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Ximerakis M, Holton KM, Giadone RM, Ozek C, Saxena M, Santiago S, Adiconis X, Dionne D, Nguyen L, Shah KM, Goldstein JM, Gasperini C, Gampierakis IA, Lipnick SL, Simmons SK, Buchanan SM, Wagers AJ, Regev A, Levin JZ, Rubin LL. Heterochronic parabiosis reprograms the mouse brain transcriptome by shifting aging signatures in multiple cell types. NATURE AGING 2023; 3:327-345. [PMID: 37118429 PMCID: PMC10154248 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-023-00373-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a complex process involving transcriptomic changes associated with deterioration across multiple tissues and organs, including the brain. Recent studies using heterochronic parabiosis have shown that various aspects of aging-associated decline are modifiable or even reversible. To better understand how this occurs, we performed single-cell transcriptomic profiling of young and old mouse brains after parabiosis. For each cell type, we cataloged alterations in gene expression, molecular pathways, transcriptional networks, ligand-receptor interactions and senescence status. Our analyses identified gene signatures, demonstrating that heterochronic parabiosis regulates several hallmarks of aging in a cell-type-specific manner. Brain endothelial cells were found to be especially malleable to this intervention, exhibiting dynamic transcriptional changes that affect vascular structure and function. These findings suggest new strategies for slowing deterioration and driving regeneration in the aging brain through approaches that do not rely on disease-specific mechanisms or actions of individual circulating factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Methodios Ximerakis
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Kristina M Holton
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Richard M Giadone
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ceren Ozek
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Monika Saxena
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Samara Santiago
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Xian Adiconis
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Danielle Dionne
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lan Nguyen
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kavya M Shah
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jill M Goldstein
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Caterina Gasperini
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ioannis A Gampierakis
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Scott L Lipnick
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sean K Simmons
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sean M Buchanan
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Amy J Wagers
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aviv Regev
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Koch Institute of Integrative Cancer Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joshua Z Levin
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lee L Rubin
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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2
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Fusi L, Paudel R, Meder K, Schlosser A, Schrama D, Goebeler M, Schmidt M. Interaction of transcription factor FoxO3 with histone acetyltransferase complex subunit TRRAP Modulates Gene Expression and Apoptosis. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101714. [PMID: 35151693 PMCID: PMC8914384 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box O (FoxO) transcription factors are conserved proteins involved in the regulation of life span and age-related diseases, such as diabetes and cancer. Stress stimuli or growth factor deprivation promotes nuclear localization and activation of FoxO proteins, which—depending on the cellular context—can lead to cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. In endothelial cells (ECs), they further regulate angiogenesis and may promote inflammation and vessel destabilization implicating a role of FoxOs in vascular diseases. In several cancers, FoxOs exert a tumor-suppressive function by regulating proliferation and survival. We and others have previously shown that FoxOs can regulate these processes via two different mechanisms: by direct binding to forkhead-responsive elements at the promoter of target genes or by a poorly understood alternative process that does not require direct DNA binding and regulates key targets in primary human ECs. Here, we performed an interaction study in ECs to identify new nuclear FoxO3 interaction partners that might contribute to FoxO-dependent gene regulation. Mass spectrometry analysis of FoxO3-interacting proteins revealed transformation/transcription domain–associated protein (TRRAP), a member of multiple histone acetyltransferase complexes, as a novel binding partner of FoxO family proteins. We demonstrate that TRRAP is required to support FoxO3 transactivation and FoxO3-dependent G1 arrest and apoptosis in ECs via transcriptional activation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27kip1 and the proapoptotic B-cell lymphoma 2 family member, BIM. Moreover, FoxO–TRRAP interaction could explain FoxO-induced alternative gene regulation via TRRAP-dependent recruitment to target promoters lacking forkhead-responsive element sequences.
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3
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Li J, Zhao Y, Zhu W. Targeting angiogenesis in myocardial infarction: Novel therapeutics (Review). Exp Ther Med 2021; 23:64. [PMID: 34934435 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains the main cause of mortality worldwide. Despite surgery and medical treatment, the non-regeneration of dead cardiomyocytes and the limited contractile ability of scar tissue can lead to heart failure. Therefore, restoring blood flow in the infarcted area is important for the repair of myocardial injury. The objective of the present review was to summarize the factors influencing angiogenesis after AMI, and to describe the application of angiogenesis for cardiac repair. Collectively, this review may be helpful for relevant studies and to provide insight into future therapeutic applications in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiejie Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory of Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
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4
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Hansda AK, Goswami R. 17-β estradiol signalling affects cardiovascular and cancer pathogenesis by regulating the crosstalk between transcription factors and EC-miRNAs. GENE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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5
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McDowell SAC, Luo RBE, Arabzadeh A, Doré S, Bennett NC, Breton V, Karimi E, Rezanejad M, Yang RR, Lach KD, Issac MSM, Samborska B, Perus LJM, Moldoveanu D, Wei Y, Fiset B, Rayes RF, Watson IR, Kazak L, Guiot MC, Fiset PO, Spicer JD, Dannenberg AJ, Walsh LA, Quail DF. Neutrophil oxidative stress mediates obesity-associated vascular dysfunction and metastatic transmigration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 2:545-562. [DOI: 10.1038/s43018-021-00194-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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6
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Efficient Suppression of NRAS-Driven Melanoma by Co-Inhibition of ERK1/2 and ERK5 MAPK Pathways. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 140:2455-2465.e10. [PMID: 32376279 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.03.972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is a highly malignant tumor typically driven by somatic mutation in the oncogenes BRAF or NRAS, leading to uncontrolled activation of the MEK/ERK MAPK pathway. Despite the availability of immunotherapy, MAPK pathway‒targeting regimens are still a valuable treatment option for BRAF-mutant melanoma. Unfortunately, patients with NRAS mutation do not benefit from such therapies owing to the lack of targetable BRAF mutations and a high degree of intrinsic and acquired resistance toward MEK inhibition. Here, we demonstrate that concomitant inhibition of ERK5 removes this constraint and effectively sensitizes NRAS-mutant melanoma cells for MAPK pathway‒targeting therapy. Using approved MEK inhibitors or a pharmacologic ERK inhibitor, we demonstrate that MAPK inhibition triggers a delayed activation of ERK5 through a PDGFR inhibitor-sensitive pathway in NRAS-mutant melanoma cells, resulting in sustained proliferation and survival. ERK5 phosphorylation also occurred naturally in NRAS-mutant melanoma cells and correlated with nuclear localization of its stem cell-associated effector KLF2. Importantly, MEK/ERK5 co-inhibition prevented long-term growth of human NRAS-mutant melanoma cells in vitro and effectively repressed tumor progression in a xenotransplant mouse model. Our findings suggest MEK/ERK5 cotargeting as a potential treatment option for NRAS-mutant melanoma, which currently is not amenable for targeted therapies.
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7
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Boedicker C, Hussong M, Grimm C, Dolgikh N, Meister MT, Enßle JC, Wanior M, Knapp S, Schweiger MR, Fulda S. Co-inhibition of BET proteins and PI3Kα triggers mitochondrial apoptosis in rhabdomyosarcoma cells. Oncogene 2020; 39:3837-3852. [PMID: 32161312 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1229-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Remodeling transcription by targeting bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) proteins has emerged as promising anticancer strategy. Here, we identify a novel synergistic interaction of the BET inhibitor JQ1 with the PI3Kα-specific inhibitor BYL719 to trigger mitochondrial apoptosis and to suppress tumor growth in models of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS). RNA-Seq revealed that JQ1/BYL719 co-treatment shifts the overall balance of BCL-2 family gene expression towards apoptosis and upregulates expression of BMF, BCL2L11 (BIM), and PMAIP1 (NOXA) while downregulating BCL2L1 (BCL-xL). These changes were confirmed by qRT-PCR and western blot analysis. Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) of RNA-Seq data followed by validation qRT-PCR and western blot identified MYC and FOXO3a as potential transcription factors (TFs) upstream of the observed gene expression pattern. Immunoprecipitation (IP) studies showed that JQ1/BYL719-stimulated increase in BIM expression enhances the neutralization of antiapoptotic BCL-2, BCL-xL, and MCL-1. This promotes the activation of BAK and BAX and caspase-dependent apoptosis, as (1) individual silencing of BMF, BIM, NOXA, BAK, or BAX, (2) overexpression of BCL-2 or MCL-1 or (3) the caspase inhibitor N-Benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp(O-Me) fluoromethylketone (zVAD.fmk) all rescue JQ1/BYL719-induced cell death. In conclusion, co-inhibition of BET proteins and PI3Kα cooperatively induces mitochondrial apoptosis by proapoptotic re-balancing of BCL-2 family proteins. This discovery opens exciting perspectives for therapeutic exploitation of BET inhibitors in RMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathinka Boedicker
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michelle Hussong
- Laboratory for Epigenomics and Tumor genetics, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christina Grimm
- Laboratory for Epigenomics and Tumor genetics, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nadezda Dolgikh
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Michael T Meister
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Julius C Enßle
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Marek Wanior
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry and BMLS (SGC), Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stefan Knapp
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site, Frankfurt, Germany
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry and BMLS (SGC), Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Michal R Schweiger
- Laboratory for Epigenomics and Tumor genetics, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Simone Fulda
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site, Frankfurt, Germany.
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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8
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Schmitt-Ney M. The FOXO's Advantages of Being a Family: Considerations on Function and Evolution. Cells 2020; 9:E787. [PMID: 32214027 PMCID: PMC7140813 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans possesses a unique (with various isoforms) FOXO transcription factor DAF-16, which is notorious for its role in aging and its regulation by the insulin-PI3K-AKT pathway. In humans, five genes (including a protein-coding pseudogene) encode for FOXO transcription factors that are targeted by the PI3K-AKT axis, such as in C. elegans. This common regulation and highly conserved DNA-binding domain are the pillars of this family. In this review, I will discuss the possible meaning of possessing a group of very similar proteins and how it can generate additional functionality to more complex organisms. I frame this discussion in relation to the much larger super family of Forkhead proteins to which they belong. FOXO members are very often co-expressed in the same cell type. The overlap of function and expression creates a certain redundancy that might be a safeguard against the accidental loss of FOXO function, which could otherwise lead to disease, particularly, cancer. This is one of the points that will be examined in this "family affair" report.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Schmitt-Ney
- Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, 10126 Torino, Italy
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9
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Hagenbuchner J, Obsilova V, Kaserer T, Kaiser N, Rass B, Psenakova K, Docekal V, Alblova M, Kohoutova K, Schuster D, Aneichyk T, Vesely J, Obexer P, Obsil T, Ausserlechner MJ. Modulating FOXO3 transcriptional activity by small, DBD-binding molecules. eLife 2019; 8:48876. [PMID: 31789593 PMCID: PMC6919977 DOI: 10.7554/elife.48876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
FOXO transcription factors are critical regulators of cell homeostasis and steer cell death, differentiation and longevity in mammalian cells. By combined pharmacophore-modeling-based in silico and fluorescence polarization-based screening we identified small molecules that physically interact with the DNA-binding domain (DBD) of FOXO3 and modulate the FOXO3 transcriptional program in human cells. The mode of interaction between compounds and the FOXO3-DBD was assessed via NMR spectroscopy and docking studies. We demonstrate that compounds S9 and its oxalate salt S9OX interfere with FOXO3 target promoter binding, gene transcription and modulate the physiologic program activated by FOXO3 in cancer cells. These small molecules prove the druggability of the FOXO-DBD and provide a structural basis for modulating these important homeostasis regulators in normal and malignant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Hagenbuchner
- Department of Pediatrics II, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Veronika Obsilova
- Department of Structural Biology of Signaling Proteins, Institute of Physiology, Division BIOCEV, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Teresa Kaserer
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Department of Pediatrics I, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nora Kaiser
- Department of Pediatrics I, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bettina Rass
- Department of Pediatrics I, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Katarina Psenakova
- Department of Structural Biology of Signaling Proteins, Institute of Physiology, Division BIOCEV, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Docekal
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslava Alblova
- Department of Structural Biology of Signaling Proteins, Institute of Physiology, Division BIOCEV, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Klara Kohoutova
- Department of Structural Biology of Signaling Proteins, Institute of Physiology, Division BIOCEV, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Schuster
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Tatsiana Aneichyk
- Division of Molecular Pathophysiology, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Independent Data Lab UG, Munich, Germany
| | - Jan Vesely
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Obexer
- Department of Pediatrics II, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Tomas Obsil
- Department of Structural Biology of Signaling Proteins, Institute of Physiology, Division BIOCEV, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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10
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Gökdoğan Edgünlü T, Ünal Y, Karakaş Çelik S, Genç Ö, Emre U, Kutlu G. The effect of FOXO gene family variants and global DNA metylation on RRMS disease. Gene 2019; 726:144172. [PMID: 31759981 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.144172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is a chronic disease that usually occurs with exacerbations and remissions in young adults, affects the central nervous system white matter in multiple localization, and is thought to be the result of complex interactions of genetic and environmental factors, the most common form is relapsing-remitting MS. Forkhead transcription factors O class (FOXO) are responsible for the regulation of various cellular processes including cell cycle, apoptosis, DNA repair, cellular resistance and metabolism. DNA methylation is such an epigenetic change and has been shown to be associated with almost any biological process. The aim of our study to show the relation between the genetic variants of FOXO3a (rs2253310 rs4966936) and FOXO1 (rs3900833, rs4581585) and global DNA methylation in RRMS. We analyzed DNA obtained from 79 RRMS patients and 104 healthy individuals by PCR-RFLP method for the detection of genetic variants. For the determination of global DNA methylation, results were obtained using ELISA method. The data were evaluated statistically. As a result of our analysis; global DNA methylation is higher in RRMS patients compared to control individuals and it can be effective on the disease. In addition, it has been determined that variants of FOXO3a (rs2253310, rs4966936) and FOXO1 (rs3900833), which have been genotyped, may be effective in disease pathogenesis. These results suggest that DNAmethylation and FOXO gene variants may be effective in neuronal loss in RRMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuba Gökdoğan Edgünlü
- Muğla Sitki Kocman University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Muğla, Turkey.
| | - Yasemin Ünal
- Muğla Sitki Kocman University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Muğla, Turkey
| | - Sevim Karakaş Çelik
- Bülent Ecevit University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetic, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Öyküm Genç
- Bülent Ecevit University, Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Ufuk Emre
- Istanbul Teaching and Research Hospital, Department of Neurology, Muğla, Turkey
| | - Gülnihal Kutlu
- Muğla Sitki Kocman University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Muğla, Turkey
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11
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Frings VG, Müller D, Storz G, Rossi A, Sennefelder H, Adam C, Goebeler M, Groeber-Becker FK, Schmidt M. Improved metal allergen reactivity of artificial skin models by integration of Toll-like receptor 4-positive cells. Contact Dermatitis 2019; 81:254-261. [PMID: 31198997 DOI: 10.1111/cod.13336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reconstructed human epidermis (RhE) is widely used to replace animal models in order to assess the proinflammatory and allergenic effects of chemicals. Unfortunately, RhE lacks proinflammatory responsiveness for metal haptens, which are the most prevalent human contact allergens, raising concerns about its reliability for predicting skin allergens. OBJECTIVES To investigate whether this limitation of RhE might be attributable to a lack of functional expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), which governs proinflammatory sensitivity to nickel and cobalt. MATERIALS AND METHODS RhE, dendritic cell (DC)-containing RhE and full-thickness skin equivalent (FTSE) were compared regarding their proinflammatory responsiveness to metal allergens. RESULTS The incorporation of dermal fibroblasts was sufficient to confer metal sensitivity to RhE. Unlike keratinocytes, normal human fibroblasts expressed high levels of TLR4 mRNA and induced interleukin-8 expression upon stimulation with nickel or cobalt. Consistently, dermal isolates from FTSE expressed considerable amounts of TLR4 mRNA, whereas RhE or epidermis isolated from FTSE, normal human epidermis or inflamed human epidermis failed to express TLR4. Similarly, co-culture with TLR4-positive DCs bestowed RhE with proinflammatory responsiveness to metals. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that FTSE or DC/RhE co-culture models can circumvent the shortcomings of RhE assays, and combine the benefits of complex and monoculture-based test systems in a single assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena G Frings
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Damaris Müller
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Gabriel Storz
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (TERM), University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Angela Rossi
- Translational Center for Regenerative Therapies, Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Helga Sennefelder
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christian Adam
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Goebeler
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Florian K Groeber-Becker
- Translational Center for Regenerative Therapies, Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (TERM), University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marc Schmidt
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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12
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Abstract
All four FOXO isoforms have been shown to respond to changes in the cellular redox status of the cell, and regulate the expression of target genes that in turn can modulate the cellular oxidative status. However, the mechanisms involved are still controversial. It is clear though that redox regulation of FOXO factors occurs at different levels. The proteins themselves are redox-sensitive and their capacity to bind their target sites seems to be at least partially dependent on their oxidative status. Importantly, several of the cofactors that are known to regulate FOXO transcriptional activity are also sensitive to changes in the cellular redox status, in particular the deacetylase SirT1 is activated in response to reduced levels of reducing equivalents (increased NAD+/NADH+ ratio) and the coactivator PGC-1α is induced in response to increased cellular oxidative stress. Furthermore, nuclear localization of FOXO factors is also regulated by proteins that, like AKT, are themselves regulated directly or indirectly by the cellular levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. In this technical review, we aim to update the current status of our knowledge of how to handle redox-regulated FOXO factor research in order to better understand FOXO biology.
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13
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Feehan RP, Nelson AM, Shantz LM. Inhibition of mTORC2 enhances UVB-induced apoptosis in keratinocytes through a mechanism dependent on the FOXO3a transcriptional target NOXA but independent of TRAIL. Cell Signal 2018; 52:35-47. [PMID: 30172026 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The primary cause of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation. We have shown previously that mTORC2 inhibition sensitizes keratinocytes to UVB-induced apoptosis mediated by the transcription factor FOXO3a. FOXO3a is a key regulator of apoptosis and a tumor suppressor in several cancer types. Activation of FOXO3a promotes apoptosis through the coordinated expression of a variety of target genes, including TRAIL and NOXA. We hypothesized that in the setting of mTORC2 inhibition, the UVB-induced expression of these factors would lead to apoptosis in a FOXO3a-dependent manner. Using spontaneously immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells), we observed that both TRAIL and NOXA expression increased in cells exposed to UVB and the TOR kinase inhibitor Torin 2. Similar to knockdown of FOXO3a, NOXA knockdown reversed the sensitization to UVB-induced apoptosis caused by mTORC2 inhibition. In contrast, loss of TRAIL by either knockdown or knockout actually enhanced expression of nuclear FOXO3a, which maintained apoptosis. These surprising results are not due to faulty death receptor signaling in HaCaT cells, as we found that the cells undergo extrinsic apoptosis in response to treatment with recombinant TRAIL. Even more striking, TRAIL knockout cells were sensitized to recombinant TRAIL-induced apoptosis compared to wild-type HaCaT cells, with the largest increase occurring in the presence of mTORC2 inhibition. Taken together, these studies provide strong evidence that mTORC2 controls UVB-induced apoptosis by regulating NOXA expression downstream of FOXO3a. Moreover, FOXO3a transcriptional activation by mTORC2 inhibitors may be a valuable target for prevention or therapy of NMSC, especially in cases with low endogenous TRAIL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P Feehan
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, United States.
| | - Amanda M Nelson
- Department of Dermatology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, United States.
| | - Lisa M Shantz
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, United States.
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14
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van Ooijen H, Hornsveld M, Dam-de Veen C, Velter R, Dou M, Verhaegh W, Burgering B, van de Stolpe A. Assessment of Functional Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Pathway Activity in Cancer Tissue Using Forkhead Box-O Target Gene Expression in a Knowledge-Based Computational Model. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 188:1956-1972. [PMID: 30030980 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway is commonly activated in cancer. Tumors are potentially sensitive to PI3K pathway inhibitors, but reliable diagnostic tests that assess functional PI3K activity are lacking. Because PI3K pathway activity negatively regulates forkhead box-O (FOXO) transcription factor activity, FOXO target gene expression is inversely correlated with PI3K activity. A knowledge-based Bayesian computational model was developed to infer PI3K activity in cancer tissue samples from FOXO target gene mRNA levels and validated in cancer cell lines treated with PI3K inhibitors. However, applied to patient tissue samples, FOXO was often active in cancer types with expected active PI3K. SOD2 was differentially expressed between FOXO-active healthy and cancer tissue samples, indicating that cancer-associated cellular oxidative stress alternatively activated FOXO. To enable correct interpretation of active FOXO in cancer tissue, threshold levels for normal SOD2 expression in healthy tissue were defined above which FOXO activity is oxidative stress induced and below which PI3K regulated. In slow-growing luminal A breast cancer and low Gleason score prostate cancer, FOXO was active in a PI3K-regulated manner, indicating inactive PI3K. In aggressive luminal B, HER2, and basal breast cancer, FOXO was increasingly inactive or actively induced by oxidative stress, indicating PI3K activity. We provide a decision tree that facilitates functional PI3K pathway activity assessment in tissue samples from patients with cancer for therapy response prediction and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rick Velter
- Philips Research, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Meng Dou
- Philips Research, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
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15
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Adam C, Glück L, Ebert R, Goebeler M, Jakob F, Schmidt M. The MEK5/ERK5 mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade is an effector pathway of bone-sustaining bisphosphonates that regulates osteogenic differentiation and mineralization. Bone 2018; 111:49-58. [PMID: 29567200 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Bisphosphonates play an important role in the treatment of metabolic bone diseases such as osteoporosis. In addition to their anti-resorptive activity by triggering osteoclast apoptosis, nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates (N-BP) may also influence osteogenic differentiation, which might rely on their capacity to inhibit the mevalonate pathway. In vascular endothelial cells inhibition of this pathway by cholesterol-lowering statins activates the MEK5/ERK5 mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade, which plays an important role in cellular differentiation, apoptosis or inflammatory processes. Here we evaluated whether N-BP may also target the MEK5/ERK5 pathway and analysed the consequences of ERK5 activation on osteogenic differentiation. We show that N-BP dose-dependently activate ERK5 in primary human endothelial cells and osteoblasts. The mechanism likely involves farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase inhibition and subsequent functional inhibition of the small GTPase Cdc42 since siRNA-mediated knockdown of both genes could reproduce N-BP-induced ERK5 activation. ERK5 activation resulted in regulation of several bone-relevant genes and was required for calcification and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stems cells as evident by the lack of alkaline phosphatase induction and alizarin-red S staining observed upon ERK5 knockdown or upon differentiation initiation in presence of a pharmacological ERK5 inhibitor. Our data provide evidence that N-BP activate the MEK5/ERK5 cascade and reveal an essential role of ERK5 in osteogenic differentiation and mineralization of skeletal precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Adam
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lucia Glück
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany
| | - Regina Ebert
- Orthopedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Orthopedic Department, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Franz Jakob
- Orthopedic Center for Musculoskeletal Research, Orthopedic Department, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marc Schmidt
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Würzburg, Germany.
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16
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Di Vincenzo S, Heijink IH, Noordhoek JA, Cipollina C, Siena L, Bruno A, Ferraro M, Postma DS, Gjomarkaj M, Pace E. SIRT1/FoxO3 axis alteration leads to aberrant immune responses in bronchial epithelial cells. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:2272-2282. [PMID: 29411515 PMCID: PMC5867095 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and ageing are intertwined in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The histone deacetylase SIRT1 and the related activation of FoxO3 protect from ageing and regulate inflammation. The role of SIRT1/FoxO3 in COPD is largely unknown. This study evaluated whether cigarette smoke, by modulating the SIRT1/FoxO3 axis, affects airway epithelial pro-inflammatory responses. Human bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE) and primary bronchial epithelial cells (PBECs) from COPD patients and controls were treated with/without cigarette smoke extract (CSE), Sirtinol or FoxO3 siRNA. SIRT1, FoxO3 and NF-κB nuclear accumulation, SIRT1 deacetylase activity, IL-8 and CCL20 expression/release and the release of 12 cytokines, neutrophil and lymphocyte chemotaxis were assessed. In PBECs, the constitutive FoxO3 expression was lower in patients with COPD than in controls. Furthermore, CSE reduced FoxO3 expression only in PBECs from controls. In 16HBE, CSE decreased SIRT1 activity and nuclear expression, enhanced NF-κB binding to the IL-8 gene promoter thus increasing IL-8 expression, decreased CCL20 expression, increased the neutrophil chemotaxis and decreased lymphocyte chemotaxis. Similarly, SIRT1 inhibition reduced FoxO3 expression and increased nuclear NF-κB. FoxO3 siRNA treatment increased IL-8 and decreased CCL20 expression in 16HBE. In conclusion, CSE impairs the function of SIRT1/FoxO3 axis in bronchial epithelium, dysregulating NF-κB activity and inducing pro-inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Di Vincenzo
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare‐Consiglio Nazionale delle RicerchePalermoItaly
| | - Irene H. Heijink
- Department of Pathology and Medical BiologyUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Jacobien A. Noordhoek
- Department of Pathology and Medical BiologyUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Chiara Cipollina
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare‐Consiglio Nazionale delle RicerchePalermoItaly
- Fondazione Ri.MEDPalermoItaly
| | - Liboria Siena
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare‐Consiglio Nazionale delle RicerchePalermoItaly
| | - Andreina Bruno
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare‐Consiglio Nazionale delle RicerchePalermoItaly
| | - Maria Ferraro
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare‐Consiglio Nazionale delle RicerchePalermoItaly
| | - Dirkje S. Postma
- Department of Pathology and Medical BiologyUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Mark Gjomarkaj
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare‐Consiglio Nazionale delle RicerchePalermoItaly
| | - Elisabetta Pace
- Istituto di Biomedicina e Immunologia Molecolare‐Consiglio Nazionale delle RicerchePalermoItaly
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17
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Horn S, Hughes MA, Schilling R, Sticht C, Tenev T, Ploesser M, Meier P, Sprick MR, MacFarlane M, Leverkus M. Caspase-10 Negatively Regulates Caspase-8-Mediated Cell Death, Switching the Response to CD95L in Favor of NF-κB Activation and Cell Survival. Cell Rep 2018; 19:785-797. [PMID: 28445729 PMCID: PMC5413585 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Formation of the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) initiates extrinsic apoptosis. Caspase-8 and its regulator cFLIP control death signaling by binding to death-receptor-bound FADD. By elucidating the function of the caspase-8 homolog, caspase-10, we discover that caspase-10 negatively regulates caspase-8-mediated cell death. Significantly, we reveal that caspase-10 reduces DISC association and activation of caspase-8. Furthermore, we extend our co-operative/hierarchical binding model of caspase-8/cFLIP and show that caspase-10 does not compete with caspase-8 for binding to FADD. Utilizing caspase-8-knockout cells, we demonstrate that caspase-8 is required upstream of both cFLIP and caspase-10 and that DISC formation critically depends on the scaffold function of caspase-8. We establish that caspase-10 rewires DISC signaling to NF-κB activation/cell survival and demonstrate that the catalytic activity of caspase-10, and caspase-8, is redundant in gene induction. Thus, our data are consistent with a model in which both caspase-10 and cFLIP coordinately regulate CD95L-mediated signaling for death or survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Horn
- Section of Molecular Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Michelle A Hughes
- MRC Toxicology Unit, Hodgkin Building, PO Box 138, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
| | - Ramon Schilling
- Section of Molecular Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Carsten Sticht
- Center for Medical Research, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Tencho Tenev
- The Breakthrough Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, Mary-Jean Mitchell Green Building, Chester Beatty Laboratories, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Michaela Ploesser
- Section of Molecular Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Pascal Meier
- The Breakthrough Toby Robins Breast Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, Mary-Jean Mitchell Green Building, Chester Beatty Laboratories, Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Martin R Sprick
- Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Marion MacFarlane
- MRC Toxicology Unit, Hodgkin Building, PO Box 138, Lancaster Road, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK.
| | - Martin Leverkus
- Section of Molecular Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Allergology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany; Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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18
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Watson EC, Grant ZL, Coultas L. Endothelial cell apoptosis in angiogenesis and vessel regression. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:4387-4403. [PMID: 28646366 PMCID: PMC11107683 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2577-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Blood vessel regression is an essential process for ensuring blood vessel networks function at optimal efficiency and for matching blood supply to the metabolic needs of tissues as they change over time. Angiogenesis is the major mechanism by which new blood vessels are produced, but the vessel growth associated with angiogenesis must be complemented by remodeling and maturation events including the removal of redundant vessel segments and cells to fashion the newly forming vasculature into an efficient, hierarchical network. This review will summarize recent findings on the role that endothelial cell apoptosis plays in vascular remodeling during angiogenesis and in vessel regression more generally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma C Watson
- Development and Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149, Münster, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Zoe L Grant
- Development and Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Leigh Coultas
- Development and Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
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19
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Toksoy A, Sennefelder H, Adam C, Hofmann S, Trautmann A, Goebeler M, Schmidt M. Potent NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation by the HIV Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor Abacavir. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:2805-2814. [PMID: 28057759 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.749473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There is experimental and clinical evidence that some exanthematous allergic drug hypersensitivity reactions are mediated by drug-specific T cells. We hypothesized that the capacity of certain drugs to directly stimulate the innate immune system may contribute to generate drug-specific T cells. Here we analyzed whether abacavir, an HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitor often inducing severe delayed-type drug hypersensitivity, can trigger innate immune activation that may contribute to its allergic potential. We show that abacavir fails to generate direct innate immune activation in human monocytes but potently triggers IL-1β release upon pro-inflammatory priming with phorbol ester or Toll-like receptor stimulation. IL-1β processing and secretion were sensitive to Caspase-1 inhibition, NLRP3 knockdown, and K+ efflux inhibition and were not observed with other non-allergenic nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, identifying abacavir as a specific inflammasome activator. It further correlated with dose-dependent mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production and cytotoxicity, indicating that inflammasome activation resulted from mitochondrial damage. However, both NLRP3 depletion and inhibition of K+ efflux mitigated abacavir-induced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production and cytotoxicity, suggesting that these processes were secondary to NLRP3 activation. Instead, depletion of cardiolipin synthase 1 abolished abacavir-induced IL-1β secretion, suggesting that mitochondrial cardiolipin release may trigger abacavir-induced inflammasome activation. Our data identify abacavir as a novel inflammasome-stimulating drug allergen. They implicate a potential contribution of innate immune activation to medication-induced delayed-type hypersensitivity, which may stimulate new concepts for treatment and prevention of drug allergies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atiye Toksoy
- From the Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Helga Sennefelder
- From the Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christian Adam
- From the Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sonja Hofmann
- From the Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Axel Trautmann
- From the Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Goebeler
- From the Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marc Schmidt
- From the Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
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20
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FOXO target gene CTDSP2 regulates cell cycle progression through Ras and p21(Cip1/Waf1). Biochem J 2015; 469:289-98. [PMID: 25990325 PMCID: PMC4613505 DOI: 10.1042/bj20140831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Growth factor controlled activity of forkhead box O transcription factors results in altered gene expression, including expression of CTDSP2 (C-terminal domain small phosphatase 2). CTDSP2 can regulate cell cycle progression through Ras and the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21Cip1/Waf1. Activity of FOXO (forkhead box O) transcription factors is inhibited by growth factor–PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase)–PKB (protein kinase B)/Akt signalling to control a variety of cellular processes including cell cycle progression. Through comparative analysis of a number of microarray datasets we identified a set of genes commonly regulated by FOXO proteins and PI3K–PKB/Akt, which includes CTDSP2 (C-terminal domain small phosphatase 2). We validated CTDSP2 as a genuine FOXO target gene and show that ectopic CTDSP2 can induce cell cycle arrest. We analysed transcriptional regulation after CTDSP2 expression and identified extensive regulation of genes involved in cell cycle progression, which depends on the phosphatase activity of CTDSP2. The most notably regulated gene is the CDK (cyclin-dependent kinase) inhibitor p21Cip1/Waf1 and in the present study we show that p21Cip1/Waf1 is partially responsible for the cell cycle arrest through decreasing cyclin–CDK activity. Our data suggest that CTDSP2 induces p21Cip1/Waf1 through increasing the activity of Ras. As has been described previously, Ras induces p21Cip1/Waf1 through p53-dependent and p53-independent pathways and indeed both p53 and MEK inhibition can mitigate the CTDSP2-induced p21Cip1/Waf1 mRNA up-regulation. In support of Ras activation by CTDSP2, depletion of endogenous CTDSP2 results in reduced Ras activity and thus CTDSP2 seems to be part of a larger set of genes regulated by FOXO proteins, which increase growth factor signalling upon FOXO activation.
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21
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Schmitt-Ney M, Camussi G. The PAX3-FOXO1 fusion protein present in rhabdomyosarcoma interferes with normal FOXO activity and the TGF-β pathway. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0121474. [PMID: 25806826 PMCID: PMC4373809 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0121474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PAX3-FOXO1 (PAX3-FKHR) is the fusion protein produced by the genomic translocation that characterizes the alveolar subtype of Rhabdomyosarcoma, a pediatric sarcoma with myogenic phenotype. PAX3-FOXO1 is an aberrant but functional transcription factor. It retains PAX3-DNA-binding activity and functionally overlaps PAX3 function while also disturbing it, in particular its role in myogenic differentiation. We herein show that PAX3-FOXO1 interferes with normal FOXO function. PAX3-FOXO1 affects FOXO-family member trans-activation capability and the FOXO-dependent TGF-β response. PAX3-FOXO1 may contribute to tumor formation by inhibiting the tumor suppressor activities which are characteristic of both FOXO family members and TGF-β pathways. The recognition of this mechanism raises new questions about how FOXO family members function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Schmitt-Ney
- Molecular Biotechnology Center and Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Giovanni Camussi
- Molecular Biotechnology Center and Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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22
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IL-32θ downregulates CCL5 expression through its interaction with PKCδ and STAT3. Cell Signal 2014; 26:3007-15. [PMID: 25280942 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-32 (IL-32) exists in several isoforms and plays an important role in inflammatory response. Recently, we identified a new isoform, IL-32θ, and performed a microarray analysis to identify IL-32θ-regulated genes in THP-1 myelomonocytic cells. Upon stimulating IL-32θ-expressing THP-1 cells with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), we found that the CCL5 transcript level was significantly reduced. We confirmed the downregulation of CCL5 protein expression by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Because STAT3 phosphorylation on Ser727 by PKCδ is reported to suppress CCL5 protein expression, we examined whether IL-32θ-mediated STAT3 Ser727 phosphorylation occurs through an interaction with PKCδ. In this study, we first demonstrate that IL-32θ interacts with PKCδ and STAT3 using co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and pulldown assay. Moreover, STAT3 was rarely phosphorylated on Ser727 in the absence of IL-32θ, leading to the binding of STAT3 to the CCL5 promoter. These results indicate that IL-32θ, through its interaction with PKCδ, downregulates CCL5 expression by mediating the phosphorylation of STAT3 on Ser727 to render it transcriptionally inactive. Therefore, similar to what we have reported for IL-32α and IL-32β, our data from this study suggests that the newly identified IL-32θ isoform also acts as an intracellular modulator of inflammation.
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23
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Shott RH, Majer A, Frost KL, Booth SA, Schang LM. Activation of pro-survival CaMK4β/CREB and pro-death MST1 signaling at early and late times during a mouse model of prion disease. Virol J 2014; 11:160. [PMID: 25183307 PMCID: PMC4168054 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-11-160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The signaling pathways most critical to prion disease pathogenesis are as yet incompletely characterized. We have developed a kinomics approach to identify signaling pathways that are dysregulated during prion pathogenesis. The approach is sensitive and specific enough to detect signaling pathways dysregulated in a simple in vitro model of prion pathogenesis. Here, we used this approach to identify signaling pathways dysregulated during prion pathogenesis in vivo. Methods Mice intraperitoneally infected with scrapie (strain RML) were euthanized at 70, 90, 110, 130 days post-infection (dpi) or at terminal stages of disease (155–190 dpi). The levels of 139 protein kinases in brainstem-cerebellum homogenates were analyzed by multiplex Western blots, followed by hierarchical clustering and analyses of activation states. Results Hierarchical and functional clustering identified CaMK4β and MST1 signaling pathways as potentially dysregulated. Targeted analyses revealed that CaMK4β and its downstream substrate CREB, which promotes neuronal survival, were activated at 70 and 90 dpi in cortical, subcortical and brainstem-cerebellum homogenates from scrapie-infected mice. The activation levels of CaMK4β/CREB signaling returned to those in mock-infected mice at 110 dpi, whereas MST1, which promotes neuronal death, became activated at 130 dpi. Conclusion Pro-survival CaMK4β/CREB signaling is activated in mouse scrapie at earlier times and later inhibited, whereas pro-death MST1 signaling is activated at these later times. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1743-422X-11-160) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Luis M Schang
- Department of Biochemistry and Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Diseases (CPPFD), University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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24
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Pro-apoptotic BIM is an essential initiator of physiological endothelial cell death independent of regulation by FOXO3. Cell Death Differ 2014; 21:1687-95. [PMID: 24971484 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2014.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The growth of new blood vessels by angiogenesis is essential for normal development, but can also cause or contribute to the pathology of numerous diseases. Recent studies have shown that BIM, a pro-apoptotic BCL2-family protein, is required for endothelial cell apoptosis in vivo, and can contribute to the anti-angiogenic effect of VEGF-A inhibitors in certain tumor models. Despite its importance, the extent to which BIM is autonomously required for physiological endothelial apoptosis remains unknown and its regulation under such conditions is poorly defined. While the transcription factor FOXO3 has been proposed to induce Bim in response to growth factor withdrawal, evidence for this function is circumstantial. We report that apoptosis was reduced in Bim(-/-) primary endothelial cells, demonstrating a cell-autonomous role for BIM in endothelial death following serum and growth factor withdrawal. In conflict with in vitro studies, BIM-dependent endothelial death in vivo did not require FOXO3. Moreover, endothelial apoptosis proceeded normally in mice lacking FOXO-binding sites in the Bim promoter. Bim mRNA was upregulated in endothelial cells starved of serum and growth factors and this was accompanied by the downregulation of miRNAs of the miR-17∼92 cluster. Bim mRNA levels were also elevated in miR-17∼92(+/-) endothelial cells cultured under steady-state conditions, suggesting that miR-17∼92 cluster miRNAs may contribute to regulating overall Bim mRNA levels in endothelial cells.
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Fang WH, Wang Q, Li HM, Ahmed M, Kumar P, Kumar S. PAX3 in neuroblastoma: oncogenic potential, chemosensitivity and signalling pathways. J Cell Mol Med 2013; 18:38-48. [PMID: 24188742 PMCID: PMC3916116 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor PAX3/Pax3 contributes to diverse cell lineages during embryonic development and is important in tumourigenesis. We found that PAX3 is re-expressed in neuroblastoma and malignant neuroblastic (N-type) neuroblastoma cells had significantly higher PAX3 protein expression than their benign substrate-adherent (S-type) counterparts. Knock-down of PAX3 expression by siRNA transfection resulted in persistent cell growth inhibition in both types of neuroblastoma cell, owing to G1 cell cycle arrest and progressive apoptosis. Inhibition of PAX3 expression significantly decreased the attachment of S-type SH-EP1 cells to extra-cellular matrix proteins, fibronectin, laminin and collagen IV. Migration and invasion of both neuroblastoma cell types were markedly reduced after PAX3 down-regulation. PAX3 knock-down significantly augmented the cytotoxic effect of chemotherapeutic agents, etoposide, vincristine and cisplatin, commonly used to treat neuroblastoma. Microarray analyses revealed that particularly signalling pathways involving cell cycle, apoptosis, cell adhesion, cytoskeletal remodelling and development were altered by PAX3 down-regulation. Changes in PAX3 downstream genes identified by microarray analyses were validated in 47 genes by quantitative PCR. These novel findings lead us to propose that PAX3 might contribute to oncogenic characteristics of neuroblastoma cells by regulating a variety of crucial signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hui Fang
- Institute of Inflammation and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Human Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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26
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Abstract
At least 468 individual genes have been manipulated by molecular methods to study their effects on the initiation, promotion, and progression of atherosclerosis. Most clinicians and many investigators, even in related disciplines, find many of these genes and the related pathways entirely foreign. Medical schools generally do not attempt to incorporate the relevant molecular biology into their curriculum. A number of key signaling pathways are highly relevant to atherogenesis and are presented to provide a context for the gene manipulations summarized herein. The pathways include the following: the insulin receptor (and other receptor tyrosine kinases); Ras and MAPK activation; TNF-α and related family members leading to activation of NF-κB; effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on signaling; endothelial adaptations to flow including G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) and integrin-related signaling; activation of endothelial and other cells by modified lipoproteins; purinergic signaling; control of leukocyte adhesion to endothelium, migration, and further activation; foam cell formation; and macrophage and vascular smooth muscle cell signaling related to proliferation, efferocytosis, and apoptosis. This review is intended primarily as an introduction to these key signaling pathways. They have become the focus of modern atherosclerosis research and will undoubtedly provide a rich resource for future innovation toward intervention and prevention of the number one cause of death in the modern world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul N Hopkins
- Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
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27
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Metal allergens nickel and cobalt facilitate TLR4 homodimerization independently of MD2. EMBO Rep 2012; 13:1109-15. [PMID: 23059983 DOI: 10.1038/embor.2012.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Revised: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of contact allergy requires cooperation of adaptive and innate immunity. Ni(2+) stimulates innate immunity via TLR4/MD2, the bacterial LPS receptor. This likely involves receptor dimerization, but direct proof is pending and it is unclear if related haptens share this mechanism. We reveal Co(2+) as second metal stimulating TLR4 and confirm necessity of H456/H458 therein. Experiments with a new TLR4 dimerization mutant established dimerization as a mechanism of metal- and LPS-induced TLR4 activation. Yet, in interaction studies only LPS- but not metal-induced dimerization required MD2. Consistently, soluble TLR4 expressed without MD2 inhibited metal- but not LPS-induced responses, opening new therapeutic perspectives.
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28
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Abstract
Blood vessels form the first organ in the developing embryo and build extensive networks that supply all cells with nutrients and oxygen throughout life. As blood vessels get older, they often become abnormal in structure and function, thereby contributing to numerous age-associated diseases including ischemic heart and brain disease, neurodegeneration, or cancer. First described as regulators of the aging process in invertebrate model organisms, Forkhead box "O" (FOXO) transcription factors and sirtuin deacetylases are now emerging as key regulators of mammalian vascular development and disease. The integration of individual FOXO and sirtuin family members into various aspects of vessel growth, maintenance, and function provides new perspectives on disease mechanisms of aging, the most important risk factor for medical maladies of the vascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark F Oellerich
- Vascular Epigenetics Group, Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center for Molecular Medicine, Frankfurt, Germany
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Luron L, Saliba D, Blazek K, Lanfrancotti A, Udalova IA. FOXO3 as a new IKK-ε-controlled check-point of regulation of IFN-β expression. Eur J Immunol 2012; 42:1030-7. [PMID: 22531926 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201141969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cell survival transcription factor FOXO3 has been recently implicated in moderating pro-inflammatory cytokine production by dendritic cells (DCs), but the molecular mechanisms are unclear. It was suggested that FOXO3 could antagonize NF-κB activity, while IKK-β was demonstrated to inactivate FOXO3, suggesting a cross-talk between the two pathways. Therefore, FOXO3 activity must be tightly regulated to allow for an appropriate inflammatory response. Here, we show that in human monocyte-derived DCs (MDDCs), FOXO3 is able to antagonize signaling intermediates downstream of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4, such as NF-κB and interferon regulatory factors (IRFs), resulting in inhibition of interferon (IFN)-β expression. We also demonstrate that the activity of FOXO3 itself is regulated by IKK-ε, a kinase involved in IFN-β production, which phosphorylates and inactivates FOXO3 in response to TLR4 agonists. Thus, we identify FOXO3 as a new IKK-ε-controlled check-point of IRF activation and regulation of IFN-β expression, providing new insight into the role of FOXO3 in immune response control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Luron
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, United Kingdom.
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30
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FoxO3A promotes metabolic adaptation to hypoxia by antagonizing Myc function. EMBO J 2012; 30:4554-70. [PMID: 21915097 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2011.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2011] [Accepted: 08/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure of metazoan organisms to hypoxia engages a metabolic switch orchestrated by the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1). HIF-1 mediates induction of glycolysis and active repression of mitochondrial respiration that reduces oxygen consumption and inhibits the production of potentially harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here, we show that FoxO3A is activated in hypoxia downstream of HIF-1 and mediates the hypoxic repression of a set of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes. FoxO3A is required for hypoxic suppression of mitochondrial mass, oxygen consumption, and ROS production and promotes cell survival in hypoxia. FoxO3A is recruited to the promoters of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes where it directly antagonizes c-Myc function via a mechanism that does not require binding to the consensus FoxO recognition element. Furthermore, we show that FoxO3A is activated in human hypoxic tumour tissue in vivo and that FoxO3A short-hairpin RNA (shRNA)-expressing xenograft tumours are decreased in size and metabolically changed. Our findings define a novel mechanism by which FoxO3A promotes metabolic adaptation and stress resistance in hypoxia.
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31
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Diebold I, Petry A, Burger M, Hess J, Görlach A. NOX4 mediates activation of FoxO3a and matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression by urotensin-II. Mol Biol Cell 2011; 22:4424-34. [PMID: 21965295 PMCID: PMC3216667 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e10-12-0971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study identified matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2) as a novel target gene of Forkhead box O transcription factor FoxO3a in the response to urotensin-II and the NADPH oxidase NOX4 and showed that FoxO3a activated by this pathway promotes vascular growth in vitro and in vivo. The vasoactive peptide urotensin-II (U-II) has been associated with vascular remodeling in different cardiovascular disorders. Although U-II can induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) by the NADPH oxidase NOX4 and stimulate smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation, the precise mechanisms linking U-II to vascular remodeling processes remain unclear. Forkhead Box O (FoxO) transcription factors have been associated with redox signaling and control of proliferation and apoptosis. We thus hypothesized that FoxOs are involved in the SMC response toward U-II and NOX4. We found that U-II and NOX4 stimulated FoxO activity and identified matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2) as target gene of FoxO3a. FoxO3a activation by U-II was preceded by NOX4-dependent phosphorylation of c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase and 14-3-3 and decreased interaction of FoxO3a with its inhibitor 14-3-3, allowing MMP2 transcription. Functional studies in FoxO3a-depleted SMCs and in FoxO3a–/– mice showed that FoxO3a was important for basal and U-II–stimulated proliferation and vascular outgrowth, whereas treatment with an MMP2 inhibitor blocked these responses. Our study identified U-II and NOX4 as new activators of FoxO3a, and MMP2 as a novel target gene of FoxO3a, and showed that activation of FoxO3a by this pathway promotes vascular growth. FoxO3a may thus contribute to progression of cardiovascular diseases associated with vascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Diebold
- Experimental and Molecular Pediatric Cardiology, Pediatric Cardiology and Congenital Heart Disease, German Heart Center Munich at the Technical University Munich, 80636 Munich, Germany
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Hwang JW, Rajendrasozhan S, Yao H, Chung S, Sundar IK, Huyck HL, Pryhuber GS, Kinnula VL, Rahman I. FOXO3 deficiency leads to increased susceptibility to cigarette smoke-induced inflammation, airspace enlargement, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 187:987-98. [PMID: 21690325 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1001861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Forkhead box class O 3a (FOXO3) is a member of the FoxO transcription factor subfamily, which regulates the expression of target genes not only through DNA binding as a transcription factor, but also through protein-protein interaction. Although FoxO3 is a well-known transcription factor involved in diverse biological processes, the role of FoxO3 in cigarette smoke (CS)-induced lung inflammation and injury has not been studied. It is, therefore, hypothesized that deficiency of FoxO3 leads to increased susceptibility to CS-induced lung inflammatory response and airspace enlargement. In this article, we show that the levels of FOXO3 are significantly decreased in lungs of smokers and patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, as well as in lungs of mice exposed to CS. Genetic ablation of FoxO3 led to pulmonary emphysema and exaggerated inflammatory response in lungs of mice exposed to CS. We further showed that CS induced the translocation of FoxO3 into the nucleus where FoxO3 interacted with NF-κB and disrupted NF-κB DNA-binding ability, leading to inhibition of its activity. Targeted disruption of FoxO3 also resulted in downregulation of antioxidant genes in mouse lungs in response to CS exposure. These results suggest that FoxO3 plays a pivotal role in regulation of lung inflammatory response and antioxidant genes, and deficiency of FoxO3 results in development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease/emphysema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-woong Hwang
- Lung Biology and Disease Program, Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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Valis K, Prochazka L, Boura E, Chladova J, Obsil T, Rohlena J, Truksa J, Dong LF, Ralph SJ, Neuzil J. Hippo/Mst1 stimulates transcription of the proapoptotic mediator NOXA in a FoxO1-dependent manner. Cancer Res 2011; 71:946-54. [PMID: 21245099 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-2203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The proapoptotic protein Noxa, a member of the BH3-only Bcl-2 protein family, can effectively induce apoptosis in cancer cells, although the relevant regulatory pathways have been obscure. Previous studies of the cytotoxic effects of α-tocopheryl succinate (α-TOS) on cancer cells identified a mechanism whereby α-TOS caused apoptosis requiring the Noxa-Bak axis. In the present study, ab initio analysis revealed a conserved FoxO-binding site (DBE; DAF-16 binding element) in the NOXA promoter, and specific affinity of FoxO proteins to this DBE was confirmed by fluorescence anisotropy. FoxO1 and FoxO3a proteins accumulated in the nucleus of α-TOS-treated cells, and the drug-induced specific FoxO1 association with the NOXA promoter and its activation were validated by chromatin immunoprecipitation. Using siRNA knockdown, a specific role for the FoxO1 protein in activating NOXA transcription in cancer cells was identified. Furthermore, the proapoptotic kinase Hippo/Mst1 was found to be strongly activated by α-TOS, and inhibiting Hippo/Mst1 by specific siRNA prevented phosphorylation of FoxO1 and its nuclear translocation, thereby reducing levels of NOXA transcription and apoptosis in cancer cells exposed to α-TOS. Thus, we have demonstrated that anticancer drugs, exemplified by α-TOS, induce apoptosis by a mechanism involving the Hippo/Mst1-FoxO1-Noxa pathway. We propose that activation of this pathway provides a new paradigm for developing targeted cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karel Valis
- Molecular Therapy Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic.
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34
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Crucial role for human Toll-like receptor 4 in the development of contact allergy to nickel. Nat Immunol 2010; 11:814-9. [PMID: 20711192 DOI: 10.1038/ni.1919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 406] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2010] [Accepted: 07/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Allergies to nickel (Ni(2+)) are the most frequent cause of contact hypersensitivity (CHS) in industrialized countries. The efficient development of CHS requires both a T lymphocyte-specific signal and a proinflammatory signal. Here we show that Ni(2+) triggered an inflammatory response by directly activating human Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Ni(2+)-induced TLR4 activation was species-specific, as mouse TLR4 could not generate this response. Studies with mutant TLR4 proteins revealed that the non-conserved histidines 456 and 458 of human TLR4 are required for activation by Ni(2+) but not by the natural ligand lipopolysaccharide. Accordingly, transgenic expression of human TLR4 in TLR4-deficient mice allowed efficient sensitization to Ni(2+) and elicitation of CHS. Our data implicate site-specific human TLR4 inhibition as a potential strategy for therapeutic intervention in CHS that would not affect vital immune responses.
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