysfunction, failed epithelial recovery or re-differentiation, capillary collapse and subsequent interstitial fibrosis eventually leading to chronic and ultimately end-stage disease. An increasing complement of non-canonical elements function as co-factors in TGF-β1 signaling. p53 is a particularly prominent transcriptional co-regulator of several TGF-β1 fibrotic-response genes by complexing with TGF-β1 receptor-activated SMADs. This cooperative p53/TGF-β1 genomic cluster includes genes involved in cellular proliferative control, survival, apoptosis, senescence, and ECM remodeling. While the molecular basis for this co-dependency remains to be determined, a subset of TGF-β1-regulated genes possess both p53- and SMAD-binding motifs. Increases in p53 expression and phosphorylation, moreover, are evident in various forms of renal injury as well as kidney allograft rejection. Targeted reduction of p53 levels by pharmacologic and genetic approaches attenuates expression of the involved genes and mitigates the fibrotic response confirming a key role for p53 in renal disorders. This review focuses on mechanisms underlying TGF-β1-induced renal fibrosis largely in the context of ureteral obstruction, which mimics the pathophysiology of pediatric unilateral ureteropelvic junction obstruction, and the role of p53 as a transcriptional regulator within the TGF-β1 repertoire of fibrosis-promoting genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig E. Higgins
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Jiaqi Tang
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Stephen P. Higgins
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Cody C. Gifford
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Badar M. Mian
- The Urological Institute of Northeastern New York, Albany, NY, United States
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - David M. Jones
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Wenzheng Zhang
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Angelica Costello
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - David J. Conti
- Division of Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Rohan Samarakoon
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Paul J. Higgins
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
- The Urological Institute of Northeastern New York, Albany, NY, United States
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States
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5
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Mondal P, Saleem S, Sikder S, Kundu TK, Biswas SC, Roy S. Multifunctional transcriptional coactivator PC4 is a global co-regulator of p53-dependent stress response and gene regulation. J Biochem 2019; 166:403-413. [PMID: 31236588 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvz050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Human positive coactivator 4 (PC4), a multifunctional chromatin-associated protein, is known to directly interact with p53 and modulate expressions of a few p53-dependent genes. However, the role of PC4 in p53's myriad of other regulatory functions is not known. The p53-PC4 interaction was selectively perturbed by a small peptide which led to abrogation of genotoxic stress-induced up-regulation of many p53-dependent genes and reduction of apoptosis in A549 cells. Over-expression of a PC4 point mutant, incapable of binding p53, recapitulated many of the effects of the peptide. Global gene expression profiling in A549 cells, upon peptide treatment, revealed PC4's involvement in the regulation of many p53-dependent pathways, including the Hippo pathway. Introduction of the peptide in neuronal cells significantly reduced its amyloid-β-induced death. Thus, PC4 emerges as a global co-regulator of p53 and a therapeutic target against pathogeneses where the p53-dependent cell death process plays a crucial role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Mondal
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, P1/12, CIT Scheme VIIM, Kolkata, West Bengal
| | - Suraiya Saleem
- Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, West Bengal
| | - Sweta Sikder
- Transcription and Disease Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Tapas K Kundu
- Transcription and Disease Laboratory, Molecular Biology and Genetics Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Subhas Chandra Biswas
- Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, West Bengal
| | - Siddhartha Roy
- Department of Biophysics, Bose Institute, P1/12, CIT Scheme VIIM, Kolkata, West Bengal
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6
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Higgins CE, Tang J, Mian BM, Higgins SP, Gifford CC, Conti DJ, Meldrum KK, Samarakoon R, Higgins PJ. TGF-β1-p53 cooperativity regulates a profibrotic genomic program in the kidney: molecular mechanisms and clinical implications. FASEB J 2019; 33:10596-10606. [PMID: 31284746 PMCID: PMC6766640 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900943r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease affects >15% of the U.S. population and >850 million individuals worldwide. Fibrosis is the common outcome of many chronic renal disorders and, although the etiology varies (i.e., diabetes, hypertension, ischemia, acute injury, and urologic obstructive disorders), persistently elevated renal TGF-β1 levels result in the relentless progression of fibrotic disease. TGF-β1 orchestrates the multifaceted program of renal fibrogenesis involving proximal tubular dysfunction, failed epithelial recovery and redifferentiation, and subsequent tubulointerstitial fibrosis, eventually leading to chronic renal disease. Recent findings implicate p53 as a cofactor in the TGF-β1-induced signaling pathway and a transcriptional coregulator of several TGF-β1 profibrotic response genes by complexing with receptor-activated SMADs, which are homologous to the small worms (SMA) and Drosophilia mothers against decapentaplegic (MAD) gene families. The cooperative p53-TGF-β1 genomic cluster includes genes involved in cell growth control and extracellular matrix remodeling [e.g., plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1; serine protease inhibitor, clade E, member 1), connective tissue growth factor, and collagen I]. Although the molecular basis for this codependency is unclear, many TGF-β1-responsive genes possess p53 binding motifs. p53 up-regulation and increased p53 phosphorylation; moreover, they are evident in nephrotoxin- and ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury, diabetic nephropathy, ureteral obstructive disease, and kidney allograft rejection. Pharmacologic and genetic approaches that target p53 attenuate expression of the involved genes and mitigate the fibrotic response, confirming a key role for p53 in renal disorders. This review focuses on mechanisms whereby p53 functions as a transcriptional regulator within the TGF-β1 cluster with an emphasis on the potent fibrosis-promoting PAI-1 gene.-Higgins, C. E., Tang, J., Mian, B. M., Higgins, S. P., Gifford, C. C., Conti, D. J., Meldrum, K. K., Samarakoon, R., Higgins, P. J. TGF-β1-p53 cooperativity regulates a profibrotic genomic program in the kidney: molecular mechanisms and clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig E. Higgins
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Jiaqi Tang
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Badar M. Mian
- The Urological Institute of Northeastern New York, Albany, New York, USA
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Stephen P. Higgins
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Cody C. Gifford
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - David J. Conti
- Division of Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Kirstan K. Meldrum
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan, USA
| | - Rohan Samarakoon
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Paul J. Higgins
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Cell Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
- The Urological Institute of Northeastern New York, Albany, New York, USA
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
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7
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Gholizadeh‐Ghaleh Aziz S, Fardyazar Z, Pashaiasl M. The human amniotic fluid mesenchymal stem cells therapy on, SKOV3, ovarian cancer cell line. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2019; 7:e00726. [PMID: 31111674 PMCID: PMC6625370 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose One of the most common malignancies peculiar to female health with few symptoms, low response to therapy, difficult diagnosis, frequent relapse, and high mortality, is ovarian cancer. Thus, our experiment, using Human amniotic fluid mesenchymal stem cells (hAFMSCs) as a therapeutic tool, aims to find an efficient treatment approach for patients suffering from SKOV3 ovarian cancer. Material & Methods In this study, we obtained 5 ml amniotic fluid from 16–20 week pregnant women who underwent amniocentesis for routine prenatal diagnosis by karyotyping in Al‐Zahra Hospital of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Using trans wells in 24 wells plate, hAFMSCs were isolated from all samples, co‐cultured with SKOV3 ovarian cancer cell line, and characterized via flow cytometry and RT‐PCR. Human skin fibroblast cells (HSFCs) were isolated and used as a negative control. SKOV3 and HSFCs' viability after 5 days was evaluated by MTT assay. Cell cycle and apoptotic genes were analyzed by real‐time PCR. Results We successfully isolated and characterized hAFMSCs through it positivity for CD44 and CD90 specific mesenchymal stem cell markers and negativity for CD31 and CD45. Oct4 and NANOG were evaluated by RT‐PCR as pluripotency markers, and visualized on 2% gel electrophoresis. We established hAFMS cell lines after 5 days of co‐culturing the SKOV3 cells, viability was decreased; however, HSFCs did not show toxicity by MTT assay. The genes indicated upregulation and high expression by a real‐time PCR. Conclusions Our findings showed that hAFMSCs have natural tumor tropism, and can release soluble factors in a cell culture, which cause an efficient anticancer effect. Thus, we can use hAFMSCs for complete anticancer therapy on SKOV3 cell line at cell culture condition and possibly in vivo in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zahra Fardyazar
- Women’s Reproductive Health Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Science Tabriz University of Medical Science Tabriz Iran
| | - Maryam Pashaiasl
- Women’s Reproductive Health Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Science Tabriz University of Medical Science Tabriz Iran
- Drug Applied Research Center Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
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8
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The oncoprotein HBXIP promotes human breast cancer growth through down-regulating p53 via miR-18b/MDM2 and pAKT/MDM2 pathways. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018; 39:1787-1796. [PMID: 30181579 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-018-0034-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian hepatitis B X-interacting protein (HBXIP) is an 18-kDa protein that regulates a large number of transcription factors such as TF-IID, E2F1, SP1, STAT3, c-Myc, and LXR by serving as an oncogenic transcription coactivator and plays an important role in the development of breast cancer. We previously showed that HBXIP as an oncoprotein could enhance the promoter activity of MDM2 through coactivating p53, promoting the MDM2 transcription in breast cancer. In this study we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the modulation of MDM2/p53 interaction by HBXIP in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells in vitro and in vivo. We showed that HBXIP could up-regulate MDM2 through inducing DNA methylation of miR-18b, thus suppressing the miR-18b expression, leading to the attenuation of p53 in breast cancer cells. In addition, HBXIP could promote the phosphorylation of MDM2 by increasing the level of pAKT and bind to pMDM2, subsequently enhancing the interaction between MDM2 and p53 for the down-regulation of p53 in breast cancer cells. In MCF-7 breast cancer xenograft nude mice, we also observed that overexpression of HBXIP promoted breast cancer growth through the miR-18b/MDM2 and pAKT/MDM2 pathways. In conclusion, oncoprotein HBXIP suppresses miR-18b to elevate MDM2 and activates pAKT to phosphorylate MDM2 for enhancing the interaction between MDM2 and p53, leading to p53 degradation in promotion of breast cancer growth. Our findings shed light on a novel mechanism of p53 down-regulation during the development of breast cancer.
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9
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Goh WL, Lee MY, Lim TX, Chua JS, Brenner S, Ghadessy FJ, Teo YN. A novel molecular rotor facilitates detection of p53-DNA interactions using the Fluorescent Intercalator Displacement Assay. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12946. [PMID: 30154420 PMCID: PMC6113202 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31197-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We have investigated the use of fluorescent molecular rotors as probes for detection of p53 binding to DNA. These are a class of fluorophores that undergo twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT). They are non-fluorescent in a freely rotating conformation and experience a fluorescence increase when restricted in the planar conformation. We hypothesized that intercalation of a molecular rotor between DNA base pairs would result in a fluorescence turn-on signal. Upon displacement by a DNA binding protein, measurable loss of signal would facilitate use of the molecular rotor in the fluorescent intercalator displacement (FID) assay. A panel of probes was interrogated using the well-established p53 model system across various DNA response elements. A novel, readily synthesizable molecular rotor incorporating an acridine orange DNA intercalating group (AO-R) outperformed other conventional dyes in the FID assay. It enabled relative measurement of p53 sequence-specific DNA interactions and study of the dominant-negative effects of cancer-associated p53 mutants. In a further application, AO-R also proved useful for staining apoptotic cells in live zebrafish embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter L Goh
- p53 Laboratory, A*STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Min Yen Lee
- Molecular Engineering Lab, Biomedical Sciences Institutes, A*STAR, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Ting Xiang Lim
- p53 Laboratory, A*STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Joy S Chua
- p53 Laboratory, A*STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Sydney Brenner
- Molecular Engineering Lab, Biomedical Sciences Institutes, A*STAR, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Farid J Ghadessy
- p53 Laboratory, A*STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, #06-06 Immunos, Singapore, 138648, Singapore.
| | - Yin Nah Teo
- Molecular Engineering Lab, Biomedical Sciences Institutes, A*STAR, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138673, Singapore.
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10
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Xi Y, Formentini A, Chien M, Weir DB, Russo JJ, Ju J, Kornmann M, Ju J. Prognostic Values of microRNAs in Colorectal Cancer. Biomark Insights 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/117727190600100009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The functions of non-coding microRNAs (miRNAs) in tumorigenesis are just beginning to emerge. Previous studies from our laboratory have identified a number of miRNAs that were deregulated in colon cancer cell lines due to the deletion of the p53 tumor suppressor gene. In this study, the in vivo significance of some of these miRNAs was further evaluated using colorectal clinical samples. Ten miRNAs ( hsa-let-7b, hsa-let-7g, hsa-miR-15b, hsa-miR-181b, hsa-miR-191, hsa-miR-200c, hsa-miR-26a, hsa-miR-27a, hsa-miR-30a-5p and hsa-miR-30c) were evaluated for their potential prognostic value in colorectal cancer patients. Forty eight snap frozen clinical colorectal samples (24 colorectal cancer and 24 paired normal patient samples) with detailed clinical follow-up information were selected. The expression levels of 10 miRNAs were quantified via qRT-PCR analysis. The statistical significance of these markers for disease prognosis was evaluated using a two tailed paired Wilcoxon test. A Kaplan-Meier survival curve was generated followed by performing a Logrank test. Among the ten miRNAs, hsa-miR-15b (p = 0.0278), hsa-miR-181b (p = 0.0002), hsa-miR-191 (p = 0.0264) and hsa-miR-200c (p = 0.0017) were significantly over-expressed in tumors compared to normal colorectal samples. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated that hsa-miR-200c was significantly associated with patient survival (p = 0.0122). The patients (n = 15) with higher hsa-miR-200c expression had a shorter survival time (median survival = 26 months) compared to patients (n = 9) with lower expression (median survival = 38 months). Sequencing analysis revealed that hsa-miR-181b (p = 0.0098) and hsa-miR-200c (p = 0.0322) expression were strongly associated with the mutation status of the p53 tumor suppressor gene. Some of these miRNAs may function as oncogenes due to their over-expression in tumors. hsa-miR-200c may be a potential novel prognostic factor in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaguang Xi
- The Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688
| | - Andrea Formentini
- Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Ulm, Steinhoevelstrasse 9, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Minchen Chien
- Columbia Genome Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032
| | - David B. Weir
- Columbia Genome Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032
| | - James J. Russo
- Columbia Genome Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032
| | - Jingyue Ju
- Columbia Genome Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032
| | - Marko Kornmann
- Department of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Ulm, Steinhoevelstrasse 9, 89075 Ulm, Germany
| | - Jingfang Ju
- The Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688
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11
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Hu K, Yin F, Yu M, Sun C, Li J, Liang Y, Li W, Xie M, Lao Y, Liang W, Li ZG. In-Tether Chiral Center Induced Helical Peptide Modulators Target p53-MDM2/MDMX and Inhibit Tumor Growth in Stem-Like Cancer Cell. Theranostics 2017; 7:4566-4576. [PMID: 29158845 PMCID: PMC5695149 DOI: 10.7150/thno.19840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of the interaction between p53 and MDM2/MDMX has attracted significant attention in anticancer therapy development. We designed a series of in-tether chiral center-induced helical stabilized peptides, among which MeR/PhR effectively reactivated p53. The activation of p53 inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in both the MCF-7 normal tumor cell line and the PA-1 pluripotent cancer cell line with only minimal cellular toxicity towards normal cells or cancer cell lines with p53 mutations. The in vivo bioactivity study of the peptide in the ovarian teratocarcinoma (PA-1) xenograft model showed a tumor growth rate inhibition of 70% with a dosage of 10 mg/kg (one injection every other day). This is the first application of a stabilized peptide modulator targeting stem-like cancer cell both in vitro and in vivo and provides references to cancer stem cell therapy.
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12
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Bastos P, Gomes T, Ribeiro L. Catechol-O-Methyltransferase (COMT): An Update on Its Role in Cancer, Neurological and Cardiovascular Diseases. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 173:1-39. [DOI: 10.1007/112_2017_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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13
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Yin F, Hu K, Chen S, Wang D, Zhang J, Xie M, Yang D, Qiu M, Zhang H, Li ZG. Black phosphorus quantum dot based novel siRNA delivery systems in human pluripotent teratoma PA-1 cells. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:5433-5440. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb01068k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
As a novel semiconducting materials, BP-QDs possess superior transfection efficiency, excellent biocompatibility and low cytotoxicity, which shows promising potential for siRNA delivery and photothermal effects in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yin
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology
- Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School
- Shenzhen
- China
| | - Kuan Hu
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology
- Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School
- Shenzhen
- China
| | - Si Chen
- SZU-NUS Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province College of Optoelectronic Engineering
- Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen 518060
- P. R. China
| | - Dongyuan Wang
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology
- Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School
- Shenzhen
- China
| | - Jianing Zhang
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology
- Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School
- Shenzhen
- China
| | - Mingsheng Xie
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology
- Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School
- Shenzhen
- China
| | - Dan Yang
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology
- Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School
- Shenzhen
- China
| | - Meng Qiu
- SZU-NUS Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province College of Optoelectronic Engineering
- Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen 518060
- P. R. China
| | - Han Zhang
- SZU-NUS Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province College of Optoelectronic Engineering
- Shenzhen University
- Shenzhen 518060
- P. R. China
| | - Zi-gang Li
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology
- Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School
- Shenzhen
- China
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14
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Marie SKN, Oba-Shinjo SM, da Silva R, Gimenez M, Nunes Reis G, Tassan JP, Rosa JC, Uno M. Stathmin involvement in the maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase pathway in glioblastoma. Proteome Sci 2016; 14:6. [PMID: 26973435 PMCID: PMC4788929 DOI: 10.1186/s12953-016-0094-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Maternal Embryonic Leucine Zipper Kinase (MELK) is a serine/threonine kinase involved in cell cycle, differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. These multiple features are consistent with it being a potential anticancer target. Nevertheless, the MELK pathway in tumorigenesis is not yet completely understood. This study aims to identify proteins associated with MELK pathway in astrocytomas. To this end, proteomic data of the human glioma cell line U87MG transfected with siRNA for MELK were compared with non-target transfected control cells and compared with oligonucleotide microarray data. Results In both assays, we identified stathmin/oncoprotein 18 (STMN1), involved in cell cycle. STMN1 gene expression was further assessed in a series of 154 astrocytomas and 22 non-neoplastic brain samples by qRT-PCR. STMN1 expression was significantly increased in malignant diffusely infiltrative astrocytomas compared with pilocytic astrocytoma (p < 0.0001). A strong correlation between MELK and STMN1 expressions was observed (r = 0.741, p < 0.0001) in glioblastoma (GBM) samples. However, no difference on survival times was found when compared GBM cases with upregulated and downregulated STMN1 (Breslow = 0.092, median survival time: 11 and 13 months, respectively). Functional assays knocking down MELK by siRNA in GBM cell line showed that gene and protein expression of both MELK and stathmin were diminished. On the other hand, when the same analysis was performed for STMN1, only stathmin gene and protein was silenced. Conclusions The results presented herein point stahtmin as a downstream target in the MELK pathway that plays a role in malignant progression of astrocytomas. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12953-016-0094-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suely Kazue Nagahashi Marie
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology (LIM 15), Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of São Paul, Av. Dr Arnaldo 455, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP 01246-903 Brazil ; Center for Studies of Cellular and Molecular Therapy (NETCEM), University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sueli Mieko Oba-Shinjo
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology (LIM 15), Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of São Paul, Av. Dr Arnaldo 455, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP 01246-903 Brazil
| | - Roseli da Silva
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology (LIM 15), Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of São Paul, Av. Dr Arnaldo 455, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP 01246-903 Brazil
| | - Marcela Gimenez
- Protein Chemistry Center and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, 14049-900 Brazil
| | - Gisele Nunes Reis
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology (LIM 15), Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of São Paul, Av. Dr Arnaldo 455, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP 01246-903 Brazil
| | - Jean-Pierre Tassan
- Cell Cycle Group, SFR Biosit, UMR 6290 CNRS Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes-Université de Rennes 1, 2 Avenue du Professeur Léon Bernard, CS 34317, 35043 Rennes, Bretagne France
| | - Jose Cesar Rosa
- Protein Chemistry Center and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirão Preto, 14049-900 Brazil
| | - Miyuki Uno
- Center of Translational Research in Oncology, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo-ICESP, Av. Dr Arnaldo 251, 8th floor, Cerqueira César, São Paulo, SP 01246-000 Brazil
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15
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Cai BH, Chao CF, Lin HC, Huang HY, Kannagi R, Chen JY. A/T gap tolerance in the core sequence and flanking sequence requirements of non-canonical p53 response elements. J Biochem 2016; 159:563-72. [PMID: 26823482 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvw005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The canonical core sequence of the p53 response element, CATG, has a two-base A/T gap. Previously, we found that p53 can also activate a non-canonical four-base A/T gap CATATG core sequence. In this study, we investigated the possible number of A/T bases used by p53 and showed that a six-base A/T gap CATATATG core sequence was the maximum A/T gap in the p53 response element that could be upregulated by p53 and p63. Canonical and non-canonical p53 response elements also have three-base flanking sequences. A/T bases could be substituted by G/C bases, including CACACG and CGTGTG, but not CGCGCG. We found that the SV40 promoter with functional six- and two-base A/T gap core sequences could be activated by TAp63γ and that TAp63γ could upregulate SV40 small and large T antigens expression in COS7 cells. We also found that the distal region of PUMA promoter with functional two six-base A/T gap core sequences could be activated by TAp63γ in 293T cells. These new findings could provide novel rules for the non-canonical p53 family response element and could extend the entire p53 family regulation network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi-He Cai
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Faye Chao
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hwang-Chi Lin
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China and
| | - Hua-Ying Huang
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Reiji Kannagi
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, Research Complex for Medical Frontiers, Aichi Medical University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Jang-Yi Chen
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan,
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16
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Pratama E, Tian X, Lestari W, Iseki S, Ichwan SJA, Ikeda MA. Critical role of ARID3B in the expression of pro-apoptotic p53-target genes and apoptosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 468:248-54. [PMID: 26519881 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.10.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
ARID3A and ARID3B are transcriptional targets of p53. Recently, it has been reported that ARID3A plays a critical role in the transcriptional activation of pro-arrest p21 in response to DNA damage. However, the role of ARID3B in the p53 regulatory pathway remains poorly understood. Here we show that ARID3A and ARID3B specifically bind to putative ARID3-binding sites in p53 target genes in vitro and in vivo. ARID3B and, to a lesser extent, ARID3A silencing blocked transcriptional activation of pro-apoptotic p53 target genes, such as PUMA, PIG3, and p53. Furthermore, ectopic ARID3B, to a lesser extent, ARID3A expression activated the pro-apoptotic gene expression, and only ARID3B induced apoptosis. Finally, ARID3B but not ARID3A silencing blocked apoptosis induction following DNA damage. These results indicated that, although ARID3B and ARID3A share overlapping functions, ARID3B play a key role in the expression of pro-apoptotic p53-target genes and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endrawan Pratama
- Department of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Xiaohui Tian
- Department of Oral Implantology and Regenerative Dental Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Widya Lestari
- Faculty of Dentistry, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Malaysia
| | - Sachiko Iseki
- Department of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Masa-Aki Ikeda
- Department of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
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17
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Abstract
The predominant function of the tumor suppressor p53 is transcriptional regulation. It is generally accepted that p53-dependent transcriptional activation occurs by binding to a specific recognition site in promoters of target genes. Additionally, several models for p53-dependent transcriptional repression have been postulated. Here, we evaluate these models based on a computational meta-analysis of genome-wide data. Surprisingly, several major models of p53-dependent gene regulation are implausible. Meta-analysis of large-scale data is unable to confirm reports on directly repressed p53 target genes and falsifies models of direct repression. This notion is supported by experimental re-analysis of representative genes reported as directly repressed by p53. Therefore, p53 is not a direct repressor of transcription, but solely activates its target genes. Moreover, models based on interference of p53 with activating transcription factors as well as models based on the function of ncRNAs are also not supported by the meta-analysis. As an alternative to models of direct repression, the meta-analysis leads to the conclusion that p53 represses transcription indirectly by activation of the p53-p21-DREAM/RB pathway.
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Key Words
- CDE, cell cycle-dependent element
- CDKN1A
- CHR, cell cycle genes homology region
- ChIP, chromatin immunoprecipitation
- DREAM complex
- DREAM, DP, RB-like, E2F4, and MuvB complex
- E2F/RB complex
- HPV, human papilloma virus
- NF-Y, Nuclear factor Y
- cdk, cyclin-dependent kinase
- genome-wide meta-analysis
- p53
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Fischer
- a Molecular Oncology; Medical School ; University of Leipzig ; Leipzig , Germany
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18
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Pozharissky KM, Raskin GA, Vinokurov VL, Yurkova LE, Mukhina MS. [The immunohistochemical features of ovarian serous adenocarcinoma cells, which determine a disease course and survival rates in patients]. Arkh Patol 2015; 77:38-40. [PMID: 25868367 DOI: 10.17116/patol201577138-] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study a relationship of survival rates to the expression of major genes (p53, PTEN, COX2, pRb and others) involved in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The trial enrolled 23 patients with Stages III-IV ovarian serous adenocarcinoma. Of them, 11 patients showed a long overall survival (median 50 ± 2.5 months), 12 did a short one (14.5 ± 0.7 months). Ovarian adenocarcinomas were high- and low-grade in 20 (87%) and 3 (13%) cases, respectively. RESULTS Estimating the relationship of the expression of the examined markers and the prognosis of the disease showed that the expression of p53 and Rb was more common in the patients with a short overall survival (median 14.5 versus 50 months; p = 0.03; p = 0.04). CONCLUSION The expression of mutant p53 protein and that of retinoblastoma (Rb) gene protein are poor prognostic factors for ovarian serous adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Pozharissky
- Russian Research Center for Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Saint Petersburg
| | - G A Raskin
- Russian Research Center for Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Saint Petersburg
| | - V L Vinokurov
- Russian Research Center for Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Saint Petersburg
| | - L E Yurkova
- Russian Research Center for Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Saint Petersburg
| | - M S Mukhina
- Russian Research Center for Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Saint Petersburg
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19
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Devine T, Dai MS. Targeting the ubiquitin-mediated proteasome degradation of p53 for cancer therapy. Curr Pharm Des 2013; 19:3248-62. [PMID: 23151129 DOI: 10.2174/1381612811319180009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Within the past decade, there has been a revolution in the types of drugs developed to treat cancer. Therapies that selectively target cancer-specific aberrations, such as kinase inhibitors, have made a dramatic impact on a subset of patients. In spite of these successes, there is still a dearth of treatment options for the vast majority of patients. Therefore, there is a need to design therapies with broader efficacy. The p53 tumor suppressor pathway is one of the most frequently altered in human cancers. However, about half of all cancers retain wild-type p53, yet through various mechanisms, the p53 pathway is otherwise inactivated. Targeting this pathway for reactivation truly represents the "holy grail" in cancer treatment. Most commonly, destabilization of p53 by various components of ubiquitin- proteasome system, notably the ubiquitin ligase MDM2 and its partner MDMX as well as various deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs), render p53 inert and unresponsive to stress signals. Reinstating its function in cancer has been a long sought-after goal. Towards this end, a great deal of work has been devoted to the development of compounds that either interfere with the p53-MDM2 and p53- MDMX interactions, inhibit MDM2 E3 activity, or target individual DUBs. Here we review the current progress that has been made in the field, with a special emphasis on both MDM2 and DUB inhibitors. Developing inhibitors targeting the upstream of the p53 ubiquitination pathway will likely also be a valuable option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Devine
- Department of Molecular & Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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20
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Mapping the p53 transcriptome universe using p53 natural polymorphs. Cell Death Differ 2013; 21:521-32. [PMID: 24076587 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2013.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 has defined roles in varied cellular processes including apoptosis and DNA repair. While conventional genomic approaches have suggested a large number of p53 targets, there is a need for a systematic approach to validate these putative genes. We developed a method to identify and validate p53's transcriptional behavior by utilizing 16 non-synonymous p53 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variants. Five SNPs located within the DNA-binding domain of p53 were found to be functionally null, whereas the other 11 SNPs were p53WT-like in behavior. By integrating p53 ChIP-seq analysis with transcriptome data from the p53 SNP variants, 592 genes were identified as novel p53 targets. Many of these genes mapped to previously less well-characterized aspects of p53 function, such as cell signalling, metabolism, central nervous system, and immune system. These data provide pivotal insights into the involvement of p53 in diverse pathways of normal physiological processes and open new avenues for investigation of p53 function.
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21
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Spehlmann ME, Manthey CF, Dann SM, Hanson E, Sandhu SS, Liu LY, Abdelmalak FK, Diamanti MA, Retzlaff K, Scheller J, Rose-John S, Greten FR, Wang JY, Eckmann L. Trp53 deficiency protects against acute intestinal inflammation. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2013; 191:837-47. [PMID: 23772033 PMCID: PMC3710108 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1201716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The p53 protein has not only important tumor suppressor activity but also additional immunological and other functions, whose nature and extent are just beginning to be recognized. In this article, we show that p53 has a novel inflammation-promoting action in the intestinal tract, because loss of p53 or the upstream activating kinase, ATM, protects against acute intestinal inflammation in murine models. Mechanistically, deficiency in p53 leads to increased survival of epithelial cells and lamina propria macrophages, higher IL-6 expression owing to enhanced glucose-dependent NF-κB activation, and increased mucosal STAT3 activation. Blockade or loss of IL-6 signaling reverses the protective effects of p53 deficiency. Conversely, IL-6 treatment protects against acute colitis in a manner dependent on STAT3 signaling and induction of cytoprotective factors in epithelial cells. Together, these results indicate that p53 promotes inflammation in the intestinal tract through suppression of epithelium-protective factors, thus significantly expanding the spectrum of physiological and immunological p53 activities unrelated to cancer formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina E. Spehlmann
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Carolin F. Manthey
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sara M. Dann
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Elaine Hanson
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sukhman S. Sandhu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Linus Y. Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Farid K. Abdelmalak
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Michaela A. Diamanti
- 2nd Department of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University, Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kristin Retzlaff
- 2nd Department of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University, Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Scheller
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefan Rose-John
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Florian R. Greten
- 2nd Department of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University, Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jean Y.J. Wang
- Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Lars Eckmann
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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22
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Mukherjee JJ, Kumar S. DNA synthesis inhibition in response to benzo[a]pyrene dihydrodiol epoxide is associated with attenuation of p(34)cdc2: Role of p53. Mutat Res 2013; 755:61-7. [PMID: 23692869 PMCID: PMC3743414 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2013.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Our previous findings demonstrated that DNA damage by polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) triggers a cellular protective response of growth inhibition (G1-S cell cycle arrest and inhibition of DNA synthesis) in human fibroblasts associated with accumulation of p53 protein, a growth-inhibitory transcription factor. Here, we report that BPDE (the ultimate carcinogenic metabolite of the PAH benzo[a]pyrene) treatment triggers a variable extent of inhibition of DNA synthesis/cell growth, which does not correspond to the extent of increased p53 accumulation. BPDE treatment of cells significantly attenuates expression of p(34)cdc2, a cell cycle activating protein. Although the role of cdc2 down-regulation in inhibition of cell cycle progression is well known, cdc2 down-regulation in response to cellular insult by PAHs has not been reported. Unlike p53 accumulation, there is a correspondence between DNA synthesis/cell growth inhibition and cdc2 down-regulation by BPDE. BPDE-induced cdc2 down-regulation is p53 dependent, although there is no correspondence between p53 accumulation and cdc2 down-regulation. BPDE-induced cdc2 down-regulation corresponded with accumulation of the cell cycle inhibitor protein p21 (transactivation product of p53). DNA synthesis/cell growth inhibition in response to DNA-damaging PAHs may involve down-regulation of cdc2 protein mediated by p53 activation (transactivation ability), and the extent of p53 accumulation is not the sole determining factor in this regard.
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Kong X, Peng B, Yang Y, Zhang P, Qin B, Han D, Wang C, Dang Y, Liu JO, Yu L. p53 Represses transcription of RING finger LIM domain-binding protein RLIM through Sp1. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62832. [PMID: 23650532 PMCID: PMC3641103 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
RLIM acts as a negative regulator of LIM-Homeodomain proteins either by recruiting Sin3A/Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) co-repressor complex or through degradation of CLIM coactivator, thus playing an important role in embryonic development. Recent studies by different research groups have shown that RLIM acts as an X-encoded, dose-dependent inducer of X chromosome inactivation in mouse embryonic stem cells. However, until now, very little is known about the expression regulation of RLIM gene, and we tried to study the transcriptional regulation of RLIM gene. In the present study, we identified RLIM as a novel target of p53 and demonstrated that p53 repressed both mRNA and protein levels of RLIM. Expression of wild type p53, but not p53 mutants, led to repression of the RLIM promoter activity. We further identified four putative Sp1 elements (S1 to S4) on the RLIM promoter that are essential for p53-mediated repression of RLIM. Although p53 does not directly bind to the RLIM promoter, it physically interacts with and prevents the binding of Sp1 to the RLIM promoter. Thus, RLIM is a novel target of p53, and p53 exerts its inhibitory effect on RLIM expression by interfering with Sp1-mediated transcriptional activation on RLIM. Our results provided data to enlarge the knowledge of transcriptional regulation of RLIM and suggested a new pathway by which physiological and pathological activators of p53 may affect development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangtao Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Bo Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Pingzhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Bo Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Division of Oncology Research, Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Dingding Han
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Chenji Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yongjun Dang
- Departments of Pharmacology and Oncology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jun O. Liu
- Departments of Pharmacology and Oncology, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Long Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, P.R. China
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
- * E-mail:
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24
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Deganello A, Gitti G, Mannelli G, Meccariello G, Gallo O. Risk factors for multiple malignancies in the head and neck. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2013; 149:105-11. [PMID: 23535708 DOI: 10.1177/0194599813484273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To define the prognostic role of multiple epidemiological, clinical, and biological factors for the development of multiple malignancies (MM) in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC). STUDY DESIGN Historical cohort study. p53 gene status, microsatellite instability (MSI) of the index tumor, and inherited chromosome fragility (CF) were studied. SETTING Ninety-six consecutive patients affected by primary HNC, between January 1987 and October 1991, who were eligible for curative radiation therapy were followed up. SUBJECTS AND METHODS p53 gene status, MSI, and CF in 96 curative radiotherapy-treated patients were correlated with the risk for MM. RESULTS Multiple malignancies occurred in 28.9%. Microsatellite instability (P = 0.05), CF (P < 0.01), and smoking after treatment of the index tumor (P = 0.02) were correlated with an increased risk of MM. CONCLUSION Genetic susceptibility may play a central role for MM development in patients with HNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Deganello
- First Clinic of Otolaryngology and Head-Neck Surgery, University of Florence, Italy.
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25
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Sellak H, Choi CS, Dey NB, Lincoln TM. Transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG-I): pathophysiological significance. Cardiovasc Res 2013; 97:200-7. [PMID: 23139241 PMCID: PMC3543991 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvs327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Revised: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of the endothelium to produce nitric oxide, which induces generation of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) that activates cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG-I), in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), is essential for the maintenance of vascular homeostasis. Yet, disturbance of this nitric oxide/cGMP/PKG-I pathway has been shown to play an important role in many cardiovascular diseases. In the last two decades, in vitro and in vivo models of vascular injury have shown that PKG-I is suppressed following nitric oxide, cGMP, cytokine, and growth factor stimulation. The molecular basis for these changes in PKG-I expression is still poorly understood, and they are likely to be mediated by a number of processes, including changes in gene transcription, mRNA stability, protein synthesis, or protein degradation. Emerging studies have begun to define mechanisms responsible for changes in PKG-I expression and have identified cis- and trans-acting regulatory elements, with a plausible role being attributed to post-translational control of PKG-I protein levels. This review will focus mainly on recent advances in understanding of the regulation of PKG-I expression in VSMCs, with an emphasis on the physiological and pathological significance of PKG-I down-regulation in VSMCs in certain circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Sellak
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Medical Science Building Room 3103, Mobile, AL 36688, USA.
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26
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Morris SM, Baek JY, Koszarek A, Kanngurn S, Knoblaugh SE, Grady WM. Transforming growth factor-beta signaling promotes hepatocarcinogenesis induced by p53 loss. Hepatology 2012; 55:121-31. [PMID: 21898503 PMCID: PMC3237853 DOI: 10.1002/hep.24653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 08/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) results from the accumulation of deregulated tumor suppressor genes and/or oncogenes in hepatocytes. Inactivation of TP53 and inhibition of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling are among the most common molecular events in human liver cancers. Thus, we assessed whether inactivation of TGF-β signaling, by deletion of the TGF-β receptor, type II (Tgfbr2), cooperates with Trp53 loss to drive HCC formation. Albumin-cre transgenic mice were crossed with floxed Trp53 and/or floxed Tgfbr2 mice to generate mice lacking p53 and/or Tgfbr2 in the liver. Deletion of Trp53 alone (Trp53(KO) ) resulted in liver tumors in approximately 41% of mice by 10 months of age, whereas inactivation of Tgfbr2 alone (Tgfbr2(KO) ) did not induce liver tumors. Surprisingly, deletion of Tgfbr2 in the setting of p53 loss (Trp53(KO) ;Tgfbr2(KO) ) decreased the frequency of mice with liver tumors to around 17% and delayed the age of tumor onset. Interestingly, Trp53(KO) and Trp53(KO) ;Tgfbr2(KO) mice develop both HCC and cholangiocarcinomas, suggesting that loss of p53, independent of TGF-β, may affect liver tumor formation through effects on a common liver stem cell population. Assessment of potential mechanisms through which TGF-β signaling may promote liver tumor formation in the setting of p53 loss revealed a subset of Trp53(KO) tumors that express increased levels of alpha-fetoprotein. Furthermore, tumors from Trp53(KO) mice express increased TGF-β1 levels compared with tumors from Trp53(KO) ;Tgfbr2(KO) mice. Increased phosphorylated Smad3 and ERK1/2 expression was also detected in the tumors from Trp53(KO) mice and correlated with increased expression of the TGF-β responsive genes, Pai1 and Ctgf. CONCLUSION TGF-β signaling paradoxically promotes the formation of liver tumors that arise in the setting of p53 inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelli M. Morris
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109 USA
| | - Ji Yeon Baek
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109 USA
,Center for Colorectal Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Amanda Koszarek
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109 USA
| | - Samornmas Kanngurn
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109 USA
,Department of Pathology, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
| | - Sue E. Knoblaugh
- Animal Health Resources, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109 USA
| | - William M. Grady
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109 USA
,Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medical School, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
,Corresponding Author: William M. Grady, MD, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Clinical Research Division, 1100 Fairview Ave. N, Mailstop D4-100, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, Phone: 206-667-1107, Fax: 206-667-2917,
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27
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Lestari W, Ichwan SJA, Otsu M, Yamada S, Iseki S, Shimizu S, Ikeda MA. Cooperation between ARID3A and p53 in the transcriptional activation of p21WAF1 in response to DNA damage. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 417:710-6. [PMID: 22172947 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
ARID3A/DRIL1/Bright is a family member of the AT rich interaction domain (ARID) DNA-binding proteins that are involved in diverse biological processes. We have reported that p53 activates ARID3A transcription, and ARID3A overexpression induces G1 arrest. However, the role of ARID3A in the p53 pathway remains unclear. Here, we show that ARID3A cooperates with p53 to transcriptionally activate p21(WAF1), a p53-target gene important for cell-cycle arrest. ARID3A bound to its binding sites in the p21(WAF1) promoter in vivo and in vitro, and induced p21(WAF1) transcription in U2OS cells expressing wild-type p53 but not Saos-2 cells lacking p53. The co-expression of ARID3A with p53 cooperates to activate p21(WAF1) transcription and the stably transfected p21(WAF1) promoter. Mutation of the ARID3A binding sites reduced the p21(WAF1) promoter activity, and siRNA-based ARID3A knockdown suppressed the transcription of p21(WAF1), but not the proapoptotic NOXA and PUMA in response to DNA damage. Furthermore, p53 knockdown decreased ARID3A transcription, and, conversely, ARID3A overexpression and knockdown resulted in an increase or decrease in p53 stability, respectively. These results indicate both cooperative and interdependent roles for ARID3A and p53 in the transcriptional activation of p21(WAF1) in response to DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Widya Lestari
- Section of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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28
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Morris SM, Baek JY, Koszarek A, Kanngurn S, Knoblaugh SE, Grady WM. Transforming growth factor-beta signaling promotes hepatocarcinogenesis induced by p53 loss. HEPATOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD.) 2011. [PMID: 21898503 DOI: 10.1002/hep.2465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) results from the accumulation of deregulated tumor suppressor genes and/or oncogenes in hepatocytes. Inactivation of TP53 and inhibition of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling are among the most common molecular events in human liver cancers. Thus, we assessed whether inactivation of TGF-β signaling, by deletion of the TGF-β receptor, type II (Tgfbr2), cooperates with Trp53 loss to drive HCC formation. Albumin-cre transgenic mice were crossed with floxed Trp53 and/or floxed Tgfbr2 mice to generate mice lacking p53 and/or Tgfbr2 in the liver. Deletion of Trp53 alone (Trp53(KO) ) resulted in liver tumors in approximately 41% of mice by 10 months of age, whereas inactivation of Tgfbr2 alone (Tgfbr2(KO) ) did not induce liver tumors. Surprisingly, deletion of Tgfbr2 in the setting of p53 loss (Trp53(KO) ;Tgfbr2(KO) ) decreased the frequency of mice with liver tumors to around 17% and delayed the age of tumor onset. Interestingly, Trp53(KO) and Trp53(KO) ;Tgfbr2(KO) mice develop both HCC and cholangiocarcinomas, suggesting that loss of p53, independent of TGF-β, may affect liver tumor formation through effects on a common liver stem cell population. Assessment of potential mechanisms through which TGF-β signaling may promote liver tumor formation in the setting of p53 loss revealed a subset of Trp53(KO) tumors that express increased levels of alpha-fetoprotein. Furthermore, tumors from Trp53(KO) mice express increased TGF-β1 levels compared with tumors from Trp53(KO) ;Tgfbr2(KO) mice. Increased phosphorylated Smad3 and ERK1/2 expression was also detected in the tumors from Trp53(KO) mice and correlated with increased expression of the TGF-β responsive genes, Pai1 and Ctgf. CONCLUSION TGF-β signaling paradoxically promotes the formation of liver tumors that arise in the setting of p53 inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelli M Morris
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109-1024, USA
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29
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Aguda BD, Kim Y, Kim HS, Friedman A, Fine HA. Qualitative network modeling of the Myc-p53 control system of cell proliferation and differentiation. Biophys J 2011; 101:2082-91. [PMID: 22067145 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2011.09.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Revised: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 09/30/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A kinetic model of a molecular control system for the cellular decision to proliferate or differentiate is formulated and analyzed for the purpose of understanding how the system can break down in cancer cells. The proposed core of this control system is composed of the transcription factors Myc and p53. The network of interactions between these factors involves negative and positive feedback loops that are linked to pathways involved in differentiation, cell cycle, and apoptosis. Understanding the dynamics of the Myc-p53 control system is aided by the postulate that there exists a cancer zone defined as a range of oncogenic Myc activities where the probability of initiating cancer is high. We propose that an essential role of p53 is to prevent the system from entering or staying too long in the cancer zone by downregulating Myc or, when Myc activity somehow becomes too high, by inducing apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, or differentiation. Kinetic modeling illustrates how deletions or aberrations in PTEN, MDM2, and ARF (genes implicated in various cancers, including glioma) affect the Myc-p53 control system. In addition, computer simulations demonstrate how this control system generates different cellular phenotypes characterized by rates of cellular differentiation and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baltazar D Aguda
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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30
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Feng X, Liu X, Zhang W, Xiao W. p53 directly suppresses BNIP3 expression to protect against hypoxia-induced cell death. EMBO J 2011; 30:3397-415. [PMID: 21792176 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2011.248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia stabilizes the tumour suppressor p53, allowing it to function primarily as a transrepressor; however, the function of p53 during hypoxia remains unclear. In this study, we showed that p53 suppressed BNIP3 expression by directly binding to the p53-response element motif and recruiting corepressor mSin3a to the BNIP3 promoter. The DNA-binding site of p53 must remain intact for the protein to suppress the BNIP3 promoter. In addition, taking advantage of zebrafish as an in vivo model, we confirmed that zebrafish nip3a, a homologous gene of mammalian BNIP3, was indeed induced by hypoxia and p53 mutation/knockdown enhanced nip3a expression under hypoxia resulted in cell death enhancement in p53 mutant embryos. Furthermore, p53 protected against hypoxia-induced cell death mediated by p53 suppression of BNIP3 as illustrated by p53 knockdown/loss assays in both human cell lines and zebrafish model, which is in contrast to the traditional pro-apoptotic role of p53. Our results suggest a novel function of p53 in hypoxia-induced cell death, leading to the development of new treatments for ischaemic heart disease and cerebral stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Feng
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Conservation of Aquatic Organisms, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
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31
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The tumor suppressor p53 transcriptionally regulates cGKI expression during neuronal maturation and is required for cGMP-dependent growth cone collapse. J Neurosci 2009; 29:15155-60. [PMID: 19955367 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4416-09.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The cGMP-dependent protein kinase type I (cGKI) has multiple functions including a role in axonal growth and pathfinding of sensory neurons, and counteracts Semaphorin 3A (Sema3A)-induced growth cone collapse. Within the nervous system, however, the transcriptional regulation of cGKI is still obscure. Recently, the transcription factor and tumor suppressor p53 has been reported to promote neurite outgrowth by regulating the gene expression of factors that promote growth cone extension, but specific p53 targets genes that may counteract growth cone collapse have not been identified so far. Here, we show that p53 promotes cGKI expression in neuronal-like PC-12 cells and primary neurons by occupying specific regulatory elements in a chromatin environment during neuronal maturation. Importantly, we demonstrate that p53-dependent expression of cGKI is required for the ability of cGMP to counteract growth cone collapse. Growth cone retraction mediated by Sema3A is overcome by cGMP only in wild-type, but not in p53-null dorsal root ganglia. Reconstitution of p53 levels is sufficient to recover both cGKI expression and the ability of cGMP to counteract growth cone collapse, while cGKI overexpression rescues growth cone collapse in p53-null primary neurons. In conclusion, this study identifies p53 as a transcription factor that regulates the expression of cGKI during neuronal maturation and cGMP-dependent inhibition of growth cone collapse.
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32
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Salvioli S, Capri M, Bucci L, Lanni C, Racchi M, Uberti D, Memo M, Mari D, Govoni S, Franceschi C. Why do centenarians escape or postpone cancer? The role of IGF-1, inflammation and p53. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2009; 58:1909-17. [PMID: 19139887 PMCID: PMC11030834 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-008-0639-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2008] [Accepted: 12/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Centenarians are exceptionally long living individuals who escaped the most common age-related diseases. In particular they appear to be effectively protected from cancers. The mechanisms that underlie this protection are quite complex and still largely unclear. AIM To critically analyse the literature in order to propose a unifying hypothesis that can account for this cancer protection in centenarians. METHODS Review of the scientific literature regarding three main players in tumourigenesis such as IGF-1, inflammation and p53, and centenarians. RESULTS Centenarians appear to be characterised by low IGF-1-mediated responses and high levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10 and TGF-beta, a condition that results in protection from cancer. Both inflammation and IGF-1 pathway converge on the tumour suppressor p53. Accordingly, some studies indicate that genetic variants of p53 are associated with human longevity by providing protection from cancer mortality. CONCLUSIONS The available data let us to hypothesise that among other possible mechanisms, well-preserved p53-mediated responses are likely a key factor contributing to protection from cancer in centenarians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Salvioli
- Department of Experimental Pathology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
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33
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Lambert JMR, Moshfegh A, Hainaut P, Wiman KG, Bykov VJN. Mutant p53 reactivation by PRIMA-1MET induces multiple signaling pathways converging on apoptosis. Oncogene 2009; 29:1329-38. [PMID: 19946333 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2009.425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The low molecular weight compound PRIMA-1(MET) reactivates mutant p53 and triggers mutant p53-dependent apoptosis in human tumor cells. We investigated the effect of PRIMA-1(MET) on global gene expression using microarray analysis of Saos-2 cells expressing His273 mutant p53 and parental p53 null Saos-2 cells. PRIMA-1(MET) affected transcription of a significantly larger number of genes in the mutant p53-expressing cells compared to the p53 null cells. Genes affected by PRIMA-1(MET) in a mutant p53-dependent manner include the cell-cycle regulators GADD45B and 14-3-3gamma and the pro-apoptotic Noxa. Several of the affected genes are known p53 target genes and/or contain p53 DNA-binding motifs. We also found mutant p53-dependent disruption of the cytoskeleton, as well as transcriptional activation of the XBP1 gene and cleavage of its mRNA, a marker for endoplasmic reticulum stress. Our data show that PRIMA-1(MET) induces apoptosis through multiple transcription-dependent and -independent pathways. Such integral engagement of multiple pathways leading to apoptosis is consistent with restoration of wild-type properties to mutant p53 and is likely to reduce the risk of drug resistance development in clinical applications of PRIMA-1(MET).
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Affiliation(s)
- J M R Lambert
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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34
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Barsotti AM, Prives C. Pro-proliferative FoxM1 is a target of p53-mediated repression. Oncogene 2009; 28:4295-305. [PMID: 19749794 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2009.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The p53 tumor suppressor protein acts as a transcription factor to modulate cellular responses to a wide variety of stresses. In this study we show that p53 is required for the downregulation of FoxM1, an essential transcription factor that regulates many G2/M-specific genes and is overexpressed in a multitude of solid tumors. After DNA damage, p53 facilitates the repression of FoxM1 mRNA, which is accompanied by a decrease in FoxM1 protein levels. In cells with reduced p53 expression, FoxM1 is upregulated after DNA damage. Nutlin, a small-molecule activator of p53, suppresses FoxM1 levels in two cell lines in which DNA damage facilitates only mild repression. Mechanistically, p53-mediated inhibition of FoxM1 is partially p21 and retinoblastoma (Rb) family dependent, although in some cases p21-independent repression of FoxM1 was also observed. The importance of FoxM1 to cell fate was indicated by the observation that G2/M arrest follows FoxM1 ablation. Finally, our results indicate a potential contribution of p53-mediated repression of FoxM1 for maintenance of a stable G2 arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Barsotti
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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35
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Repression of the miR-17-92 cluster by p53 has an important function in hypoxia-induced apoptosis. EMBO J 2009; 28:2719-32. [PMID: 19696742 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2009.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2009] [Accepted: 07/02/2009] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We here report that miR-17-92 cluster is a novel target for p53-mediated transcriptional repression under hypoxia. We found the expression levels of miR-17-92 cluster were reduced in hypoxia-treated cells containing wild-type p53, but were unchanged in hypoxia-treated p53-deficient cells. The repression of miR-17-92 cluster under hypoxia is independent of c-Myc. Luciferase reporter assays mapped the region responding to p53-mediated repression to a p53-binding site in the proximal region of the miR-17-92 promoter. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), Re-ChIP and gel retardation assays revealed that the binding sites for p53- and the TATA-binding protein (TBP) overlap within the miR-17-92 promoter; these proteins were found to compete for binding. Finally, we show that pri-miR-17-92 expression correlated well with p53 status in colorectal carcinomas. Over-express miR-17-92 cluster markedly inhibits hypoxia-induced apoptosis, whereas blocked miR-17-5p and miR-20a sensitize the cells to hypoxia-induced apoptosis. These data indicated that p53-mediated repression of miR-17-92 expression likely has an important function in hypoxia-induced apoptosis, and thus further our understanding of the tumour suppressive function of p53.
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Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 is a master transcriptional regulator that affects a diverse range of cellular events. Surprisingly, even with >100 validated p53 response element (RE) sequences available, the effect of p53 binding on transcriptional behavior is seldom predictable and no functional rules have been described. Here, we report a systematic study on the role of specific nucleotides within the p53RE by using p21, a well-known target for p53 activation and contrasting it with Lasp1, a gene recently identified to be repressed by p53. Functional assays revealed a specific dinucleotide core combination within the CWWG motif of the p53RE to be the key factor that determines whether p53 transcriptionally activates or represses a target gene. The triplet RRR and YYY sequences flanking the core CWWG motif were also shown to play an important role in modulating the transcriptional behavior of p53. With the establishment of a set of predictive rules, we were able to reassess 162 published p53REs and showed that the attributed function for 20/162 p53REs studied were in fact erroneous. A significant proportion of p53REs (39/162) were found to be repressive, which is substantially higher than what is currently thought. Hence this clearer definition of the transcriptional behavior of p53 interaction with its RE will provide better insight toward the understanding of its fundamental role in cellular networks.
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37
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Comparative proteome analysis to explore p53 pathway disruption in head and neck carcinogenesis. J Proteomics 2009; 72:803-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2009.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2009] [Revised: 03/10/2009] [Accepted: 05/06/2009] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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38
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The p53 tumor suppressor network in cancer and the therapeutic modulation of cell death. Apoptosis 2009; 14:336-47. [PMID: 19229632 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-009-0327-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The molecular subversion of cell death is acknowledged as a principal contributor to the development and progression of cancer. The p53 tumor suppressor protein is among the most commonly altered proteins in human cancer. The p53 protein mediates critical functions within cells including the response to genotoxic stress, differentiation, senescence, and cell death. Loss of p53 function can result in enhanced rates of cell proliferation, resistance to cell death stimuli, genomic instability, and metastasis. The community of cancer scientists is now in possession of a vast repository of information regarding the frequency, specific mechanisms, and clinical context of cell death deregulation in cancer. This information has enabled the design of therapeutic agents to target proteins, including p53. The feasibility and impact of targeting cell death signaling proteins has been established in preclinical models of human cancer. The appropriate application of these targeted agents is now being established in clinical trials.
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Inhibition of p53 by pifithrin-alpha reduces myocyte apoptosis and leukocyte transmigration in aged rat hearts following 24 hours of reperfusion. Shock 2009; 30:545-51. [PMID: 18317410 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0b013e31816a192d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease is a common age-related disease. Apoptotic cell death and inflammation are the major contributors to I/R injury. The mechanisms that trigger myocyte apoptosis and inflammation during myocardial I/R (MI/R) remain to be elucidated. Published data from our laboratory demonstrated that pretreatment of MI/R rats with pifithrin-alpha (PFT), a specific p53 inhibitor, reduced myocyte apoptosis and improved cardiac function compared with MI/R rats pretreated with saline at 4 h of reperfusion. In the present study, we investigated the effects of PFT on the occurrence of myocyte apoptosis and leukocyte transmigration in the later period of reperfusion. Aged (20-month-old) male F344 rats were subjected to 30 min of myocardial ischemia via ligature of the LCA, followed by 24 h of reperfusion. Pifithrin-alpha (2.2 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) or saline was administered to rats before ischemia. The results indicate that pretreatment of MI/R rats with PFT significantly decreased the percentage of infarct area to ischemic area (33 +/- 8 vs. 54 +/- 9, P < 0.05) and improved cardiac output (79 +/- 11 vs. 38 +/- 9 mL/min per 100 g body weight, P < 0.05) when compared with rats pretreated with saline at 24 h of reperfusion. The protective effects of PFT may involve the p53/Bax-mediated apoptosis because treatment of MI/R rats with PFT attenuated the ratio of Bax to Bcl2 (0.97 +/- 0.1 vs. 2.1 +/- 0.2, P < 0.05) and reduced myocyte apoptosis. Interestingly, inhibition of p53 transcriptional function by PFT alleviated leukocyte infiltration into the ischemic area of the heart (339 +/- 37 vs. 498 +/- 75 cells/10 high-power fields, P < 0.05). These data suggest that inhibition of p53 transcriptional function by PFT attenuates myocyte apoptosis and alleviates leukocyte transmigration at 24 h of reperfusion. The mechanisms by which p53 modulates leukocyte transmigration require further investigation.
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Fu W, Yu Y, Xu L. Identification of Temporal Differentially Expressed Protein Responses to Microcystin in Human Amniotic Epithelial Cells. Chem Res Toxicol 2008; 22:41-51. [DOI: 10.1021/tx800396p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Fu
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, and Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yingnian Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, and Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lihong Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, and Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Vrba L, Junk DJ, Novak P, Futscher BW. p53 induces distinct epigenetic states at its direct target promoters. BMC Genomics 2008; 9:486. [PMID: 18922183 PMCID: PMC2585595 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-9-486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2008] [Accepted: 10/15/2008] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The tumor suppressor protein p53 is a transcription factor that is mutated in many cancers. Regulation of gene expression by binding of wild-type p53 to its target sites is accompanied by changes in epigenetic marks like histone acetylation. We studied DNA binding and epigenetic changes induced by wild-type and mutant p53 in non-malignant hTERT-immortalized human mammary epithelial cells overexpressing either wild-type p53 or one of four p53 mutants (R175H, R249S, R273H and R280K) on a wild-type p53 background. Results Using chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled to a 13,000 human promoter microarray, we found that wild-type p53 bound 197 promoters on the microarray including known and novel p53 targets. Of these p53 targets only 20% showed a concomitant increase in histone acetylation, which was linked to increased gene expression, while 80% of targets showed no changes in histone acetylation. We did not observe any decreases in histone acetylation in genes directly bound by wild-type p53. DNA binding in samples expressing mutant p53 was reduced over 95% relative to wild-type p53 and very few changes in histone acetylation and no changes in DNA methylation were observed in mutant p53 expressing samples. Conclusion We conclude that wild-type p53 induces transcription of target genes by binding to DNA and differential induction of histone acetylation at target promoters. Several new wild-type p53 target genes, including DGKZ, FBXO22 and GDF9, were found. DNA binding of wild-type p53 is highly compromised if mutant p53 is present due to interaction of both p53 forms resulting in no direct effect on epigenetic marks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Vrba
- Arizona Cancer Center, the University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
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Lyakhov IG, Krishnamachari A, Schneider TD. Discovery of novel tumor suppressor p53 response elements using information theory. Nucleic Acids Res 2008; 36:3828-33. [PMID: 18495754 PMCID: PMC2441790 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkn189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
An accurate method for locating genes under tumor suppressor p53 control that is based on a well-established mathematical theory and built using naturally occurring, experimentally proven p53 sites is essential in understanding the complete p53 network. We used a molecular information theory approach to create a flexible model for p53 binding. By searching around transcription start sites in human chromosomes 1 and 2, we predicted 16 novel p53 binding sites and experimentally demonstrated that 15 of the 16 (94%) sites were bound by p53. Some were also bound by the related proteins p63 and p73. Thirteen of the adjacent genes were controlled by at least one of the proteins. Eleven of the 16 sites (69%) had not been identified previously. This molecular information theory approach can be extended to any genetic system to predict new sites for DNA-binding proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya G Lyakhov
- Basic Research Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NCI at Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA
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Guilarte TR, Burton NC, Verina T, Prabhu VV, Becker KG, Syversen T, Schneider JS. Increased APLP1 expression and neurodegeneration in the frontal cortex of manganese-exposed non-human primates. J Neurochem 2008; 105:1948-59. [PMID: 18284614 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05295.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Chronic manganese (Mn) exposure produces a neurological syndrome with psychiatric, cognitive, and parkinsonian features. Gene expression profiling in the frontal cortex of Cynomologous macaques receiving 3.3-5.0 mg Mn/kg weekly for 10 months showed that 61 genes were increased and four genes were decreased relative to controls from a total of 6766 genes. Gene changes were associated with cell cycle regulation, DNA repair, apoptosis, ubiquitin-proteasome system, protein folding, cholesterol homeostasis, axonal/vesicular transport, and inflammation. Amyloid-beta (Abeta) precursor-like protein 1, a member of the amyloid precursor protein family, was the most highly up-regulated gene. Immunohistochemistry confirmed increased amyloid precursor-like protein 1 protein expression and revealed the presence of diffuse Abeta plaques in Mn-exposed frontal cortex. Cortical neurons and white matter fibers from Mn-exposed animals accumulated silver grains indicative of on-going degeneration. Cortical neurons also exhibited nuclear hypertrophy, intracytoplasmic vacuoles, and apoptosis stigmata. p53 immunolabeling was increased in the cytoplasm of neurons and in the nucleus and processes of glial cells in Mn-exposed tissue. In summary, chronic Mn exposure produces a cellular stress response leading to neurodegenerative changes and diffuse Abeta plaques in the frontal cortex. These changes may explain the subtle cognitive deficits previously demonstrated in these same animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás R Guilarte
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
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Roth CL, Mastronardi C, Lomniczi A, Wright H, Cabrera R, Mungenast AE, Heger S, Jung H, Dubay C, Ojeda SR. Expression of a tumor-related gene network increases in the mammalian hypothalamus at the time of female puberty. Endocrinology 2007; 148:5147-61. [PMID: 17615149 DOI: 10.1210/en.2007-0634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Much has been learned in recent years about the central mechanisms controlling the initiation of mammalian puberty. It is now clear that this process requires the interactive participation of several genes. Using a combination of high throughput, molecular, and bioinformatics strategies, in combination with a system biology approach, we singled out from the hypothalamus of nonhuman primates and rats a group of related genes whose expression increases at the time of female puberty. Although these genes [henceforth termed tumor-related genes (TRGs)] have diverse cellular functions, they share the common feature of having been earlier identified as involved in tumor suppression/tumor formation. A prominent member of this group is KiSS1, a gene recently shown to be essential for the occurrence of puberty. Cis-regulatory analysis revealed the presence of a hierarchically arranged gene set containing five major hubs (CDP/CUTL1, MAF, p53, YY1, and USF2) controlling the network at the transcriptional level. In turn, these hubs are heavily connected to non-TRGs involved in the transcriptional regulation of the pubertal process. TRGs may be expressed in the mammalian hypothalamus as components of a regulatory gene network that facilitates and integrates cellular and cell-cell communication programs required for the acquisition of female reproductive competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian L Roth
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
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45
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How adenovirus strives to control cellular gene expression. Virology 2007; 363:357-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2007.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2006] [Revised: 01/24/2007] [Accepted: 02/12/2007] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Menendez D, Inga A, Jordan JJ, Resnick MA. Changing the p53 master regulatory network: ELEMENTary, my dear Mr Watson. Oncogene 2007; 26:2191-201. [PMID: 17401428 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1210277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The p53 master regulatory network provides for the stress-responsive direct control of a vast number of genes in humans that can be grouped into several biological categories including cell-cycle control, apoptosis and DNA repair. Similar to other sequence-specific master regulators, there is a matrix of key components, which provide for variation within the p53 master regulatory network that include p53 itself, target response element sequences (REs) that provide for p53 regulation of target genes, chromatin, accessory proteins and transcription machinery. Changes in any of these can impact the expression of individual genes, groups of genes and the eventual biological responses. The many REs represent the core of the master regulatory network. Since defects or altered expression of p53 are associated with over 50% of all cancers and greater than 90% of p53 mutations are in the sequence-specific DNA-binding domain, it is important to understand the relationship between wild-type or mutant p53 proteins and the target response elements. In the words of the legendary detective Sherlock Holmes, it is 'Elementary, my dear Mr. Watson'.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Menendez
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Chromosome Stability Section, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
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47
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Rahman-Roblick R, Johannes Roblick U, Hellman U, Conrotto P, Liu T, Becker S, Hirschberg D, Jörnvall H, Auer G, Wiman KG. p53 targets identified by protein expression profiling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:5401-6. [PMID: 17372198 PMCID: PMC1828709 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0700794104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
p53 triggers cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through transcriptional regulation of specific target genes. We have investigated the effect of p53 activation on the proteome using 2D gel electrophoresis analysis of mitomycin C-treated HCT116 colon carcinoma cells carrying wild-type p53. Approximately 5,800 protein spots were separated in overlapping narrow-pH-range gel strips, and 115 protein spots showed significant expression changes upon p53 activation. The identity of 55 protein spots was obtained by mass spectrometry. The majority of the identified proteins have no previous connection to p53. The proteins fall into different functional categories, such as mRNA processing, translation, redox regulation, and apoptosis, consistent with the idea that p53 regulates multiple cellular pathways. p53-dependent regulation of five of the up-regulated proteins, eIF5A, hnRNP C1/C2, hnRNP K, lamin A/C, and Nm23-H1, and two of the down-regulated proteins, Prx II and TrpRS, was examined in further detail. Analysis of mRNA expression levels demonstrated both transcription-dependent and transcription-independent regulation among the identified targets. Thus, this study reveals protein targets of p53 and highlights the role of transcription-independent effects for the p53-induced biological response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubaiyat Rahman-Roblick
- *Department of Oncology–Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Uwe Johannes Roblick
- *Department of Oncology–Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Surgery, University of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany; and
| | - Ulf Hellman
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Box 595, Uppsala University, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Paolo Conrotto
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Box 595, Uppsala University, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Wolfgang-Pauli Strasse 10, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tao Liu
- *Department of Oncology–Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanne Becker
- *Department of Oncology–Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Hirschberg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans Jörnvall
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gert Auer
- *Department of Oncology–Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Klas G. Wiman
- *Department of Oncology–Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Sbisà E, Catalano D, Grillo G, Licciulli F, Turi A, Liuni S, Pesole G, De Grassi A, Caratozzolo MF, D'Erchia AM, Navarro B, Tullo A, Saccone C, Gisel A. p53FamTaG: a database resource of human p53, p63 and p73 direct target genes combining in silico prediction and microarray data. BMC Bioinformatics 2007; 8 Suppl 1:S20. [PMID: 17430565 PMCID: PMC1885850 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-8-s1-s20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The p53 gene family consists of the three genes p53, p63 and p73, which have polyhedral non-overlapping functions in pivotal cellular processes such as DNA synthesis and repair, growth arrest, apoptosis, genome stability, angiogenesis, development and differentiation. These genes encode sequence-specific nuclear transcription factors that recognise the same responsive element (RE) in their target genes. Their inactivation or aberrant expression may determine tumour progression or developmental disease. The discovery of several protein isoforms with antagonistic roles, which are produced by the expression of different promoters and alternative splicing, widened the complexity of the scenario of the transcriptional network of the p53 family members. Therefore, the identification of the genes transactivated by p53 family members is crucial to understand the specific role for each gene in cell cycle regulation. We have combined a genome-wide computational search of p53 family REs and microarray analysis to identify new direct target genes. The huge amount of biological data produced has generated a critical need for bioinformatic tools able to manage and integrate such data and facilitate their retrieval and analysis. Description We have developed the p53FamTaG database (p53 FAMily TArget Genes), a modular relational database, which contains p53 family direct target genes selected in the human genome searching for the presence of the REs and the expression profile of these target genes obtained by microarray experiments. p53FamTaG database also contains annotations of publicly available databases and links to other experimental data. The genome-wide computational search of the REs was performed using PatSearch, a pattern-matching program implemented in the DNAfan tool. These data were integrated with the microarray results we produced from the overexpression of different isoforms of p53, p63 and p73 stably transfected in isogenic cell lines, allowing the comparative study of the transcriptional activity of all the proteins in the same cellular background. p53FamTaG database is available free at Conclusion p53FamTaG represents a unique integrated resource of human direct p53 family target genes that is extensively annotated and provides the users with an efficient query/retrieval system which displays the results of our microarray experiments and allows the export of RE sequences. The database was developed for supporting and integrating high-throughput in silico and experimental analyses and represents an important reference source of knowledge for research groups involved in the field of oncogenesis, apoptosis and cell cycle regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Sbisà
- Istituto di Tecnologie Biomediche-Sede di Bari, CNR, Via Amendola, 122/D 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Domenico Catalano
- Istituto di Tecnologie Biomediche-Sede di Bari, CNR, Via Amendola, 122/D 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Giorgio Grillo
- Istituto di Tecnologie Biomediche-Sede di Bari, CNR, Via Amendola, 122/D 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Flavio Licciulli
- Istituto di Tecnologie Biomediche-Sede di Bari, CNR, Via Amendola, 122/D 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Turi
- Istituto di Tecnologie Biomediche-Sede di Bari, CNR, Via Amendola, 122/D 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Sabino Liuni
- Istituto di Tecnologie Biomediche-Sede di Bari, CNR, Via Amendola, 122/D 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Graziano Pesole
- Istituto di Tecnologie Biomediche-Sede di Bari, CNR, Via Amendola, 122/D 70126 Bari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biologia Molecolare, "Ernesto Quagliariello", Università degli Studi di Bari, Via Orabona, 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Anna De Grassi
- Istituto di Tecnologie Biomediche-Sede di Bari, CNR, Via Amendola, 122/D 70126 Bari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biologia Molecolare, "Ernesto Quagliariello", Università degli Studi di Bari, Via Orabona, 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Mariano Francesco Caratozzolo
- Istituto di Tecnologie Biomediche-Sede di Bari, CNR, Via Amendola, 122/D 70126 Bari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biologia Molecolare, "Ernesto Quagliariello", Università degli Studi di Bari, Via Orabona, 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Maria D'Erchia
- Istituto di Tecnologie Biomediche-Sede di Bari, CNR, Via Amendola, 122/D 70126 Bari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biologia Molecolare, "Ernesto Quagliariello", Università degli Studi di Bari, Via Orabona, 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Beatriz Navarro
- Istituto di Tecnologie Biomediche-Sede di Bari, CNR, Via Amendola, 122/D 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Apollonia Tullo
- Istituto di Tecnologie Biomediche-Sede di Bari, CNR, Via Amendola, 122/D 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Cecilia Saccone
- Istituto di Tecnologie Biomediche-Sede di Bari, CNR, Via Amendola, 122/D 70126 Bari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biologia Molecolare, "Ernesto Quagliariello", Università degli Studi di Bari, Via Orabona, 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Andreas Gisel
- Istituto di Tecnologie Biomediche-Sede di Bari, CNR, Via Amendola, 122/D 70126 Bari, Italy
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Shu KX, Li B, Wu LX. The p53 network: p53 and its downstream genes. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2007; 55:10-8. [PMID: 17188467 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2006.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2006] [Revised: 10/17/2006] [Accepted: 11/03/2006] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The tumor-suppressor gene p53 and its downstream genes consist of a complicated gene network. p53 is a key molecular node in the network, which is activated in response to several cellular signals resulting in the maintenance of genetic stability. Several cellular signals may activate the p53 network. When the expression of P53 is elevated, P53-MDM2 module and the ubiquitin system can accurately regulate the expression level of P53. P53 can bind to specific DNA sequence, activate its downstream genes expression, and control cell-cycle arrest, DNA repair, and apoptosis. Elucidating the function of p53 gene network will help understand the interaction mechanisms of p53 and its downstream genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Xian Shu
- College of Bioinformation, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China.
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50
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Liu P, Xu B, Cavalieri TA, Hock CE. PIFITHRIN-α ATTENUATES P53-MEDIATED APOPTOSIS AND IMPROVES CARDIAC FUNCTION IN RESPONSE TO MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA/REPERFUSION IN AGED RATS. Shock 2006; 26:608-14. [PMID: 17117137 DOI: 10.1097/01.shk.0000232273.11225.af] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic cardiovascular disease is a common age-related disease. The p53-dependent cardiac myocyte apoptosis induced by myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) is an important feature in the progression of ischemic heart disease. In the present studies, we hypothesized that inhibition of p53-dependent myocyte apoptosis may improve cardiac dysfunction in aged rats after MI/R. A dose (2.2 mg/kg, i.p.) of pifithrin-alpha (PFT), a p53 inhibitor, or saline was administered to 20-month-old male F344 rats, which were subjected to 30 min of myocardial ischemia by ligating the left main coronary artery, followed by release of the ligature and 4 h of reperfusion. Results of our experiments indicate that MI/R induced a significant decrease in cardiac output index (CI) and mean arterial blood pressure (MABP). Administration of PFT to aged rats 40 min before ischemia significantly improved CI and MABP during 3 to 4 h of reperfusion. The improvement of cardiac function was associated with a marked reduction in DNA fragmentation in the area at risk of the heart when compared with aged MI/R rats pretreated with saline. Interestingly, treatment with PFT 10 min after ischemia or 10 min after reperfusion had a similar protective effect on CI and MABP, but this effect did not reach statistical significance when compared with aged MI/R rats pretreated with saline. Treatment with PFT, however, did not influence plasma creatine kinase activity and the number of circulating leukocytes and infiltrated leukocytes in the area at risk of the heart. Moreover, results of Western blot show that pretreatment with PFT significantly attenuated the ratio of Bax to Bcl-2 in the area-at-risk tissue of the heart compared with that of rats pretreated with saline. Our results suggest that pretreatment with PFT significantly improved cardiac function. The mechanism of protective effect of PFT may involve the inhibition of p53 transcriptional function, thereby attenuating the p53/Bax-mediated myocyte apoptosis during the reperfusion period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peitan Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, School of Osteopathic Medicine, 2 Medical Center Drive, Stratford, NJ 08084, U.S.A.
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