1
|
Malin J, Martinez-Ruiz GU, Zhao Y, Shissler SC, Cowan JE, Ding Y, Morales-Sanchez A, Ishikawa M, Lavaert M, Das A, Butcher D, Warner AC, Kallarakal M, Chen J, Kedei N, Kelly M, Brinster LR, Allman D, Bhandoola A. Expression of the transcription factor Klf6 by thymic epithelial cells is required for thymus development. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg8126. [PMID: 37967174 PMCID: PMC10651122 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg8126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Thymic epithelial cells (TEC) control T cell development and play essential roles in establishing self-tolerance. By using Foxn1-Cre-driven ablation of Klf6 gene in TEC, we identified Klf6 as a critical factor in TEC development. Klf6 deficiency resulted in a hypoplastic thymus-evident from fetal stages into adulthood-in which a dramatic increase in the frequency of apoptotic TEC was observed. Among cortical TEC (cTEC), a previously unreported cTEC population expressing the transcription factor Sox10 was relatively expanded. Within medullary TEC (mTEC), mTEC I and Tuft-like mTEC IV were disproportionately decreased. Klf6 deficiency altered chromatin accessibility and affected TEC chromatin configuration. Consistent with these defects, naïve conventional T cells and invariant natural killer T cells were reduced in the spleen. Late stages of T cell receptor-dependent selection of thymocytes were affected, and mice exhibited autoimmunity. Thus, Klf6 has a prosurvival role and affects the development of specific TEC subsets contributing to thymic function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin Malin
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gustavo Ulises Martinez-Ruiz
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Research Division, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
- Children’s Hospital Federico Gomez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yongge Zhao
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Susannah C. Shissler
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer E. Cowan
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, UK
| | - Yi Ding
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Abigail Morales-Sanchez
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Children’s Hospital Federico Gomez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Masaki Ishikawa
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marieke Lavaert
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Arundhoti Das
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Donna Butcher
- Molecular Histopathology Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Andrew C. Warner
- Molecular Histopathology Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Melissa Kallarakal
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jingqiu Chen
- Office of Science and Technology Resources, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- ACROBiosystems, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Noemi Kedei
- Office of Science and Technology Resources, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael Kelly
- Single Cell Analysis Facility, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lauren R. Brinster
- Division of Veterinary Resources, Office of Research Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David Allman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Avinash Bhandoola
- Laboratory of Genome Integrity, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Krüppel-like Factor 6 Suppresses the Progression of Pancreatic Cancer by Upregulating Activating Transcription Factor 3. J Clin Med 2022; 12:jcm12010200. [PMID: 36615000 PMCID: PMC9821328 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12010200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a member of the Krüppel-like factor (KLFs) family, Krüppel-like factor 6 (KLF6) plays a critical role in regulating key cellular functions. Presently, scholars have proved the important role of KLF6 in the tumorigenesis of certain cancers through a large number of experiments. However, gaps still remain in our knowledge of the role of KLF6 in pancreatic cancer (PAAD). Therefore, this paper mainly investigates the role of KLF6 in the progression of pancreatic cancer. METHODS The expression pattern of KLF6 in pancreatic cancer was explored in pancreatic cancer tissues and cell lines. Then, we investigated the prognostic value of KLF6 in pancreatic cancer by immunohistochemical assays. Next, Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) and clone information assays were employed to explore the proliferation of PAAD affected by KLF6. The metastasis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) abilities affected by KLF6 were identified through transwell invasion as well as migration assays and western blots. Finally, the TRRUST tool was used to analyze the potential targeted genes of KLF6. The results were verified by Quantificational Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR), western blot and rescue assays. RESULTS KLF6 expresses lowly in pancreatic cancer compared to corresponding normal tissues and relates to poor survival times. Overexpression of KLF6 inhibits the proliferation, metastasis, and EMT progression in pancreatic cancer cells. Further studies suggest that KLF6 could upregulate ATF3 in PAAD. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that KLF6 can be a useful factor in predicting the prognosis of PAAD patients and that it inhibits the progression of pancreatic cancer by upregulating activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3).
Collapse
|
3
|
Paramore SV, Goodwin K, Nelson CM. How to build an epithelial tree. Phys Biol 2022; 19. [DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/ac9e38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Nature has evolved a variety of mechanisms to build epithelial trees of diverse architectures within different organs and across species. Epithelial trees are elaborated through branch initiation and extension, and their morphogenesis ends with branch termination. Each of these steps of the branching process can be driven by the actions of epithelial cells themselves (epithelial-intrinsic mechanisms) or by the cells of their surrounding tissues (epithelial-extrinsic mechanisms). Here, we describe examples of how these mechanisms drive each stage of branching morphogenesis, drawing primarily from studies of the lung, kidney, salivary gland, mammary gland, and pancreas, all of which contain epithelial trees that form through collective cell behaviors. Much of our understanding of epithelial branching comes from experiments using mice, but we also include examples here from avian and reptilian models. Throughout, we highlight how distinct mechanisms are employed in different organs and species to build epithelial trees. We also highlight how similar morphogenetic motifs are used to carry out conserved developmental programs or repurposed to support novel ones. Understanding the unique strategies used by nature to build branched epithelia from across the tree of life can help to inspire creative solutions to problems in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen K, Li C, Huang S, Chen Y, Zhu X. LncRNA KASRT Serves as a Potential Treatment Target by Regulating SRSF1-Related KLF6 Alternative Splicing and the P21/CCND1 Pathway in Osteosarcoma: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study. Front Oncol 2021; 11:700963. [PMID: 34568030 PMCID: PMC8458968 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.700963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Long non-coding RNA KLF6 alternative splicing regulating transcript (lnc-KASRT) locates within the intronic region of SRSF1, possessing the potential to regulate KLF6 alternative splicing to promote carcinogenicity. Then, the current in vitro and in vivo study aimed to investigate the effect of lnc-KASRT on regulating tumor malignant behaviors, and the implication of its interaction with KLF6 alternative splicing in osteosarcoma. Methods Lnc-KASRT overexpression or knockdown plasmid was transfected into U-2OS and Saos-2 cells. Then, KLF6-SV1 knockdown plasmid with or without lnc-KASRT overexpression plasmid was transfected into these cells for compensative experiments. In vivo, lnc-KASRT overexpression or knockdown Saos-2 cells were injected in mice for tumor xenograft construction. Results Lnc-KASRT expression was increased in most osteosarcoma cell lines compared to control cell line. Lnc-KASRT overexpression promoted cell viability, mobility, and anti-apoptotic marker expression, while reducing apoptosis rate and pro-apoptotic marker expression; meanwhile, it regulated SRSF1, KLF6 alternative splicing (increased KLF6-splice variant 1 (KLF6-SV1), decreased KLF6-wild type (KLF6-WT)), and followed P21/CCND1 pathway in U-2OS/Saos-2 cells. The lnc-KASRT knockdown exhibited opposite trends. Subsequent compensative experiments disclosed that KLF6-SV1 knockdown attenuated most of the tumor-promoting effects of lnc-KASRT overexpression in U-2OS/Saos-2 cells. In vivo experiments further validated that lnc-KASRT enhanced tumor growth and reduced tumor apoptosis; meanwhile, it also increased tumor KLF6-SV1, MMP-1, and MMP-9 expressions but decreased tumor SRSF1 and KLF6-WT expressions in xenograft mice. Conclusion Lnc-KASRT serves as a potential treatment target via regulating SRSF1-related KLF6 alternative splicing and following P21/CCND1 pathway in osteosarcoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuai Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Shanghai Renji Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Krüppel-like factor 6-mediated loss of BCAA catabolism contributes to kidney injury in mice and humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2024414118. [PMID: 34074766 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2024414118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered cellular metabolism in kidney proximal tubule (PT) cells plays a critical role in acute kidney injury (AKI). The transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 6 (KLF6) is rapidly and robustly induced early in the PT after AKI. We found that PT-specific Klf6 knockdown (Klf6 PTKD) is protective against AKI and kidney fibrosis in mice. Combined RNA and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing analysis demonstrated that expression of genes encoding branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) catabolic enzymes was preserved in Klf6 PTKD mice, with KLF6 occupying the promoter region of these genes. Conversely, inducible KLF6 overexpression suppressed expression of BCAA genes and exacerbated kidney injury and fibrosis in mice. In vitro, injured cells overexpressing KLF6 had similar decreases in BCAA catabolic gene expression and were less able to utilize BCAA. Furthermore, knockdown of BCKDHB, which encodes one subunit of the rate-limiting enzyme in BCAA catabolism, resulted in reduced ATP production, while treatment with BCAA catabolism enhancer BT2 increased metabolism. Analysis of kidney function, KLF6, and BCAA gene expression in human chronic kidney disease patients showed significant inverse correlations between KLF6 and both kidney function and BCAA expression. Thus, targeting KLF6-mediated suppression of BCAA catabolism may serve as a key therapeutic target in AKI and kidney fibrosis.
Collapse
|
6
|
Syafruddin SE, Mohtar MA, Wan Mohamad Nazarie WF, Low TY. Two Sides of the Same Coin: The Roles of KLF6 in Physiology and Pathophysiology. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10101378. [PMID: 32998281 PMCID: PMC7601070 DOI: 10.3390/biom10101378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Krüppel-like factors (KLFs) family of proteins control several key biological processes that include proliferation, differentiation, metabolism, apoptosis and inflammation. Dysregulation of KLF functions have been shown to disrupt cellular homeostasis and contribute to disease development. KLF6 is a relevant example; a range of functional and expression assays suggested that the dysregulation of KLF6 contributes to the onset of cancer, inflammation-associated diseases as well as cardiovascular diseases. KLF6 expression is either suppressed or elevated depending on the disease, and this is largely due to alternative splicing events producing KLF6 isoforms with specialised functions. Hence, the aim of this review is to discuss the known aspects of KLF6 biology that covers the gene and protein architecture, gene regulation, post-translational modifications and functions of KLF6 in health and diseases. We put special emphasis on the equivocal roles of its full-length and spliced variants. We also deliberate on the therapeutic strategies of KLF6 and its associated signalling pathways. Finally, we provide compelling basic and clinical questions to enhance the knowledge and research on elucidating the roles of KLF6 in physiological and pathophysiological processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saiful E. Syafruddin
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (M.A.M.); (T.Y.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-3-9145-9040
| | - M. Aiman Mohtar
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (M.A.M.); (T.Y.L.)
| | - Wan Fahmi Wan Mohamad Nazarie
- Biotechnology Programme, Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia;
| | - Teck Yew Low
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (M.A.M.); (T.Y.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sydor S, Manka P, van Buren L, Theurer S, Schwertheim S, Best J, Heegsma J, Saeed A, Vetter D, Schlattjan M, Dittrich A, Fiel MI, Baba HA, Dechêne A, Cubero FJ, Gerken G, Canbay A, Moshage H, Friedman SL, Faber KN, Bechmann LP. Hepatocyte KLF6 expression affects FXR signalling and the clinical course of primary sclerosing cholangitis. Liver Int 2020; 40:2172-2181. [PMID: 32462764 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is characterized by chronic cholestasis and inflammation, which promotes cirrhosis and an increased risk of cholangiocellular carcinoma (CCA). The transcription factor Krueppel-like-factor-6 (KLF6) is a mediator of liver regeneration, steatosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but no data are yet available on its potential role in cholestasis. Here, we aimed to identify the impact of hepatic KLF6 expression on cholestatic liver injury and PSC and identify potential effects on farnesoid-X-receptor (FXR) signalling. METHODS Hepatocellular KLF6 expression was quantified by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in liver biopsies of PSC patients and correlated with serum parameters and clinical outcome. Liver injury was analysed in hepatocyte-specific Klf6-knockout mice following bile duct ligation (BDL). Chromatin-immunoprecipitation-assays (ChIP) and KLF6-overexpressing HepG2 cells were used to analyse the interaction of KLF6 and FXR target genes such as NR0B2. RESULTS Based on IHC, PSC patients could be subdivided into two groups showing either low (<80%) or high (>80%) hepatocellular KLF6 expression. In patients with high KLF6 expression, we observed a superior survival in Kaplan-Meier analysis. Klf6-knockout mice showed reduced hepatic necrosis following BDL when compared to controls. KLF6 suppressed NR0B2 expression in HepG2 cells mediated through binding of KLF6 to the NR0B2 promoter region. CONCLUSION Here, we show an association between KLF6 expression and the clinical course and overall survival in PSC patients. Mechanistically, we identified a direct interaction of KLF6 with the FXR target gene NR0B2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Sydor
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke-University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Paul Manka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lea van Buren
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sarah Theurer
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Suzan Schwertheim
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jan Best
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke-University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Janette Heegsma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ali Saeed
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Diana Vetter
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Schlattjan
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Anna Dittrich
- Department of Systems Biology, Institute of Biology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Maria I Fiel
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hideo A Baba
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Alexander Dechêne
- Nürnberg Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine 6, Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Francisco J Cubero
- Department of Immunology, Opthalmology and ORL, Complutense University School of Medicine, Madrid, Spain.,de Octubre Health Research Institute (imas 12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Guido Gerken
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ali Canbay
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Han Moshage
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Scott L Friedman
- Department of Systems Biology, Institute of Biology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Klaas Nico Faber
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lars P Bechmann
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke-University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Dumayne C, Tarussio D, Sanchez-Archidona AR, Picard A, Basco D, Berney XP, Ibberson M, Thorens B. Klf6 protects β-cells against insulin resistance-induced dedifferentiation. Mol Metab 2020; 35:100958. [PMID: 32244185 PMCID: PMC7093812 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes, development of insulin resistance triggers an increase in pancreatic β-cell insulin secretion capacity and β-cell number. Failure of this compensatory mechanism is caused by a dedifferentiation of β-cells, which leads to insufficient insulin secretion and diabetic hyperglycemia. The β-cell factors that normally protect against dedifferentiation remain poorly defined. Here, through a systems biology approach, we identify the transcription factor Klf6 as a regulator of β-cell adaptation to metabolic stress. METHODS We used a β-cell specific Klf6 knockout mouse model to investigate whether Klf6 may be a potential regulator of β-cell adaptation to a metabolic stress. RESULTS We show that inactivation of Klf6 in β-cells blunts their proliferation induced by the insulin resistance of pregnancy, high-fat high-sucrose feeding, and insulin receptor antagonism. Transcriptomic analysis showed that Klf6 controls the expression of β-cell proliferation genes and, in the presence of insulin resistance, it prevents the down-expression of genes controlling mature β-cell identity and the induction of disallowed genes that impair insulin secretion. Its expression also limits the transdifferentiation of β-cells into α-cells. CONCLUSION Our study identifies a new transcription factor that protects β-cells against dedifferentiation, and which may be targeted to prevent diabetes development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Dumayne
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - David Tarussio
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Ana Rodriguez Sanchez-Archidona
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; Vital-IT, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Alexandre Picard
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Davide Basco
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Xavier Pascal Berney
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Mark Ibberson
- Vital-IT, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Bernard Thorens
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Goodwin K, Mao S, Guyomar T, Miller E, Radisky DC, Košmrlj A, Nelson CM. Smooth muscle differentiation shapes domain branches during mouse lung development. Development 2019; 146:dev.181172. [PMID: 31645357 DOI: 10.1242/dev.181172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
During branching morphogenesis, a simple cluster of cells proliferates and branches to generate an arborized network that facilitates fluid flow. The overall architecture of the mouse lung is established by domain branching, wherein new branches form laterally off the side of an existing branch. The airway epithelium develops concomitantly with a layer of smooth muscle that is derived from the embryonic mesenchyme. Here, we examined the role of smooth muscle differentiation in shaping emerging domain branches. We found that the position and morphology of domain branches are highly stereotyped, as is the pattern of smooth muscle that differentiates around the base of each branch. Perturbing the pattern of smooth muscle differentiation genetically or pharmacologically causes abnormal domain branching. Loss of smooth muscle results in ectopic branching and decreases branch stereotypy. Increased smooth muscle suppresses branch initiation and extension. Computational modeling revealed that epithelial proliferation is insufficient to generate domain branches and that smooth muscle wrapping is required to shape the epithelium into a branch. Our work sheds light on the physical mechanisms of branching morphogenesis in the mouse lung.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharine Goodwin
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Sheng Mao
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Tristan Guyomar
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.,Département de Physique, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Erin Miller
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Derek C Radisky
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Andrej Košmrlj
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Celeste M Nelson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA .,Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Horne SJ, Vasquez JM, Guo Y, Ly V, Piret SE, Leonardo AR, Ling J, Revelo MP, Bogenhagen D, Yang VW, He JC, Mallipattu SK. Podocyte-Specific Loss of Krüppel-Like Factor 6 Increases Mitochondrial Injury in Diabetic Kidney Disease. Diabetes 2018; 67:2420-2433. [PMID: 30115650 PMCID: PMC6198342 DOI: 10.2337/db17-0958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial injury is uniformly observed in several murine models as well as in individuals with diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Although emerging evidence has highlighted the role of key transcriptional regulators in mitochondrial biogenesis, little is known about the regulation of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase assembly in the podocyte under diabetic conditions. We recently reported a critical role of the zinc finger Krüppel-like factor 6 (KLF6) in maintaining mitochondrial function and preventing apoptosis in a proteinuric murine model. In this study, we report that podocyte-specific knockdown of Klf6 increased the susceptibility to streptozotocin-induced DKD in the resistant C57BL/6 mouse strain. We observed that the loss of KLF6 in podocytes reduced the expression of synthesis of cytochrome c oxidase 2 with resultant increased mitochondrial injury, leading to activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway under diabetic conditions. Conversely, mitochondrial injury and apoptosis were significantly attenuated with overexpression of KLF6 in cultured human podocytes under hyperglycemic conditions. Finally, we observed a significant reduction in glomerular and podocyte-specific expression of KLF6 in human kidney biopsies with progression of DKD. Collectively, these data suggest that podocyte-specific KLF6 is critical to preventing mitochondrial injury and apoptosis under diabetic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia J Horne
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Jessica M Vasquez
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Yiqing Guo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Victoria Ly
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Sian E Piret
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Alexandra R Leonardo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Jason Ling
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Monica P Revelo
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Daniel Bogenhagen
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Vincent W Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - John C He
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Renal Section, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Sandeep K Mallipattu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
- Renal Section, Northport VA Medical Center, Northport, NY
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Montano M, Bushman W. Morphoregulatory pathways in prostate ductal development. Dev Dyn 2018; 246:89-99. [PMID: 27884054 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The mouse prostate is a male sex-accessory gland comprised of a branched ductal network arranged into three separate bilateral lobes: the anterior, dorsolateral, and ventral lobes. Prostate ductal development is the primary morphogenetic event in prostate development and requires a complex regulation of spatiotemporal factors. This review provides an overview of prostate development and the major genetic regulators and signaling pathways involved. To identify new areas for further study, we briefly highlight the likely important, but relatively understudied, role of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Finally, we point out the potential importance of the ECM in influencing the behavior and prognosis of prostate cancer. Developmental Dynamics 246:89-99, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Montano
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Department of Urology, Madison, Wisconsin.,University of Wisconsin Madison, Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Madison, Wisconsin.,University of Wisconsin Madison, Carbone Cancer Center, Clinical Sciences Center, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Wade Bushman
- University of Wisconsin Madison, Department of Urology, Madison, Wisconsin.,University of Wisconsin Madison, Carbone Cancer Center, Clinical Sciences Center, Madison, Wisconsin
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Krüppel-like factor 6 is a transcriptional activator of autophagy in acute liver injury. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8119. [PMID: 28808340 PMCID: PMC5556119 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08680-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Krüppel-like factor 6 (KLF6) is a transcription factor and tumor suppressor. We previously identified KLF6 as mediator of hepatocyte glucose and lipid homeostasis. The loss or reduction of KLF6 is linked to the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma, but its contribution to liver regeneration and repair in acute liver injury are lacking so far. Here we explore the role of KLF6 in acute liver injury models in mice, and in patients with acute liver failure (ALF). KLF6 was induced in hepatocytes in ALF, and in both acetaminophen (APAP)- and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-treated mice. In mice with hepatocyte-specific Klf6 knockout (DeltaKlf6), cell proliferation following partial hepatectomy (PHx) was increased compared to controls. Interestingly, key autophagic markers and mediators LC3-II, Atg7 and Beclin1 were reduced in DeltaKlf6 mice livers. Using luciferase assay and ChIP, KLF6 was established as a direct transcriptional activator of ATG7 and BECLIN1, but was dependent on the presence of p53. Here we show, that KLF6 expression is induced in ALF and in the regenerating liver, where it activates autophagy by transcriptional induction of ATG7 and BECLIN1 in a p53-dependent manner. These findings couple the activity of an important growth inhibitor in liver to the induction of autophagy in hepatocytes.
Collapse
|
13
|
Laitman BM, Asp L, Mariani JN, Zhang J, Liu J, Sawai S, Chapouly C, Horng S, Kramer EG, Mitiku N, Loo H, Burlant N, Pedre X, Hara Y, Nudelman G, Zaslavsky E, Lee YM, Braun DA, Lu QR, Narla G, Raine CS, Friedman SL, Casaccia P, John GR. The Transcriptional Activator Krüppel-like Factor-6 Is Required for CNS Myelination. PLoS Biol 2016; 14:e1002467. [PMID: 27213272 PMCID: PMC4877075 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1002467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth factors of the gp130 family promote oligodendrocyte differentiation, and viability, and myelination, but their mechanisms of action are incompletely understood. Here, we show that these effects are coordinated, in part, by the transcriptional activator Krüppel-like factor-6 (Klf6). Klf6 is rapidly induced in oligodendrocyte progenitors (OLP) by gp130 factors, and promotes differentiation. Conversely, in mice with lineage-selective Klf6 inactivation, OLP undergo maturation arrest followed by apoptosis, and CNS myelination fails. Overlapping transcriptional and chromatin occupancy analyses place Klf6 at the nexus of a novel gp130-Klf-importin axis, which promotes differentiation and viability in part via control of nuclear trafficking. Klf6 acts as a gp130-sensitive transactivator of the nuclear import factor importin-α5 (Impα5), and interfering with this mechanism interrupts step-wise differentiation. Underscoring the significance of this axis in vivo, mice with conditional inactivation of gp130 signaling display defective Klf6 and Impα5 expression, OLP maturation arrest and apoptosis, and failure of CNS myelination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin M. Laitman
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Corinne Goldsmith Dickinson Center for Multiple Sclerosis, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Linnéa Asp
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Corinne Goldsmith Dickinson Center for Multiple Sclerosis, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - John N. Mariani
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Corinne Goldsmith Dickinson Center for Multiple Sclerosis, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jingya Zhang
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Corinne Goldsmith Dickinson Center for Multiple Sclerosis, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jia Liu
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Corinne Goldsmith Dickinson Center for Multiple Sclerosis, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Setsu Sawai
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Corinne Goldsmith Dickinson Center for Multiple Sclerosis, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Candice Chapouly
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Corinne Goldsmith Dickinson Center for Multiple Sclerosis, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Sam Horng
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Corinne Goldsmith Dickinson Center for Multiple Sclerosis, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Elisabeth G. Kramer
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Corinne Goldsmith Dickinson Center for Multiple Sclerosis, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Nesanet Mitiku
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Corinne Goldsmith Dickinson Center for Multiple Sclerosis, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Hannah Loo
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Corinne Goldsmith Dickinson Center for Multiple Sclerosis, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Natalie Burlant
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Corinne Goldsmith Dickinson Center for Multiple Sclerosis, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Xiomara Pedre
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Corinne Goldsmith Dickinson Center for Multiple Sclerosis, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Yuko Hara
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - German Nudelman
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Systems Biology Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Elena Zaslavsky
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Systems Biology Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Young-Min Lee
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - David A. Braun
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Systems Biology Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Q. Richard Lu
- Pediatrics, Cincinnati Childrens’ Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Goutham Narla
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Cedric S. Raine
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Scott L. Friedman
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Patrizia Casaccia
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Corinne Goldsmith Dickinson Center for Multiple Sclerosis, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Gareth R. John
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Corinne Goldsmith Dickinson Center for Multiple Sclerosis, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ahronian LG, Zhu LJ, Chen YW, Chu HC, Klimstra DS, Lewis BC. A novel KLF6-Rho GTPase axis regulates hepatocellular carcinoma cell migration and dissemination. Oncogene 2016; 35:4653-62. [PMID: 26876204 PMCID: PMC4985511 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The presence of invasion into the extra-hepatic portion of the portal vein or the development of distant metastases renders hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients ineligible for the only potential curative options for this malignancy-tumor resection or organ transplantation. Gene expression profiling of murine HCC cell lines identified KLF6 as a potential regulator of HCC cell migration. KLF6 knockdown increases cell migration, consistent with the correlation between decreased KLF6 mRNA levels and the presence of vascular invasion in human HCC. Concordantly, single-copy deletion of Klf6 in a HCC mouse model results in increased tumor formation, increased metastasis to the lungs and decreased survival, indicating that KLF6 suppresses both HCC development and metastasis. By combining gene expression profiling and chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled to deep sequencing, we identified novel transcriptional targets of KLF6 in HCC cells including VAV3, a known activator of the RAC1 small GTPase. Indeed, RAC1 activity is increased in KLF6-knockdown cells in a VAV3-dependent manner, and knockdown of either RAC1 or VAV3 impairs HCC cell migration. Together, our data demonstrate a novel function for KLF6 in constraining HCC dissemination through the regulation of a VAV3-RAC1 signaling axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L G Ahronian
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - L J Zhu
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.,Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.,Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Y-W Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Maioli, Taiwan
| | - H-C Chu
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Maioli, Taiwan
| | - D S Klimstra
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - B C Lewis
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.,Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.,Cancer Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Simmen RCM, Heard ME, Simmen AM, Montales MTM, Marji M, Scanlon S, Pabona JMP. The Krüppel-like factors in female reproductive system pathologies. J Mol Endocrinol 2015; 54:R89-R101. [PMID: 25654975 PMCID: PMC4369192 DOI: 10.1530/jme-14-0310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Female reproductive tract pathologies arise largely from dysregulation of estrogen and progesterone receptor signaling, leading to aberrant cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation. The signaling pathways orchestrated by these nuclear receptors are complex, require the participation of many nuclear proteins serving as key binding partners or targets, and involve a range of paracrine and autocrine regulatory circuits. The members of the Krüppel-like factor (KLF) family of transcription factors are ubiquitously expressed in reproductive tissues and have been increasingly implicated as critical co-regulators and integrators of steroid hormone actions. Herein, we explore the involvement of KLF family members in uterine pathology, describe their currently known molecular mechanisms, and discuss their potential as targets for therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosalia C M Simmen
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USADepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USADepartment of Internal MedicineHarlem Hospital Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10037, USA
| | - Melissa E Heard
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USADepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USADepartment of Internal MedicineHarlem Hospital Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10037, USA
| | - Angela M Simmen
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USADepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USADepartment of Internal MedicineHarlem Hospital Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10037, USA
| | - Maria Theresa M Montales
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USADepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USADepartment of Internal MedicineHarlem Hospital Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10037, USA
| | - Meera Marji
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USADepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USADepartment of Internal MedicineHarlem Hospital Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10037, USA
| | - Samantha Scanlon
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USADepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USADepartment of Internal MedicineHarlem Hospital Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10037, USA
| | - John Mark P Pabona
- Department of Physiology and BiophysicsUniversity of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, USADepartment of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USADepartment of Internal MedicineHarlem Hospital Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10037, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Mallipattu SK, Horne SJ, D'Agati V, Narla G, Liu R, Frohman MA, Dickman K, Chen EY, Ma'ayan A, Bialkowska AB, Ghaleb AM, Nandan MO, Jain MK, Daehn I, Chuang PY, Yang VW, He JC. Krüppel-like factor 6 regulates mitochondrial function in the kidney. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:1347-61. [PMID: 25689250 DOI: 10.1172/jci77084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of mitochondrial structure and function is critical for preventing podocyte apoptosis and eventual glomerulosclerosis in the kidney; however, the transcription factors that regulate mitochondrial function in podocyte injury remain to be identified. Here, we identified Krüppel-like factor 6 (KLF6), a zinc finger domain transcription factor, as an essential regulator of mitochondrial function in podocyte apoptosis. We observed that podocyte-specific deletion of Klf6 increased the susceptibility of a resistant mouse strain to adriamycin-induced (ADR-induced) focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). KLF6 expression was induced early in response to ADR in mice and cultured human podocytes, and prevented mitochondrial dysfunction and activation of intrinsic apoptotic pathways in these podocytes. Promoter analysis and chromatin immunoprecipitation studies revealed that putative KLF6 transcriptional binding sites are present in the promoter of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase assembly gene (SCO2), which is critical for preventing cytochrome c release and activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Additionally, KLF6 expression was reduced in podocytes from HIV-1 transgenic mice as well as in renal biopsies from patients with HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) and FSGS. Together, these findings indicate that KLF6-dependent regulation of the cytochrome c oxidase assembly gene is critical for maintaining mitochondrial function and preventing podocyte apoptosis.
Collapse
|
17
|
Date D, Das R, Narla G, Simon DI, Jain MK, Mahabeleshwar GH. Kruppel-like transcription factor 6 regulates inflammatory macrophage polarization. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:10318-10329. [PMID: 24385430 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.526749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence supports the importance of macrophage plasticity in a broad spectrum of biological processes operative in health and disease. A major locus of control regulating macrophage polarization is at the transcriptional level, and several major pathways have been elucidated in recent years. In this study, we identify the Kruppel-like transcription factor 6 (KLF6) as a molecular toggle controlling macrophage speciation. KLF6 expression was robustly induced by pro-inflammatory M1 stimuli (e.g. LPS and IFN-γ) and strongly suppressed by M2 stimuli (e.g. IL4 and IL-13) in human and murine macrophages. Gain- and loss-of-function studies suggest that KLF6 is required for optimal LPS-induced pro-inflammatory gene expression, acting cooperatively with NF-κB. Furthermore, KLF6 inhibits anti-inflammatory gene expression by negatively regulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ expression in macrophages. Collectively, these observations identify KLF6 as a novel transcriptional regulator of macrophage polarization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dipali Date
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Riku Das
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Goutham Narla
- Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Daniel I Simon
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Mukesh K Jain
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Ganapati H Mahabeleshwar
- Case Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine Cleveland, Ohio 44106.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bechmann LP, Vetter D, Ishida J, Hannivoort RA, Lang UE, Kocabayoglu P, Fiel MI, Muñoz U, Patman GL, Ge F, Yakar S, Li X, Agius L, Lee YM, Zhang W, Hui KY, Televantou D, Schwartz GJ, LeRoith D, Berk PD, Nagai R, Suzuki T, Reeves HL, Friedman SL. Post-transcriptional activation of PPAR alpha by KLF6 in hepatic steatosis. J Hepatol 2013; 58:1000-6. [PMID: 23353867 PMCID: PMC3631429 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2013.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Revised: 01/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Dysregulated glucose homeostasis and lipid accumulation characterize non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but underlying mechanisms are obscure. We report here that Krüppel-like factor 6 (KLF6), a ubiquitous transcription factor that promotes adipocyte differentiation, also provokes the metabolic abnormalities of NAFLD by post-transcriptionally activating PPARα-signaling. METHODS Mice with either hepatocyte-specific depletion of KLF6 ('ΔHepKlf6') or global KLF6 heterozygosity (Klf6+/-) were fed a high fat diet (HFD) or chow for 8 or 16 weeks. Glucose and insulin tolerance tests were performed to assess insulin sensitivity. Overexpression and knockdown of KLF6 in cultured cells enabled the elucidation of underlying mechanisms. In liver samples from a cohort of 28 NAFLD patients, the expression of KLF6-related target genes was quantified. RESULTS Mice with global- or hepatocyte-depletion of KLF6 have reduced body fat content and improved glucose and insulin tolerance, and are protected from HFD-induced steatosis. In hepatocytes, KLF6 deficiency reduces PPARα-regulated genes (Trb3, Pepck) with diminished PPARα protein but no change in Pparα mRNA, which is explained by the discovery that KLF6 represses miRNA 10b, which leads to induction of PPARα. In NAFLD patients with advanced disease and inflammation, the expression of miRNA 10b is significantly downregulated, while PEPCK mRNA is upregulated; KLF6 mRNA expression also correlates with TRB3 as well as PEPCK gene expression. CONCLUSIONS KLF6 increases PPARα activity, whereas KLF6 loss leads to PPARα repression and attenuation of lipid and glucose abnormalities associated with a high fat diet. The findings establish KLF6 as a novel regulator of hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism in fatty liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lars P. Bechmann
- Division of Liver Diseases, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Diana Vetter
- Division of Liver Diseases, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Junichi Ishida
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rebekka A. Hannivoort
- Division of Liver Diseases, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ursula E. Lang
- Division of Liver Diseases, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Peri Kocabayoglu
- Division of Liver Diseases, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - M. Isabel Fiel
- Lillian and Henry M. Stratton-Hans Popper Department of Pathology; Mount Sinai School of Medicine; New York, NY
| | - Ursula Muñoz
- Division of Liver Diseases, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Gillian L. Patman
- The Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Fengxia Ge
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Digestive & Liver Disease, Columbia University Medical Center, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - Shoshana Yakar
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Xiaosong Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes Research and Training Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Loranne Agius
- The Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Young-Min Lee
- Division of Liver Diseases, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Weijia Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Bioinformatics Laboratory, Mount Sinai School of Medicine; New York, NY
| | - Kei Yiu Hui
- The Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Despina Televantou
- The Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Gary J. Schwartz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes Research and Training Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Derek LeRoith
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Bone Diseases, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Paul D. Berk
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Digestive & Liver Disease, Columbia University Medical Center, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, NY
| | - Ryozo Nagai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Suzuki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Ubiquitous Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Helen L. Reeves
- The Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Scott L. Friedman
- Division of Liver Diseases, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ghiassi-Nejad Z, Hernandez-Gea V, Woodrell C, Lang UE, Dumic K, Kwong A, Friedman SL. Reduced hepatic stellate cell expression of Kruppel-like factor 6 tumor suppressor isoforms amplifies fibrosis during acute and chronic rodent liver injury. Hepatology 2013; 57:786-96. [PMID: 22961688 PMCID: PMC3522757 DOI: 10.1002/hep.26056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Kruppel-like factor 6 (KLF6), a zinc finger transcription factor and tumor suppressor, is induced as an immediate-early gene during hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation. The paradoxical induction of a tumor suppressor in HSCs during proliferation led us to explore the biology of wildtype KLF6 (KLF6(WT) ) and its antagonistic, alternatively spliced isoform KLF6(SV1) in cultured HSCs and animal models. The animal models generated include a global heterozygous KLF6 mouse (Klf6+/-), and transgenic mice expressing either hKLF6(WT) or hKLF6(SV1) under the control of the Collagen α2 (I) promoter to drive HSC-specific gene expression following injury. The rat Klf6 transcript has multiple splice forms that are homologous to those of the human KLF6 gene. Following a transient increase, all rat Klf6 isoforms decreased in response to acute carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) liver injury and culture-induced activation. After acute CCl(4), Klf6+/- mice developed significantly increased fibrosis and enhanced fibrogenic messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression. In contrast, HSC-specific transgenic mice overexpressing KLF6(WT) or KLF6(SV1) developed significantly diminished fibrosis with reduced expression of fibrogenic genes. Chromatin IP and quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction in mouse HSCs overexpressing KLF6(WT) demonstrated KLF6(WT) binding to GC boxes in promoters of Colα1 (I), Colα2 (I), and beta-platelet-derived growth factor receptor (β-Pdgfr) with reduced gene expression, consistent with transcriptional repression by KLF6. Stellate cells overexpressing either KLF6(WT) or KLF6(SV1) were more susceptible to apoptotic stress based on poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage. CONCLUSION KLF6 reduces fibrogenic activity of HSCs by way of two distinct mechanisms, direct transcriptional repression of target fibrogenic genes and increased apoptosis of activated HSCs. These results suggest that following its initial induction, sustained down-regulation of KLF6 in liver injury may allow de-repression of fibrogenic genes and decreased stellate cell clearance by inhibiting apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Ghiassi-Nejad
- Division of Liver Diseases, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
| | - Virginia Hernandez-Gea
- Division of Liver Diseases, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
| | - Christopher Woodrell
- Division of Liver Diseases, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
| | - Ursula E. Lang
- Division of Liver Diseases, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
| | - Katja Dumic
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Clinical Hospital Centre “Sisters of Mercy”, Zagreb Croatia, Department of Pediatrics
| | - Allison Kwong
- Division of Liver Diseases, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
| | - Scott L. Friedman
- Division of Liver Diseases, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Chiam K, Ryan NK, Ricciardelli C, Day TK, Buchanan G, Ochnik AM, Murti K, Selth LA, Butler LM, Tilley WD, Bianco-Miotto T. Characterization of the prostate cancer susceptibility gene KLF6 in human and mouse prostate cancers. Prostate 2013; 73:182-93. [PMID: 22782870 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Krüppel-like factor (KLF) 6 is a candidate tumor suppressor gene in prostate cancer, but the mechanisms contributing to its loss of expression are poorly understood. We characterized KLF6 expression and DNA methylation status during prostate tumorigenesis in humans and mice. METHODS KLF6 expression was assessed in matched human non-malignant (NM) and tumor prostate tissues (n = 22) by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and in three independent human prostate cancer cohorts bioinformatically. QPCR for KLF6 expression and methylation-sensitive PCR (MSP) were performed in human prostate LNCaP cancer cells after 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine treatment. Klf6 protein levels and DNA promoter methylation were assessed in TRansgenic Adenocarcinoma of Mouse Prostate (TRAMP) tumors by immunohistochemistry and MSP, respectively. RESULTS KLF6 splice variants expression was increased (P = 0.0015) in human prostate tumors compared to NM tissues. Overall, KLF6 was decreased in metastatic compared to primary prostate cancers and reduced expression in primary tumors was associated with a shorter time to relapse (P = 0.0028). Treatment with the demethylating agent 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine resulted in up-regulation of KLF6 expression (two-fold; P = 0.002) and a decrease in DNA methylation of the KLF6 promoter in LNCaP cells. Klf6 protein levels significantly decreased with progression in the TRAMP model of prostate cancer (P < 0.05), but there was no difference in Klf6 promoter methylation. CONCLUSION KLF6 expression was decreased in both clinical prostate cancer and the TRAMP model with disease progression, but this could not be explained by DNA methylation of the KLF6 promoter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Chiam
- Dame Roma Mitchell Cancer Research Laboratories and Adelaide Prostate Cancer Research Centre, Discipline of Medicine, The University of Adelaide and Hanson Institute, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Vetter D, Cohen-Naftaly M, Villaneuva A, Lee YA, Kocabayoglu P, Hannivoort R, Narla G, Llovet JM, Thung SN, Friedman SL. Enhanced hepatocarcinogenesis in mouse models and human hepatocellular carcinoma by coordinate KLF6 depletion and increased messenger RNA splicing. Hepatology 2012; 56:1361-70. [PMID: 22535637 PMCID: PMC3412196 DOI: 10.1002/hep.25810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED KLF6-SV1 (SV1), the major splice variant of KLF6, antagonizes the KLF6 tumor suppressor by an unknown mechanism. Decreased KLF6 expression in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) correlates with increased mortality, but the contribution of increased SV1 is unknown. We sought to define the impact of SV1 on human outcomes and experimental murine hepatocarcinogenesis and to elucidate its mechanism of action. In hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related HCC, an increased ratio of SV1/KLF6 within the tumor was associated with features of more advanced disease. Six months after a single injection of diethylnitrosamine (DEN), SV1 hepatocyte transgenic mice developed more histologically advanced tumors, whereas Klf6-depleted mice developed bigger tumors compared to the Klf6fl(+/+) control mice. Nine months after DEN, SV1 transgenic mice with Klf6 depletion had the greatest tumor burden. Primary mouse hepatocytes from both the SV1 transgenic animals and those with hepatocyte-specific Klf6 depletion displayed increased DNA synthesis, with an additive effect in hepatocytes harboring both SV1 overexpression and Klf6 depletion. Parallel results were obtained by viral SV1 transduction and depletion of Klf6 through adenovirus-Cre infection of primary Klf6fl(+/+) hepatocytes. Increased DNA synthesis was due to both enhanced cell proliferation and increased ploidy. Coimmunoprecipitation studies in 293T cells uncovered a direct interaction of transfected SV1 with KLF6. Accelerated KLF6 degradation in the presence of SV1 was abrogated by the proteasome inhibitor MG132. CONCLUSION An increased SV1/KLF6 ratio correlates with more aggressive HCC. In mice, an increased SV1/KLF6 ratio, generated either by increasing SV1, decreasing KLF6, or both, accelerates hepatic carcinogenesis. Moreover, SV1 binds directly to KLF6 and accelerates its degradation. These findings represent a novel mechanism underlying the antagonism of tumor suppressor gene function by a splice variant of the same gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Vetter
- Department of Medicine/Division of Liver Diseases, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michal Cohen-Naftaly
- Department of Medicine/Division of Liver Diseases, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Augusto Villaneuva
- HCC Translational Research Laboratory, Barcelona-Clinic Liver Cancer Group, Liver Unit. Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Youngmin A. Lee
- Department of Medicine/Division of Liver Diseases, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Peri Kocabayoglu
- Department of Medicine/Division of Liver Diseases, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Rebekka Hannivoort
- Department of Medicine/Division of Liver Diseases, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Goutham Narla
- Department of Medicine/Division of Liver Diseases, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
- Departments of Genetics & Genomic Sciences, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Josep Maria Llovet
- Department of Medicine/Division of Liver Diseases, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
- HCC Translational Research Laboratory, Barcelona-Clinic Liver Cancer Group, Liver Unit. Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS); Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Swan N. Thung
- Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Scott L. Friedman
- Department of Medicine/Division of Liver Diseases, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Bechmann LP, Gastaldelli A, Vetter D, Patman GL, Pascoe L, Hannivoort RA, Lee UE, Fiel I, Muñoz U, Ciociaro D, Lee YM, Buzzigoli E, Miele L, Hui KY, Bugianesi E, Burt AD, Day CP, Mari A, Agius L, Walker M, Friedman SL, Reeves HL. Glucokinase links Krüppel-like factor 6 to the regulation of hepatic insulin sensitivity in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology 2012; 55:1083-93. [PMID: 22095588 PMCID: PMC3295906 DOI: 10.1002/hep.24793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The polymorphism, KLF6-IVS1-27A, in the Krüppel-like factor 6 (KLF6) transcription factor gene enhances its splicing into antagonistic isoforms and is associated with delayed histological progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). To explore a potential role for KLF6 in the development of insulin resistance, central to NAFLD pathogenesis, we genotyped KLF6-IVS1-27 in healthy subjects and assayed fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and insulin sensitivities. Furthermore, we quantified messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of KLF6 and glucokinase (GCK), as an important mediator of insulin sensitivity, in human livers and in liver tissues derived from a murine Klf6 knockdown model (DeltaKlf6). Klf6 overexpression studies in a mouse hepatocyte line were utilized to mechanistically link KLF6 with Gck promoter activity. KLF6-IVS1-27Gwt (i.e., less KLF6 splicing) was associated with stepwise increases in FPG and insulin and reduced hepatic insulin sensitivity. KLF6 binds to the liver-specific Gck promoter and activates a GCK promoter-reporter, identifying GCK as a KLF6 direct transcriptional target. Accordingly, in DeltaKlf6 hepatocytes Gck expression was reduced and stable transfection of Klf6 led to up-regulation of Gck. GCK and KLF6 mRNAs correlate directly in human NAFLD tissues and immunohistochemistry studies confirm falling levels of both KLF6 and GCK in fat-laden hepatocytes. In contrast to full-length KLF6, splice variant KLF6-SV1 increases in NAFLD hepatocytes and inversely correlates with glucokinase regulatory protein, which negatively regulates GCK activity. CONCLUSION KLF6 regulation of GCK contributes to the development of hepatic insulin resistance. The KLF6-IVS1-27A polymorphism, which generates more KLF6-SV1, combats this, lowering hepatic insulin resistance and blood glucose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lars P Bechmann
- Division of Liver Diseases, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; University Hospital Essen, Germany
| | - Amalia Gastaldelli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy,RISC Consortium, Pisa, Italy
| | - Diana Vetter
- Division of Liver Diseases, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Gillian L Patman
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Laura Pascoe
- RISC Consortium, Pisa, Italy,Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Rebekka A Hannivoort
- Division of Liver Diseases, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ursula E Lee
- Division of Liver Diseases, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Isabel Fiel
- Lillian and Henry M. Stratton-Hans Popper Department of Pathology; Mount Sinai School of Medicine; New York, NY
| | - Ursula Muñoz
- Division of Liver Diseases, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Demetrio Ciociaro
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy,RISC Consortium, Pisa, Italy
| | - Young-Min Lee
- Division of Liver Diseases, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Emma Buzzigoli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy,RISC Consortium, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Miele
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, UK,Department of Internal Medicine, Policlinico Gemelli Hospital and Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Kei Y Hui
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, UK
| | | | | | | | - Andrea Mari
- RISC Consortium, Pisa, Italy,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Research Council, Padua, Italy
| | - Loranne Agius
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Mark Walker
- RISC Consortium, Pisa, Italy,Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Scott L Friedman
- Division of Liver Diseases, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Helen L Reeves
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, UK,The Hepatopancreatobiliary Group, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Farooqi AA, Mukhtar S, Riaz AM, Waseem S, Minhaj S, Dilawar BA, Malik BA, Nawaz A, Bhatti S. Wnt and SHH in prostate cancer: trouble mongers occupy the TRAIL towards apoptosis. Cell Prolif 2011; 44:508-15. [PMID: 21973075 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.2011.00784.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a serious molecular disorder that arises because of reduction in tumour suppressors and overexpression of oncogenes. The malignant cells survive within the context of a three-dimensional microenvironment in which they are exposed to mechanical and physical cues. These signals are, nonetheless, deregulated through perturbations to mechanotransduction, from the nanoscale level to the tissue level. Increasingly sophisticated interpretations have uncovered significant contributions of signal transduction cascades in governing prostate cancer progression. To dismantle the major determinants that lie beneath disruption of spatiotemporal patterns of activity, crosstalk between various signalling cascades and their opposing and promoting effects on TRAIL-mediated activities cannot be ruled out. It is important to focus on that molecular multiplicity of cancer cells, various phenotypes reflecting expression of a variety of target oncogenes, reversible to irreversible, exclusive, overlapping or linked, coexist and compete with each other. Comprehensive investigations into TRAIL-mediated mitochondrial dynamics will remain a worthwhile area for underlining causes of tumourigenesis and for unravelling interference options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A A Farooqi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), The University of Lahore, Pakistan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wan XJ, Song RF, Chen YL, Xu K, Xu F. Significance of KLF6 and WWOX protein expression in colorectal carcinoma. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2011; 19:602-607. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v19.i6.602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the expression of Kruppel-like factor 6 (KLF6) and WW domain-containing oxidoreductase (WWOX) proteins in colorectal carcinoma and to analyze their clinicopathological significance.
METHODS: The expression of KLF6 and WWOX proteins was detected by immunohistochemistry in 40 colorectal carcinoma specimens and 40 normal colorectal mucosa specimens.
RESULTS: The positive rates of KLF6 and WWOX protein expression differed significantly between colorectal carcinoma and normal colorectal mucosa (KLF6: 45.0% vs 82.5%, WWOX: 37.5% vs 90.0%, both P < 0.05). The expression of KLF6 and WWOX proteins was found to be associated with tumor differentiation, lymph node metastasis, and tumor invasion in colorectal carcinoma (all P < 0.05). A positive correlation was noted between the expression of KLF6 and that of WWOX in colorectal carcinoma (r = 0. 320, P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Reduced expression of KLF6 and WWOX proteins may be related with the development, progression, and prognosis of colorectal carcinoma. Combined detection of KLF6 and WWOX protein expression is helpful for diagnosis and evaluation of the prognosis of colorectal carcinoma.
Collapse
|
25
|
Chung MK, Kim HJ, Lee YS, Han ME, Yoon S, Baek SY, Kim BS, Kim JB, Oh SO. Hedgehog signaling regulates proliferation of prostate cancer cells via stathmin1. Clin Exp Med 2009; 10:51-7. [PMID: 19779961 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-009-0068-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2009] [Accepted: 08/31/2009] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hedgehog (Hh) signaling is an essential pathway in embryonic development of prostate. Hh also plays roles in the proliferation of progenitor cells and cancer cells of adult prostate. However, how Hh signaling contributes to carcinogenesis of prostate is poorly understood. Stathmin1 is a microtubule-regulating protein that plays an important role in the assembly and disassembly of the mitotic spindle. Stathmin1 is expressed in normal developing mouse prostate and in prostate cancer. The expression pattern of stathmin1 is similar to that of Shh in prostate development and cancer, suggesting a connection between these two proteins. In this study, we examined the relationship between stathmin1 and Hh signaling. Here, we show that stathmin1 expression is regulated by Hh signaling in prostate cancer cells. Cyclopamine, a specific inhibitor of Hh signaling, reduced the expression of stathmin1 in prostate cancer cells. However, the Shh peptide induced stathmin1 expression. Overexpression of Gli1 further confirmed the relationship. Co-expression of stathmin1 and Patched 1, a receptor for Hh signaling was observed in prostate cancer tissues. Cyclopamine and stathmin1 siRNA both decreased proliferation of prostate cancer cells but did not produce an additive effect, suggesting a common pathway. These results suggest that Hh signaling regulates proliferation of prostate cancer cells by controlling stathmin1 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moon-Kee Chung
- Department of Urology, Pusan National University, Mulgeum-Eup, Beomeo-Ri, Yangsan, 626-870, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|