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Surendran H, Palaniyandi T, Natarajan S, Hari R, Viwanathan S, Baskar G, Abdul Wahab MR, Ravi M, Rajendran BK. Role of homeobox d10 gene targeted signaling pathways in cancers. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 248:154643. [PMID: 37406379 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Homeobox D10 (HOXD10) is a transcription factor from the homeobox gene family that controls cell differentiation and morphogenesis throughout development.Due to their functional interaction, changes in HOXD10 gene expression might induce tumors. This narrative review focuses on how and why the dysregulation in the signaling pathways linked with HOXD10 contributes to the metastatic development of cancer. Organ development and tissue homeostasis need highly conserved homeotic transcription factors from homeobox (HOX) genes. Their dysregulation disrupts regulatory molecule action, causing tumors. The HOXD10 gene is upregulated in breast, gastric, hepatocellular, colorectal, bladder, cholangiocellular carcinoma and prostate cancer. Tumor signaling pathways are affected by HOXD10 gene expression changes. This study examines HOXD10-associated signaling pathway dysregulation, which may alter metastatic cancer signaling. In addition, the theoretical foundations that alter HOXD10-mediated therapeutic resistance in malignancies has been presented. New cancer therapy methods will be simpler to develop with the newly discovered knowledge. This review showed that HOXD10 may be a tumor suppressor gene and a new cancer treatment target signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemapreethi Surendran
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. M.G.R Educational and Research Institute, Deemed to be University, Chennai 600095 Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thirunavukkarasu Palaniyandi
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. M.G.R Educational and Research Institute, Deemed to be University, Chennai 600095 Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Anatomy, Biomedical Research Unit and Laboratory Animal Centre, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, SIMATS, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - Sudhakar Natarajan
- Department of Virology and Biotechnology, ICMR - National institute for Research in Tuberculosis (NIRT), Chetpet, Chennai 600031 Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajeswary Hari
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. M.G.R Educational and Research Institute, Deemed to be University, Chennai 600095 Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sandhiya Viwanathan
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. M.G.R Educational and Research Institute, Deemed to be University, Chennai 600095 Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Gomathy Baskar
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. M.G.R Educational and Research Institute, Deemed to be University, Chennai 600095 Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mugip Rahaman Abdul Wahab
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. M.G.R Educational and Research Institute, Deemed to be University, Chennai 600095 Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Maddaly Ravi
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai 600116 Tamil Nadu, India
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Basso MF, Costa JA, Ribeiro TP, Arraes FBM, Lourenço-Tessutti IT, Macedo AF, Neves MRD, Nardeli SM, Arge LW, Perez CEA, Silva PLR, de Macedo LLP, Lisei-de-Sa ME, Santos Amorim RM, Pinto ERDC, Silva MCM, Morgante CV, Floh EIS, Alves-Ferreira M, Grossi-de-Sa MF. Overexpression of the CaHB12 transcription factor in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) improves drought tolerance. Plant Physiol Biochem 2021; 165:80-93. [PMID: 34034163 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Coffea arabica HB12 gene (CaHB12), which encodes a transcription factor belonging to the HD-Zip I subfamily, is upregulated under drought, and its constitutive overexpression (35S:CaHB12OX) improves the Arabidopsis thaliana tolerance to drought and salinity stresses. Herein, we generated transgenic cotton events constitutively overexpressing the CaHB12 gene, characterized these events based on their increased tolerance to water deficit, and exploited the gene expression level from the CaHB12 network. The segregating events Ev8.29.1, Ev8.90.1, and Ev23.36.1 showed higher photosynthetic yield and higher water use efficiency under severe water deficit and permanent wilting point conditions compared to wild-type plants. Under well-irrigated conditions, these three promising transformed events showed an equivalent level of Abscisic acid (ABA) and decreased Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) accumulation, and a higher putrescine/(spermidine + spermine) ratio in leaf tissues was found in the progenies of at least two transgenic cotton events compared to non-transgenic plants. In addition, genes that are considered as modulated in the A. thaliana 35S:CaHB12OX line were also shown to be modulated in several transgenic cotton events maintained under field capacity conditions. The upregulation of GhPP2C and GhSnRK2 in transgenic cotton events maintained under permanent wilting point conditions suggested that CaHB12 might act enhancing the ABA-dependent pathway. All these data confirmed that CaHB12 overexpression improved the tolerance to water deficit, and the transcriptional modulation of genes related to the ABA signaling pathway or downstream genes might enhance the defense responses to drought. The observed decrease in IAA levels indicates that CaHB12 overexpression can prevent leaf abscission in plants under or after stress. Thus, our findings provide new insights on CaHB12 gene and identify several promising cotton events for conducting field trials on water deficit tolerance and agronomic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Fernando Basso
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, DF, 70297-400, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT PlantStress Biotech, EMBRAPA, Brasília, DF, 70297-400, Brazil
| | - Julia Almeida Costa
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, DF, 70297-400, Brazil; Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, 71966-700, Brazil
| | - Thuanne Pires Ribeiro
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, DF, 70297-400, Brazil; Federal University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Fabricio Barbosa Monteiro Arraes
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, DF, 70297-400, Brazil; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, 90040-060, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Luis Willian Arge
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-901, Brazil
| | | | - Paolo Lucas Rodrigues Silva
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, DF, 70297-400, Brazil; Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, 71966-700, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Eugênia Lisei-de-Sa
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, DF, 70297-400, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT PlantStress Biotech, EMBRAPA, Brasília, DF, 70297-400, Brazil; EPAMIG, Uberaba, MG, 31170-495, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maria Cristina Mattar Silva
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, DF, 70297-400, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT PlantStress Biotech, EMBRAPA, Brasília, DF, 70297-400, Brazil
| | - Carolina Vianna Morgante
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, DF, 70297-400, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT PlantStress Biotech, EMBRAPA, Brasília, DF, 70297-400, Brazil; Embrapa Semi-Arid, Petrolina, PE, 56302-970, Brazil
| | | | - Marcio Alves-Ferreira
- National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT PlantStress Biotech, EMBRAPA, Brasília, DF, 70297-400, Brazil; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-901, Brazil
| | - Maria Fatima Grossi-de-Sa
- Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brasília, DF, 70297-400, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT PlantStress Biotech, EMBRAPA, Brasília, DF, 70297-400, Brazil; Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, 71966-700, Brazil.
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Landua JD, Moraes R, Carpenter EM, Lewis MT. Hoxd10 Is Required Systemically for Secretory Activation in Lactation and Interacts Genetically with Hoxd9. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2020; 25:145-162. [PMID: 32705545 PMCID: PMC7392944 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-020-09454-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted disruption of the murine Hoxd10 gene (ΔHoxd10) leads to a high frequency of localized (gland-to-gland or regionally within a gland) lactation impairment in homozygous mutant mice as a single gene mutation. The effect of Hoxd10 disruption was enhanced by simultaneous disruption of Hoxd9 (ΔHoxd9/d10), a mutation shown previously to have no effect on mammary function as a single gene alteration. Mammary glands of homozygous ΔHoxd10 and ΔHoxd9/d10 females were indistinguishable from those of wild type littermate and age-matched control mice in late pregnancy. However, in lactation, 47% of homozygous ΔHoxd10 females, and 100% of homozygous ΔHoxd9/d10 females, showed localized or complete failure of two or more glands to undergo lactation-associated morphological changes and to secrete milk. Affected regions of ΔHoxd10 and ΔHoxd9/d10 mutants showed reduced prolactin receptor expression, reduced signal transducer and activator transcription protein 5 (STAT5) phosphorylation, reduced expression of downstream milk proteins, mislocalized glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), increased STAT3 expression and phosphorylation, recruitment of leukocytes, altered cell cycle status, and increased apoptosis relative to unaffected regions and wild type control glands. Despite these local effects on alveolar function, transplantation results and hormone analysis indicate that Hoxd10 primarily has systemic functions that confer attenuated STAT5 phosphorylation on both wild type and ΔHoxd10 transplants when placed in ΔHoxd10 hosts, thereby exacerbating an underlying propensity for lactation failure in C57Bl/6 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D Landua
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Dan L Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Room N1210; BCM600, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ricardo Moraes
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Texas Children's Feigin Center, Baylor College of Medicine, 1102 Bates Avenue, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ellen M Carpenter
- Division of Undergraduate Education, National Science Foundation, 2415 Eisenhower Avenue, Alexandria, VA, 22314, USA
| | - Michael T Lewis
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Dan L Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Room N1210; BCM600, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Ito T, Sakai A, Maruyama M, Miyagawa Y, Okada T, Fukayama H, Suzuki H. Dorsal Root Ganglia Homeobox downregulation in primary sensory neurons contributes to neuropathic pain in rats. Mol Pain 2020; 16:1744806920904462. [PMID: 32000573 PMCID: PMC7099666 DOI: 10.1177/1744806920904462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional changes in primary sensory neurons are involved in initiation and maintenance of neuropathic pain. However, the transcription factors in primary sensory neurons responsible for neuropathic pain are not fully understood. Dorsal Root Ganglia Homeobox (DRGX) is a paired-like homeodomain transcription factor necessary for the development of nociceptive primary sensory neurons during the early postnatal period. However, roles for DRGX after development are largely unknown. Here, we report that DRGX downregulation in primary sensory neurons as a result of post-developmental nerve injury contributes to neuropathic pain in rats. DRGX expression was decreased in nuclei of small and medium primary sensory neurons after spinal nerve ligation. DRGX downregulation by transduction of a short hairpin RNA with an adeno-associated viral vector induced mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia. In contrast, DRGX overexpression in primary sensory neurons suppressed neuropathic pain. DRGX regulated matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and prostaglandin E receptor 2 mRNA expression in the DRG. MMP-9 inhibitor attenuated DRGX downregulation-induced pain. These results suggest that DRGX downregulation after development contributes to neuropathic pain through transcriptional modulation of pain-related genes in primary sensory neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaya Ito
- Anesthesiology and Clinical Physiology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pharmacology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sakai
- Department of Pharmacology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motoyo Maruyama
- Department of Pharmacology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Laboratory Animal Science, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Miyagawa
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Okada
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruhisa Fukayama
- Anesthesiology and Clinical Physiology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidenori Suzuki
- Department of Pharmacology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
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Paul S, Zhang X, He JQ. Homeobox gene Meis1 modulates cardiovascular regeneration. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 100:52-61. [PMID: 31623926 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Regeneration of cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells (three major lineages of cardiac tissues) following myocardial infarction is the critical step to recover the function of the damaged heart. Myeloid ecotropic viral integration site 1 (Meis1) was first discovered in leukemic mice in 1995 and its biological function has been extensively studied in leukemia, hematopoiesis, the embryonic pattering of body axis, eye development and various genetic diseases, such as restless leg syndrome. It was found that Meis1 is highly associated with Hox genes and their cofactors to exert its regulatory effects on multiple intracellular signaling pathways. Recently with the advent of bioinformatics, biochemical methods and advanced genetic engineering tools, new function of Meis1 has been found to be involved in the cell cycle regulation of cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells. For example, inhibition of Meis1 expression increases the proliferative capacity of neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes, whereas overexpression of Meis1 results in the reduction in the length of cardiomyocyte proliferative window. Interestingly, downregulation of one of the circular RNAs, which acts downstream of Meis1 in the cardiomyocytes, promotes angiogenesis and restores the myocardial blood supply, thus reinforcing better regeneration of the damaged heart. It appears that Meis1 may play double roles in modulating proliferation and regeneration of cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells post-myocardial infarction. In this review, we propose to summarize the major findings of Meis1 in modulating fetal development and adult abnormalities, especially focusing on the recent discoveries of Meis1 in controlling the fate of cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swagatika Paul
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Xiaonan Zhang
- Beijing Yulong Shengshi Biotechnology, Haidian District, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Jia-Qiang He
- Department of Biomedical Sciences & Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
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Li L, Wang Y, Song G, Zhang X, Gao S, Liu H. HOX cluster-embedded antisense long non-coding RNAs in lung cancer. Cancer Lett 2019; 450:14-21. [PMID: 30807784 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Homeobox (HOX) genes play vital roles in embryonic development and oncogenesis. In humans, there are 39 HOX genes found in four clusters that are located on different chromosomes. The HOX clusters also contain numerous non-protein-coding RNAs, including some lncRNAs. The HOX cluster-embedded lncRNAs (HOX-lncRNAs), most notably, HOTTIP and HOTAIR play a major role in the regulation of their adjacent coding genes. Recently, most HOX-lncRNAs have been shown to impact tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Several HOX-lncRNAs, including HOTTIP, HOXA11-AS, HOTAIRM1, HOXA-AS3, HOXA10-AS, HOTAIR, and HAGLR, are dysregulated in lung cancer. Moreover, their expression levels are correlated with the clinical features of this disease. These HOX-lncRNAs regulate the proliferation, invasion, migration, and chemo-resistance of lung cancer cells through various molecular mechanisms. Although lncRNAs have received much attention lately, the functions of some HOX-lncRNAs in the development of cancer are unclear. Thus, HOX-embedded lncRNAs should be widely investigated in cancer. Here, we review the functions of HOX-lncRNAs in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianlian Li
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250062, China.
| | - Yong Wang
- Shandong Xinchuang Biotechnology Co., LTD, Jinan, 250102, China
| | | | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250062, China
| | - Shan Gao
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250062, China
| | - Hongyan Liu
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250062, China.
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Fonseca-Alves CE, Kobayashi PE, Laufer-Amorim R. Evaluation of NKX3.1 and C-MYC expression in canine prostatic cancer. Res Vet Sci 2018; 118:365-370. [PMID: 29665565 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
NKX3.1/C-MYC cross-regulation has been reported in the normal human prostate, and loss of NKX3.1 and gain of C-MYC seem to be important events in prostate cancer development and progression. The dog can be an interesting model for human prostatic disease, and yet only one previous research study has shown deregulation of NKX3.1 and MYC in the canine prostate. To address the expression of NKX3.1 and C-MYC in different canine prostatic lesions, this study verified the gene and protein expression of NKX3.1 and C-MYC in normal canine prostatic tissues. We identified a 26 kDa band that corresponded to the NKX3.1 protein, while C-MYC showed a 50 kDa band on Western blotting analysis of all prostatic tissues. We observed that NKX3.1 protein and transcript were down-regulated in prostate cancer (PC) samples compared with non-neoplastic samples. We also observed that C-MYC protein was overexpressed in PC samples compared with normal (P = .001) and proliferative inflammatory atrophy (PIA) samples (P = .003). We found a positive correlation between NKX3.1 and C-MYC protein expression in normal and PIA samples. Interestingly, a negative correlation (NKX3.1 downregulation and MYC overexpression) was observed between NKX3.1 and MYC transcripts in PC. Thus, samples with higher C-MYC expression also exhibited higher NKX3.1 expression, which indicates the regulation of C-MYC by NKX3.1 protein. As in humans, these two genes and proteins were found to be related to canine prostate cancer. However, in contrast from what is observed in humans, in canine PC samples, the downregulation of NKX3.1 cannot be explained by DNA hypermethylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Eduardo Fonseca-Alves
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
| | - Priscila Emiko Kobayashi
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Renée Laufer-Amorim
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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Aykut B, Ochs M, Radhakrishnan P, Brill A, Höcker H, Schwarz S, Weissinger D, Kehm R, Kulu Y, Ulrich A, Schneider M. EMX2 gene expression predicts liver metastasis and survival in colorectal cancer. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:555. [PMID: 28830374 PMCID: PMC5568393 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3556-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Empty Spiracles Homeobox (EMX-) 2 gene has been associated with regulation of growth and differentiation in neuronal development. While recent studies provide evidence that EMX2 regulates tumorigenesis of various solid tumors, its role in colorectal cancer remains unknown. We aimed to assess the prognostic significance of EMX2 expression in stage III colorectal adenocarcinoma. METHODS Expression levels of EMX2 in human colorectal cancer and adjacent mucosa were assessed by qRT-PCR technology, and results were correlated with clinical and survival data. siRNA-mediated knockdown and adenoviral delivery-mediated overexpression of EMX2 were performed in order to investigate its effects on the migration of colorectal cancer cells in vitro. RESULTS Compared to corresponding healthy mucosa, colorectal tumor samples had decreased EMX2 expression levels. Furthermore, EMX2 down-regulation in colorectal cancer tissue was associated with distant metastasis (M1) and impaired overall patient survival. In vitro knockdown of EMX2 resulted in increased tumor cell migration. Conversely, overexpression of EMX2 led to an inhibition of tumor cell migration. CONCLUSIONS EMX2 is frequently down-regulated in human colorectal cancer, and down-regulation of EMX2 is a prognostic marker for disease-free and overall survival. EMX2 might thus represent a promising therapeutic target in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berk Aykut
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Ochs
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Praveen Radhakrishnan
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Adrian Brill
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hermine Höcker
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sandra Schwarz
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Weissinger
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Roland Kehm
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yakup Kulu
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexis Ulrich
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Schneider
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 110, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Jouhilahti EM, Madissoon E, Vesterlund L, Töhönen V, Krjutškov K, Plaza Reyes A, Petropoulos S, Månsson R, Linnarsson S, Bürglin T, Lanner F, Hovatta O, Katayama S, Kere J. The human PRD-like homeobox gene LEUTX has a central role in embryo genome activation. Development 2016; 143:3459-3469. [PMID: 27578796 PMCID: PMC5087614 DOI: 10.1242/dev.134510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Leucine twenty homeobox (LEUTX) is a paired (PRD)-like homeobox gene that is expressed almost exclusively in human embryos during preimplantation development. We previously identified a novel transcription start site for the predicted human LEUTX gene based on the transcriptional analysis of human preimplantation embryos. The novel variant encodes a protein with a complete homeodomain. Here, we provide a detailed description of the molecular cloning of the complete homeodomain-containing LEUTX Using a human embryonic stem cell overexpression model we show that the complete homeodomain isoform is functional and sufficient to activate the transcription of a large proportion of the genes that are upregulated in human embryo genome activation (EGA), whereas the previously predicted partial homeodomain isoform is largely inactive. Another PRD-like transcription factor, DPRX, is then upregulated as a powerful repressor of transcription. We propose a two-stage model of human EGA in which LEUTX acts as a transcriptional activator at the 4-cell stage, and DPRX as a balancing repressor at the 8-cell stage. We conclude that LEUTX is a candidate regulator of human EGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eeva-Mari Jouhilahti
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, Huddinge 141 83, Sweden
| | - Elo Madissoon
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, Huddinge 141 83, Sweden
| | - Liselotte Vesterlund
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, Huddinge 141 83, Sweden
| | - Virpi Töhönen
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, Huddinge 141 83, Sweden
| | - Kaarel Krjutškov
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, Huddinge 141 83, Sweden Competence Centre on Health Technologies, Tartu 50410, Estonia
| | - Alvaro Plaza Reyes
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm 141 86, Sweden
| | - Sophie Petropoulos
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm 141 86, Sweden
| | - Robert Månsson
- Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 14183, Sweden
| | - Sten Linnarsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 77, Sweden
| | - Thomas Bürglin
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel 4058, Switzerland
| | - Fredrik Lanner
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm 141 86, Sweden
| | - Outi Hovatta
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm 141 86, Sweden
| | - Shintaro Katayama
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, Huddinge 141 83, Sweden
| | - Juha Kere
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Novum, Huddinge 141 83, Sweden Science for Life Laboratory, Tomtebodavägen 23 A, Solna 171 21, Sweden Molecular Neurology Research Program, University of Helsinki and Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Biomedicum 1, Haartmaninkatu 8, Helsinki 00290, Finland
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Soret C, Martin E, Duluc I, Dantzer F, Vanier M, Gross I, Freund JN, Domon-Dell C. Distinct mechanisms for opposite functions of homeoproteins Cdx2 and HoxB7 in double-strand break DNA repair in colon cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2016; 374:208-15. [PMID: 26902420 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Homeobox genes, involved in embryonic development and tissues homeostasis in adults, are often deregulated in cancer, but their relevance in pathology is far from being fully elucidated. In colon cancers, we report that the homeoproteins HoxB7 and Cdx2 exhibit different heterogeneous patterns, Cdx2 being localized in moderately altered neoplasic glands in contrast to HoxB7 which predominates in poorly-differentiated areas; they are coexpressed in few cancer cells. In human colon cancer cells, both homeoproteins interact with the DNA repair factor KU70/80, but functional studies reveal opposite effects: HoxB7 stimulates DNA repair and cell survival upon etoposide treatment, whereas Cdx2 inhibits both processes. The stimulatory effect of HoxB7 on DNA repair requires the transactivation domain linked to the homeodomain involved in the interaction with KU70/80, whereas the transactivation domain of Cdx2 is dispensable for its inhibitory function, which instead needs the homeodomain to interact with KU70/80 and the C-terminal domain. Thus, HoxB7 and Cdx2 respectively use transcription-dependent and -independent mechanisms to stimulate and inhibit DNA repair. In addition, in cells co-expressing both homeoproteins, Cdx2 lessens DNA repair activity through a novel mechanism of inhibition of the transcriptional function of HoxB7, whereby Cdx2 forms a molecular complex with HoxB7 and prevents it to recognize its target in the chromatin. These results point out the complex interplay between the DSB DNA repair activity and the homeoproteins HoxB7 and Cdx2 in colon cancer cells, making the balance between these factors a determinant and a potential indicator of the efficacy of genotoxic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Soret
- INSERM UMR_S1113, 3 avenue Molière, 67200 Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Médecine, FMTS, 67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Elisabeth Martin
- INSERM UMR_S1113, 3 avenue Molière, 67200 Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Médecine, FMTS, 67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Isabelle Duluc
- INSERM UMR_S1113, 3 avenue Molière, 67200 Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Médecine, FMTS, 67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Françoise Dantzer
- Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Médecine, FMTS, 67081 Strasbourg, France; CNRS UMR7242, Institut de Recherche de l'Ecole de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, 67412 Illkirch, France
| | - Marie Vanier
- INSERM UMR_S1113, 3 avenue Molière, 67200 Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Médecine, FMTS, 67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Isabelle Gross
- INSERM UMR_S1113, 3 avenue Molière, 67200 Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Médecine, FMTS, 67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Noël Freund
- INSERM UMR_S1113, 3 avenue Molière, 67200 Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Médecine, FMTS, 67081 Strasbourg, France
| | - Claire Domon-Dell
- INSERM UMR_S1113, 3 avenue Molière, 67200 Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Médecine, FMTS, 67081 Strasbourg, France.
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11
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Shu Y, Tao Y, Wang S, Huang L, Yu X, Wang Z, Chen M, Gu W, Ma H. GmSBH1, a homeobox transcription factor gene, relates to growth and development and involves in response to high temperature and humidity stress in soybean. Plant Cell Rep 2015; 34:1927-37. [PMID: 26205508 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-015-1840-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE GmSBH1 involves in response to high temperature and humidity stress. Homeobox transcription factors are key switches that control plant development processes. Glycine max H1 Sbh1 (GmSBH1) was the first homeobox gene isolated from soybean. In the present study, the full ORF of GmSBH1 was isolated, and the encoded protein was found to be a typical class I KNOX homeobox transcription factor. Subcellular localization and transcriptional activation assays showed that GmSBH1 is a nuclear protein and possesses transcriptional activation activity in the homeodomain. The KNOX1 domain was found to play a clear role in suppressing the transcriptional activation activity of GmSBH1. GmSBH1 showed different expression levels among different soybean tissues and was involved in response to high temperature and humidity (HTH) stress in developing soybean seeds. The overexpression of GmSBH1 in Arabidopsis altered leaf and stoma phenotypes and enhanced seed tolerance to HTH stress. Overall, our results indicated that GmSBH1 is involved in growth, development, and enhances tolerance to pre-harvest seed deterioration caused by HTH stress in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- College of Agriculture, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, 233100, China
| | - Yuan Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Liyan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xingwang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhankui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Weihong Gu
- Animal and Plant Introduction and Research Center, Shanghai Agricultural Academy, Shanghai, 201106, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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12
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Trinh BQ, Barengo N, Kim SB, Lee JS, Zweidler-McKay PA, Naora H. The homeobox gene DLX4 regulates erythro-megakaryocytic differentiation by stimulating IL-1β and NF-κB signaling. J Cell Sci 2015. [PMID: 26208636 PMCID: PMC4541043 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.168187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Megakaryocyte and erythroid development are tightly controlled by a repertoire of cytokines, but it is not clear how cytokine-activated signaling pathways are controlled during development of these two lineages. Here, we identify that expression of DLX4, a transcription factor encoded by a homeobox gene, increases during megakaryopoiesis but decreases during erythropoiesis. Enforced expression of DLX4 in CD34(+) stem and progenitor cells and in bipotent K562 cells induced lineage markers and morphologic features of megakaryocytes and repressed erythroid marker expression and hemoglobin levels. Converse results were obtained when DLX4 was knocked down. Gene Ontology and Gene Set Enrichment Analyses of genome-wide changes in gene expression revealed that DLX4 induces a megakaryocytic transcriptional program and inhibits an erythroid transcriptional program. DLX4 also induced gene signatures that are associated with nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling. The ability of DLX4 to promote megakaryocyte development at the expense of erythroid generation was diminished by blocking NF-κB activity or by repressing IL1B, a transcriptional target of DLX4. Collectively, our findings indicate that DLX4 exerts opposing effects on the megakaryocytic and erythroid lineages in part by inducing IL-1β and NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bon Q Trinh
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Box 108, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nicolas Barengo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Box 108, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sang Bae Kim
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Box 950, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ju-Seog Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Box 950, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Patrick A Zweidler-McKay
- Division of Pediatrics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Box 853, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Honami Naora
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Box 108, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Torresan C, Oliveira MMC, Pereira SRF, Ribeiro EMSF, Marian C, Gusev Y, Lima RS, Urban CA, Berg PE, Haddad BR, Cavalli IJ, Cavalli LR. Increased copy number of the DLX4 homeobox gene in breast axillary lymph node metastasis. Cancer Genet 2014; 207:177-87. [PMID: 24947980 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
DLX4 is a homeobox gene strongly implicated in breast tumor progression and invasion. Our main objective was to determine the DLX4 copy number status in sentinel lymph node (SLN) metastasis to assess its involvement in the initial stages of the axillary metastatic process. A total of 37 paired samples of SLN metastasis and primary breast tumors (PBT) were evaluated by fluorescence in situ hybridization, quantitative polymerase chain reaction and array comparative genomic hybridization assays. DLX4 increased copy number was observed in 21.6% of the PBT and 24.3% of the SLN metastasis; regression analysis demonstrated that the DLX4 alterations observed in the SLN metastasis were dependent on the ones in the PBT, indicating that they occur in the primary tumor cell populations and are maintained in the early axillary metastatic site. In addition, regression analysis demonstrated that DLX4 alterations (and other DLX and HOXB family members) occurred independently of the ones in the HER2/NEU gene, the main amplification driver on the 17q region. Additional studies evaluating DLX4 copy number in non-SLN axillary lymph nodes and/or distant breast cancer metastasis are necessary to determine if these alterations are carried on and maintained during more advanced stages of tumor progression and if could be used as a predictive marker for axillary involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Torresan
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Silma R F Pereira
- Department of Biology, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luis, MA, Brazil
| | | | - Catalin Marian
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Yuriy Gusev
- Innovation Center for Biomedical Informatics, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Rubens S Lima
- Breast Unit, Hospital Nossa Senhora das Graças, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Cicero A Urban
- Breast Unit, Hospital Nossa Senhora das Graças, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Positivo University, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Patricia E Berg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, George Washington University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Bassem R Haddad
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Iglenir J Cavalli
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Luciane R Cavalli
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.
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Abstract
Homeobox genes play essential roles in embryonic development and reproduction. Recently, a large cluster of homeobox genes, reproductive homeobox genes on the X chromosome (Rhox) genes, was discovered as three gene clusters, α, β, and γ in mice. It was found that Rhox genes were selectively expressed in reproduction-associated tissues, such as those of the testes, epididymis, ovaries, and placenta. Hence, it was proposed that Rhox genes are important for regulating various reproductive features, especially gametogenesis in male as well as in female mammals. It was first determined that 12 Rhox genes are clustered into α (Rhox1-4), β (Rhox5-9), and γ (Rhox10-12) subclusters, and recently Rhox13 has also been found. At present, 33 Rhox genes have been identified in the mouse genome, 11 in the rat, and three in the human. Rhox genes are also responsible for embryonic development, with considerable amounts of Rhox expression in trophoblasts, placenta tissue, embryonic stem cells, and primordial germ cells. In this article we summarized the current understanding of Rhox family genes involved in reproduction and embryonic development and elucidated a previously unreported cell-specific expression in ovarian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Eun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seoul, Korea
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15
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Kagoshima H, Cassata G, Tong YG, Pujol N, Niklaus G, Bürglin TR. The LIM homeobox gene ceh-14 is required for phasmid function and neurite outgrowth. Dev Biol 2013; 380:314-23. [PMID: 23608457 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2013.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factors play key roles in cell fate specification and cell differentiation. Previously, we showed that the LIM homeodomain factor CEH-14 is expressed in the AFD neurons where it is required for thermotaxis behavior in Caenorhabditis elegans. Here, we show that ceh-14 is expressed in the phasmid sensory neurons, PHA and PHB, a number of neurons in the tail, i.e., PHC, DVC, PVC, PVN, PVQ, PVT, PVW and PVR, as well as the touch neurons. Analysis of the promoter region shows that important regulatory elements for the expression in most neurons reside from -4kb to -1.65kb upstream of the start codon. Further, within the first introns are elements for expression in the hypodermis. Phylogenetic footprinting revealed numerous conserved motifs in these regions. In addition to the existing deletion mutation ceh-14(ch3), we isolated a new allele, ceh-14(ch2), in which only one LIM domain is disrupted. The latter mutant allele is partially defective for thermosensation. Analysis of both mutant alleles showed that they are defective in phasmid dye-filling. However, the cell body, dendritic outgrowth and ciliated endings of PHA and PHB appear normal, indicating that ceh-14 is not required for growth. The loss of a LIM domain in the ceh-14(ch2) allele causes a partial loss-of-function phenotype. Examination of the neurites of ALA and tail neurons using a ceh-14::GFP reporter shows abnormal axonal outgrowth and pathfinding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kagoshima
- Biozentrum, Universität Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 70, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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16
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Hong JH, Lee JK, Park JJ, Lee NW, Lee KW, Na JY. Expression pattern of the class I homeobox genes in ovarian carcinoma. J Gynecol Oncol 2010; 21:29-37. [PMID: 20379445 DOI: 10.3802/jgo.2010.21.1.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2009] [Revised: 11/29/2009] [Accepted: 12/15/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although some sporadic reports reveal the link between the homeobox (HOX) genes and ovarian carcinoma, there is no comprehensive analysis of the expression pattern of the class I homeobox genes in ovarian carcinoma that determines the candidate genes involved in ovarian carcinogenesis. METHODS The different patterns of expression of 36 HOX genes were analyzed, including 4 ovarian cancer cell lines and 4 normal ovarian tissues. Using a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and quantification analysis, the specific gene that showed a significantly higher expression in ovarian cancer cell lines than in normal ovaries was selected, and western blot analysis was performed adding 7 ovarian cancer tissue specimens. Finally, immunohistochemical and immunocytochemical analyses were performed to compare the pattern of expression of the specific HOX gene between ovarian cancer tissue and normal ovaries. RESULTS Among 36 genes, 11 genes had a different level of mRNA expression between the cancer cell lines and the normal ovarian tissues. Of the 11 genes, only HOXB4 had a significantly higher level of expression in ovarian cancer cell lines than in normal ovaries (p=0.029). Based on western blot, immunohistochemical, and immunocytochemical analyses, HOXB4 was expressed exclusively in the ovarian cancer cell lines or cancer tissue specimens, but not in the normal ovaries. CONCLUSION We suggest HOXB4 may be a novel candidate gene involved in ovarian carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hwa Hong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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