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Wang M, Niu X, Wang M, Zheng P, Liu X, Cao Z, Zhang C. Long non-coding RNA RP11-197K6.1 as ceRNA promotes colorectal cancer progression via miR-135a-5p/DLX5 axis. J Transl Med 2024; 22:469. [PMID: 38760791 PMCID: PMC11102157 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05286-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a major global health challenge, with high incidence and mortality rates. The role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in cancer progression has received considerable attention. The present study aimed to investigate the function and mechanisms underlying the role of lncRNA RP11-197K6.1, microRNA-135a-5p (hsa-miR-135a-5p), and DLX5 in CRC development. METHODS We analyzed RNA sequencing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas Colorectal Cancer dataset to identify the association between lncRNA RP11-197K6.1 and CRC progression. The expression levels of lncRNA RP11-197K6.1 and DLX5 in CRC samples and cell lines were determined by real-time quantitative PCR and western blotting assays. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was used to confirm the cellular localization of lncRNA RP11-197K6.1. Cell migration capabilities were assessed by Transwell and wound healing assays, and flow cytometry was performed to analyze apoptosis. The interaction between lncRNA RP11-197K6.1 and miR-135a-5p and its effect on DLX5 expression were investigated by the dual-luciferase reporter assay. Additionally, a xenograft mouse model was used to study the in vivo effects of lncRNA RP11-197K6.1 on tumor growth, and an immunohistochemical assay was performed to assess DLX5 expression in tumor tissues. RESULTS lncRNA RP11-197K6.1 was significantly upregulated in CRC tissues and cell lines as compared to that in normal tissues, and its expression was inversely correlated with patient survival. It promoted the migration and metastasis of CRC cells by interacting with miR-135a-5p, alleviated suppression of DLX5 expression, and facilitated tumor growth. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated the regulatory network and mechanism of action of the lncRNA RP11-197K6.1/miR-135a-5p/DLX5 axis in CRC development. These findings provided insights into the molecular pathology of CRC and suggested potential therapeutic targets for more effective treatment of patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingkun Wang
- The Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Navy Clinical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
- Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, 6 Fucheng road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Xuben Niu
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
- Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, 6 Fucheng road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Maihuan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Peng Zheng
- The Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Navy Clinical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
- Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, 6 Fucheng road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Xiaoya Liu
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Department of General Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China
- Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, 6 Fucheng road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Zhen Cao
- The Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Navy Clinical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
- Department of General Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China.
- Department of General Surgery, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, 6 Fucheng road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Chaojun Zhang
- The Fifth School of Clinical Medicine, Navy Clinical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
- Department of General Surgery, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
- Department of General Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100853, China.
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Otálora-Otálora BA, López-Kleine L, Rojas A. Lung Cancer Gene Regulatory Network of Transcription Factors Related to the Hallmarks of Cancer. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:434-464. [PMID: 36661515 PMCID: PMC9857713 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcriptomic analysis of microarray and RNA-Seq datasets followed our own bioinformatic pipeline to identify a transcriptional regulatory network of lung cancer. Twenty-six transcription factors are dysregulated and co-expressed in most of the lung cancer and pulmonary arterial hypertension datasets, which makes them the most frequently dysregulated transcription factors. Co-expression, gene regulatory, coregulatory, and transcriptional regulatory networks, along with fibration symmetries, were constructed to identify common connection patterns, alignments, main regulators, and target genes in order to analyze transcription factor complex formation, as well as its synchronized co-expression patterns in every type of lung cancer. The regulatory function of the most frequently dysregulated transcription factors over lung cancer deregulated genes was validated with ChEA3 enrichment analysis. A Kaplan-Meier plotter analysis linked the dysregulation of the top transcription factors with lung cancer patients' survival. Our results indicate that lung cancer has unique and common deregulated genes and transcription factors with pulmonary arterial hypertension, co-expressed and regulated in a coordinated and cooperative manner by the transcriptional regulatory network that might be associated with critical biological processes and signaling pathways related to the acquisition of the hallmarks of cancer, making them potentially relevant tumor biomarkers for lung cancer early diagnosis and targets for the development of personalized therapies against lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Andrea Otálora-Otálora
- Grupo de Investigación INPAC, Unidad de Investigación, Fundación Universitaria Sanitas, Bogotá 110131, Colombia
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 11001, Colombia
| | - Liliana López-Kleine
- Departamento de Estadística, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 11001, Colombia
- Correspondence: (L.L.-K.); (A.R.)
| | - Adriana Rojas
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Genética Humana, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá 110211, Colombia
- Correspondence: (L.L.-K.); (A.R.)
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3
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Huang Y, Yang Q, Zheng Y, Lin L, Xu X, Xu XE, Silva TC, Hazawa M, Peng L, Cao H, Ding Y, Lu D, Berman BP, Xu LY, Li EM, Yin D. Activation of bivalent factor DLX5 cooperates with master regulator TP63 to promote squamous cell carcinoma. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:9246-9263. [PMID: 34370013 PMCID: PMC8450110 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
To reconstruct systematically hyperactive transcription factor (TF)-dependent transcription networks in squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), a computational method (ELMER) was applied to 1293 pan-SCC patient samples, and 44 hyperactive SCC TFs were identified. As a top candidate, DLX5 exhibits a notable bifurcate re-configuration of its bivalent promoter in cancer. Specifically, DLX5 maintains a bivalent state in normal tissues; its promoter is hypermethylation, leading to DLX5 transcriptional silencing in esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). In stark contrast, DLX5 promoter gains active histone marks and becomes transcriptionally activated in ESCC, which is directly mediated by SOX2. Functionally, silencing of DLX5 substantially inhibits SCC viability both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, DLX5 cooperates with TP63 in regulating ∼2000 enhancers and promoters, which converge on activating cancer-promoting pathways. Together, our data establish a novel and strong SCC-promoting factor and elucidate a new epigenomic mechanism - bifurcate chromatin re-configuration - during cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Huang
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Yueyuan Zheng
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lehang Lin
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Xiu-E Xu
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Tiago C Silva
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Masaharu Hazawa
- Cell-Bionomics Research Unit, Innovative Integrated Bio-Research Core, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192 Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Li Peng
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Haotian Cao
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Yanbing Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Daning Lu
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Benjamin P Berman
- Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Li-Yan Xu
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - En-Min Li
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Medical College of Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Dong Yin
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
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4
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Lin B, Zhu J, Yin G, Liao M, Lin G, Yan Y, Huang D, Lu S. Transcription Factor DLX5 Promotes Hair Follicle Stem Cell Differentiation by Regulating the c-MYC/microRNA-29c-3p/NSD1 Axis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:554831. [PMID: 34336814 PMCID: PMC8319474 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.554831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Adult stem cell function has been one of the most intensively explored areas of biological and biomedical research, with hair follicle stem cells serving as one of the best model systems. This study explored the role of the transcription factor DLX5 in regulating hair follicle stem cell (HFSC) differentiation. Methods HFSCs were isolated, characterized, and assessed for their expression of DLX5, c-MYC, NSD1, and miR-29c-3p using RT-qPCR, Western blot analysis, or immunofluorescence. Next, the ability of HFSCs to proliferate as well as differentiate into either sebaceous gland cells or epidermal cells was determined. The binding of DLX5 to the c-MYC promoter region, the binding of c-MYC to the miR-29c-3p promoter region, and the binding of miR-29c-3p to the 3′-UTR of NSD1 mRNA were verified by luciferase activity assay and ChIP experiments. Results DLX5 was highly expressed in differentiated HFSCs. DLX5 transcriptionally activated c-MYC expression to induce HFSC differentiation. c-MYC was able to bind the miR-29c-3p promoter and thus suppressed its expression. Without miR-29c-3p mediated suppression, NSD1 was then able to promote HFSC differentiation. These in vitro experiments suggested that DLX5 could promote HFSC differentiation via the regulation of the c-MYC/miR-29c-3p/NSD1 axis. Discussion This study demonstrates that DLX5 promotes HFSC differentiation by modulating the c-MYC/miR-29c-3p/NSD1 axis and identifies a new mechanism regulating HFSC differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojie Lin
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jiangying Zhu
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.,Academy of Humanities and Social Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Guoqian Yin
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Mingde Liao
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Guanyu Lin
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yuyong Yan
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Dan Huang
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Siding Lu
- Department of Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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DLX Genes: Roles in Development and Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13123005. [PMID: 34203994 PMCID: PMC8232755 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13123005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary DLX homeobox family genes encode transcription factors that have indispensable roles in embryonic and postnatal development. These genes are critically linked to the morphogenesis of craniofacial structures, branchial arches, forebrain, and sensory organs. DLX genes are also involved in postnatal homeostasis, particularly hematopoiesis and, when dysregulated, oncogenesis. DLX1/2, DLX3/4, and DLX5/6 exist as bigenes on different chromosomes, sharing intergenic enhancers between gene pairs, which allows orchestrated spatiotemporal expression. Genomic alterations of human DLX gene enhancers or coding sequences result in congenital disorders such as split-hand/foot malformation. Aberrant postnatal expression of DLX genes is associated with hematological malignancies, including leukemias and lymphomas. In several mouse models of T-cell lymphoma, Dlx5 has been shown to act as an oncogene by cooperating with activated Akt, Notch1/3, and/or Wnt to drive tumor formation. In humans, DLX5 is aberrantly expressed in lung and ovarian carcinomas and holds promise as a therapeutic target. Abstract Homeobox genes control body patterning and cell-fate decisions during development. The homeobox genes consist of many families, only some of which have been investigated regarding a possible role in tumorigenesis. Dysregulation of HOX family genes have been widely implicated in cancer etiology. DLX homeobox genes, which belong to the NK-like family, exert dual roles in development and cancer. The DLX genes are the key transcription factors involved in regulating the development of craniofacial structures in vertebrates. The three DLX bigenes have overlapping expression in the branchial arches. Disruption of DLX function has destructive consequences in organogenesis and is associated with certain congenital disorders in humans. The role of DLX genes in oncogenesis is only beginning to emerge. DLX2 diminishes cellular senescence by regulating p53 function, whereas DLX4 has been associated with metastasis in breast cancer. In human ovarian cancer cells, DLX5 is essential for regulating AKT signaling, thereby promoting cell proliferation and survival. We previously implicated Dlx5 as an oncogene in murine T-cell lymphoma driven by a constitutively active form of Akt2. In this mouse model, overexpression of Dlx5 was caused by a chromosomal rearrangement that juxtaposed the Tcr-beta promoter region near the Dlx5 locus. Moreover, transgenic mice overexpressing Dlx5, specifically in immature T-cells, develop spontaneous thymic lymphomas. Oncogenesis in this mouse model involves binding of Dlx5 to the Notch1 and Notch3 gene loci to activate their transcription. Dlx5 also cooperates with Akt signaling to accelerate lymphomagenesis by activating Wnt signaling. We also discuss the fact that human DLX5 is aberrantly expressed in several human malignancies.
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Zhang X, Bian H, Wei W, Wang Q, Chen J, Hei R, Chen C, Wu X, Yuan H, Gu J, Lu Y, Cai C, Zheng Q. DLX5 promotes osteosarcoma progression via activation of the NOTCH signaling pathway. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:3354-3374. [PMID: 34249467 PMCID: PMC8263696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The distal-less (dlx) homeobox transcription factors have been implicated roles in bone development. DLX5, in particular, was shown to play essential roles in osteoblast differentiation by targeting RUNX2, a master transcription factor for bone development. Interestingly, DLX5 has also been shown to play an oncogenic role in lung and other cancers, possibly via regulation of MYC expression. Given its dual roles in bone and cancer, this study aimed to investigate the effect of DLX5 on progression of osteosarcoma (OS), the primary bone cancer that is characterized by abnormal bone formation and osteoblast activity. Expression of DLX5 in OS cell lines was detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot (WB). In vitro and in vivo assays were performed to investigate the oncogenic function of DLX5 in OS cells and xenograft models. Luciferase reporter assay was performed to determine the underlying mechanism of DLX5-mediated OS aggressiveness. The results showed that DLX5 was differentially expressed in OS cell lines, with significantly upregulated levels in HOS and MG-63 and relatively low levels in U2OS and 143B cell lines, compared with the normal bone cell line. DLX5 knockdown in HOS and MG-63 cell lines by siRNA inhibited OS cell growth and progression, and induced cell apoptosis and cell cycle changes both in vitro and in vivo. Meanwhile, DLX5 overexpression had the opposite effect on U2OS and 143B cell lines. Notably, a positive correlation between the expression patterns of NOTCH1 and DLX5 was also observed. The expression levels of NICD (NOTCH1 intracellular domain) and HES1 (classical target of NOTCH) were closely associated with DLX5 expression. Whereas knockdown of DLX5 in OS cells resulted in decreased expression of NOTCH1 and reduced cell proliferation and migration, which were rescued by overexpression of NOTCH1. We further analyzed DLX5 and NOTCH1 genes using JASPAR software and found two potential DLX5 binding sites within the NOTCH1 promoter. Dual-luciferase assay demonstrated that DLX5 specifically activates the NOTCH1 promoter and controls its expression. Taken together, our results support that DLX5 plays an oncogenic role in OS development, which can at least partially, be attributed to activation of the NOTCH signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Zhang
- Department of Hematological Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, China
- Shenzhen Academy of Peptide Targeting Technology at Pingshan, and Shenzhen Tyercan Bio-Pharm Co., Ltd.Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Huiqin Bian
- Department of Hematological Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430071, China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430071, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Hematological Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jinnan Chen
- Department of Hematological Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, China
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical CenterChicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Ruoxuan Hei
- Department of Hematological Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Hematological Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xuan Wu
- Department of Hematological Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Haochun Yuan
- Department of Hematological Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Junxia Gu
- Department of Hematological Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yaojuan Lu
- Shenzhen Academy of Peptide Targeting Technology at Pingshan, and Shenzhen Tyercan Bio-Pharm Co., Ltd.Shenzhen 518118, China
| | - Cheguo Cai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430071, China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430071, China
| | - Qiping Zheng
- Department of Hematological Laboratory Science, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013, China
- Shenzhen Academy of Peptide Targeting Technology at Pingshan, and Shenzhen Tyercan Bio-Pharm Co., Ltd.Shenzhen 518118, China
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Sun S, Yang F, Zhu Y, Zhang S. RETRACTED: KDM4A promotes the growth of non-small cell lung cancer by mediating the expression of Myc via DLX5 through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Life Sci 2020; 262:118508. [PMID: 33002480 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal). This article has been retracted at the request of the authors as they “found major problems in the data and conclusions through their later research”. 1. When the authors performed flow cytometry to detect apoptosis, the Annexin-V-coupled fluorophore they used was Fluor 647 (as described in the Methods section), which was incorrectly labelled as the Annexin-V-coupled fluorophore as FITC in their Figures (Fig. 5E, 7C and Fig. S1D). The excitation wavelengths of Alexa Fluor 647 (594/633 nm) are different from that of FITC (490 nm/520 nm), this mistake would lead to unreliability of their data. 2. The authors discovered a major error during the traceability of the antibodies used in the experiments. The primary antibody they used to detect KDM4A was actually a primary antibody for KDM6B, as evidenced by the western blots. KDM6B is a 177-kDa protein (consistent with the kDa shown in Fig. 1K and Fig. 2B), while KDM4A is a 150-kDa protein. 3. Lastly, the authors carelessly mislabeled KDM4A as KDM4B in Fig. 7. The authors and the Editors believe that the conclusions of the paper are not dependable, so we have decided to retract the paper. Apologies are offered to readers of the journal that this was not detected during the submission process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Sun
- Department of General Oncotherapy, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Weihai 264200, Shandong, PR China
| | - Fujun Yang
- Department of General Oncotherapy, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Weihai 264200, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yongcun Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Weihai 264200, Shandong, PR China
| | - Shukun Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Weihai Municipal Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Weihai 264200, Shandong, PR China.
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Zhang TJ, Xu ZJ, Gu Y, Wen XM, Ma JC, Zhang W, Deng ZQ, Leng JY, Qian J, Lin J, Zhou JD. Identification and validation of prognosis-related DLX5 methylation as an epigenetic driver in myeloid neoplasms. Clin Transl Med 2020; 10:e29. [PMID: 32508046 PMCID: PMC7403826 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The deregulated DLX gene family members DLX1/2/3/4/5/6 (DLXs) caused by DNA methylation has been demonstrated in various cancers with therapeutic target value. However, the potential role of DLXs methylation in myeloid neoplasms such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) remains to be elucidated. Clinical significance of DLXs methylation/expression was analyzed in patient with AML and MDS. The functional roles of DLXs were determined in vitro. In the identification stage, we found that lower DLX5 expression was correlated with prognosis in AML among all DLXs analyzed by The Cancer Genome Atlas datasets. In the validation stage, we revealed that reduced DLX5 expression was frequently occurred, and was also correlated with promoter hypermethylation in AML evaluated by targeted bisulfite sequencing. Epigenetic studies also showed that DLX5 promoter DNA methylation was associated with its expression. By quantitative polymerase chain reaction, we also validated that DLX5 hypermethylation was frequent event in both AML and MDS, and also correlated with MDS transformation to leukemia. Moreover, DLX5 hypermethylation was associated with lower rate of complete remission and shorter time of leukemia‐free/overall survival, and was also confirmed by Logistic/Cox regression analysis. Functional studies revealed the antiproliferative and pro‐apoptotic effects of DLX5 in MDS‐derived AML cell‐line SKM‐1. Finally, bioinformatics analysis demonstrated that DLX5 functioned in leukemogenesis may be through the association with PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Collectively, our findings demonstrated that DLX5 methylation, negatively correlated DLX5 expression, was a potential prognostic and predictive indicator in patients with AML and MDS, which could also act as an epigenetic driver in myeloid neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Juan Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, P. R. China.,Zhenjiang Clinical Research Center of Hematology, Zhenjiang, P. R. China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Hematologic Neoplasms of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, P. R. China
| | - Zi-Jun Xu
- Zhenjiang Clinical Research Center of Hematology, Zhenjiang, P. R. China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Hematologic Neoplasms of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, P. R. China.,Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, P. R. China
| | - Yu Gu
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, P. R. China.,Zhenjiang Clinical Research Center of Hematology, Zhenjiang, P. R. China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Hematologic Neoplasms of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Mei Wen
- Zhenjiang Clinical Research Center of Hematology, Zhenjiang, P. R. China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Hematologic Neoplasms of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, P. R. China.,Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, P. R. China
| | - Ji-Chun Ma
- Zhenjiang Clinical Research Center of Hematology, Zhenjiang, P. R. China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Hematologic Neoplasms of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, P. R. China.,Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, P. R. China.,Zhenjiang Clinical Research Center of Hematology, Zhenjiang, P. R. China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Hematologic Neoplasms of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, P. R. China
| | - Zhao-Qun Deng
- Zhenjiang Clinical Research Center of Hematology, Zhenjiang, P. R. China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Hematologic Neoplasms of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, P. R. China.,Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Yan Leng
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, P. R. China.,Zhenjiang Clinical Research Center of Hematology, Zhenjiang, P. R. China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Hematologic Neoplasms of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, P. R. China
| | - Jun Qian
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, P. R. China.,Zhenjiang Clinical Research Center of Hematology, Zhenjiang, P. R. China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Hematologic Neoplasms of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, P. R. China
| | - Jiang Lin
- Zhenjiang Clinical Research Center of Hematology, Zhenjiang, P. R. China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Hematologic Neoplasms of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, P. R. China.,Laboratory Center, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Dong Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, P. R. China.,Zhenjiang Clinical Research Center of Hematology, Zhenjiang, P. R. China.,The Key Lab of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment in Hematologic Neoplasms of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, P. R. China
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9
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Bommu U, Konidala KK, Pabbaraju N, Yeguvapalli S. Gene microarray expression profile analysis of differentially expressed genes of potential alternative pathways in non–small cell lung cancer: In search of biomarkers. GENE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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10
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Bi X, Zhai J, Xia Y, Li H. Analysis of genetic information from the antlers of Rangifer tarandus (reindeer) at the rapid growth stage. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230168. [PMID: 32168333 PMCID: PMC7069613 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Reindeer is the only deer species in which both males and females regularly grow antlers, providing an excellent model for studying the rapid growth and annual regeneration of antlers. The study of genetic information from reindeer is the basis for revealing the unique mechanism of antler growth. In the present study, we obtained 18.86 GB of clean reads, which were assembled to obtain 94,575 unigenes (average length: 704.69). Among these reads, 30,980 sequences were identified by searching a database of known proteins and then annotated with Gene Ontology (GO) terms, Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG) classifications and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. All 7,480 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were detected. A total of 84,435 and 82,226 high-quality single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified in male and female reindeer, respectively. We identified 31 genes that were highly expressed in reindeer antlers. These genes regulate cell activities that are closely associated with the process of rapid tissue growth. Our results provide a basis for studying reindeer antlers and for further studying the molecular genetics, population genetics, and functional genomics of reindeer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Bi
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Xiangfang District, China
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Chifeng University, Hongshan District, China
| | - Jiancheng Zhai
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Xiangfang District, China
- School of Earth Sciences, East China University of Technology, China
| | - Yanling Xia
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Xiangfang District, China
- School of Earth Sciences, East China University of Technology, China
| | - Heping Li
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Xiangfang District, China
- * E-mail:
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11
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Wang L, Zhang X, Liu Y, Xu S. Long noncoding RNA FBXL19-AS1 induces tumor growth and metastasis by sponging miR-203a-3p in lung adenocarcinoma. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:3612-3625. [PMID: 31566718 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The pivotal roles of long noncoding RNAs have been reported in various cancers. Recently, FBXL19-AS1 was proposed to be involved in tumor progression. However, its role in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains elusive. In this study, we observed that FBXL19-AS1 was significantly upregulated in LUAD tissues and high FBXL19-AS1 expression in LUAD was associated with a poor prognosis. Nevertheless, miR-203-3p showed the opposite effect. Moreover, cell viability and apoptosis analysis revealed that FBXL19-AS1 knockdown could arrest LUAD cells in G0/G1 phase and inhibit cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro and inhibited LUAD tumor progress in vivo. Mechanistically, we identified FBXL19-AS1 could act as a miR-203a-3p sponge using dual-luciferase reporter assay. In addition, we demonstrated that downregulation of miR-203a-3p reversed growth inhibition of LUAD cells caused by FBXL19-AS1 knockdown. Finally, FBXL19-AS1/miR-203a-3p axis was found to associate with baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 5.1-A-like (survivin), distal-less homeobox 5, E2F transcription factor 1, and zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 2 to regulate metastasis in LUAD cells. This study reveals a significance and mechanism of FBXL19-AS1 in LUAD proliferation and metastasis and offers a potential prognostic marker and a therapeutic target for patients with LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shun Xu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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12
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Wang XF, Zhang BH, Lu XQ, Wang RQ. DLX5 gene regulates the Notch signaling pathway to promote glomerulosclerosis and interstitial fibrosis in uremic rats. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:21825-21837. [PMID: 31297803 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Uremia largely results from the accumulation of organic waste products normally cleared by the kidneys, which commonly accompanies kidney failure and chronic kidney disease. However, genetic investigations in a uremia remain largely unclear. This study aimed to determine the expression patterns of distal-less homeobox 5 (DLX5) in uremia rat model and further to study its effects on glomerulosclerosis and interstitial fibrosis. Uremic expression chip was applied to screen differentially expressed genes in uremia. Next, we used small interfering RNA-mediated RNA interference to specifically silence DLX5 in experimental uremic rats to understand the regulatory mechanism of DLX5. To understand effect of Notch1 signaling pathway in uremia, we also treated experimental uremic rats with γ-secretase inhibitor (GSI), an inhibitor of Notch1 signaling pathway. The expression of fibronectin (FN), laminin (LN), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), Hes1, Hes5, and Jagged2 was determined. The semiquantitative assessment was applied to verify the effects of DLX5 on glomerulosclerosis. In the uremic expression chip, we found that DLX5 was upregulated in uremia samples, and considered to regulate the Notch signaling pathway. We found that small interfering RNA-mediated DLX5 inhibition or Notch1 signaling pathway inhibitory treatment relieved and delayed the kidney injury and glomerulosclerosis in uremia. Meanwhile, inhibition of DLX5 or Nothch1 signaling pathway reduced expression of FN, LN, Nothch1, TGF-β1, Hes1, Hes5, and Jagged2. Intriguingly, we discovered that Notch1 signaling pathway was inhibited after silencing DLX5. In conclusion, these findings highlight that DLX5 regulates Notch signaling, which may, in turn, promote complications of uremia such as kidney fibrosis, providing a novel therapeutic target for treating uremia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Fang Wang
- Department of Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Bei-Hao Zhang
- Department of Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Qing Lu
- Department of Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Qiang Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
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13
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Allelic Switching of DLX5, GRB10, and SVOPL during Colorectal Cancer Tumorigenesis. Int J Genomics 2019; 2019:1287671. [PMID: 31093489 PMCID: PMC6481143 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1287671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Allele-specific expression (ASE) is found in approximately 20-30% of human genes. During tumorigenesis, ASE changes due to somatic alterations that change the regulatory landscape. In colorectal cancer (CRC), many chromosomes show frequent gains or losses while homozygosity of chromosome 7 is rare. We hypothesized that genes essential to survival show allele-specific expression (ASE) on both alleles of chromosome 7. Using a panel of 21 recently established low-passage CRC cell lines, we performed ASE analysis by hybridizing DNA and cDNA to Infinium HumanExome-12 v1 BeadChips containing cSNPs in 392 chromosome 7 genes. The results of this initial analysis were extended and validated in a set of 89 paired normal mucosa and CRC samples. We found that 14% of genes showed ASE in one or more cell lines and identified allelic switching of the potential cell survival genes DLX5, GRB10, and SVOPL on chromosome 7, whereby the most abundantly expressed allele in the normal tissue is the lowest expressed allele in the tumor and vice versa. We established that this allelic switch does not result from loss of imprinting. The allelic switching of SVOPL may be a result of transcriptional downregulation, while the exact mechanisms resulting in the allelic switching of DLX5 and GRB10 remain to be elucidated. In conclusion, our results show that profound changes take place in allelic transcriptional regulation during the tumorigenesis of CRC.
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14
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Jones RA, Franks SE, Moorehead RA. Comparative mRNA and miRNA transcriptome analysis of a mouse model of IGFIR-driven lung cancer. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206948. [PMID: 30412601 PMCID: PMC6226179 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mouse models of cancer play an important role in elucidating the molecular mechanisms that contribute to tumorigenesis. The extent to which these models resemble one another and their human counterparts at the molecular level is critical in understanding tumorigenesis. In this study, we carried out a comparative gene expression analysis to generate a detailed molecular portrait of a transgenic mouse model of IGFIR-driven lung cancer. IGFIR-driven tumors displayed a strong resemblance with established mouse models of lung adenocarcinoma, particularly EGFR-driven models highlighted by elevated levels of the EGFR ligands Ereg and Areg. Cross-species analysis revealed a shared increase in human lung adenocarcinoma markers including Nkx2.1 and Napsa as well as alterations in a subset of genes with oncogenic and tumor suppressive properties such as Aurka, Ret, Klf4 and Lats2. Integrated miRNA and mRNA analysis in IGFIR-driven tumors identified interaction pairs with roles in ErbB signaling while cross-species analysis revealed coordinated expression of a subset of conserved miRNAs and their targets including miR-21-5p (Reck, Timp3 and Tgfbr3). Overall, these findings support the use of SPC-IGFIR mice as a model of human lung adenocarcinoma and provide a comprehensive knowledge base to dissect the molecular pathogenesis of tumor initiation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A. Jones
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah E. Franks
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Roger A. Moorehead
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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15
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Jaiswal RK, Kumar P, Kumar M, Yadava PK. hTERT promotes tumor progression by enhancing TSPAN13 expression in osteosarcoma cells. Mol Carcinog 2018; 57:1038-1054. [PMID: 29722072 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Telomerase complex maintains the length of the telome, cbre, and protects erosion of the physical ends of the eukaryotic chromosome in all actively dividing cells including cancer cells. Telomerase activation extends the lifespan of cells in culture by maintaining the length of the telomere. Compared to terminally differentiated somatic cells, telomerase activity remains high in over 90% of cancer cells. It has now become clear that the role of telomerase is much more complex than just telomere lengthening. The remaining 10% of cancers deploy ALT (alternative lengthening of telomeres) pathway to maintain telomere length. Telomerase inhibitors offer a good therapeutic option. Also, telomerase-associated molecules can be targeted provided their roles are clearly established. In any case, it is necessary to understand the major role of telomerase in cancer cells. Many studies have already been done to explore gene profiling of a telomerase positive cell by knocking down expression of hTERT (telomerase reverse transcriptase). To complement these studies, we performed global gene profiling of a telomerase negative cell by ectopically expressing hTERT and studied changes in the global gene expression patterns. Analysis of microarray data for telomerase negative cells ectopically expressing telomerase showed 76 differentially regulated genes, out of which 39 genes were upregulated, and 37 were downregulated. Three upregulated genes such as TSPAN13, HMGCS2, DLX5, and three downregulated genes like DHRS2, CRYAB, and PDLIM1 were validated by real-time PCR. Knocking down of TSAPN13 in hTERT overexpressing U2OS cells enhanced the apoptosis of the cells. TSPAN13 knockdown in these cells suppressed mesenchymal properties and enhanced epithelial character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi K Jaiswal
- Applied Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Pramod Kumar
- Applied Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.,Department of Reproductive Biology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Applied Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Pramod K Yadava
- Applied Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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16
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Zadora J, Singh M, Herse F, Przybyl L, Haase N, Golic M, Yung HW, Huppertz B, Cartwright JE, Whitley G, Johnsen GM, Levi G, Isbruch A, Schulz H, Luft FC, Müller DN, Staff AC, Hurst LD, Dechend R, Izsvák Z. Disturbed Placental Imprinting in Preeclampsia Leads to Altered Expression of DLX5, a Human-Specific Early Trophoblast Marker. Circulation 2017; 136:1824-1839. [PMID: 28904069 PMCID: PMC5671803 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.117.028110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background: Preeclampsia is a complex and common human-specific pregnancy syndrome associated with placental pathology. The human specificity provides both intellectual and methodological challenges, lacking a robust model system. Given the role of imprinted genes in human placentation and the vulnerability of imprinted genes to loss of imprinting changes, there has been extensive speculation, but no robust evidence, that imprinted genes are involved in preeclampsia. Our study aims to investigate whether disturbed imprinting contributes to preeclampsia. Methods: We first aimed to confirm that preeclampsia is a disease of the placenta by generating and analyzing genome-wide molecular data on well-characterized patient material. We performed high-throughput transcriptome analyses of multiple placenta samples from healthy controls and patients with preeclampsia. Next, we identified differentially expressed genes in preeclamptic placentas and intersected them with the list of human imprinted genes. We used bioinformatics/statistical analyses to confirm association between imprinting and preeclampsia and to predict biological processes affected in preeclampsia. Validation included epigenetic and cellular assays. In terms of human specificity, we established an in vitro invasion-differentiation trophoblast model. Our comparative phylogenetic analysis involved single-cell transcriptome data of human, macaque, and mouse preimplantation embryogenesis. Results: We found disturbed placental imprinting in preeclampsia and revealed potential candidates, including GATA3 and DLX5, with poorly explored imprinted status and no prior association with preeclampsia. As a result of loss of imprinting, DLX5 was upregulated in 69% of preeclamptic placentas. Levels of DLX5 correlated with classic preeclampsia markers. DLX5 is expressed in human but not in murine trophoblast. The DLX5high phenotype resulted in reduced proliferation, increased metabolism, and endoplasmic reticulum stress-response activation in trophoblasts in vitro. The transcriptional profile of such cells mimics the transcriptome of preeclamptic placentas. Pan-mammalian comparative analysis identified DLX5 as part of the human-specific regulatory network of trophoblast differentiation. Conclusions: Our analysis provides evidence of a true association among disturbed imprinting, gene expression, and preeclampsia. As a result of disturbed imprinting, the upregulated DLX5 affects trophoblast proliferation. Our in vitro model might fill a vital niche in preeclampsia research. Human-specific regulatory circuitry of DLX5 might help explain certain aspects of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianna Zadora
- From Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany (J.Z., M.S., F.H., N.H., D.N.M., Z.I.); Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and the Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (J.Z., F.H., L.P., N.H., M.G., H.S., F.C.L., D.N.M., R.D.); Berlin Institute of Health, Germany (J.Z., F.H., L.P., N.H., M.G., F.C.L., D.N.M., R.D., Z.I.); Department of Obstetrics and Department of Gynecology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (M.G.); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Berlin, Germany (N.H., D.N.M.); Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, UK (H.W.Y.); Institute of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Austria (B.H.); Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, UK (J.E.C., G.W.); Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway (G.M.J., A.C.S.); University of Oslo, Norway (G.M.J., A.C.S.); Évolution des Régulations Endocriniennes, Muséum Nationale d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France (G.L.); HELIOS-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany (A.I., R.D.); Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Germany (H.S.); and Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, UK (L.D.H.)
| | - Manvendra Singh
- From Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany (J.Z., M.S., F.H., N.H., D.N.M., Z.I.); Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and the Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (J.Z., F.H., L.P., N.H., M.G., H.S., F.C.L., D.N.M., R.D.); Berlin Institute of Health, Germany (J.Z., F.H., L.P., N.H., M.G., F.C.L., D.N.M., R.D., Z.I.); Department of Obstetrics and Department of Gynecology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (M.G.); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Berlin, Germany (N.H., D.N.M.); Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, UK (H.W.Y.); Institute of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Austria (B.H.); Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, UK (J.E.C., G.W.); Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway (G.M.J., A.C.S.); University of Oslo, Norway (G.M.J., A.C.S.); Évolution des Régulations Endocriniennes, Muséum Nationale d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France (G.L.); HELIOS-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany (A.I., R.D.); Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Germany (H.S.); and Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, UK (L.D.H.)
| | - Florian Herse
- From Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany (J.Z., M.S., F.H., N.H., D.N.M., Z.I.); Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and the Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (J.Z., F.H., L.P., N.H., M.G., H.S., F.C.L., D.N.M., R.D.); Berlin Institute of Health, Germany (J.Z., F.H., L.P., N.H., M.G., F.C.L., D.N.M., R.D., Z.I.); Department of Obstetrics and Department of Gynecology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (M.G.); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Berlin, Germany (N.H., D.N.M.); Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, UK (H.W.Y.); Institute of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Austria (B.H.); Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, UK (J.E.C., G.W.); Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway (G.M.J., A.C.S.); University of Oslo, Norway (G.M.J., A.C.S.); Évolution des Régulations Endocriniennes, Muséum Nationale d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France (G.L.); HELIOS-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany (A.I., R.D.); Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Germany (H.S.); and Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, UK (L.D.H.)
| | - Lukasz Przybyl
- From Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany (J.Z., M.S., F.H., N.H., D.N.M., Z.I.); Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and the Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (J.Z., F.H., L.P., N.H., M.G., H.S., F.C.L., D.N.M., R.D.); Berlin Institute of Health, Germany (J.Z., F.H., L.P., N.H., M.G., F.C.L., D.N.M., R.D., Z.I.); Department of Obstetrics and Department of Gynecology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (M.G.); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Berlin, Germany (N.H., D.N.M.); Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, UK (H.W.Y.); Institute of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Austria (B.H.); Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, UK (J.E.C., G.W.); Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway (G.M.J., A.C.S.); University of Oslo, Norway (G.M.J., A.C.S.); Évolution des Régulations Endocriniennes, Muséum Nationale d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France (G.L.); HELIOS-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany (A.I., R.D.); Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Germany (H.S.); and Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, UK (L.D.H.)
| | - Nadine Haase
- From Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany (J.Z., M.S., F.H., N.H., D.N.M., Z.I.); Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and the Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (J.Z., F.H., L.P., N.H., M.G., H.S., F.C.L., D.N.M., R.D.); Berlin Institute of Health, Germany (J.Z., F.H., L.P., N.H., M.G., F.C.L., D.N.M., R.D., Z.I.); Department of Obstetrics and Department of Gynecology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (M.G.); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Berlin, Germany (N.H., D.N.M.); Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, UK (H.W.Y.); Institute of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Austria (B.H.); Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, UK (J.E.C., G.W.); Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway (G.M.J., A.C.S.); University of Oslo, Norway (G.M.J., A.C.S.); Évolution des Régulations Endocriniennes, Muséum Nationale d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France (G.L.); HELIOS-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany (A.I., R.D.); Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Germany (H.S.); and Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, UK (L.D.H.)
| | - Michaela Golic
- From Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany (J.Z., M.S., F.H., N.H., D.N.M., Z.I.); Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and the Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (J.Z., F.H., L.P., N.H., M.G., H.S., F.C.L., D.N.M., R.D.); Berlin Institute of Health, Germany (J.Z., F.H., L.P., N.H., M.G., F.C.L., D.N.M., R.D., Z.I.); Department of Obstetrics and Department of Gynecology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (M.G.); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Berlin, Germany (N.H., D.N.M.); Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, UK (H.W.Y.); Institute of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Austria (B.H.); Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, UK (J.E.C., G.W.); Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway (G.M.J., A.C.S.); University of Oslo, Norway (G.M.J., A.C.S.); Évolution des Régulations Endocriniennes, Muséum Nationale d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France (G.L.); HELIOS-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany (A.I., R.D.); Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Germany (H.S.); and Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, UK (L.D.H.)
| | - Hong Wa Yung
- From Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany (J.Z., M.S., F.H., N.H., D.N.M., Z.I.); Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and the Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (J.Z., F.H., L.P., N.H., M.G., H.S., F.C.L., D.N.M., R.D.); Berlin Institute of Health, Germany (J.Z., F.H., L.P., N.H., M.G., F.C.L., D.N.M., R.D., Z.I.); Department of Obstetrics and Department of Gynecology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (M.G.); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Berlin, Germany (N.H., D.N.M.); Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, UK (H.W.Y.); Institute of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Austria (B.H.); Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, UK (J.E.C., G.W.); Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway (G.M.J., A.C.S.); University of Oslo, Norway (G.M.J., A.C.S.); Évolution des Régulations Endocriniennes, Muséum Nationale d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France (G.L.); HELIOS-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany (A.I., R.D.); Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Germany (H.S.); and Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, UK (L.D.H.)
| | - Berthold Huppertz
- From Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany (J.Z., M.S., F.H., N.H., D.N.M., Z.I.); Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and the Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (J.Z., F.H., L.P., N.H., M.G., H.S., F.C.L., D.N.M., R.D.); Berlin Institute of Health, Germany (J.Z., F.H., L.P., N.H., M.G., F.C.L., D.N.M., R.D., Z.I.); Department of Obstetrics and Department of Gynecology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (M.G.); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Berlin, Germany (N.H., D.N.M.); Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, UK (H.W.Y.); Institute of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Austria (B.H.); Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, UK (J.E.C., G.W.); Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway (G.M.J., A.C.S.); University of Oslo, Norway (G.M.J., A.C.S.); Évolution des Régulations Endocriniennes, Muséum Nationale d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France (G.L.); HELIOS-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany (A.I., R.D.); Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Germany (H.S.); and Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, UK (L.D.H.)
| | - Judith E Cartwright
- From Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany (J.Z., M.S., F.H., N.H., D.N.M., Z.I.); Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and the Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (J.Z., F.H., L.P., N.H., M.G., H.S., F.C.L., D.N.M., R.D.); Berlin Institute of Health, Germany (J.Z., F.H., L.P., N.H., M.G., F.C.L., D.N.M., R.D., Z.I.); Department of Obstetrics and Department of Gynecology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (M.G.); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Berlin, Germany (N.H., D.N.M.); Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, UK (H.W.Y.); Institute of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Austria (B.H.); Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, UK (J.E.C., G.W.); Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway (G.M.J., A.C.S.); University of Oslo, Norway (G.M.J., A.C.S.); Évolution des Régulations Endocriniennes, Muséum Nationale d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France (G.L.); HELIOS-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany (A.I., R.D.); Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Germany (H.S.); and Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, UK (L.D.H.)
| | - Guy Whitley
- From Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany (J.Z., M.S., F.H., N.H., D.N.M., Z.I.); Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and the Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (J.Z., F.H., L.P., N.H., M.G., H.S., F.C.L., D.N.M., R.D.); Berlin Institute of Health, Germany (J.Z., F.H., L.P., N.H., M.G., F.C.L., D.N.M., R.D., Z.I.); Department of Obstetrics and Department of Gynecology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (M.G.); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Berlin, Germany (N.H., D.N.M.); Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, UK (H.W.Y.); Institute of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Austria (B.H.); Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, UK (J.E.C., G.W.); Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway (G.M.J., A.C.S.); University of Oslo, Norway (G.M.J., A.C.S.); Évolution des Régulations Endocriniennes, Muséum Nationale d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France (G.L.); HELIOS-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany (A.I., R.D.); Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Germany (H.S.); and Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, UK (L.D.H.)
| | - Guro M Johnsen
- From Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany (J.Z., M.S., F.H., N.H., D.N.M., Z.I.); Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and the Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (J.Z., F.H., L.P., N.H., M.G., H.S., F.C.L., D.N.M., R.D.); Berlin Institute of Health, Germany (J.Z., F.H., L.P., N.H., M.G., F.C.L., D.N.M., R.D., Z.I.); Department of Obstetrics and Department of Gynecology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (M.G.); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Berlin, Germany (N.H., D.N.M.); Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, UK (H.W.Y.); Institute of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Austria (B.H.); Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, UK (J.E.C., G.W.); Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway (G.M.J., A.C.S.); University of Oslo, Norway (G.M.J., A.C.S.); Évolution des Régulations Endocriniennes, Muséum Nationale d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France (G.L.); HELIOS-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany (A.I., R.D.); Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Germany (H.S.); and Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, UK (L.D.H.)
| | - Giovanni Levi
- From Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany (J.Z., M.S., F.H., N.H., D.N.M., Z.I.); Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and the Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (J.Z., F.H., L.P., N.H., M.G., H.S., F.C.L., D.N.M., R.D.); Berlin Institute of Health, Germany (J.Z., F.H., L.P., N.H., M.G., F.C.L., D.N.M., R.D., Z.I.); Department of Obstetrics and Department of Gynecology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (M.G.); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Berlin, Germany (N.H., D.N.M.); Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, UK (H.W.Y.); Institute of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Austria (B.H.); Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, UK (J.E.C., G.W.); Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway (G.M.J., A.C.S.); University of Oslo, Norway (G.M.J., A.C.S.); Évolution des Régulations Endocriniennes, Muséum Nationale d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France (G.L.); HELIOS-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany (A.I., R.D.); Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Germany (H.S.); and Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, UK (L.D.H.)
| | - Annette Isbruch
- From Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany (J.Z., M.S., F.H., N.H., D.N.M., Z.I.); Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and the Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (J.Z., F.H., L.P., N.H., M.G., H.S., F.C.L., D.N.M., R.D.); Berlin Institute of Health, Germany (J.Z., F.H., L.P., N.H., M.G., F.C.L., D.N.M., R.D., Z.I.); Department of Obstetrics and Department of Gynecology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (M.G.); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Berlin, Germany (N.H., D.N.M.); Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, UK (H.W.Y.); Institute of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Austria (B.H.); Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, UK (J.E.C., G.W.); Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway (G.M.J., A.C.S.); University of Oslo, Norway (G.M.J., A.C.S.); Évolution des Régulations Endocriniennes, Muséum Nationale d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France (G.L.); HELIOS-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany (A.I., R.D.); Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Germany (H.S.); and Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, UK (L.D.H.)
| | - Herbert Schulz
- From Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany (J.Z., M.S., F.H., N.H., D.N.M., Z.I.); Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and the Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (J.Z., F.H., L.P., N.H., M.G., H.S., F.C.L., D.N.M., R.D.); Berlin Institute of Health, Germany (J.Z., F.H., L.P., N.H., M.G., F.C.L., D.N.M., R.D., Z.I.); Department of Obstetrics and Department of Gynecology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (M.G.); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Berlin, Germany (N.H., D.N.M.); Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, UK (H.W.Y.); Institute of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Austria (B.H.); Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, UK (J.E.C., G.W.); Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway (G.M.J., A.C.S.); University of Oslo, Norway (G.M.J., A.C.S.); Évolution des Régulations Endocriniennes, Muséum Nationale d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France (G.L.); HELIOS-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany (A.I., R.D.); Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Germany (H.S.); and Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, UK (L.D.H.)
| | - Friedrich C Luft
- From Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany (J.Z., M.S., F.H., N.H., D.N.M., Z.I.); Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and the Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (J.Z., F.H., L.P., N.H., M.G., H.S., F.C.L., D.N.M., R.D.); Berlin Institute of Health, Germany (J.Z., F.H., L.P., N.H., M.G., F.C.L., D.N.M., R.D., Z.I.); Department of Obstetrics and Department of Gynecology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (M.G.); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Berlin, Germany (N.H., D.N.M.); Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, UK (H.W.Y.); Institute of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Austria (B.H.); Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, UK (J.E.C., G.W.); Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway (G.M.J., A.C.S.); University of Oslo, Norway (G.M.J., A.C.S.); Évolution des Régulations Endocriniennes, Muséum Nationale d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France (G.L.); HELIOS-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany (A.I., R.D.); Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Germany (H.S.); and Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, UK (L.D.H.)
| | - Dominik N Müller
- From Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany (J.Z., M.S., F.H., N.H., D.N.M., Z.I.); Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and the Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (J.Z., F.H., L.P., N.H., M.G., H.S., F.C.L., D.N.M., R.D.); Berlin Institute of Health, Germany (J.Z., F.H., L.P., N.H., M.G., F.C.L., D.N.M., R.D., Z.I.); Department of Obstetrics and Department of Gynecology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (M.G.); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Berlin, Germany (N.H., D.N.M.); Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, UK (H.W.Y.); Institute of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Austria (B.H.); Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, UK (J.E.C., G.W.); Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway (G.M.J., A.C.S.); University of Oslo, Norway (G.M.J., A.C.S.); Évolution des Régulations Endocriniennes, Muséum Nationale d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France (G.L.); HELIOS-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany (A.I., R.D.); Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Germany (H.S.); and Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, UK (L.D.H.)
| | - Anne Cathrine Staff
- From Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany (J.Z., M.S., F.H., N.H., D.N.M., Z.I.); Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and the Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (J.Z., F.H., L.P., N.H., M.G., H.S., F.C.L., D.N.M., R.D.); Berlin Institute of Health, Germany (J.Z., F.H., L.P., N.H., M.G., F.C.L., D.N.M., R.D., Z.I.); Department of Obstetrics and Department of Gynecology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (M.G.); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Berlin, Germany (N.H., D.N.M.); Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, UK (H.W.Y.); Institute of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Austria (B.H.); Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, UK (J.E.C., G.W.); Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway (G.M.J., A.C.S.); University of Oslo, Norway (G.M.J., A.C.S.); Évolution des Régulations Endocriniennes, Muséum Nationale d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France (G.L.); HELIOS-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany (A.I., R.D.); Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Germany (H.S.); and Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, UK (L.D.H.)
| | - Laurence D Hurst
- From Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany (J.Z., M.S., F.H., N.H., D.N.M., Z.I.); Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and the Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (J.Z., F.H., L.P., N.H., M.G., H.S., F.C.L., D.N.M., R.D.); Berlin Institute of Health, Germany (J.Z., F.H., L.P., N.H., M.G., F.C.L., D.N.M., R.D., Z.I.); Department of Obstetrics and Department of Gynecology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (M.G.); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Berlin, Germany (N.H., D.N.M.); Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, UK (H.W.Y.); Institute of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Austria (B.H.); Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, UK (J.E.C., G.W.); Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway (G.M.J., A.C.S.); University of Oslo, Norway (G.M.J., A.C.S.); Évolution des Régulations Endocriniennes, Muséum Nationale d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France (G.L.); HELIOS-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany (A.I., R.D.); Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Germany (H.S.); and Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, UK (L.D.H.).
| | - Ralf Dechend
- From Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany (J.Z., M.S., F.H., N.H., D.N.M., Z.I.); Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and the Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (J.Z., F.H., L.P., N.H., M.G., H.S., F.C.L., D.N.M., R.D.); Berlin Institute of Health, Germany (J.Z., F.H., L.P., N.H., M.G., F.C.L., D.N.M., R.D., Z.I.); Department of Obstetrics and Department of Gynecology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (M.G.); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Berlin, Germany (N.H., D.N.M.); Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, UK (H.W.Y.); Institute of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Austria (B.H.); Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, UK (J.E.C., G.W.); Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway (G.M.J., A.C.S.); University of Oslo, Norway (G.M.J., A.C.S.); Évolution des Régulations Endocriniennes, Muséum Nationale d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France (G.L.); HELIOS-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany (A.I., R.D.); Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Germany (H.S.); and Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, UK (L.D.H.).
| | - Zsuzsanna Izsvák
- From Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany (J.Z., M.S., F.H., N.H., D.N.M., Z.I.); Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation between the Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and the Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (J.Z., F.H., L.P., N.H., M.G., H.S., F.C.L., D.N.M., R.D.); Berlin Institute of Health, Germany (J.Z., F.H., L.P., N.H., M.G., F.C.L., D.N.M., R.D., Z.I.); Department of Obstetrics and Department of Gynecology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (M.G.); German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Berlin, Germany (N.H., D.N.M.); Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, UK (H.W.Y.); Institute of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Austria (B.H.); Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St George's University of London, UK (J.E.C., G.W.); Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway (G.M.J., A.C.S.); University of Oslo, Norway (G.M.J., A.C.S.); Évolution des Régulations Endocriniennes, Muséum Nationale d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France (G.L.); HELIOS-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany (A.I., R.D.); Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Germany (H.S.); and Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, UK (L.D.H.).
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17
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Tan Y, Sementino E, Xu J, Pei J, Liu Z, Ito TK, Cai KQ, Peri S, Klein-Szanto AJP, Wiest DL, Testa JR. The homeoprotein Dlx5 drives murine T-cell lymphomagenesis by directly transactivating Notch and upregulating Akt signaling. Oncotarget 2017; 8:14941-14956. [PMID: 28122332 PMCID: PMC5362456 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeobox genes play a critical role in embryonic development, but they have also been implicated in cancer through mechanisms that are largely unknown. While not expressed during normal T-cell development, homeobox transcription factor genes can be reactivated via recurrent chromosomal rearrangements in human T-cell acute leukemia/lymphoma (T-ALL), a malignancy often associated with activated Notch and Akt signaling. To address how epigenetic reprogramming via an activated homeobox gene might contribute to T-lymphomagenesis, we investigated a transgenic mouse model with thymocyte-specific overexpression of the Dlx5 homeobox gene. We demonstrate for the first time that Dlx5 induces T-cell lymphomas with high penetrance. Integrated ChIP-seq and mRNA microarray analyses identified Notch1/3 and Irs2 as direct transcriptional targets of Dlx5, a gene signature unique to lymphomas from Lck-Dlx5 mice as compared to T-cell lymphomas from Lck-MyrAkt2 mice, which were previously reported by our group. Moreover, promoter/enhancer studies confirmed that Dlx5 directly transactivates Notch expression. Notch1/3 expression and Irs2-induced Akt signaling were upregulated throughout early stages of T-cell development, which promoted cell survival during β-selection of T lymphocytes. Dlx5 was required for tumor maintenance via its activation of Notch and Akt, as tumor cells were highly sensitive to Notch and Akt inhibitors. Together, these findings provide unbiased genetic and mechanistic evidence that Dlx5 acts as an oncogene when aberrantly expressed in T cells, and that it is a novel discovery that Notch is a direct target of Dlx5. These experimental findings provide mechanistic insights about how reactivation of the Dlx5 gene can drive T-ALL by aberrant epigenetic reprogramming of the T-cell genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinfei Tan
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Eleonora Sementino
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Jinfei Xu
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Jianming Pei
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Zemin Liu
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Timothy K Ito
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Kathy Q Cai
- Histopathology Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Suraj Peri
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Andres J P Klein-Szanto
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
- Histopathology Facility, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - David L Wiest
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - Joseph R Testa
- Cancer Biology Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
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18
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Damián-Zamacona S, Toledo-Ibelles P, Ibarra-Abundis MZ, Uribe-Figueroa L, Hernández-Lemus E, Macedo-Alcibia KP, Delgado–Coello B, Mas-Oliva J, Reyes-Grajeda JP. Early Transcriptomic Response to LDL and oxLDL in Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163924. [PMID: 27727291 PMCID: PMC5058556 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although nowadays it is well known that the human transcriptome can importantly vary according to external or environmental condition, the reflection of this concept when studying oxidative stress and its direct relationship with gene expression profiling during the process of atherogenesis has not been thoroughly achieved. Objective The ability to analyze genome-wide gene expression through transcriptomics has shown that the genome responds dynamically to diverse stimuli. Here, we describe the transcriptome of human vascular smooth muscle cells (hVSMC) stimulated by native and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (nLDL and oxLDL respectively), with the aim of assessing the early molecular changes that induce a response in this cell type resulting in a transcriptomic transformation. This expression has been demonstrated in atherosclerotic plaques in vivo and in vitro, particularly in the light of the oxidative modification hypothesis of atherosclerosis. Approach and Results Total RNA was isolated with TRIzol reagent (Life Technologies) and quality estimated using an Agilent 2100 bioanalyzer. The transcriptome of hVSMC under different experimental conditions (1,5 and 24 hours for nLDL and oxLDL) was obtained using the GeneChip Human Gene 1.0 ST (Affymetrix) designed to measure gene expression of 28,869 well-annotated genes. A fixed fold-change cut-off corresponding to ± 2 was used to identify genes exhibiting the most significant variation and statistical significance (P< 0.05), and 8 genes validated by qPCR using Taqman probes. Conclusions 10 molecular processes were significantly affected in hVSMC: Apoptosis and cell cycle, extracellular matrix remodeling, DNA repair, cholesterol efflux, cGMP biosynthesis, endocytic mechanisms, calcium homeostasis, redox balance, membrane trafficking and finally, the immune response to inflammation. The evidence we present supporting the hypothesis for the involvement of oxidative modification of several processes and metabolic pathways in atherosclerosis is strengthen by the fact that gene expression patterns obtained when hVSMC are incubated for a long period of time in the presence of nLDL, correspond very much the same as when cells are incubated for a short period of time in the presence of chemically modified oxLDL. Our results indicate that under physiological conditions and directly related to specific environmental conditions, LDL particles most probably suffer chemical modifications that initially serve as an alert signal to overcome a harmful stimulus that with time might get transformed to a pathological pattern and therefore consolidate a pathological condition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paola Toledo-Ibelles
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México
| | | | | | | | | | - Blanca Delgado–Coello
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México
| | - Jaime Mas-Oliva
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México
- * E-mail: (JPRG); (JMO)
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Measuring inputs to a common function: The case of Dlx5 and Dlx6. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 478:371-377. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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Proudfoot A, Axelrod HL, Geralt M, Fletterick RJ, Yumoto F, Deacon AM, Elsliger MA, Wilson IA, Wüthrich K, Serrano P. Dlx5 Homeodomain:DNA Complex: Structure, Binding and Effect of Mutations Related to Split Hand and Foot Malformation Syndrome. J Mol Biol 2016; 428:1130-1141. [PMID: 26829219 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2016.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The Dlx5 homeodomain is a transcription factor related to the Drosophila distal-less gene that is associated with breast and lung cancer, lymphoma, Rett syndrome and osteoporosis in humans. Mutations in the DLX5 gene have been linked to deficiencies in craniofacial and limb development in higher eukaryotes, including split hand and foot malformation 1 in humans. Our characterization of a Dlx5 homeodomain:(CGACTAATTAGTCG)2 complex by NMR spectroscopy paved the way for determination of its crystal structure at 1.85Å resolution that enabled rationalization of the effects of disease-related mutations on the protein function. A Q186H mutation linked to split hand and foot malformation 1 likely affects affinity of DNA binding by disrupting water-mediated interactions with the DNA major groove. A more subtle effect is implicated for the Q178P mutation, which is not in direct contact with the DNA. Our data indicate that these mutations diminish the ability of the Dlx5 homeodomain to recognize and bind target DNAs, and they likely destabilize the formation of functional complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Proudfoot
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Herbert L Axelrod
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Michael Geralt
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Robert J Fletterick
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, 600 16th Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Fumiaki Yumoto
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, 600 16th Street, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Ashley M Deacon
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Marc-André Elsliger
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ian A Wilson
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kurt Wüthrich
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, ETH Zürich, CH 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Serrano
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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21
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Li J, Li P, Zhao W, Yang R, Chen S, Bai Y, Dun S, Chen X, Du Y, Wang Y, Zang W, Zhao G, Zhang G. Expression of long non-coding RNA DLX6-AS1 in lung adenocarcinoma. Cancer Cell Int 2015; 15:48. [PMID: 26052251 PMCID: PMC4458341 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-015-0201-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lung adenocarcinoma (LAC), the primary histological type of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), has displayed an increasing incidence and mortality worldwide. However, therapeutic approaches were limited. Dysregulation of some lncRNAs has been shown in various types of cancers including LAC. The aim of the present study was to vertify lncRNA DLX6-AS1 expression in LAC. Methods Microarray assay revealed expression profile of lncRNAs in LAC. qRT-PCR ( quantitative reverse transcription PCR) was performed to identify lncRNA DLX6-AS1 expression level in 72 paired LAC and adjacent normal lung tissues. qRT-PCR and Western blotting were used to verify that down-regulation lncRNA DLX6-AS1 decreased DLX6 (distal-less homeobox 6) mRNA and protein expression. Results Microarray analysis identified up-regulation of 272 lncRNAs and down-regulation of 635 lncRNAs in LAC tissues. The expression level of lncRNA DLX6-AS1 in LAC tissues was significantly higher compared to paired adjacent normal lung tissues (P< 0.05). In addition, its expression level was closed correlated with both histological differentiation (P = 0.004) and TNM stage (P = 0.033). qRT-PCR and Western blotting analysis showed that DLX6 mRNA and protein levels were lower in si-LncRNA group than in the NC (negative control) and Blank groups. Conclusions Microarray analysis identified that lncRNA DLX6-AS1 was up-regulated in LAC tissues. High DLX6-AS1 expression levels were significantly associated with both histological differentiation and TNM stage. Down-regulation of lncRNA DLX6-AS1 expression decreased the DLX6 mRNA and protein levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan China
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan China
| | - Yong Bai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan China
| | - Shaozhi Dun
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan China
| | - Xiaonan Chen
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan China
| | - Yuwen Du
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan China
| | - Wenqiao Zang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan China
| | - Guoqiang Zhao
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan China
| | - Guojun Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan China
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Tan Y, Sementino E, Pei J, Kadariya Y, Ito TK, Testa JR. Co-targeting of Akt and Myc inhibits viability of lymphoma cells from Lck-Dlx5 mice. Cancer Biol Ther 2015; 16:580-8. [PMID: 25793663 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2015.1018495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Constitutive activation of AKT is a frequent occurrence in the development of human T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemia/lymphomas (T-ALLs), due largely to inactivation of PTEN. Up regulation of MYC is also commonly observed in human T-ALLs. We previously demonstrated that expression of a constitutively active form of Lck-Akt2 alone is sufficient to initiate T-cell lymphoma in mice, and that tumor formation typically requires up regulation of Myc or Dlx5 caused by specific chromosomal rearrangements. Furthermore, Lck-Dlx5 mice develop T-ALLs that consistently acquire overexpression of Myc and activation of Akt, the latter due to loss of Pten expression. Proliferation of T-ALL cells from Lck-Dlx5 mice was found to be highly sensitive to the Akt pathway inhibitors BEZ235 and RAD001, as well as to JQ1, an inhibitor of bromodomain proteins, one of which (BRD4) regulates Myc transcription. Additionally, low concentrations of BEZ235 were found to cooperate with JQ1 to enhance cell cycle arrest. Higher concentrations of BEZ235 (≥0.5 µM) promoted cell death, although the addition of JQ1 did not result in a further increase in apoptosis. In contrast, the specific Myc inhibitor 10058-F4 caused apoptosis, and when combined with BEZ235 (≥0.5 µM), an enhanced effect on apoptosis was consistently observed. In addition, BEZ235 and RAD001 potentiated vincristine-induced apoptosis when the cells were treated with both drugs simultaneously, whereas pretreatment with BEZ235 antagonized the cell-killing effect of vincristine. Collectively, these experimental findings provide rationale for the design of novel combination therapies for T-ALL that includes targeting of AKT and MYC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinfei Tan
- a Cancer Biology Program; Fox Chase Cancer Center ; Philadelphia , PA USA
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23
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Ko SY, Naora H. Adaptation of ovarian cancer cells to the peritoneal environment: Multiple mechanisms of the developmental patterning gene HOXA9. CANCER CELL & MICROENVIRONMENT 2014; 1:e379. [PMID: 26000332 PMCID: PMC4437227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The lethality of ovarian cancer stems from its propensity to involve the peritoneal cavity. However, the mechanisms that enable ovarian cancer cells to readily adapt to the peritoneal environment are not well understood. Here, we describe our recent studies in which we identified the mechanisms by which the transcription factor encoded by the patterning gene HOXA9 promotes the aggressive behavior of ovarian cancer. Firstly, we identified that HOXA9 promotes ovarian tumor growth and angiogenesis by activating the gene encoding transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2), which in turn stimulates peritoneal fibroblasts and mesenchymal stem cells to acquire features of cancer-associated fibroblasts. Secondly, by inducing TGF-β2 and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2, HOXA9 stimulates peritoneal macrophages to acquire an immunosuppressive phenotype. Thirdly, HOXA9 stimulates attachment of ovarian cancer cells to peritoneal mesothelial cells by inducing expression of P-cadherin. By inducing P-cadherin, HOXA9 also enables floating cancer cells in the peritoneal cavity to form aggregates and escape anoikis. Together, our studies demonstrate that HOXA9 enables ovarian cancer cells to adapt to the peritoneal environment and 'educates' different types of stromal cells to become permissive for tumor growth. Our studies provide new insights into the regulation of tumor-stroma interactions in ovarian cancer and implicate several key effector molecules as candidate therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Yi Ko
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Honami Naora
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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24
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Yin LG, Zou ZQ, Zhao HY, Zhang CL, Shen JG, Qi L, Qi M, Xue ZQ. Analysis of tissue-specific differentially methylated genes with differential gene expression in non-small cell lung cancers. Mol Biol 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893314050185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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25
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Torresan C, Oliveira MMC, Pereira SRF, Ribeiro EMSF, Marian C, Gusev Y, Lima RS, Urban CA, Berg PE, Haddad BR, Cavalli IJ, Cavalli LR. Increased copy number of the DLX4 homeobox gene in breast axillary lymph node metastasis. Cancer Genet 2014; 207:177-87. [PMID: 24947980 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
DLX4 is a homeobox gene strongly implicated in breast tumor progression and invasion. Our main objective was to determine the DLX4 copy number status in sentinel lymph node (SLN) metastasis to assess its involvement in the initial stages of the axillary metastatic process. A total of 37 paired samples of SLN metastasis and primary breast tumors (PBT) were evaluated by fluorescence in situ hybridization, quantitative polymerase chain reaction and array comparative genomic hybridization assays. DLX4 increased copy number was observed in 21.6% of the PBT and 24.3% of the SLN metastasis; regression analysis demonstrated that the DLX4 alterations observed in the SLN metastasis were dependent on the ones in the PBT, indicating that they occur in the primary tumor cell populations and are maintained in the early axillary metastatic site. In addition, regression analysis demonstrated that DLX4 alterations (and other DLX and HOXB family members) occurred independently of the ones in the HER2/NEU gene, the main amplification driver on the 17q region. Additional studies evaluating DLX4 copy number in non-SLN axillary lymph nodes and/or distant breast cancer metastasis are necessary to determine if these alterations are carried on and maintained during more advanced stages of tumor progression and if could be used as a predictive marker for axillary involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Torresan
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Silma R F Pereira
- Department of Biology, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luis, MA, Brazil
| | | | - Catalin Marian
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Yuriy Gusev
- Innovation Center for Biomedical Informatics, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Rubens S Lima
- Breast Unit, Hospital Nossa Senhora das Graças, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Cicero A Urban
- Breast Unit, Hospital Nossa Senhora das Graças, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Positivo University, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Patricia E Berg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Bassem R Haddad
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Iglenir J Cavalli
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Luciane R Cavalli
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.
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Wang X, Xin Q, Li L, Li J, Zhang C, Qiu R, Qian C, Zhao H, Liu Y, Shan S, Dang J, Bian X, Shao C, Gong Y, Liu Q. Exome sequencing reveals a heterozygous DLX5 mutation in a Chinese family with autosomal-dominant split-hand/foot malformation. Eur J Hum Genet 2014; 22:1105-10. [PMID: 24496061 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2014.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Split-hand/foot malformation (SHFM) is a congenital limb deformity due to the absence or dysplasia of central rays of the autopod. Six SHFM loci have already been identified. Here we describe a Chinese family with autosomal-dominant SHFM1 that has previously been mapped to 7q21.2-21.3. The two affected family members, mother and son, showed deep median clefts between toes, ectrodactyly and syndactyly; the mother also showed triphalangeal thumbs. Exome sequencing and variant screening of candidate genes in the six loci known to be responsible for SHFM revealed a novel heterozygous mutation, c.558G>T (p.(Gln186His)), in distal-less homeobox 5 (DLX5). As DLX5 encodes a transcription factor capable of transactivating MYC, we also tested whether the mutation could affect DLX5 transcription acitivity. Results from luciferase reporter assay revealed that a mutation in DLX5 compromised its transcriptional activity. This is the first report of a mutation in DLX5 leading to autosomal-dominant SHFM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Medical Genetics, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Qian Xin
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Medical Genetics, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Medical Genetics, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Jiangxia Li
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Medical Genetics, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Changwu Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Cangshan People's Hospital, Cangshan, China
| | - Rongfang Qiu
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Medical Genetics, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Chenmin Qian
- Department of Biochemistry, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hailing Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Medical Genetics, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yongchao Liu
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Medical Genetics, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Shan Shan
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Medical Genetics, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Dang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Medical Genetics, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xianli Bian
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Medical Genetics, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Changshun Shao
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Medical Genetics, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yaoqin Gong
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Medical Genetics, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Qiji Liu
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Medical Genetics, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
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Abstract
Homeobox genes comprise a super-family of evolutionarily conserved genes that play essential roles in controlling body plan specification and cell fate determination. Substantial evidence indicates that leukemogenesis is driven by abnormal expression of homeobox genes that control hematopoiesis. In solid tumors, aberrant expression of homeobox genes has been increasingly found to modulate diverse processes such as cell proliferation, cell death, metastasis, angiogenesis and DNA repair. This review discusses how homeobox genes are deregulated in solid tumors and the functional significance of this deregulation in the hallmarks of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhwani Haria
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, U.S.A
| | - Honami Naora
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, U.S.A
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28
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Zeller C, Dai W, Curry E, Siddiq A, Walley A, Masrour N, Kitsou-Mylona I, Anderson G, Ghaem-Maghami S, Brown R, El-Bahrawy M. The DNA methylomes of serous borderline tumors reveal subgroups with malignant- or benign-like profiles. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2013; 182:668-77. [PMID: 23357500 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Revised: 11/04/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Serous borderline tumors (SBOTs) are a challenging group of ovarian tumors positioned between benign and malignant disease. We have profiled the DNA methylomes of 12 low-grade serous carcinomas (LGSCs), 19 SBOTs, and 16 benign serous tumors (BSTs) across 27,578 CpG sites to further characterize the epigenomic relationship between these subtypes of ovarian tumors. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of DNA methylation levels showed that LGSCs differ distinctly from BSTs, but not from SBOTs. Gene ontology analysis of genes showing differential methylation at linked CpG sites between LGSCs and BSTs revealed significant enrichment of gene groups associated with cell adhesion, cell-cell signaling, and the extracellular region, consistent with a more invasive phenotype of LGSCs compared with BSTs. Consensus clustering highlighted differences between SBOT methylomes and returned subgroups with malignant- or benign-like methylation profiles. Furthermore, a two-loci DNA methylation signature can distinguish between these SBOT subgroups with benign- and malignant-like methylation characteristics. Our findings indicate striking similarities between SBOT and LGSC methylomes, supporting a common origin and the view that LGSC may arise from SBOT. A subgroup of SBOTs can be classified into tumors with a benign- or a malignant-like methylation profile that may help in identifying tumors more likely to progress into LGSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanze Zeller
- Epigenetics Unit, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, United Kingdom
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29
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Abstract
Despite its complexity in the adult, during development the inner ear arises from a simple epithelium, the otic placode. Placode specification is a multistep process that involves the integration of various signalling pathways and downstream transcription factors in time and space. Here we review the molecular events that successively commit multipotent ectodermal precursors to the otic lineage. The first step in this hierarchy is the specification of sensory progenitor cells, which can contribute to all sensory placodes, followed by the induction of a common otic-epibranchial field and finally the establishment the otic territory. In recent years, some of the molecular components that control this process have been identified, and begin to reveal complex interactions. Future studies will need to unravel how this information is integrated and encoded in the genome. This will form the blueprint for stem cell differentiation towards otic fates and generate a predictive gene regulatory network that models the earliest steps of otic specification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchen Chen
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, King's College London, Guy's Tower Wing, Floor 27, London SE1 9RT, UK
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30
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Lee EJ, Lee HJ, Kamli MR, Pokharel S, Bhat AR, Lee YH, Choi BH, Chun T, Kang SW, Lee YS, Kim JW, Schnabel RD, Taylor JF, Choi I. Depot-specific gene expression profiles during differentiation and transdifferentiation of bovine muscle satellite cells, and differentiation of preadipocytes. Genomics 2012; 100:195-202. [PMID: 22728265 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2012.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Revised: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We report a systematic study of gene expression during myogenesis and transdifferentiation in four bovine muscle tissues and of adipogenesis in three bovine fat tissues using DNA microarray analysis. One hundred hybridizations were performed and 7245 genes of known and unknown function were identified as being differentially expressed. Supervised hierarchical cluster analysis of gene expression patterns revealed the tissue specificity of genes. A close relationship in global gene expression observed for adipocyte-like cells derived from muscle and adipocytes derived from intramuscular fat suggests a common origin for these cells. The role of transthyretin in myogenesis is a novel finding. Different genes were highly induced during the transdifferentiation of myogenic satellite cells and in the adipogenesis of preadipocytes, indicating the involvement of different molecular mechanisms in these processes. Induction of CD36 and FABP4 expression in adipocyte-like cells and adipocytes may share a common pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ju Lee
- School of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
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31
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Lee SY, Jeon HM, Kim CH, Ju MK, Bae HS, Park HG, Lim SC, Han SI, Kang HS. Homeobox gene Dlx-2 is implicated in metabolic stress-induced necrosis. Mol Cancer 2011; 10:113. [PMID: 21917150 PMCID: PMC3181206 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-10-113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2011] [Accepted: 09/14/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In contrast to tumor-suppressive apoptosis and autophagic cell death, necrosis promotes tumor progression by releasing the pro-inflammatory and tumor-promoting cytokine high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), and its presence in tumor patients is associated with poor prognosis. Thus, necrosis has important clinical implications in tumor development; however, its molecular mechanism remains poorly understood. RESULTS In the present study, we show that Distal-less 2 (Dlx-2), a homeobox gene of the Dlx family that is involved in embryonic development, is induced in cancer cell lines dependently of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in response to glucose deprivation (GD), one of the metabolic stresses occurring in solid tumors. Increased Dlx-2 expression was also detected in the inner regions, which experience metabolic stress, of human tumors and of a multicellular tumor spheroid, an in vitro model of solid tumors. Dlx-2 short hairpin RNA (shRNA) inhibited metabolic stress-induced increase in propidium iodide-positive cell population and HMGB1 and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, indicating the important role(s) of Dlx-2 in metabolic stress-induced necrosis. Dlx-2 shRNA appeared to exert its anti-necrotic effects by preventing metabolic stress-induced increases in mitochondrial ROS, which are responsible for triggering necrosis. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that Dlx-2 may be involved in tumor progression via the regulation of metabolic stress-induced necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Yeon Lee
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Pusan 609-735, Korea
| | - Hyun Min Jeon
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Pusan 609-735, Korea
| | - Cho Hee Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Pusan 609-735, Korea
- DNA Identification Center, National Forensic Service, Seoul 158-707, Korea
| | - Min Kyung Ju
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Pusan 609-735, Korea
| | - Hye Sun Bae
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Pusan 609-735, Korea
| | - Hye Gyeong Park
- Nanobiotechnology Center, Pusan National University, Pusan 609-735, Korea
| | - Sung-Chul Lim
- Research Center for Resistant Cells, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Korea
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Korea
| | - Song Iy Han
- Research Center for Resistant Cells, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 501-759, Korea
| | - Ho Sung Kang
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Pusan 609-735, Korea
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Timakhov R, Fedichev P, Vinnik A, Testa J, Favorova O. Transcription Factor DLX5 As a New Target for Promising Antitumor Agents. Acta Naturae 2011; 3:47-51. [PMID: 22649693 PMCID: PMC3347611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The crystal structure of the human transcription factor DLX5 has been used for the screening of a library consisting of 10(6 )compounds by the molecular docking technique.In vitro testsof the 14 top-rated ligands showed that compound Q12 displays the best ability to inhibit the proliferation ofDlx5 positive mouse lymphoma cells, which correlates with the down-regulation ofc-mycexpression. Compound Q12 has low toxicity on normal human ovarian epithelial cells and mouse lymphoma cells with absent expression ofDlx5, and can be used for further chemical optimization and for the development of novel, highly efficient cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- R.A. Timakhov
- Quantum Pharmaceuticals, Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University
- Fox Chase Cancer Centre, Philadelphia, USA
| | | | | | - J.R. Testa
- Fox Chase Cancer Centre, Philadelphia, USA
| | - O.O. Favorova
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University
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Altomare DA, Zhang L, Deng J, Di Cristofano A, Klein-Szanto AJ, Kumar R, Testa JR. GSK690693 delays tumor onset and progression in genetically defined mouse models expressing activated Akt. Clin Cancer Res 2010; 16:486-96. [PMID: 20075391 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-09-1026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Akt plays a central role in regulating tumor cell survival and cell cycle progression and is regarded as a promising therapeutic target. We used genetically defined mouse models that develop spontaneous tumors exhibiting activated Akt to determine if Akt inhibition by GSK690693 is effective in the treatment of cancer. The broad long-term objective of this project was to use preclinical cancer models with precisely defined genetic lesions to elucidate the efficacy of targeting Akt with GSK690693. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We tested the in vivo effects of GSK690693 in Lck-MyrAkt2 transgenic mice that develop lymphomas, heterozygous Pten(+/-) knockout mice that exhibit endometrial tumors, and TgMISIIR-TAg-DR26 mice that develop ovarian carcinomas, all of which exhibit hyperactivation of Akt. In addition to standard disease onset and histology, tumors arising in treated animals were examined by immunohistochemistry to verify downregulated Akt signaling relative to placebo-treated mice. When possible, drug response was evaluated in tumor cell cultures by standard proliferation and apoptosis assays and by immunoblotting with various phosphospecific antibodies. RESULTS GSK690693 exhibited efficacy irrespective of the mechanism of Akt activation involved. Interestingly, GSK690693 was most effective in delaying tumor progression in Lck-MyrAkt2 mice expressing a membrane-bound, constitutively active form of Akt. Both tumors and primary cell cultures displayed downregulation of the Akt pathway, increased apoptosis, and primarily decreased cell proliferation. CONCLUSION These results suggest that GSK690693 or other Akt inhibitors might have therapeutic efficacy in human cancers with hyperactivated Akt and/or a dependence on Akt signaling for tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah A Altomare
- Women's Cancer, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19111, USA
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