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Szebényi K, Barrio-Hernandez I, Gibbons GM, Biasetti L, Troakes C, Beltrao P, Lakatos A. A human proteogenomic-cellular framework identifies KIF5A as a modulator of astrocyte process integrity with relevance to ALS. Commun Biol 2023; 6:678. [PMID: 37386082 PMCID: PMC10310856 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05041-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies identified several disease-causing mutations in neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, the contribution of genetic variants to pathway disturbances and their cell type-specific variations, especially in glia, is poorly understood. We integrated ALS GWAS-linked gene networks with human astrocyte-specific multi-omics datasets to elucidate pathognomonic signatures. It predicts that KIF5A, a motor protein kinesin-1 heavy-chain isoform, previously detected only in neurons, can also potentiate disease pathways in astrocytes. Using postmortem tissue and super-resolution structured illumination microscopy in cell-based perturbation platforms, we provide evidence that KIF5A is present in astrocyte processes and its deficiency disrupts structural integrity and mitochondrial transport. We show that this may underly cytoskeletal and trafficking changes in SOD1 ALS astrocytes characterised by low KIF5A levels, which can be rescued by c-Jun N-terminal Kinase-1 (JNK1), a kinesin transport regulator. Altogether, our pipeline reveals a mechanism controlling astrocyte process integrity, a pre-requisite for synapse maintenance and suggests a targetable loss-of-function in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kornélia Szebényi
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0PY, UK
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | | | - George M Gibbons
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0PY, UK
| | - Luca Biasetti
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Claire Troakes
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Pedro Beltrao
- European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1SD, UK.
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland.
| | - András Lakatos
- John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0PY, UK.
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK.
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2
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Flex E, Albadri S, Radio FC, Cecchetti S, Lauri A, Priolo M, Kissopoulos M, Carpentieri G, Fasano G, Venditti M, Magliocca V, Bellacchio E, Welch CL, Colombo PC, Kochav SM, Chang R, Barrick R, Trivisano M, Micalizzi A, Borghi R, Messina E, Mancini C, Pizzi S, De Santis F, Rosello M, Specchio N, Compagnucci C, McWalter K, Chung WK, Del Bene F, Tartaglia M. Dominantly acting KIF5B variants with pleiotropic cellular consequences cause variable clinical phenotypes. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 32:473-488. [PMID: 36018820 PMCID: PMC9851748 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Kinesins are motor proteins involved in microtubule (MT)-mediated intracellular transport. They contribute to key cellular processes, including intracellular trafficking, organelle dynamics and cell division. Pathogenic variants in kinesin-encoding genes underlie several human diseases characterized by an extremely variable clinical phenotype, ranging from isolated neurodevelopmental/neurodegenerative disorders to syndromic phenotypes belonging to a family of conditions collectively termed as 'ciliopathies.' Among kinesins, kinesin-1 is the most abundant MT motor for transport of cargoes towards the plus end of MTs. Three kinesin-1 heavy chain isoforms exist in mammals. Different from KIF5A and KIF5C, which are specifically expressed in neurons and established to cause neurological diseases when mutated, KIF5B is an ubiquitous protein. Three de novo missense KIF5B variants were recently described in four subjects with a syndromic skeletal disorder characterized by kyphomelic dysplasia, hypotonia and DD/ID. Here, we report three dominantly acting KIF5B variants (p.Asn255del, p.Leu498Pro and p.Leu537Pro) resulting in a clinically wide phenotypic spectrum, ranging from dilated cardiomyopathy with adult-onset ophthalmoplegia and progressive skeletal myopathy to a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by severe hypotonia with or without seizures. In vitro and in vivo analyses provide evidence that the identified disease-associated KIF5B variants disrupt lysosomal, autophagosome and mitochondrial organization, and impact cilium biogenesis. All variants, and one of the previously reported missense changes, were shown to affect multiple developmental processes in zebrafish. These findings document pleiotropic consequences of aberrant KIF5B function on development and cell homeostasis, and expand the phenotypic spectrum resulting from altered kinesin-mediated processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Flex
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at: Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy. Tel: +39 06 4990 2866; ; Marco Tartaglia, Genetics and Rare Disease Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Viale di San Paolo 15, 00146 Rome, Italy. Tel: +39 06 6859 3742;
| | | | - Francesca Clementina Radio
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Cecchetti
- Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Lauri
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Priolo
- UOSD Genetica Medica, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano "Bianchi Melacrino Morelli", 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Marta Kissopoulos
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanna Carpentieri
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy,Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Fasano
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Venditti
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Magliocca
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Bellacchio
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Carrie L Welch
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, NY, New York 10032, USA
| | - Paolo C Colombo
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, NY, New York 10032, USA
| | - Stephanie M Kochav
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, NY, New York 10032, USA
| | - Richard Chang
- Division of Metabolic Disorders, Children's Hospital of Orange County (CHOC), CA, Orange 92868, USA
| | - Rebekah Barrick
- Division of Metabolic Disorders, Children's Hospital of Orange County (CHOC), CA, Orange 92868, USA
| | - Marina Trivisano
- Department of Neuroscience, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Micalizzi
- Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Borghi
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Messina
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy,Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Cecilia Mancini
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Pizzi
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Flavia De Santis
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM U934, CNRS UMR3215 Paris, France
| | - Marion Rosello
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 17 Rue Moreau, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Nicola Specchio
- Department of Neuroscience, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Compagnucci
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Wendy K Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, NY, New York 10032, USA,Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, NY, New York 10032, USA
| | | | - Marco Tartaglia
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at: Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy. Tel: +39 06 4990 2866; ; Marco Tartaglia, Genetics and Rare Disease Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Viale di San Paolo 15, 00146 Rome, Italy. Tel: +39 06 6859 3742;
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3
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Motor usage imprints microtubule stability along the shaft. Dev Cell 2021; 57:5-18.e8. [PMID: 34883065 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Tubulin dimers assemble into dynamic microtubules, which are used by molecular motors as tracks for intracellular transport. Organization and dynamics of the microtubule network are commonly thought to be regulated at the polymer ends, where tubulin dimers can be added or removed. Here, we show that molecular motors running on microtubules cause exchange of dimers along the shaft in vitro and in cells. These sites of dimer exchange act as rescue sites where depolymerizing microtubules stop shrinking and start re-growing. Consequently, the average length of microtubules increases depending on how frequently they are used as motor tracks. An increase of motor activity densifies the cellular microtubule network and enhances cell polarity. Running motors leave marks in the shaft, serving as traces of microtubule usage to organize the polarity landscape of the cell.
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Santiago-Mujika E, Luthi-Carter R, Giorgini F, Kalaria RN, Mukaetova-Ladinska EB. Tubulin and Tubulin Posttranslational Modifications in Alzheimer's Disease and Vascular Dementia. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:730107. [PMID: 34776926 PMCID: PMC8586541 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.730107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) are the two most common forms of dementia in older people. Although these two dementia types differ in their etiology, they share many pathophysiological and morphological features, including neuronal loss, which is associated with the microtubule (MT) destabilization. Stabilization of MTs is achieved in different ways: through interactions with MT binding proteins (MTBP) or by posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of tubulin. Polyglutamylation and tyrosination are two foremost PTMs that regulate the interaction between MTs and MTBPs, and play, therefore, a role in neurodegeneration. In this review, we summarize key information on tubulin PTMs in relation to AD and VaD and address the importance of studying further the tubulin code to reveal sites of potential intervention in development of novel and effective dementia therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estibaliz Santiago-Mujika
- Department of Neuroscience, Behavior and Psychology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth Luthi-Carter
- Department of Neuroscience, Behavior and Psychology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Flaviano Giorgini
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Raj N. Kalaria
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeta B. Mukaetova-Ladinska
- Department of Neuroscience, Behavior and Psychology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
- Evington Centre, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, United Kingdom
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5
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βIII-tubulin overexpression in cancer: Causes, consequences, and potential therapies. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188607. [PMID: 34364992 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Class III β-tubulin (βIII-tubulin) is frequently overexpressed in human tumors and is associated with resistance to microtubule-targeting agents, tumor aggressiveness, and poor patient outcome. Understanding the mechanisms regulating βIII-tubulin expression and the varied functions βIII-tubulin may have in different cancers is vital to assess the prognostic value of this protein and to develop strategies to enhance therapeutic benefits in βIII-tubulin overexpressing tumors. Here we gather all the available evidence regarding the clinical implications of βIII-tubulin overexpression in cancer, describe factors that regulate βIII-tubulin expression, and discuss current understanding of the mechanisms underlying βIII-tubulin-mediated resistance to microtubule-targeting agents and tumor aggressiveness. Finally, we provide an overview of emerging therapeutic strategies to target tumors that overexpress βIII-tubulin.
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6
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Henrie H, Bakhos-Douaihy D, Cantaloube I, Pilon A, Talantikite M, Stoppin-Mellet V, Baillet A, Poüs C, Benoit B. Stress-induced phosphorylation of CLIP-170 by JNK promotes microtubule rescue. J Cell Biol 2021; 219:151834. [PMID: 32491151 PMCID: PMC7337496 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201909093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The stress-induced c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) controls microtubule dynamics by enhancing both microtubule growth and rescues. Here, we show that upon cell stress, JNK directly phosphorylates the microtubule rescue factor CLIP-170 in its microtubule-binding domain to increase its rescue-promoting activity. Phosphomimetic versions of CLIP-170 enhance its ability to promote rescue events in vitro and in cells. Furthermore, while phosphomimetic mutations do not alter CLIP-170’s capability to form comets at growing microtubule ends, both phosphomimetic mutations and JNK activation increase the occurrence of CLIP-170 remnants on the microtubule lattice at the rear of comets. As the CLIP-170 remnants, which are potential sites of microtubule rescue, display a shorter lifetime when CLIP-170 is phosphorylated, we propose that instead of acting at the time of rescue occurrence, CLIP-170 would rather contribute in preparing the microtubule lattice for future rescues at these predetermined sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Henrie
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche 1193, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Dalal Bakhos-Douaihy
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche 1193, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Isabelle Cantaloube
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche 1193, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Antoine Pilon
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche 1193, Châtenay-Malabry, France.,Département de Biochimie, Hormonologie et Suivi Thérapeutique, Département Médico-Universitaire BioGeM, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Maya Talantikite
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche 1193, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Virginie Stoppin-Mellet
- Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche 1216, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Anita Baillet
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche 1193, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Christian Poüs
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche 1193, Châtenay-Malabry, France.,Biochimie-Hormonologie, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris Université Paris-Saclay, Clamart, France
| | - Béatrice Benoit
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité Mixte de Recherche 1193, Châtenay-Malabry, France
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7
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Liu X, Blazejewski SM, Bennison SA, Toyo-Oka K. Glutathione S-transferase Pi (Gstp) proteins regulate neuritogenesis in the developing cerebral cortex. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 30:30-45. [PMID: 33437989 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
GSTP proteins are metabolic enzymes involved in the removal of oxidative stress and intracellular signaling and also have inhibitory effects on JNK activity. However, the functions of Gstp proteins in the developing brain are unknown. In mice, there are three Gstp proteins, Gstp1, 2 and 3, whereas there is only one GSTP in humans. By reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis, we found that Gstp1 was expressed beginning at E15.5 in the cortex, but Gstp2 and 3 started expressing at E18.5. Gstp 1 and 2 knockdown (KD) caused decreased neurite number in cortical neurons, implicating them in neurite initiation. Using in utero electroporation (IUE) to knock down Gstp1 and 2 in layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons in vivo, we found abnormal swelling of the apical dendrite at P3 and reduced neurite number at P15. Using time-lapse live imaging, we found that the apical dendrite orientation was skewed compared with the control. We explored the molecular mechanism and found that JNK inhibition rescued reduced neurite number caused by Gstp knockdown, indicating that Gstp regulates neurite formation through JNK signaling. Thus, we found novel functions of Gstp proteins in neurite initiation during cortical development. These findings not only provide novel functions of Gstp proteins in neuritogenesis during cortical development but also help us to understand the complexity of neurite formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129 USA
| | - Sara M Blazejewski
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129 USA
| | - Sarah A Bennison
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129 USA
| | - Kazuhito Toyo-Oka
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129 USA
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8
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Alhuthali HM, Bradshaw TD, Lim KH, Kam TS, Seedhouse CH. The natural alkaloid Jerantinine B has activity in acute myeloid leukemia cells through a mechanism involving c-Jun. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:629. [PMID: 32635894 PMCID: PMC7341637 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07119-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogenous hematological malignancy with poor long-term survival. New drugs which improve the outcome of AML patients are urgently required. In this work, the activity and mechanism of action of the cytotoxic indole alkaloid Jerantinine B (JB), was examined in AML cells. METHODS We used a combination of proliferation and apoptosis assays to assess the effect of JB on AML cell lines and patient samples, with BH3 profiling being performed to identify early effects of the drug (4 h). Phosphokinase arrays were adopted to identify potential driver proteins in the cellular response to JB, the results of which were confirmed and extended using western blotting and inhibitor assays and measuring levels of reactive oxygen species. RESULTS AML cell growth was significantly impaired following JB exposure in a dose-dependent manner; potent colony inhibition of primary patient cells was also observed. An apoptotic mode of death was demonstrated using Annexin V and upregulation of apoptotic biomarkers (active caspase 3 and cleaved PARP). Using BH3 profiling, JB was shown to prime cells to apoptosis at an early time point (4 h) and phospho-kinase arrays demonstrated this to be associated with a strong upregulation and activation of both total and phosphorylated c-Jun (S63). The mechanism of c-Jun activation was probed and significant induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was demonstrated which resulted in an increase in the DNA damage response marker γH2AX. This was further verified by the loss of JB-induced C-Jun activation and maintenance of cell viability when using the ROS scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC). CONCLUSIONS This work provides the first evidence of cytotoxicity of JB against AML cells and identifies ROS-induced c-Jun activation as the major mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayaa Moeed Alhuthali
- Blood Cancer and Stem Cells, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Room B209, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.,College of Applied Medical Science, Taif University, Ta'if, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Kuan-Hon Lim
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Semenyih, Malaysia
| | - Toh-Seok Kam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Claire H Seedhouse
- Blood Cancer and Stem Cells, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, Nottingham Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Room B209, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.
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Abstract
This review work is done to show a significance of tubulin in cancer development. Within last decades there are a lot of studies have performed in this area. Now it is clear that there are an enormous number of functions in cell performing by microtubules, a structure unit of which is tubulin. Now it used widely as a predictive factor of tumor aggressiveness, but increasingly it becomes a target for studying and treatment elaboration, since it is well-known that to nowadays tubulin-targeted medicines, such as taxanes or vinca-alkaloids, resistance develops rather quickly, so it consists a large problem in oncology. This work reveals basic microtubule functions, violations that it may undergo and consequences of these. Also it is described here the main modern tendencies in creation of remedy which will make it possible breakthrough treatment resistance barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolhyi V
- State Establishment “Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy“, of Health Ministry of Ukraine
| | - Avierin D
- State Establishment “Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy“, of Health Ministry of Ukraine
| | - Hojouj M
- State Establishment “Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy“, of Health Ministry of Ukraine
| | - Bondarenko I
- State Establishment “Dnipropetrovsk Medical Academy“, of Health Ministry of Ukraine
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10
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Eribulin rapidly inhibits TGF-β-induced Snail expression and can induce Slug expression in a Smad4-dependent manner. Br J Cancer 2019; 121:611-621. [PMID: 31481735 PMCID: PMC6889360 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0556-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence shows that the anticancer effects of microtubule targeting agents are not due solely to their antimitotic activities but also their ability to impair microtubule-dependent oncogenic signalling. Methods The effects of microtubule targeting agents on regulators of TGF-β-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were evaluated in breast cancer cell lines using high content imaging, gene and protein expression, siRNA-mediated knockdown and chromatin immunoprecipitation. Results Microtubule targeting agents rapidly and differentially alter the expression of Snail and Slug, key EMT-promoting transcription factors in breast cancer. Eribulin, vinorelbine and in some cases, ixabepalone, but not paclitaxel, inhibited TGF-β-mediated Snail expression by impairing the microtubule-dependent nuclear localisation of Smad2/3. In contrast, eribulin and vinorelbine promoted a TGF-β-independent increase in Slug in cells with low Smad4. Mechanistically, microtubule depolymerisation induces c-Jun, which consequently increases Slug expression in cells with low Smad4. Conclusion These results identify a mechanism by which eribulin-mediated microtubule disruption could reverse EMT in preclinical models and in patients. Furthermore, high Smad4 levels could serve as a biomarker of this response. This study highlights that microtubule targeting drugs can exert distinct effects on the expression of EMT-regulating transcription factors and that identifying differences among these drugs could lead to their more rational use.
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11
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Dopey1-Mon2 complex binds to dual-lipids and recruits kinesin-1 for membrane trafficking. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3218. [PMID: 31324769 PMCID: PMC6642134 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11056-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins are transported among eukaryotic organelles along the cytoskeleton in membrane carriers. The mechanism regarding the motility of carriers and the positioning of organelles is a fundamental question in cell biology that remains incompletely understood. Here, we find that Dopey1 and Mon2 assemble into a complex and localize to the Golgi, endolysosome and endoplasmic reticulum exit site. The Golgi localization of Dopey1 and Mon2 requires their binding to phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate and phosphatidic acid, respectively, two lipids known for the biogenesis of membrane carriers and the specification of organelle identities. The N-terminus of Dopey1 further interacts with kinesin-1, a plus-end or centrifugal-direction microtubule motor. Dopey1-Mon2 complex functions as a dual-lipid-regulated cargo-adaptor to recruit kinesin-1 to secretory and endocytic organelles or membrane carriers for centrifugally biased bidirectional transport. Dopey1-Mon2 complex therefore provides an important missing link to coordinate the budding of a membrane carrier and subsequent bidirectional transport along the microtubule. Proteins are transported among eukaryotic organelles along the cytoskeleton in membrane carriers. Here authors find that the Dopey1-Mon2 complex functions as a dual-lipid-regulated cargo-adaptor to recruit kinesin-1 to secretory and endocytic organelles or membrane carriers.
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12
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Septin filament coalignment with microtubules depends on SEPT9_i1 and tubulin polyglutamylation, and is an early feature of acquired cell resistance to paclitaxel. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:54. [PMID: 30670682 PMCID: PMC6342940 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1318-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cell resistance to taxanes is a complex, multifactorial process, which results from the combination of several molecular and cellular changes. In breast cancer cells adapted to long-term paclitaxel treatment, we previously identified a new adaptive mechanism that contributes to resistance and involves high levels of tubulin tyrosination and long-chain polyglutamylation coupled with high levels of septin expression, especially that of SEPT9_i1. This in turn led to higher CLIP-170 and MCAK recruitment to microtubules to enhance microtubule dynamics and therefore counteract the stabilizing effects of taxanes. Here, we explored to which extent this new mechanism alone could trigger taxane resistance. We show that coupling septins (including SEPT9_i1) overexpression together with long-chain tubulin polyglutamylation induce significant paclitaxel resistance in several naive (taxane-sensitive) cell lines and accordingly stimulate the binding of CLIP-170 and MCAK to microtubules. Strikingly, such resistance was paralleled by a systematic relocalization of septin filaments from actin fibers to microtubules. We further show that this relocalization resulted from the overexpression of septins in a context of enhanced tubulin polyglutamylation and reveal that it could also be promoted by an acute treatment with paclitaxel of sensitve cell displaying a high basal level of SEPT9_i1. These findings point out the functional importance and the complex cellular dynamics of septins in the onset of cell resistance to death caused by microtubule-targeting antimitotic drugs of the taxane family.
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Bohush A, Niewiadomska G, Filipek A. Role of Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase Signaling in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19102973. [PMID: 30274251 PMCID: PMC6213537 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19102973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by insufficient dopamine production due to the loss of 50% to 70% of dopaminergic neurons. A shortage of dopamine, which is predominantly produced by the dopaminergic neurons within the substantia nigra, causes clinical symptoms such as reduction of muscle mass, impaired body balance, akinesia, bradykinesia, tremors, postural instability, etc. Lastly, this can lead to a total loss of physical movement and death. Since no cure for PD has been developed up to now, researchers using cell cultures and animal models focus their work on searching for potential therapeutic targets in order to develop effective treatments. In recent years, genetic studies have prominently advocated for the role of improper protein phosphorylation caused by a dysfunction in kinases and/or phosphatases as an important player in progression and pathogenesis of PD. Thus, in this review, we focus on the role of selected MAP kinases such as JNKs, ERK1/2, and p38 MAP kinases in PD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia Bohush
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Grazyna Niewiadomska
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Anna Filipek
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Street, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
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14
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Sharma A, Tiwari M, Gupta A, Pandey AN, Yadav PK, Chaube SK. Journey of oocyte from metaphase-I to metaphase-II stage in mammals. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:5530-5536. [PMID: 29331044 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, journey from metaphase-I (M-I) to metaphase-II (M-II) is important since oocyte extrude first polar body (PB-I) and gets converted into haploid gamete. The molecular and cellular changes associated with meiotic cell cycle progression from M-I to M-II stage and extrusion of PB-I remain ill understood. Several factors drive oocyte meiosis from M-I to M-II stage. The mitogen-activated protein kinase3/1 (MAPK3/1), signal molecules and Rho family GTPases act through various pathways to drive cell cycle progression from M-I to M-II stage. The down regulation of MOS/MEK/MAPK3/1 pathway results in the activation of anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C). The active APC/C destabilizes maturation promoting factor (MPF) and induces meiotic resumption. Several signal molecules such as, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK2), SENP3, mitotic kinesin-like protein 2 (MKlp2), regulator of G-protein signaling (RGS2), Epsin2, polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) are directly or indirectly involved in chromosomal segregation. Rho family GTPase is another enzyme that along with cell division cycle (Cdc42) to form actomyosin contractile ring required for chromosomal segregation. In the presence of origin recognition complex (ORC4), eccentrically localized haploid set of chromosomes trigger cortex differentiation and determine the division site for polar body formation. The actomyosin contractile activity at the site of division plane helps to form cytokinetic furrow that results in the formation and extrusion of PB-I. Indeed, oocyte journey from M-I to M-II stage is coordinated by several factors and pathways that enable oocyte to extrude PB-I. Quality of oocyte directly impact fertilization rate, early embryonic development, and reproductive outcome in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alka Sharma
- Cell Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Meenakshi Tiwari
- Cell Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Anumegha Gupta
- Cell Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Ashutosh N Pandey
- Cell Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Pramod K Yadav
- Cell Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Shail K Chaube
- Cell Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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15
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Peet DR, Burroughs NJ, Cross RA. Kinesin expands and stabilizes the GDP-microtubule lattice. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 13:386-391. [PMID: 29531331 PMCID: PMC5937683 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-018-0084-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Kinesin-1 is a nanoscale molecular motor that walks towards the fast-growing (plus) ends of microtubules, hauling molecular cargo to specific reaction sites in cells. Kinesin-driven transport is central to the self-organization of eukaryotic cells and shows great promise as a tool for nano-engineering 1 . Recent work hints that kinesin may also play a role in modulating the stability of its microtubule track, both in vitro2,3 and in vivo 4 , but the results are conflicting5-7 and the mechanisms are unclear. Here, we report a new dimension to the kinesin-microtubule interaction, whereby strong-binding state (adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-bound and apo) kinesin-1 motor domains inhibit the shrinkage of guanosine diphosphate (GDP) microtubules by up to two orders of magnitude and expand their lattice spacing by ~1.6%. Our data reveal an unexpected mechanism by which the mechanochemical cycles of kinesin and tubulin interlock, and so allow motile kinesins to influence the structure, stability and mechanics of their microtubule track.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Peet
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, Warwick Medical School, Coventry, UK
- Warwick Systems Biology Centre, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Nigel J Burroughs
- Warwick Systems Biology Centre, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Mathematics Institute, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Robert A Cross
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, Warwick Medical School, Coventry, UK.
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16
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Kinesin 1 regulates cilia length through an interaction with the Bardet-Biedl syndrome related protein CCDC28B. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3019. [PMID: 29445114 PMCID: PMC5813027 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21329-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a ciliopathy characterized by retinal degeneration, obesity, polydactyly, renal disease and mental retardation. CCDC28B is a BBS-associated protein that we have previously shown plays a role in cilia length regulation whereby its depletion results in shortened cilia both in cells and Danio rerio (zebrafish). At least part of that role is achieved by its interaction with the mTORC2 component SIN1, but the mechanistic details of this interaction and/or additional functions that CCDC28B might play in the context of cilia remain poorly understood. Here we uncover a novel interaction between CCDC28B and the kinesin 1 molecular motor that is relevant to cilia. CCDC28B interacts with kinesin light chain 1 (KLC1) and the heavy chain KIF5B. Notably, depletion of these kinesin 1 components results in abnormally elongated cilia. Furthermore, through genetic interaction studies we demonstrate that kinesin 1 regulates ciliogenesis through CCDC28B. We show that kinesin 1 regulates the subcellular distribution of CCDC28B, unexpectedly, inhibiting its nuclear accumulation, and a ccdc28b mutant missing a nuclear localization motif fails to rescue the phenotype in zebrafish morphant embryos. Therefore, we uncover a previously unknown role of kinesin 1 in cilia length regulation that relies on the BBS related protein CCDC28B.
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17
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Di Martile M, Desideri M, De Luca T, Gabellini C, Buglioni S, Eramo A, Sette G, Milella M, Rotili D, Mai A, Carradori S, Secci D, De Maria R, Del Bufalo D, Trisciuoglio D. Histone acetyltransferase inhibitor CPTH6 preferentially targets lung cancer stem-like cells. Oncotarget 2017; 7:11332-48. [PMID: 26870991 PMCID: PMC4905477 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play an important role in tumor initiation, progression, therapeutic failure and tumor relapse. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of the thiazole derivative 3-methylcyclopentylidene-[4-(4′-chlorophenyl)thiazol-2-yl]hydrazone (CPTH6), a novel pCAF and Gcn5 histone acetyltransferase inhibitor, as a small molecule that preferentially targets lung cancer stem-like cells (LCSCs) derived from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Notably, although CPTH6 inhibits the growth of both LCSC and NSCLC cell lines, LCSCs exhibit greater growth inhibition than established NSCLC cells. Growth inhibitory effect of CPTH6 in LCSC lines is primarily due to apoptosis induction. Of note, differentiated progeny of LCSC lines is more resistant to CPTH6 in terms of loss of cell viability and reduction of protein acetylation, when compared to their undifferentiated counterparts. Interestingly, in LCSC lines CPTH6 treatment is also associated with a reduction of stemness markers. By using different HAT inhibitors we provide clear evidence that inhibition of HAT confers a strong preferential inhibitory effect on cell viability of undifferentiated LCSC lines when compared to their differentiated progeny. In vivo, CPTH6 is able to inhibit the growth of LCSC-derived xenografts and to reduce cancer stem cell content in treated tumors, as evidenced by marked reduction of tumor-initiating capacity in limiting dilution assays. Strikingly, the ability of CPTH6 to inhibit tubulin acetylation is also confirmed in vivo. Overall, our studies propose histone acetyltransferase inhibition as an attractive target for cancer therapy of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Di Martile
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Marianna Desideri
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Teresa De Luca
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Gabellini
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Simonetta Buglioni
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Adriana Eramo
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Sette
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Milella
- Clinical and Experimental Oncology Department, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Dante Rotili
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, 'Sapienza' University, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonello Mai
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, 'Sapienza' University, Rome, Italy.,Pasteur Institute, Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, 'Sapienza' University, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Carradori
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, 'Sapienza' University, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Secci
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, 'Sapienza' University, Rome, Italy
| | - Ruggero De Maria
- Scientific Director, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Del Bufalo
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Trisciuoglio
- Department of Research, Advanced Diagnostics and Technological Innovation, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
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18
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Perdiz D, Lorin S, Leroy-Gori I, Poüs C. Stress-induced hyperacetylation of microtubule enhances mitochondrial fission and modulates the phosphorylation of Drp1 at 616Ser. Cell Signal 2017; 39:32-43. [PMID: 28757354 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria dynamics results from fission and fusion events that may be unbalanced in favor of mitochondrial fragmentation upon cell stress. During oxidative stress, microtubules are hyperacetylated in a mitochondria-dependent manner. In this study, we show that under stress conditions, most of the mitochondria form foci with microtubule domains that carry Drp1. We also demonstrate that stress-induced hyperacetylation of microtubules is required for the effective induction of Drp1 phosphorylation at 616Ser, in a kinesin-1- and c-Jun N-terminal kinase-dependent manner. Furthermore, hyperacetylation of microtubules contributes to the recruitment of total Drp1 to mitochondria to enhance fission. These results highlight a new way of interaction between microtubules and mitochondria dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Perdiz
- Univ. Paris-Sud, INSERM UMR-S 1193, Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Pharmacie, Châtenay-Malabry, France.
| | - Séverine Lorin
- Univ. Paris-Sud, INSERM UMR-S 1193, Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Pharmacie, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Ingrid Leroy-Gori
- Univ. Paris-Sud, INSERM UMR-S 1193, Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Pharmacie, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Christian Poüs
- Univ. Paris-Sud, INSERM UMR-S 1193, Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Pharmacie, Châtenay-Malabry, France; Biochimie-Hormonologie, APHP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Site Antoine Béclère, Clamart, France
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19
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Plaud C, Joshi V, Marinello M, Pastré D, Galli T, Curmi PA, Burgo A. Spastin regulates VAMP7-containing vesicles trafficking in cortical neurons. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:1666-1677. [PMID: 28392418 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Alteration of axonal transport has emerged as a common precipitating factor in several neurodegenerative disorders including Human Spastic Paraplegia (HSP). Mutations of the SPAST (SPG4) gene coding for the spastin protein account for 40% of all autosomal dominant uncomplicated HSP. By cleaving microtubules, spastin regulates several cellular processes depending on microtubule dynamics including intracellular membrane trafficking. Axonal transport is fundamental for the viability of motor neurons which often have very long axons and thus require efficient communication between the cell body and its periphery. Here we found that the anterograde velocity of VAMP7 vesicles, but not that of VAMP2, two vesicular-SNARE proteins implicated in neuronal development, is enhanced in SPG4-KO neurons. We showed that this effect is associated with a slight increase of the level of acetylated tubulin in SPG4-KO neurons and correlates with an enhanced activity of kinesin-1 motors. Interestingly, we demonstrated that an artificial increase of acetylated tubulin by drugs reproduces the effect of Spastin KO on VAMP7 axonal dynamics but also increased its retrograde velocity. Finally, we investigated the effect of microtubule targeting agents which rescue axonal swellings, on VAMP7 and microtubule dynamics. Our results suggest that microtubule stabilizing agents, such as taxol, may prevent the morphological defects observed in SPG4-KO neurons not simply by restoring the altered anterograde transport to basal levels but rather by increasing the retrograde velocity of axonal cargoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Plaud
- Structure and Activity of Normal and Pathological Biomolecules, INSERM U1204, Université Paris-Saclay, Université d' Evry, France
| | - V Joshi
- Structure and Activity of Normal and Pathological Biomolecules, INSERM U1204, Université Paris-Saclay, Université d' Evry, France
| | - M Marinello
- Structure and Activity of Normal and Pathological Biomolecules, INSERM U1204, Université Paris-Saclay, Université d' Evry, France
| | - D Pastré
- Structure and Activity of Normal and Pathological Biomolecules, INSERM U1204, Université Paris-Saclay, Université d' Evry, France
| | - T Galli
- Inserm URL U950, Institut Jacques Monod, France
| | - P A Curmi
- Structure and Activity of Normal and Pathological Biomolecules, INSERM U1204, Université Paris-Saclay, Université d' Evry, France
| | - A Burgo
- Structure and Activity of Normal and Pathological Biomolecules, INSERM U1204, Université Paris-Saclay, Université d' Evry, France.
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20
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Septin cooperation with tubulin polyglutamylation contributes to cancer cell adaptation to taxanes. Oncotarget 2016; 6:36063-80. [PMID: 26460824 PMCID: PMC4742162 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms of cancer cell adaptation to the anti-microtubule agents of the taxane family are multifaceted and still poorly understood. Here, in a model of breast cancer cells which display amplified microtubule dynamics to resist Taxol®, we provide evidence that septin filaments containing high levels of SEPT9_i1 bind to microtubules in a way that requires tubulin long chain polyglutamylation. Reciprocally, septin filaments provide a scaffold for elongating and trimming polyglutamylation enzymes to finely tune the glutamate side-chain length on microtubules to an optimal level. We also demonstrate that tubulin retyrosination and/or a high level of tyrosinated tubulin is crucial to allow the interplay between septins and polyglutamylation on microtubules and that together, these modifications result in an enhanced CLIP-170 and MCAK recruitment to microtubules. Finally, the inhibition of tubulin retyrosination, septins, tubulin long chain polyglutamylation or of both CLIP-170 and MCAK allows the restoration of cell sensitivity to taxanes, providing evidence for a new integrated mechanism of resistance.
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21
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Bates D, Eastman A. Microtubule destabilising agents: far more than just antimitotic anticancer drugs. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2016; 83:255-268. [PMID: 27620987 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vinca alkaloids have been approved as anticancer drugs for more than 50 years. They have been classified as cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs that act during cellular mitosis, enabling them to target fast growing cancer cells. With the evolution of cancer drug development there has been a shift towards new "targeted" therapies to avoid the side effects and general toxicities of "cytotoxic chemotherapies" such as the vinca alkaloids. Due to their original classification, many have overlooked the fact that vinca alkaloids, taxanes and related drugs do have a specific molecular target: tubulin. They continue to be some of the most effective anticancer drugs, perhaps because their actions upon the microtubule network extend far beyond the ability to halt cells in mitosis, and include the induction of apoptosis at all phases of the cell cycle. In this review, we highlight the numerous cellular consequences of disrupting microtubule dynamics, expanding the textbook knowledge of microtubule destabilising agents and providing novel opportunities for their use in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darcy Bates
- Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Alan Eastman
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
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22
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Cyrus BF, Muller WA. A Unique Role for Endothelial Cell Kinesin Light Chain 1, Variant 1 in Leukocyte Transendothelial Migration. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 186:1375-86. [PMID: 26994343 PMCID: PMC4861765 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
A reservoir of parajunctional membrane in endothelial cells, the lateral border recycling compartment (LBRC), is critical for transendothelial migration (TEM). We have previously shown that targeted recycling of the LBRC to the site of TEM requires microtubules and a kinesin molecular motor. However, the identity of the kinesin and mechanism of cargo binding were not known. We show that microinjection of endothelial cells with a monoclonal antibody specific for kinesin-1 significantly blocked LBRC-targeted recycling and TEM. In complementary experiments, knocking down KIF5B, a ubiquitous kinesin-1 isoform, in endothelial cells significantly decreased targeted recycling of the LBRC and leukocyte TEM. Kinesin heavy chains move cargo along microtubules by one of many kinesin light chains (KLCs), which directly bind the cargo. Knocking down KLC 1 isoform variant 1 (KLC1C) significantly decreased LBRC-targeted recycling and TEM, whereas knocking down other isoforms of KLC1 had no effect. Re-expression of KLC1C resistant to the knockdown shRNA restored targeted recycling and TEM. Thus kinesin-1 and KLC1C are specifically required for targeted recycling and TEM. These data suggest that of the many potential combinations of the 45 kinesin family members and multiple associated light chains, KLC1C links the LBRC to kinesin-1 (KIF5B) during targeted recycling and TEM. Thus, KLC1C can potentially be used as a target for anti-inflammatory therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bita F Cyrus
- Department of Pathology, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - William A Muller
- Department of Pathology, The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.
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23
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Abstract
Vesicles, organelles and other intracellular cargo are transported by kinesin and dynein motors, which move in opposite directions along microtubules. This bidirectional cargo movement is frequently described as a 'tug of war' between oppositely directed molecular motors attached to the same cargo. However, although many experimental and modelling studies support the tug-of-war paradigm, numerous knockout and inhibition studies in various systems have found that inhibiting one motor leads to diminished motility in both directions, which is a 'paradox of co-dependence' that challenges the paradigm. In an effort to resolve this paradox, three classes of bidirectional transport models--microtubule tethering, mechanical activation and steric disinhibition--are proposed, and a general mathematical modelling framework for bidirectional cargo transport is put forward to guide future experiments.
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24
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Masawang K, Pedro M, Cidade H, Reis RM, Neves MP, Corrêa AG, Sudprasert W, Bousbaa H, Pinto MM. Evaluation of 2',4'-dihydroxy-3,4,5-trimethoxychalcone as antimitotic agent that induces mitotic catastrophe in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Toxicol Lett 2014; 229:393-401. [PMID: 24968064 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported the synthesis and the anti-proliferative action of 2',4'-dihydroxy-3,4,5-trimethoxychalcone. Here we reported its mechanism of action on MCF-7 cells. The compound induced aberrant spindles, and arrested cells at metaphase/anaphase boundary with accumulation of checkpoint proteins Mad2, Bub1 and BubR1. Live cell imaging revealed that the compound sustained a prolonged mitotic arrest, followed by massive cell death. The results indicate that 2',4'-dihydroxy-3,4,5-trimethoxychalcone exerts its anti-proliferative activity by affecting microtubules and causing mitotic catastrophe, and thus has the potential for antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamonporn Masawang
- Centro de Química Medicinal da Universidade do Porto (CEQUIMED-UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 10900 Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Madalena Pedro
- Centro de Química Medicinal da Universidade do Porto (CEQUIMED-UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, IINFACTS, Rua Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra PRD, Portugal
| | - Honorina Cidade
- Centro de Química Medicinal da Universidade do Porto (CEQUIMED-UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita M Reis
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, IINFACTS, Rua Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra PRD, Portugal
| | - Marta P Neves
- Centro de Química Medicinal da Universidade do Porto (CEQUIMED-UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Arlene G Corrêa
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, km 235-SP-310, CEP 13565-905 São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Hassan Bousbaa
- Centro de Química Medicinal da Universidade do Porto (CEQUIMED-UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, IINFACTS, Rua Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra PRD, Portugal; Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Madalena M Pinto
- Centro de Química Medicinal da Universidade do Porto (CEQUIMED-UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123, Porto, Portugal.
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25
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Parker AL, Kavallaris M, McCarroll JA. Microtubules and their role in cellular stress in cancer. Front Oncol 2014; 4:153. [PMID: 24995158 PMCID: PMC4061531 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Microtubules are highly dynamic structures, which consist of α- and β-tubulin heterodimers, and are involved in cell movement, intracellular trafficking, and mitosis. In the context of cancer, the tubulin family of proteins is recognized as the target of the tubulin-binding chemotherapeutics, which suppress the dynamics of the mitotic spindle to cause mitotic arrest and cell death. Importantly, changes in microtubule stability and the expression of different tubulin isotypes as well as altered post-translational modifications have been reported for a range of cancers. These changes have been correlated with poor prognosis and chemotherapy resistance in solid and hematological cancers. However, the mechanisms underlying these observations have remained poorly understood. Emerging evidence suggests that tubulins and microtubule-associated proteins may play a role in a range of cellular stress responses, thus conferring survival advantage to cancer cells. This review will focus on the importance of the microtubule-protein network in regulating critical cellular processes in response to stress. Understanding the role of microtubules in this context may offer novel therapeutic approaches for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia L Parker
- Tumour Biology and Targeting Program, Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales , Sydney, NSW , Australia
| | - Maria Kavallaris
- Tumour Biology and Targeting Program, Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales , Sydney, NSW , Australia ; Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales , Sydney, NSW , Australia
| | - Joshua A McCarroll
- Tumour Biology and Targeting Program, Children's Cancer Institute Australia, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales , Sydney, NSW , Australia ; Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales , Sydney, NSW , Australia
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26
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Lee CM. Transport of c-MYC by Kinesin-1 for proteasomal degradation in the cytoplasm. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1843:2027-36. [PMID: 24821626 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
c-MYC is an oncogenic transcription factor that is degraded by the proteasome pathway. However, the mechanism that regulates delivery of c-MYC to the proteasome for degradation is not well characterized. Here, the results show that the motor protein complex Kinesin-1 transports c-MYC to the cytoplasm for proteasomal degradation. Inhibition of Kinesin-1 function enhanced ubiquitination of c-MYC and induced aggregation of c-MYC in the cytoplasm. Transport studies showed that the c-MYC aggregates moved from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and KIF5B is responsible for the transport in the cytoplasm. Furthermore, inhibition of the proteasomal degradation process also resulted in an accumulation of c-MYC aggregates in the cytoplasm. Moreover, Kinesin-1 was shown to interact with c-MYC and the proteasome subunit S6a. Inhibition of Kinesin-1 function also reduced c-MYC-dependent transformation activities. Taken together, the results strongly suggest that Kinesin-1 transports c-MYC for proteasomal degradation in the cytoplasm and the proper degradation of c-MYC mediated by Kinesin-1 transport is important for transformation activities of c-MYC. In addition, the results indicate that Kinesin-1 transport mechanism is important for degradation of a number of other proteins as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement M Lee
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Department of Oncological Sciences, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1130, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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27
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Transcriptome sequencing of neonatal thymic epithelial cells. Sci Rep 2013; 3:1860. [PMID: 23681267 PMCID: PMC3656389 DOI: 10.1038/srep01860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to gain novel insights into thymus biology, we analysed the whole transcriptome of cortical and medullary thymic epithelial cells (cTECs and mTECs) and of skin epithelial cells (ECs). Consistent with their ability to express ectopic genes, mTECs expressed more genes than other cell populations. Out of a total of 15,069 genes expressed in TECs, 25% were differentially expressed by at least 5-fold in cTECs vs. mTECs. Genes expressed at higher levels in cTECs than mTECs regulate numerous cell functions including cell differentiation, cell movement and microtubule dynamics. Many positive regulators of the cell cycle were overexpressed in skin ECs relative to TECs. Our RNA-seq data provide novel systems-level insights into the transcriptional landscape of TECs, highlight substantial divergences in the transcriptome of TEC subsets and suggest that cell cycle progression is differentially regulated in TECs and skin ECs.
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28
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Acharya BR, Espenel C, Kreitzer G. Direct regulation of microtubule dynamics by KIF17 motor and tail domains. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:32302-32313. [PMID: 24072717 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.494989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
KIF17 is a kinesin-2 family motor that interacts with EB1 at microtubule (MT) plus-ends and contributes to MT stabilization in epithelial cells. The mechanism by which KIF17 affects MTs and how its activity is regulated are not yet known. Here, we show that EB1 and the KIF17 autoinhibitory tail domain (KIF17-Tail) interacted competitively with the KIF17 catalytic motor domain (K370). Both EB1 and KIF17-Tail decreased the K0.5MT of K370, with opposing effects on MT-stimulated ATPase activity. Importantly, K370 had independent effects on MT dynamic instability, resulting in formation of long MTs without affecting polymerization rate or total polymer mass. K370 also inhibited MT depolymerization induced by dilution in vitro and by nocodazole in cells, suggesting that it acts by protecting MT plus-ends. Interestingly, KIF17-Tail bound MTs and tubulin dimers, delaying initial MT polymerization in vitro and MT regrowth in cells. However, neither EB1 nor KIF17-Tail affected K370-mediated MT polymerization or stabilization significantly in vitro, and EB1 was dispensable for MT stabilization by K370 in cells. Thus, although EB1 and KIF17-Tail may coordinate KIF17 catalytic activity, our data reveal a novel and direct role for KIF17 in regulating MT dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bipul R Acharya
- From the Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York 10065
| | - Cedric Espenel
- From the Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York 10065
| | - Geri Kreitzer
- From the Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York 10065.
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29
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HDAC6 mutations rescue human tau-induced microtubule defects in Drosophila. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:4604-9. [PMID: 23487739 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1207586110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurons from the brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related tauopathy patients contain neurofibrillary tangles composed of hyperphosphorylated tau protein. Tau normally stabilizes microtubules (MTs); however, tau hyperphosphorylation leads to loss of this function with consequent MT destabilization and neuronal dysfunction. Accordingly, MT-stabilizing drugs such as paclitaxel and epothilone D have been shown as possible therapies for AD and related tauopathies. However, MT-stabilizing drugs have common side effects such as neuropathy and neutropenia. To find previously undescribed suppressors of tau-induced MT defects, we established a Drosophila model ectopically expressing human tau in muscle cells, which allow for clear visualization of the MT network. Overexpressed tau was hyperphosphorylated and resulted in decreased MT density and greater fragmentation, consistent with previous reports in AD patients and mouse models. From a genetic screen, we found that a histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) null mutation rescued tau-induced MT defects in both muscles and neurons. Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of the tubulin-specific deacetylase activity of HDAC6 indicates that the rescue effect may be mediated by increased MT acetylation. These findings reveal HDAC6 as a unique potential drug target for AD and related tauopathies.
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30
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Pilon A, Poüs C. Compartimentation et plasticité du réseau microtubulaire. Med Sci (Paris) 2013; 29:194-9. [DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2013292018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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31
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Multiparametric analysis of CLASP-interacting protein functions during interphase microtubule dynamics. Mol Cell Biol 2013; 33:1528-45. [PMID: 23382075 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01442-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The microtubule (MT) plus-end tracking protein (+TIP) CLASP mediates dynamic cellular behaviors and interacts with numerous cytoplasmic proteins. While the influence of some CLASP interactors on MT behavior is known, a comprehensive survey of the proteins in the CLASP interactome as MT regulators is missing. Ultimately, we are interested in understanding how CLASP collaborates with functionally linked proteins to regulate MT dynamics. Here, we utilize multiparametric analysis of time-lapse MT +TIP imaging data acquired in Drosophila melanogaster S2R+ cells to assess the effects on individual microtubule dynamics for RNA interference-mediated depletion of 48 gene products previously identified to be in vivo genetic CLASP interactors. While our analysis corroborates previously described functions of several known CLASP interactors, its multiparametric resolution reveals more detailed functional profiles (fingerprints) that allow us to precisely classify the roles that CLASP-interacting genes play in MT regulation. Using these data, we identify subnetworks of proteins with novel yet overlapping MT-regulatory roles and also uncover subtle distinctions between the functions of proteins previously thought to act via similar mechanisms.
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32
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Vadász I, Dada LA, Briva A, Helenius IT, Sharabi K, Welch LC, Kelly AM, Grzesik BA, Budinger GRS, Liu J, Seeger W, Beitel GJ, Gruenbaum Y, Sznajder JI. Evolutionary conserved role of c-Jun-N-terminal kinase in CO2-induced epithelial dysfunction. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46696. [PMID: 23056407 PMCID: PMC3466313 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated CO2 levels (hypercapnia) occur in patients with respiratory diseases and impair alveolar epithelial integrity, in part, by inhibiting Na,K-ATPase function. Here, we examined the role of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in CO2 signaling in mammalian alveolar epithelial cells as well as in diptera, nematodes and rodent lungs. In alveolar epithelial cells, elevated CO2 levels rapidly induced activation of JNK leading to downregulation of Na,K-ATPase and alveolar epithelial dysfunction. Hypercapnia-induced activation of JNK required AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and protein kinase C-ζ leading to subsequent phosphorylation of JNK at Ser-129. Importantly, elevated CO2 levels also caused a rapid and prominent activation of JNK in Drosophila S2 cells and in C. elegans. Paralleling the results with mammalian epithelial cells, RNAi against Drosophila JNK fully prevented CO2-induced downregulation of Na,K-ATPase in Drosophila S2 cells. The importance and specificity of JNK CO2 signaling was additionally demonstrated by the ability of mutations in the C. elegans JNK homologs, jnk-1 and kgb-2 to partially rescue the hypercapnia-induced fertility defects but not the pharyngeal pumping defects. Together, these data provide evidence that deleterious effects of hypercapnia are mediated by JNK which plays an evolutionary conserved, specific role in CO2 signaling in mammals, diptera and nematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- István Vadász
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Laura A. Dada
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Arturo Briva
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Iiro Taneli Helenius
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Kfir Sharabi
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Lynn C. Welch
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Aileen M. Kelly
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Benno A. Grzesik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - G. R. Scott Budinger
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jing Liu
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Werner Seeger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Greg J. Beitel
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Yosef Gruenbaum
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Givat Ram, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jacob I. Sznajder
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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33
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c-Jun N-terminal kinase mediates microtubule-depolymerizing agent-induced microtubule depolymerization and G2/M arrest in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Anticancer Drugs 2012; 23:98-107. [PMID: 21968419 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0b013e32834bc978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Microtubule-binding agents (MBAs) form one of the most important anticancer-drug families, but their molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. MBAs such as paclitaxel (PTX) stabilize microtubules, whereas XRP44X (a novel pyrazole) and combretastatins A4 (CA4) destabilize microtubules. These two different types of MBAs have potent antitumor activity. Comparisons of their effects on signal transduction and cellular responses will help uncover the molecular mechanism by which MBAs affect tumor cells. We used MCF-7 cells to compare the effects of the three MBAs on the cytoskeleton, cell cycle distribution, and activation of the three major mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascades [extracellular signal-related kinases, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 MAPK] using pharmacological inhibitors. The G2/M phase arrest was induced following polymerization of microtubules by PTX and depolymerization by XRP44X and CA4. The three major MAPKs were rapidly activated by XRP44X, and extracellular signal-related kinases and p38 by PTX, whereas JNK did not quickly respond to PTX. Pharmacological inhibitors indicated that activation of JNK is principally required for XRP44X- and CA4-induced microtubule depolymerization and G2/M phase arrest. Our results suggest that early phosphorylation of JNK is a specific mechanism involved in microtubule depolymerization by certain MBAs.
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34
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Muresan V, Muresan Z. Unconventional functions of microtubule motors. Arch Biochem Biophys 2012; 520:17-29. [PMID: 22306515 PMCID: PMC3307959 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2011.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2011] [Revised: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
With the functional characterization of proteins advancing at fast pace, the notion that one protein performs different functions - often with no relation to each other - emerges as a novel principle of how cells work. Molecular motors are no exception to this new development. Here, we provide an account on recent findings revealing that microtubule motors are multifunctional proteins that regulate many cellular processes, in addition to their main function in transport. Some of these functions rely on their motor activity, but others are independent of it. Of the first category, we focus on the role of microtubule motors in organelle biogenesis, and in the remodeling of the cytoskeleton, especially through the regulation of microtubule dynamics. Of the second category, we discuss the function of microtubule motors as static anchors of the cargo at the destination, and their participation in regulating signaling cascades by modulating interactions between signaling proteins, including transcription factors. We also review atypical forms of transport, such as the cytoplasmic streaming in the oocyte, and the movement of cargo by microtubule fluctuations. Our goal is to provide an overview of these unexpected functions of microtubule motors, and to incite future research in this expanding field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virgil Muresan
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey 07103, U.S.A
| | - Zoia Muresan
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey 07103, U.S.A
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35
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Drummond DR. Regulation of microtubule dynamics by kinesins. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2011; 22:927-34. [PMID: 22001250 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2011.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 09/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The simple mechanistic and functional division of the kinesin family into either active translocators or non-motile microtubule depolymerases was initially appropriate but is now proving increasingly unhelpful, given evidence that several translocase kinesins can affect microtubule dynamics, whilst non-translocase kinesins can promote microtubule assembly and depolymerisation. Such multi-role kinesins act either directly on microtubule dynamics, by interaction with microtubules and tubulin, or indirectly, through the transport of other factors along the lattice to the microtubule tip. Here I review recent progress on the mechanisms and roles of these translocase kinesins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas R Drummond
- Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom.
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36
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Froidevaux-Klipfel L, Poirier F, Boursier C, Crépin R, Poüs C, Baudin B, Baillet A. Modulation of septin and molecular motor recruitment in the microtubule environment of the Taxol-resistant human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. Proteomics 2011; 11:3877-86. [PMID: 21761557 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201000789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Revised: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 07/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cell resistance to low doses of paclitaxel (Taxol) involves a modulation of microtubule (MT) dynamics. We applied a proteomic approach based on 2-DE coupled with MS to identify changes in the MT environment of Taxol-resistant breast cancer cells. Having established a proteomic pattern of the microtubular proteins extracted from MDA-MB-231 cells, we verified by Western blotting that in resistant cells, α- and β-tubulins (more specifically the βIII and βIV isotypes) increased. Interestingly, four septins (SEPT2, 8, 9 and 11), which are GTPases involved in cytokinesis and in MT/actin cytoskeleton organization, were overexpressed and enriched in the MT environment of Taxol-resistant cells compared to their sensitive counterpart. Changes in the MT proteome of resistant cells also comprised increased kinesin-1 heavy chain expression and recruitment on MTs while dynein light chain-1 was downregulated. Modulation of motor protein recruitment around MTs might reflect their important role in controlling MT dynamics via the organization of signaling pathways. The identification of proteins previously unknown to be linked to taxane-resistance could also be valuable to identify new biological markers of resistance.
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37
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Zaichick SV, Bohannon KP, Smith GA. Alphaherpesviruses and the cytoskeleton in neuronal infections. Viruses 2011; 3:941-81. [PMID: 21994765 PMCID: PMC3185784 DOI: 10.3390/v3070941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2011] [Revised: 06/03/2011] [Accepted: 06/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Following infection of exposed peripheral tissues, neurotropic alphaherpesviruses invade nerve endings and deposit their DNA genomes into the nuclei of neurons resident in ganglia of the peripheral nervous system. The end result of these events is the establishment of a life-long latent infection. Neuroinvasion typically requires efficient viral transmission through a polarized epithelium followed by long-distance transport through the viscous axoplasm. These events are mediated by the recruitment of the cellular microtubule motor proteins to the intracellular viral particle and by alterations to the cytoskeletal architecture. The focus of this review is the interplay between neurotropic herpesviruses and the cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia V Zaichick
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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38
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Huang X, Tong JS, Wang ZB, Yang CR, Qi ST, Guo L, Ouyang YC, Quan S, Sun QY, Qi ZQ, Huang RX, Wang HL. JNK2 participates in spindle assembly during mouse oocyte meiotic maturation. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2011; 17:197-205. [PMID: 21281539 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927610094456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) plays pivotal roles in various mitotic events, but its function in mammalian oocyte meiosis remains unknown. In this study, we found that no specific JNK2 signal was detected in germinal vesicle stage. JNK2 was associated with the spindles especially the spindle poles and cytoplasmic microtubule organizing centers at prometaphase I, metaphase I, and metaphase II stages. JNK2 became diffusely distributed and associated with the midbody at telophase I stage. Injection of myc-tagged JNK2α1 mRNA into oocytes also revealed its localization on spindle poles. The association of JNK2 with spindle poles was further confirmed by colocalization with the centrosomal proteins, γ-tubulin and Plk1. Nocodazole treatment showed that JNK2 may interact with Plk1 to regulate the spindle assembly. Then we investigated the possible function of JNK2 by JNK2 antibody microinjection and JNK specific inhibitor SP600125 treatment. These two manipulations caused abnormal spindle formation and decreased the rate of first polar body (PB1) extrusion. In addition, inhibition of JNK2 resulted in impaired localization of Plk1. Taken together, our results suggest that JNK2 plays an important role in spindle assembly and PB1 extrusion during mouse oocyte meiotic maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Huang
- Organ Transplantation Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen City, Fujian Province, China
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39
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Daire V, Poüs C. Kinesins and protein kinases: key players in the regulation of microtubule dynamics and organization. Arch Biochem Biophys 2011; 510:83-92. [PMID: 21345331 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2011.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2010] [Revised: 02/05/2011] [Accepted: 02/11/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Microtubule dynamics is controlled and amplified in vivo by complex sets of regulators. Among these regulatory proteins, molecular motors from the kinesin superfamily are taking an increasing importance. Here we review how microtubule disassembly or assembly into interphase microtubules, mitotic spindle or cilia may involve kinesins and how protein kinases may participate in these kinesin-dependent regulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Daire
- UPRES EA, Univ. Paris-Sud, Faculté de Pharmacie, Châtenay-Malabry, France
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40
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Perdiz D, Mackeh R, Poüs C, Baillet A. The ins and outs of tubulin acetylation: more than just a post-translational modification? Cell Signal 2010; 23:763-71. [PMID: 20940043 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2010.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2010] [Accepted: 10/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Microtubules are highly dynamic polymers of α/β tubulin heterodimers that play key roles in cell division and in organizing cell cytoplasm. Although they have been discovered more than two decades ago, tubulin post-translational modifications recently gained a new interest as their role was increasingly highlighted in neuron differentiation and neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we specifically focus on tubulin acetylation from its discovery to recent studies that provide new insights into how it is regulated in health and disease and how it impacts microtubule functions. Even though new mechanisms involving tubulin acetylation are regularly being uncovered, the molecular links between its location inside the microtubule lumen and its regulators and effectors is still poorly understood. This review highlights the emerging roles of tubulin acetylation in multiple cellular functions, ranging from cell motility, cell cycle progression or cell differentiation to intracellular trafficking and signalling. It also points out that tubulin acetylation should no longer be seen as a passive marker of microtubule stability, but as a broad regulator of microtubule functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Perdiz
- Univ. Paris Sud-11, UPRES EA4530 IFR IPSIT, Faculté de Pharmacie, 5 rue JB Clément 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
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41
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Geeraert C, Ratier A, Pfisterer SG, Perdiz D, Cantaloube I, Rouault A, Pattingre S, Proikas-Cezanne T, Codogno P, Poüs C. Starvation-induced hyperacetylation of tubulin is required for the stimulation of autophagy by nutrient deprivation. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:24184-94. [PMID: 20484055 PMCID: PMC2911293 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.091553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2009] [Revised: 05/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying microtubule participation in autophagy are not known. In this study, we show that starvation-induced autophagosome formation requires the most dynamic microtubule subset. Upon nutrient deprivation, labile microtubules specifically recruit markers of autophagosome formation like class III-phosphatidylinositol kinase, WIPI-1, the Atg12-Atg5 conjugate, and LC3-I, whereas mature autophagosomes may bind to stable microtubules. We further found that upon nutrient deprivation, tubulin acetylation increases both in labile and stable microtubules and is required to allow autophagy stimulation. Tubulin hyperacetylation on lysine 40 enhances kinesin-1 and JIP-1 recruitment on microtubules and allows JNK phosphorylation and activation. JNK, in turn, triggers the release of Beclin 1 from Bcl-2-Beclin 1 complexes and its recruitment on microtubules where it may initiate autophagosome formation. Finally, although kinesin-1 functions to carry autophagosomes in basal conditions, it is not involved in motoring autophagosomes after nutrient deprivation. Our results show that the dynamics of microtubules and tubulin post-translational modifications play a major role in the regulation of starvation-induced autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Geeraert
- From the Faculté de Pharmacie, University Paris-Sud 11, JE 2493, IFR141, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Ameetha Ratier
- From the Faculté de Pharmacie, University Paris-Sud 11, JE 2493, IFR141, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Simon G. Pfisterer
- the Autophagy Laboratory, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Perdiz
- From the Faculté de Pharmacie, University Paris-Sud 11, JE 2493, IFR141, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Isabelle Cantaloube
- From the Faculté de Pharmacie, University Paris-Sud 11, JE 2493, IFR141, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Audrey Rouault
- From the Faculté de Pharmacie, University Paris-Sud 11, JE 2493, IFR141, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Sophie Pattingre
- the Faculté de Pharmacie, INSERM U 756, IFR141, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Tassula Proikas-Cezanne
- the Autophagy Laboratory, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Patrice Codogno
- the Faculté de Pharmacie, INSERM U 756, IFR141, Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Christian Poüs
- From the Faculté de Pharmacie, University Paris-Sud 11, JE 2493, IFR141, Châtenay-Malabry, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, 92141 Clamart, France, and
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42
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Wang G, Gao X, Huang Y, Yao Z, Shi Q, Wu M. Nucleophosmin/B23 inhibits Eg5-mediated microtubule depolymerization by inactivating its ATPase activity. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:19060-7. [PMID: 20404347 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.100396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleophosmin/B23, an abundant nucleolar protein, plays multiple roles in cell growth and proliferation, and yet, little has been studied about its function in regulating dynamics of microtubules. Here, we report that B23 directly interacts with Eg5, a member of the kinesin family, in the cytosol. The DNA/RNA binding domain of B23 and the motor domain of Eg5 were found to be involved in their interaction. Both in vivo and in vitro evidences showed that B23 acts as an upstream regulator of Eg5 in promoting microtubule polymerization. Moreover, we further demonstrated that B23 regulates microtubule dynamics by directly inhibiting Eg5 ATPase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxing Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
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Dumont A, Boucrot E, Drevensek S, Daire V, Gorvel JP, Poüs C, Holden DW, Méresse S. SKIP, the host target of the Salmonella virulence factor SifA, promotes kinesin-1-dependent vacuolar membrane exchanges. Traffic 2010; 11:899-911. [PMID: 20406420 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0854.2010.01069.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In Salmonella-infected cells, the bacterial effector SifA forms a functional complex with the eukaryotic protein SKIP (SifA and kinesin-interacting protein). The lack of either partner has important consequences on the intracellular fate and on the virulence of this pathogen. In addition to SifA, SKIP binds the microtubule-based motor kinesin-1. Yet the absence of SifA or SKIP results in an unusual accumulation of kinesin-1 on the bacterial vacuolar membrane. To understand this apparent contradiction, we investigated the interaction between SKIP and kinesin-1 and the function of this complex. We show that the C-terminal RUN (RPIP8, UNC-14 and NESCA) domain of SKIP interacted specifically with the tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain of the kinesin light chain. Overexpression of SKIP induced a microtubule- and kinesin-1-dependent anterograde movement of late endosomal/lysosomal compartments. In infected cells, SifA contributed to the fission of vesicles from the bacterial vacuole and the SifA/SKIP complex was required for the formation and/or the anterograde transport of kinesin-1-enriched vesicles. These observations reflect the role of SKIP as a linker and/or an activator for kinesin-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Dumont
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, CNRS UMR 6102, INSERM U631, Université de la Méditerranée, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Case 906-13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France
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