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Ray S, DeSilva C, Dasgupta I, Mana-Capelli S, Cruz-Calderon N, McCollum D. The ability of the LIMD1 and TRIP6 LIM domains to bind strained f-actin is critical for their tension dependent localization to adherens junctions and association with the Hippo pathway kinase LATS1. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2024:10.1002/cm.21847. [PMID: 38426816 PMCID: PMC11366040 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
A key step in regulation of Hippo pathway signaling in response to mechanical tension is recruitment of the LIM domain proteins TRIP6 and LIMD1 to adherens junctions. Mechanical tension also triggers TRIP6 and LIMD1 to bind and inhibit the Hippo pathway kinase LATS1. How TRIP6 and LIMD1 are recruited to adherens junctions in response to tension is not clear, but previous studies suggested that they could be regulated by the known mechanosensory proteins α-catenin and vinculin at adherens junctions. We found that the three LIM domains of TRIP6 and LIMD1 are necessary and sufficient for tension-dependent localization to adherens junctions. The LIM domains of TRIP6, LIMD1, and certain other LIM domain proteins have been shown to bind to actin networks under strain/tension. Consistent with this, we show that TRIP6 and LIMD1 colocalize with the ends of actin fibers at adherens junctions. Point mutations in a key conserved residue in each LIM domain that are predicted to impair binding to f-actin under strain inhibits TRIP6 and LIMD1 localization to adherens junctions and their ability to bind to and recruit LATS1 to adherens junctions. Together these results show that the ability of TRIP6 and LIMD1 to bind to strained actin underlies their ability to localize to adherens junctions and regulate LATS1 in response to mechanical tension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samriddha Ray
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biotechnology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605
| | - Chamika DeSilva
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biotechnology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605
| | - Ishani Dasgupta
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biotechnology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605
| | - Sebastian Mana-Capelli
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biotechnology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605
| | - Natasha Cruz-Calderon
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biotechnology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605
| | - Dannel McCollum
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biotechnology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605
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Lau LN, Cho JH, Jo YH, Yeo ISL. Biological effects of gamma-ray sterilization on 3 mol% yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal: An in vitro study. J Prosthet Dent 2023; 130:936.e1-936.e9. [PMID: 37802736 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2023.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Selecting the sterilization method is important because sterilization can alter the surface chemistry of implant materials, including zirconia, and influence their cellular biocompatibility. Studies on the biological effects of sterilization on implant materials are lacking. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the biocompatibility of gamma-ray irradiated 3 mol% yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (3Y-TZP) compared with unirradiated titanium, 3Y-TZP, and pure gold. MATERIAL AND METHODS Disk-shaped specimens each of commercially pure grade 4 titanium, 3Y-TZP, gamma-rayed 3Y-TZP, and pure gold were prepared and evaluated for osteogenic potential by using a clonal murine cell line of immature osteoblasts derived from mice (MC3T3-E1 cells). The surface topography (n=3), chemical analysis of the disks (n=3), and cell morphology cultured on these surfaces were examined using scanning electron microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy. Cellular biocompatibility was analyzed for 1 and 3 days after seeding. Cell adhesion and spreading were evaluated using confocal laser scanning microscopy (n=3). Cell proliferation was evaluated using methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay (n=3). Kruskal-Wallis and Bonferroni corrections were used to evaluate the statistical significance of the intergroup differences (α=.05). RESULTS Gamma-ray sterilization of 3Y-TZP showed significantly higher surface roughness compared with titanium and gold (P<.002). On day 1, the proliferation and adhesion of MC3T3-E1 cells cultured on gamma-rayed 3Y-TZP were significantly higher than those cultured on gold (P<.05); however, cell spreading was significantly lower than that of titanium on days 1 and 3 (P<.05). On day 3, cell proliferation of gamma-rayed 3Y-TZP was significantly lower than that of unirradiated 3Y-TZP (P<.05). Cell adhesion of gamma-rayed 3Y-TZP was slightly lower than that of zirconia and titanium but without significant difference (P>.05). CONCLUSIONS Gamma-rayed zirconia exhibited increased surface roughness compared with titanium and significantly decreased bioactivity compared with titanium and zirconia. The use of gamma-ray sterilization on zirconia is not promising regarding biocompatibility, and the effect of this sterilization method on implant materials warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Na Lau
- Graduate student, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Ho Cho
- Clinical Instructor, Department of Prosthodontics, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye-Hyeon Jo
- Senior Researcher, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Sung Luke Yeo
- Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea..
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Han X, Hu Z, Surya W, Ma Q, Zhou F, Nordenskiöld L, Torres J, Lu L, Miao Y. The intrinsically disordered region of coronins fine-tunes oligomerization and actin polymerization. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112594. [PMID: 37269287 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronins play critical roles in actin network formation. The diverse functions of coronins are regulated by the structured N-terminal β propeller and the C-terminal coiled coil (CC). However, less is known about a middle "unique region" (UR), which is an intrinsically disordered region (IDR). The UR/IDR is an evolutionarily conserved signature in the coronin family. By integrating biochemical and cell biology experiments, coarse-grained simulations, and protein engineering, we find that the IDR optimizes the biochemical activities of coronins in vivo and in vitro. The budding yeast coronin IDR plays essential roles in regulating Crn1 activity by fine-tuning CC oligomerization and maintaining Crn1 as a tetramer. The IDR-guided optimization of Crn1 oligomerization is critical for F-actin cross-linking and regulation of Arp2/3-mediated actin polymerization. The final oligomerization status and homogeneity of Crn1 are contributed by three examined factors: helix packing, the energy landscape of the CC, and the length and molecular grammar of the IDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Han
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Zixin Hu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Wahyu Surya
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Qianqian Ma
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Feng Zhou
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Lars Nordenskiöld
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Jaume Torres
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Lanyuan Lu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore
| | - Yansong Miao
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637551, Singapore; Institute for Digital Molecular Analytics and Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 636921, Singapore.
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Essa A, Essa ES, El-deeb SM, Seleem HEM, Al Sahlawi M, Al-Omair OA, Shehab-Eldeen S. Elevated Serum Vinculin in Patients with HBV/HCV-Associated Liver Cirrhosis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Pilot Study. Biologics 2023; 17:23-32. [PMID: 36969330 PMCID: PMC10035354 DOI: 10.2147/btt.s405500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2023]
Abstract
Background The stiffness of the extracellular matrix (ECM) controls many cellular processes, such as migration and differentiation. Cells detect stiffness through adhesion structures termed focal adhesions (FAs). Vinculin, an actin-binding FA protein, plays a pivotal role in FA-mediated mechanotransduction. Aim This study aimed to explore the role of vinculin in the development of HBV/HCV-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods Vinculin levels in a total number of 100 serum samples from patients with HBV/HCV-induced liver cirrhosis and HCC, as well as healthy controls, were analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results In patients with HCC and liver cirrhosis, the serum vinculin levels were significantly greater than in controls (503.8±242.2 and 728.4±1044.8 vs 77.7±36.1 respectively, p<0.001). However, results showed no link between serum vinculin and the clinicopathological features of HCC. Conclusion Patients with HBVor HCV-induced liver cirrhosis and HCC have significantly higher serum levels of vinculin than do controls. This might point to a potential role for vinculin in the development of HCC. More research into how this protein affects the development of HCC at the molecular level could lead to better clinical treatments and the development of new molecular therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdallah Essa
- Tropical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin Elkom, Egypt
- Internal Medicine Department, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Enas Said Essa
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin Elkom, Egypt
| | - Sara Mahmoud El-deeb
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin Elkom, Egypt
| | | | - Muthana Al Sahlawi
- Internal Medicine Department, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Ahmed Al-Omair
- Internal Medicine Department, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Somaia Shehab-Eldeen
- Tropical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin Elkom, Egypt
- Internal Medicine Department, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: Somaia Shehab-Eldeen, Tropical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Yassen Abd Al Ghafar Street, Shebin Elkom, Menoufia Governorate, 32511, Egypt, Tel +201117251523, Email
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5
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Zhao Y, Lykov N, Tzeng C. Talin‑1 interaction network in cellular mechanotransduction (Review). Int J Mol Med 2022; 49:60. [PMID: 35266014 PMCID: PMC8930095 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2022.5116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanical signals within the extracellular matrix (ECM) regulate cell growth, proliferation and differentiation, and integrins function as the hub between the ECM and cellular actin. Focal adhesions (FAs) are multi‑protein, integrin‑containing complexes, acting as tension‑sensing anchoring points that bond cells to the extracellular microenvironment. Talin‑1 serves as the central protein of FAs that participates in the activation of integrins and connects them with the actin cytoskeleton. As a cytoplasmic protein, Talin‑1 consists of a globular head domain and a long rod comprised of a series of α‑helical bundles. The unique structure of the Talin‑1 rod domain permits folding and unfolding in response to the mechanical stress, revealing various binding sites. Thus, conformation changes of the Talin‑1 rod domain enable the cell to convert mechanical signals into chemical through multiple signaling pathways. The present review discusses the binding partners of Talin‑1, their interactions, effects on the cellular processes, and their possible roles in diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, P.R. China
| | - Nikita Lykov
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, P.R. China
| | - Chimeng Tzeng
- Translational Medicine Research Center-Key Laboratory for Cancer T-Cell Theragnostic and Clinical Translation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P.R. China
- Xiamen Chang Gung Hospital Medical Research Center, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, P.R. China
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Ultraviolet Treatment of Titanium to Enhance Adhesion and Retention of Oral Mucosa Connective Tissue and Fibroblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212396. [PMID: 34830275 PMCID: PMC8617952 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Peri-implantitis is an unsolved but critical problem with dental implants. It is postulated that creating a seal of gingival soft tissue around the implant neck is key to preventing peri-implantitis. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of UV surface treatment of titanium disks on the adhesion strength and retention time of oral connective tissues as well as on the adherence of mucosal fibroblasts. Titanium disks with a smooth machined surface were prepared and treated with UV light for 15 min. Keratinized mucosal tissue sections (3 × 3 mm) from rat palates were incubated for 24 h on the titanium disks. The adhered tissue sections were then mechanically detached by agitating the culture dishes. The tissue sections remained adherent for significantly longer (15.5 h) on the UV-treated disks than on the untreated control disks (7.5 h). A total of 94% of the tissue sections were adherent for 5 h or longer on the UV-treated disks, whereas only 50% of the sections remained on the control disks for 5 h. The adhesion strength of the tissue sections to the titanium disks, as measured by tensile testing, was six times greater after UV treatment. In the culture studies, mucosal fibroblasts extracted from rat palates were attached to titanium disks by incubating for 24, 48, or 96 h. The number of attached cells was consistently 15–30% greater on the UV-treated disks than on the control disks. The cells were then subjected to mechanical or chemical (trypsinization) detachment. After mechanical detachment, the residual cell rates on the UV-treated surfaces after 24 and 48 h of incubation were 35% and 25% higher, respectively, than those on the control surfaces. The remaining rate after chemical detachment was 74% on the control surface and 88% on the UV-treated surface for the cells cultured for 48 h. These trends were also confirmed in mouse embryonic fibroblasts, with an intense expression of vinculin, a focal adhesion protein, on the UV-treated disks even after detachment. The UV-treated titanium was superhydrophilic, whereas the control titanium was hydrophobic. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) chemical analysis revealed that the amount of carbon at the surface was significantly reduced after UV treatment, while the amount of TiOH molecules was increased. These ex vivo and in vitro results indicate that the UV treatment of titanium increases the adhesion and retention of oral mucosa connective tissue as a result of increased resistance of constituent fibroblasts against exogenous detachment, both mechanically and chemically, as well as UV-induced physicochemical changes of the titanium surface.
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Wang Y, Yao M, Baker KB, Gough RE, Le S, Goult BT, Yan J. Force-Dependent Interactions between Talin and Full-Length Vinculin. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:14726-14737. [PMID: 34463480 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c06223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Talin and vinculin are part of a multicomponent system involved in mechanosensing in cell-matrix adhesions. Both exist in autoinhibited forms, and activation of vinculin requires binding to mechanically activated talin, yet how forces affect talin's interaction with vinculin has not been investigated. Here by quantifying the kinetics of force-dependent talin-vinculin interactions using single-molecule analysis, we show that mechanical exposure of a single vinculin binding site (VBS) in talin is sufficient to relieve the autoinhibition of vinculin, resulting in high-affinity binding. We provide evidence that the vinculin undergoes dynamic fluctuations between an autoinhibited closed conformation and an open conformation that is stabilized upon binding to the VBS. Furthermore, we discover an additional level of regulation in which the mechanically exposed VBS binds vinculin significantly more tightly than the isolated VBS alone. Molecular dynamics simulations reveal the basis of this new regulatory mechanism, identifying a sensitive force-dependent change in the conformation of an exposed VBS that modulates binding. Together, these results provide a comprehensive understanding of how the interplay between force and autoinhibition provides exquisite complexity within this major mechanosensing axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Wang
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117546, Singapore
| | - Mingxi Yao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Karen B Baker
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, U.K
| | | | - Shimin Le
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117546, Singapore
| | - Benjamin T Goult
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NJ, U.K
| | - Jie Yan
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117546, Singapore.,Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
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Vinje JB, Guadagno NA, Progida C, Sikorski P. Analysis of Actin and Focal Adhesion Organisation in U2OS Cells on Polymer Nanostructures. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2021; 16:143. [PMID: 34524556 PMCID: PMC8443752 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-021-03598-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this work, we explore how U2OS cells are affected by arrays of polymer nanopillars fabricated on flat glass surfaces. We focus on describing changes to the organisation of the actin cytoskeleton and in the location, number and shape of focal adhesions. From our findings we identify that the cells can be categorised into different regimes based on their spreading and adhesion behaviour on nanopillars. A quantitative analysis suggests that cells seeded on dense nanopillar arrays are suspended on top of the pillars with focal adhesions forming closer to the cell periphery compared to flat surfaces or sparse pillar arrays. This change is analogous to similar responses for cells seeded on soft substrates. RESULTS In this work, we explore how U2OS cells are affected by arrays of polymer nanopillars fabricated on flat glass surfaces. We focus on describing changes to the organisation of the actin cytoskeleton and in the location, number and shape of focal adhesions. From our findings we identify that the cells can be categorised into different regimes based on their spreading and adhesion behaviour on nanopillars. A quantitative analysis suggests that cells seeded on dense nanopillar arrays are suspended on top of the pillars with focal adhesions forming closer to the cell periphery compared to flat surfaces or sparse pillar arrays. This change is analogous to similar responses for cells seeded on soft substrates. CONCLUSION Overall, we show that the combination of high throughput nanofabrication, advanced optical microscopy, molecular biology tools to visualise cellular processes and data analysis can be used to investigate how cells interact with nanostructured surfaces and will in the future help to create culture substrates that induce particular cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob B Vinje
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
- Department of Electronic Systems, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.
| | | | - Cinzia Progida
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo (UiO), Oslo, Norway
| | - Pawel Sikorski
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
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Gajiwala M, Paliwal J, Husain SY, Dadarwal A, Kalla R, Sharma V, Sharma M. Influence of surface modification of titanium implants on improving osseointegration: An in vitro study. J Prosthet Dent 2021; 126:405.e1-405.e7. [PMID: 34376285 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2021.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM The effect of aging and the surface treatment of implants on osseointegration needs to be evaluated. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of aging and the surface treatment of titanium with ultraviolet (UV) radiation and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) on hydrophilicity and cell growth and thus on osseointegration. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 28 specimens were divided into 2 groups to measure hydrophilicity (n=14) and cell growth (n=14). Each group was further divided into 4 groups according to surface modification. These include the control group (CG) (nascent specimens), aged group (AG) (nascent specimens aged for 4 weeks), photofunctionalized group (PG) (aged specimens UV-A treated), and mimed group (MG) (aged specimens UV-A and FGF2 treated). The PG and MG specimens were treated with UV-A light for 40 minutes. The biomimetic surface modification was performed for MG. Hydrophilicity was measured by using the contact angle in relation to the surface of titanium disks with the help of a drop shape analyzing device (KRUSS), and cell growth was measured by calculating the number of stem cells per cm2 with the help of a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis with a statistical software program (α=.05). RESULTS The lowest contact angle values were found in PG (13.52 ±0.90 degrees) and the highest in AG (70.54 ±1.72 degrees). The highest number of cells per cm2 (2880 ±99.33) were found for MG, and the lowest number of cells per cm2 (760 ±9.17) for AG. CONCLUSIONS Aging decreased the hydrophilicity and cell adhesion, migration, and growth on the titanium surface. UV treatment improved the hydrophilicity, cell adhesion, migration, and growth for both CG and AG. FGF2 treatment increased the cell adhesion, migration, and growth for CG, AG, and PG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohini Gajiwala
- Post Graduate student, Department of Prosthodontics, Crown & bridge, R.U.H.S. College of Dental Sciences, Jaipur, India
| | - Jyoti Paliwal
- Professor and Head, Department of Prosthodontics, Crown & bridge, R.U.H.S. College of Dental Sciences, Jaipur, India.
| | - Syed Yawer Husain
- Assistant Professor, Department of Dental Materials, R.U.H.S. College of Dental Sciences, Jaipur, India
| | - Ashish Dadarwal
- Senior Demonstrator, Department of Prosthodontics, Crown & bridge, R.U.H.S. College of Dental Sciences, Jaipur, India
| | - Rajni Kalla
- Assistant Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, Crown & bridge, R.U.H.S. College of Dental Sciences, Jaipur, India
| | - Vineet Sharma
- Medical Officer (Dental), Department of Prosthodontics, Crown & bridge, R.U.H.S. College of Dental Sciences, Jaipur, India
| | - Meenakshi Sharma
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pedodontics, R.U.H.S. College of Dental Sciences, Jaipur, India
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Kim HR, Park JS, Karabulut H, Yasmin F, Jun CD. Transgelin-2: A Double-Edged Sword in Immunity and Cancer Metastasis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:606149. [PMID: 33898417 PMCID: PMC8060441 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.606149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transgelin-2, a small actin-binding protein, is the only transgelin family member expressed in immune cells. In T and B lymphocytes, transgelin-2 is constitutively expressed, but in antigen-presenting cells, it is significantly upregulated upon lipopolysaccharide stimulation. Transgelin-2 acts as a molecular staple to stabilize the actin cytoskeleton, and it competes with cofilin to bind filamentous (F)-actin. This action may enable immune synapse stabilization during T-cell interaction with cognate antigen-presenting cells. Furthermore, transgelin-2 blocks Arp2/3 complex-nucleated actin branching, which is presumably related to small filopodia formation, enhanced phagocytic function, and antigen presentation. Overall, transgelin-2 is an essential part of the molecular armament required for host defense against neoplasms and infectious diseases. However, transgelin-2 acts as a double-edged sword, as its expression is also essential for a wide range of tumor development, including drug resistance and metastasis. Thus, targeting transgelin-2 can also have a therapeutic advantage for cancer treatment; selectively suppressing transgelin-2 expression may prevent multidrug resistance in cancer chemotherapy. Here, we review newly discovered molecular characteristics of transgelin-2 and discuss clinical applications for cancer and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Ran Kim
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, South Korea.,Immune Synapse and Cell Therapy Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Su Park
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, South Korea.,Immune Synapse and Cell Therapy Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Hatice Karabulut
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, South Korea.,Immune Synapse and Cell Therapy Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Fatima Yasmin
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, South Korea.,Immune Synapse and Cell Therapy Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Chang-Duk Jun
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, South Korea.,Immune Synapse and Cell Therapy Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, South Korea
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Boujemaa-Paterski R, Martins B, Eibauer M, Beales CT, Geiger B, Medalia O. Talin-activated vinculin interacts with branched actin networks to initiate bundles. eLife 2020; 9:e53990. [PMID: 33185186 PMCID: PMC7682986 DOI: 10.7554/elife.53990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vinculin plays a fundamental role in integrin-mediated cell adhesion. Activated by talin, it interacts with diverse adhesome components, enabling mechanical coupling between the actin cytoskeleton and the extracellular matrix. Here we studied the interactions of activated full-length vinculin with actin and the way it regulates the organization and dynamics of the Arp2/3 complex-mediated branched actin network. Through a combination of surface patterning and light microscopy experiments we show that vinculin can bundle dendritic actin networks through rapid binding and filament crosslinking. We show that vinculin promotes stable but flexible actin bundles having a mixed-polarity organization, as confirmed by cryo-electron tomography. Adhesion-like synthetic design of vinculin activation by surface-bound talin revealed that clustered vinculin can initiate and immobilize bundles from mobile Arp2/3-branched networks. Our results provide a molecular basis for coordinate actin bundle formation at nascent adhesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajaa Boujemaa-Paterski
- Department of Biochemistry, University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
- Université Grenoble AlpesGrenobleFrance
| | - Bruno Martins
- Department of Biochemistry, University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Matthias Eibauer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Charlie T Beales
- Department of Biochemistry, University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Benjamin Geiger
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| | - Ohad Medalia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
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Kraemer BF, Geimer M, Franz-Wachtel M, Lamkemeyer T, Mannell H, Lindemann S. Extracellular Matrix-Specific Platelet Activation Leads to a Differential Translational Response and Protein De Novo Synthesis in Human Platelets. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218155. [PMID: 33142786 PMCID: PMC7672557 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelets are exposed to extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins like collagen and laminin and to fibrinogen during acute vascular events. However, beyond hemostasis, platelets have the important capacity to migrate on ECM surfaces, but the translational response of platelets to different extracellular matrix stimuli is still not fully characterized. Using 2D-gel electrophoresis, confocal microscopy, polysome analysis and protein sequencing by mass spectrometry, we demonstrate that platelets show a differential expression profile of newly synthesized proteins on laminin, collagen or fibrinogen. In this context, we observed a characteristic, ECM-dependent translocation phenotype of translation initiation factor eIF4E to the ribosomal site. eIF4E accumulated in polysomes with increased binding of mRNA and co-localization with vinculin, leading to de novo synthesis of important cytoskeletal regulator proteins. As the first study, we included a proteome analysis of laminin-adherent platelets and interestingly identified upregulation of essentially important proteins that mediate cytoskeletal regulation and mobility in platelets, such as filamin A, talin, vinculin, gelsolin, coronin or kindlin-3. In summary, we demonstrate that platelet activation with extracellular matrix proteins results in a distinct stimulus-specific translational response of platelets that will help to improve our understanding of the regulation of platelet mobility and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjoern F. Kraemer
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Universität München, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377 Munich, Germany;
| | - Marc Geimer
- Klinik für Anästhesie, Intensiv- und Notfallmedizin, Westpfalz Klinikum Kaiserslautern, Hellmut-Hartert Str. 1, 67655 Kaiserslautern, Germany;
| | - Mirita Franz-Wachtel
- Proteasome Center Tuebingen, University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
| | - Tobias Lamkemeyer
- Cluster of Excellence Cologne (CEDAD), Mass Spectrometry Facility at the Institute for Genetics, University of Köln, Josef-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Köln, Germany;
| | - Hanna Mannell
- Doctoral Programme of Clinical Pharmacy, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistr. 27, 81377 Munich, Germany;
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pathophysiology Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Großhaderner Str. 9, 82152 Planegg, Germany
| | - Stephan Lindemann
- Philipps Universität Marburg, FB 20-Medizin, Baldingerstraße, 35032 Marburg, Germany
- Klinikum Warburg, Medizinische Klinik II, Hüffertstr. 50, 34414 Warburg, Germany
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik III, Otfried-Muller-Str. 10, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Correspondence:
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13
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Superficial and deep zone articular chondrocytes exhibit differences in actin polymerization status and actin-associated molecules in vitro. OSTEOARTHRITIS AND CARTILAGE OPEN 2020; 2:100071. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ocarto.2020.100071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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14
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Selig M, Lauer JC, Hart ML, Rolauffs B. Mechanotransduction and Stiffness-Sensing: Mechanisms and Opportunities to Control Multiple Molecular Aspects of Cell Phenotype as a Design Cornerstone of Cell-Instructive Biomaterials for Articular Cartilage Repair. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5399. [PMID: 32751354 PMCID: PMC7432012 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Since material stiffness controls many cell functions, we reviewed the currently available knowledge on stiffness sensing and elucidated what is known in the context of clinical and experimental articular cartilage (AC) repair. Remarkably, no stiffness information on the various biomaterials for clinical AC repair was accessible. Using mRNA expression profiles and morphology as surrogate markers of stiffness-related effects, we deduced that the various clinically available biomaterials control chondrocyte (CH) phenotype well, but not to equal extents, and only in non-degenerative settings. Ample evidence demonstrates that multiple molecular aspects of CH and mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) phenotype are susceptible to material stiffness, because proliferation, migration, lineage determination, shape, cytoskeletal properties, expression profiles, cell surface receptor composition, integrin subunit expression, and nuclear shape and composition of CHs and/or MSCs are stiffness-regulated. Moreover, material stiffness modulates MSC immuno-modulatory and angiogenic properties, transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1)-induced lineage determination, and CH re-differentiation/de-differentiation, collagen type II fragment production, and TGF-β1- and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β)-induced changes in cell stiffness and traction force. We then integrated the available molecular signaling data into a stiffness-regulated CH phenotype model. Overall, we recommend using material stiffness for controlling cell phenotype, as this would be a promising design cornerstone for novel future-oriented, cell-instructive biomaterials for clinical high-quality AC repair tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mischa Selig
- G.E.R.N. Research Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center—Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79085 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; (M.S.); (J.C.L.); (M.L.H.)
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestrasse 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jasmin C. Lauer
- G.E.R.N. Research Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center—Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79085 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; (M.S.); (J.C.L.); (M.L.H.)
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestrasse 1, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Melanie L. Hart
- G.E.R.N. Research Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center—Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79085 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; (M.S.); (J.C.L.); (M.L.H.)
| | - Bernd Rolauffs
- G.E.R.N. Research Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center—Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79085 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany; (M.S.); (J.C.L.); (M.L.H.)
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15
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Dasgupta I, McCollum D. Control of cellular responses to mechanical cues through YAP/TAZ regulation. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:17693-17706. [PMID: 31594864 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev119.007963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To perceive their three-dimensional environment, cells and tissues must be able to sense and interpret various physical forces like shear, tensile, and compression stress. These forces can be generated both internally and externally in response to physical properties, like substrate stiffness, cell contractility, and forces generated by adjacent cells. Mechanical cues have important roles in cell fate decisions regarding proliferation, survival, and differentiation as well as the processes of tissue regeneration and wound repair. Aberrant remodeling of the extracellular space and/or defects in properly responding to mechanical cues likely contributes to various disease states, such as fibrosis, muscle diseases, and cancer. Mechanotransduction involves the sensing and translation of mechanical forces into biochemical signals, like activation of specific genes and signaling cascades that enable cells to adapt to their physical environment. The signaling pathways involved in mechanical signaling are highly complex, but numerous studies have highlighted a central role for the Hippo pathway and other signaling networks in regulating the YAP and TAZ (YAP/TAZ) proteins to mediate the effects of mechanical stimuli on cellular behavior. How mechanical cues control YAP/TAZ has been poorly understood. However, rapid progress in the last few years is beginning to reveal a surprisingly diverse set of pathways for controlling YAP/TAZ. In this review, we will focus on how mechanical perturbations are sensed through changes in the actin cytoskeleton and mechanosensors at focal adhesions, adherens junctions, and the nuclear envelope to regulate YAP/TAZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishani Dasgupta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
| | - Dannel McCollum
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605
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16
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Vukelic S, Xu Q, Seidel-Rogol B, Faidley EA, Dikalova AE, Hilenski LL, Jorde U, Poole LB, Lassègue B, Zhang G, Griendling KK. NOX4 (NADPH Oxidase 4) and Poldip2 (Polymerase δ-Interacting Protein 2) Induce Filamentous Actin Oxidation and Promote Its Interaction With Vinculin During Integrin-Mediated Cell Adhesion. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 38:2423-2434. [PMID: 30354218 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.118.311668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective- Actin cytoskeleton assembly and organization, as a result of focal adhesion (FA) formation during cell adhesion, are dependent on reactive oxygen species and the cellular redox environment. Poldip2 (polymerase δ-interacting protein 2), a novel regulator of NOX4 (NADPH oxidase 4), plays a significant role in reactive oxygen species production and cytoskeletal remodeling. Thus, we hypothesized that endogenous reactive oxygen species derived from Poldip2/NOX4 contribute to redox regulation of actin and cytoskeleton assembly during integrin-mediated cell adhesion. Approach and Results- Using vascular smooth muscle cells, we verified that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels increase during integrin-mediated cell attachment as a result of activation of NOX4. Filamentous actin (F-actin) was oxidized by sulfenylation during cell attachment, with a peak at 3 hours (0.80±0.04 versus 0.08±0.13 arbitrary units at time zero), which was enhanced by overexpression of Poldip2. Depletion of Poldip2 or NOX4 using siRNA, or scavenging of endogenous H2O2 with catalase, inhibited F-actin oxidation by 78±26%, 99±1%, and 98±1%, respectively. To determine the consequence of F-actin oxidation, we examined the binding of F-actin to vinculin, a protein involved in FA complexes that regulates FA maturation. Vinculin binding during cell adhesion as well as migration capacity were inhibited after transfection with actin containing 2 oxidation-resistant point mutations (C272A and C374A). Silencing of Poldip2 or NOX4 also impaired actin-vinculin interaction, which disturbed maturation of FAs and inhibited cell migration. Conclusions- These results suggest that integrin engagement during cell attachment activates Poldip2/Nox4 to oxidize actin, which modulates FA assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasa Vukelic
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (S.V., Q.X., B.S.-R., E.A.F., L.L.H., B.L., K.K.G.).,Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (S.V., U.J.)
| | - Qian Xu
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (S.V., Q.X., B.S.-R., E.A.F., L.L.H., B.L., K.K.G.).,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China (Q.X., G.Z.)
| | - Bonnie Seidel-Rogol
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (S.V., Q.X., B.S.-R., E.A.F., L.L.H., B.L., K.K.G.)
| | - Elizabeth A Faidley
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (S.V., Q.X., B.S.-R., E.A.F., L.L.H., B.L., K.K.G.)
| | - Anna E Dikalova
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (A.E.D.)
| | - Lula L Hilenski
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (S.V., Q.X., B.S.-R., E.A.F., L.L.H., B.L., K.K.G.)
| | - Ulrich Jorde
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY (S.V., U.J.)
| | - Leslie B Poole
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Signaling, Center for Redox Biology and Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC (L.B.P.)
| | - Bernard Lassègue
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (S.V., Q.X., B.S.-R., E.A.F., L.L.H., B.L., K.K.G.)
| | - Guogang Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China (Q.X., G.Z.)
| | - Kathy K Griendling
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA (S.V., Q.X., B.S.-R., E.A.F., L.L.H., B.L., K.K.G.)
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17
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Yap AS, Duszyc K, Viasnoff V. Mechanosensing and Mechanotransduction at Cell-Cell Junctions. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2018; 10:cshperspect.a028761. [PMID: 28778874 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a028761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cell adhesion systems are defined by their ability to resist detachment force. Our understanding of the biology of cell-cell adhesions has recently been transformed by the realization that many of the forces that act on those adhesions are generated by the cells that they couple together; and that force at adhesive junctions can be sensed to regulate cell behavior. Here, we consider the mechanisms responsible for applying force to cell-cell junctions and the mechanosensory pathways that detect those forces. We focus on cadherins, as these are the best-studied examples to date, but it is likely that similar principles will apply to other molecular systems that can engage with force-generators within cells and physically couple those cells together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alpha S Yap
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Division of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Kinga Duszyc
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Division of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Virgile Viasnoff
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411.,CNRS, Singapore 117411
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18
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Elkhidir Y, Lai R, Feng Z. The impact of photofunctionalized gold nanoparticles on osseointegration. Heliyon 2018; 4:e00662. [PMID: 30094359 PMCID: PMC6077240 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to create a new surface topography using simulated body fluids (SBF) and Gold Nanoparticles (GNPs) and then to assess the influence of UV Photofunctionalization (PhF) on the osteogenic capacity of these surfaces. MATERIALS AND METHODS Titanium plates were divided into six groups All were acid etched with 67% Sulfuric acid, 4 were immersed in SBF and 2 of these were treated with 10 nm GNPs. Half of the TiO2 plates were photofunctionalized to be compared with the non-PhF ones. Rat's bone marrow stem cells were seeded into the plates and then CCK8 assay, cell viability assay, immunofluorescence, and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were done after 24 hours. Gene expression analysis was done using real time quantitative PCR (qPCR) one week later to check for the mRNA expression of Collagen-1, Osteopontin and Osteocalcin. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was assessed after 2 weeks of cell seeding. RESULTS Our new topography has shown remarkable osteogenic potential. The new surface was the most biocompatible, and the 10 nm GNPs did not show any cytotoxicity. There was a significant increase in bioactivity, enhanced gene expressions and ALP activity. CONCLUSIONS GNPs enhances osteogenic differentiation of stem cells and Photofunctionalizing GNPs highly increases this. We have further created a novel highly efficient topography which highly enhances the speed and extent of osseointegration. This may have great potential for improving treatment outcomes for implant, maxillofacial as well as orthopedic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhiqiang Feng
- Implant Department – Suihua, The First Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Jinan University, PR China
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19
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TAGLN2 polymerizes G-actin in a low ionic state but blocks Arp2/3-nucleated actin branching in physiological conditions. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5503. [PMID: 29615809 PMCID: PMC5883021 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23816-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
TAGLN is an actin-binding protein family that comprises three isoforms with theorized roles in smooth muscle differentiation, tumour development, lymphocyte activation, and brain chemistry. However, their fundamental characteristics in regulation of the actin-based cytoskeleton are not fully understood. Here we show that TAGLN2 (including TAGLN1 and TAGLN3) extensively nucleates G-actin polymerization under low-salt conditions, where polymerization would be completely suppressed. The calponin homology domain and actin-binding loop are essential to mechanically connect two adjacent G-actins, thereby mediating multimeric interactions. However, TAGLN2 blocked the Arp2/3 complex binding to actin filaments under physiological salt conditions, thereby inhibiting branched actin nucleation. In HeLa and T cells, TAGLN2 enhanced filopodium-like membrane protrusion. Collectively, the dual functional nature of TAGLN2—G-actin polymerization and Arp2/3 complex inhibition—may account for the mechanisms of filopodia development at the edge of Arp2/3-rich lamellipodia in various cell types.
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20
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Strohbach A, Pennewitz M, Glaubitz M, Palankar R, Groß S, Lorenz F, Materzok I, Rong A, Busch MC, Felix SB, Delcea M, Busch R. The apelin receptor influences biomechanical and morphological properties of endothelial cells. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:6250-6261. [PMID: 29369349 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The adaption of endothelial cells to local flow conditions is a multifunctional process which leads to distinct alterations in cell shape, the subcellular distribution of structural proteins, and cellular function. G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have been identified to be fundamentally involved in such processes. Recently, we and others have shown that the expression of the endothelial GPCR apelin receptor (APJ) is regulated by fluid flow and that activation of APJ participates in signaling pathways which are related to processes of mechanotransduction. The present study aims to illuminate these findings by further visualization of APJ function. We show that APJ is located to the cellular junctions and might thus be associated with platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Furthermore, siRNA-mediated silencing of APJ expression influences the shear-induced adaption of HUVEC in terms of cytoskeletal remodeling, cellular elasticity, cellular motility, attachment, and distribution of adhesion complexes. Taken together, our results demonstrate that APJ is crucial for complemented endothelial adaption to local flow conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Strohbach
- Clinic for Internal Medicine B (Cardiology), University of Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Strasse, Greifswald, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Greifswald, Germany
| | - Malte Pennewitz
- Clinic for Internal Medicine B (Cardiology), University of Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Strasse, Greifswald, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael Glaubitz
- ZIK HIKE (Innovation Center- Humoral Immune Reactions in Cardiovascular Diseases), University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Raghavendra Palankar
- Institute for Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stefan Groß
- Clinic for Internal Medicine B (Cardiology), University of Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Strasse, Greifswald, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Greifswald, Germany
| | - Florian Lorenz
- Clinic for Internal Medicine B (Cardiology), University of Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Strasse, Greifswald, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ilka Materzok
- Clinic for Internal Medicine B (Cardiology), University of Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Strasse, Greifswald, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Greifswald, Germany
| | - Alena Rong
- ZIK HIKE (Innovation Center- Humoral Immune Reactions in Cardiovascular Diseases), University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Mathias C Busch
- Clinic for Internal Medicine B (Cardiology), University of Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Strasse, Greifswald, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stephan B Felix
- Clinic for Internal Medicine B (Cardiology), University of Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Strasse, Greifswald, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Greifswald, Germany.,ZIK HIKE (Innovation Center- Humoral Immune Reactions in Cardiovascular Diseases), University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Mihaela Delcea
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Greifswald, Germany.,ZIK HIKE (Innovation Center- Humoral Immune Reactions in Cardiovascular Diseases), University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Raila Busch
- Clinic for Internal Medicine B (Cardiology), University of Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Strasse, Greifswald, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Greifswald, Germany
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21
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Maki K, Han SW, Hirano Y, Yonemura S, Hakoshima T, Adachi T. Real-time TIRF observation of vinculin recruitment to stretched α-catenin by AFM. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1575. [PMID: 29371682 PMCID: PMC5785519 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20115-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adherens junctions (AJs) adaptively change their intensities in response to intercellular tension; therefore, they integrate tension generated by individual cells to drive multicellular dynamics, such as morphogenetic change in embryos. Under intercellular tension, α-catenin, which is a component protein of AJs, acts as a mechano-chemical transducer to recruit vinculin to promote actin remodeling. Although in vivo and in vitro studies have suggested that α-catenin-mediated mechanotransduction is a dynamic molecular process, which involves a conformational change of α-catenin under tension to expose a cryptic vinculin binding site, there are no suitable experimental methods to directly explore the process. Therefore, in this study, we developed a novel system by combining atomic force microscopy (AFM) and total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF). In this system, α-catenin molecules (residues 276-634; the mechano-sensitive M1-M3 domain), modified on coverslips, were stretched by AFM and their recruitment of Alexa-labeled full-length vinculin molecules, dissolved in solution, were observed simultaneously, in real time, using TIRF. We applied a physiologically possible range of tensions and extensions to α-catenin and directly observed its vinculin recruitment. Our new system could be used in the fields of mechanobiology and biophysics to explore functions of proteins under tension by coupling biomechanical and biochemical information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Maki
- Laboratory of Biomechanics, Department of Biosystems Science, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.,Department of Micro Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Yoshida Honmachi, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Sung-Woong Han
- National Institute for Nanomaterials Technology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 790-784, Korea
| | - Yoshinori Hirano
- Structural Biology Laboratory, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Yonemura
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima, Tokushima, 770-8503, Japan
| | - Toshio Hakoshima
- Structural Biology Laboratory, Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Taiji Adachi
- Laboratory of Biomechanics, Department of Biosystems Science, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan. .,Department of Micro Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Yoshida Honmachi, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
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22
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Yoshihara C, Ueno T, Chen P, Tsutsumi Y, Hanawa T, Wakabayashi N. Inverse response of osteoblasts and fibroblasts to growth on carbon-deposited titanium surfaces. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2017; 106:1869-1877. [PMID: 28926194 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Titanium implant surfaces may serve as attachment substrates for various cell types. Since carbon adsorption on titanium is inevitable, this study examined the negative/positive biological reaction of osteoblasts and fibroblasts on carbon-deposited titanium surfaces. Osteogenic MC3T3-E1 and fibrogenic NIH/3T3 cells were separately cultured on titanium disks on which carbon deposition was experimentally regulated to achieve titanium/carbon ratios of 6.5, 0.02, 0.005, and 0. The initial attachment of cells demonstrated that the quantity of attached osteoblasts on Ti/C (0.005) surfaces was 20% lower than that on Ti/C (6.5) surfaces at 4 h of culture. A 40% reduction in cell attachment at 24 h transferring from Ti/C (6.5) to Ti/C (0.005) surfaces highlighted the negative effect of carbon deposition on osteoblast attachment. However, the initial attachment of fibroblasts, which depended on carbon deposition, increased, and the quantity of cells on Ti/C (0.005) surfaces was almost twice that on Ti/C (6.5) surfaces at 4 h of culture. The levels of common differentiation markers of collagen synthesis were also differentially carbon-dependent as total collagen deposition on Ti/C (0.005) decreased by > 30% compared to that on Ti/C (6.5) in osteoblasts after 7 days of culture. In contrast, collagen synthesis in fibroblasts markedly increased as was evident by the increase in carbon deposition. These inverse effects indicate that carbon deposition on a titanium surface would likely be a disadvantage for bone formation, but might represent an effective option for achieving better wound healing and soft tissue sealing around the surface of an implant-neck region. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 1869-1877, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Yoshihara
- Removable Partial Prosthodontics, Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ueno
- Removable Partial Prosthodontics, Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Peng Chen
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0062, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tsutsumi
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0062, Japan
| | - Takao Hanawa
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0062, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Wakabayashi
- Removable Partial Prosthodontics, Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
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An Essential Role for TAGLN2 in Phagocytosis of Lipopolysaccharide-activated Macrophages. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8731. [PMID: 28821818 PMCID: PMC5562783 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09144-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Activated macrophages have a greater ability of phagocytosis against pathogens that is mediated by large-scale actin rearrangement. However, molecular machineries that conduct this task have not been fully identified. Here, we demonstrate an unanticipated role of TAGLN2, a 22-kDa actin-binding protein, in Toll-like receptor (TLR)-stimulated phagocytosis. TAGLN2 was greatly induced in macrophages in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a ligand for TLR4, partly via the NF-κB pathway. TAGLN2-deficient macrophages (TAGLN2−/−) showed defective phagocytic functions of IgM- and IgG-coated sheep red blood cells as well as bacteria. Cell signaling pathways involved in actin rearrangement—PI3 kinase/AKT and Ras-ERK—were also down-regulated in LPS-stimulated TAGLN2-deficient macrophages. Moreover, TAGLN2−/− mice showed higher mortality after bacterial infection than wild-type littermates. Thus, our results revealed a novel function of TAGLN2 as a molecular armament required for host defense.
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Bays JL, DeMali KA. Vinculin in cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesions. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:2999-3009. [PMID: 28401269 PMCID: PMC5501900 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2511-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vinculin was identified as a component of focal adhesions and adherens junctions nearly 40 years ago. Since that time, remarkable progress has been made in understanding its activation, regulation and function. Here we discuss the current understanding of the roles of vinculin in cell–cell and cell–matrix adhesions. Emphasis is placed on the how vinculin is recruited, activated and regulated. We also highlight the recent understanding of how vinculin responds to and transmits force at integrin- and cadherin-containing adhesion complexes to the cytoskeleton. Furthermore, we discuss roles of vinculin in binding to and rearranging the actin cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Bays
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Kris A DeMali
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
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25
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Beltrán-Partida E, Valdéz-Salas B, Moreno-Ulloa A, Escamilla A, Curiel MA, Rosales-Ibáñez R, Villarreal F, Bastidas DM, Bastidas JM. Improved in vitro angiogenic behavior on anodized titanium dioxide nanotubes. J Nanobiotechnology 2017; 15:10. [PMID: 28143540 PMCID: PMC5282661 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-017-0247-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neovascularization over dental implants is an imperative requisite to achieve successful osseointegration onto implanted materials. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects on in vitro angiogenesis of anodized 70 nm diameter TiO2 nanotubes (NTs) on Ti6Al4V alloy synthesized and disinfected by means of a novel, facile, antibacterial and cost-effective method using super oxidized water (SOW). We also evaluated the role of the surface roughness and chemical composition of materials of materials on angiogenesis. Methods The Ti6Al4V alloy and a commercially pure Ti were anodized using a solution constituted by SOW and fluoride as electrolyte. An acid-etched Ti6Al4V was evaluated to compare the effect of micro-surface roughness. Mirror-polished materials were used as control. Morphology, roughness, chemistry and wettability were assessed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and using a professional digital camera. Bovine coronary artery endothelial cells (BCAECs) were seeded over the experimental surfaces for several incubation times. Cellular adhesion, proliferation and monolayer formation were evaluated by means of SEM. BCAEC viability, actin stress fibers and vinculin cellular organization, as well as the angiogenic receptors vascular endothelial growth factor 2 (VEGFR2) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) were measured using fluorescence microscopy. Results The anodization process significantly increased the roughness, wettability and thickness of the oxidized coating. EDX analysis demonstrated an increased oxygen (O) and decreased carbon (C) content on the NTs of both materials. Endothelial behavior was solidly supported and improved by the NTs (without significant differences between Ti and alloy), showing that endothelial viability, adhesion, proliferation, actin arrangement with vinculin expression and monolayer development were evidently stimulated on the nanostructured surface, also leading to increased activation of VEGFR2 and eNOS on Ti6Al4V-NTs compared to the control Ti6Al4V alloy. Although the rougher alloy promoted BCAECs viability and proliferation, filopodia formation was poor. Conclusion The in vitro results suggest that 70 nm diameter NTs manufactured by anodization and cleaned using SOW promotes in vitro endothelial activity, which may improve in vivo angiogenesis supporting a faster clinical osseointegration process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Beltrán-Partida
- Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Faculty of Dentistry Mexicali, Autonomous University of Baja California (UABC), Ave. Zotoluca and Chinampas St., 21040, Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico.,Department of Corrosion and Materials, Engineering Institute, Autonomous University of Baja California (UABC), Blvd. Benito Juarez and Normal St., 21280, Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Benjamín Valdéz-Salas
- Department of Corrosion and Materials, Engineering Institute, Autonomous University of Baja California (UABC), Blvd. Benito Juarez and Normal St., 21280, Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico.
| | - Aldo Moreno-Ulloa
- Department of Biomedical Innovation, Center for Scientific Research and Higher Education of Ensenada (CICESE), Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Alan Escamilla
- Department of Corrosion and Materials, Engineering Institute, Autonomous University of Baja California (UABC), Blvd. Benito Juarez and Normal St., 21280, Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Mario A Curiel
- Department of Corrosion and Materials, Engineering Institute, Autonomous University of Baja California (UABC), Blvd. Benito Juarez and Normal St., 21280, Mexicali, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Raúl Rosales-Ibáñez
- Laboratory of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Stomatology, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosi (UASLP), San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Francisco Villarreal
- School of Medicine, University of California San Diego (UCSD), 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - David M Bastidas
- National Centre for Metallurgical Research (CENIM), CSIC, Ave. Gregorio del Amo 8, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Bastidas
- National Centre for Metallurgical Research (CENIM), CSIC, Ave. Gregorio del Amo 8, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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26
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Kuroda M, Wada H, Kimura Y, Ueda K, Kioka N. Vinculin promotes nuclear localization of TAZ to inhibit ECM stiffness-dependent differentiation into adipocytes. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:989-1002. [PMID: 28115535 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.194779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness regulates the lineage commitment of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Although cells sense ECM stiffness through focal adhesions, how cells sense ECM stiffness and regulate ECM stiffness-dependent differentiation remains largely unclear. In this study, we show that the cytoskeletal focal adhesion protein vinculin plays a critical role in the ECM stiffness-dependent adipocyte differentiation of MSCs. ST2 mouse MSCs differentiate into adipocytes and osteoblasts in an ECM stiffness-dependent manner. We find that a rigid ECM increases the amount of cytoskeleton-associated vinculin and promotes the nuclear localization and activity of the transcriptional coactivator paralogs Yes-associated protein (YAP, also known as YAP1) and transcriptional coactivator with a PDZ-binding motif (TAZ, also known as WWTR1) (hereafter YAP/TAZ). Vinculin is necessary for enhanced nuclear localization and activity of YAP/TAZ on the rigid ECM but it does not affect the phosphorylation of the YAP/TAZ kinase LATS1. Furthermore, vinculin depletion promotes differentiation into adipocytes on rigid ECM, while it inhibits differentiation into osteoblasts. Finally, TAZ knockdown was less effective at promoting adipocyte differentiation in vinculin-depleted cells than in control cells. These results suggest that vinculin promotes the nuclear localization of transcription factor TAZ to inhibit the adipocyte differentiation on rigid ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mito Kuroda
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroki Wada
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Kimura
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kazumitsu Ueda
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.,Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Kioka
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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27
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Oztug Durer ZA, McGillivary RM, Kang H, Elam WA, Vizcarra CL, Hanein D, De La Cruz EM, Reisler E, Quinlan ME. Metavinculin Tunes the Flexibility and the Architecture of Vinculin-Induced Bundles of Actin Filaments. J Mol Biol 2015; 427:2782-98. [PMID: 26168869 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Vinculin is an abundant protein found at cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix junctions. In muscles, a longer splice isoform of vinculin, metavinculin, is also expressed. The metavinculin-specific insert is part of the C-terminal tail domain, the actin-binding site of both isoforms. Mutations in the metavinculin-specific insert are linked to heart disease such as dilated cardiomyopathies. Vinculin tail domain (VT) both binds and bundles actin filaments. Metavinculin tail domain (MVT) binds actin filaments in a similar orientation but does not bundle filaments. Recently, MVT was reported to sever actin filaments. In this work, we asked how MVT influences F-actin alone or in combination with VT. Cosedimentation and limited proteolysis experiments indicated a similar actin binding affinity and mode for both VT and MVT. In real-time total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy experiments, MVT's severing activity was negligible. Instead, we found that MVT binding caused a 2-fold reduction in F-actin's bending persistence length and increased susceptibility to breakage. Using mutagenesis and site-directed labeling with fluorescence probes, we determined that MVT alters actin interprotomer contacts and dynamics, which presumably reflect the observed changes in bending persistence length. Finally, we found that MVT decreases the density and thickness of actin filament bundles generated by VT. Altogether, our data suggest that MVT alters actin filament flexibility and tunes filament organization in the presence of VT. Both of these activities are potentially important for muscle cell function. Perhaps MVT allows the load of muscle contraction to act as a signal to reorganize actin filaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep A Oztug Durer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569, USA
| | - Rebecca M McGillivary
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569, USA
| | - Hyeran Kang
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8114, USA
| | - W Austin Elam
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8114, USA
| | - Christina L Vizcarra
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569, USA
| | - Dorit Hanein
- Bioinformatics and Structural Biology Program, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Enrique M De La Cruz
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8114, USA
| | - Emil Reisler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1570, USA
| | - Margot E Quinlan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1569, USA; Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1570, USA.
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28
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Vinculin-dependent actin bundling regulates cell migration and traction forces. Biochem J 2015; 465:383-93. [PMID: 25358683 DOI: 10.1042/bj20140872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Vinculin binding to actin filaments is thought to be critical for force transduction within a cell, but direct experimental evidence to support this conclusion has been limited. In the present study, we found mutation (R1049E) of the vinculin tail impairs its ability to bind F-actin, stimulate actin polymerization, and bundle F-actin in vitro. Further, mutant (R1049E) vinculin expressing cells are altered in cell migration, which is accompanied by changes in cell adhesion, cell spreading and cell generation of traction forces, providing direct evidence for the critical role of vinculin in mechanotransduction at adhesion sites. Lastly, we discuss the viability of models detailing the F-actin-binding surface on vinculin in the context of our mutational analysis.
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29
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Li T, Guo H, Song Y, Zhao X, Shi Y, Lu Y, Hu S, Nie Y, Fan D, Wu K. Loss of vinculin and membrane-bound β-catenin promotes metastasis and predicts poor prognosis in colorectal cancer. Mol Cancer 2014; 13:263. [PMID: 25496021 PMCID: PMC4320448 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-13-263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Loss of cell-cell adhesion is important for the development of cancer invasion and metastasis. Vinculin, a key adhesion-related protein, can affect metastasis and prognosis in several tumours. Here, we determined the biological roles of vinculin in the metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC) and evaluated its clinical significance as a potential disease biomarker. Methods The expression level of vinculin in CRC cell lines and tissues was measured using Real-Time PCR and western blotting. Moreover, vinculin function was analysed using Transwell assays and in vivo metastasis assays in gain- and loss-of-function experiments. Furthermore, the impact of vinculin together with membrane-bound β-catenin on the prognosis of 228 CRC patients was investigated by immunohistochemistry. Additionally, the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) indicators was verified by immunohistochemistry in CRC tissues obtained from these patients. Result Vinculin expression was found to be significantly downregulated in highly metastatic CRC cell lines and metastatic tissues. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that vinculin suppressed invasion, migration and metastasis in CRC cells and that this suppression could be attenuated by silencing β-catenin. Moreover, the expression of vinculin and membrane-bound β-catenin were positively correlated in CRC tissues, and lack of vinculin expression emerged as an independent prognostic factor in patients with CRC. Finally, the loss of vinculin and membrane-bound β-catenin was associated with node metastasis, organ metastasis and expression of EMT indicators. Conclusion Our results suggest that vinculin may play specific roles in the EMT and metastasis of CRC and that loss of vinculin could be used as a prognostic factor for CRC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1476-4598-13-263) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kaichun Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology & State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
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30
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DeMali KA, Sun X, Bui GA. Force transmission at cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesions. Biochemistry 2014; 53:7706-17. [PMID: 25474123 DOI: 10.1021/bi501181p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
All cells are subjected to mechanical forces throughout their lifetimes. These forces are sensed by cell surface adhesion receptors and trigger robust actin cytoskeletal rearrangements and growth of the associated adhesion complex to counter the applied force. In this review, we discuss how integrins and cadherins sense force and transmit these forces into the cell interior. We focus on the complement of proteins each adhesion complex recruits to bear the force and the signal transduction pathways activated to allow the cell to tune its contractility. A discussion of the similarities, differences, and crosstalk between cadherin- and integrin-mediated force transmission is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kris A DeMali
- Department of Biochemistry and Interdisciplinary Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine , Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
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Affiliation(s)
- D.E. Leckband
- Departments of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Chemistry, and Biochemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801;
| | - J. de Rooij
- Molecular Cancer Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands;
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32
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Liang Q, Han Q, Huang W, Nan G, Xu BQ, Jiang JL, Chen ZN. HAb18G/CD147 regulates vinculin-mediated focal adhesion and cytoskeleton organization in cultured human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102496. [PMID: 25033086 PMCID: PMC4102505 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Focal adhesions (FAs), integrin-mediated macromolecular complexes located at the cell membrane extracellular interface, have been shown to regulate cell adhesion and migration. Our previous studies have indicated that HAb18G/CD147 (CD147) is involved in cytoskeleton reorganization and FA formation in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. However, the precise mechanisms underlying these processes remain unclear. In the current study, we determined that CD147 was involved in vinculin-mediated FA focal adhesion formation in HCC cells. We also found that deletion of CD147 led to reduced vinculin-mediated FA areas (P<0.0001), length/width ratios (P<0.0001), and mean intensities (P<0.0001). CD147 promoted lamellipodia formation by localizing Arp2/3 to the leading edge of the cell. Deletion of CD147 significantly reduced the fluorescence (t1/2) recovery times (22.7±3.3 s) of vinculin-mediated focal adhesions (P<0.0001). In cell-spreading assays, CD147 was found to be essential for dynamic focal adhesion enlargement and disassembly. Furthermore, the current data showed that CD147 reduced tyrosine phosphorylation in vinculin-mediated focal adhesions, and enhanced the accumulation of the acidic phospholipid phosphatidylinositol-4, 5-bisphosphate (PIP2). Together, these results revealed that CD147 is involved in vinculin-mediated focal adhesion formation, which subsequently promotes cytoskeleton reorganization to facilitate invasion and migration of human HCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liang
- Cell Engineering Research Centre and Department of Cell Biology, State Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qing Han
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’ an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wan Huang
- Cell Engineering Research Centre and Department of Cell Biology, State Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gang Nan
- Cell Engineering Research Centre and Department of Cell Biology, State Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bao-Qing Xu
- Cell Engineering Research Centre and Department of Cell Biology, State Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jian-Li Jiang
- Cell Engineering Research Centre and Department of Cell Biology, State Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- * E-mail: (JLJ); (ZNC)
| | - Zhi-Nan Chen
- Cell Engineering Research Centre and Department of Cell Biology, State Key Discipline of Cell Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
- * E-mail: (JLJ); (ZNC)
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Inhibitory role of polyunsaturated fatty acids on lysophosphatidic acid-induced cancer cell migration and adhesion. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:2971-7. [PMID: 24911199 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have important pharmacological effects on mammalian cells. Here, we show that carboxyl group-containing PUFAs inhibit lysophosphatidic acid (LPA)-induced focal adhesion formation, thereby inhibiting migration and adhesion. Carboxyl group-containing PUFAs inhibit LPA-induced calcium mobilization, whereas ethyl ester-group containing PUFAs have no effect. In addition, carboxyl group-containing PUFAs functionally inhibit LPA-dependent RhoA activation. Given these results, we suggest that PUFAs may inhibit LPA-induced calcium/RhoA signaling pathways leading to focal adhesion formation. Carboxyl group-containing PUFAs may have a functional role in this regulatory mechanism.
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Hayashi R, Ueno T, Migita S, Tsutsumi Y, Doi H, Ogawa T, Hanawa T, Wakabayashi N. Hydrocarbon Deposition Attenuates Osteoblast Activity on Titanium. J Dent Res 2014; 93:698-703. [PMID: 24868012 DOI: 10.1177/0022034514536578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the reported percentage of bone-implant contact is far lower than 100%, the cause of such low levels of bone formation has rarely been investigated. This study tested the negative biological effect of hydrocarbon deposition onto titanium surfaces, which has been reported to be inevitable. Osteogenic MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured on titanium disks on which the carbon concentration was experimentally regulated to achieve carbon/titanium (C/Ti) ratios of 0.3, 0.7, and 1.0. Initial cellular activities such as cell attachment and cell spreading were concentration-dependently suppressed by the amount of carbon on the titanium surface. The osteoblastic functions of alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium mineralization were also reduced by more than 40% on the C/Ti (1.0) surface. These results indicate that osteoblast activity is influenced by the degree of hydrocarbon contamination on titanium implants and suggest that hydrocarbon decomposition before implant placement may increase the biocompatibility of titanium.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Hayashi
- Removable Partial Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - T Ueno
- Removable Partial Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - S Migita
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0062, Japan
| | - Y Tsutsumi
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0062, Japan
| | - H Doi
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0062, Japan
| | - T Ogawa
- Laboratory for Bone and Implant Sciences (LBIS), The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, UCLA School of Dentistry, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, CHS B3-088H, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA
| | - T Hanawa
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 101-0062, Japan
| | - N Wakabayashi
- Removable Partial Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
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35
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Thompson PM, Tolbert CE, Shen K, Kota P, Palmer SM, Plevock KM, Orlova A, Galkin VE, Burridge K, Egelman EH, Dokholyan NV, Superfine R, Campbell SL. Identification of an actin binding surface on vinculin that mediates mechanical cell and focal adhesion properties. Structure 2014; 22:697-706. [PMID: 24685146 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2014.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Vinculin, a cytoskeletal scaffold protein essential for embryogenesis and cardiovascular function, localizes to focal adhesions and adherens junctions, connecting cell surface receptors to the actin cytoskeleton. While vinculin interacts with many adhesion proteins, its interaction with filamentous actin regulates cell morphology, motility, and mechanotransduction. Disruption of this interaction lowers cell traction forces and enhances actin flow rates. Although a model for the vinculin:actin complex exists, we recently identified actin-binding deficient mutants of vinculin outside sites predicted to bind actin and developed an alternative model to better define this actin-binding surface, using negative-stain electron microscopy (EM), discrete molecular dynamics, and mutagenesis. Actin-binding deficient vinculin variants expressed in vinculin knockout fibroblasts fail to rescue cell-spreading defects and reduce cellular response to external force. These findings highlight the importance of this actin-binding surface and provide the molecular basis for elucidating additional roles of this interaction, including actin-induced conformational changes that promote actin bundling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Thompson
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biophysics Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Caitlin E Tolbert
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kai Shen
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Pradeep Kota
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biophysics Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Sean M Palmer
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biophysics Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Karen M Plevock
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biophysics Program, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Albina Orlova
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Vitold E Galkin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Keith Burridge
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Edward H Egelman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Nikolay V Dokholyan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Richard Superfine
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Sharon L Campbell
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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36
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Tabarin T, Pageon SV, Bach CTT, Lu Y, O'Neill GM, Gooding JJ, Gaus K. Insights into Adhesion Biology Using Single-Molecule Localization Microscopy. Chemphyschem 2014; 15:606-18. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201301041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Kapus A, Janmey P. Plasma membrane--cortical cytoskeleton interactions: a cell biology approach with biophysical considerations. Compr Physiol 2013; 3:1231-81. [PMID: 23897686 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c120015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
From a biophysical standpoint, the interface between the cell membrane and the cytoskeleton is an intriguing site where a "two-dimensional fluid" interacts with an exceedingly complex three-dimensional protein meshwork. The membrane is a key regulator of the cytoskeleton, which not only provides docking sites for cytoskeletal elements through transmembrane proteins, lipid binding-based, and electrostatic interactions, but also serves as the source of the signaling events and molecules that control cytoskeletal organization and remolding. Conversely, the cytoskeleton is a key determinant of the biophysical and biochemical properties of the membrane, including its shape, tension, movement, composition, as well as the mobility, partitioning, and recycling of its constituents. From a cell biological standpoint, the membrane-cytoskeleton interplay underlies--as a central executor and/or regulator--a multitude of complex processes including chemical and mechanical signal transduction, motility/migration, endo-/exo-/phagocytosis, and other forms of membrane traffic, cell-cell, and cell-matrix adhesion. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the tight structural and functional coupling between the membrane and the cytoskeleton. As biophysical approaches, both theoretical and experimental, proved to be instrumental for our understanding of the membrane/cytoskeleton interplay, this review will "oscillate" between the cell biological phenomena and the corresponding biophysical principles and considerations. After describing the types of connections between the membrane and the cytoskeleton, we will focus on a few key physical parameters and processes (force generation, curvature, tension, and surface charge) and will discuss how these contribute to a variety of fundamental cell biological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Kapus
- Keenan Research Center, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital and Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Twiss F, de Rooij J. Cadherin mechanotransduction in tissue remodeling. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:4101-16. [PMID: 23563964 PMCID: PMC11113614 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1329-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical forces are increasingly recognized as central factors in the regulation of tissue morphogenesis and homeostasis. Central to the transduction of mechanical information into biochemical signaling is the contractile actomyosin cytoskeleton. Fluctuations in actomyosin contraction are sensed by tension sensitive systems at the interface between actomyosin and cell adhesion complexes. We review the current knowledge about the mechanical coupling of cell-cell junctions to the cytoskeleton and highlight the central role of α-catenin in this linkage. We assemble current knowledge about α-catenin's regulation by tension and about its interactions with a diversity of proteins. We present a model in which α-catenin is a force-regulated platform for a machinery of proteins that orchestrates local cortical remodeling in response to force. Finally, we highlight recently described fundamental processes in tissue morphogenesis and argue where and how this α-catenin-dependent cadherin mechanotransduction may be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floor Twiss
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research and University Medical Centre Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 8, 3884 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands,
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Leerberg JM, Yap AS. Vinculin, cadherin mechanotransduction and homeostasis of cell-cell junctions. PROTOPLASMA 2013; 250:817-829. [PMID: 23274283 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-012-0475-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Cell adhesion junctions characteristically arise from the cooperative integration of adhesion receptors, cell signalling pathways and the cytoskeleton. This is exemplified by cell-cell interactions mediated by classical cadherin adhesion receptors. These junctions are sites where cadherin adhesion systems functionally couple to the dynamic actin cytoskeleton, a process that entails physical interactions with many actin regulators and regulation by cell signalling pathways. Such integration implies a potential role for molecules that may stand at the interface between adhesion, signalling and the cytoskeleton. One such candidate is the cortical scaffolding protein, vinculin, which is a component of both cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesions. While its contribution to integrin-based adhesions has been extensively studied, less is known about how vinculin contributes to cell-cell adhesions. A major recent advance has come with the realisation that cadherin adhesions are active mechanical structures, where cadherin serves as part of a mechanotransduction pathway by which junctions sense and elicit cellular responses to mechanical stimuli. Vinculin has emerged as an important element in cadherin mechanotransduction, a perspective that illuminates its role in cell-cell interactions. We now review its role as a cortical scaffold and its role in cadherin mechanotransduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne M Leerberg
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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van den Dries K, Schwartz SL, Byars J, Meddens MBM, Bolomini-Vittori M, Lidke DS, Figdor CG, Lidke KA, Cambi A. Dual-color superresolution microscopy reveals nanoscale organization of mechanosensory podosomes. Mol Biol Cell 2013; 24:2112-23. [PMID: 23637461 PMCID: PMC3694795 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e12-12-0856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Podosomes are multimolecular mechanosensory assemblies that coordinate mesenchymal migration of tissue-resident dendritic cells. They have a protrusive actin core and an adhesive ring of integrins and adaptor proteins, such as talin and vinculin. We recently demonstrated that core actin oscillations correlate with intensity fluctuations of vinculin but not talin, suggesting different molecular rearrangements for these components. Detailed information on the mutual localization of core and ring components at the nanoscale is lacking. By dual-color direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy, we for the first time determined the nanoscale organization of individual podosomes and their spatial arrangement within large clusters formed at the cell-substrate interface. Superresolution imaging of three ring components with respect to actin revealed that the cores are interconnected and linked to the ventral membrane by radiating actin filaments. In core-free areas, αMβ2 integrin and talin islets are homogeneously distributed, whereas vinculin preferentially localizes proximal to the core and along the radiating actin filaments. Podosome clusters appear as self-organized contact areas, where mechanical cues might be efficiently transduced and redistributed. Our findings call for a reevaluation of the current "core-ring" model and provide a novel structural framework for further understanding the collective behavior of podosome clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- K van den Dries
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Nijmegen Centre for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, 6500 HB Nijmegen, Netherlands
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Abstract
Vinculin can interact with F-actin both in recruitment of actin filaments to the growing focal adhesions and also in capping of actin filaments to regulate actin dynamics. Using molecular dynamics, both interactions are simulated using different vinculin conformations. Vinculin is simulated either with only its vinculin tail domain (Vt), with all residues in its closed conformation, with all residues in an open I conformation, and with all residues in an open II conformation. The open I conformation results from movement of domain 1 away from Vt; the open II conformation results from complete dissociation of Vt from the vinculin head domains. Simulation of vinculin binding along the actin filament showed that Vt alone can bind along the actin filaments, that vinculin in its closed conformation cannot bind along the actin filaments, and that vinculin in its open I conformation can bind along the actin filaments. The simulations confirm that movement of domain 1 away from Vt in formation of vinculin 1 is sufficient for allowing Vt to bind along the actin filament. Simulation of Vt capping actin filaments probe six possible bound structures and suggest that vinculin would cap actin filaments by interacting with both S1 and S3 of the barbed-end, using the surface of Vt normally occluded by D4 and nearby vinculin head domain residues. Simulation of D4 separation from Vt after D1 separation formed the open II conformation. Binding of open II vinculin to the barbed-end suggests this conformation allows for vinculin capping. Three binding sites on F-actin are suggested as regions that could link to vinculin. Vinculin is suggested to function as a variable switch at the focal adhesions. The conformation of vinculin and the precise F-actin binding conformation is dependent on the level of mechanical load on the focal adhesion. The interface between a cell and its substrate is strengthened by the formation of focal adhesions. In this study molecular dynamics simulations are used to explore the connectivity of one focal adhesion forming protein, vinculin, and the cytoskeletal filament, F-actin. The simulations demonstrate: (1) that vinculin can link along F-actin at these focal adhesions when it adopts an open conformation, (2) that the vinculin tail (Vt) can bind F-actin at its barbed-end preventing actin polymerization, (3) that vinculin can adopt two open conformations, and (4) that the second open conformation is necessary for vinculin to cap the actin filament. The results suggest that vinculin can act as a variable switch, changing its shape and the nature of its interaction with F-actin depending on the level of stress seen at a focal adhesion. Under the highest stress vinculin would adopt the open II conformation and link anywhere on F-actin, even its barbed-end. Under less stress vinculin could adopt the open I conformation and bind along F-actin. And under minimal stress vinculin could adopt its closed conformation. This variability allows for vinculin to truly function as the cell's mechanical reinforcing agent.
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Huveneers S, de Rooij J. Mechanosensitive systems at the cadherin-F-actin interface. J Cell Sci 2013; 126:403-13. [PMID: 23524998 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.109447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells integrate biochemical and mechanical information to function within multicellular tissue. Within developing and remodeling tissues, mechanical forces contain instructive information that governs important cellular processes that include stem cell maintenance, differentiation and growth. Although the principles of signal transduction (protein phosphorylation, allosteric regulation of enzymatic activity and binding sites) are the same for biochemical and mechanical-induced signaling, the first step of mechanosensing, in which protein complexes under tension transduce changes in physical force into cellular signaling, is very different, and the molecular mechanisms are only beginning to be elucidated. In this Commentary, we focus on mechanotransduction at cell-cell junctions, aiming to comprehend the molecular mechanisms involved. We describe how different junction structures are associated with the actomyosin cytoskeleton and how this relates to the magnitude and direction of forces at cell-cell junctions. We discuss which cell-cell adhesion receptors have been shown to take part in mechanotransduction. Then we outline the force-induced molecular events that might occur within a key mechanosensitive system at cell-cell junctions; the cadherin-F-actin interface, at which α-catenin and vinculin form a central module. Mechanotransduction at cell-cell junctions emerges as an important signaling mechanism, and we present examples of its potential relevance for tissue development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Huveneers
- Sanquin Research and Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Plesmanlaan 125, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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43
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Vinculin and metavinculin: Oligomerization and interactions with F-actin. FEBS Lett 2013; 587:1220-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Tolbert CE, Burridge K, Campbell SL. Vinculin regulation of F-actin bundle formation: what does it mean for the cell? Cell Adh Migr 2013; 7:219-25. [PMID: 23307141 DOI: 10.4161/cam.23184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Vinculin is an essential cell adhesion protein, found at both focal adhesions and adherens junctions, where it couples transmembrane proteins to the actin cytoskeleton. Vinculin is involved in controlling cell shape, motility and cell survival, and has more recently been shown to play a role in force transduction. The tail domain of vinculin (Vt) has the ability to both bind and bundle actin filaments. Binding to actin induces a conformational change in Vt believed to promote formation of a Vt dimer that is able to crosslink actin filaments. We have recently provided additional evidence for the actin-induced Vt dimer and have shown that the vinculin carboxyl (C)-terminal hairpin is critical for both the formation of the Vt dimer and for bundling F-actin. We have also demonstrated the importance of the C-terminal hairpin in cells as deletion of this region impacts both adhesion properties and force transduction. Intriguingly, we have identified bundling deficient variants of vinculin that show different cellular phenotypes. These results suggest additional role(s) for the C-terminal hairpin, distinct from its bundling function. In this commentary, we will expand on our previous findings and further investigate these actin bundling deficient vinculin variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin E Tolbert
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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45
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Ueno T, Takeuchi M, Hori N, Iwasa F, Minamikawa H, Igarashi Y, Anpo M, Ogawa T. Gamma ray treatment enhances bioactivity and osseointegration capability of titanium. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2012; 100:2279-87. [PMID: 22987777 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.32799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Revised: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The time-dependent degradation of titanium bioactivity (i.e., the biological aging of titanium) has been reported in previous studies. This phenomenon is caused by the loss of hydrophilicity and the inevitable occurrence of progressive contamination of titanium surfaces by hydrocarbons. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that gamma ray treatment, owing to its high energy to decompose and remove organic contaminants, enhances the bioactivity and osteoconductivity of titanium. Titanium disks were acid-etched and stored for 4 weeks. Rat bone marrow-derived osteoblasts (BMOs) were cultured on titanium disks with or without gamma ray treatment (30 kGy) immediately before experiments. The cell density at day 2 increased by 50% on gamma-treated surfaces, which reflected the 25% higher rate of cell proliferation. Osteoblasts on gamma-treated surfaces showed 30% higher alkaline phosphatase activity at day 5 and 60% higher calcium deposition at day 20. The strength of in vivo bone-implant integration increased by 40% at the early healing stage of week 2 for gamma-treated implants. Gamma ray-treated surfaces regained hydrophilicity and showed a lower percentage of carbon (35%) as opposed to 48% on untreated aged surfaces. The data indicated that gamma ray pretreatment of titanium substantially enhances its bioactivity and osteoconductivity, in association with the significant reduction in surface carbon and the recovery of hydrophilicity. The results suggest that gamma ray treatment could be an effective surface enhancement technology to overcome biological aging of titanium and improve the biological properties of titanium implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Ueno
- The Jane and Jerry Weintraub Center for Reconstructive Biotechnology, Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, Biomaterials and Hospital Dentistry, UCLA School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, California, USA.
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46
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Twiss F, Le Duc Q, Van Der Horst S, Tabdili H, Van Der Krogt G, Wang N, Rehmann H, Huveneers S, Leckband DE, De Rooij J. Vinculin-dependent Cadherin mechanosensing regulates efficient epithelial barrier formation. Biol Open 2012; 1:1128-40. [PMID: 23213393 PMCID: PMC3507192 DOI: 10.1242/bio.20122428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper regulation of the formation and stabilization of epithelial cell–cell adhesion is crucial in embryonic morphogenesis and tissue repair processes. Defects in this process lead to organ malformation and defective epithelial barrier function. A combination of chemical and mechanical cues is used by cells to drive this process. We have investigated the role of the actomyosin cytoskeleton and its connection to cell–cell junction complexes in the formation of an epithelial barrier in MDCK cells. We find that the E-cadherin complex is sufficient to mediate a functional link between cell–cell contacts and the actomyosin cytoskeleton. This link involves the actin binding capacity of α-catenin and the recruitment of the mechanosensitive protein Vinculin to tensile, punctate cell–cell junctions that connect to radial F-actin bundles, which we name Focal Adherens Junctions (FAJ). When cell–cell adhesions mature, these FAJs disappear and linear junctions are formed that do not contain Vinculin. The rapid phase of barrier establishment (as measured by Trans Epithelial Electrical Resistance (TER)) correlates with the presence of FAJs. Moreover, the rate of barrier establishment is delayed when actomyosin contraction is blocked or when Vinculin recruitment to the Cadherin complex is prevented. Enhanced presence of Vinculin increases the rate of barrier formation. We conclude that E-cadherin-based FAJs connect forming cell–cell adhesions to the contractile actomyosin cytoskeleton. These specialized junctions are sites of Cadherin mechanosensing, which, through the recruitment of Vinculin, is a driving force in epithelial barrier formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floor Twiss
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research and University Medical Centre Utrecht , PO Box 85164, 3508 AD Utrecht , The Netherlands
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47
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Huveneers S, Oldenburg J, Spanjaard E, van der Krogt G, Grigoriev I, Akhmanova A, Rehmann H, de Rooij J. Vinculin associates with endothelial VE-cadherin junctions to control force-dependent remodeling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 196:641-52. [PMID: 22391038 PMCID: PMC3307691 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201108120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 346] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A specialized subset of VE-cadherin adhesions senses cytoskeletal force and recruits Vinculin to control the stability of endothelial cell–cell junctions during their force-dependent remodeling. To remodel endothelial cell–cell adhesion, inflammatory cytokine- and angiogenic growth factor–induced signals impinge on the vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) complex, the central component of endothelial adherens junctions. This study demonstrates that junction remodeling takes place at a molecularly and phenotypically distinct subset of VE-cadherin adhesions, defined here as focal adherens junctions (FAJs). FAJs are attached to radial F-actin bundles and marked by the mechanosensory protein Vinculin. We show that endothelial hormones vascular endothelial growth factor, tumor necrosis factor α, and most prominently thrombin induced the transformation of stable junctions into FAJs. The actin cytoskeleton generated pulling forces specifically on FAJs, and inhibition of Rho-Rock-actomyosin contractility prevented the formation of FAJs and junction remodeling. FAJs formed normally in cells expressing a Vinculin binding-deficient mutant of α-catenin, showing that Vinculin recruitment is not required for adherens junction formation. Comparing Vinculin-devoid FAJs to wild-type FAJs revealed that Vinculin protects VE-cadherin junctions from opening during their force-dependent remodeling. These findings implicate Vinculin-dependent cadherin mechanosensing in endothelial processes such as leukocyte extravasation and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Huveneers
- Hubrecht Institute for Developmental Biology and Stem Cell Research, University Medical Centre Utrecht, 3584 CT, Utrecht, Netherlands.
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48
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Actin dynamics associated with focal adhesions. Int J Cell Biol 2012; 2012:941292. [PMID: 22505938 PMCID: PMC3312244 DOI: 10.1155/2012/941292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2011] [Accepted: 11/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell-matrix adhesion plays a major role during cell migration. Proteins from adhesion structures connect the extracellular matrix to the actin cytoskeleton, allowing the growing actin network to push the plasma membrane and the contractile cables (stress fibers) to pull the cell body. Force transmission to the extracellular matrix depends on several parameters including the regulation of actin dynamics in adhesion structures, the contractility of stress fibers, and the mechanosensitive response of adhesion structures. Here we highlight recent findings on the molecular mechanisms by which actin assembly is regulated in adhesion structures and the molecular basis of the mechanosensitivity of focal adhesions.
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49
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Shen K, Tolbert CE, Guilluy C, Swaminathan VS, Berginski ME, Burridge K, Superfine R, Campbell SL. The vinculin C-terminal hairpin mediates F-actin bundle formation, focal adhesion, and cell mechanical properties. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:45103-15. [PMID: 22052910 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.244293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vinculin is an essential and highly conserved cell adhesion protein, found at both focal adhesions and adherens junctions, where it couples integrins or cadherins to the actin cytoskeleton. Vinculin is involved in controlling cell shape, motility, and cell survival, and has more recently been shown to play a role in force transduction. The tail domain of vinculin (Vt) contains determinants necessary for binding and bundling of actin filaments. Actin binding to Vt has been proposed to induce formation of a Vt dimer that is necessary for cross-linking actin filaments. Results from this study provide additional support for actin-induced Vt self-association. Moreover, the actin-induced Vt dimer appears distinct from the dimer formed in the absence of actin. To better characterize the role of the Vt strap and carboxyl terminus (CT) in actin binding, Vt self-association, and actin bundling, we employed smaller amino-terminal (NT) and CT deletions that do not perturb the structural integrity of Vt. Although both NT and CT deletions retain actin binding, removal of the CT hairpin (1061-1066) selectively impairs actin bundling in vitro. Moreover, expression of vinculin lacking the CT hairpin in vinculin knock-out murine embryonic fibroblasts affects the number of focal adhesions formed, cell spreading as well as cellular stiffening in response to mechanical force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Shen
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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50
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Truttmann MC, Misselwitz B, Huser S, Hardt WD, Critchley DR, Dehio C. Bartonella henselae engages inside-out and outside-in signaling by integrin β1 and talin1 during invasome-mediated bacterial uptake. J Cell Sci 2011; 124:3591-602. [PMID: 22045736 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.084459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The VirB/D4 type IV secretion system (T4SS) of the bacterial pathogen Bartonella henselae (Bhe) translocates seven effector proteins (BepA-BepG) into human cells that subvert host cellular functions. Two redundant pathways dependent on BepG or the combination of BepC and BepF trigger the formation of a bacterial uptake structure termed the invasome. Invasome formation is a multi-step process consisting of bacterial adherence, effector translocation, aggregation of bacteria on the cell surface and engulfment, and eventually, complete internalization of the bacterial aggregate occurs in an F-actin-dependent manner. In the present study, we show that Bhe-triggered invasome formation depends on integrin-β1-mediated signaling cascades that enable assembly of the F-actin invasome structure. We demonstrate that Bhe interacts with integrin β1 in a fibronectin- and VirB/D4 T4SS-independent manner and that activated integrin β1 is essential for both effector translocation and the actin rearrangements leading to invasome formation. Furthermore, we show that talin1, but not talin2, is required for inside-out activation of integrin β1 during invasome formation. Finally, integrin-β1-mediated outside-in signaling by FAK, Src, paxillin and vinculin is necessary for invasome formation. This is the first example of a bacterial entry process that fully exploits the bi-directional signaling capacity of integrin receptors in a talin1-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias C Truttmann
- Focal Area Infection Biology, Biozentrum of the University of Basel, Klingelbergstr. 70, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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