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Aravindraja C, Jeepipalli S, Duncan WD, Vekariya KM, Rahaman SO, Chan EKL, Kesavalu L. Streptococcus gordonii Supragingival Bacterium Oral Infection-Induced Periodontitis and Robust miRNA Expression Kinetics. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6217. [PMID: 38892405 PMCID: PMC11172800 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus gordonii (S. gordonii, Sg) is one of the early colonizing, supragingival commensal bacterium normally associated with oral health in human dental plaque. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in the inflammation-mediated pathways and are involved in periodontal disease (PD) pathogenesis. PD is a polymicrobial dysbiotic immune-inflammatory disease initiated by microbes in the gingival sulcus/pockets. The objective of this study is to determine the global miRNA expression kinetics in S. gordonii DL1-infected C57BL/6J mice. All mice were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10 mice/group; 5 males and 5 females). Bacterial infection was performed in mice at 8 weeks and 16 weeks, mice were euthanized, and tissues harvested for analysis. We analyzed differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs in the mandibles of S. gordonii-infected mice. Gingival colonization/infection by S. gordonii and alveolar bone resorption (ABR) was confirmed. All the S. gordonii-infected mice at two specific time points showed bacterial colonization (100%) in the gingival surface, and a significant increase in mandible and maxilla ABR (p < 0.0001). miRNA profiling revealed 191 upregulated miRNAs (miR-375, miR-34b-5p) and 22 downregulated miRNAs (miR-133, miR-1224) in the mandibles of S. gordonii-infected mice at the 8-week mark. Conversely, at 16 weeks post-infection, 10 miRNAs (miR-1902, miR-203) were upregulated and 32 miRNAs (miR-1937c, miR-720) were downregulated. Two miRNAs, miR-210 and miR-423-5p, were commonly upregulated, and miR-2135 and miR-145 were commonly downregulated in both 8- and 16-week-infected mice mandibles. Furthermore, we employed five machine learning (ML) algorithms to assess how the number of miRNA copies correlates with S. gordonii infections in mice. In the ML analyses, miR-22 and miR-30c (8-week), miR-720 and miR-339-5p (16-week), and miR-720, miR-22, and miR-339-5p (combined 8- and 16-week) emerged as the most influential miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chairmandurai Aravindraja
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (C.A.); (S.J.); (K.M.V.)
| | - Syam Jeepipalli
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (C.A.); (S.J.); (K.M.V.)
| | - William D. Duncan
- Department of Community Dentistry and Behavioral Science, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | - Krishna Mukesh Vekariya
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (C.A.); (S.J.); (K.M.V.)
| | - Shaik O. Rahaman
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA;
| | - Edward K. L. Chan
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
| | - Lakshmyya Kesavalu
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA; (C.A.); (S.J.); (K.M.V.)
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;
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Popotas A, Casimir GJ, Corazza F, Lefèvre N. Sex-related immunity: could Toll-like receptors be the answer in acute inflammatory response? Front Immunol 2024; 15:1379754. [PMID: 38835761 PMCID: PMC11148260 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1379754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of studies have highlighted the existence of a sex-specific immune response, wherein men experience a worse prognosis in cases of acute inflammatory diseases. Initially, this sex-dependent inflammatory response was attributed to the influence of sex hormones. However, a growing body of evidence has shifted the focus toward the influence of chromosomes rather than sex hormones in shaping these inflammatory sex disparities. Notably, certain pattern recognition receptors, such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), and their associated immune pathways have been implicated in driving the sex-specific immune response. These receptors are encoded by genes located on the X chromosome. TLRs are pivotal components of the innate immune system, playing crucial roles in responding to infectious diseases, including bacterial and viral pathogens, as well as trauma-related conditions. Importantly, the TLR-mediated inflammatory responses, as indicated by the production of specific proteins and cytokines, exhibit discernible sex-dependent patterns. In this review, we delve into the subject of sex bias in TLR activation and explore its clinical implications relatively to both the X chromosome and the hormonal environment. The overarching objective is to enhance our understanding of the fundamental mechanisms underlying these sex differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Popotas
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Georges Jacques Casimir
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Pulmonology, Allergology and Cystic Fibrosis, Queen Fabiola Childrens University Hospital (Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola) – University Hospital of Brussels (Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Francis Corazza
- Laboratory of Translational Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Immunology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Brugmann, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Lefèvre
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Pulmonology, Allergology and Cystic Fibrosis, Queen Fabiola Childrens University Hospital (Hôpital Universitaire des Enfants Reine Fabiola) – University Hospital of Brussels (Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles), Brussels, Belgium
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Ustianowska K, Ustianowski Ł, Bakinowska E, Kiełbowski K, Szostak J, Murawka M, Szostak B, Pawlik A. The Genetic Aspects of Periodontitis Pathogenesis and the Regenerative Properties of Stem Cells. Cells 2024; 13:117. [PMID: 38247810 PMCID: PMC10814055 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis (PD) is a prevalent and chronic inflammatory disease with a complex pathogenesis, and it is associated with the presence of specific pathogens, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis. Dysbiosis and dysregulated immune responses ultimately lead to chronic inflammation as well as tooth and alveolar bone loss. Multiple studies have demonstrated that genetic polymorphisms may increase the susceptibility to PD. Furthermore, gene expression is modulated by various epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, or the activity of non-coding RNA. These processes can also be induced by PD-associated pathogens. In this review, we try to summarize the genetic processes that are implicated in the pathogenesis of PD. Furthermore, we discuss the use of these mechanisms in diagnosis and therapeutic purposes. Importantly, novel treatment methods that could promote tissue regeneration are greatly needed in PD. In this paper, we also demonstrate current evidence on the potential use of stem cells and extracellular vesicles to stimulate tissue regeneration and suppress inflammation. The understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of PD, as well as the impact of PD-associated bacteria and stem cells in these processes, may enhance future research and ultimately improve long-term treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Ustianowska
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (K.U.); (Ł.U.); (E.B.); (K.K.); (M.M.); (B.S.)
| | - Łukasz Ustianowski
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (K.U.); (Ł.U.); (E.B.); (K.K.); (M.M.); (B.S.)
| | - Estera Bakinowska
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (K.U.); (Ł.U.); (E.B.); (K.K.); (M.M.); (B.S.)
| | - Kajetan Kiełbowski
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (K.U.); (Ł.U.); (E.B.); (K.K.); (M.M.); (B.S.)
| | - Joanna Szostak
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Martyna Murawka
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (K.U.); (Ł.U.); (E.B.); (K.K.); (M.M.); (B.S.)
| | - Bartosz Szostak
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (K.U.); (Ł.U.); (E.B.); (K.K.); (M.M.); (B.S.)
| | - Andrzej Pawlik
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland; (K.U.); (Ł.U.); (E.B.); (K.K.); (M.M.); (B.S.)
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Fu J, Lu ZT, Wu G, Yang ZC, Wu X, Wang D, Nie ZM, Sheng Q. Gastrodia elata specific miRNA attenuates neuroinflammation via modulating NF-κB signaling pathway. Int J Neurosci 2023:1-11. [PMID: 37965801 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2023.2280835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Based on our previous research on the specific miRNAs identified from Gastrodia elata, we selected Gas-miR2-3p to investigate its effects on neuroinflammation via in vitro and in vivo experiments. RESULTS RT-qPCR analysis indicated that G. elata specific Gas-miR2-3p was detected in all murine tissues post-oral administration, suggesting their potential as orally bioavailable miRNA. The analysis of RT-qPCR, Western blotting and ELISA assays consistently demonstrate that the expression of inflammatory factors as TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β was decreased and the expression levels of p-p65 and p-IκBα were downregulated after the action of Gas-miR2-3p in both cell and animal experiments. CONCLUSION Gas-miR2-3p can attenuate neuroinflammation by regulating the inflammation factors and suppressing the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Our findings indicate that G. elata miRNAs, as novel active components, perform a modulatory role in the NF-κB signaling pathway associated with neuroinflammation in a cross-species way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyuan Fu
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhong-Teng Lu
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guang Wu
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhe-Cheng Yang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqi Wu
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dan Wang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zuo-Ming Nie
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qing Sheng
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
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Laberge S, Akoum D, Wlodarczyk P, Massé JD, Fournier D, Semlali A. The Potential Role of Epigenetic Modifications on Different Facets in the Periodontal Pathogenesis. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1202. [PMID: 37372382 DOI: 10.3390/genes14061202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the supporting structures of teeth. In the literature, the association between the pathogenicity of bacteria and environmental factors in this regard have been extensively examined. In the present study, we will shed light on the potential role that epigenetic change can play on different facets of its process, more particularly the modifications concerning the genes involved in inflammation, defense, and immune systems. Since the 1960s, the role of genetic variants in the onset and severity of periodontal disease has been widely demonstrated. These make some people more susceptible to developing it than others. It has been documented that the wide variation in its frequency for various racial and ethnic populations is due primarily to the complex interplay among genetic factors with those affecting the environment and the demography. In molecular biology, epigenetic modifications are defined as any change in the promoter for the CpG islands, in the structure of the histone protein, as well as post-translational regulation by microRNAs (miRNAs), being known to contribute to the alteration in gene expression for complex multifactorial diseases such as periodontitis. The key role of epigenetic modification is to understand the mechanism involved in the gene-environment interaction, and the development of periodontitis is now the subject of more and more studies that attempt to identify which factors are stimulating it, but also affect the reduced response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Laberge
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Daniel Akoum
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Piotr Wlodarczyk
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Jean-Daniel Massé
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | | | - Abdelhabib Semlali
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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Deka Dey A, Yousefiasl S, Kumar A, Dabbagh Moghaddam F, Rahimmanesh I, Samandari M, Jamwal S, Maleki A, Mohammadi A, Rabiee N, Cláudia Paiva‐Santos A, Tamayol A, Sharifi E, Makvandi P. miRNA-encapsulated abiotic materials and biovectors for cutaneous and oral wound healing: Biogenesis, mechanisms, and delivery nanocarriers. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10343. [PMID: 36684081 PMCID: PMC9842058 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) as therapeutic agents have attracted increasing interest in the past decade owing to their significant effectiveness in treating a wide array of ailments. These polymerases II-derived noncoding RNAs act through post-transcriptional controlling of different proteins and their allied pathways. Like other areas of medicine, researchers have utilized miRNAs for managing acute and chronic wounds. The increase in the number of patients suffering from either under-healing or over-healing wound demonstrates the limited efficacy of the current wound healing strategies and dictates the demands for simpler approaches with greater efficacy. Various miRNA can be designed to induce pathway beneficial for wound healing. However, the proper design of miRNA and its delivery system for wound healing applications are still challenging due to their limited stability and intracellular delivery. Therefore, new miRNAs are required to be identified and their delivery strategy needs to be optimized. In this review, we discuss the diverse roles of miRNAs in various stages of wound healing and provide an insight on the most recent findings in the nanotechnology and biomaterials field, which might offer opportunities for the development of new strategies for this chronic condition. We also highlight the advances in biomaterials and delivery systems, emphasizing their challenges and resolutions for miRNA-based wound healing. We further review various biovectors (e.g., adenovirus and lentivirus) and abiotic materials such as organic and inorganic nanomaterials, along with dendrimers and scaffolds, as the delivery systems for miRNA-based wound healing. Finally, challenges and opportunities for translation of miRNA-based strategies into clinical applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Satar Yousefiasl
- School of DentistryHamadan University of Medical SciencesHamadanIran
| | - Arun Kumar
- Chitkara College of PharmacyChitkara UniversityPunjabIndia
| | - Farnaz Dabbagh Moghaddam
- Department of Biology, Science and Research BranchIslamic Azad UniversityTehranIran
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies, National Research Council, Via Fosso del Cavaliere, 100RomeItaly
| | - Ilnaz Rahimmanesh
- Applied Physiology Research CenterCardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran
| | | | - Sumit Jamwal
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of MedicineYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Aziz Maleki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of PharmacyZanjan University of Medical SciencesZanjanIran
- Zanjan Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Center (ZPNRC)Zanjan University of Medical SciencesZanjanIran
- Cancer Research CentreShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | | | - Navid Rabiee
- Department of PhysicsSharif University of TechnologyTehranIran
- School of EngineeringMacquarie UniversitySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Ana Cláudia Paiva‐Santos
- Department of Pharmaceutical TechnologyFaculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Pharmaceutical TechnologyFaculty of Pharmacy of the University of Coimbra, University of CoimbraCoimbraPortugal
| | - Ali Tamayol
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of ConnecticutFarmingtonConnecticutUSA
| | - Esmaeel Sharifi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and TechnologiesHamadan University of Medical SciencesHamadanIran
| | - Pooyan Makvandi
- Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Centre for Materials InterfacesPontederaItaly
- School of Chemistry, Damghan UniversityDamghanIran
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Persistent TLR4 Activation Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Growth through Positive Feedback Regulation by LIN28A/Let-7g miRNA. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158419. [PMID: 35955552 PMCID: PMC9369227 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation caused by liver damage or infection plays an important role in the development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The activation of Toll-like receptors 4 (TLR4) is involved in HCC tumorigenesis. Moreover, high TLR4 expression in HCC has been linked to poor prognosis. Although the expression of TLR4 in HCC is relatively low compared to hematopoietic cells, it is important to explore the molecular mechanism leading to the elevation of TLR4 in HCC. In this study, we aimed to investigate the positive regulating loop for TLR4 expression in HCC in response to chronic inflammation. Our results confirm that the mRNA expression of TLR4 and proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin 6 (IL6) and C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), positively correlate in human HCC samples. High TLR4 expression in HCC is more susceptible to lipopolysaccharide (LPS); TLR4 activation in HCC provides growth and survival advantages and thus promotes tumorigenesis. It has been shown that the LIN28/let-7 microRNA (miRNA) axis is a downstream effector of the TLR4 signal pathway, and let-7 miRNA is a potential post-transcriptional regulator for TLR4. Thus, we investigated the correlation between TLR4 and LIN28A mRNA and let-7g miRNA in HCC clinical samples and found that the expression of TLR4 was positively correlated with LIN28A and negatively correlated with let-7g miRNA. Moreover, by culturing PLC/PRF5 (PLC5) HCC cells in low-dose LPS-containing medium to mimic chronic inflammation for persistent TLR4 activation, the mRNA and protein levels of TLR4 and LIN28A were elevated, and let-7g miRNA was decreased. Furthermore, the 3' untranslated region (3’UTR) of TLR4 mRNA was shown to be the target of let-7g miRNA, suggesting that inhibition of let-7g miRNA is able to increase TLR4 mRNA. While parental PLC5 cells have a low susceptibility to LPS-induced cell growth, long-term LPS exposure for PLC5 cells leads to increased proliferation, cytokine expression and stemness properties. In conclusion, our studies demonstrate positive feedback regulation for chronic TLR4 activation in the modulation of TLR4 expression level through the LIN28A/let-7g pathway in HCC and suggest a connection between chronic inflammation and TLR4 expression level in HCC for promoting tumorigenesis.
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Molecular Mechanisms Leading from Periodontal Disease to Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020970. [PMID: 35055157 PMCID: PMC8778447 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is prevalent in half of the adult population and raises critical health concerns as it has been recently associated with an increased risk of cancer. While information about the topic remains somewhat scarce, a deeper understanding of the underlying mechanistic pathways promoting neoplasia in periodontitis patients is of fundamental importance. This manuscript presents the literature as well as a panel of tables and figures on the molecular mechanisms of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum, two main oral pathogens in periodontitis pathology, involved in instigating tumorigenesis. We also present evidence for potential links between the RANKL–RANK signaling axis as well as circulating cytokines/leukocytes and carcinogenesis. Due to the nonconclusive data associating periodontitis and cancer reported in the case and cohort studies, we examine clinical trials relevant to the topic and summarize their outcome.
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Particulate Matter-Induced Acute Coronary Syndrome: MicroRNAs as Microregulators for Inflammatory Factors. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:6609143. [PMID: 34931116 PMCID: PMC8684514 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6609143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The most prevalent cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide is acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and its consequences. Exposure to particulate matter (PM) from air pollution has been shown to impair both. Various plausible pathogenic mechanisms have been identified, including microRNAs (miRNAs), an epigenetic regulator for gene expression. Endogenous miRNAs, average 22-nucleotide RNAs (ribonucleic acid), regulate gene expression through mRNA cleavage or translation repression and can influence proinflammatory gene expression posttranscriptionally. However, little is known about miRNA responses to fine PM (PM2.5, PM10, ultrafine particles, black carbon, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon) from air pollution and their potential contribution to cardiovascular consequences, including systemic inflammation regulation. For the past decades, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as novel, prospective diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in various illnesses, including ACS. We wanted to outline some of the most important studies in the field and address the possible utility of miRNAs in regulating particulate matter-induced ACS (PMIA) on inflammatory factors in this review.
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microRNA-20-1 and miR-101a suppress the NF-κB-mediated inflammation production by targeting TRAF6 in miiuy croaker. Infect Immun 2021; 90:e0058521. [PMID: 34748368 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00585-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon recognition of the pathogen components by PRR (pattern recognition receptors), then the cells could be activated to produce inflammatory cytokines and type I interferons. The inflammation is tightly modulated by the host to prevent inappropriate inflammatory responses. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding and small RNAs that can inhibit gene expression and participate in various biological functions, including maintaining a balanced immune response in the host. To maintain the balance of the immune response, these pathways are closely regulated by the host to prevent inappropriate reactions of the cells. However, in low vertebrates, the miRNA-mediated inflammatory response regulatory networks remain largely unknown. Here, we report that two miRNAs, miR-20-1 and miR-101a are identified as negative regulators in teleost inflammatory responses. Initially, we find that both miR-20-1 and miR-101a dramatically increased after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation and Vibrio harveyi infection. Upregulated miR-20-1 and miR-101a inhibit LPS-induced inflammatory cytokines production by targeting TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6), thus avoiding excessive inflammation. Moreover, miR-20-1 and miR-101a regulate the inflammatory responses through the TRAF6-mediated nuclear factor kappa (NF-κB) signaling pathways. Collectively, these data indicate that miR-20-1 and miR-101a act as negative regulators through regulating the TRAF6-mediated NF-κB signaling pathway, and participate in the host antibacterial immune responses, which will provide new insight into the intricate networks of the host-pathogen interaction in the lower vertebrates.
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11
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Mann JE, Ludwig ML, Kulkarni A, Scheftz EB, Murray IR, Zhai J, Gensterblum-Miller E, Jiang H, Brenner JC. Microbe-Mediated Activation of Toll-like Receptor 2 Drives PDL1 Expression in HNSCC. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194782. [PMID: 34638266 PMCID: PMC8508280 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Tumors use immunosuppressive signals to evade detection by the immune system. While recurrent and metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma has historically carried a poor prognosis, therapies targeting the immunosuppressive PD1:PDL1 axis have improved survival in certain patients. Defining mechanisms regulating PDL1 in various contexts may inform refinement of immunotherapy protocols. We identified a role for Toll-like Receptor 2 (TLR2) signaling in driving PDL1 expression. In antigen-presenting cells, TLR2 functions to initiate response to pathogens, and it is overexpressed or genetically altered in some tumors. We found that the synthetic TLR2 ligand Pam3CSK4, as well as whole bacteria, induced PDL1 expression in specific HNSCC cell line models, suggesting that TLR2 may contribute to immune evasion in chronically inflamed tissues. Abstract As immunotherapies targeting the PDL1 checkpoint have become a mainstay of treatment for a subset of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients, a detailed understanding of the mechanisms underlying PDL1-mediated immune evasion is needed. To elucidate factors regulating expression of PDL1 in HNSCC cells, a genome-wide CRISPR profiling approach was implemented to identify genes and pathways conferring altered PDL1 expression in an HNSCC cell line model. Our screen nominated several candidate PDL1 drivers, including Toll-like Receptor 2 (TLR2). Depletion of TLR2 blocks interferon-γ-induced PDL1 expression, and stimulation of TLR2 with either Staphylococcus aureus or a bacterial lipopeptide mimetic, Pam3CSK4, enhanced PDL1 expression in multiple models. The data herein demonstrate a role for TLR2 in modulating the expression of PDL1 in HNSCC models and suggest that microbiota may directly modulate immunosuppression in cancer cells. Our study represents a step toward disentangling the diverse pathways and stimuli regulating PDL1 expression in HNSCC and underscores a need for future work to characterize the complex microbiome in HNSCC patients treated with immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline E Mann
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (J.E.M.); (M.L.L.); (A.K.); (E.B.S.); (I.R.M.); (E.G.-M.)
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Megan L Ludwig
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (J.E.M.); (M.L.L.); (A.K.); (E.B.S.); (I.R.M.); (E.G.-M.)
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Aditi Kulkarni
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (J.E.M.); (M.L.L.); (A.K.); (E.B.S.); (I.R.M.); (E.G.-M.)
| | - Erin B Scheftz
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (J.E.M.); (M.L.L.); (A.K.); (E.B.S.); (I.R.M.); (E.G.-M.)
| | - Isabel R Murray
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (J.E.M.); (M.L.L.); (A.K.); (E.B.S.); (I.R.M.); (E.G.-M.)
| | - Jingyi Zhai
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (J.Z.); (H.J.)
| | - Elizabeth Gensterblum-Miller
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (J.E.M.); (M.L.L.); (A.K.); (E.B.S.); (I.R.M.); (E.G.-M.)
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (J.Z.); (H.J.)
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - J Chad Brenner
- Department of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (J.E.M.); (M.L.L.); (A.K.); (E.B.S.); (I.R.M.); (E.G.-M.)
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Correspondence:
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12
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Miliotis C, Slack FJ. miR-105-5p regulates PD-L1 expression and tumor immunogenicity in gastric cancer. Cancer Lett 2021; 518:115-126. [PMID: 34098061 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapies targeting the interaction between Programmed death 1 (PD-1) and Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) have recently been approved for the treatment of multiple cancer types, including gastric cancer. However, not all patients respond to these therapies, while some eventually acquire resistance. A partial predictive biomarker for positive response to PD-1/PD-L1 therapy is PD-L1 expression, which has been shown to be under strict post-transcriptional control in cancer. By fractionating the PD-L1 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) into multiple overlapping fragments, we identified a small 100-nucleotide-long cis-acting region as being necessary and sufficient for post-transcriptional repression of PD-L1 expression in gastric cancer. In parallel, we performed a correlation analysis between PD-L1 expression and all host miRNAs in stomach cancer patient samples. A single miRNA, miR-105-5p, was predicted to bind to the identified cis-acting 3'UTR region and to negatively correlate with PD-L1 expression. Overexpression of miR-105-5p in gastric cancer cell lines resulted in decreased expression of PD-L1, both at the total protein and surface expression levels, and induced CD8+ T cell activation in co-culture assays. Finally, we show that expression of miR-105-5p in gastric cancer is partly controlled by DNA methylation of a cancer- and germline-specific promoter of its host gene, GABRA3. Dysregulation of miR-105-5p is observed in many cancer types and this study shows the importance of this miRNA in controlling the immunogenicity of cancer cells, thus highlighting it as a potential biomarker for PD-1/PD-L1 therapy and target for combinatorial immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Miliotis
- Harvard Medical School Initiative for RNA Medicine, Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frank J Slack
- Harvard Medical School Initiative for RNA Medicine, Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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13
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Du K, He X, Deng J. MicroRNA-16 inhibits the lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response in nucleus pulposus cells of the intervertebral disc by targeting TAB3. Arch Med Sci 2021; 17:500-513. [PMID: 33747285 PMCID: PMC7959018 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2018.74950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A variety of inflammatory mediators are produced by the degenerative human intervertebral disc (IVD) tissues spontaneously, suggesting their role in the development of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). Our present study was designed to investigate the regulatory effect of microRNA-16 (miR-16) on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response in nucleus pulposus (NP) cells of the IVD. MATERIAL AND METHODS NP cells were treated with LPS to induce inflammatory responses. The expression of miRNA and genes was determined by qRT-PCR. Western blot and an ELISA kit were used to detect the proteins and protein expression, respectively. A dual luciferase reporter assay was applied to identify the correlation between a miRNA and a gene, and to test nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activity. RESULTS The results suggested that miR-16 positively regulated the mRNA and protein expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) genes (including aggrecan and collagen II) in NP cells, while it was negatively correlated with ECM degrading enzymes (including MMP3, MMP13, ADAMTS4, ADAMTS5) and related genes of nitric oxide (NO) reaction. Further studies revealed that miR-16 could oppositely regulate NF-κB and MAPK pathways by directly mediating their upstream gene TAB3. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggested that, in NP cells of the IVD, miR-16 could exert inhibitory effects on the LPS-induced inflammatory response through NF-κB and MAPK pathways by directly mediating TAB3. In this way, miR-16 would play a protective role against LPS-induced IDD and inflammation. Therefore, miR-16 may be a novel therapeutic target for the inhibit of the ECM in the IVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ketao Du
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Rehabilitation, Chenzhou No. 1 People’s Hospital, Chenzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Xuguang He
- Department of Rehabilitation, Chenzhou No. 1 People’s Hospital, Chenzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Jiaqin Deng
- Department of Rehabilitation, Chenzhou No. 1 People’s Hospital, Chenzhou, Hunan, China
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14
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Oladejo AO, Li Y, Wu X, Imam BH, Shen W, Ding XZ, Wang S, Yan Z. MicroRNAome: Potential and Veritable Immunomolecular Therapeutic and Diagnostic Baseline for Lingering Bovine Endometritis. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:614054. [PMID: 33426032 PMCID: PMC7785807 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.614054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The bovine endometrium is a natural pathogen invasion barrier of the uterine tissues' endometrial epithelial cells that can resist foreign pathogen invasion by controlling the inflammatory immune response. Some pathogens suppress the innate immune system of the endometrium, leading to prolonged systemic inflammatory response through the blood circulation or cellular degradation resulting in bovine endometritis by bacterial endotoxins. The microRNA (miRNA) typically involves gene expression in multicellular organisms in post-transcription regulation by affecting both the stability and the translation of messenger RNA. Accumulated evidence suggests that miRNAs are important regulators of genes in several cellular processes. They are a class of endogenous non-coding RNAs, which play pivotal roles in the inflammatory response of reproductive diseases. Studies confirmed that miRNAs play a key regulatory role in various inflammatory diseases by mediating the molecular mechanism of inflammatory cytokines via signal pathways. It implicates some miRNAs in the occurrence of bovine endometritis, resorting to regulating the activities of some inflammatory cytokines, chemokine, differentially expressed genes, and protein through modulating of specific cellular signal pathways functions. This review dwells on improving the knowledge of the role of miRNAs involvement in inflammatory response as to early diagnosis, control, and prevention of bovine endometritis and consequently enlighten on the molecular improvement of the genes coded by various differentially expressed miRNA through the need to adopt recent genetic technologies and the development of new pharmaceutical preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayodele Olaolu Oladejo
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, China.,Department of Animal Health Technology, Oyo State College of Agriculture and Technology, Igbo-Ora, Nigeria
| | - Yajuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaohu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bereket Habte Imam
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenxiang Shen
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xue Zhi Ding
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shengyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zuoting Yan
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutical Development of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Lanzhou, China
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15
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Mei HX, Chen YL, Shi PL, Yang SR, Xu X, He JZ. [Advances in oral bacteria influencing host epigenetic regulation]. HUA XI KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = HUAXI KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = WEST CHINA JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2020; 38:583-588. [PMID: 33085246 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2020.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetics refers to a steady change in the level of gene expression caused by non-DNA sequence changes. Microbes can modulate host inflammation through epigenetic pathways to evade or expend immune responses. As an important part of human microbes, oral bacteria also have various epigenetic regulation mechanisms to affect host inflammatory responses. This article reviews the common pathways of epigenetic regulation in microbe infection and the regulation of host epigenetics by using oral microbes to provide a reference for the study of epigenetic-related mechanisms in oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Xiang Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yi-Lin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Pei-Lei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Si-Rui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jin-Zhi He
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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TLR3-Dependent Activation of TLR2 Endogenous Ligands via the MyD88 Signaling Pathway Augments the Innate Immune Response. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081910. [PMID: 32824595 PMCID: PMC7464415 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of the adaptor molecule MyD88 is thought to be independent of Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) signaling. In this report, we demonstrate a previously unknown role of MyD88 in TLR3 signaling in inducing endogenous ligands of TLR2 to elicit innate immune responses. Of the various TLR ligands examined, the TLR3-specific ligand polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C), significantly induced TNF production and the upregulation of other TLR transcripts, in particular, TLR2. Accordingly, TLR3 stimulation also led to a significant upregulation of endogenous TLR2 ligands mainly, HMGB1 and Hsp60. By contrast, the silencing of TLR3 significantly downregulated MyD88 and TLR2 gene expression and pro-inflammatory IL1β, TNF, and IL8 secretion. The silencing of MyD88 similarly led to the downregulation of TLR2, IL1β, TNF and IL8, thus suggesting MyD88 to somehow act downstream of TLR3. Corroborating in vitro data, Myd88−/− knockout mice downregulated TNF, CXCL1; and phospho-p65 and phospho-IRF3 nuclear localization, upon poly I:C treatment in a mouse model of skin infection. Taken together, we identified a previously unknown role for MyD88 in the TLR3 signaling pathway, underlying the importance of TLRs and adapter protein interplay in modulating endogenous TLR ligands culminating in pro-inflammatory cytokine regulation.
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17
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Chopra A, Bhat SG, Sivaraman K. Porphyromonas gingivalis adopts intricate and unique molecular mechanisms to survive and persist within the host: a critical update. J Oral Microbiol 2020; 12:1801090. [PMID: 32944155 PMCID: PMC7482874 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2020.1801090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
is an obligate, asaccharolytic, gram-negative bacteria commonly associated with increased periodontal and systemic inflammation. P. gingivalis is known to survive and persist within the host tissues as it modulates the entire ecosystem by either engineering its environment or modifying the host's immune response. It interacts with various host receptors and alters signaling pathways of inflammation, complement system, cell cycle, and apoptosis. P. gingivalis is even known to induce suicidal cell death of the host and other microbes in its vicinity with the emergence of pathobiont species. Recently, new molecular and immunological mechanisms and virulence factors of P. gingivalis that increase its chance of survival and immune evasion within the host have been discovered. Thus, the present paper aims to provide a consolidated update on the new intricate and unique molecular mechanisms and virulence factors of P. gingivalis associated with its survival, persistence, and immune evasion within the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Chopra
- Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Subraya G. Bhat
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdul Rahman Faisal University, Dammam, KSA
| | - Karthik Sivaraman
- Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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18
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Chopra A, Radhakrishnan R, Sharma M. Porphyromonas gingivalis and adverse pregnancy outcomes: a review on its intricate pathogenic mechanisms. Crit Rev Microbiol 2020; 46:213-236. [PMID: 32267781 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2020.1747392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), a Gram-negative facultative anaerobe of the oral cavity, is associated with the onset of various adverse pregnancy outcomes. P. gingivalis is linked with the development of preeclampsia, preterm labour, spontaneous abortion, gestational diabetes, foetal growth restriction, and misconception. The unique virulence factors, surface adhesions, enzymes of P. gingivalis can directly injure and alter the morphology, microbiome the foetal and maternal tissues. P. gingivalis can even exaggerate the production of cytokines, free radicals and acute-phase proteins in the uterine compartment that increases the risk of myometrial contraction and onset of preterm labour. Although evidence confirms the presence of P. gingivalis in the amniotic fluid and placenta of women with poor pregnancy outcomes, the intricate molecular mechanisms by which P. gingivalis initiates various antenatal and postnatal maternal and foetal complications are not well explained in the literature. Therefore, the present review aims to comprehensively summarise and highlight the recent and unique molecular pathogenic mechanisms of P. gingivalis associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Chopra
- Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Raghu Radhakrishnan
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Mohit Sharma
- Department of Oral Pathology, Sudha Rustagi College of Dental Sciences & Research, Faridabad, India
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19
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Involvement of Cathepsins in Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses in Periodontitis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:4517587. [PMID: 32328131 PMCID: PMC7150685 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4517587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is an infectious disease whereby the chronic inflammatory process of the periodontium stimulated by bacterial products induces specific host cell responses. The activation of the host cell immune system upregulates the production of inflammatory mediators, comprising cytokines and proteolytic enzymes, which contribute to inflammation and bone destruction. It has been well known that periodontitis is related to systemic inflammation which links to numerous systemic diseases, including diabetes and arteriosclerosis. Furthermore, periodontitis has been reported in association with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the brain. Regarding immune responses and inflammation, cathepsin B (CatB) plays pivotal role for the induction of IL-1β, cathepsin K- (CatK-) dependent active toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) signaling, and cathepsin S (CatS) which involves in regulating both TLR signaling and maturation of the MHC class II complex. Notably, both the production and proteolytic activities of cathepsins are upregulated in chronic inflammatory diseases, including periodontitis. In the present review, we focus on the roles of cathepsins in the innate and adaptive immune responses within periodontitis. We believe that understanding the roles of cathepsins in the immune responses in periodontitis would help to elucidate the therapeutic strategies of periodontitis, thus benefit for reduction of systemic diseases as well as neurodegenerative diseases in the global aging society.
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20
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Pakshir K, Badali H, Nami S, Mirzaei H, Ebrahimzadeh V, Morovati H. Interactions between immune response to fungal infection and microRNAs: The pioneer tuners. Mycoses 2019; 63:4-20. [PMID: 31597205 DOI: 10.1111/myc.13017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Due to their physiological and biological characteristics, numerous fungi are potentially emerging pathogens. Active dynamicity of fungal pathogens causes life-threatening infections annually impose high costs to the health systems. Although immune responses play crucial roles in controlling the fate of fungal infections, immunocompromised patients are at high risk with high mortality. Tuning the immune response against fungal infections might be an effective strategy for controlling and reducing the pathological damages. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known as the master regulators of immune response. These single-stranded tuners (18-23 bp non-coding RNAs) are endogenously expressed by all metazoan eukaryotes and have emerged as the master gene expression controllers of at least 30% human genes. In this review article, following the review of biology and physiology (biogenesis and mechanism of actions) of miRNAs and immune response against fungal infections, the interactions between them were scrutinised. In conclusion, miRNAs might be considered as one of the potential goals in immunotherapy for fungal infections. Undoubtedly, advanced studies in this field, further identifying of miRNA roles in governing the immune response, pave the way for inclusion of miRNA-related immunotherapeutic in the treatment of life-threatening fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyvan Pakshir
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hamid Badali
- Invasive Fungi Research Center, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Fungus Testing Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Sanam Nami
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Veghar Ebrahimzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamid Morovati
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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21
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Wu Y, Xu H, Li Y, Huang D, Chen L, Hu Y, Li L, Zhang D, Huang W. miRNA-344b-1-3p modulates the autophagy of NR8383 cells during Aspergillus fumigatus infection via TLR2. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:139-146. [PMID: 31258647 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy serves a pivotal role in host defense during fungal infections, and the contribution by toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) has been well demonstrated. It has been reported that microRNA-344a-1-3p (miR-344a-1-3p) can directly target TLR2. However, the expression of TLR2 significantly decreases during Aspergillus fumigatus infection. Therefore, the specific role of miR-344a-1-3p in the host defense against A. fumigatus infection remains to be elucidated. In the present study, A. fumigatus infection increased the expression of TLR2 and induced autophagy, which was indicated by increasing expression levels of autophagy-related protein 5 (ATG5), Beclin-1, light chain 3 (LC3)-1 and LC3-II, as measured by western blot analysis, and an increased number of GFP-LC3 puncta, as measured by fluorescence. Following transfection with miR-344a-1-3p mimics and/or TLR2, miR-344b-1-3p significantly inhibited the expression of TLR2, Beclin-1, ATG5, LC3-I and LC3-II, whereas the overexpression of TLR2 significantly attenuated the inhibitory effect on autophagy by miR-344b-1-3p. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that A. fumigatus can be controlled by the induction of autophagy following de-repression of the expression of TLR2, mediated by miR-344a-1-3p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Wu
- Department of Geriatric Respiratory Medicine, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, PLA, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, P.R. China
| | - Hong Xu
- Respiratory Center of PLA, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, PLA, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, P.R. China
| | - Yongqiang Li
- Department of Geriatric Respiratory Medicine, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, PLA, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, P.R. China
| | - Dongwei Huang
- Department of Geriatric Respiratory Medicine, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, PLA, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, P.R. China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Geriatric Respiratory Medicine, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, PLA, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, P.R. China
| | - Yahui Hu
- Department of Geriatric Respiratory Medicine, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, PLA, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, P.R. China
| | - Li Li
- Respiratory Center of PLA, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, PLA, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, P.R. China
| | - Deming Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Respiratory Medicine, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, PLA, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, P.R. China
| | - Wenjie Huang
- Respiratory Center of PLA, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, PLA, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510010, P.R. China
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22
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The microbiota and microbiome in pancreatic cancer: more influential than expected. Mol Cancer 2019; 18:97. [PMID: 31109338 PMCID: PMC6526613 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-019-1008-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbiota is just beginning to be recognized as an important player in carcinogenesis and the interplay among microbes is greater than expected. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly lethal disease for which mortality closely parallels incidence. Early detection would provide the best opportunity to increase survival rates. Specific well-studied oral, gastrointestinal, and intrapancreatic microbes and some kinds of hepatotropic viruses and bactibilia may have potential etiological roles in pancreatic carcinogenesis, or modulating individual responses to oncotherapy. Concrete mechanisms mainly involve perpetuating inflammation, regulating the immune system-microbe-tumor axis, affecting metabolism, and altering the tumor microenvironment. The revolutionary technology of omics has generated insight into cancer microbiomes. A better understanding of the microbiota in PDAC might lead to the establishment of screening or early-stage diagnosis methods, implementation of cancer bacteriotherapy, adjustment of therapeutic efficacy even alleviating the adverse effects, creating new opportunities and fostering hope for desperate PDAC patients.
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23
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Kamity R, Sharma S, Hanna N. MicroRNA-Mediated Control of Inflammation and Tolerance in Pregnancy. Front Immunol 2019; 10:718. [PMID: 31024550 PMCID: PMC6460512 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gestational age-dependent immune intolerance at the maternal-fetal interface might be a contributing factor to placental pathology and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Although the intrauterine setting is highly choreographed and considered to be a protective environment for the fetus, unscheduled inflammation might overwhelm the intrauterine milieu to cause a cascade of events leading to adverse pregnancy outcomes. The old paradigm of a sterile intrauterine microenvironment has been challenged, and altered microflora has been detected in gestational tissues and amniotic fluid in the absence of induction of significant inflammation. Is there a role for endotoxin tolerance at the maternal-fetal interface? Endotoxin tolerance is a phenomenon in which tissues or cells exposed to the bacterial product, particularly lipopolysaccharide, become less responsive to subsequent exposures accompanied by decreased expression of pro-inflammatory mediators. This could also be related to trained or experienced immunity that leads to the successful outcome of subsequent pregnancies. Adaptation to endotoxin tolerance or trained immunity might be critical in preventing rejection of the fetus by the maternal immune system and protecting the fetus from excessive maternal inflammatory responses to infectious agents; however, to date, the exact mechanisms contributing to the establishment and maintenance of tolerance at the maternal-fetal interface remain incompletely understood. There is now extensive evidence suggesting that microRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in the maintenance of a healthy pregnancy. miRNAs not only circulate freely in extracellular fluids but are also packaged within extracellular vesicles (EVs) produced by various cells and tissues. The placenta is a known, abundant, and transient source of EVs; therefore, our proposed model suggests that repeated exposure to infectious agents induces a tolerant phenotype at the maternal-fetal interface mediated by specific miRNAs mostly contained within placental EVs. We hypothesize that impaired endotoxin tolerance or failed trained immunity at the maternal-fetal interface will result in a pathological inflammatory response contributing to early or late pregnancy maladies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjith Kamity
- Women and Children Research Laboratory, Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, NYU Winthrop Hospital, Mineola, NY, United States
| | - Surendra Sharma
- Department of Pediatrics, Women and Infants Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Nazeeh Hanna
- Women and Children Research Laboratory, Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, NYU Winthrop Hospital, Mineola, NY, United States
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24
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Teixeira H, Zhao J, Kinane DF, Benakanakere MR. IFN-β secretion is through TLR3 but not TLR4 in human gingival epithelial cells. Mol Immunol 2019; 111:27-31. [PMID: 30954023 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The oral cavity is home for a plethora of bacteria and viruses. Epithelial barriers encounter these micro-organisms and recognize them via pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) that instigate antibacterial and antiviral responses. We and others have shown that human gingival epithelial cells (HGECs) express PRRs to defend invading pathogens. Among these PRRs, TLR2, TLR3 and TLR4 are highly expressed in HGECs and appear to be important based on our previous findings. IFN-β is one of the major type 1 interferons induced to defend viral attack. In this report, we sought to dissect TLR3 and TLR4 mediated secretion of IFN-β in HGECs. We stimulated HGECs with ultrapure LPS (TLR4 ligand) and Poly I:C (TLR3 ligand) for 24 h and supernatant was used to determine IFN-β secretion. We show that cells treated with Poly I:C induced IFN-β secretion but not cells treated with LPS. In addition, silencing of TLR3 prior to Poly I:C stimulation significantly downregulated IFN-β secretion. On the contrary, overexpression of MD2 and TLR4 in HGECs restored IFN-β secretion. Upon further evaluation, we found that TLR3 stimulation but not TLR4 induced the phosphorylation of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), which is critical for IFN-β secretion. We conclude that IFN-β secretion is through TLR3 and not via TLR4 in HGECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hellen Teixeira
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA 19004, USA
| | - Jiawei Zhao
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA 19004, USA
| | - Denis F Kinane
- Division of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Manjunatha R Benakanakere
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA 19004, USA.
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25
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Alyami HM, Finoti LS, Teixeira HS, Aljefri A, Kinane DF, Benakanakere MR. Role of NOD1/NOD2 receptors in Fusobacterium nucleatum mediated NETosis. Microb Pathog 2019; 131:53-64. [PMID: 30940608 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) are indispensable in fighting infectious microbes by adopting various antimicrobial strategies including phagocytosis and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Although the role and importance of PMNs in periodontal disease are well established, the specific molecular mechanisms involved in NET formation are yet to be characterized. In the present study, we sought to determine the role of periodontal pathogen on NET formation by utilizing Fusobacterium nucleatum. Our data demonstrates that F. nucleatum activates neutrophils and induces robust NETosis in a time-dependent manner via the upregulation of the Nucleotide oligomerization domain 1 (NOD1) and NOD2 receptors. Furthermore, CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of HL-60 cells and the use of ligands/inhibitors confirmed the involvement of NOD1 and NOD2 receptors in F. nucleatum-mediated NET formation. When treated with NOD1 and NOD2 inhibitors, we observed a significant downregulation of peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) activity. In addition, neutrophils showed a significant increase and decrease of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and neutrophil elastase (NE) when treated with NOD1/NOD2 ligands and inhibitors, respectively. Taken together, CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of NOD1/NOD2 HL-60 cells and inhibitors of NOD signaling confirmed the role of NLRs in F. nucleatum-mediated NETosis. Our data demonstrates an important pathway linking NOD1 and NOD2 to NETosis by F. nucleatum, a prominent microbe in periodontal biofilms. This is the first study to elucidate the role of NOD-like receptors in NETosis and their downstream signaling network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanadi M Alyami
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Dentistry Department, King Fahad Medical City, P.O. Box. 59046, Riyadh, 11525, Saudi Arabia
| | - Livia S Finoti
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hellen S Teixeira
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Abdulelah Aljefri
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Denis F Kinane
- Division of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Geneva Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Manjunatha R Benakanakere
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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26
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Yang Z, Li T, Cui Y, Li S, Cheng C, Shen B, Le W. Elevated Plasma microRNA-105-5p Level in Patients With Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease: A Potential Disease Biomarker. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:218. [PMID: 30936821 PMCID: PMC6431626 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, which still lacks a biomarker to aid in diagnosis and to differentiate diagnosis at the early stage of the disease. microRNAs (miRNAs) are small and evolutionary conserved non-coding RNAs that are involved in post-transcriptional gene regulation. Several miRNAs have been proposed as potential biomarkers in several diseases. In the present study, we screened miRNAs using a network vulnerability analysis, to evaluate their potential as PD biomarkers. We first extracted miRNAs that were differentially expressed between PD and healthy controls (HC) samples. Then we constructed the PD-specific miRNA-mRNA network and screened miRNA biomarkers using a new bioinformatics model. With this model, we identified miR-105-5p as a putative biomarker for PD. Moreover, we measured miR-105-5p levels in the plasma of patients with idiopathic PD (IPD) (n = 319), neurological disease controls (NDC, n = 305) and HC (n = 273) using reverse transcription real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Our data clearly demonstrated that the plasma miR-105-5p level in IPD patients was significantly higher than those of HC (251%, p < 0.001) and NDC (347%, p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in miR-105-5p expression between IPD patients with or without anti-PD medications. Interestingly, we found that the plasma miR-105-5p expression level may be able to differentiate IPD from parkinsonian syndrome, essential tremor and other neurodegenerative diseases. We believe that a change in the plasma miR-105-5p level is a potential biomarker for IPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaofei Yang
- Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Tianbai Li
- Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yanhua Cui
- Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,International Education College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Song Li
- Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Bairong Shen
- Institute for Systems Genetics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weidong Le
- Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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27
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Benakanakere MR, Zhao J, Finoti L, Schattner R, Odabas-Yigit M, Kinane DF. MicroRNA-663 antagonizes apoptosis antagonizing transcription factor to induce apoptosis in epithelial cells. Apoptosis 2019; 24:108-118. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-018-01513-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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28
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He R, Li Y, Zhou L, Su X, Li Y, Pan P, Hu C. miR-146b overexpression ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in vivo and in vitro. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:2929-2939. [PMID: 30500983 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a type of acute lung injury (ALI), which causes high morbidity and mortality. So far, effective clinical treatment of ARDS is still limited. Recently, miR-146b has been reported to play a key role in inflammation. In the present study, we evaluated the functional role of miR-146b in ARDS using the murine model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI. The miR-146b expression could be induced by LPS stimulation, and miR-146b overexpression was required in the maintenance of body weight and survival of ALI mice; after miR-146b overexpression, LPS-induced lung injury, pulmonary inflammation, total cell and neutrophil counts, proinflammatory cytokines, and chemokines in bronchial alveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were significantly reduced. The promotive effect of LPS on lung permeability through increasing total protein, albumin and IgM in BAL fluid could be partially reversed by miR-146b overexpression. Moreover, in murine alveolar macrophages, miR-146b overexpression reduced LPS-induced TNF-α and interleukin (IL)-1β releasing. Taken together, we demonstrated that miR-146b overexpression could effectively improve the LPS-induced ALI; miR-146b is a promising target in ARDS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoxi He
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoli Su
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Pinhua Pan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chengping Hu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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29
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Epigenetic regulation of Toll-like receptors and its roles in type 1 diabetes. J Mol Med (Berl) 2018; 96:741-751. [PMID: 30003291 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-018-1660-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The immune system can be divided into adaptive immunity and innate immunity. Adaptive immunity has been confirmed to be involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, including type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, the role of innate immunity in T1D has only been studied recently. T1D is caused by selective autoimmune destruction of pancreatic islet β cells. A series of studies have suggested that TLRs play a critical role in the pathogenesis of T1D. Aberrant TLR signaling will change immune homeostasis and result in immunopathological conditions such as endotoxin shock and autoimmune responses. Thus, TLR signaling pathways are supposed to be strictly and finely regulated. Epigenetics has recently been proven to be a new regulator of TLR expression. DNA methylation, histone modification, and microRNAs are the three main epigenetic modifications. This review will mainly focus on these epigenetic mechanisms of regulation of TLRs and the role of TLRs in the pathogenesis of T1D.
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30
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Zaki H, Gasmelseed N, Abdalla B, Yip S. Association of toll-like receptor 2 polymorphisms with susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis in Sudanese. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmhg.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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31
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Wang X, Ye X, Ji J, Wang J, Xu B, Zhang Q, Ming J, Liu X. MicroRNA‑155 targets myosin light chain kinase to inhibit the migration of human bone marrow‑derived mesenchymal stem cells. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:1585-1592. [PMID: 29901087 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll‑like receptors (TLRs) are expressed in human bone marrow‑derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BM‑MSCs). The activation of TLRs is important in the proliferation, differ-entiation, migration and hematopoiesis‑supporting functions of BM‑MSCs. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in various biological functions by mediating mRNA degradation or inhibiting the translation of target genes. Our previous study confirmed that TLRs regulate the migration ability of BM‑MSCs. It was also identified that multiple miRNAs were regulated by TLRs. In view of this, it was hypothesized that TLR‑regulated miRNAs may be important in regulating the migration of BM‑MSCs. The migration ability of BM‑MSCs was evaluated following transfection of the cells with the mimics or antagonists of miRNA (miR)‑27b, miR‑146a, miR‑155 and miR‑154. miR‑155 significantly inhibited cell migration. Myosin light chain kinase (MYLK) was identified as the direct target of miR‑155 in BM‑MSCs, which was further investigated using the luciferase reporter assay. However, miR‑155 did not affect the expression of upstream proteins of the RhoA pathway controlling the activity of MYLK, suggesting that miR‑155 directly suppressed the expression of MYLK without affecting the RhoA pathway. These results may facilitate the development and clinical use of BM‑MSCs in terms of their migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingbing Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Xu Ye
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Jingjuan Ji
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Bo Xu
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Jing Ming
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230001, P.R. China
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32
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Kriebel K, Hieke C, Engelmann R, Potempa J, Müller-Hilke B, Lang H, Kreikemeyer B. Porphyromonas gingivalis Peptidyl Arginine Deiminase Can Modulate Neutrophil Activity via Infection of Human Dental Stem Cells. J Innate Immun 2018; 10:264-278. [PMID: 29860256 DOI: 10.1159/000489020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis (PD) is a widespread chronic inflammatory disease in the human population. Porphyromonas gingivalis is associated with PD and can citrullinate host proteins via P. gingivalis peptidyl arginine deiminase (PPAD). Here, we hypothesized that infection of human dental follicle stem cells (hDFSCs) with P. gingivalis and subsequent interaction with neutrophils will alter the neutrophil phenotype. To test this hypothesis, we established and analyzed a triple-culture system of neutrophils and hDFSCs primed with P. gingivalis. Mitogen-activated pathway blocking reagents were applied to gain insight into stem cell signaling after infection. Naïve hDFSCs do not influence the neutrophil phenotype. However, infection of hDFSCs with P. gingivalis prolongs the survival of neutrophils and increases their migration. These phenotypic changes depend on direct cellular contacts and PPAD expression by P. gingivalis. Active JNK and ERK pathways in primed hDFSCs are essential for the phenotypic changes in neutrophils. Collectively, our results confirm that P. gingivalis modifies hDFSCs, thereby causing an immune imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Kriebel
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Cathleen Hieke
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Robby Engelmann
- Institute of Immunology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jan Potempa
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Krakow, Poland.,University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Department of Oral Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | | | - Hermann Lang
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Bernd Kreikemeyer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
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miRNAs reshape immunity and inflammatory responses in bacterial infection. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2018; 3:14. [PMID: 29844933 PMCID: PMC5968033 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-018-0006-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic bacteria cause various infections worldwide, especially in immunocompromised and other susceptible individuals, and are also associated with high infant mortality rates in developing countries. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNAs with evolutionarily conserved sequences, are expressed in various tissues and cells that play key part in various physiological and pathologic processes. Increasing evidence implies roles for miRNAs in bacterial infectious diseases by modulating inflammatory responses, cell penetration, tissue remodeling, and innate and adaptive immunity. This review highlights some recent intriguing findings, ranging from the correlation between aberrant expression of miRNAs with bacterial infection progression to their profound impact on host immune responses. Harnessing of dysregulated miRNAs in bacterial infection may be an approach to improving the diagnosis, prevention and therapy of infectious diseases. Changes in production of tiny cellular RNAs in response to bacterial infection could guide the development of better diagnostics and therapies. MicroRNAs regulate other genes by binding to messenger RNA strands and controlling their translation into proteins. Xikun Zhou, Min Wu and colleagues of the University of North Dakota have now reviewed current knowledge about how microRNA levels shift during infection with various bacterial pathogens. These microRNAs can modulate the immune response as well as pathways that influence metabolic activity and cell survival. Increasing studies have indicated that shifts in microRNA levels in response to different infections could provide a potential bacterial ‘fingerprint’ for achieving accurate diagnosis. With deeper insight into how different microRNAs influence infection, it might one day day become possible to target these molecules with ‘antisense’ or ‘agonist’ drugs that modulate their activity.
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Kriebel K, Hieke C, Müller-Hilke B, Nakata M, Kreikemeyer B. Oral Biofilms from Symbiotic to Pathogenic Interactions and Associated Disease -Connection of Periodontitis and Rheumatic Arthritis by Peptidylarginine Deiminase. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:53. [PMID: 29441048 PMCID: PMC5797574 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A wide range of bacterial species are harbored in the oral cavity, with the resulting complex network of interactions between the microbiome and host contributing to physiological as well as pathological conditions at both local and systemic levels. Bacterial communities inhabit the oral cavity as primary niches in a symbiotic manner and form dental biofilm in a stepwise process. However, excessive formation of biofilm in combination with a corresponding deregulated immune response leads to intra-oral diseases, such as dental caries, gingivitis, and periodontitis. Moreover, oral commensal bacteria, which are classified as so-called “pathobionts” according to a now widely accepted terminology, were recently shown to be present in extra-oral lesions with distinct bacterial species found to be involved in the onset of various pathophysiological conditions, including cancer, atherosclerosis, chronic infective endocarditis, and rheumatoid arthritis. The present review focuses on oral pathobionts as commensal and healthy members of oral biofilms that can turn into initiators of disease. We will shed light on the processes involved in dental biofilm formation and also provide an overview of the interactions of P. gingivalis, as one of the most prominent oral pathobionts, with host cells, including epithelial cells, phagocytes, and dental stem cells present in dental tissues. Notably, a previously unknown interaction of P. gingivalis bacteria with human stem cells that has impact on human immune response is discussed. In addition to this very specific interaction, the present review summarizes current knowledge regarding the immunomodulatory effect of P. gingivalis and other oral pathobionts, members of the oral microbiome, that pave the way for systemic and chronic diseases, thereby showing a link between periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Kriebel
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Cathleen Hieke
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Masanobu Nakata
- Department of Oral and Molecular Microbiology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita-Osaka, Japan
| | - Bernd Kreikemeyer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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35
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Memory retrieval in addiction: a role for miR-105-mediated regulation of D1 receptors in mPFC neurons projecting to the basolateral amygdala. BMC Biol 2017; 15:128. [PMID: 29282124 PMCID: PMC5745965 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-017-0467-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Drug addiction is a chronic brain disorder characterized by the compulsive use of drugs. The study of chronic morphine-induced adaptation in the brain and its functional significance is of importance to understand the mechanism of morphine addiction. Previous studies have found a number of chronic morphine-induced adaptive changes at molecular levels in the brain. A study from our lab showed that chronic morphine-induced increases in the expression of D1 receptors at presynaptic terminals coming from other structures to the basolateral amygdala (BLA) played an important role in environmental cue-induced retrieval of morphine withdrawal memory. However, the neurocircuitry where the increased D1 receptors are located and how chronic morphine increases D1 receptor expression in specific neurocircuits remain to be elucidated. Results Our results show that chronic morphine induces a persistent increase in D1 receptor expression in glutamatergic terminals of projection neurons from the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) to the BLA, but has no influence on D1 receptor expression in projection neurons from the hippocampus or the thalamus to the BLA. This adaptation to chronic morphine is mediated by reduced expression of miR-105 in the mPFC, which results in enhanced D1 receptor expression in glutamatergic terminals of projection neurons from the mPFC to the BLA. Ex vivo optogenetic experiments show that a chronic morphine-induced increase in D1 receptor expression in glutamatergic terminals of projection neurons from the mPFC to the BLA results in sensitization of the effect of D1 receptor agonist on presynaptic glutamate release. mPFC to BLA projection neurons are activated by withdrawal-associated environmental cues in morphine-withdrawal rats, and overexpression of miR-105 in the mPFC leads to reduced D1 receptor induction in response to chronic morphine in glutamatergic terminals of the projection neurons from the mPFC to the BLA, and a reduction in place aversion conditioned by morphine withdrawal. Conclusions These results suggest that chronic morphine use induces a persistent increase in D1 receptors in glutamatergic terminals of projection neurons from the mPFC to the BLA via downregulation of miR-105 in the mPFC, and that these adaptive changes contribute to environmental cue-induced retrieval of morphine withdrawal memory. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12915-017-0467-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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36
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Bras JP, Silva AM, Calin GA, Barbosa MA, Santos SG, Almeida MI. miR-195 inhibits macrophages pro-inflammatory profile and impacts the crosstalk with smooth muscle cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188530. [PMID: 29166412 PMCID: PMC5699821 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are a main component of atherosclerotic plaques. Recent studies suggest that pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages are pro-atherogenic while M2 macrophages promote plaque stability. Moreover, toll-like receptor signalling pathways are implicated in atherosclerotic plaque formation, evolution and regression. We propose microRNAs as key regulators of these processes. In this context, our goal is to promote inflammation resolution using miR-195 to reduce M1-like macrophage polarization and to evaluate the molecular mechanisms underlying such effect, as well as to explore the functional consequences for smooth muscle cell recruitment. Human primary macrophages were differentiated from peripheral blood monocytes and stimulated with LPS or IL-10 to promote M1 or M2c polarization, respectively. miR-195 levels were upregulated in M2c macrophages compared with M1 macrophages. In THP-1 macrophages stimulated with LPS and IFN-γ, results show that TLR2 levels were reduced by miR-195 overexpression compared with scrambled control. In addition, phosphorylated forms of p54 JNK, p46 JNK and p38 MAPK were decreased by miR-195 in macrophages following M1 stimulation. Moreover, miR-195 significantly decreased levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α pro-inflammatory cytokines in the supernatants of M1-stimulated macrophage cultures. At the functional level, results from smooth muscle cell recruitment and migration models showed that miR-195 impairs the capacity of M1 macrophages to promote smooth muscle cells migration. In conclusion, miR-195 is involved in macrophage polarization and inhibits TLR2 inflammatory pathway mediators. Moreover, miR-195 impairs the effect of macrophages on smooth muscle cells recruitment capacity and migration profile. Thus, miR-195 might be used as a new potential tool to promote inflammation resolution in cardiovascular research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joao Paulo Bras
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia Machado Silva
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - George A. Calin
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Mario Adolfo Barbosa
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana Gomes Santos
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Ines Almeida
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Abstract
The advent of RNA interference (RNAi) technology has profoundly impacted molecular biology research and medicine but has also advanced the field of skin care. Both effector molecules of RNAi, short-interfering RNA molecules and microRNAs (miRNAs), have been explored for their relative impact and utility for treating a variety of skin conditions. These post-transcriptional RNA regulatory molecules down-modulate protein expression through targeting of the 3' untranslated regions of messenger RNAs, leading to their degradation or repression through sequestration. As researchers hunt for genetic linkages to skin diseases, miRNA regulators have emerged as key players in the biology of keratinocytes, fibroblasts, melanocytes, and other cells of the skin. Herein, we attempt to coalesce the current efforts to combat various skin disorders and diseases through the development of miRNA-based technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Lawrence
- Biocogent, LLC, 25 Health Sciences Drive, Stony Brook, NY 11790 USA
| | - Joseph Ceccoli
- Biocogent, LLC, 25 Health Sciences Drive, Stony Brook, NY 11790 USA
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Ayyar K, Reddy KVR. Transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-β upregulates microRNA, let-7f-1 in human endocervical cells. Am J Reprod Immunol 2017; 78. [PMID: 28921745 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM In endocervical epithelial cells (End1/E6E7), miRNA let-7f plays an important role in the control of innate immunity. The underlying molecular mechanism for let-7f regulation in these cells remains largely unclear. METHODS OF STUDY let-7f was knocked down in End1/E6E7 cells using siRNA, and differential gene expression was analyzed by microarray. Differentially expressed genes were validated by qPCR and Western blot. Expression of let-7f was studied by qPCR after inhibition of C/EBPβ with betulinic acid (BA) and pCMVβ plasmid and after overexpression of C/EBPβ with pCMVβ+ plasmid. ChIP assay was performed to confirm binding of C/EBPβ to let-7f promoter. Levels of Lin28A/B were checked by qPCR after similar treatment. RESULTS let-7f knockdown (KD) affects the expression of many transcription factors (eg, C/EBPβ) which are important regulators of immune responses. We observed let-7f-1 promoter to contain 6 C/EBPβ binding sites. KD of C/EBPβ led to decreased let-7f expression while overexpression of C/EBPβ increased its expression. Treatment of End1/E6E7 cells with TLR-3 ligand, poly(I:C) increased binding of C/EBPβ at binding sites 3, 5, and 6. Expression of Lin28A/B also changed upon inhibition and overexpression of C/EBPβ. Its expression is opposite to that of let-7f in End1/E6E7 cells. CONCLUSION let-7f-1 is a direct target of transcription factor, C/EBPβ in End1/E6E7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchana Ayyar
- Division of Molecular Immunology and Microbiology (MIM), National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (NIRRH), Mumbai, India
| | - Kudumula Venkata Rami Reddy
- Division of Molecular Immunology and Microbiology (MIM), National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (NIRRH), Mumbai, India
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Mulholland EJ, Dunne N, McCarthy HO. MicroRNA as Therapeutic Targets for Chronic Wound Healing. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2017; 8:46-55. [PMID: 28918046 PMCID: PMC5485763 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2017.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Wound healing is a highly complex biological process composed of three overlapping phases: inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. Impairments at any one or more of these stages can lead to compromised healing. MicroRNAs (miRs) are non-coding RNAs that act as post-transcriptional regulators of multiple proteins and associated pathways. Thus, identification of the appropriate miR involved in the different phases of wound healing could reveal an effective third-generation genetic therapy in chronic wound care. Several miRs have been shown to be upregulated or downregulated during the wound healing process. This article examines the biological processes involved in wound healing, the miR involved at each stage, and how expression levels are modulated in the chronic wound environment. Key miRs are highlighted as possible therapeutic targets, either through underexpression or overexpression, and the healing benefits are interrogated. These are prime miR candidates that could be considered as a gene therapy option for patients suffering from chronic wounds. The success of miR as a gene therapy, however, is reliant on the development of an appropriate delivery system that must be designed to overcome both extracellular and intracellular barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eoghan J Mulholland
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University of Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Nicholas Dunne
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University of Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; Centre for Medical Engineering Research, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Stokes Building, Collins Avenue, Dublin 9, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Helen O McCarthy
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University of Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
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Huang Y, Han K, Wang W, Ren Q. Host MicroRNA-217 Promotes White Spot Syndrome Virus Infection by Targeting Tube in the Chinese Mitten Crab ( Eriocheir sinensis). Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:164. [PMID: 28523250 PMCID: PMC5415573 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a group of small molecule non-encoding RNAs, are key post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression that are implicated in many biological processes. In the current study, miR-217 from Eriocheir sinensis was selected for studying its roles during host-virus interaction. Overexpression or silencing of miR-217 led to considerable effects on white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) replication, implying that miR-217 played a positive role in WSSV infection. In insect High Five cells, miR-217 significantly inhibited Tube gene expression by binding to the 3'-untranslated region of the Tube. Overexpression of miR-217 in crab led to downregulation of tube expression. Knockdown of Tube in vivo led to significant enhancement of WSSV infection and inhibited the expression of five antimicrobial peptide (AMP) genes (Anti-lipopolysaccharide factor ALF1, ALF2, ALF3; Crustin Crus1, Crus2) in WSSV-challenged crabs. Overexpression of miR-217 also led to downregulation of these AMP genes in WSSV-challenged crabs. Our results showed that host miRNA played positive roles in virus infection by regulation of host tube gene, which is the key component of Toll signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Keke Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Qian Ren
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Aquatic Crustacean Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing, China.,Co-Innovation Center for Marine Bio-Industry Technology of Jiangsu ProvinceLianyungang, China
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Li Y, Li S, Li R, Xu J, Jin P, Chen L, Ma F. Genome-wide miRNA screening reveals miR-310 family members negatively regulate the immune response in Drosophila melanogaster via co-targeting Drosomycin. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 68:34-45. [PMID: 27871832 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Although innate immunity mediated by Toll signaling has been extensively studied in Drosophila melanogaster, the role of miRNAs in regulating the Toll-mediated immune response remains largely unknown. In this study, following Gram-positive bacterial challenge, we identified 93 differentially expressed miRNAs via genome-wide miRNA screening. These miRNAs were regarded as immune response related (IRR). Eight miRNAs were confirmed to be involved in the Toll-mediated immune response upon Gram-positive bacterial infection through genetic screening of 41 UAS-miRNA lines covering 60 miRNAs of the 93 IRR miRNAs. Interestingly, four out of these eight miRNAs, miR-310, miR-311, miR-312 and miR-313, are clustered miRNAs and belong to the miR-310 family. These miR-310 family members were shown to target and regulate the expression of Drosomycin, an antimicrobial peptide produced by Toll signaling. Taken together, our study implies important regulatory roles of miRNAs in the Toll-mediated innate immune response of Drosophila upon Gram-positive bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Li
- Laboratory for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Shengjie Li
- Laboratory for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Ruimin Li
- Laboratory for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Jiao Xu
- Laboratory for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Ping Jin
- Laboratory for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Liming Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Fei Ma
- Laboratory for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, China.
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Identification and Characterization of MicroRNA Differentially Expressed in Macrophages Exposed to Porphyromonas gingivalis Infection. Infect Immun 2017; 85:IAI.00771-16. [PMID: 28069815 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00771-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, noncoding RNAs involved in the regulation of several processes associated with inflammatory diseases and infection. Bacterial infection modulates miRNA expression to subvert any innate immune response. In this study we analyzed, using microarray analysis, the bacterial modulation of miRNAs in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) in which activity was induced by infection with Porphyromonas gingivalis The expression of several miRNAs was modulated 3 h postinfection (at a multiplicity of infection of 25). A bioinformatic analysis was performed to further identify pathways related to the innate immune host response under the influence of selected miRNAs. To assess the effects of the miRNAs identified on cytokine secretion (tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α] and interleukin-10 [IL-10]), BMMs were transfected with selected miRNA mimics and inhibitors. Transfection with mmu-miR-155 and mmu-miR-2137 did not modify TNF-α secretion, while their inhibitors increased it. Inhibitors of mmu-miR-2137 and mmu-miR-7674 increased the secretion of the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10. In P. gingivalis-infected BMMs, mmu-miR-155-5p significantly decreased TNF-α secretion while inhibitor of mmu-miR-2137 increased IL-10 secretion. In vivo, in a mouse model of P. gingivalis-induced calvarial bone resorption, injection of mmu-miR-155-5p or anti-mmu-miR-2137 reduced the size of the lesion significantly. Furthermore, anti-mmu-miR-2137 significantly reduced inflammatory cell infiltration, osteoclast activity, and bone loss. Bioinformatic analysis demonstrated that pathways related to cytokine- and chemokine-related pathways but also osteoclast differentiation may be involved in the effects observed. This study contributes further to our understanding of P. gingivalis-induced modulation of miRNAs and their physiological effects. It highlights the potential therapeutic merits of targeting mmu-miR-155-5p and mmu-miR-2137 to control inflammation induced by P. gingivalis infection.
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Xu H, Wu Y, Li L, Yuan W, Zhang D, Yan Q, Guo Z, Huang W. MiR-344b-1-3p targets TLR2 and negatively regulates TLR2 signaling pathway. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2017; 12:627-638. [PMID: 28243080 PMCID: PMC5317246 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s120415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives COPD is an abnormal inflammatory response characterized by decreased expression of TLR2 in patients, which is suggested to induce invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to play important roles in the pathogenesis of human respiratory system disorders. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the miRNAs involved in the regulation of TLR2 signaling in COPD. Materials and methods miRNA microarray analysis was performed to screen for the dysregulated miRNAs in alveolar macrophages (AMs) isolated from COPD rats. The interaction between these miRNAs and TLR2 gene was predicted using miRBase and validated using dual luciferase assay. Based on the analysis, a novel miR-344b-1-3p was identified as a novel modulator of TLR2 gene. Then, the mechanism through which miR-344b-1-3p regulated TLR2 expression was explored using cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-pretreated NR8383 cells. Moreover, by subjecting CSE-pretreated NR8383 cells to Pam3CSK4, the effect of miR-344b-1-3p on NF-κB activity and other important mediators of COPD, including IRAK-1, ERK, TNF-α, IL-1β, and MIP-2, was also assessed. Results COPD rat model was successfully induced by smoke inhalation. Among the 11 upregulated miRNAs in AMs from COPD rats, miR-344b-1-3p was predicted to be a novel miRNA targeting TLR2 gene. In the CSE pretreated NR8383 cells exposed to Pam3CSK4, miR-344b-1-3p inhibition increased the expression levels of TLR2, TNF-α, and IL-1β and decreased the expression levels of MIP-2. In addition, the phosphorylation of IRAK-1, IκBα, and IRK was augmented by miR-344b-1-3p inhibition. Conclusion Findings outlined in this study suggest that miR-344b-1-3p was an effective modulator of TLR2 gene, which can be employed as a promising therapeutic and preventive target of IPA in COPD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatric Infection and Organ Function Support; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Geriatric Infection and Organ Function Support
| | - Yuting Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatric Infection and Organ Function Support; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Geriatric Infection and Organ Function Support; Department of Geriatric Respiratory Medicine, General Hospital of Guangzhou Command of PLA, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatric Infection and Organ Function Support; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Geriatric Infection and Organ Function Support
| | - Weifeng Yuan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatric Infection and Organ Function Support; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Geriatric Infection and Organ Function Support
| | - Deming Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatric Infection and Organ Function Support; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Geriatric Infection and Organ Function Support; Department of Geriatric Respiratory Medicine, General Hospital of Guangzhou Command of PLA, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qitao Yan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatric Infection and Organ Function Support; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Geriatric Infection and Organ Function Support
| | - Zhenhui Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatric Infection and Organ Function Support; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Geriatric Infection and Organ Function Support
| | - Wenjie Huang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Geriatric Infection and Organ Function Support; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Geriatric Infection and Organ Function Support
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Chu Q, Sun Y, Bi D, Cui J, Xu T. Up-regulated of miR-8159-5p and miR-217-5p by LPS stimulation negatively co-regulate TLR1 in miiuy croaker. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 67:117-125. [PMID: 27832948 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a group of pattern-recognition receptors which play vital roles in ligand recognition and activation of the innate immune response. As an important member of TLRs family, TLR1 is mainly responsible for PAMPs from bacteria and play a pivotal role in sensing microbial products. Recent studies revealed that TLR1 could perceive LPS stimulation and transfer signals to activate the NF-κB pathway, whereas ligands and signaling pathway of TLR1 are still unclear in fish. Growing evidence has shown that miRNAs (microRNAs) play as negative regulators in controlling the diverse of biophysical and biochemical processes at the post-transcriptional level. In this study, we used a combination of bioinformatics and experimental techniques to exhibit that both miR-8159-5p and miR-217-5p were the direct negative regulators of TLR1 in miiuy croaker. Furthermore, dual-luciferase reporter assays showed that combining miR-8159-5p and miR-217-5p exhibited a greater negative regulatory effect on TLR1 than only miR-8159-5p or miR-217-5p. Additionally, we also demonstrated that the expression of both the two miRNAs could be up-regulated by LPS stimulation in either LPS-stimulation spleen tissue or LPS-treated cultured macrophage, which indicating that miR-8159-5p and miR-217-5p could be induced by LPS and may be as the negative regulators of TLR1 involved in the immune response to LPS stimulation. These results would enhance our understanding of the miRNA regulation in fish TLR signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Chu
- Laboratory of Fish Biogenetics & Immune Evolution, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Yuena Sun
- Laboratory of Fish Biogenetics & Immune Evolution, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Dekun Bi
- Laboratory of Fish Biogenetics & Immune Evolution, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Junxia Cui
- Laboratory of Fish Biogenetics & Immune Evolution, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China
| | - Tianjun Xu
- Laboratory of Fish Biogenetics & Immune Evolution, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316022, China.
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Bi D, Cui J, Chu Q, Xu T. MicroRNA-21 contributes to suppress cytokines production by targeting TLR28 in teleost fish. Mol Immunol 2017; 83:107-114. [PMID: 28129531 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) as important pattern recognition receptors, play critical roles in identifying pathogens and activating the immune response. However, when the dysregulation was occurred in this process, it could lead to excessive immune response, so it need many regulatory factors to control this process. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to act as an important regulator in TLRs signaling pathway. As a member of TLRs family, TLR28 has been newly discovered in teleost fish, and play an important role in the immune response. In this study, we found that the expression of miR-21 was up-regulated after poly(I:C) stimulation, and miR-21 could inhibit the expression of cytokines. Then we predicted the target genes of miR-21, and found that TLR28 is a direct target of miR-21, which could be significantly down-regulated by both miR-21 mimics and pre-miR-21. These results suggested that miR-21 can inhibit the expression of cytokines by negative regulation of TLR28, thereby inhibiting the generation of excessive immunity and maintaining the balance of the body. This study is the first to demonstrate that miRNA can suppresses cytokines by regulating the TLR signaling pathway in teleost fish, and also can provides some new ideas for the research of the regulation of miRNA and immune system in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dekun Bi
- Laboratory of Fish Biogenetics & Immune Evolution, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Junxia Cui
- Laboratory of Fish Biogenetics & Immune Evolution, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Qing Chu
- Laboratory of Fish Biogenetics & Immune Evolution, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Tianjun Xu
- Laboratory of Fish Biogenetics & Immune Evolution, College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China.
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Kajiwara K, Takata S, To TT, Takara K, Hatakeyama Y, Tamaoki S, Darveau RP, Ishikawa H, Sawa Y. The promotion of nephropathy by Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide via toll-like receptors. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2017; 9:73. [PMID: 29018490 PMCID: PMC5610442 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-017-0271-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, we reported that toll-like receptor (TLR)2 and TLR4 localized on the glomerular endothelium in the glomeruli of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetic mice and high fat diet feed-induced type 2 diabetic mice, and that periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis LPS (Pg-LPS) administration lowered the survival rate of diabetic mice. The present study aims to examine the effect of TLR4 blocking on the suppression of Pg-LPS-induced diabetic nephropathy. METHODS The survival rate and morphological/biochemical features for streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice with Pg-LPS and TLR4 blocker eritoran administration were investigated by reporter gene assay, urine and blood analysis, immunohistochemistry, and real time-PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS All of the diabetic mice administered Pg-LPS were euthanized within the survival period of almost all of the diabetic mice. The blood urea nitrogen and creatinine, expression of TLR2 and TGF-b, and type 1 collagen accumulation, in the diabetic mice increased significantly with the Pg-LPS administration. In spite of the limited TLR4 activation with Pg-LPS, the TLR4 blocker eritoran decreased blood urea nitrogen and creatinine, and raised the survival rate of the Pg-LPS-administered diabetic mice slightly. The high expression levels of TLR2, TGF-b, and type 1 collagen in Pg-LPS-administered diabetic mice decreased with eritoran. Nuclear STAT3 which enhances TLR2 expression was detected in the TLR2-expressing glomeruli of diabetic mice. The TLR2 and STAT3 gene expression increased by the Pg-LPS administration but decreased with eritoran. These may suggest that Pg-LPS-induced diabetic nephropathy is mainly dependent on TLR2 signaling on glomerular endothelial cells, and that TLR4 blocker eritoran may play a role to slow the progress of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Kajiwara
- Department of Oral Growth & Development, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0193 Japan
| | - Shunsuke Takata
- Department of Oral Growth & Development, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0193 Japan
| | - Thao T. To
- Department of Periodontics, University of Washington School of Dentistry, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Kenyo Takara
- Department of Oral Growth & Development, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0193 Japan
| | - Yuji Hatakeyama
- Department of Morphological Biology, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0193 Japan
| | - Sachio Tamaoki
- Department of Oral Growth & Development, Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0193 Japan
| | - Richard Peters Darveau
- Department of Periodontics & Microbiology, University of Washington School of Dentistry, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Hiroyuki Ishikawa
- Fukuoka Dental College, 2-15-1 Tamura, Sawara-ku, Fukuoka, 814-0193 Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Sawa
- Department of Oral Function & Anatomy, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-0914 Japan
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Li S, Li Y, Shen L, Jin P, Chen L, Ma F. miR-958 inhibits Toll signaling and Drosomycin expression via direct targeting of Toll and Dif in Drosophila melanogaster. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2016; 312:C103-C110. [PMID: 27974298 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00251.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Drosophila melanogaster is widely used as a model system to study innate immunity and signaling pathways related to innate immunity, including the Toll signaling pathway. Although this pathway is well studied, the precise mechanisms of posttranscriptional regulation of key components of the Toll signaling pathway by microRNAs (miRNAs) remain obscure. In this study, we used an in silico strategy in combination with the Gal80ts-Gal4 driver system to identify microRNA-958 (miR-958) as a candidate Toll pathway regulating miRNA in Drosophila We report that overexpression of miR-958 significantly reduces the expression of Drosomycin, a key antimicrobial peptide involved in Toll signaling and the innate immune response. We further demonstrate in vitro and in vivo that miR-958 targets the Toll and Dif genes, key components of the Toll signaling pathway, to negatively regulate Drosomycin expression. In addition, a miR-958 sponge rescued the expression of Toll and Dif, resulting in increased expression of Drosomycin. These results, not only revealed a novel function and modulation pattern of miR-958, but also provided a new insight into the underlying molecular mechanisms of Toll signaling in regulation of innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Li
- Laboratory for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China; and
| | - Yao Li
- Laboratory for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China; and
| | - Li Shen
- Laboratory for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China; and
| | - Ping Jin
- Laboratory for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China; and
| | - Liming Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fei Ma
- Laboratory for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China; and
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Irwandi RA, Vacharaksa A. The role of microRNA in periodontal tissue: A review of the literature. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 72:66-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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MicroRNAs Regulate Cytokine Responses in Gingival Epithelial Cells. Infect Immun 2016; 84:3282-3289. [PMID: 27600506 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00263-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been established as key regulators of various biological processes with possible involvement in the pathobiology of periodontal disease. Expanding our earlier observations of substantial differential expression of specific miRNAs between clinically healthy and periodontitis-affected gingival tissues, we used miRNA inhibitors (sponges) in loss-of-function experiments to investigate the involvement of specific miRNAs in the response of pocket epithelium-derived, telomerase-immortalized human gingival keratinocytes (TIGKs) to microbial infection. We constructed stable knockdown (KD) cell lines for five epithelium-expressed miRNAs (miR-126, miR-141, miR-155, miR-210, and miR-1246) and assessed their response to infection with periodontal pathogens using microarray analysis, quantitative PCR (qPCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and Western blot assay. miR-126 KD cells showed lower expression of interleukin 8 (IL-8) and CXCL1, both on the mRNA and protein levels, than did controls upon stimulation by heat-killed wild-type Porphyromonas gingivalis, live P. gingivalis protease-deficient mutant KDP128, and live Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans In contrast, infection of miR-155 KD and miR-210 KD cells with the same organisms resulted in higher IL-8 and CXCL1 mRNA and protein expression. These effects appeared to be regulated by NF-κB, as suggested by altered transcription and/or phosphorylation status of components of the NF-κB system. Reduced neutrophil-like HL-60 cell chemotactic activity was observed in response to infection of miR-126 KD cells, indicating that miR-126 plays an important role in immune responses. Our findings indicate that specific miRNAs regulate the expression of inflammatory cytokines in human gingival epithelial cells in response to microbial infection.
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Hu Y, Liu JP, Zhu Y, Lu NH. The Importance of Toll-like Receptors in NF-κB Signaling Pathway Activation by Helicobacter pylori Infection and the Regulators of this Response. Helicobacter 2016; 21:428-40. [PMID: 26763943 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a common pathogenic bacterium in the stomach that infects almost half of the population worldwide and is closely related to gastric diseases and some extragastric diseases, including iron-deficiency anemia and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Both the Maastricht IV/Florence consensus report and the Kyoto global consensus report have proposed the eradication of H. pylori to prevent gastric cancer as H.pylori has been shown to be a major cause of gastric carcinogenesis. The interactions between H. pylori and host receptors induce the release of the proinflammatory cytokines by activating proinflammatory signaling pathways such as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), which plays a central role in inflammation, immune response, and carcinogenesis. Among these receptors, Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are classical pattern recognition receptors in the recognition of H. pylori and the mediation of the host inflammatory and immune responses to H. pylori. TLR polymorphisms also contribute to the clinical consequences of H. pylori infection. In this review, we focus on the functions of TLRs in the NF-κB signaling pathway activated by H. pylori, the regulators modulating this response, and the functions of TLR polymorphisms in H.pylori-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jian-Ping Liu
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Yin Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
| | - Nong-Hua Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
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