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Barré-Villeneuve C, Azevedo-Favory J. R-Methylation in Plants: A Key Regulator of Plant Development and Response to the Environment. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9937. [PMID: 39337424 PMCID: PMC11432338 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25189937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2024] [Revised: 09/11/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Although arginine methylation (R-methylation) is one of the most important post-translational modifications (PTMs) conserved in eukaryotes, it has not been studied to the same extent as phosphorylation and ubiquitylation. Technical constraints, which are in the process of being resolved, may partly explain this lack of success. Our knowledge of R-methylation has recently evolved considerably, particularly in metazoans, where misregulation of the enzymes that deposit this PTM is implicated in several diseases and cancers. Indeed, the roles of R-methylation have been highlighted through the analyses of the main actors of this pathway: the PRMT writer enzymes, the TUDOR reader proteins, and potential "eraser" enzymes. In contrast, R-methylation has been much less studied in plants. Even so, it has been shown that R-methylation in plants, as in animals, regulates housekeeping processes such as transcription, RNA silencing, splicing, ribosome biogenesis, and DNA damage. R-methylation has recently been highlighted in the regulation of membrane-free organelles in animals, but this role has not yet been demonstrated in plants. The identified R-met targets modulate key biological processes such as flowering, shoot and root development, and responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. Finally, arginine demethylases activity has mostly been identified in vitro, so further studies are needed to unravel the mechanism of arginine demethylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Barré-Villeneuve
- Crop Biotechnics, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven Plant Institute (LPI), KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jacinthe Azevedo-Favory
- CNRS, Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR 5096, 66860 Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, Université Perpignan Via Domitia, UMR 5096, 66860 Perpignan, France
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2
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Martinez S, Sentis S, Poulard C, Trédan O, Le Romancer M. Role of PRMT1 and PRMT5 in Breast Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8854. [PMID: 39201539 PMCID: PMC11354362 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in women worldwide. Early-stage breast cancer is curable in ~70-80% of patients, while advanced metastatic breast cancer is considered incurable with current therapies. Breast cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease categorized into three main subtypes based on key markers orientating specific treatment strategies for each subtype. The complexity of breast carcinogenesis is often associated with epigenetic modification regulating different signaling pathways, involved in breast tumor initiation and progression, particularly by the methylation of arginine residues. Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMT1-9) have emerged, through their ability to methylate histones and non-histone substrates, as essential regulators of cancers. Here, we present an updated overview of the mechanisms by which PRMT1 and PRMT5, two major members of the PRMT family, control important signaling pathways impacting breast tumorigenesis, highlighting them as putative therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Martinez
- Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69000 Lyon, France
- CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69000 Lyon, France
| | - Stéphanie Sentis
- Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69000 Lyon, France
- CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69000 Lyon, France
| | - Coralie Poulard
- Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69000 Lyon, France
- CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69000 Lyon, France
| | - Olivier Trédan
- Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69000 Lyon, France
- CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69000 Lyon, France
- Oncology Department, Centre Leon Bérard, F-69008 Lyon, France
| | - Muriel Le Romancer
- Inserm U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69000 Lyon, France
- CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69000 Lyon, France
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3
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DeAngelo JD, Maron MI, Roth JS, Silverstein AM, Gupta V, Stransky S, Basken J, Azofeifa J, Sidoli S, Gamble MJ, Shechter D. Productive mRNA Chromatin Escape is Promoted by PRMT5 Methylation of SNRPB. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.09.607355. [PMID: 39149374 PMCID: PMC11326253 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.09.607355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) regulates RNA splicing and transcription by symmetric dimethylation of arginine residues (Rme2s/SDMA) in many RNA binding proteins. However, the mechanism by which PRMT5 couples splicing to transcriptional output is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that a major function of PRMT5 activity is to promote chromatin escape of a novel, large class of mRNAs that we term Genomically Retained Incompletely Processed Polyadenylated Transcripts (GRIPPs). Using nascent and total transcriptomics, spike-in controlled fractionated cell transcriptomics, and total and fractionated cell proteomics, we show that PRMT5 inhibition and knockdown of the PRMT5 SNRP (Sm protein) adapter protein pICln (CLNS1A) -but not type I PRMT inhibition-leads to gross detention of mRNA, SNRPB, and SNRPD3 proteins on chromatin. Compared to most transcripts, these chromatin-trapped polyadenylated RNA transcripts have more introns, are spliced slower, and are enriched in detained introns. Using a combination of PRMT5 inhibition and inducible isogenic wildtype and arginine-mutant SNRPB, we show that arginine methylation of these snRNPs is critical for mediating their homeostatic chromatin and RNA interactions. Overall, we conclude that a major role for PRMT5 is in controlling transcript processing and splicing completion to promote chromatin escape and subsequent nuclear export.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph D. DeAngelo
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
- Contributed equally
| | - Maxim I. Maron
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
- Contributed equally
- Current address: Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY 10065
| | - Jacob S. Roth
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Aliza M. Silverstein
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Varun Gupta
- Department of Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Stephanie Stransky
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Joel Basken
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
- Current address: Enveda Biosciences, Boulder, Colorado, 80301, United States
| | - Joey Azofeifa
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Simone Sidoli
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - Matthew J. Gamble
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
| | - David Shechter
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461
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4
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Duan S, Yang Q, Wu F, Li Z, Hong W, Cao M, Chen X, Zhong X, Zhou Q, Zhao H. Maternal methylosome protein 50 is essential for embryonic development in medaka Oryzias latipes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART A, ECOLOGICAL AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 341:798-810. [PMID: 38654580 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Methylosome protein 50 (Mep50) is a protein that is rich in WD40 domains, which mediate and regulate a variety of physiological processes in organisms. Previous studies indicated the necessity of Mep50 in embryogenesis in mice Mus musculus and fish. This study aimed to further understand the roles of maternal Mep50 in early embryogenesis using medaka Oryzias latipes as a model. Without maternal Mep50, medaka zygotes developed to the pre-early gastrula stage but died later. The transcriptome of the embryos at the pre-early gastrula stage was analyzed by RNA sequencing. The results indicated that 1572 genes were significantly upregulated and 741 genes were significantly downregulated in the embryos without maternal Mep50. In the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), the DNA-binding proteins, such as histones and members of the small chromosome maintenance complex, were enriched. The major interfered regulatory networks in the embryos losing maternal Mep50 included DNA replication and cell cycle regulation, AP-1 transcription factors such as Jun and Fos, the Wnt pathway, RNA processing, and the extracellular matrix. Quantitative RT-PCR verified 16 DEGs, including prmt5, H2A, cpsf, jun, mcm4, myc, p21, ccne2, cdk6, and col1, among others. It was speculated that the absence of maternal Mep50 could potentially lead to errors in DNA replication and cell cycle arrest, ultimately resulting in cell apoptosis. This eventually resulted in the failure of gastrulation and embryonic death. The results indicate the importance of maternal Mep50 in early embryonic development, particularly in medaka fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Duan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenyu Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wentao Hong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengxi Cao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinhua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xueping Zhong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingchun Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haobin Zhao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, China
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5
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Yao Q, Yang Q, Li Z, Wu F, Duan S, Cao M, Chen X, Zhong X, Zhou Q, Zhao H. Methylosome protein 50 is necessary for oogenesis in medaka. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2024; 50:101220. [PMID: 38432104 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Methylosome protein 50 (Mep50) functions as a partner to protein arginine methyltransferase 5. MEP50 serves as a coactivator for both the androgen receptor and estrogen receptor in humans. Mep50 plays a crucial role in the development of germ cells in Drosophila. The precise role of Mep50 in oogenesis remains unclear in vertebrates. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of Mep50 in oogenesis in medaka fish. Disruption of Mep50 resulted in impaired oogenesis and the formation of multiple oocyte follicles in medaka. RNA-seq analysis revealed significant differential gene expression in the mutant ovary, with 4542 genes up-regulated and 1264 genes down-regulated. The regulated genes were found to be enriched in cellular matrices and ECM-receptor interaction, the Notch signaling pathway, the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, the MAPK signaling pathway, the Hippo signaling pathway, and the Jak-Stat pathway, among others. In addition, the genes related to the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis, steroid metabolism, and IGF system were impacted. Furthermore, the mutation of mep50 caused significant alterations in alternative splicing of pre-mRNA in ovarian cells. Quantitative RT-PCR results validated the findings from RNA-seq analysis in the specific genes, including akt2, map3k5, yap1, fshr, cyp17a, igf1, ythdc2, cdk6, and col1, among others. The findings of this study demonstrate that Mep50 plays a crucial role in oogenesis, participating in a diverse range of biological processes such as steroid metabolism, cell matrix regulation, and signal pathways. This may be achieved through the regulation of gene expression via mRNA splicing in medaka ovarian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiting Yao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Zhenyu Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Shi Duan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Mengxi Cao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Environmental and Health Effects of Persistent Toxic Substances, School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Xinhua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, College of Marine Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xueping Zhong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Qingchun Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Haobin Zhao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China.
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6
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Yang XC, Desotell A, Lin MH, Paige AS, Malinowska A, Sun Y, Aik WS, Dadlez M, Tong L, Dominski Z. In vitro methylation of the U7 snRNP subunits Lsm11 and SmE by the PRMT5/MEP50/pICln methylosome. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 29:1673-1690. [PMID: 37562960 PMCID: PMC10578488 DOI: 10.1261/rna.079709.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
U7 snRNP is a multisubunit endonuclease required for 3' end processing of metazoan replication-dependent histone pre-mRNAs. In contrast to the spliceosomal snRNPs, U7 snRNP lacks the Sm subunits D1 and D2 and instead contains two related proteins, Lsm10 and Lsm11. The remaining five subunits of the U7 heptameric Sm ring, SmE, F, G, B, and D3, are shared with the spliceosomal snRNPs. The pathway that assembles the unique ring of U7 snRNP is unknown. Here, we show that a heterodimer of Lsm10 and Lsm11 tightly interacts with the methylosome, a complex of the arginine methyltransferase PRMT5, MEP50, and pICln known to methylate arginines in the carboxy-terminal regions of the Sm proteins B, D1, and D3 during the spliceosomal Sm ring assembly. Both biochemical and cryo-EM structural studies demonstrate that the interaction is mediated by PRMT5, which binds and methylates two arginine residues in the amino-terminal region of Lsm11. Surprisingly, PRMT5 also methylates an amino-terminal arginine in SmE, a subunit that does not undergo this type of modification during the biogenesis of the spliceosomal snRNPs. An intriguing possibility is that the unique methylation pattern of Lsm11 and SmE plays a vital role in the assembly of the U7 snRNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Cui Yang
- Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Anthony Desotell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Min-Han Lin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Andrew S Paige
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Agata Malinowska
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Yadong Sun
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Wei Shen Aik
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Michał Dadlez
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Warsaw University, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Liang Tong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Zbigniew Dominski
- Integrative Program for Biological and Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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7
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Zheng J, Li B, Wu Y, Wu X, Wang Y. Targeting Arginine Methyltransferase PRMT5 for Cancer Therapy: Updated Progress and Novel Strategies. J Med Chem 2023. [PMID: 37366223 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
As a predominant type II protein arginine methyltransferase, PRMT5 plays critical roles in various normal cellular processes by catalyzing the mono- and symmetrical dimethylation of a wide range of histone and nonhistone substrates. Clinical studies have revealed that high expression of PRMT5 is observed in different solid tumors and hematological malignancies and is closely associated with cancer initiation and progression. Accordingly, PRMT5 is becoming a promising anticancer target and has received great attention in both the pharmaceutical industry and the academic community. In this Perspective, we comprehensively summarize recent advances in the development of first-generation PRMT5 enzymatic inhibitors and highlight novel strategies targeting PRMT5 in the past 5 years. We also discuss the challenges and opportunities of PRMT5 inhibition, with the aim of shedding light on future PRMT5 drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahong Zheng
- Balance-Based Drug Discovery Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Bang Li
- Balance-Based Drug Discovery Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yingqi Wu
- Balance-Based Drug Discovery Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Wu
- Balance-Based Drug Discovery Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuanxiang Wang
- Balance-Based Drug Discovery Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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8
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Yang XC, Desotell A, Lin MH, Paige AS, Malinowska A, Sun Y, Aik WS, Dadlez M, Tong L, Dominski Z. In vitro methylation of the U7 snRNP subunits Lsm11 and SmE by the PRMT5/MEP50/pICln methylosome. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.10.540203. [PMID: 37215023 PMCID: PMC10197641 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.10.540203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
U7 snRNP is a multi-subunit endonuclease required for 3' end processing of metazoan replication-dependent histone pre-mRNAs. In contrast to the spliceosomal snRNPs, U7 snRNP lacks the Sm subunits D1 and D2 and instead contains two related proteins, Lsm10 and Lsm11. The remaining five subunits of the U7 heptameric Sm ring, SmE, F, G, B and D3, are shared with the spliceosomal snRNPs. The pathway that assembles the unique ring of U7 snRNP is unknown. Here, we show that a heterodimer of Lsm10 and Lsm11 tightly interacts with the methylosome, a complex of the arginine methyltransferase PRMT5, MEP50 and pICln known to methylate arginines in the C-terminal regions of the Sm proteins B, D1 and D3 during the spliceosomal Sm ring assembly. Both biochemical and Cryo-EM structural studies demonstrate that the interaction is mediated by PRMT5, which binds and methylates two arginine residues in the N-terminal region of Lsm11. Surprisingly, PRMT5 also methylates an N-terminal arginine in SmE, a subunit that does not undergo this type of modification during the biogenesis of the spliceosomal snRNPs. An intriguing possibility is that the unique methylation pattern of Lsm11 and SmE plays a vital role in the assembly of the U7 snRNP.
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9
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Mateos JL, Sanchez SE, Legris M, Esteve-Bruna D, Torchio JC, Petrillo E, Goretti D, Blanco-Touriñán N, Seymour DK, Schmid M, Weigel D, Alabadí D, Yanovsky MJ. PICLN modulates alternative splicing and light/temperature responses in plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:1036-1051. [PMID: 36423226 PMCID: PMC9922395 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Plants undergo transcriptome reprograming to adapt to daily and seasonal fluctuations in light and temperature conditions. While most efforts have focused on the role of master transcription factors, the importance of splicing factors modulating these processes is now emerging. Efficient pre-mRNA splicing depends on proper spliceosome assembly, which in plants and animals requires the methylosome complex. Ion Chloride nucleotide-sensitive protein (PICLN) is part of the methylosome complex in both humans and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), and we show here that the human PICLN ortholog rescues phenotypes of Arabidopsis picln mutants. Altered photomorphogenic and photoperiodic responses in Arabidopsis picln mutants are associated with changes in pre-mRNA splicing that partially overlap with those in PROTEIN ARGININE METHYL TRANSFERASE5 (prmt5) mutants. Mammalian PICLN also acts in concert with the Survival Motor Neuron (SMN) complex component GEMIN2 to modulate the late steps of UsnRNP assembly, and many alternative splicing events regulated by PICLN but not PRMT5, the main protein of the methylosome, are controlled by Arabidopsis GEMIN2. As with GEMIN2 and SM PROTEIN E1/PORCUPINE (SME1/PCP), low temperature, which increases PICLN expression, aggravates morphological and molecular defects of picln mutants. Taken together, these results establish a key role for PICLN in the regulation of pre-mRNA splicing and in mediating plant adaptation to daily and seasonal fluctuations in environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julieta L Mateos
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires–Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE-UBA-CONICET) and Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
- RNA Biology and Molecular Physiology, Faculty of Biology, Bielefeld University, Biele-feld 33615, Germany
| | - Sabrina E Sanchez
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires–Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina
| | - Martina Legris
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires–Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - David Esteve-Bruna
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (CSIC-Universidad Politecnica de Valencia), Valencia 46022, Spain
| | - Jeanette C Torchio
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires–Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina
| | - Ezequiel Petrillo
- Instituto de Fisiología, Biología Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE-UBA-CONICET) and Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Buenos Aires C1428EHA, Argentina
| | - Daniela Goretti
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umea Plant Science Centre, Umea University, Umea SE-901 87, Sweden
| | - Noel Blanco-Touriñán
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (CSIC-Universidad Politecnica de Valencia), Valencia 46022, Spain
| | - Danelle K Seymour
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Markus Schmid
- Department of Plant Physiology, Umea Plant Science Centre, Umea University, Umea SE-901 87, Sweden
| | - Detlef Weigel
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biology Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - David Alabadí
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (CSIC-Universidad Politecnica de Valencia), Valencia 46022, Spain
| | - Marcelo J Yanovsky
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires–Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina
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10
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Krzyzanowski A, Esser LM, Willaume A, Prudent R, Peter C, ‘t Hart P, Waldmann H. Development of Macrocyclic PRMT5-Adaptor Protein Interaction Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2022; 65:15300-15311. [PMID: 36378254 PMCID: PMC9706563 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The PRMT5-MEP50 methyltransferase is a major target for anticancer drug discovery, and modulators of its interactions with different regulatory proteins are in high demand because they modulate PRMT5 substrate selectivity. We describe a strategy for the development of a PRMT5/adaptor protein PPI inhibitor, which includes the design and synthesis of macrocyclic peptides based on the motif for the interaction of PRMT5 with its adaptor protein RioK1. After the initial exploration of different macrocycle sizes and cyclization linkages, analysis of a peptide library identified hot spots for the variation of the amino acid structure. The incorporation of nonproteinogenic amino acids into the macrocyclic peptide led to a potent cyclic PRMT5 binding peptide (Ki = 66 nM), which selectively inhibits the interaction of PRMT5 with the adaptor proteins RioK1 and pICln (IC50 = 654 nM) but not with the alternative adaptor protein MEP50. The inhibitor is a promising tool for further biological investigation of this intriguing protein interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Krzyzanowski
- Department
of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute
of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Straße 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany,Faculty
of Chemistry, Chemical Biology, Technical
University Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Lea Marie Esser
- Institute
of Molecular Medicine I, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Renaud Prudent
- Edelris, Bioserra 1, 60 Avenue Rockefeller, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Christoph Peter
- Institute
of Molecular Medicine I, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Peter ‘t Hart
- Chemical
Genomics Centre of the Max Planck Society, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Straße 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany,
| | - Herbert Waldmann
- Department
of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute
of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Straße 11, 44227 Dortmund, Germany,Faculty
of Chemistry, Chemical Biology, Technical
University Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Straße 6, 44221 Dortmund, Germany,
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11
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Asberry AM, Cai X, Deng X, Liu S, Santiago U, Sims H, Liang W, Xu X, Wan J, Jiang W, Camacho C, Dai M, Hu CD. Discovery and Biological Characterization of PRMT5:MEP50 Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2022; 65:13793-13812. [PMID: 36206451 PMCID: PMC11167723 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) is a master epigenetic regulator and an extensively validated therapeutic target in multiple cancers. Notably, PRMT5 is the only PRMT that requires an obligate cofactor, methylosome protein 50 (MEP50), to function. We developed compound 17, a novel small-molecule PRMT5:MEP50 protein-protein interaction (PPI) inhibitor, after initial virtual screen hit identification and analogue refinement. Molecular docking indicated that compound 17 targets PRMT5:MEP50 PPI by displacing the MEP50 W54 burial into a hydrophobic pocket of the PRMT5 TIM barrel. In vitro analysis indicates IC50 < 500 nM for prostate and lung cancer cells with selective, specific inhibition of PRMT5:MEP50 substrate methylation and target gene expression, and RNA-seq analysis suggests that compound 17 may dysregulate TGF-β signaling. Compound 17 provides a proof of concept in targeting PRMT5:MEP50 PPI, as opposed to catalytic targeting, as a novel mechanism of action and supports further preclinical development of inhibitors in this class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M. Asberry
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Purdue University Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Graduate Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Xinpei Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Xuehong Deng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Sheng Liu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- The Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Ulises Santiago
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Hunter Sims
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Weida Liang
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Xueyong Xu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, 240 S Martin Jischke Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Jun Wan
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- The Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- The Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Wen Jiang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, 240 S Martin Jischke Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Carlos Camacho
- Department of Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Mingji Dai
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Chang-Deng Hu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
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12
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Zhou W, Yadav GP, Yang X, Qin F, Li C, Jiang QX. Cryo-EM structure-based selection of computed ligand poses enables design of MTA-synergic PRMT5 inhibitors of better potency. Commun Biol 2022; 5:1054. [PMID: 36192627 PMCID: PMC9530242 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03991-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Projected potential of 2.5-4.0 Å cryo-EM structures for structure-based drug design is not well realized yet. Here we show that a 3.1 Å structure of PRMT5 is suitable for selecting computed poses of a chemical inhibitor and its analogs for enhanced potency. PRMT5, an oncogenic target for various cancer types, has many inhibitors manifesting little cooperativity with MTA, a co-factor analog accumulated in MTAP-/- cells. To achieve MTA-synergic inhibition, a pharmacophore from virtual screen leads to a specific inhibitor (11-2 F). Cryo-EM structures of 11-2 F / MTA-bound human PRMT5/MEP50 complex and its apo form resolved at 3.1 and 3.2 Å respectively show that 11-2 F in the catalytic pocket shifts the cofactor-binding pocket away by ~2.0 Å, contributing to positive cooperativity. Computational analysis predicts subtype specificity of 11-2 F among PRMTs. Structural analysis of ligands in the binding pockets is performed to compare poses of 11-2 F and its redesigned analogs and identifies three new analogs predicted to have significantly better potency. One of them, after synthesis, is ~4 fold more efficient in inhibiting PRMT5 catalysis than 11-2 F, with strong MTA-synergy. These data suggest the feasibility of employing near-atomic resolution cryo-EM structures and computational analysis of ligand poses for small molecule therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Gaya P Yadav
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Hauptman-Woodward Medical Research Institute, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
- G.P.Y at the Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A &M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Xiaozhi Yang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Feng Qin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, the State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA
| | - Chenglong Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
- Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
| | - Qiu-Xing Jiang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Hauptman-Woodward Medical Research Institute, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, the State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14214, USA.
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13
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Dansu DK, Liang J, Selcen I, Zheng H, Moore DF, Casaccia P. PRMT5 Interacting Partners and Substrates in Oligodendrocyte Lineage Cells. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:820226. [PMID: 35370564 PMCID: PMC8968030 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.820226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein arginine methyl transferase PRMT5 is an enzyme expressed in oligodendrocyte lineage cells and responsible for the symmetric methylation of arginine residues on histone tails. Previous work from our laboratory identified PRMT5 as critical for myelination, due to its transcriptional regulation of genes involved in survival and early stages of differentiation. However, besides its nuclear localization, PRMT5 is found at high levels in the cytoplasm of several cell types, including oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) and yet, its interacting partners in this lineage, remain elusive. By using mass spectrometry on protein eluates from extracts generated from primary oligodendrocyte lineage cells and immunoprecipitated with PRMT5 antibodies, we identified 1196 proteins as PRMT5 interacting partners. These proteins were related to molecular functions such as RNA binding, ribosomal structure, cadherin and actin binding, nucleotide and protein binding, and GTP and GTPase activity. We then investigated PRMT5 substrates using iTRAQ-based proteomics on cytosolic and nuclear protein extracts from CRISPR-PRMT5 knockdown immortalized oligodendrocyte progenitors compared to CRISPR-EGFP controls. This analysis identified a similar number of peptides in the two subcellular fractions and a total number of 57 proteins with statistically decreased symmetric methylation of arginine residues in the CRISPR-PRMT5 knockdown compared to control. Several PRMT5 substrates were in common with cancer cell lines and related to RNA processing, splicing and transcription. In addition, we detected ten oligodendrocyte lineage specific substrates, corresponding to proteins with high expression levels in neural tissue. They included: PRC2C, a proline-rich protein involved in methyl-RNA binding, HNRPD an RNA binding protein involved in regulation of RNA stability, nuclear proteins involved in transcription and other proteins related to migration and actin cytoskeleton. Together, these results highlight a cell-specific role of PRMT5 in OPC in regulating several other cellular processes, besides RNA splicing and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- David K. Dansu
- Neuroscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, CUNY, New York, NY, United States,Graduate Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jialiang Liang
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ipek Selcen
- Neuroscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, CUNY, New York, NY, United States,Graduate Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Haiyan Zheng
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Piscataway, NJ, United States,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Robert-Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Dirk F. Moore
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Patrizia Casaccia
- Neuroscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, CUNY, New York, NY, United States,Graduate Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, United States,*Correspondence: Patrizia Casaccia,
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14
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Nibona E, Niyonkuru C, Liang X, Yao Q, Zhao H. Essential Roles of PRMT5-MEP50 Complex Formation and Cancer Therapy. Russ J Dev Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360421050064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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Chiu SC, Huang YRJ, Wei TYW, Chen JMM, Kuo YC, Huang YTJ, Liao YTA, Yu CTR. The PRMT5/HURP axis retards Golgi repositioning by stabilizing acetyl-tubulin and Golgi apparatus during cell migration. J Cell Physiol 2021; 237:1033-1043. [PMID: 34541678 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus (GA) translocates to the cell leading end during directional migration, thereby determining cell polarity and transporting essential factors to the migration apparatus. The study provides mechanistic insights into how GA repositioning (GR) is regulated. We show that the methyltransferase PRMT5 methylates the microtubule regulator HURP at R122. The HURP methylation mimicking mutant 122F impairs GR and cell migration. Mechanistic studies revealed that HURP 122F or endogenous methylated HURP, that is, HURP m122, interacts with acetyl-tubulin. Overexpression of HURP 122F stabilizes the bundling pattern of acetyl-tubulin by decreasing the sensitivity of the latter to a microtubule disrupting agent nocodazole. HURP 122F also rigidifies GA via desensitizing the organelle to several GA disrupting chemicals. Similarly, the acetyl-tubulin mimicking mutant 40Q or tubulin acetyltransferase αTAT1 can rigidify GA, impair GR, and retard cell migration. Reversal of HURP 122F-induced GA rigidification, by knocking down GA assembly factors such as GRASP65 or GM130, attenuates 122F-triggered GR and cell migration. Remarkably, PRMT5 is found downregulated and the level of HURP m122 is decreased during the early hours of wound healing-based cell migration, collectively implying that the PRMT5-HURP-acetyl-tubulin axis plays the role of brake, preventing GR and cell migration before cells reach empty space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Chih Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Translational Cell Therapy Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Tong-You Wade Wei
- Graduate Institute of Biomedicine and Biomedical Technology, National Chi Nan University, Nantou, Taiwan.,Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jo-Mei Maureen Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, Nantou, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Biomedicine and Biomedical Technology, National Chi Nan University, Nantou, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Jenny Huang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, Nantou, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Amber Liao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, Nantou, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Tze Ricky Yu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, Nantou, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedicine and Biomedical Technology, National Chi Nan University, Nantou, Taiwan
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16
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Mulvaney KM, Blomquist C, Acharya N, Li R, Ranaghan MJ, O'Keefe M, Rodriguez DJ, Young MJ, Kesar D, Pal D, Stokes M, Nelson AJ, Jain SS, Yang A, Mullin-Bernstein Z, Columbus J, Bozal FK, Skepner A, Raymond D, LaRussa S, McKinney DC, Freyzon Y, Baidi Y, Porter D, Aguirre AJ, Ianari A, McMillan B, Sellers WR. Molecular basis for substrate recruitment to the PRMT5 methylosome. Mol Cell 2021; 81:3481-3495.e7. [PMID: 34358446 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PRMT5 is an essential arginine methyltransferase and a therapeutic target in MTAP-null cancers. PRMT5 uses adaptor proteins for substrate recruitment through a previously undefined mechanism. Here, we identify an evolutionarily conserved peptide sequence shared among the three known substrate adaptors (CLNS1A, RIOK1, and COPR5) and show that it is necessary and sufficient for interaction with PRMT5. We demonstrate that PRMT5 uses modular adaptor proteins containing a common binding motif for substrate recruitment, comparable with other enzyme classes such as kinases and E3 ligases. We structurally resolve the interface with PRMT5 and show via genetic perturbation that it is required for methylation of adaptor-recruited substrates including the spliceosome, histones, and ribosomal complexes. Furthermore, disruption of this site affects Sm spliceosome activity, leading to intron retention. Genetic disruption of the PRMT5-substrate adaptor interface impairs growth of MTAP-null tumor cells and is thus a site for development of therapeutic inhibitors of PRMT5.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Matthew J Ranaghan
- Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Meghan O'Keefe
- Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Adam Skepner
- Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Donald Raymond
- Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Salvatore LaRussa
- Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - David C McKinney
- Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Dale Porter
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA; Cedilla Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Andrew J Aguirre
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA; Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Brian McMillan
- Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA; Tango Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - William R Sellers
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA; Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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17
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PRMT5: a putative oncogene and therapeutic target in prostate cancer. Cancer Gene Ther 2021; 29:264-276. [PMID: 33854218 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-021-00327-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) was discovered two decades ago. The first decade focused on the biochemical characterization of PRMT5 as a regulator of many cellular processes in a healthy organism. However, over the past decade, evidence has accumulated to suggest that PRMT5 may function as an oncogene in multiple cancers via both epigenetic and non-epigenetic mechanisms. In this review, we focus on recent progress made in prostate cancer, including the role of PRMT5 in the androgen receptor (AR) expression and signaling and DNA damage response, particularly DNA double-strand break repair. We also discuss how PRMT5-interacting proteins that are considered PRMT5 cofactors may cooperate with PRMT5 to regulate PRMT5 activity and target gene expression, and how PRMT5 can interact with other epigenetic regulators implicated in prostate cancer development and progression. Finally, we suggest that targeting PRMT5 may be employed to develop multiple therapeutic approaches to enhance the treatment of prostate cancer.
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18
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Krzyzanowski A, Gasper R, Adihou H, Hart P', Waldmann H. Biochemical Investigation of the Interaction of pICln, RioK1 and COPR5 with the PRMT5-MEP50 Complex. Chembiochem 2021; 22:1908-1914. [PMID: 33624332 PMCID: PMC8252068 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202100079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The PRMT5–MEP50 methyltransferase complex plays a key role in various cancers and is regulated by different protein–protein interactions. Several proteins have been reported to act as adaptor proteins that recruit substrate proteins to the active site of PRMT5 for the methylation of arginine residues. To define the interaction between these adaptor proteins and PRMT5, we employed peptide truncation and mutation studies and prepared truncated protein constructs. We report the characterisation of the interface between the TIM barrel of PRMT5 and the adaptor proteins pICln, RioK1 and COPR5, and identify the consensus amino acid sequence GQF[D/E]DA[E/D] involved in binding. Protein crystallography revealed that the RioK1 derived peptide interacts with a novel PPI site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Krzyzanowski
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany.,Faculty of Chemistry, Chemical Biology, Technical University Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44221, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Raphael Gasper
- Crystallography and Biophysics Unit, Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Hélène Adihou
- AstraZeneca MPI Satellite Unit, Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany.,Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter 't Hart
- Chemical Genomics Centre of the Max Planck Society, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Herbert Waldmann
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany.,Faculty of Chemistry, Chemical Biology, Technical University Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, 44221, Dortmund, Germany
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19
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Bryant JP, Heiss J, Banasavadi-Siddegowda YK. Arginine Methylation in Brain Tumors: Tumor Biology and Therapeutic Strategies. Cells 2021; 10:cells10010124. [PMID: 33440687 PMCID: PMC7827394 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methylation is a common post-translational modification that plays a pivotal role in cellular regulation. Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) catalyze the modification of target proteins by adding methyl groups to the guanidino nitrogen atoms of arginine residues. Protein arginine methylation takes part in epigenetic and cellular regulation and has been linked to neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic diseases, and tumor progression. Aberrant expression of PRMTs is associated with the development of brain tumors such as glioblastoma and medulloblastoma. Identifying PRMTs as plausible contributors to tumorigenesis has led to preclinical and clinical investigations of PRMT inhibitors for glioblastoma and medulloblastoma therapy. In this review, we discuss the role of arginine methylation in cancer biology and provide an update on the use of small molecule inhibitors of PRMTs to treat glioblastoma, medulloblastoma, and other cancers.
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20
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Mei S, Ge S, Wang J, Li H, Jing X, Liang K, Zhang X, Xue C, Zhang C, Zhang T. PRMT5 promotes progression of endometrioid adenocarcinoma via ERα and cell cycle signaling pathways. JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY CLINICAL RESEARCH 2021; 7:154-164. [PMID: 33416213 PMCID: PMC7869932 DOI: 10.1002/cjp2.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) has previously been reported to be upregulated in many malignant tumors. This study investigated the significance of PRMT5 in endometrial carcinoma (EC) and explored its function in tumorigenesis. Immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate PRMT5 expression in 62 EC and 66 endometrial hyperplasia samples. The functions of PRMT5 were investigated by cell counting kit‐8, plate colony formation, wound healing, and transwell and flow cytometry assays. Quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were used to measure the expression of PRMT5, changes in estrogen receptor α (ERα), and related functional proteins. Coimmunoprecipitation was performed to examine the interaction of PRMT5 with ERα and its coactivator steroid receptor coactivator‐1 (SRC1). Compared to endometrial hyperplasia tissue, PRMT5 was overexpressed in endometrioid adenocarcinoma (EAC) but not overexpressed in mucinous EC. The main expression pattern of PRMT5 in EAC was cytoplasmic. However, the positive cases of endometrial hyperplasia showed both cytoplasmic and nuclear positivity in the endometrial glands or were mainly positive in stromal cells. Knockdown of PRMT5 significantly inhibited the growth and migration ability of EAC cells and promoted their apoptosis by regulating cyclin D1, c‐myc, p53, and Bcl2 proteins. Furthermore, PRMT5 could form a complex with ERα and SRC1 to promote the expression of ERα. In conclusion, PRMT5 plays a significant role in the progression of EAC by interacting with ERα and impacting the cell cycle signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Mei
- Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, PR China.,Department of Pathology, Bao Di Hospital, Bao Di Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Shuang Ge
- Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, PR China
| | - Jun Wang
- Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, PR China
| | - Hailing Li
- Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, PR China
| | - Xiaotong Jing
- Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, PR China
| | - Ke Liang
- Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, PR China
| | - Chaoshuai Xue
- Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, PR China
| | - Cuijuan Zhang
- Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, PR China.,Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
| | - Tingguo Zhang
- Institute of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, PR China.,Department of Pathology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, PR China
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21
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Abstract
Arginine methylation is an essential post-translational modification (PTM) deposited by protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) and recognized by Tudor domain-containing proteins. Of the nine mammalian PRMTs, PRMT5 is the primary enzyme responsible for the deposition of symmetric arginine methylation marks in cells. The staphylococcal nuclease and Tudor domain-containing 1 (SND1) effector protein is a key reader of the marks deposited by PRMT5. Both PRMT5 and SND1 are broadly expressed and their deregulation is reported to be associated with a range of disease phenotypes, including cancer. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an example of a cancer type that often displays elevated PRMT5 and SND1 levels, and there is evidence that hyperactivation of this axis is oncogenic. Importantly, this pathway can be tempered with small-molecule inhibitors that target PRMT5, offering a therapeutic node for cancer, such as HCC, that display high PRMT5–SND1 axis activity. Here we summarize the known activities of this writer–reader pair, with a focus on their biological roles in HCC. This will help establish a foundation for treating HCC with PRMT5 inhibitors and also identify potential biomarkers that could predict sensitivity to this type of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanner Wright
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA; (T.W.); (Y.W.)
- Graduate Program in Genetics & Epigenetics, UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yalong Wang
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA; (T.W.); (Y.W.)
| | - Mark T. Bedford
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA; (T.W.); (Y.W.)
- Correspondence:
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22
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Beketova E, Fang S, Owens JL, Liu S, Chen X, Zhang Q, Asberry AM, Deng X, Malola J, Huang J, Li C, Pili R, Elzey BD, Ratliff TL, Wan J, Hu CD. Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 5 Promotes pICln-Dependent Androgen Receptor Transcription in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Cancer Res 2020; 80:4904-4917. [PMID: 32999000 PMCID: PMC7669631 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-1228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The majority of advanced prostate cancer therapies aim to inhibit androgen receptor (AR) signaling. However, AR reactivation inevitably drives disease progression to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Here we demonstrate that protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) functions as an epigenetic activator of AR transcription in CRPC, requiring cooperation with a methylosome subunit pICln. In vitro and in xenograft tumors in mice, targeting PRMT5 or pICln suppressed growth of CRPC cells. Full-length AR and AR-V7 transcription activation required both PRMT5 and pICln but not MEP50. This activation of transcription was accompanied by PRMT5-mediated symmetric dimethylation of H4R3 at the proximal AR promoter. Further, knockdown of PRMT5 abolished the binding of pICln (but not vice versa) to the AR proximal promoter region, suggesting that PRMT5 recruits pICln to the AR promoter to activate AR transcription. Differential gene expression analysis in 22Rv1 cells confirmed that PRMT5 and pICln both regulate the androgen signaling pathway. In addition, PRMT5 and pICln protein expression positively correlated with AR and AR-V7 protein expression in CRPC tissues and their expression was highly correlated at the mRNA level across multiple publicly available CRPC datasets. Our results suggest that targeting PRMT5 or pICln may be explored as a novel therapy for CRPC treatment by suppressing expression of AR and AR splice variants to circumvent AR reactivation. SIGNIFICANCE: This study provides evidence that targeting PRMT5 can eliminate expression of AR and can be explored as a novel therapeutic approach to treat metastatic hormone-naïve and castration-resistant prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Beketova
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana.,Purdue University Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Graduate Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Shuyi Fang
- Department of BioHealth Informatics, Indiana University School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Jake L Owens
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Sheng Liu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,The Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Xufeng Chen
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Caroline
| | - Qingfu Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Caroline
| | - Andrew M Asberry
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana.,Purdue University Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Graduate Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Xuehong Deng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Jonathan Malola
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Jiaoti Huang
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Caroline
| | - Chenglong Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Roberto Pili
- Department of Medical Oncology, Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Bennett D Elzey
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana.,Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Timothy L Ratliff
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana.,Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Jun Wan
- Department of BioHealth Informatics, Indiana University School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana. .,Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.,The Indiana University Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana.,The Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Chang-Deng Hu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana. .,Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
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23
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Abstract
Protein methyl transferases play critical roles in numerous regulatory pathways that underlie cancer development, progression and therapy-response. Here we discuss the function of PRMT5, a member of the nine-member PRMT family, in controlling oncogenic processes including tumor intrinsic, as well as extrinsic microenvironmental signaling pathways. We discuss PRMT5 effect on histone methylation and methylation of regulatory proteins including those involved in RNA splicing, cell cycle, cell death and metabolic signaling. In all, we highlight the importance of PRMT5 regulation and function in cancer, which provide the foundation for therapeutic modalities targeting PRMT5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungsoo Kim
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Ze'ev A Ronai
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
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24
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Hartley AV, Wang B, Jiang G, Wei H, Sun M, Prabhu L, Martin M, Safa A, Sun S, Liu Y, Lu T. Regulation of a PRMT5/NF-κB Axis by Phosphorylation of PRMT5 at Serine 15 in Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103684. [PMID: 32456215 PMCID: PMC7279388 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The overexpression of PRMT5 is highly correlated to poor clinical outcomes for colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Importantly, our previous work demonstrated that PRMT5 overexpression could substantially augment activation of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) via methylation of arginine 30 (R30) on its p65 subunit, while knockdown of PRMT5 showed the opposite effect. However, the precise mechanisms governing this PRMT5/NF-κB axis are still largely unknown. Here, we report a novel finding that PRMT5 is phosphorylated on serine 15 (S15) in response to interleukin-1β (IL-1β) stimulation. Interestingly, we identified for the first time that the oncogenic kinase, PKCι could catalyze this phosphorylation event. Overexpression of the serine-to-alanine mutant of PRMT5 (S15A), in either HEK293 cells or CRC cells HT29, DLD1, and HCT116 attenuated NF-κB transactivation compared to WT-PRMT5, confirming that S15 phosphorylation is critical for the activation of NF-κB by PRMT5. Furthermore, the S15A mutant when compared to WT-PRMT5, could downregulate a subset of IL-1β-inducible NF-κB-target genes which correlated with attenuated promoter occupancy of p65 at its target genes. Additionally, the S15A mutant reduced IL-1β-induced methyltransferase activity of PRMT5 and disrupted the interaction of PRMT5 with p65. Furthermore, our data indicate that blockade of PKCι-regulated PRMT5-mediated activation of NF-κB was likely through phosphorylation of PRMT5 at S15. Finally, inhibition of PKCι or overexpression of the S15A mutant attenuated the growth, migratory, and colony-forming abilities of CRC cells compared to the WT-PRMT5. Collectively, we have identified a novel PKCι/PRMT5/NF-κB signaling axis, suggesting that pharmacological disruption of this pivotal axis could serve as the basis for new anti-cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antja-Voy Hartley
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (A.-V.H.); (H.W.); (M.S.); (L.P.); (M.M.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Benlian Wang
- Center for Proteomics and Bioinformatics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
| | - Guanglong Jiang
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (G.J.); (Y.L.)
| | - Han Wei
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (A.-V.H.); (H.W.); (M.S.); (L.P.); (M.M.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Mengyao Sun
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (A.-V.H.); (H.W.); (M.S.); (L.P.); (M.M.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Lakshmi Prabhu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (A.-V.H.); (H.W.); (M.S.); (L.P.); (M.M.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Matthew Martin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (A.-V.H.); (H.W.); (M.S.); (L.P.); (M.M.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Ahmad Safa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (A.-V.H.); (H.W.); (M.S.); (L.P.); (M.M.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Steven Sun
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (A.-V.H.); (H.W.); (M.S.); (L.P.); (M.M.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Yunlong Liu
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (G.J.); (Y.L.)
| | - Tao Lu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; (A.-V.H.); (H.W.); (M.S.); (L.P.); (M.M.); (A.S.); (S.S.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(317)-278-0520; Fax: +1-(317)-274-7714
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25
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Liu F, Xu Y, Lu X, Hamard PJ, Karl DL, Man N, Mookhtiar AK, Martinez C, Lossos IS, Sun J, Nimer SD. PRMT5-mediated histone arginine methylation antagonizes transcriptional repression by polycomb complex PRC2. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:2956-2968. [PMID: 32025719 PMCID: PMC7102951 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) catalyzes the symmetric di-methylation of arginine residues in histones H3 and H4, marks that are generally associated with transcriptional repression. However, we found that PRMT5 inhibition or depletion led to more genes being downregulated than upregulated, indicating that PRMT5 can also act as a transcriptional activator. Indeed, the global level of histone H3K27me3 increases in PRMT5 deficient cells. Although PRMT5 does not directly affect PRC2 enzymatic activity, methylation of histone H3 by PRMT5 abrogates its subsequent methylation by PRC2. Treating AML cells with an EZH2 inhibitor partially restored the expression of approximately 50% of the genes that are initially downregulated by PRMT5 inhibition, suggesting that the increased H3K27me3 could directly or indirectly contribute to the transcription repression of these genes. Indeed, ChIP-sequencing analysis confirmed an increase in the H3K27me3 level at the promoter region of a quarter of these genes in PRMT5-inhibited cells. Interestingly, the anti-proliferative effect of PRMT5 inhibition was also partially rescued by treatment with an EZH2 inhibitor in several leukemia cell lines. Thus, PRMT5-mediated crosstalk between histone marks contributes to its functional effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Ye Xu
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Xiaoqing Lu
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Pierre-Jacques Hamard
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Daniel L Karl
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Na Man
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Adnan K Mookhtiar
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Concepcion Martinez
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Izidore S Lossos
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Jun Sun
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Stephen D Nimer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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26
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Owens JL, Beketova E, Liu S, Tinsley SL, Asberry AM, Deng X, Huang J, Li C, Wan J, Hu CD. PRMT5 Cooperates with pICln to Function as a Master Epigenetic Activator of DNA Double-Strand Break Repair Genes. iScience 2019; 23:100750. [PMID: 31884170 PMCID: PMC6941881 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.100750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair is critical for cell survival and genome integrity. Upon recognition of DSBs, repair proteins are transiently upregulated to facilitate repair through homologous recombination (HR) or non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). We present evidence that PRMT5 cooperates with pICln to function as a master epigenetic activator of DNA damage response (DDR) genes involved in HR, NHEJ, and G2 arrest (including RAD51, BRCA1, and BRCA2) to upregulate gene expression upon DNA damage. Contrary to the predominant role of PRMT5 as an epigenetic repressor, our results demonstrate that PRMT5 and pICln can activate gene expression, potentially independent of PRMT5's obligate cofactor MEP50. Targeting PRMT5 or pICln hinders repair of DSBs in multiple cancer cell lines, and both PRMT5 and pICln expression positively correlates with DDR genes across 32 clinical cancer datasets. Thus, targeting PRMT5 or pICln may be explored in combination with radiation or chemotherapy for cancer treatment. PRMT5 activates transcription of DSB repair genes upon DNA damage pICln cooperates with PRMT5 to activate transcription of DSB repair genes Targeting PRMT5 is effective to sensitize multiple cancer types to radiation PRMT5 expression positively correlates with DSB repair genes in cancer tissues
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake L Owens
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Elena Beketova
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Purdue University Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Graduate Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Sheng Liu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; The Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Samantha L Tinsley
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Purdue University Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Graduate Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Andrew M Asberry
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Purdue University Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Graduate Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Xuehong Deng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Jiaoti Huang
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Chenglong Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida College of Pharmacy, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Jun Wan
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; The Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; The Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of BioHealth Informatics, Indiana University School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Chang-Deng Hu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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27
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Zhu F, Rui L. PRMT5 in gene regulation and hematologic malignancies. Genes Dis 2019; 6:247-257. [PMID: 32042864 PMCID: PMC6997592 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Arginine methylation is a common posttranslational modification that governs important cellular processes and impacts development, cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation. Arginine methylation is catalyzed by protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs), which are classified as type I and type II enzymes responsible for the formation of asymmetric and symmetric dimethylarginine, respectively. PRMT5 is the main type II enzyme that catalyzes symmetric dimethylarginine of histone proteins to induce gene silencing by generating repressive histone marks, including H2AR3me2s, H3R8me2s, and H4R3me2s. PRMT5 can also methylate nonhistone proteins such as the transcription factors p53, E2F1 and p65. Modifications of these proteins by PRMT5 are involved in diverse cellular processes, including transcription, translation, DNA repair, RNA processing, and metabolism. A growing literature demonstrates that PRMT5 expression is upregulated in hematologic malignancies, including leukemia and lymphoma, where PRMT5 regulates gene expression to promote cancer cell proliferation. Targeting PRMT5 by specific inhibitors has emerged as a potential therapeutic strategy to treat these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lixin Rui
- Department of Medicine and Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
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28
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Tewary SK, Zheng YG, Ho MC. Protein arginine methyltransferases: insights into the enzyme structure and mechanism at the atomic level. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:2917-2932. [PMID: 31123777 PMCID: PMC6741777 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03145-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) catalyze the methyl transfer to the arginine residues of protein substrates and are classified into three major types based on the final form of the methylated arginine. Recent studies have shown a strong correlation between PRMT expression level and the prognosis of cancer patients. Currently, crystal structures of eight PRMT members have been determined. Kinetic and structural studies have shown that all PRMTs share similar, but unique catalytic and substrate recognition mechanism. In this review, we discuss the structural similarities and differences of different PRMT members, focusing on their overall structure, S-adenosyl-L-methionine-binding pocket, substrate arginine recognition and catalytic mechanisms. Since PRMTs are valuable targets for drug discovery, we also rationally classify the known PRMT inhibitors into five classes and discuss their mechanisms of action at the atomic level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Y George Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Meng-Chiao Ho
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115, Taiwan.
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
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29
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Lin H, Wang M, Zhang YW, Tong S, Leal RA, Shetty R, Vaddi K, Luengo JI. Discovery of Potent and Selective Covalent Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) Inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2019; 10:1033-1038. [PMID: 31312404 PMCID: PMC6627734 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) is known to symmetrically dimethylate numerous cytosolic and nuclear proteins that are involved in a variety of cellular processes. Recent findings have revealed its potential as a cancer therapeutic target. PRMT5 possesses a cysteine (C449) in the active site, unique to PRMT5. Therefore, covalent PRMT5 inhibition is an attractive chemical approach. Herein, we report an exciting discovery of a series of novel hemiaminals that under physiological conditions can be converted to aldehydes and react with C449 to form covalent adducts, which presumably undergo an unprecedented elimination to form the thiol-vinyl ethers, as indicated by electron density in the co-crystal structure of the PRMT5/MEP50 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Lin
- Prelude Therapeutics, 200 Powder Mill Road, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Min Wang
- Prelude Therapeutics, 200 Powder Mill Road, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Yang W. Zhang
- Prelude Therapeutics, 200 Powder Mill Road, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Shuilong Tong
- VIVA Biotech Ltd., 334 Aidisheng Road, Zhangjiang High-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Raul A. Leal
- Prelude Therapeutics, 200 Powder Mill Road, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Rupa Shetty
- Prelude Therapeutics, 200 Powder Mill Road, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Kris Vaddi
- Prelude Therapeutics, 200 Powder Mill Road, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | - Juan I. Luengo
- Prelude Therapeutics, 200 Powder Mill Road, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
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30
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Jain K, Clarke SG. PRMT7 as a unique member of the protein arginine methyltransferase family: A review. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 665:36-45. [PMID: 30802433 PMCID: PMC6461449 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) are found in a wide variety of eukaryotic organisms and can regulate gene expression, DNA repair, RNA splicing, and stem cell biology. In mammalian cells, nine genes encode a family of sequence-related enzymes; six of these PRMTs catalyze the formation of ω-asymmetric dimethyl derivatives, two catalyze ω-symmetric dimethyl derivatives, and only one (PRMT7) solely catalyzes ω-monomethylarginine formation. Purified recombinant PRMT7 displays a number of unique enzymatic properties including a substrate preference for arginine residues in R-X-R motifs with additional flanking basic amino acid residues and a temperature optimum well below 37 °C. Evidence has been presented for crosstalk between PRMT7 and PRMT5, where methylation of a histone H4 peptide at R17, a PRMT7 substrate, may activate PRMT5 for methylation of R3. Defects in muscle stem cells (satellite cells) and immune cells are found in mouse Prmt7 homozygous knockouts, while humans lacking PRMT7 are characterized by significant intellectual developmental delays, hypotonia, and facial dysmorphisms. The overexpression of the PRMT7 gene has been correlated with cancer metastasis in humans. Current research challenges include identifying cellular factors that control PRMT7 expression and activity, identifying the physiological substrates of PRMT7, and determining the effect of methylation on these substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanishk Jain
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Steven G Clarke
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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31
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Lin H, Luengo JI. Nucleoside protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:1264-1269. [PMID: 30956011 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) is known to symmetrically dimethylate numerous cytosolic and nuclear proteins that are involved in a variety of cellular processes. Recent findings have revealed its potential as a cancer therapeutic target. PRMT5 selective inhibitors, GSK3326595, a substrate competitive inhibitor, and JNJ64619178, a SAM (S-adenosyl-l-methionine) mimetic/competitive inhibitor, have entered clinic trials for multiple cancer types. This review focuses on the recent developments in SAM mimetic nucleoside PRMT5 inhibitors, their SAR and structural insight based on published co-crystal structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Lin
- Prelude Therapeutics, 200 Powder Mill Road, Wilmington, DE 19803, United States
| | - Juan I Luengo
- Prelude Therapeutics, 200 Powder Mill Road, Wilmington, DE 19803, United States
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32
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Shao J, Zhu K, Du D, Zhang Y, Tao H, Chen Z, Jiang H, Chen K, Luo C, Duan W. Discovery of 2-substituted-N-(3-(3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl)-2-hydroxypropyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-6-carboxamide as potent and selective protein arginine methyltransferases 5 inhibitors: Design, synthesis and biological evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 164:317-333. [PMID: 30605830 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.12.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferases 5 (PRMT5) represents an attractive drug target in epigenetic field for the treatment of leukemia and lymphoma. Here, a series of N-(3-(3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl)-2-hydroxypropyl)amide derivatives targeting PRMT5 were designed with structure-based approach and synthesized. Among them, compound 46 showed potent and selective PRMT5 inhibition activity with an IC50 of 8.5 nM, which was approximately equivalent with the phase I clinical trial PRMT5 inhibitor GSK-3326595 (IC50 = 5.5 nM). Compound 46 also displayed pronounced anti-proliferative activity in MV4-11 cells (GI50 = 18 nM) and antitumor activity in MV4-11 mouse xenografts model. This molecule can serve as an excellent tool compound for probing the biological function of PRMT5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Shao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Kongkai Zhu
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China
| | - Daohai Du
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hongrui Tao
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, PR China; Drug Discovery and Design Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zhifeng Chen
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hualiang Jiang
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Kaixian Chen
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; Open Studio for Drugability Research of Marine Natural Products, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Wenhai Road, Aoshanwei, Jimo, Qingdao, Shangdong, 266237, China
| | - Cheng Luo
- Drug Discovery and Design Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; Open Studio for Drugability Research of Marine Natural Products, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Wenhai Road, Aoshanwei, Jimo, Qingdao, Shangdong, 266237, China.
| | - Wenhu Duan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, 201203, China.
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33
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Shailesh H, Zakaria ZZ, Baiocchi R, Sif S. Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) dysregulation in cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 9:36705-36718. [PMID: 30613353 PMCID: PMC6291173 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) are known for their ability to catalyze methylation of specific arginine residues in a wide variety of cellular proteins, which are involved in a plethora of processes including signal transduction, transcription, and more recently DNA recombination. All members of the PRMT family can be grouped into three main classes depending on the type of methylation they catalyze. Type I PRMTs induce monomethylation and asymmetric dimethylation, while type II PRMTs catalyze monomethylation and symmetric dimethylation of specific arginine residues. In contrast, type III PRMTs carry out only monomethylation of arginine residues. In this review, we will focus on PRMT5, a type II PRMT essential for viability and normal development, which has been shown to be overexpressed in a wide variety of cancer cell types, owing it to the crucial role it plays in controlling key growth regulatory pathways. Furthermore, the role of PRMT5 in regulating expression and stability of key transcription factors that control normal stem cell function as well as cancer stem cell renewal will be discussed. We will review recent work that shows that through its ability to methylate various cellular proteins, PRMT5 functions as a master epigenetic regulator essential for growth and development, and we will highlight studies that have examined its dysregulation and the effects of its inhibition on cancer cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshita Shailesh
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Zain Z Zakaria
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Robert Baiocchi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Saïd Sif
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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34
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Lattouf H, Kassem L, Jacquemetton J, Choucair A, Poulard C, Trédan O, Corbo L, Diab-Assaf M, Hussein N, Treilleux I, Le Romancer M. LKB1 regulates PRMT5 activity in breast cancer. Int J Cancer 2018; 144:595-606. [PMID: 30289978 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.31909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) is the main enzyme responsible for the symmetrical dimethylation of arginine residues on target proteins in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Though its activity has been associated with tumor progression in various cancers, the expression pattern of this oncoprotein has been scarcely studied in breast cancer. In the current work, we analyzed its expression in a large cohort of breast cancer patients, revealing higher nuclear PRMT5 levels in ERα-positive tumors and an association with prolonged disease free and overall survival. Interestingly, high PRMT5 nuclear expression was also associated with higher nuclear liver kinase B1 (LKB1), suggesting that a functional relationship may occur. Consistently, several approaches provided evidence that PRMT5 and LKB1 interact directly in the cytoplasm of mammary epithelial cells. Moreover, although PRMT5 is not able to methylate LKB1, we found that PRMT5 is a bona fade substrate for LKB1. We identified T132, 139 and 144 residues, located in the TIM-Barrel domain of PRMT5, as target sites for LKB1 phosphorylation. The point mutation of PRMT5 T139/144 to A139/144 drastically decreased its methyltransferase activity, due probably to the loss of its interaction with regulatory proteins such as MEP50, pICln and RiOK1. In addition, modulation of LKB1 expression modified PRMT5 activity, highlighting a new regulatory mechanism that could have clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanine Lattouf
- INSERM U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France.,Lebanese University, EDST (Molecular Tumor-genesis and Anticancer Pharmacology), Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Loay Kassem
- Clinical Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Julien Jacquemetton
- INSERM U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Ali Choucair
- INSERM U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Coralie Poulard
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Laura Corbo
- INSERM U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Mona Diab-Assaf
- Lebanese University, EDST (Molecular Tumor-genesis and Anticancer Pharmacology), Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Nader Hussein
- Lebanese University, Cancer Biology Stem Cells and Molecular Immunology, Hadath, Lebanon
| | | | - Muriel Le Romancer
- INSERM U1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France.,CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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35
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Activation of the p53-MDM4 regulatory axis defines the anti-tumour response to PRMT5 inhibition through its role in regulating cellular splicing. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9711. [PMID: 29946150 PMCID: PMC6018746 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28002-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Evasion of the potent tumour suppressor activity of p53 is one of the hurdles that must be overcome for cancer cells to escape normal regulation of cellular proliferation and survival. In addition to frequent loss of function mutations, p53 wild-type activity can also be suppressed post-translationally through several mechanisms, including the activity of PRMT5. Here we describe broad anti-proliferative activity of potent, selective, reversible inhibitors of protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) including GSK3326595 in human cancer cell lines representing both hematologic and solid malignancies. Interestingly, PRMT5 inhibition activates the p53 pathway via the induction of alternative splicing of MDM4. The MDM4 isoform switch and subsequent p53 activation are critical determinants of the response to PRMT5 inhibition suggesting that the integrity of the p53-MDM4 regulatory axis defines a subset of patients that could benefit from treatment with GSK3326595.
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36
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Wang Y, Hu W, Yuan Y. Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) as an Anticancer Target and Its Inhibitor Discovery. J Med Chem 2018; 61:9429-9441. [PMID: 29870258 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PRMT5 is a major enzyme responsible for symmetric dimethylation of arginine residues on both histone and non-histone proteins, regulating many biological pathways in mammalian cells. PRMT5 has been suggested as a therapeutic target in a variety of diseases including infectious disease, heart disease, and cancer. Many PRMT5 inhibitors have been discovered in the past 5 years, and one entered clinical trial in 2015 for the treatment of solid tumor and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). The aim of this review is to summarize the current understanding of the roles of PRMT5 in cancer and the discovery of PRMT5 enzymatic inhibitors. By reviewing the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of known inhibitors of PRMT5, we hope to provide guidance for future drug designs and inhibitor optimization. Opportunities and limitations of PRMT5 inhibitors for the treatment of cancer are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxiang Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
| | - Wenhao Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
| | - Yanqiu Yuan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510006 , China
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37
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Frungillo L, Spoel SH. Modulating the Modulator: Regulation of Protein Methylation by Nitric Oxide. Mol Cell 2017; 67:535-537. [PMID: 28820964 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Protein methylation is an important modulator of signal transduction pathways, but methyltransferases themselves may also be modulated. Hu et al. (2017) demonstrate in this issue of Molecular Cell that S-nitrosylation selectively modulates enzymatic activity of a protein arginine methyltransferase vital to abiotic stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Frungillo
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Steven H Spoel
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK.
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38
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Gruss OJ, Meduri R, Schilling M, Fischer U. UsnRNP biogenesis: mechanisms and regulation. Chromosoma 2017; 126:577-593. [PMID: 28766049 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-017-0637-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Macromolecular complexes composed of proteins or proteins and nucleic acids rather than individual macromolecules mediate many cellular activities. Maintenance of these activities is essential for cell viability and requires the coordinated production of the individual complex components as well as their faithful incorporation into functional entities. Failure of complex assembly may have fatal consequences and can cause severe diseases. While many macromolecular complexes can form spontaneously in vitro, they often require aid from assembly factors including assembly chaperones in the crowded cellular environment. The assembly of RNA protein complexes implicated in the maturation of pre-mRNAs (termed UsnRNPs) has proven to be a paradigm to understand the action of assembly factors and chaperones. UsnRNPs are assembled by factors united in protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5)- and survival motor neuron (SMN)-complexes, which act sequentially in the UsnRNP production line. While the PRMT5-complex pre-arranges specific sets of proteins into stable intermediates, the SMN complex displaces assembly factors from these intermediates and unites them with UsnRNA to form the assembled RNP. Despite advanced mechanistic understanding of UsnRNP assembly, our knowledge of regulatory features of this essential and ubiquitous cellular function remains remarkably incomplete. One may argue that the process operates as a default biosynthesis pathway and does not require sophisticated regulatory cues. Simple theoretical considerations and a number of experimental data, however, indicate that regulation of UsnRNP assembly most likely happens at multiple levels. This review will not only summarize how individual components of this assembly line act mechanistically but also why, how, and when the UsnRNP workflow might be regulated by means of posttranslational modification in response to cellular signaling cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver J Gruss
- Department of Genetics, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Str. 13, 53115, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Rajyalakshmi Meduri
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Würzburg, Biozentrum, Am Hubland, D-97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Schilling
- Department of Genetics, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Str. 13, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Utz Fischer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Würzburg, Biozentrum, Am Hubland, D-97074, Würzburg, Germany.
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39
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Akpınar M, Lesche M, Fanourgakis G, Fu J, Anasstasiadis K, Dahl A, Jessberger R. TDRD6 mediates early steps of spliceosome maturation in primary spermatocytes. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006660. [PMID: 28263986 PMCID: PMC5358835 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tudor containing protein 6 (TDRD6) is a male germ line-specific protein essential for chromatoid body (ChB) structure, elongated spermatid development and male fertility. Here we show that in meiotic prophase I spermatocytes TDRD6 interacts with the key protein arginine methyl transferase PRMT5, which supports splicing. TDRD6 also associates with spliceosomal core protein SmB in the absence of RNA and in an arginine methylation dependent manner. In Tdrd6-/- diplotene spermatocytes PRMT5 association with SmB and arginine dimethylation of SmB are much reduced. TDRD6 deficiency impairs the assembly of spliceosomes, which feature 3.5-fold increased levels of U5 snRNPs. In the nucleus, these deficiencies in spliceosome maturation correlate with decreased numbers of SMN-positive bodies and Cajal bodies involved in nuclear snRNP maturation. Transcriptome analysis of TDRD6-deficient diplotene spermatocytes revealed high numbers of splicing defects such as aberrant usage of intron and exons as well as aberrant representation of splice junctions. Together, this study demonstrates a novel function of TDRD6 in spliceosome maturation and mRNA splicing in prophase I spermatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Müge Akpınar
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mathias Lesche
- Deep Sequencing Group SFB 655, Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Grigorios Fanourgakis
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jun Fu
- Stem Cell Engineering, Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Dahl
- Deep Sequencing Group SFB 655, Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rolf Jessberger
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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40
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Huang S, Balgi A, Pan Y, Li M, Zhang X, Du L, Zhou M, Roberge M, Li X. Identification of Methylosome Components as Negative Regulators of Plant Immunity Using Chemical Genetics. MOLECULAR PLANT 2016; 9:1620-1633. [PMID: 27756575 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) proteins serve as immune receptors in both plants and animals. To identify components required for NLR-mediated immunity, we designed and carried out a chemical genetics screen to search for small molecules that can alter immune responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. From 13 600 compounds, we identified Ro 8-4304 that was able to specifically suppress the severe autoimmune phenotypes of chs3-2D (chilling sensitive 3, 2D), including the arrested growth morphology and heightened PR (Pathogenesis Related) gene expression. Further, six Ro 8-4304 insensitive mutants were uncovered from the Ro 8-4304-insensitive mutant (rim) screen using a mutagenized chs3-2D population. Positional cloning revealed that rim1 encodes an allele of AtICln (I, currents; Cl, chloride; n, nucleotide). Genetic and biochemical analysis demonstrated that AtICln is in the same protein complex with the methylosome components small nuclear ribonucleoprotein D3b (SmD3b) and protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5), which are required for the biogenesis of small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) involved in mRNA splicing. Double mutant analysis revealed that SmD3b is also involved in the sensitivity to Ro 8-4304, and the prmt5-1 chs3-2D double mutant is lethal. Loss of AtICln, SmD3b, or PRMT5 function results in enhanced disease resistance against the virulent oomycete pathogen Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis Noco2, suggesting that mRNA splicing plays a previously unknown negative role in plant immunity. The successful implementation of a high-throughput chemical genetic screen and the identification of a small-molecule compound affecting plant immunity indicate that chemical genetics is a powerful tool to study whole-organism plant defense pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Huang
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Aruna Balgi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Yaping Pan
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Xiaoran Zhang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Lilin Du
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michel Roberge
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Xin Li
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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41
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Cura V, Marechal N, Troffer-Charlier N, Strub JM, van Haren MJ, Martin NI, Cianférani S, Bonnefond L, Cavarelli J. Structural studies of protein arginine methyltransferase 2 reveal its interactions with potential substrates and inhibitors. FEBS J 2016; 284:77-96. [PMID: 27879050 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PRMT2 is the less-characterized member of the protein arginine methyltransferase family in terms of structure, activity, and cellular functions. PRMT2 is a modular protein containing a catalytic Ado-Met-binding domain and unique Src homology 3 domain that binds proteins with proline-rich motifs. PRMT2 is involved in a variety of cellular processes and has diverse roles in transcriptional regulation through different mechanisms depending on its binding partners. PRMT2 has been demonstrated to have weak methyltransferase activity on a histone H4 substrate, but its optimal substrates have not yet been identified. To obtain insights into the function and activity of PRMT2, we solve several crystal structures of PRMT2 from two homologs (zebrafish and mouse) in complex with either the methylation product S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine or other compounds including the first synthetic PRMT2 inhibitor (Cp1) studied so far. We reveal that the N-terminal-containing SH3 module is disordered in the full-length crystal structures, and highlights idiosyncratic features of the PRMT2 active site. We identify a new nonhistone protein substrate belonging to the serine-/arginine-rich protein family which interacts with PRMT2 and we characterize six methylation sites by mass spectrometry. To better understand structural basis for Cp1 binding, we also solve the structure of the complex PRMT4:Cp1. We compare the inhibitor-protein interactions occurring in the PRMT2 and PRMT4 complex crystal structures and show that this compound inhibits efficiently PRMT2. These results are a first step toward a better understanding of PRMT2 substrate recognition and may accelerate the development of structure-based drug design of PRMT2 inhibitors. DATABASE All coordinates and structure factors have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank: zPRMT21-408 -SFG = 5g02; zPRMT273-408 -SAH = 5fub; mPRMT21-445 -SAH = 5ful; mPRMT21-445 -Cp1 = 5fwa, mCARM1130-487 -Cp1 = 5k8v.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Cura
- Department of Integrated Structural Biology, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U596, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Nils Marechal
- Department of Integrated Structural Biology, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U596, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Nathalie Troffer-Charlier
- Department of Integrated Structural Biology, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U596, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Jean-Marc Strub
- BioOrganic Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (LSMBO), IPHC, UMR7178, Université de Strasbourg, France
| | - Matthijs J van Haren
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Nathaniel I Martin
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah Cianférani
- BioOrganic Mass Spectrometry Laboratory (LSMBO), IPHC, UMR7178, Université de Strasbourg, France
| | - Luc Bonnefond
- Department of Integrated Structural Biology, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U596, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Jean Cavarelli
- Department of Integrated Structural Biology, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U596, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
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42
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Jin W, Wang Y, Liu CP, Yang N, Jin M, Cong Y, Wang M, Xu RM. Structural basis for snRNA recognition by the double-WD40 repeat domain of Gemin5. Genes Dev 2016; 30:2391-2403. [PMID: 27881601 PMCID: PMC5131779 DOI: 10.1101/gad.291377.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Assembly of the spliceosomal small nuclear ribonucleoparticle (snRNP) core requires the participation of the multisubunit SMN (survival of motor neuron) complex, which contains SMN and several Gemin proteins. The SMN and Gemin2 subunits directly bind Sm proteins, and Gemin5 is required for snRNP biogenesis and has been implicated in snRNA recognition. The RNA sequence required for snRNP assembly includes the Sm site and an adjacent 3' stem-loop, but a precise understanding of Gemin5's RNA-binding specificity is lacking. Here we show that the N-terminal half of Gemin5, which is composed of two juxtaposed seven-bladed WD40 repeat domains, recognizes the Sm site. The tandem WD40 repeat domains are rigidly held together to form a contiguous RNA-binding surface. RNA-contacting residues are located mostly on loops between β strands on the apical surface of the WD40 domains. Structural and biochemical analyses show that base-stacking interactions involving four aromatic residues and hydrogen bonding by a pair of arginines are crucial for specific recognition of the Sm sequence. We also show that an adenine immediately 5' to the Sm site is required for efficient binding and that Gemin5 can bind short RNA oligos in an alternative mode. Our results provide mechanistic understandings of Gemin5's snRNA-binding specificity as well as valuable insights into the molecular mechanism of RNA binding by WD40 repeat proteins in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxing Jin
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yi Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chao-Pei Liu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Na Yang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mingliang Jin
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yao Cong
- National Center for Protein Science Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Mingzhu Wang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Rui-Ming Xu
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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43
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Lammirato A, Patsch K, Feiereisen F, Maly K, Nofziger C, Paulmichl M, Hackl H, Trajanoski Z, Valovka T, Huber LA, Vietor I. TIS7 induces transcriptional cascade of methylosome components required for muscle differentiation. BMC Biol 2016; 14:95. [PMID: 27782840 PMCID: PMC5080701 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-016-0318-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background TPA Induced Sequence 7 acts as a transcriptional co-regulator controlling the expression of genes involved in differentiation of various cell types, including skeletal myoblasts. We and others have shown that TIS7 regulates adult myogenesis through MyoD, one of the essential myogenic regulatory factors. Results Here, we present data identifying ICln as the specific, novel protein downstream of TIS7 controlling myogenesis. We show that TIS7/ICln epigenetically regulate myoD expression controlling protein methyl transferase activity. In particular, ICln regulates MyoD expression via its interaction with PRMT5 by an epigenetic modification that utilizes symmetrical di-methylation of histone H3 on arginine 8. We provide multiple evidences that TIS7 directly binds DNA, which is a functional feature necessary for its role in transcriptional regulation. Conclusion We present here a molecular insight into TIS7-specific control of MyoD gene expression and thereby skeletal muscle differentiation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12915-016-0318-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Lammirato
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Katherin Patsch
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Fabien Feiereisen
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Karl Maly
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Charity Nofziger
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Paracelsus Medical University, Strubergasse 21, A-5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Markus Paulmichl
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Paracelsus Medical University, Strubergasse 21, A-5020, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Hubert Hackl
- Division of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Zlatko Trajanoski
- Division of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Taras Valovka
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lukas A Huber
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ilja Vietor
- Division of Cell Biology, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
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44
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Marjon K, Cameron MJ, Quang P, Clasquin MF, Mandley E, Kunii K, McVay M, Choe S, Kernytsky A, Gross S, Konteatis Z, Murtie J, Blake ML, Travins J, Dorsch M, Biller SA, Marks KM. MTAP Deletions in Cancer Create Vulnerability to Targeting of the MAT2A/PRMT5/RIOK1 Axis. Cell Rep 2016; 15:574-587. [PMID: 27068473 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Homozygous deletions of p16/CDKN2A are prevalent in cancer, and these mutations commonly involve co-deletion of adjacent genes, including methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP). Here, we used shRNA screening and identified the metabolic enzyme, methionine adenosyltransferase II alpha (MAT2A), and the arginine methyltransferase, PRMT5, as vulnerable enzymes in cells with MTAP deletion. Metabolomic and biochemical studies revealed a mechanistic basis for this synthetic lethality. The MTAP substrate methylthioadenosine (MTA) accumulates upon MTAP loss. Biochemical profiling of a methyltransferase enzyme panel revealed that MTA is a potent and selective inhibitor of PRMT5. MTAP-deleted cells have reduced PRMT5 methylation activity and increased sensitivity to PRMT5 depletion. MAT2A produces the PRMT5 substrate S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), and MAT2A depletion reduces growth and PRMT5 methylation activity selectively in MTAP-deleted cells. Furthermore, this vulnerability extends to PRMT5 co-complex proteins such as RIOK1. Thus, the unique biochemical features of PRMT5 create an axis of targets vulnerable in CDKN2A/MTAP-deleted cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katya Marjon
- Agios Pharmaceuticals, 88 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Phong Quang
- Agios Pharmaceuticals, 88 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - Everton Mandley
- Agios Pharmaceuticals, 88 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kaiko Kunii
- Agios Pharmaceuticals, 88 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Michael McVay
- Agios Pharmaceuticals, 88 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sung Choe
- Agios Pharmaceuticals, 88 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Andrew Kernytsky
- Agios Pharmaceuticals, 88 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Stefan Gross
- Agios Pharmaceuticals, 88 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Zenon Konteatis
- Agios Pharmaceuticals, 88 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Joshua Murtie
- Agios Pharmaceuticals, 88 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Michelle L Blake
- Agios Pharmaceuticals, 88 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jeremy Travins
- Agios Pharmaceuticals, 88 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Marion Dorsch
- Agios Pharmaceuticals, 88 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Scott A Biller
- Agios Pharmaceuticals, 88 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kevin M Marks
- Agios Pharmaceuticals, 88 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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45
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LeBlanc SE, Wu Q, Lamba P, Sif S, Imbalzano AN. Promoter-enhancer looping at the PPARγ2 locus during adipogenic differentiation requires the Prmt5 methyltransferase. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:5133-47. [PMID: 26935580 PMCID: PMC4914087 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PPARγ2 is a critical lineage-determining transcription factor that is essential for adipogenic differentiation. Here we report characterization of the three-dimensional structure of the PPARγ2 locus after the onset of adipogenic differentiation and the mechanisms by which it forms. We identified a differentiation-dependent loop between the PPARγ2 promoter and an enhancer sequence 10 kb upstream that forms at the onset of PPARγ2 expression. The arginine methyltransferase Prmt5 was required for loop formation, and overexpression of Prmt5 resulted in premature loop formation and earlier onset of PPARγ2 expression. Kinetic studies of regulatory factor interactions at the PPARγ2 promoter and enhancer revealed enhanced interaction of Prmt5 with the promoter that preceded stable association of Prmt5 with enhancer sequences. Prmt5 knockdown prevented binding of both MED1, a subunit of Mediator complex that facilitates enhancer–promoter interactions, and Brg1, the ATPase of the mammalian SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling enzyme required for PPARγ2 activation and adipogenic differentiation. The data indicate a dynamic association of Prmt5 with the regulatory sequences of the PPARγ2 gene that facilitates differentiation-dependent, three-dimensional organization of the locus. In addition, other differentiation-specific, long-range chromatin interactions showed Prmt5-dependence, indicating a more general role for Prmt5 in mediating higher-order chromatin connections in differentiating adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott E LeBlanc
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Pallavi Lamba
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Saïd Sif
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, 395 W. 12th Avenue, Third Floor, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Anthony N Imbalzano
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
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46
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Stopa N, Krebs JE, Shechter D. The PRMT5 arginine methyltransferase: many roles in development, cancer and beyond. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:2041-59. [PMID: 25662273 PMCID: PMC4430368 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1847-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 335] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Revised: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational arginine methylation is responsible for regulation of many biological processes. The protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5, also known as Hsl7, Jbp1, Skb1, Capsuleen, or Dart5) is the major enzyme responsible for mono- and symmetric dimethylation of arginine. An expanding literature demonstrates its critical biological function in a wide range of cellular processes. Histone and other protein methylation by PRMT5 regulate genome organization, transcription, stem cells, primordial germ cells, differentiation, the cell cycle, and spliceosome assembly. Metazoan PRMT5 is found in complex with the WD-repeat protein MEP50 (also known as Wdr77, androgen receptor coactivator p44, or Valois). PRMT5 also directly associates with a range of other protein factors, including pICln, Menin, CoPR5 and RioK1 that may alter its subcellular localization and protein substrate selection. Protein substrate and PRMT5-MEP50 post-translation modifications induce crosstalk to regulate PRMT5 activity. Crystal structures of C. elegans PRMT5 and human and frog PRMT5-MEP50 complexes provide substantial insight into the mechanisms of substrate recognition and procession to dimethylation. Enzymological studies of PRMT5 have uncovered compelling insights essential for future development of specific PRMT5 inhibitors. In addition, newly accumulating evidence implicates PRMT5 and MEP50 expression levels and their methyltransferase activity in cancer tumorigenesis, and, significantly, as markers of poor clinical outcome, marking them as potential oncogenes. Here, we review the substantial new literature on PRMT5 and its partners to highlight the significance of understanding this essential enzyme in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Stopa
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Drive, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA
| | - Jocelyn E. Krebs
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Drive, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA
| | - David Shechter
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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47
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Wang M, Fuhrmann J, Thompson PR. Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 catalyzes substrate dimethylation in a distributive fashion. Biochemistry 2014; 53:7884-92. [PMID: 25485739 DOI: 10.1021/bi501279g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) is a histone-modifying enzyme whose activity is aberrantly upregulated in various cancers and thereby contributes to a progrowth phenotype. Indeed, knockdown of PRMT5 leads to growth arrest and apoptosis, suggesting that inhibitors targeting this enzyme may have therapeutic utility in oncology. To aid the development of inhibitors targeting PRMT5, we initiated mechanistic studies geared to understand how PRMT5 selectively catalyzes the symmetric dimethylation of its substrates. Toward that end, we characterized the regiospecificity and processivity of bacterially expressed Caenorhabditis elegans PRMT5 (cPRMT5), insect cell-expressed human PRMT5 (hPRMT5), and human PRMT5 complexed with methylosome protein 50 (MEP50), i.e., the PRMT5·MEP50 complex. Our studies confirm that arginine 3 is the only site of methylation in both histone H4 and H4 tail peptide analogues and that sites distal to the site of methylation promote the efficient symmetric dimethylation of PRMT5 substrates by increasing the affinity of the monomethylated substrate for the enzyme. Additionally, we show for the first time that both cPRMT5 and the hPRMT5·MEP50 complex catalyze substrate dimethylation in a distributive manner, which is assisted by long-range interactions. Finally, our data confirm that MEP50 plays a key role in substrate recognition and activates PRMT5 activity by increasing its affinity for protein substrates. In total, our results suggest that it may be possible to allosterically inhibit PRMT5 by targeting binding pockets outside the active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School , Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
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48
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Wang Z, Zhang J, Ye M, Zhu M, Zhang B, Roy M, Liu J, An X. Tumor suppressor role of protein 4.1B/DAL-1. Cell Mol Life Sci 2014; 71:4815-30. [PMID: 25183197 PMCID: PMC11113756 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-014-1707-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Protein 4.1B/DAL-1 is a membrane skeletal protein that belongs to the protein 4.1 family. Protein 4.1B/DAL-1 is localized to sites of cell-cell contact and functions as an adapter protein, linking the plasma membrane to the cytoskeleton or associated cytoplasmic signaling effectors and facilitating their activities in various pathways. Protein 4.1B/DAL-1 is involved in various cytoskeleton-associated processes, such as cell motility and adhesion. Moreover, protein 4.1B/DAL-1 also plays a regulatory role in cell growth, differentiation, and the establishment of epithelial-like cell structures. Protein 4.1B/DAL-1 is normally expressed in multiple human tissues, but loss of its expression or prominent down-regulation of its expression is frequently observed in corresponding tumor tissues and tumor cell lines, suggesting that protein 4.1B/DAL-1 is involved in the molecular pathogenesis of these tumors and acts as a potential tumor suppressor. This review will focus on the structure of protein 4.1B/DAL-1, 4.1B/DAL-1-interacting molecules, 4.1B/DAL-1 inactivation and tumor progression, and anti-tumor activity of the 4.1B/DAL-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Wang
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078 China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078 China
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001 China
| | - Mao Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082 China
| | - Min Zhu
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078 China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Xiangya School Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410083 China
| | - Mridul Roy
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078 China
| | - Jing Liu
- Molecular Biology Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078 China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, 410078 China
| | - Xiuli An
- Laboratory of Membrane Biology, New York Blood Center, 310 E 67th Street, New York, 10065 USA
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49
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Characterization and in vivo functional analysis of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe ICLN gene. Mol Cell Biol 2013; 34:595-605. [PMID: 24298023 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01407-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
During the early steps of snRNP biogenesis, the survival motor neuron (SMN) complex acts together with the methylosome, an entity formed by the pICln protein, WD45, and the PRMT5 methyltransferase. To expand our understanding of the functional relationship between pICln and SMN in vivo, we performed a genetic analysis of an uncharacterized Schizosaccharomyces pombe pICln homolog. Although not essential, the S. pombe ICln (SpICln) protein is important for optimal yeast cell growth. The human ICLN gene complements the Δicln slow-growth phenotype, demonstrating that the identified SpICln sequence is the bona fide human homolog. Consistent with the role of human pICln inferred from in vitro experiments, we found that the SpICln protein is required for optimal production of the spliceosomal snRNPs and for efficient splicing in vivo. Genetic interaction approaches further demonstrate that modulation of ICln activity is unable to compensate for growth defects of SMN-deficient cells. Using a genome-wide approach and reverse transcription (RT)-PCR validation tests, we also show that splicing is differentially altered in Δicln cells. Our data are consistent with the notion that splice site selection and spliceosome kinetics are highly dependent on the concentration of core spliceosomal components.
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50
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Wei H, Mundade R, Lange K, Lu T. Protein arginine methylation of non-histone proteins and its role in diseases. Cell Cycle 2013; 13:32-41. [PMID: 24296620 PMCID: PMC3925732 DOI: 10.4161/cc.27353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) are a family of enzymes that can methylate arginine residues on histones and other proteins. PRMTs play a crucial role in influencing various cellular functions, including cellular development and tumorigenesis. Arginine methylation by PRMTs is found on both nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. Recently, there is increasing evidence regarding post-translational modifications of non-histone proteins by PRMTs, illustrating the previously unknown importance of PRMTs in the regulation of various cellular functions by post-translational modifications. In this review, we present the recent developments in the regulation of non-histone proteins by PRMTs.
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