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Müller T, Krieg N, Lange-Polovinkin AI, Wissuwa B, Gräler MH, Dennhardt S, Coldewey SM. Deletion of Sphingosine Kinase 2 Attenuates Acute Kidney Injury in Mice with Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7683. [PMID: 39062926 PMCID: PMC11277509 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Typical hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) can occur as a severe systemic complication of infections with Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli. Its pathology can be induced by Stx types, resulting in toxin-mediated damage to renal barriers, inflammation, and the development of acute kidney injury (AKI). Two sphingosine kinase (SphK) isozymes, SphK1 and SphK2, have been shown to be involved in barrier maintenance and renal inflammatory diseases. Therefore, we sought to determine their role in the pathogenesis of HUS. Experimental HUS was induced by the repeated administration of Stx2 in wild-type (WT) and SphK1 (SphK1-/-) or SphK2 (SphK2-/-) null mutant mice. Disease severity was evaluated by assessing clinical symptoms, renal injury and dysfunction, inflammatory status and sphingolipid levels on day 5 of HUS development. Renal inflammation and injury were found to be attenuated in the SphK2-/- mice, but exacerbated in the SphK1-/- mice compared to the WT mice. The divergent outcome appeared to be associated with oppositely altered sphingolipid levels. This study represents the first description of the distinct roles of SphK1-/- and SphK2-/- in the pathogenesis of HUS. The identification of sphingolipid metabolism as a potential target for HUS therapy represents a significant advance in the field of HUS research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Müller
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany; (T.M.); (N.K.)
- ZIK Septomics Research Center, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Nadine Krieg
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany; (T.M.); (N.K.)
- ZIK Septomics Research Center, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Antonia I. Lange-Polovinkin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany; (T.M.); (N.K.)
- ZIK Septomics Research Center, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Bianka Wissuwa
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany; (T.M.); (N.K.)
- ZIK Septomics Research Center, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Markus H. Gräler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany; (T.M.); (N.K.)
- Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB) and Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Sophie Dennhardt
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany; (T.M.); (N.K.)
- ZIK Septomics Research Center, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Sina M. Coldewey
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany; (T.M.); (N.K.)
- ZIK Septomics Research Center, Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care (CSCC), Jena University Hospital, 07743 Jena, Germany
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Sukocheva OA, Neganova ME, Aleksandrova Y, Burcher JT, Chugunova E, Fan R, Tse E, Sethi G, Bishayee A, Liu J. Signaling controversy and future therapeutical perspectives of targeting sphingolipid network in cancer immune editing and resistance to tumor necrosis factor-α immunotherapy. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:251. [PMID: 38698424 PMCID: PMC11064425 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01626-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Anticancer immune surveillance and immunotherapies trigger activation of cytotoxic cytokine signaling, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) pathways. The pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α may be secreted by stromal cells, tumor-associated macrophages, and by cancer cells, indicating a prominent role in the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, tumors manage to adapt, escape immune surveillance, and ultimately develop resistance to the cytotoxic effects of TNF-α. The mechanisms by which cancer cells evade host immunity is a central topic of current cancer research. Resistance to TNF-α is mediated by diverse molecular mechanisms, such as mutation or downregulation of TNF/TRAIL receptors, as well as activation of anti-apoptotic enzymes and transcription factors. TNF-α signaling is also mediated by sphingosine kinases (SphK1 and SphK2), which are responsible for synthesis of the growth-stimulating phospholipid, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). Multiple studies have demonstrated the crucial role of S1P and its transmembrane receptors (S1PR) in both the regulation of inflammatory responses and progression of cancer. Considering that the SphK/S1P/S1PR axis mediates cancer resistance, this sphingolipid signaling pathway is of mechanistic significance when considering immunotherapy-resistant malignancies. However, the exact mechanism by which sphingolipids contribute to the evasion of immune surveillance and abrogation of TNF-α-induced apoptosis remains largely unclear. This study reviews mechanisms of TNF-α-resistance in cancer cells, with emphasis on the pro-survival and immunomodulatory effects of sphingolipids. Inhibition of SphK/S1P-linked pro-survival branch may facilitate reactivation of the pro-apoptotic TNF superfamily effects, although the role of SphK/S1P inhibitors in the regulation of the TME and lymphocyte trafficking should be thoroughly assessed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga A Sukocheva
- Department of Hepatology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
| | - Margarita E Neganova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds at Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russian Federation
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Federal Research Center, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Yulia Aleksandrova
- Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds at Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russian Federation
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Federal Research Center, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Jack T Burcher
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL, 34211, USA
| | - Elena Chugunova
- Arbuzov Institute of Organic and Physical Chemistry, Federal Research Center, Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, 420088, Russian Federation
| | - Ruitai Fan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Edmund Tse
- Department of Hepatology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL, 34211, USA.
| | - Junqi Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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Ran D, Yan W, Yanhong B, Hong W. Geniposide augments apoptosis in fibroblast-like synoviocytes by restoring hypoxia-enhanced JNK-BNIP3-mediated autophagy. Inflamm Res 2023; 72:1745-1760. [PMID: 37624402 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-023-01782-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the main effector cells of chronic inflammation and hyperplasia of synovium, fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) show abnormal proliferation and insufficient apoptosis in the hypoxic microenvironment, which is due to the increase of BNIP3-mediated autophagy. This study aimed to explore the mechanism of geniposide (GE) on hypoxia-induced hyper-proliferative FLSs with a focus on autophagy and the JNK-BNIP3 pathway. METHODS The dynamic changes of autophagy, apoptosis, and hypoxia-related proteins in adjuvant arthritis (AA) rats were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. The proliferation, autophagy, apoptosis, and mitochondrial state of FLSs were detected by CCK-8, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. Western blot, qRT-PCR, and co-immunoprecipitation were used to detect the expression of the JNK-BNIP3 pathway. RESULTS The excessive accumulation of BNIP3 in the synovium of AA rats was accompanied by inhibition of apoptosis and an increase in autophagy. GE inhibited the expression of BNIP3, enhanced apoptosis, decreased autophagy, and improved chronic inflammation and hyperplasia of synovium. The amount of autophagy under different oxygen concentrations was the key to mediating the different survival rates of FLSs, and the inhibition of autophagy triggered apoptosis. GE suppressed the proliferation of FLSs and down-regulated autophagy, leading to the accumulation of ROS and the decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential, induced the increase of apoptosis, and suppressed the accumulation of BNIP3 and the hyperphosphorylation of JNK. CONCLUSION GE inhibited autophagy by restoring the hypoxia-induced activated JNK-BNIP3 pathway, inducing mitochondrial oxidative damage, augmented apoptosis, and decreased survival rate of FLSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng Ran
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230012, China
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Wang Yan
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230012, China
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Qian Jiang Road 1, Hefei, 230012, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research &, Developmentof Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Bu Yanhong
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230012, China
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Qian Jiang Road 1, Hefei, 230012, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research &, Developmentof Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Wu Hong
- Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine, Ministry of Education, Hefei, 230012, China.
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Qian Jiang Road 1, Hefei, 230012, China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research &, Developmentof Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China.
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Sphingosine Kinase 1 Plays an Important Role in Atorvastatin-Mediated Anti-Inflammatory Effect against Acute Lung Injury. Mediators Inflamm 2022; 2021:9247285. [PMID: 34970075 PMCID: PMC8714370 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9247285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Atorvastatin is a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA reductase) inhibitor and inhibits cholesterol synthesis. Recently, atorvastatin also showed anti-inflammatory effect in acute lung injury, ameliorating pulmonary gas-blood exchanging function. Sphingosine kinase 1 plays a central role in endothelial (EC) cytoskeleton rearrangement and EC barrier integrity regulation. In this study, the role of sphingosine kinase 1 in atorvastatin anti-inflammatory effect against acute lung injury was investigated. Both wild-type (WT) and SphK1-/- mice were challenged with high tidal volume ventilation (40 ml/kg body weight, 65 breathing/min, 4 hours). The acute lung injury was evaluated and the mechanisms were explored. In WT mice, atorvastatin treatment significantly decreased acute lung injury responding to high tidal volume ventilation (HT), including protein, cellular infiltration, and cytokine releasing; comparing to WT mice, SphK1-/- mice showed significantly worsen pulmonary injuries on HT model. Moreover, the atorvastatin-mediated anti-inflammatory effect was diminished in SphK1-/- mice. To further confirm the role of SphK1 in VILI, we then compared the inflammatory response of endothelial cells that were isolated from WT and SphK1-/- mice to cyclic stretching. Similarly, atorvastatin significantly decreased cytokine generation from WT EC responding to cyclic stretching. Atorvastatin also significantly preserved endothelial junction integrity in WT EC against thrombin challenge. However, the inhibitory effect of atorvastatin on cytokine generation induced by cyclic stretching was abolished on SphK1-/- mice EC. The endothelial junction integrity effects of atorvastatin also diminished on SphK1-/- mouse EC. Signal analysis indicated that atorvastatin inhibited JNK activation induced by cyclic stretch. SphK1 knockout also blocked atorvastatin-mediated VE-cadherin junction enhancement. In summary, by inhibition of MAPK activity and maintenance of EC junction homeostasis, SphK1 plays a critical role in atorvastatin-mediated anti-inflammatory effects in both cellular and in vivo model. This study also offers an insight into mechanical stress-mediated acute lung injury and potential therapy in the future.
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Hutami IR, Izawa T, Khurel-Ochir T, Sakamaki T, Iwasa A, Tanaka E. Macrophage Motility in Wound Healing Is Regulated by HIF-1α via S1P Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168992. [PMID: 34445695 PMCID: PMC8396560 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that the molecular pathways mediating wound healing induce cell migration and localization of cytokines to sites of injury. Macrophages are immune cells that sense and actively respond to disturbances in tissue homeostasis by initiating, and subsequently resolving, inflammation. Hypoxic conditions generated at a wound site also strongly recruit macrophages and affect their function. Hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α is a transcription factor that contributes to both glycolysis and the induction of inflammatory genes, while also being critical for macrophage activation. For the latter, HIF-1α regulates sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) to affect the migration, activation, differentiation, and polarization of macrophages. Recently, S1P and HIF-1α have received much attention, and various studies have been performed to investigate their roles in initiating and resolving inflammation via macrophages. It is hypothesized that the HIF-1α/S1P/S1P receptor axis is an important determinant of macrophage function under inflammatory conditions and during disease pathogenesis. Therefore, in this review, biological regulation of monocytes/macrophages in response to circulating HIF-1α is summarized, including signaling by S1P/S1P receptors, which have essential roles in wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islamy Rahma Hutami
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan; (I.R.H.); (T.K.-O.); (T.S.); (A.I.); (E.T.)
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Sultan Agung Islamic University, Semarang 50112, Indonesia
| | - Takashi Izawa
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan; (I.R.H.); (T.K.-O.); (T.S.); (A.I.); (E.T.)
- Department of Orthodontics, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8525, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-86-235-6691; Fax: +81-88-235-6694
| | - Tsendsuren Khurel-Ochir
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan; (I.R.H.); (T.K.-O.); (T.S.); (A.I.); (E.T.)
| | - Takuma Sakamaki
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan; (I.R.H.); (T.K.-O.); (T.S.); (A.I.); (E.T.)
| | - Akihiko Iwasa
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan; (I.R.H.); (T.K.-O.); (T.S.); (A.I.); (E.T.)
| | - Eiji Tanaka
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan; (I.R.H.); (T.K.-O.); (T.S.); (A.I.); (E.T.)
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Shen X, Zhang L, Jiang L, Xiong W, Tang Y, Lin L, Yu T. Alteration of sphingosine-1-phosphate with aging induces contractile dysfunction of colonic smooth muscle cells via Ca 2+ -activated K + channel (BK Ca ) upregulation. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2021; 33:e14052. [PMID: 33452855 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Age-associated changes alter calcium-activated potassium channel (BKCa ) expression of colon. Sphingolipids (SLs) are important cell membrane structural components; altered composition of SLs may affect BKCa expression. This study investigated the mechanism by which sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) contributes to age-associated contractile dysfunction. METHODS Fifty male Sprague Dawley rats of different ages were randomly assigned to five age-groups, namely 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. BKCa expression, S1P levels, and phosphorylated myosin light chain (p-MLC) levels were tested in colonic tissues. In the absence and presence of S1P treatment, BKCa expression, p-MLC levels, and intracellular calcium mobilization were tested in vitro. BKCa small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to investigate whether p-MLC expression and calcium mobilization were affected by BKCa in colonic smooth muscle cells (SMCs). The expressions of phosphorylated protein kinase B, c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs), extracellular-regulated protein kinases, nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), and protein kinase Cζ (PKCζ ) were examined to investigate the correlation between S1P and BKCa . KEY RESULTS Sphingosine-1-phosphate levels and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2) and BKCa expressions were upregulated and p-MLC expression was downregulated in the colonic tissues, age dependently. In the cultured SMCs, S1P treatment increased BKCa expression and reduced calcium concentration and p-MLC was observed. BKCa siRNA increased calcium concentration, and p-MLC levels significantly compared with control. We also showed that S1P upregulated BKCa through PKCζ , JNK, and NF-κB pathways. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES In conclusion, S1P and S1PR2 participate in age-associated contractile dysfunction via BKCa upregulation through PKCζ , JNK, and NF-κB pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjie Xiong
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yurong Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Climent M, Viggiani G, Chen YW, Coulis G, Castaldi A. MicroRNA and ROS Crosstalk in Cardiac and Pulmonary Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124370. [PMID: 32575472 PMCID: PMC7352701 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) affect many cellular functions and the proper redox balance between ROS and antioxidants contributes substantially to the physiological welfare of the cell. During pathological conditions, an altered redox equilibrium leads to increased production of ROS that in turn may cause oxidative damage. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level contributing to all major cellular processes, including oxidative stress and cell death. Several miRNAs are expressed in response to ROS to mediate oxidative stress. Conversely, oxidative stress may lead to the upregulation of miRNAs that control mechanisms to buffer the damage induced by ROS. This review focuses on the complex crosstalk between miRNAs and ROS in diseases of the cardiac (i.e., cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure, myocardial infarction, ischemia/reperfusion injury, diabetic cardiomyopathy) and pulmonary (i.e., idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer) compartments. Of note, miR-34a, miR-144, miR-421, miR-129, miR-181c, miR-16, miR-31, miR-155, miR-21, and miR-1/206 were found to play a role during oxidative stress in both heart and lung pathologies. This review comprehensively summarizes current knowledge in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Climent
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center—IRCCS, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, MI, Italy;
| | - Giacomo Viggiani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20090 Pieve Emanuele, MI, Italy;
| | - Ya-Wen Chen
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research and Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA;
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Gerald Coulis
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, and Institute for Immunology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA;
| | - Alessandra Castaldi
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research and Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA;
- Correspondence:
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Inhibition of SphK2 Stimulated Hepatic Gluconeogenesis Associated with Dephosphorylation and Deacetylation of STAT3. Arch Med Res 2018; 49:335-341. [PMID: 30448236 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sphingosine kinase (SphK) is considered as a potential target for developing novel therapeutics of cancer and other diseases including diabetes. As the major SphK isoform in the liver, much less is known the role of SphK2 involved in regulating hepatic glucose metabolism. METHOD In this study, RNA interference, real time RT-PCR, western blot and immunoprecipitation method was used to investigate the regulation of SphK2 in hepatic glucose metabolism. RESULTS Both siRNA and SphK2 inhibitor ABC294640 stimulated expression of gluconeogenetic gene PEPCK and G6Pase but not enzymes of hepatic glycogenolysis, glycolysis and glycogen synthesis. Inhibition of SphK2 also prevented insulin repressed PEPCK and G6Pase expression as well as glucose production levels. Furtherly, inhibition of SphK2 inactivated STAT3 by decreasing both phosphorylation on Tyr705 and acetylation on lysine residue, and led to stimulation of PEPCK and G6Pase expression. Inhibition of SphK2 also prevented IL-6 dependent activation of STAT3 and suppression of PEPCK and G6pase expression both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that SphK2 participates in hepatic glucose metabolism related to activation of STAT3.
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Korbecki J, Gutowska I, Kojder I, Jeżewski D, Goschorska M, Łukomska A, Lubkowska A, Chlubek D, Baranowska-Bosiacka I. New extracellular factors in glioblastoma multiforme development: neurotensin, growth differentiation factor-15, sphingosine-1-phosphate and cytomegalovirus infection. Oncotarget 2018; 9:7219-7270. [PMID: 29467963 PMCID: PMC5805549 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent years have seen considerable progress in understanding the biochemistry of cancer. For example, more significance is now assigned to the tumor microenvironment, especially with regard to intercellular signaling in the tumor niche which depends on many factors secreted by tumor cells. In addition, great progress has been made in understanding the influence of factors such as neurotensin, growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), and infection with cytomegalovirus (CMV) on the 'hallmarks of cancer' in glioblastoma multiforme. Therefore, in the present work we describe the influence of these factors on the proliferation and apoptosis of neoplastic cells, cancer stem cells, angiogenesis, migration and invasion, and cancer immune evasion in a glioblastoma multiforme tumor. In particular, we discuss the effect of neurotensin, GDF-15, S1P (including the drug FTY720), and infection with CMV on tumor-associated macrophages (TAM), microglial cells, neutrophil and regulatory T cells (Treg), on the tumor microenvironment. In order to better understand the role of the aforementioned factors in tumoral processes, we outline the latest models of intratumoral heterogeneity in glioblastoma multiforme. Based on the most recent reports, we discuss the problems of multi-drug therapy in treating glioblastoma multiforme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Korbecki
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bielsko-Biała, 43-309 Bielsko-Biała, Poland
| | - Izabela Gutowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ireneusz Kojder
- Department of Applied Neurocognitivistics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland.,Department of Neurosurgery, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dariusz Jeżewski
- Department of Applied Neurocognitivistics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland.,Department of Neurosurgery, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marta Goschorska
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Łukomska
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anna Lubkowska
- Department of Functional Diagnostics and Physical Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dariusz Chlubek
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
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DUSP1 regulates apoptosis and cell migration, but not the JIP1-protected cytokine response, during Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Sendai Virus infection. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17388. [PMID: 29234123 PMCID: PMC5727028 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17689-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The host antiviral response involves the induction of interferons and proinflammatory cytokines, but also the activation of cell death pathways, including apoptosis, to limit viral replication and spreading. This host defense is strictly regulated to eliminate the infection while limiting tissue damage that is associated with virus pathogenesis. Post-translational modifications, most notably phosphorylation, are key regulators of the antiviral defense implying an important role of protein phosphatases. Here, we investigated the role of the dual-specificity phosphatase 1 (DUSP1) in the host defense against human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), a pathogenic virus of the Pneumoviridae family, and Sendai virus (SeV), a model virus being developed as a vector for anti-RSV vaccine. We found that DUSP1 is upregulated before being subjected to proteasomal degradation. DUSP1 does not inhibit the antiviral response, but negatively regulates virus-induced JNK/p38 MAPK phosphorylation. Interaction with the JNK-interacting protein 1 scaffold protein prevents dephosphorylation of JNK by DUSP1, likely explaining that AP-1 activation and downstream cytokine production are protected from DUSP1 inhibition. Importantly, DUSP1 promotes SeV-induced apoptosis and suppresses cell migration in RSV-infected cells. Collectively, our data unveils a previously unrecognized selective role of DUSP1 in the regulation of tissue damage and repair during infections by RSV and SeV.
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Linderman JA, Kobayashi M, Rayannavar V, Fak JJ, Darnell RB, Chao MV, Wilson AC, Mohr I. Immune Escape via a Transient Gene Expression Program Enables Productive Replication of a Latent Pathogen. Cell Rep 2017; 18:1312-1323. [PMID: 28147283 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
How type I and II interferons prevent periodic reemergence of latent pathogens in tissues of diverse cell types remains unknown. Using homogeneous neuron cultures latently infected with herpes simplex virus 1, we show that extrinsic type I or II interferon acts directly on neurons to induce unique gene expression signatures and inhibit the reactivation-specific burst of viral genome-wide transcription called phase I. Surprisingly, interferons suppressed reactivation only during a limited period early in phase I preceding productive virus growth. Sensitivity to type II interferon was selectively lost if viral ICP0, which normally accumulates later in phase I, was expressed before reactivation. Thus, interferons suppress reactivation by preventing initial expression of latent genomes but are ineffective once phase I viral proteins accumulate, limiting interferon action. This demonstrates that inducible reactivation from latency is only transiently sensitive to interferon. Moreover, it illustrates how latent pathogens escape host immune control to periodically replicate by rapidly deploying an interferon-resistant state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Linderman
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Ave., New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Mariko Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology & Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave., Box 226, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Vinayak Rayannavar
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Ave., New York, NY 10016, USA; Kimmel Center for Biology & Medicine at the Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Ave., New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - John J Fak
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology & Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave., Box 226, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Robert B Darnell
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology & Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave., Box 226, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Moses V Chao
- Department of Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Ave., New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Physiology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Ave., New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Neuroscience, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Ave., New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Ave., New York, NY 10016, USA; Kimmel Center for Biology & Medicine at the Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Ave., New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Angus C Wilson
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Ave., New York, NY 10016, USA; Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center at NYU Medical Center, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Ave., New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Ian Mohr
- Department of Microbiology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Ave., New York, NY 10016, USA; Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center at NYU Medical Center, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Ave., New York, NY 10016, USA.
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12
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ROS feedback regulates the microRNA-19-targeted inhibition of the p47phox-mediated LPS-induced inflammatory response. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 489:361-368. [PMID: 28479245 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS), pathogenesis is associated with the regulation of macrophage-generated oxidative stress, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX)-derived reactive oxygen species(ROS) are key to regulating oxidative stress. In the present study, we found that miR-19 inhibited the expression of p47phox in macrophages, resulting in the alleviation of the lipopolysaccharides(LPS)-induced inflammatory response. In a mouse LPS-induced model of lung injury, miR-19-deficient murine lung tissue was more susceptible to inflammatory responses and exhibited a higher infiltration rate, a higher number of inflammatory cells in the lungs, a higher level of inflammatory cytokines in the Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and more severe pathological damage in lung tissues. Moreover, following stimulation with LPS, p47phox was expressed at lower levels in miR-19-deficient murine pulmonary inflammatory cells than in those in wild-type rats. In LPS-treated Raw264.7 macrophages, miR-19 mimics blocking the down-regulation of LPS-induced p47phox expression, the accumulation of ROS, and the release of inflammatory cytokines. When siRNA was used to interfere with p47phox expression following stimulation with LPS, a lower level of ROS-mediated inflammatory cytokines were released. We found that the accumulation of ROS inhibited the LPS-induced release of inflammatory cytokines, the upregulation of miR-19 and the down-regulation of LPS-induced p47phox expression. Finally, we constructed a p47phox 3'UTR luciferase reporter plasmid to provide direct confirmation that miR-19 targets p47phox expression. The results of this study indicate the presence of a mechanism by which miR-19 regulates oxidative stress in macrophages. These data also provide potential targets for studies aimed at developing therapies for ARDS.
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13
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Lu H, Fan Y, Qiao C, Liang W, Hu W, Zhu T, Zhang J, Chen YE. TFEB inhibits endothelial cell inflammation and reduces atherosclerosis. Sci Signal 2017; 10:10/464/eaah4214. [PMID: 28143903 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aah4214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factor EB (TFEB) is a master regulator of autophagy and lysosome biogenesis. We investigated the function of TFEB in vascular biology and pathophysiology and demonstrated that TFEB in endothelial cells inhibited inflammation and reduced atherosclerosis development. Laminar shear stress, which protects against atherosclerosis, increased TFEB abundance in cultured primary human endothelial cells. Furthermore, TFEB overexpression in these cells was anti-inflammatory, whereas TFEB knockdown aggravated inflammation. The anti-inflammatory effect of TFEB was, at least, partially due to reduced oxidative stress because TFEB overexpression in endothelial cells decreased the concentrations of reactive oxygen species and increased the expression of the antioxidant genes HO1 (which encodes heme oxygenase 1) and SOD2 (which encodes superoxide dismutase 2). In addition, transgenic mice with endothelial cell-specific expression of TFEB exhibited reduced leukocyte recruitment to endothelial cells and decreased atherosclerosis development. Our study suggests that TFEB is a protective transcription factor against endothelial cell inflammation and a potential target for treating atherosclerosis and associated cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haocheng Lu
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yanbo Fan
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Congzhen Qiao
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Wenying Liang
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Wenting Hu
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Tianqing Zhu
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Y Eugene Chen
- Cardiovascular Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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14
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Dimasi DP, Pitson SM, Bonder CS. Examining the Role of Sphingosine Kinase-2 in the Regulation of Endothelial Cell Barrier Integrity. Microcirculation 2016; 23:248-65. [DOI: 10.1111/micc.12271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David P. Dimasi
- Centre for Cancer Biology; University of South Australia and SA Pathology; Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Stuart M. Pitson
- Centre for Cancer Biology; University of South Australia and SA Pathology; Adelaide South Australia Australia
- School of Medicine; University of Adelaide; Adelaide South Australia Australia
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Adelaide; Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Claudine S. Bonder
- Centre for Cancer Biology; University of South Australia and SA Pathology; Adelaide South Australia Australia
- School of Medicine; University of Adelaide; Adelaide South Australia Australia
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Adelaide; Adelaide South Australia Australia
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15
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Cerutis DR, Weston MD, Alnouti Y, Bathena SP, Nunn ME, Ogunleye AO, McVaney TP, Headen KV, Miyamoto T. A Major Human Oral Lysophosphatidic Acid Species, LPA 18:1, Regulates Novel Genes in Human Gingival Fibroblasts. J Periodontol 2015; 86:713-25. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2015.140592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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16
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Chen J, Tang H, Sysol JR, Moreno-Vinasco L, Shioura KM, Chen T, Gorshkova I, Wang L, Huang LS, Usatyuk PV, Sammani S, Zhou G, Raj JU, Garcia JGN, Berdyshev E, Yuan JXJ, Natarajan V, Machado RF. The sphingosine kinase 1/sphingosine-1-phosphate pathway in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2014; 190:1032-43. [PMID: 25180446 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201401-0121oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Sphingosine kinases (SphKs) 1 and 2 regulate the synthesis of the bioactive sphingolipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), an important lipid mediator that promotes cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. OBJECTIVES We aimed to examine whether SphKs and their product, S1P, play a role in the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). METHODS SphK1(-/-), SphK2(-/-), and S1P lyase heterozygous (Sgpl1(+/-)) mice, a pharmacologic SphK inhibitor (SKI2), and a S1P receptor 2 (S1PR2) antagonist (JTE013) were used in rodent models of hypoxia-mediated pulmonary hypertension (HPH). S1P levels in lung tissues from patients with PAH and pulmonary arteries (PAs) from rodent models of HPH were measured. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS mRNA and protein levels of SphK1, but not SphK2, were significantly increased in the lungs and isolated PA smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) from patients with PAH, and in lungs of experimental rodent models of HPH. S1P levels were increased in lungs of patients with PAH and PAs from rodent models of HPH. Unlike SphK2(-/-) mice, SphK1(-/-) mice were protected against HPH, whereas Sgpl1(+/-) mice were more susceptible to HPH. Pharmacologic SphK1 and S1PR2 inhibition prevented the development of HPH in rodent models of HPH. Overexpression of SphK1 and stimulation with S1P potentially via ligation of S1PR2 promoted PASMC proliferation in vitro, whereas SphK1 deficiency inhibited PASMC proliferation. CONCLUSIONS The SphK1/S1P axis is a novel pathway in PAH that promotes PASMC proliferation, a major contributor to pulmonary vascular remodeling. Our results suggest that this pathway is a potential therapeutic target in PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwang Chen
- 1 Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine
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17
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Münzer P, Schmid E, Walker B, Fotinos A, Chatterjee M, Rath D, Vogel S, Hoffmann SM, Metzger K, Seizer P, Geisler T, Gawaz M, Borst O, Lang F. Sphingosine kinase 1 (Sphk1) negatively regulates platelet activation and thrombus formation. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2014; 307:C920-7. [PMID: 25231106 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00029.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a powerful regulator of platelet formation. Enzymes generating S1P include sphingosine kinase 1. The present study thus explored the role of sphingosine kinase 1 in platelet formation and function. Activation-dependent platelet integrin αIIbβ3 activation and secretion of platelets lacking functional sphingosine kinase 1 (sphk1(-/-)) and of wild-type platelets (sphk1(+/+)) were determined utilizing flow cytometry and chronolume luciferin assay. Cytosolic Ca(2+) activity ([Ca(2+)]i) and aggregation were measured using fura-2 fluorescence and aggregometry, respectively. In vitro platelet adhesion and thrombus formation were evaluated using a flow chamber with shear rates of 1,700 s(-1). Activation-dependent increase of [Ca(2+)]i, degranulation (release of alpha and dense granules), integrin αIIbβ3 activation, and aggregation were all significantly increased in sphk1(-/-) platelets compared with sphk1(+/+) platelets. Moreover, while platelet adhesion and thrombus formation under arterial shear rates were significantly augmented in Sphk1-deficient platelets, bleeding time and blood count were unaffected in sphk1(-/-) mice. In conclusion, sphingosine kinase 1 is a powerful negative regulator of platelet function counteracting degranulation, aggregation, and thrombus formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Münzer
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Evi Schmid
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Britta Walker
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anna Fotinos
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; and
| | - Madhumita Chatterjee
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; and
| | - Dominik Rath
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; and
| | - Sebastian Vogel
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; and
| | - Sascha M Hoffmann
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katja Metzger
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; and
| | - Peter Seizer
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; and
| | - Tobias Geisler
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; and
| | - Meinrad Gawaz
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; and
| | - Oliver Borst
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; and
| | - Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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18
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Thangavel J, Malik AB, Elias HK, Rajasingh S, Simpson AD, Sundivakkam PK, Vogel SM, Xuan YT, Dawn B, Rajasingh J. Combinatorial therapy with acetylation and methylation modifiers attenuates lung vascular hyperpermeability in endotoxemia-induced mouse inflammatory lung injury. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2014; 184:2237-49. [PMID: 24929240 PMCID: PMC4116699 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Impairment of tissue fluid homeostasis and migration of inflammatory cells across the vascular endothelial barrier are crucial factors in the pathogenesis of acute lung injury (ALI). The goal for treatment of ALI is to target pathways that lead to profound dysregulation of the lung endothelial barrier. Although studies have shown that chemical epigenetic modifiers can limit lung inflammation in experimental ALI models, studies to date have not examined efficacy of a combination of DNA methyl transferase inhibitor 5-Aza 2-deoxycytidine and histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A (herein referred to as Aza+TSA) after endotoxemia-induced mouse lung injury. We tested the hypothesis that treatment with Aza+TSA after lipopolysaccharide induction of ALI through epigenetic modification of lung endothelial cells prevents inflammatory lung injury. Combinatorial treatment with Aza+TSA mitigated the increased endothelial permeability response after lipopolysaccharide challenge. In addition, we observed reduced lung inflammation and lung injury. Aza+TSA also significantly reduced mortality in the ALI model. The protection was ascribed to inhibition of the eNOS-Cav1-MLC2 signaling pathway and enhanced acetylation of histone markers on the vascular endothelial-cadherin promoter. In summary, these data show for the first time the efficacy of combinatorial Aza+TSA therapy in preventing ALI in lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxemia and raise the possibility of an essential role of DNA methyl transferase and histone deacetylase in the mechanism of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayakumar Thangavel
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Asrar B Malik
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Harold K Elias
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Sheeja Rajasingh
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Andrew D Simpson
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | | | - Stephen M Vogel
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Yu-Ting Xuan
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Buddhadeb Dawn
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Johnson Rajasingh
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas.
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19
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Maceyka M, Spiegel S. Sphingolipid metabolites in inflammatory disease. Nature 2014; 510:58-67. [PMID: 24899305 DOI: 10.1038/nature13475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 912] [Impact Index Per Article: 91.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids are ubiquitous building blocks of eukaryotic cell membranes. Progress in our understanding of sphingolipid metabolism, state-of-the-art sphingolipidomic approaches and animal models have generated a large body of evidence demonstrating that sphingolipid metabolites, particularly ceramide and sphingosine-1-phosphate, are signalling molecules that regulate a diverse range of cellular processes that are important in immunity, inflammation and inflammatory disorders. Recent insights into the molecular mechanisms of action of sphingolipid metabolites and new perspectives on their roles in regulating chronic inflammation have been reported. The knowledge gained in this emerging field will aid in the development of new therapeutic options for inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Maceyka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia 23298, USA
| | - Sarah Spiegel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia 23298, USA
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20
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Huang LS, Berdyshev E, Mathew B, Fu P, Gorshkova IA, He D, Ma W, Noth I, Ma SF, Pendyala S, Reddy SP, Zhou T, Zhang W, Garzon SA, Garcia JGN, Natarajan V. Targeting sphingosine kinase 1 attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. FASEB J 2013; 27:1749-60. [PMID: 23315259 DOI: 10.1096/fj.12-219634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic and progressive interstitial lung disease, wherein transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) contribute to the pathogenesis of fibrosis. However, the in vivo contribution of sphingosine kinase (SphK) in fibrotic processes has not been documented. Microarray analysis of blood mononuclear cells from patients with IPF and SphK1- or SphK2-knockdown mice and SphK inhibitor were used to assess the role of SphKs in fibrogenesis. The expression of SphK1/2 negatively correlated with lung function and survival in patients with IPF. Also, the expression of SphK1 was increased in lung tissues from patients with IPF and bleomycin-challenged mice. Knockdown of SphK1, but not SphK2, increased survival and resistance to pulmonary fibrosis in bleomycin-challenged mice. Administration of SphK inhibitor reduced bleomycin-induced mortality and pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Knockdown of SphK1 or treatment with SphK inhibitor attenuated S1P generation and TGF-β secretion in a bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis mouse model that was accompanied by reduced phosphorylation of Smad2 and MAPKs in lung tissue. In vitro, bleomycin-induced expression of SphK1 in lung fibroblast was found to be TGF-β dependent. Taken together, these data indicate that SphK1 plays a critical role in the pathology of lung fibrosis and is a novel therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Shuang Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois 60612-7343, USA
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21
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Bruce CR, Risis S, Babb JR, Yang C, Kowalski GM, Selathurai A, Lee-Young RS, Weir JM, Yoshioka K, Takuwa Y, Meikle PJ, Pitson SM, Febbraio MA. Overexpression of sphingosine kinase 1 prevents ceramide accumulation and ameliorates muscle insulin resistance in high-fat diet-fed mice. Diabetes 2012; 61:3148-55. [PMID: 22961081 PMCID: PMC3501880 DOI: 10.2337/db12-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The sphingolipids sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and ceramide are important bioactive lipids with many cellular effects. Intracellular ceramide accumulation causes insulin resistance, but sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) prevents ceramide accumulation, in part, by promoting its metabolism into S1P. Despite this, the role of SphK1 in regulating insulin action has been largely overlooked. Transgenic (Tg) mice that overexpress SphK1 were fed a standard chow or high-fat diet (HFD) for 6 weeks before undergoing several metabolic analyses. SphK1 Tg mice fed an HFD displayed increased SphK activity in skeletal muscle, which was associated with an attenuated intramuscular ceramide accumulation compared with wild-type (WT) littermates. This was associated with a concomitant reduction in the phosphorylation of c-jun amino-terminal kinase, a serine threonine kinase associated with insulin resistance. Accordingly, skeletal muscle and whole-body insulin sensitivity were improved in SphK1 Tg, compared with WT mice, when fed an HFD. We have identified that the enzyme SphK1 is an important regulator of lipid partitioning and insulin action in skeletal muscle under conditions of increased lipid supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clinton R. Bruce
- Cellular and Molecular Metabolism Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Corresponding author: Mark A. Febbraio, , or Clinton R. Bruce,
| | - Steve Risis
- Cellular and Molecular Metabolism Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joanne R. Babb
- Cellular and Molecular Metabolism Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christine Yang
- Cellular and Molecular Metabolism Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Greg M. Kowalski
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ahrathy Selathurai
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robert S. Lee-Young
- Cellular and Molecular Metabolism Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jacquelyn M. Weir
- Lipidomics Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Yoh Takuwa
- Department of Physiology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Peter J. Meikle
- Lipidomics Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stuart M. Pitson
- Molecular Signalling Laboratory, Centre for Cancer Biology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Mark A. Febbraio
- Cellular and Molecular Metabolism Laboratory, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Corresponding author: Mark A. Febbraio, , or Clinton R. Bruce,
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22
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Tauseef M, Knezevic N, Chava KR, Smith M, Sukriti S, Gianaris N, Obukhov AG, Vogel SM, Schraufnagel DE, Dietrich A, Birnbaumer L, Malik AB, Mehta D. TLR4 activation of TRPC6-dependent calcium signaling mediates endotoxin-induced lung vascular permeability and inflammation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 209:1953-68. [PMID: 23045603 PMCID: PMC3478927 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20111355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lung vascular endothelial barrier disruption and the accompanying inflammation are primary pathogenic features of acute lung injury (ALI); however, the basis for the development of both remains unclear. Studies have shown that activation of transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) channels induces Ca(2+) entry, which is essential for increased endothelial permeability. Here, we addressed the role of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) intersection with TRPC6-dependent Ca(2+) signaling in endothelial cells (ECs) in mediating lung vascular leakage and inflammation. We find that the endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide; LPS) induces Ca(2+) entry in ECs in a TLR4-dependent manner. Moreover, deletion of TRPC6 renders mice resistant to endotoxin-induced barrier dysfunction and inflammation, and protects against sepsis-induced lethality. TRPC6 induces Ca(2+) entry in ECs, which is secondary to the generation of diacylglycerol (DAG) induced by LPS. Ca(2+) entry mediated by TRPC6, in turn, activates the nonmuscle myosin light chain kinase (MYLK), which not only increases lung vascular permeability but also serves as a scaffold to promote the interaction of myeloid differentiation factor 88 and IL-1R-associated kinase 4, which are required for NF-κB activation and lung inflammation. Our findings suggest that TRPC6-dependent Ca(2+) entry into ECs, secondary to TLR4-induced DAG generation, participates in mediating both lung vascular barrier disruption and inflammation induced by endotoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Tauseef
- Department of Pharmacology, 2 Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 61605, USA
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Bachmaier K, Guzman E, Kawamura T, Gao X, Malik AB. Sphingosine kinase 1 mediation of expression of the anaphylatoxin receptor C5L2 dampens the inflammatory response to endotoxin. PLoS One 2012; 7:e30742. [PMID: 22355325 PMCID: PMC3280265 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement anaphylatoxin C5a has a pathogenetic role in endotoxin-induced lung inflammatory injury by regulating phagocytic cell migration and activation. Endotoxin and C5a activate the enzyme sphingosine kinase (Sphk) 1 to generate the signaling lipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a critical regulator of phagocyte function. We assessed the function of Sphk1 and S1P in experimental lung inflammatory injury and determined their roles in anaphylatoxin receptor signaling and on the expression of the two C5a receptors, C5aR (CD88) and C5L2, on phagocytes. We report that Sphk1 gene deficient (Sphk1−/−) mice had augmented lung inflammatory response to endotoxin compared to wild type mice. Sphk1 was required for C5a-mediated reduction in cytokine and chemokine production by macrophages. Moreover, neutrophils from Sphk1−/− mice failed to upregulate the anaphylatoxin receptor C5L2 in response to LPS. Exogenous S1P restored C5L2 cell surface expression of Sphk1−/− mouse neutrophils to wild type levels but had no effect on cell surface expression of the other anaphylatoxin receptor, CD88. These results provide the first genetic evidence of the crucial role of Sphk1 in regulating the balance between expression of CD88 and C5L2 in phagocytes. S1P-mediated up-regulation of C5L2 is a novel therapeutic target for mitigating endotoxin-induced lung inflammatory injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Bachmaier
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Center of Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America.
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Loegering DJ, Lennartz MR. Protein kinase C and toll-like receptor signaling. Enzyme Res 2011; 2011:537821. [PMID: 21876792 PMCID: PMC3162977 DOI: 10.4061/2011/537821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2011] [Accepted: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC) is a family of kinases that are implicated in a plethora of diseases, including cancer and cardiovascular disease. PKC isoforms can have different, and sometimes opposing, effects in these disease states. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of pattern recognition receptors that bind pathogens and stimulate the secretion of cytokines. It has long been known that PKC inhibitors reduce LPS-stimulated cytokine secretion by macrophages, linking PKC activation to TLR signaling. Recent studies have shown that PKC-α, -δ, -ε, and -ζ are directly involved in multiple steps in TLR pathways. They associate with the TLR or proximal components of the receptor complex. These isoforms are also involved in the downstream activation of MAPK, RhoA, TAK1, and NF-κB. Thus, PKC activation is intimately involved in TLR signaling and the innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Loegering
- Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY 12208, USA
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Spiegel S, Milstien S. The outs and the ins of sphingosine-1-phosphate in immunity. Nat Rev Immunol 2011; 11:403-15. [PMID: 21546914 DOI: 10.1038/nri2974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 633] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The potent lipid mediator sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is produced inside cells by two closely related kinases, sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1) and SPHK2, and has emerged as a crucial regulator of immunity. Many of the actions of S1P in innate and adaptive immunity are mediated by its binding to five G protein-coupled receptors, designated S1PR1-5, but recent findings have also identified important roles for S1P as a second messenger during inflammation. In this Review, we discuss recent advances in our understanding of the roles of S1P receptors and describe the newly identified intracellular targets of S1P that are crucial for immune responses. Finally, we discuss the therapeutic potential of new drugs that target S1P signalling and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Spiegel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia 23298, USA.
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Kim M, Park SW, Kim M, D'Agati VD, Lee HT. Isoflurane activates intestinal sphingosine kinase to protect against renal ischemia-reperfusion-induced liver and intestine injury. Anesthesiology 2011; 114:363-73. [PMID: 21245730 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0b013e3182070c3a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a major cause of acute kidney injury and often leads to multiorgan dysfunction and systemic inflammation. Volatile anesthetics have potent antiinflammatory effects. We aimed to determine whether the representative volatile anesthetic isoflurane protects against acute kidney injury-induced liver and intestinal injury and to determine the mechanisms involved in this protection. METHODS Mice were anesthetized with pentobarbital and subjected to 30 min of left renal ischemia after right nephrectomy, followed by exposure to 4 h of equianesthetic doses of pentobarbital or isoflurane. Five hours after renal IRI, plasma creatinine and alanine aminotransferase concentrations were measured. Liver and intestine tissues were analyzed for proinflammatory messenger RNA (mRNA) concentrations, histologic features, sphingosine kinase-1 (SK1) immunoblotting, SK1 activity, and sphingosine-1-phosphate concentrations. RESULTS Renal IRI with pentobarbital led to severe renal, hepatic, and intestinal injury with focused periportal hepatocyte vacuolization; small-intestinal apoptosis; and proinflammatory mRNA up-regulation. Isoflurane protected against renal IRI and reduced hepatic and intestinal injury via induction of small-intestinal crypt SK1 mRNA, protein and enzyme activity, and increased sphingosine-1-phosphate. We confirmed the importance of SK1 because mice treated with a selective SK inhibitor or mice deficient in the SK1 enzyme were not protected against hepatic and intestinal dysfunction with isoflurane. CONCLUSIONS Isoflurane protects against multiorgan injury after renal IRI via induction of the SK1/sphingosine-1-phosphate pathway. Our findings may help to unravel the cellular signaling pathways of volatile anesthetic-mediated hepatic and intestinal protection and may lead to new therapeutic applications of volatile anesthetics during the perioperative period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjae Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology, § Professor, Department of Pathology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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Chavez A, Smith M, Mehta D. New Insights into the Regulation of Vascular Permeability. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2011; 290:205-48. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-386037-8.00001-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Kim M, Park SW, Kim M, D'Agati VD, Lee HT. Isoflurane activates intestinal sphingosine kinase to protect against bilateral nephrectomy-induced liver and intestine dysfunction. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2010; 300:F167-76. [PMID: 20962114 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00467.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) frequently leads to systemic inflammation and extrarenal organ dysfunction. Volatile anesthetics are potent anti-inflammatory agents and protect against renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Here, we sought to determine whether isoflurane, a commonly used volatile anesthetic, protects against AKI-induced liver and intestinal injury, the mechanisms involved in this protection, and whether this protection was independent of the degree of renal injury. Bilateral nephrectomy-induced AKI under pentobarbital sodium anesthesia led to severe hepatic and intestinal injury with periportal hepatocyte vacuolization, small intestinal necrosis, apoptosis, and proinflammatory mRNA upregulation. In contrast, isoflurane anesthesia reduced hepatic and intestinal injury after bilateral nephrectomy. Mechanistically, isoflurane anesthesia upregulated and induced small intestinal crypt sphingosine kinase-1 (SK1) as SK1 mRNA, protein, and enzyme activity increased with isoflurane treatment. Furthermore, isoflurane failed to protect mice treated with a selective SK inhibitor (SKI-II) or mice deficient in the SK1 enzyme against hepatic and intestinal dysfunction after bilateral nephrectomy, demonstrating the key role of SK1. Therefore, in addition to its potent anesthetic properties, isoflurane protects against AKI-induced liver and intestine injury via activation of small intestinal SK1 independently of the effects on the kidney. These findings may help to elucidate the cellular signaling pathways underlying volatile anesthetic-mediated hepatic and intestinal protection and result in novel clinical applications of volatile anesthetics to attenuate perioperative complications arising from AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjae Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Anesthesiology Research Laboratories, Columbia University, P&S Box 46 PH-5 630 West 168th St., New York, NY 10032-3784, USA
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