1
|
Yang X, Zhu J, Wang Q, Tang B, Shen Y, Wang B, Ji L, Liu H, Wuchty S, Zhang Z, Dong Y, Liang Z. Comparative analysis of dynamic transcriptomes reveals specific COVID-19 features and pathogenesis of immunocompromised populations. mSystems 2024; 9:e0138523. [PMID: 38752789 PMCID: PMC11237560 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01385-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024] Open
Abstract
A dysfunction of human host genes and proteins in coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a key factor impacting clinical symptoms and outcomes. Yet, a detailed understanding of human host immune responses is still incomplete. Here, we applied RNA sequencing to 94 samples of COVID-19 patients with and without hematological tumors as well as COVID-19 uninfected non-tumor individuals to obtain a comprehensive transcriptome landscape of both hematological tumor patients and non-tumor individuals. In our analysis, we further accounted for the human-SARS-CoV-2 protein interactome, human protein interactome, and human protein complex subnetworks to understand the mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection and host immune responses. Our data sets enabled us to identify important SARS-CoV-2 (non-)targeted differentially expressed genes and complexes post-SARS-CoV-2 infection in both hematological tumor and non-tumor individuals. We found several unique differentially expressed genes, complexes, and functions/pathways such as blood coagulation (APOE, SERPINE1, SERPINE2, and TFPI), lipoprotein particle remodeling (APOC2, APOE, and CETP), and pro-B cell differentiation (IGHM, VPREB1, and IGLL1) during COVID-19 infection in patients with hematological tumors. In particular, APOE, a gene that is associated with both blood coagulation and lipoprotein particle remodeling, is not only upregulated in hematological tumor patients post-SARS-CoV-2 infection but also significantly expressed in acute dead patients with hematological tumors, providing clues for the design of future therapeutic strategies specifically targeting COVID-19 in patients with hematological tumors. Our data provide a rich resource for understanding the specific pathogenesis of COVID-19 in immunocompromised patients, such as those with hematological malignancies, and developing effective therapeutics for COVID-19. IMPORTANCE A majority of previous studies focused on the characterization of coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease severity in people with normal immunity, while the characterization of COVID-19 in immunocompromised populations is still limited. Our study profiles changes in the transcriptome landscape post-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in hematological tumor patients and non-tumor individuals. Furthermore, our integrative and comparative systems biology analysis of the interactome, complexome, and transcriptome provides new insights into the tumor-specific pathogenesis of COVID-19. Our findings confirm that SARS-CoV-2 potentially tends to target more non-functional host proteins to indirectly affect host immune responses in hematological tumor patients. The identified unique genes, complexes, functions/pathways, and expression patterns post-SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with hematological tumors increase our understanding of how SARS-CoV-2 manipulates the host molecular mechanism. Our observed differential genes/complexes and clinical indicators of normal/long infection and deceased COVID-19 patients provide clues for understanding the mechanism of COVID-19 progression in hematological tumors. Finally, our study provides an important data resource that supports the increasing value of the application of publicly accessible data sets to public health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodi Yang
- Department of Hematology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jialin Zhu
- Department of Hematology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qingyun Wang
- Department of Hematology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Tang
- Department of Hematology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Shen
- Department of Hematology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bingjie Wang
- Department of Hematology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li Ji
- Department of Hematology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huihui Liu
- Department of Hematology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Stefan Wuchty
- Department of Computer Science, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
- Institute of Data Science and Computation, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Ziding Zhang
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yujun Dong
- Department of Hematology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zeyin Liang
- Department of Hematology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tang C, Yang C, Wang P, Li L, Lin Y, Yi Q, Tang F, Liu L, Zhou W, Liu D, Zhang L, Yuan X. Identification and Validation of Glomeruli Cellular Senescence-Related Genes in Diabetic Nephropathy by Multiomics. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2300453. [PMID: 37957539 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that cellular premature senescence of the glomerulus, including endothelial cells, mesangial cells, and podocytes leads to diabetic nephropathy (DN), and DN is regarded as a clinical model of premature senescence. However, the role of cellular senescence-associated genes in the glomerulus in DN progression remains unclear. Therefore, this work aims to identify and validate potential cellular aging-related genes in the glomerulus in DN to provide novel clues for DN treatment based on anti-aging. The microarray GSE96804 dataset, including 41 diabetic glomeruli and 20 control glomeruli, is retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and cellular senescence-related genes (CSRGs) are obtained from the GeneCards database and literature reports. Subsequently, PPI, GO, and KEGG enrichment are analyzed by screening the intersection between differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and CSRGs. scRNA-seq dataset GSE127235 is used to verify core genes expression in glomerulocytes of mice. Finally, db/db mice are utilized to validate the hub gene expression in the glomeruli, and high glucose-induced mesangial cells are used to confirm key gene expression. This study reveals that FOS and ZFP36 may play an anti-aging role in DN to ameliorate cell intracellular premature aging in mesangial cells of glomeruli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunyin Tang
- Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Pharmacy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
- College of Life Science, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, China
| | - Chunsong Yang
- Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Pharmacy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Peiwen Wang
- College of Life Science, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, China
| | - Luxin Li
- College of Life Science, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, China
| | - Yunzhu Lin
- Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Pharmacy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Qiusha Yi
- Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Pharmacy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Fengru Tang
- Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Pharmacy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Lantao Liu
- Postgraduate Department, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Pharmacy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Dongwen Liu
- Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Pharmacy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Lingli Zhang
- Evidence-Based Pharmacy Center, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Department of Pharmacy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610000, China
| | - Xiaohuan Yuan
- College of Life Science, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157000, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang W, Li Y, Tian C, Huang S, Chen L, Wang Y, Ma G, Chen R. Case report: Synergistic defects of CASP10 and BTK leading to autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome type IIa, complicated by severe hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Immunol Res 2023; 71:663-669. [PMID: 37067653 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-023-09369-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shunde Women and Children's Hospital of Guangdong Medical University (Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, 528300, China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Maternal and Child Medicine and Birth Defects, Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, 528300, China
| | - Yiyang Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Chuan Tian
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, China
| | - Si Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shunde Women and Children's Hospital of Guangdong Medical University (Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, 528300, China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Maternal and Child Medicine and Birth Defects, Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, 528300, China
| | - Lidan Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Shunde Women and Children's Hospital of Guangdong Medical University (Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, 528300, China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Maternal and Child Medicine and Birth Defects, Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, 528300, China
| | - Yajun Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shunde Women and Children's Hospital of Guangdong Medical University (Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, 528300, China
- Key Laboratory of Research in Maternal and Child Medicine and Birth Defects, Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, 528300, China
| | - Guoda Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, Shunde Women and Children's Hospital of Guangdong Medical University (Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, 528300, China.
- Key Laboratory of Research in Maternal and Child Medicine and Birth Defects, Guangdong Medical University, Foshan, 528300, China.
| | - Riling Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Shunde Women and Children's Hospital of Guangdong Medical University (Maternity and Child Healthcare Hospital of Shunde Foshan), Foshan, 528300, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Al Madhoun A, Hebbar P, Nizam R, Haddad D, Melhem M, Abu-Farha M, Thanaraj TA, Al-Mulla F. Caveolin-1 rs1997623 variant and adult metabolic syndrome—Assessing the association in three ethnic cohorts of Arabs, South Asians and South East Asians. Front Genet 2022; 13:1034892. [PMID: 36338969 PMCID: PMC9634410 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1034892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Animal and cell model studies have implicated CAV1 in the pathophysiology of metabolic disorders. Our previous studies demonstrated a potential association of CAV1 rs1997623 C/A variant with pediatric metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Arab children. In the present study, we evaluate whether the CAV1 variant associates with MetS Arab adults as well. The association signal is further examined for ancestry-specific variation by considering cohorts of other ethnicities. Method: The CAV1 rs1997623 was genotyped in three cohorts of Arab (n = 479), South Asian (n = 660), and South East Asian (n = 362) ethnic adults from Kuwait. MetS status of the individuals was diagnosed using the IDF criteria (presence of central obesity and at least two abnormalities out of: elevated TG, low HDL, hypertension, or T2D). The quantitative measure of MetS was calculated as siMS = 2 × WC/Height + FBG/5.6 + TG/1.7 + SBP/130–HDL/1.02 for males or HDL/1.28 for females. Allelic associations with quantitative and dichotomous MetS traits were assessed using linear and logistic regression models adjusted for age and sex. In addition, empirical p-values (Pemp) were generated using max(T) permutation procedure based on 10,000 permutations. Results: The CAV1 variant was significantly associated with MetS status (OR = 1.811 [1.25–2.61]; p-value = 0.0015; Pemp = 0.0013) and with siMS (Effect size = 0.206; p-value = 0.0035; Pemp = 0.0028) in the cohort of Arab individuals. The association was weak and insignificant in the South Asian and South East Asian cohorts (OR = 1.19 and 1.11; p-values = 0.25 and 0.67, respectively). Conclusion: The reported association of CAV1 rs1997623 C/A with MetS in Arab pediatric population is now demonstrated in an adult Arab cohort as well. The weak association signal seen in the Asian cohorts lead us to propose a certain extent of ethnic-specificity in CAV1 rs1997623 association with MetS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Al Madhoun
- Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
- Animal and Imaging Core Facilities, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Prashantha Hebbar
- Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Rasheeba Nizam
- Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Dania Haddad
- Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Motasem Melhem
- Special Services Facility, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Mohamed Abu-Farha
- Special Services Facility, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | | | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
McShane AN, Malinova D. The Ins and Outs of Antigen Uptake in B cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:892169. [PMID: 35572544 PMCID: PMC9097226 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.892169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A review of our current knowledge of B cell antigen uptake mechanisms, the relevance of these processes to pathology, and outstanding questions in the field. Specific antigens induce B cell activation through the B cell receptor (BCR) which initiates downstream signaling and undergoes endocytosis. While extensive research has shed light on the signaling pathways in health and disease, the endocytic mechanisms remain largely uncharacterized. Given the importance of BCR-antigen internalization for antigen presentation in initiating adaptive immune responses and its role in autoimmunity and malignancy, understanding the molecular mechanisms represents critical, and largely untapped, potential therapeutics. In this review, we discuss recent advancements in our understanding of BCR endocytic mechanisms and the role of the actin cytoskeleton and post-translational modifications in regulating BCR uptake. We discuss dysregulated BCR endocytosis in the context of B cell malignancies and autoimmune disorders. Finally, we pose several outstanding mechanistic questions which will critically advance our understanding of the coordination between BCR endocytosis and B cell activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Nathan McShane
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Dessislava Malinova
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Integrated Analysis of Multiple Microarray Studies to Identify Core Gene-Expression Signatures Involved in Tubulointerstitial Injury in Diabetic Nephropathy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:9554658. [PMID: 35592524 PMCID: PMC9113875 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9554658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease in both developed and developing countries. It is lack of specific diagnosis, and the pathogenesis remains unclarified in diabetic nephropathy, following the unsatisfactory effects of existing treatments. Therefore, it is very meaningful to find biomarkers with high specificity and potential targets. Two datasets, GSE30529 and GSE47184 from GEO based on diabetic nephropathy tubular samples, were downloaded and merged after batch effect removal. A total of 545 different expression genes screened with
were weighted gene coexpression correlation network analysis, and green module and blue module were identified. The results of KEGG analyses both in green module and GSEA analysis showed the same two enriched pathway, focal adhesion and viral myocarditis. Based on the intersection among WGCNA focal adhesion/Viral myocarditis, GSEA focal adhesion/viral myocarditis, and PPI network, 17 core genes, ACTN1, CAV1, PRKCB, PDGFRA, COL1A2, COL6A3, RHOA, VWF, FN1, HLA-F, HLA-DPB1, ITGB2, HLA-DRA, HLA-DMA, HLA-DPA1, HLA-B, and HLA-DMB, were identified as potential biomarkers in diabetic tubulointerstitial injury and were further validated externally for expression at GSE99325 and GSE104954 and clinical feature at nephroseq V5 online platform. CMap analysis suggested that two compounds, LY-294002 and bufexamac, may be new insights for therapeutics of diabetic tubulointerstitial injury. Conclusively, it was raised that a series of core genes may be as potential biomarkers for diagnosis and two prospective compounds.
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu L, Zhu S. Computational Methods for Prediction of Human Protein-Phenotype Associations: A Review. PHENOMICS (CHAM, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 1:171-185. [PMID: 36939789 PMCID: PMC9590544 DOI: 10.1007/s43657-021-00019-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Deciphering the relationship between human proteins (genes) and phenotypes is one of the fundamental tasks in phenomics research. The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) builds upon a standardized logical vocabulary to describe the abnormal phenotypes encountered in human diseases and paves the way towards the computational analysis of their genetic causes. To date, many computational methods have been proposed to predict the HPO annotations of proteins. In this paper, we conduct a comprehensive review of the existing approaches to predicting HPO annotations of novel proteins, identifying missing HPO annotations, and prioritizing candidate proteins with respect to a certain HPO term. For each topic, we first give the formalized description of the problem, and then systematically revisit the published literatures highlighting their advantages and disadvantages, followed by the discussion on the challenges and promising future directions. In addition, we point out several potential topics to be worthy of exploration including the selection of negative HPO annotations and detecting HPO misannotations. We believe that this review will provide insight to the researchers in the field of computational phenotype analyses in terms of comprehending and developing novel prediction algorithms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lizhi Liu
- School of Computer Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| | - Shanfeng Zhu
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, 200433 China
- MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
- Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Shanghai, 200433 China
- Shanghai Key Lab of Intelligent Information Processing, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433 China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Khan AA, Bano Y. Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica host-pathogen interactions and their implications in gallbladder cancer. Microb Pathog 2021; 157:105011. [PMID: 34062227 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies have linked chronic typhoid infection with gallbladder carcinoma without completely understood mechanism. This study was performed in order to understand role of Salmonella in gallbladder cancer etiology. METHODS Known Salmonella host-pathogen interactions were screened from database in addition to known gallbladder carcinoma targets. Host-pathogen interaction map of S. enterica was prepared and screened for interactions with gallbladder carcinoma targets. Further functional overrepresentation analysis was performed to understand the role of human targets involved in Salmonella host-pathogen interactions in gallbladder carcinoma. RESULTS Salmonella interact with several human proteins involved in gallbladder carcinoma. MAPK and RAC1 are the most important human proteins based on node degree value among all GBC associated interactors identified in current data search. Functional over-representation analysis reveals that Salmonella can induce adenocarcinoma which constitutes 85% of gallbladder cancer. CONCLUSION Though, the role of MAPK/ERK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is already suggested for Salmonella mediated gallbladder cancer, but current data based approach indicate several new insight for exploration of the role of Salmonella in gallbladder cancer etiology. The results indicate about several other processes including CREB/SP-1 and BSG(CD147) signaling, that must be given consideration for understanding the role of Salmonella in gallbladder cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Arif Khan
- Indian Council of Medical Research-National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, Maharashtra, 411026, India.
| | - Yasmin Bano
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Jiwaji University, Gwalior, MP, 474001, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kuppuswamy D, Chinnakkannu P, Reese C, Hoffman S. The Caveolin-1 Scaffolding Domain Peptide Reverses Aging-Associated Deleterious Changes in Multiple Organs. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2021; 378:1-9. [PMID: 33879542 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.120.000424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a progressive, multifactorial, degenerative process in which deleterious changes occur in the biochemistry and function of organs. We showed that angiotensin II (AngII)-induced pathologies in the heart and kidney of young (3-month-old) mice are suppressed by the caveolin-1 scaffolding domain (CSD) peptide. Because AngII mediates many aging-associated changes, we explored whether CSD could reverse pre-existing pathologies and improve organ function in aged mice. Using 18-month-old mice (similar to 60-year-old humans), we found that >5-fold increases in leakage of serum proteins and >2-fold increases in fibrosis are associated with aging in the heart, kidney, and brain. Because tyrosine phosphorylation of cell junction proteins leads to the loss of microvascular barrier function, we analyzed the activation of the receptor tyrosine kinase PDGFR and the nonreceptor tyrosine kinases c-Src and Pyk2. We observed 5-fold activation of PDGFR and 2- to 3-fold activation of c-Src and Pyk2 in aged mice. Treatment with CSD for 4 weeks reversed these pathologic changes (microvascular leakage, fibrosis, kinase activation) in all organs almost down to the levels in healthy, young mice. In studies of heart function, CSD reduced the aging-associated increase in cardiomyocyte cross-sectional area and enhanced ventricular compliance in that echocardiographic studies demonstrated improved ejection fraction and fractional shortening and reduced isovolumic relation time. These results suggest that versions of CSD may be developed as treatments for aging-associated diseases in human patients based on the concept that CSD inhibits tyrosine kinases, leading to the inhibition of microvascular leakage and associated fibrosis, thereby improving organ function. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The caveolin-1 scaffolding domain (CSD) peptide reverses aging-associated fibrosis, microvascular leakage, and organ dysfunction in the heart, kidneys, and brain via a mechanism that involves the suppression of the activity of multiple tyrosine kinases, suggesting that CSD can be developed as a treatment for a wide range of diseases found primarily in the aged.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dhandapani Kuppuswamy
- Divisions of Cardiology (D.K., P.C.) and Rheumatology (C.R., S.H.), Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Panneerselvam Chinnakkannu
- Divisions of Cardiology (D.K., P.C.) and Rheumatology (C.R., S.H.), Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Charles Reese
- Divisions of Cardiology (D.K., P.C.) and Rheumatology (C.R., S.H.), Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Stanley Hoffman
- Divisions of Cardiology (D.K., P.C.) and Rheumatology (C.R., S.H.), Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, Charleston, South Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Caveolin-1, tetraspanin CD81 and flotillins in lymphocyte cell membrane organization, signaling and immunopathology. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 48:2387-2397. [PMID: 33242069 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The adaptive immune system relies on B and T lymphocytes to ensure a specific and long-lasting protection of an individual from a wide range of potential pathogenic hits. Lymphocytes are highly potent and efficient in eliminating pathogens. However, lymphocyte activation must be tightly regulated to prevent incorrect activity that could result in immunopathologies, such as autoimmune disorders or cancers. Comprehensive insight into the molecular events underlying lymphocyte activation is of enormous importance to better understand the function of the immune system. It provides the basis to design therapeutics to regulate lymphocyte activation in pathological scenarios. Most reported defects in immunopathologies affect the regulation of intracellular signaling pathways. This highlights the importance of these molecules, which control lymphocyte activation and homeostasis impacting lymphocyte tolerance to self, cytokine production and responses to infections. Most evidence for these defects comes from studies of disease models in genetically engineered mice. There is an increasing number of studies focusing on lymphocytes derived from patients which supports these findings. Many indirectly involved proteins are emerging as unexpected regulators of the immune system. In this mini-review, we focus in proteins that regulate plasma membrane (PM) compartmentalization and thereby impact the steady state and the activation of immunoreceptors, namely the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) and the B cell antigen receptor (BCR). Some of these membrane proteins are shown to be involved in immune abnormalities; others, however, are not thoroughly investigated in the context of immune pathogenesis. We aim to highlight them and stimulate future research avenues.
Collapse
|
11
|
Liu T, Li Y, Su H, Zhang H, Jones D, Zhou HJ, Ji W, Min W. Nuclear localization of the tyrosine kinase BMX mediates VEGFR2 expression. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:126-138. [PMID: 31642192 PMCID: PMC6933376 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs) are major contributors to angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis through the binding of VEGF ligands. We have previously shown that the bone marrow tyrosine kinase BMX is critical for inflammatory angiogenesis via its direct transactivation of VEGFR2. In the present study, we show that siRNA-mediated silencing of BMX led to a significant decrease in the total levels of VEGFR2 mRNA and protein, without affecting their stability, in human endothelial cells (ECs). Interestingly, BMX was detected in the nuclei of ECs, and the SH3 domain of BMX was necessary for its nuclear localization. Luciferase assays showed a significant decrease in the Vegfr2 (kdr) gene promoter activity in ECs after BMX silencing, indicating that BMX is necessary for Vegfr2 transcription. In addition, we found that wild-type BMX, but not a catalytic inactive mutant BMX-K445R, promoted Vegfr2 promoter activity and VEGF-induced EC migration and tube sprouting. Mechanistically, we show that the enhancement of Vegfr2 promoter activity by BMX was mediated by Sp1, a transcription factor critical for the Vegfr2 promoter. Loss of BMX significantly reduced Sp1 binding to the Vegfr2 promoter as assayed by chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. Wild-type BMX, but not a kinase-inactive form of BMX, associated with and potentially phosphorylated Sp1. Moreover, a nuclear-targeted BMX (NLS-BMX), but not cytoplasm-localized form (NES-BMX), bound to Sp1 and augmented VEGFR2 expression. In conclusion, we uncovered a novel function of nuclear-localized BMX in regulating VEGFR2 expression and angiogenesis, suggesting that BMX is a therapeutic target for angiogenesis-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Liu
- The Center for Translational MedicineThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Yonghao Li
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Hong Su
- The Center for Translational MedicineThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- Department of Pathology and the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics ProgramYale University School of MedicineNew HavenCTUSA
| | - Dennis Jones
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineBoston University School of MedicineBostonMAUSA
| | - Huanjiao Jenny Zhou
- Department of Pathology and the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics ProgramYale University School of MedicineNew HavenCTUSA
| | - Weidong Ji
- The Center for Translational MedicineThe First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Wang Min
- Department of Pathology and the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics ProgramYale University School of MedicineNew HavenCTUSA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
|
13
|
Vangapandu HV, Chen H, Wierda WG, Keating MJ, Korkut A, Gandhi V. Proteomics profiling identifies induction of caveolin-1 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells by bone marrow stromal cells. Leuk Lymphoma 2017; 59:1427-1438. [PMID: 28971726 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2017.1376747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is an indolent B-cell malignancy in which cells reside in bone marrow, lymph nodes, and peripheral blood, each of which provides a unique microenvironment. Although the levels of certain proteins are reported to induce, changes in the CLL cell proteome in the presence of bone marrow stromal cells have not been elucidated. Reverse-phase protein array analysis of CLL cells before and 24 h after stromal cell interaction revealed changed levels of proteins that regulate cell cycle, gene transcription, and protein translation. The most hit with respect to both the extent of change in expression level and statistical significance was caveolin-1, which was confirmed with immunoblotting. Caveolin-1 mRNA levels were also upregulated in CLL cells after stromal cell interaction. The induction of caveolin-1 levels was rapid and occurred as early as 1 h. Studies to determine the significance of upregulated caveolin-1 levels in CLL lymphocytes are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hima V Vangapandu
- a Department of Experimental Therapeutics , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA.,b MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Huiqin Chen
- c Department of Biostatistics , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - William G Wierda
- d Department of Leukemia , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Michael J Keating
- d Department of Leukemia , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Anil Korkut
- e Department of Bioinformatics and Computer Biology , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Varsha Gandhi
- a Department of Experimental Therapeutics , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA.,b MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences , Houston , TX , USA.,c Department of Biostatistics , The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston , TX , USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Minguet S, Kläsener K, Schaffer AM, Fiala GJ, Osteso-Ibánez T, Raute K, Navarro-Lérida I, Hartl FA, Seidl M, Reth M, Del Pozo MA. Caveolin-1-dependent nanoscale organization of the BCR regulates B cell tolerance. Nat Immunol 2017; 18:1150-1159. [PMID: 28805811 PMCID: PMC5608079 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Caveolin-1 (Cav1) regulates the nanoscale organization and compartmentalization of the plasma membrane. Here we found that Cav1 controlled the distribution of nanoclusters of isotype-specific B cell antigen receptors (BCRs) on the surface of B cells. In mature B cells stimulated with antigen, the immunoglobulin M BCR (IgM-BCR) gained access to lipid domains enriched for GM1 glycolipids, by a process that was dependent on the phosphorylation of Cav1 by the Src family of kinases. Antigen-induced reorganization of nanoclusters of IgM-BCRs and IgD-BCRs regulated BCR signaling in vivo. In immature Cav1-deficient B cells, altered nanoscale organization of IgM-BCRs resulted in a failure of receptor editing and a skewed repertoire of B cells expressing immunoglobulin-μ heavy chains with hallmarks of poly- and auto-reactivity, which ultimately led to autoimmunity in mice. Thus, Cav1 emerges as a cell-intrinsic regulator that prevents B cell-induced autoimmunity by means of its role in plasma-membrane organization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susana Minguet
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biology III, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Centre for Biological Signalling Studies BIOSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Mechanoadaptation &Caveolae Biology Lab, Cell Biology &Physiology Program; Cell &Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Kathrin Kläsener
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biology III, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Centre for Biological Signalling Studies BIOSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Immunology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anna-Maria Schaffer
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biology III, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gina J Fiala
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biology III, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Centre for Biological Signalling Studies BIOSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Teresa Osteso-Ibánez
- Mechanoadaptation &Caveolae Biology Lab, Cell Biology &Physiology Program; Cell &Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Katrin Raute
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biology III, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Centre for Biological Signalling Studies BIOSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Spemann Graduate School for Biology and Medicine (SGBM), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Inmaculada Navarro-Lérida
- Mechanoadaptation &Caveolae Biology Lab, Cell Biology &Physiology Program; Cell &Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Frederike A Hartl
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biology III, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Centre for Biological Signalling Studies BIOSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Seidl
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Institute for Surgical Pathology, University Medical Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Reth
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biology III, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Centre for Biological Signalling Studies BIOSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Immunology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Miguel A Del Pozo
- Mechanoadaptation &Caveolae Biology Lab, Cell Biology &Physiology Program; Cell &Developmental Biology Area, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Li B, Qi S, Sun G, Yang L, Han J, Zhu Y, Xia M. Leptin suppresses adenosine triphosphate-induced impairment of spinal cord astrocytes. J Neurosci Res 2016; 94:924-35. [PMID: 27316329 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes long-term disability and has no clinically effective treatment. After SCI, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) may be released from neuronal cells and astrocytes in large amounts. Our previous studies have shown that the extracellular release of ATP increases the phosphorylation of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2 ) and triggers the rapid release of arachidonic acid (AA) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) via the stimulation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the downstream phosphorylation of extracellular-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2. Leptin, a glycoprotein, induces the activation of the Janus kinase (JAK2)/signal transducers and activators of transcription-3 (Stat3) pathway via the leptin receptor. In this study, we found that 1) prolonged leptin treatment suppressed the ATP-stimulated release of AA and PGE2 from cultured spinal cord astrocytes; 2) leptin elevated the expression of caveolin-1 (Cav-1) via the JAK2/Stat3 signaling pathway; 3) Cav-1 blocked the interaction between Src and EGFR, thereby inhibiting the phosphorylation of EGFR and cPLA2 and attenuating the release of AA or PGE2; 4) pretreatment with leptin decreased ;he level of apoptosis and the release of interleukin-6 from cocultured neurons and astrocytes; and 5) leptin improved the recovery of locomotion in mice after SCI. Our results highlight leptin as a promising therapeutic agent for SCI. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baoman Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Brain Metabolic Diseases, Institute of Metabolic Disease Research and Drug Development, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Qi
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangfeng Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Brain Metabolic Diseases, Institute of Metabolic Disease Research and Drug Development, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jidong Han
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Maosheng Xia
- Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China.,Laboratory of Brain Metabolic Diseases, Institute of Metabolic Disease Research and Drug Development, China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Guendel I, Iordanskiy S, Sampey GC, Van Duyne R, Calvert V, Petricoin E, Saifuddin M, Kehn-Hall K, Kashanchi F. Role of Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors in HIV-1-infected cells. J Neurovirol 2015; 21:257-75. [PMID: 25672887 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-015-0323-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Many cellular cofactors have been documented to be critical for various stages of viral replication. Using high-throughput proteomic assays, we have previously identified Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) as a host protein that was uniquely upregulated in the plasma membrane of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1)-infected T cells. Here, we have further characterized the BTK expression in HIV-1 infection and show that this cellular factor is specifically expressed in infected myeloid cells. Significant upregulation of the phosphorylated form of BTK was observed in infected cells. Using size exclusion chromatography, we found BTK to be virtually absent in the uninfected U937 cells; however, new BTK protein complexes were identified and distributed in both high molecular weight (∼600 kDa) and a small molecular weight complex (∼60-120 kDa) in the infected U1 cells. BTK levels were highest in cells either chronically expressing virus or induced/infected myeloid cells and that BTK translocated to the membrane following induction of the infected cells. BTK knockdown in HIV-1-infected cells using small interfering RNA (siRNA) resulted in selective death of infected, but not uninfected, cells. Using BTK-specific antibody and small-molecule inhibitors including LFM-A13 and a FDA-approved compound, ibrutinib (PCI-32765), we have found that HIV-1-infected cells are sensitive to apoptotic cell death and result in a decrease in virus production. Overall, our data suggests that HIV-1-infected cells are sensitive to treatments targeting BTK expressed in infected cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Guendel
- Department of Systems Biology, National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, 20110, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Corneth OBJ, Klein Wolterink RGJ, Hendriks RW. BTK Signaling in B Cell Differentiation and Autoimmunity. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2015; 393:67-105. [PMID: 26341110 DOI: 10.1007/82_2015_478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Since the original identification of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) as the gene defective in the primary immunodeficiency X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) in 1993, our knowledge on the physiological function of BTK has expanded impressively. In this review, we focus on the role of BTK during B cell differentiation in vivo, both in the regulation of expansion and in the developmental progression of pre-B cells in the bone marrow and as a crucial signal transducer of signals downstream of the IgM or IgG B cell antigen receptor (BCR) in mature B cells governing proliferation, survival, and differentiation. In particular, we highlight BTK function in B cells in the context of host defense and autoimmunity. Small-molecule inhibitors of BTK have very recently shown impressive anti-tumor activity in clinical studies in patients with various B cell malignancies. Since promising effects of BTK inhibition were also seen in experimental animal models for lupus and rheumatoid arthritis, BTK may be a good target for controlling autoreactive B cells in patients with systemic autoimmune disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Odilia B J Corneth
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Room Ee2251a, PO Box 2040, NL 3000, CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roel G J Klein Wolterink
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Room Ee2251a, PO Box 2040, NL 3000, CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rudi W Hendriks
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Room Ee2251a, PO Box 2040, NL 3000, CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Akinleye A, Chen Y, Mukhi N, Song Y, Liu D. Ibrutinib and novel BTK inhibitors in clinical development. J Hematol Oncol 2013; 6:59. [PMID: 23958373 PMCID: PMC3751776 DOI: 10.1186/1756-8722-6-59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Small molecule inhibitors targeting dysregulated pathways (RAS/RAF/MEK, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, JAK/STAT) have significantly improved clinical outcomes in cancer patients. Recently Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK), a crucial terminal kinase enzyme in the B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) signaling pathway, has emerged as an attractive target for therapeutic intervention in human malignancies and autoimmune disorders. Ibrutinib, a novel first-in-human BTK-inhibitor, has demonstrated clinical effectiveness and tolerability in early clinical trials and has progressed into phase III trials. However, additional research is necessary to identify the optimal dosing schedule, as well as patients most likely to benefit from BTK inhibition. This review summarizes preclinical and clinical development of ibrutinib and other novel BTK inhibitors (GDC-0834, CGI-560, CGI-1746, HM-71224, CC-292, and ONO-4059, CNX-774, LFM-A13) in the treatment of B-cell malignancies and autoimmune disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akintunde Akinleye
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York 10595, USA
| | - Yamei Chen
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York 10595, USA
- Department of Hematology, Xiamen Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Nikhil Mukhi
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York 10595, USA
| | - Yongping Song
- Institute of Hematology, Zhengzhou University Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Delong Liu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York 10595, USA
- Institute of Hematology, Zhengzhou University Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Dual phosphorylation of Btk by Akt/protein kinase b provides docking for 14-3-3ζ, regulates shuttling, and attenuates both tonic and induced signaling in B cells. Mol Cell Biol 2013; 33:3214-26. [PMID: 23754751 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00247-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) is crucial for B-lymphocyte activation and development. Mutations in the Btk gene cause X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) in humans and X-linked immunodeficiency (Xid) in mice. Using tandem mass spectrometry, 14-3-3ζ was identified as a new binding partner and negative regulator of Btk in both B-cell lines and primary B lymphocytes. The activated serine/threonine kinase Akt/protein kinase B (PKB) phosphorylated Btk on two sites prior to 14-3-3ζ binding. The interaction sites were mapped to phosphoserine pS51 in the pleckstrin homology domain and phosphothreonine pT495 in the kinase domain. The double-alanine, S51A/T495A, replacement mutant failed to bind 14-3-3ζ, while phosphomimetic aspartate substitutions, S51D/T495D, caused enhanced interaction. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) inhibitor LY294002 abrogated S51/T495 phosphorylation and binding. A newly characterized 14-3-3 inhibitor, BV02, reduced binding, as did the Btk inhibitor PCI-32765 (ibrutinib). Interestingly, in the presence of BV02, phosphorylation of Btk, phospholipase Cγ2, and NF-κB increased strongly, suggesting that 14-3-3 also regulates B-cell receptor (BCR)-mediated tonic signaling. Furthermore, downregulation of 14-3-3ζ elevated nuclear translocation of Btk. The loss-of-function mutant S51A/T495A showed reduced tyrosine phosphorylation and ubiquitination. Conversely, the gain-of-function mutant S51D/T495D exhibited intense tyrosine phosphorylation, associated with Btk ubiquitination and degradation, likely contributing to the termination of BCR signaling. Collectively, this suggests that Btk could become an important new candidate for the general study of 14-3-3-mediated regulation.
Collapse
|
20
|
Feng H, Guo W, Han J, Li XA. Role of caveolin-1 and caveolae signaling in endotoxemia and sepsis. Life Sci 2013; 93:1-6. [PMID: 23727353 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Revised: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Caveolae, plasma membrane invaginations of 60-80nm in diameter, are a subset of lipid rafts enriched in cholesterol and sphingolipids. Caveolae are expressed in various tissues and cell types, such as endothelial cells, macrophages, neutrophils and adipocytes. The functions of caveolae are diverse and include endocytosis, transcytosis, potocytosis, calcium signaling, and regulation of various signaling events. Although growing evidence has increased our understanding of caveolae function, the role of caveolae in sepsis is still a controversial issue. In this review, we present a number of studies addressing caveolae and sepsis and describe the signaling pathways involved, including the LPS-eNOS-TLR4-NFκB, MKK3/p38 MAPK, cPLA2/p38 MAPK, STAT3/NFκB and IL-1β-IL-1R1 pathways. Different studies using endotoxemia and bacteremia animal models have provided distinct conclusions about the function of caveolae, and we discuss these inconsistencies. Taken together, the current data suggest that the function of caveolae in sepsis, which involves a number of signaling pathways, is complex and warrants further studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Feng
- Department of Tumor Research and Therapy Center, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Wen Guo
- Taian Central Hospital, Taian, Shandong 271000, China
| | - Junqing Han
- Department of Tumor Research and Therapy Center, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China
| | - Xiang-An Li
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Collins BM, Davis MJ, Hancock JF, Parton RG. Structure-based reassessment of the caveolin signaling model: do caveolae regulate signaling through caveolin-protein interactions? Dev Cell 2012; 23:11-20. [PMID: 22814599 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2012.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Caveolin proteins drive formation of caveolae, specialized cell-surface microdomains that influence cell signaling. Signaling proteins are proposed to use conserved caveolin-binding motifs (CBMs) to associate with caveolae via the caveolin scaffolding domain (CSD). However, structural and bioinformatic analyses argue against such direct physical interactions: in the majority of signaling proteins, the CBM is buried and inaccessible. Putative CBMs do not form a common structure for caveolin recognition, are not enriched among caveolin-binding proteins, and are even more common in yeast, which lack caveolae. We propose that CBM/CSD-dependent interactions are unlikely to mediate caveolar signaling, and the basis for signaling effects should therefore be reassessed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brett M Collins
- The Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Byrne DP, Dart C, Rigden DJ. Evaluating caveolin interactions: do proteins interact with the caveolin scaffolding domain through a widespread aromatic residue-rich motif? PLoS One 2012; 7:e44879. [PMID: 23028656 PMCID: PMC3444507 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Caveolins are coat proteins of caveolae, small flask-shaped pits of the plasma membranes of most cells. Aside from roles in caveolae formation, caveolins recruit, retain and regulate many caveolae-associated signalling molecules. Caveolin-protein interactions are commonly considered to occur between a ∼20 amino acid region within caveolin, the caveolin scaffolding domain (CSD), and an aromatic-rich caveolin binding motif (CBM) on the binding partner (фXфXXXXф, фXXXXфXXф or фXфXXXXфXXф, where ф is an aromatic and X an unspecified amino acid). The CBM resembles a typical linear motif - a short, simple sequence independently evolved many times in different proteins for a specific function. Here we exploit recent improvements in bioinformatics tools and in our understanding of linear motifs to critically examine the role of CBMs in caveolin interactions. We find that sequences conforming to the CBM occur in 30% of human proteins, but find no evidence for their statistical enrichment in the caveolin interactome. Furthermore, sequence- and structure-based considerations suggest that CBMs do not have characteristics commonly associated with true interaction motifs. Analysis of the relative solvent accessible area of putative CBMs shows that the majority of their aromatic residues are buried within the protein and are thus unlikely to interact directly with caveolin, but may instead be important for protein structural stability. Together, these findings suggest that the canonical CBM may not be a common characteristic of caveolin-target interactions and that interfaces between caveolin and targets may be more structurally diverse than presently appreciated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominic P. Byrne
- Institute of Integrative Biology, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline Dart
- Institute of Integrative Biology, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel J. Rigden
- Institute of Integrative Biology, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ji W, Li Y, Wan T, Wang J, Zhang H, Chen H, Min W. Both internalization and AIP1 association are required for tumor necrosis factor receptor 2-mediated JNK signaling. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012; 32:2271-9. [PMID: 22743059 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.112.253666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The proinflammtory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF), primarily via TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1), induces nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)-dependent cell survival, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and caspase-dependent cell death, regulating vascular endothelial cell (EC) activation and apoptosis. However, signaling by the second receptor, TNFR2, is poorly understood. The goal of this study was to dissect how TNFR2 mediates NF-κB and JNK signaling in vascular EC, and its relevance to in vivo EC function. METHODS AND RESULTS We show that TNFR2 contributes to TNF-induced NF-κB and JNK signaling in EC as TNFR2 deletion or knockdown reduces the TNF responses. To dissect the critical domains of TNFR2 that mediate the TNF responses, we examine the activity of TNFR2 mutant with a specific deletion of the TNFR2 intracellular region, which contains conserved domain I, domain II, domain III, and 2 TNFR-associated factor-2-binding sites. Deletion analyses indicate that different sequences on TNFR2 have distinct roles in NF-κB and JNK activation. Specifically, deletion of the TNFR-associated factor-2-binding sites (TNFR2-59) diminishes the TNFR2-mediated NF-κB, but not JNK activation; whereas, deletion of domain II or domain III blunts TNFR2-mediated JNK but not NF-κB activation. Interestingly, we find that the TNFR-associated factor-2-binding sites ensure TNFR2 on the plasma membrane, but the di-leucine LL motif within the domain II and aa338-355 within the domain III are required for TNFR2 internalization as well as TNFR2-dependent JNK signaling. Moreover, domain III of TNFR2 is responsible for association with ASK1-interacting protein-1, a signaling adaptor critical for TNF-induced JNK signaling. While TNFR2 containing the TNFR-associated factor-2-binding sites prevents EC cell death, a specific activation of JNK without NF-κB activation by TNFR2-59 strongly induces caspase activation and EC apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Our data reveal that both internalization and ASK1-interacting protein-1 association are required for TNFR2-dependent JNK and apoptotic signaling. Controlling TNFR2-mediated JNK and apoptotic signaling in EC may provide a novel strategy for the treatment of vascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Ji
- Interdepartmental Program in Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Yale University School of Medicine, 10 Amistad St., 401B, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Caveolin-1 suppresses human immunodeficiency virus-1 replication by inhibiting acetylation of NF-κB. Virology 2012; 432:110-9. [PMID: 22748181 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2012.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Revised: 03/24/2012] [Accepted: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Caveolin-1 is an integral membrane protein primarily responsible for the formation of membrane structures known as caveolae. Caveolae are specialized lipid rafts involved in protein trafficking, cholesterol homeostasis, and a number of signaling functions. It has been demonstrated that caveolin-1 suppresses HIV-1 protein expression. We found that co-transfecting cells with HIV-1 and caveolin-1 constructs, results in a marked decrease in the level of HIV-1 transcription relative to cells transfected with HIV-1 DNA alone. Correspondingly, reduction of endogenous caveolin-1 expression by siRNA-mediated silencing resulted in an enhancement of HIV-1 replication. Further, we observed a loss of caveolin-mediated suppression of HIV-1 transcription in promoter studies with reporters containing mutations in the NF-κB binding site. Our analysis of the posttranslational modification status of the p65 subunit of NF-κB demonstrates hypoacetylation of p65 in the presence of caveolin-1. Since hypoacetylated p65 has been shown to inhibit transcription, we conclude that caveolin-1 inhibits HIV-1 transcription through a NF-κB-dependent mechanism.
Collapse
|
25
|
Btk levels set the threshold for B-cell activation and negative selection of autoreactive B cells in mice. Blood 2012; 119:3744-56. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-12-397919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
On antigen binding by the B-cell receptor (BCR), B cells up-regulate protein expression of the key downstream signaling molecule Bruton tyrosine kinase (Btk), but the effects of Btk up-regulation on B-cell function are unknown. Here, we show that transgenic mice overexpressing Btk specifically in B cells spontaneously formed germinal centers and manifested increased plasma cell numbers, leading to antinuclear autoantibody production and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)–like autoimmune pathology affecting kidneys, lungs, and salivary glands. Autoimmunity was fully dependent on Btk kinase activity, because Btk inhibitor treatment (PCI-32765) could normalize B-cell activation and differentiation, and because autoantibodies were absent in Btk transgenic mice overexpressing a kinase inactive Btk mutant. B cells overexpressing wild-type Btk were selectively hyperresponsive to BCR stimulation and showed enhanced Ca2+ influx, nuclear factor (NF)–κB activation, resistance to Fas-mediated apoptosis, and defective elimination of selfreactive B cells in vivo. These findings unravel a crucial role for Btk in setting the threshold for B-cell activation and counterselection of autoreactive B cells, making Btk an attractive therapeutic target in systemic autoimmune disease such as SLE. The finding of in vivo pathology associated with Btk overexpression may have important implications for the development of gene therapy strategies for X-linked agammaglobulinemia, the immunodeficiency associated with mutations in BTK.
Collapse
|
26
|
Tomassian T, Humphries LA, Liu SD, Silva O, Brooks DG, Miceli MC. Caveolin-1 orchestrates TCR synaptic polarity, signal specificity, and function in CD8 T cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 187:2993-3002. [PMID: 21849673 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1101447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
TCR engagement triggers the polarized recruitment of membrane, actin, and transducer assemblies within the T cell-APC contact that amplify and specify signaling cascades and T effector activity. We report that caveolin-1, a scaffold that regulates polarity and signaling in nonlymphoid cells, is required for optimal TCR-induced actin polymerization, synaptic membrane raft polarity, and function in CD8, but not CD4, T cells. In CD8(+) T cells, caveolin-1 ablation selectively impaired TCR-induced NFAT-dependent NFATc1 and cytokine gene expression, whereas caveolin-1 re-expression promoted NFATc1 gene expression. Alternatively, caveolin-1 ablation did not affect TCR-induced NF-κB-dependent Iκbα expression. Cav-1(-/-) mice did not efficiently promote CD8 immunity to lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, nor did cav-1(-/-) OT-1(+) CD8(+) T cells efficiently respond to Listeria monocytogenes-OVA after transfer into wild-type hosts. Therefore, caveolin-1 is a T cell-intrinsic orchestrator of TCR-mediated membrane polarity and signal specificity selectively employed by CD8 T cells to customize TCR responsiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Tomassian
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine and College of Letters and Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Mohamed AJ, Yu L, Bäckesjö CM, Vargas L, Faryal R, Aints A, Christensson B, Berglöf A, Vihinen M, Nore BF, Smith CIE. Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk): function, regulation, and transformation with special emphasis on the PH domain. Immunol Rev 2009; 228:58-73. [PMID: 19290921 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2008.00741.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 358] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Bruton's agammaglobulinemia tyrosine kinase (Btk) is a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase important in B-lymphocyte development, differentiation, and signaling. Btk is a member of the Tec family of kinases. Mutations in the Btk gene lead to X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) in humans and X-linked immunodeficiency (Xid) in mice. Activation of Btk triggers a cascade of signaling events that culminates in the generation of calcium mobilization and fluxes, cytoskeletal rearrangements, and transcriptional regulation involving nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT). In B cells, NF-kappaB was shown to bind to the Btk promoter and induce transcription, whereas the B-cell receptor-dependent NF-kappaB signaling pathway requires functional Btk. Moreover, Btk activation is tightly regulated by a plethora of other signaling proteins including protein kinase C (PKC), Sab/SH3BP5, and caveolin-1. For example, the prolyl isomerase Pin1 negatively regulates Btk by decreasing tyrosine phosphorylation and steady state levels of Btk. It is intriguing that PKC and Pin1, both of which are negative regulators, bind to the pleckstrin homology domain of Btk. To this end, we describe here novel mutations in the pleckstrin homology domain investigated for their transforming capacity. In particular, we show that the mutant D43R behaves similar to E41K, already known to possess such activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdalla J Mohamed
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Mitchell-Jordan SA, Holopainen T, Ren S, Wang S, Warburton S, Zhang MJ, Alitalo K, Wang Y, Vondriska TM. Loss of Bmx nonreceptor tyrosine kinase prevents pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Circ Res 2008; 103:1359-62. [PMID: 18988895 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.108.186577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bmx nonreceptor tyrosine kinase has an established role in endothelial and lymphocyte signaling; however, its role in the heart is unknown. To determine whether Bmx participates in cardiac growth, we subjected mice deficient in the molecule (Bmx knockout mice) to transverse aortic constriction (TAC). In comparison with wild-type mice, which progressively developed massive hypertrophy following TAC, Bmx knockout mice were resistant to TAC-induced cardiac growth at the organ and cell level. Loss of Bmx preserved cardiac ejection fraction and decreased mortality following TAC. These findings are the first to demonstrate a necessary role for the Tec family of tyrosine kinases in the heart and reveal a novel regulator (Bmx) of pressure overload-induced hypertrophic growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scherise A Mitchell-Jordan
- Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Willey CD, Palanisamy AP, Johnston RK, Mani SK, Shiraishi H, Tuxworth WJ, Zile MR, Balasubramanian S, Kuppuswamy D. STAT3 activation in pressure-overloaded feline myocardium: role for integrins and the tyrosine kinase BMX. Int J Biol Sci 2008; 4:184-99. [PMID: 18612371 PMCID: PMC2443357 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.4.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2008] [Accepted: 06/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth, survival and cytoskeletal rearrangement of cardiomyocytes are critical for cardiac hypertrophy. Signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) activation is an important cardioprotective factor associated with cardiac hypertrophy. Although STAT3 activation has been reported via signaling through Janus Kinase 2 (JAK2) in several cardiac models of hypertrophy, the importance of other nonreceptor tyrosine kinases (NTKs) has not been explored. Utilizing an in vivo feline right ventricular pressure-overload (RVPO) model of hypertrophy, we demonstrate that in 48 h pressure-overload (PO) myocardium, STAT3 becomes phosphorylated and redistributed to detergent-insoluble fractions with no accompanying JAK2 activation. PO also caused increased levels of phosphorylated STAT3 in both cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions. To investigate the role of other NTKs, we used our established in vitro cell culture model of hypertrophy where adult feline cardiomyocytes are embedded three-dimensionally (3D) in type-I collagen and stimulated with an integrin binding peptide containing an Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) motif that we have previously shown to recapitulate the focal adhesion complex (FAC) formation of 48 h RVPO. RGD stimulation of adult cardiomyocytes in vitro caused both STAT3 redistribution and activation that were accompanied by the activation and redistribution of c-Src and the TEC family kinase, BMX, but not JAK2. However, infection with dominant negative c-Src adenovirus was unable to block RGD-stimulated changes on either STAT3 or BMX. Further analysis in vivo in 48 h PO myocardium showed the presence of both STAT3 and BMX in the detergent-insoluble fraction with their complex formation and phosphorylation. Therefore, these studies indicate a novel mechanism of BMX-mediated STAT3 activation within a PO model of cardiac hypertrophy that might contribute to cardiomyocyte growth and survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Willey
- Cardiology Division of the Department of Medicine, Gazes Cardiac Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425-2221, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Tu T, Thotala D, Geng L, Hallahan DE, Willey CD. Bone marrow X kinase-mediated signal transduction in irradiated vascular endothelium. Cancer Res 2008; 68:2861-9. [PMID: 18413754 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-5743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Radiation-induced activation of the phosphatidyl inositol-3 kinase/Akt signal transduction pathway requires Akt binding to phosphatidyl-inositol phosphates (PIP) on the cell membrane. The tyrosine kinase bone marrow X kinase (Bmx) binds to membrane-associated PIPs in a manner similar to Akt. Because Bmx is involved in cell growth and survival pathways, it could contribute to the radiation response within the vascular endothelium. We therefore studied Bmx signaling within the vascular endothelium. Bmx was activated rapidly in response to clinically relevant doses of ionizing radiation. Bmx inhibition enhanced the efficacy of radiotherapy in endothelial cells as well as tumor vascular endothelium in lung cancer tumors in mice. Retroviral shRNA knockdown of Bmx protein enhanced human umbilical vascular endothelial cell (HUVEC) radiosensitization. Furthermore, pretreatment of HUVEC with a pharmacologic inhibitor of Bmx, LFM-A13, produced significant radiosensitization of endothelial cells as measured by clonogenic survival analysis and apoptosis as well as functional assays including cell migration and tubule formation. In vivo, LFM-A13, when combined with radiation, resulted in significant tumor microvascular destruction as well as enhanced tumor growth delay. Bmx therefore represents a molecular target for the development of novel radiosensitizing agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianxiang Tu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-5671, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Proteasome-dependent autoregulation of Bruton tyrosine kinase (Btk) promoter via NF-kappaB. Blood 2008; 111:4617-26. [PMID: 18292289 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2007-10-121137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bruton tyrosine kinase (Btk) is critical for B-cell development. Btk regulates a plethora of signaling proteins, among them nuclear factor-[kappa]B (NF-kappaB). Activation of NF-kappaB is a hallmark of B cells, and NF-kappaB signaling is severely compromised in Btk deficiency. We here present strong evidence indicating that NF-kappaB is required for efficient transcription of the Btk gene. First, we found that proteasome blockers and inhibitors of NF-kappaB signaling suppress Btk transcription and intracellular expression. Similar to Btk, proteasome inhibitors also reduced the expression of other members of this family of kinases, Itk, Bmx, and Tec. Second, 2 functional NF-kappaB-binding sites were found in the Btk promoter. Moreover, in live mice, by hydrodynamic transfection, we show that bortezomib (a blocker of proteasomes and NF-kappaB signaling), as well as NF-kappaB binding sequence-oligonucleotide decoys block Btk transcription. We also demonstrate that Btk induces NF-kappaB activity in mice. Collectively, we show that Btk uses a positive autoregulatory feedback mechanism to stimulate transcription from its own promoter via NF-kappaB.
Collapse
|
32
|
Jiang X, Borgesi RA, McKnight NC, Kaur R, Carpenter CL, Balk SP. Activation of nonreceptor tyrosine kinase Bmx/Etk mediated by phosphoinositide 3-kinase, epidermal growth factor receptor, and ErbB3 in prostate cancer cells. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:32689-98. [PMID: 17823122 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m703412200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathways activated downstream of constitutively active phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase in PTEN-deficient prostate cancer (PCa) cells are possible therapeutic targets. We found that the nonreceptor Tec family tyrosine kinase Bmx/Etk was activated by tyrosine phosphorylation downstream of Src and PI 3-kinase in PTEN-deficient LNCaP and PC3 PCa cells and that Bmx down-regulation by short interfering RNA markedly inhibited LNCaP cell growth. Bmx also associated with ErbB3 in LNCaP cells, and heregulin-beta1 enhanced this interaction and further stimulated Bmx activity. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) similarly stimulated an interaction between Bmx and EGF receptor and rapidly increased Bmx kinase activity. Bmx stimulation in response to heregulin-beta1 and EGF was Src-dependent, and heregulin-beta1 stimulation of Bmx was also PI 3-kinase-dependent. In contrast, the rapid tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of Bmx in response to EGF was PI 3-kinase-independent. Taken together, these results demonstrate that Bmx is a critical downstream target of the constitutively active PI 3-kinase in PTEN-deficient PCa cells and further show that Bmx is recruited by the EGF receptor and ErbB3 and activated in response to their respective ligands. Therefore, Bmx may be a valuable therapeutic target in PCa and other epithelial malignancies in which PI 3-kinase or EGF receptor family pathways are activated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinnong Jiang
- Cancer Biology Program, Hematology-Oncology Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Hasan M, Lopez-Herrera G, Blomberg KEM, Lindvall JM, Berglöf A, Smith CIE, Vargas L. Defective Toll-like receptor 9-mediated cytokine production in B cells from Bruton's tyrosine kinase-deficient mice. Immunology 2007; 123:239-49. [PMID: 17725607 PMCID: PMC2433303 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2007.02693.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk), a member of the Tec family of tyrosine kinases, plays an important role in the differentiation and activation of B cells. Mutations affecting Btk cause immunodeficiency in both humans and mice. In this study we set out to investigate the potential role of Btk in Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) activation and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-6, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and IL-12p40. Our data show that Btk-deficient B cells respond more efficiently to CpG-DNA stimulation, producing significantly higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines but lower levels of the inhibitory cytokine IL-10. The quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis presented in this work shows that mRNA production of one of the important new members of the IL-12 family, IL-27, was significantly increased in Btk-deficient B cells after CpG-DNA stimulation. In this study, we demonstrate significant differences in CpG responsiveness between transitional 1 (T1) and T2 B cells for survival and maturation. Furthermore, TLR9 expression, measured both as protein and as mRNA, was increased in Btk-defective cells, especially after TLR9 stimulation. Collectively, these data provide evidence in support of the theory that Btk regulates both TLR9 activation and expression in mouse splenic B cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maroof Hasan
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University HospitalStockholm, Sweden
| | - Gabriela Lopez-Herrera
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University HospitalStockholm, Sweden
- Molecular Biomedicine Department at Center for Research and Advanced Studies, National Institute of TechnologyMexico City, Mexico
| | - K Emelie M Blomberg
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University HospitalStockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Anna Berglöf
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University HospitalStockholm, Sweden
| | - C I Edvard Smith
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University HospitalStockholm, Sweden
| | - Leonardo Vargas
- Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University HospitalStockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
The Tec family of tyrosine kinases consists of five members (Itk, Rlk, Tec, Btk, and Bmx) that are expressed predominantly in hematopoietic cells. The exceptions, Tec and Bmx, are also found in endothelial cells. Tec kinases constitute the second largest family of cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinases. While B cells express Btk and Tec, and T cells express Itk, Rlk, and Tec, all four of these kinases (Btk, Itk, Rlk, and Tec) can be detected in mast cells. This chapter will focus on the biochemical and cell biological data that have been accumulated regarding Itk, Rlk, Btk, and Tec. In particular, distinctions between the different Tec kinase family members will be highlighted, with a goal of providing insight into the unique functions of each kinase. The known functions of Tec kinases in T cell and mast cell signaling will then be described, with a particular focus on T cell receptor and mast cell Fc epsilon RI signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Felices
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Garçon F, Nunès JA. Travel informations on the Tec kinases during lymphocyte activation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2006; 584:15-27. [PMID: 16802596 DOI: 10.1007/0-387-34132-3_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Garçon
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB2 4AT, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Lindvall JM, Blomberg KEM, Berglöf A, Smith CIE. Distinct gene expression signature in Btk-defective T1 B-cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 346:461-9. [PMID: 16764821 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.05.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2006] [Accepted: 05/19/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) is a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase important for B-lymphocyte maturation. Mutations in Btk give rise to the primary immunodeficiency disease X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) in man and X-linked immunodeficiency (Xid) in mice. Recent studies have subdivided the mouse immature, or transitional, B-cells into two distinct subsets according to their respective surface markers. Transitional type 1 (T1) and transitional type 2 (T2) cells are also located in distinct anatomic locations. Based on a limited number of markers it has previously been reported that the earliest phenotypic sign of Btk deficiency is manifested at the T2 stage in mice. Here, we report on distinct genome-wide transcriptomic signature differences found in T1 B-lymphocytes from Btk-defective compared to normal mice and demonstrate that Btk deficiency is visible already at this stage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Lindvall
- Clinical Research Center, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Chun J, Hyun S, Kwon T, Lee EJ, Hong SK, Kang SS. The subcellular localization control of integrin linked kinase 1 through its protein–protein interaction with caveolin-1. Cell Signal 2005; 17:751-60. [PMID: 15722199 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2004.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2004] [Revised: 10/23/2004] [Accepted: 10/26/2004] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Integrin linked kinase 1 (ILK1), a member of the serine/threonine kinases, has been shown to be crucial for the cell survival, differentiation, and Wnt signaling. Firstly, by using a confocal microscopy and a transfection approach, we obtained the evidence that ILK1 interacts physically with caveolin-1, a 22-kDa integral membrane protein, which is the principal structural and regulatory component of caveolae membranes. By ILK1 deletion mutant analysis, we characterized the caveolin-1-binding domain in the kinase domain of ILK1. In addition, we found that native ILK1 is associated with endogenous caveolin-1 in COS-1 cells. Secondly, transient transfection assays showed that a reduction in caveolin-1 binding leads to a substantial increase in the serine/threonine phosphorylation of ILK1. Thirdly, caveolin-1 and its scaffolding peptide (amino acids 82-101) functionally suppressed the auto-kinase activity of purified recombinant ILK1 protein. Fourthly, the association of ILK1 with caveolin-1 regulated its cytoplasmic retention; if it was not associated with caveolin-1, it was transported to the nucleus. Fifthly, we also noticed the putative nuclear localization sequences (nls) in ILK1 near the caveolin-1-binding domain. Thus, our data indicate that caveolin-1 regulates ILK1 auto-phosphorylation activity and its subcellular localization via a specific protein-protein interaction through blocking the exposure of its putative nls motif.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaesun Chun
- School of Science Education and Bio-Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Gaeshin-dong, Heungdok-gu, Chongju, Chungbuk 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Chun J, Kwon T, Lee EJ, Hyun S, Hong SK, Kang SS. The subcellular localization of 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase is controlled by caveolin-1 binding. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2005; 326:136-46. [PMID: 15567163 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.10.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
3-Phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1), a member of the serine/threonine kinase family, has been demonstrated to be crucial for cellular survival, differentiation, and metabolism. Here, we present evidence that PDK1 is associated with caveolin-1, a 22-kDa integral membrane protein, which is the principal structural and regulatory component of the caveolae membranes in COS-1. First, we noted the presence of two potential caveolin-1 binding motifs ((141)FFVKLYFTF(149) and (299)YDFPEKFF(306)) in the PDK1 catalytic domain. Using a pull-down approach, we observed that PDK1 interacts physically with caveolin-1 both in vivo and in vitro. Second, we detected the co-localization of PDK1 and caveolin-1 via confocal microscopy. The localization of PDK1 to the plasma membrane was disrupted by caveolin binding. Third, in transient transfection assays, interaction with caveolin-1 induced a substantial reduction in the in vivo serine/threonine phosphorylation of PDK1, whereas the caveolin-1 binding site mutant ((141)FFVKLYFTF(149) and (299)YDFPEKFF(306) change to (141)AFVKLAFTA(149) and (299)ADAPEFLA(306)) did not. Furthermore, a caveolin-1 scaffolding peptide (amino acids 82-101) functionally suppressed the self-phosphorylation and kinase activities of purified recombinant PDK1 protein. Thus, our observations indicated that PDK1 binds to caveolin-1 through its caveolin-binding motifs, and also that the protein-protein interaction between PDK1 and caveolin-1 regulates PDK1 self-phosphorylation, kinase activity, and subcellular localization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaesun Chun
- School of Science Education, Chungbuk National University, Chongju 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Lindvall JM, Blomberg KEM, Väliaho J, Vargas L, Heinonen JE, Berglöf A, Mohamed AJ, Nore BF, Vihinen M, Smith CIE. Bruton's tyrosine kinase: cell biology, sequence conservation, mutation spectrum, siRNA modifications, and expression profiling. Immunol Rev 2005; 203:200-15. [PMID: 15661031 DOI: 10.1111/j.0105-2896.2005.00225.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) is encoded by the gene that when mutated causes the primary immunodeficiency disease X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) in humans and X-linked immunodeficiency (Xid) in mice. Btk is a member of the Tec family of protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) and plays a vital, but diverse, modulatory role in many cellular processes. Mutations affecting Btk block B-lymphocyte development. Btk is conserved among species, and in this review, we present the sequence of the full-length rat Btk and find it to be analogous to the mouse Btk sequence. We have also analyzed the wealth of information compiled in the mutation database for XLA (BTKbase), representing 554 unique molecular events in 823 families and demonstrate that only selected amino acids are sensitive to replacement (P < 0.001). Although genotype-phenotype correlations have not been established in XLA, based on these findings, we hypothesize that this relationship indeed exists. Using short interfering-RNA technology, we have previously generated active constructs downregulating Btk expression. However, application of recently established guidelines to enhance or decrease the activity was not successful, demonstrating the importance of the primary sequence. We also review the outcome of expression profiling, comparing B lymphocytes from XLA-, Xid-, and Btk-knockout (KO) donors to healthy controls. Finally, in spite of a few genes differing in expression between Xid- and Btk-KO mice, in vivo competition between cells expressing either mutation shows that there is no selective survival advantage of cells carrying one genetic defect over the other. We conclusively demonstrate that for the R28C-missense mutant (Xid), there is no biologically relevant residual activity or any dominant negative effect versus other proteins.
Collapse
|
40
|
Su TT, Guo B, Wei B, Braun J, Rawlings DJ. Signaling in transitional type 2 B cells is critical for peripheral B-cell development. Immunol Rev 2004; 197:161-78. [PMID: 14962194 DOI: 10.1111/j.0105-2896.2004.0102.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Splenic peripheral B-cell development and the events regulating this functionally significant but relatively poorly defined developmental process have become a major focus in recent studies in B-cell immunology. Following the exit from the bone marrow, peripheral B cells develop through transitional type 1 (T1) and transitional type 2 (T2) B-cell stages. Emerging data suggest that the T2 subset is the immediate precursor of the mature B-cell populations present in the spleen. In this review, we first elaborate on the evidence describing the unique properties of CD21hiCD24hiCD23hiIgMhiIgDhi T2 B cells. T2 cells uniquely activate a proliferative, pro-survival, and differentiation program in response to B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) engagement. The potential mechanisms leading to the differential BCR responsiveness of T1 versus T2 B cells are discussed. We also review evidence that distinguishes key BCR-dependent signaling pathways operative in T2 and mature B cells. These signaling cascades include a protein kinase Cbeta (PKCbeta)-dependent cell-survival pathway and a second PKCbeta-independent pathway essential for BCR-driven differentiation. Finally, we discuss recent intriguing results suggesting that the type of signal(s) encountered by T2 cells leads to their differential maturation toward the follicular mature versus marginal zone mature B-cell populations. These combined observations suggest important implications with regard to B-cell selection and tolerance, potential novel therapeutic targets for B-cell lymphomas, and how the intricate balance of commensal organisms and other microenvironmental signals interact to promote the generation of 'innate-like' versus adaptive effector B-cell populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas T Su
- The Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Márquez JA, Smith CIE, Petoukhov MV, Lo Surdo P, Mattsson PT, Knekt M, Westlund A, Scheffzek K, Saraste M, Svergun DI. Conformation of full-length Bruton tyrosine kinase (Btk) from synchrotron X-ray solution scattering. EMBO J 2003; 22:4616-24. [PMID: 12970174 PMCID: PMC212716 DOI: 10.1093/emboj/cdg448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brutons's tyrosine kinase (Btk) is a non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase (nrPTK) essential for the development of B lymphocytes in humans and mice. Like Src and Abl PTKs, Btk contains a conserved cassette formed by SH3, SH2 and protein kinase domains, but differs from them by the presence of an N-terminal PH domain and the Tec homology region. The domain structure of Btk was analysed using X-ray synchrotron radiation scattering in solution. Low resolution shapes of the full-length protein and several deletion mutants determined ab initio from the scattering data indicated a linear arrangement of domains. This arrangement was further confirmed by rigid body modelling using known high resolution structures of individual domains. The final model of Btk displays an extended conformation with no, or little, inter-domain interactions. In agreement with these results, deletion of non-catalytic domains failed to enhance the activity of Btk. Taken together, our results indicate that, contrary to Src and Abl, Btk might not require an assembled conformation for the regulation of its activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José A Márquez
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Grenoble Outstation, 6, rue Jules Horowitz, BP181 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Bäckesjö CM, Vargas L, Superti-Furga G, Smith CI. Phosphorylation of Bruton's tyrosine kinase by c-Abl. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2002; 299:510-5. [PMID: 12445832 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(02)02643-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) is necessary for B-lymphocyte development. Mutation in the gene coding for Btk causes X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) in humans. Similar to Btk, c-Abl is a tyrosine kinase shuttling between the cytoplasm and the nucleus where it is involved in different functions depending on the localization. In this report we describe for the first time that c-Abl and Btk physically interact and that c-Abl can phosphorylate tyrosine 223 in the SH3 domain of Btk. Interestingly, the Btk sequence matched a v-Abl substrate [correction] identified from a randomized peptide library and was also highly related to a number of previously found c-Abl substrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carl Magnus Bäckesjö
- Clinical Research Center, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Heinonen JE, Smith CIE, Nore BF. Silencing of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) using short interfering RNA duplexes (siRNA). FEBS Lett 2002; 527:274-8. [PMID: 12220673 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(02)03206-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Tec family tyrosine kinases, Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk), Itk, Bmx, Tec, and Txk, are multi-domain proteins involved in hematopoietic signaling. Here, we demonstrate that human Btk protein can transiently be depleted using double-stranded short RNA interference (siRNA) oligonucleotides. Imaging and Western blotting analysis demonstrate that Btk expression is down regulated in heterologous systems as well as in hematopoietic lineages, following transfection or microinjection of Btk siRNA duplexes. The induction of histamine release, a pro-inflammatory mediator, in RBL-2H3 mast cells was reduced by 20-25% upon Btk down regulation. Similar, results were obtained when the Btk activity was inhibited using the kinase blocker LFM-A13. These results demonstrate a direct role of Btk for the efficient secretion of histamine in allergic responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juhana E Heinonen
- Clinical Research Center (CRC), KFC-Novum, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge University Hospital, SE-141 86, Huddinge, Sweden
| | | | | |
Collapse
|