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Feng J, Xie L, Lu W, Yu X, Dong H, Ma Y, Kong R. Hyperactivation of p53 contributes to mitotic catastrophe in podocytes through regulation of the Wee1/CDK1/cyclin B1 axis. Ren Fail 2024; 46:2365408. [PMID: 38874119 PMCID: PMC11182053 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2024.2365408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Podocyte loss in glomeruli is a fundamental event in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney diseases. Currently, mitotic catastrophe (MC) has emerged as the main cause of podocyte loss. However, the regulation of MC in podocytes has yet to be elucidated. The current work aimed to study the role and mechanism of p53 in regulating the MC of podocytes using adriamycin (ADR)-induced nephropathy. In vitro podocyte stimulation with ADR triggered the occurrence of MC, which was accompanied by hyperactivation of p53 and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK1)/cyclin B1. The inhibition of p53 reversed ADR-evoked MC in podocytes and protected against podocyte injury and loss. Further investigation showed that p53 mediated the activation of CDK1/cyclin B1 by regulating the expression of Wee1. Restraining Wee1 abolished the regulatory effect of p53 inhibition on CDK1/cyclin B1 and rebooted MC in ADR-stimulated podocytes via p53 inhibition. In a mouse model of ADR nephropathy, the inhibition of p53 ameliorated proteinuria and podocyte injury. Moreover, the inhibition of p53 blocked the progression of MC in podocytes in ADR nephropathy mice through the regulation of the Wee1/CDK1/cyclin B1 axis. Our findings confirm that p53 contributes to MC in podocytes through regulation of the Wee1/CDK1/Cyclin B1 axis, which may represent a novel mechanism underlying podocyte injury and loss during the progression of chronic kidney disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Feng
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liyi Xie
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wanhong Lu
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoyang Yu
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hongjuan Dong
- Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuefeng Ma
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ranran Kong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
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2
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Pathania AS, Chava H, Balusu R, Pasupulati AK, Coulter DW, Challagundla KB. The crosstalk between non-coding RNAs and cell-cycle events: A new frontier in cancer therapy. MOLECULAR THERAPY. ONCOLOGY 2024; 32:200785. [PMID: 38595981 PMCID: PMC10973673 DOI: 10.1016/j.omton.2024.200785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The cell cycle comprises sequential events during which a cell duplicates its genome and divides it into two daughter cells. This process is tightly regulated to ensure that the daughter cell receives identical copied chromosomal DNA and that any errors in the DNA during replication are correctly repaired. Cyclins and their enzyme partners, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), are critical regulators of G- to M-phase transitions during the cell cycle. Mitogenic signals induce the formation of the cyclin/CDK complexes, resulting in phosphorylation and activation of the CDKs. Once activated, cyclin/CDK complexes phosphorylate specific substrates that drive the cell cycle forward. The sequential activation and inactivation of cyclin-CDK complexes are tightly controlled by activating and inactivating phosphorylation events induced by cell-cycle proteins. The non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), which do not code for proteins, regulate cell-cycle proteins at the transcriptional and translational levels, thereby controlling their expression at different cell-cycle phases. Deregulation of ncRNAs can cause abnormal expression patterns of cell-cycle-regulating proteins, resulting in abnormalities in cell-cycle regulation and cancer development. This review explores how ncRNA dysregulation can disrupt cell division balance and discusses potential therapeutic approaches targeting these ncRNAs to control cell-cycle events in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup S. Pathania
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology & The Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Haritha Chava
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Ramesh Balusu
- Department of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapeutics, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Anil K. Pasupulati
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana 500046, India
| | - Don W. Coulter
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Kishore B. Challagundla
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology & The Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- The Child Health Research Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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3
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Zhang Q, Hao S, Wei G, Liu X, Miao Y. The p53-mediated cell cycle regulation is a potential mechanism for emodin-suppressing osteosarcoma cells. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26850. [PMID: 38495151 PMCID: PMC10943350 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background As the most common primary bone cancer, the therapy of osteosarcoma requires further study. An anthraquinone derivative, emodin, has been found to have anticancer potential. We proposed that emodin suppresses osteosarcoma by cell cycle regulation mediated by p53. Methods This study determined the effect of emodin on viability and apoptosis of 6 osteosarcoma cell lines (p53 null cells MG63, G292, and A-673; p53 mutated cells HOS and SK-PN-DW; p53 expressing cells U2OS and 2 osteoblast cell lines), then knockdown p53 in U2OS, and observed the impacts of emodin on p53, p21, cyclin proteins, and cell cycle. Results High dose emodin (40-160 μM) induced cell death and apoptosis of all the cell lines; medium dose emodin (20 μM) preferentially inhibited osteosarcoma cells; low dose emodin (1-10 μM) preferentially inhibited p53 expressing osteosarcoma cells. Emodin dose-dependently inhibited p53 and p21 in U2OS. Emodin at 10 μM decreased the expression of Cdk2, E2F, and Cdk1; and increased RB but had no effects on cyclin E and cyclin B. The knockdown of p53 almost eliminated all the impacts of 10 μM emodin on cell cycle proteins. Conclusions Emodin suppresses U2OS by p53-mediated cell cycle regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Bozhou People's Hospital, Bozhou, 236800, Anhui Province, China
| | - Shuli Hao
- Department of Stomatology, Bozhou People's Hospital, Bozhou, 236800, Anhui Province, China
| | - Guangyou Wei
- Department of Pediatrics, Bozhou City People's Hospital, Bozhou, 236800, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xiangyu Liu
- Department of Science and Education, Bozhou City People's Hospital, Bozhou, 236800, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yang Miao
- Department of Neurology, Bozhou People's Hospital, Bozhou, 236800, Anhui Province, China
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Bhavana, Kohal R, Kumari P, Das Gupta G, Kumar Verma S. Druggable targets of protein tyrosine phosphatase Family, viz. PTP1B, SHP2, Cdc25, and LMW-PTP: Current scenario on medicinal Attributes, and SAR insights. Bioorg Chem 2024; 144:107121. [PMID: 38237392 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are the class of dephosphorylation enzymes that catalyze the removal of phosphate groups from tyrosine residues on proteins responsible for various cellular processes. Any disbalance in signal pathways mediated by PTPs leads to various disease conditions like diabetes, obesity, cancers, and autoimmune disorders. Amongst the PTP superfamily, PTP1B, SHP2, Cdc25, and LMW-PTP have been prioritized as druggable targets for developing medicinal agents. PTP1B is an intracellular PTP enzyme that downregulates insulin and leptin signaling pathways and is involved in insulin resistance and glucose homeostasis. SHP2 is involved in the RAS-MAPK pathway and T cell immunity. Cdk-cyclin complex activation occurs by Cdc25-PTPs involved in cell cycle regulation. LMW-PTPs are involved in PDGF/PDGFR, Eph/ephrin, and insulin signaling pathways, resulting in certain diseases like diabetes mellitus, obesity, and cancer. The signaling cascades of PTP1B, SHP2, Cdc25, and LMW-PTPs have been described to rationalize their medicinal importance in the pathophysiology of diabetes, obesity, and cancer. Their binding sites have been explored to overcome the hurdles in discovering target selective molecules with optimum potency. Recent developments in the synthetic molecules bearing heterocyclic moieties against these targets have been explored to gain insight into structural features. The elaborated SAR investigation revealed the effect of substituents on the potency and target selectivity, which can be implicated in the further discovery of newer medicinal agents targeting the druggable members of the PTP superfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142 001, (Punjab), India
| | - Rupali Kohal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142 001, (Punjab), India
| | - Preety Kumari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142 001, (Punjab), India
| | - Ghanshyam Das Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142 001, (Punjab), India
| | - Sant Kumar Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga 142 001, (Punjab), India.
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Khamidullina AI, Abramenko YE, Bruter AV, Tatarskiy VV. Key Proteins of Replication Stress Response and Cell Cycle Control as Cancer Therapy Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1263. [PMID: 38279263 PMCID: PMC10816012 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Replication stress (RS) is a characteristic state of cancer cells as they tend to exchange precision of replication for fast proliferation and increased genomic instability. To overcome the consequences of improper replication control, malignant cells frequently inactivate parts of their DNA damage response (DDR) pathways (the ATM-CHK2-p53 pathway), while relying on other pathways which help to maintain replication fork stability (ATR-CHK1). This creates a dependency on the remaining DDR pathways, vulnerability to further destabilization of replication and synthetic lethality of DDR inhibitors with common oncogenic alterations such as mutations of TP53, RB1, ATM, amplifications of MYC, CCNE1 and others. The response to RS is normally limited by coordination of cell cycle, transcription and replication. Inhibition of WEE1 and PKMYT1 kinases, which prevent unscheduled mitosis entry, leads to fragility of under-replicated sites. Recent evidence also shows that inhibition of Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), such as CDK4/6, CDK2, CDK8/19 and CDK12/13 can contribute to RS through disruption of DNA repair and replication control. Here, we review the main causes of RS in cancers as well as main therapeutic targets-ATR, CHK1, PARP and their inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvina I. Khamidullina
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncobiology, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.K.); (Y.E.A.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Yaroslav E. Abramenko
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncobiology, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.K.); (Y.E.A.)
| | - Alexandra V. Bruter
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Victor V. Tatarskiy
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncobiology, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia; (A.I.K.); (Y.E.A.)
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 34/5 Vavilov Street, 119334 Moscow, Russia
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Miao X, Koch G, Shen S, Wang X, Li J, Shen X, Qu J, Straubinger RM, Jusko WJ. Systems Pharmacodynamic Model of Combined Gemcitabine and Trabectedin in Pancreatic Cancer Cells. Part II: Cell Cycle, DNA Damage Response, and Apoptosis Pathways. J Pharm Sci 2024; 113:235-245. [PMID: 37918792 PMCID: PMC10902796 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Despite decades of research efforts, pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) continues to present a formidable clinical challenge, demanding innovative therapeutic approaches. In a prior study, we reported the synergistic cytotoxic effects of gemcitabine and trabectedin on pancreatic cancer cells. To investigate potential mechanisms underlying this synergistic pharmacodynamic interaction, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis was performed, and a systems pharmacodynamics model (SPD) was developed to capture pancreatic cancer cell responses to gemcitabine and trabectedin, alone and combined, at the proteome level. Companion report Part I describes the proteomic workflow and drug effects on the upstream portion of the SPD model related to cell growth and migration, specifically the RTK-, integrin-, GPCR-, and calcium-signaling pathways. This report presents Part II of the SPD model. Here we describe drug effects on pathways associated with cell cycle, DNA damage response (DDR), and apoptosis, and provide insights into underlying mechanisms. Drug combination effects on protein changes in the cell cycle- and apoptosis pathways contribute to the synergistic effects observed between gemcitabine and trabectedin. The SPD model was subsequently incorporated into our previously-established cell cycle model, forming a comprehensive, multi-scale quantification platform for evaluating drug effects across multiple scales, spanning the proteomic-, cellular-, and subcellular levels. This approach provides a quantitative mechanistic framework for evaluating drug-drug interactions in combination chemotherapy, and could potentially serve as a tool to predict combinatorial efficacy and assist in target selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Miao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Gilbert Koch
- Pediatric Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics Research Center, University of Basel, Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Shichen Shen
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY, USA; New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics & Life Sciences, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Xue Wang
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics & Life Sciences, Buffalo, NY, USA; Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jun Li
- New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics & Life Sciences, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Xiaomeng Shen
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY, USA; New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics & Life Sciences, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jun Qu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY, USA; New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics & Life Sciences, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Robert M Straubinger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY, USA; New York State Center of Excellence in Bioinformatics & Life Sciences, Buffalo, NY, USA; Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - William J Jusko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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Park E, Yang CR, Raghuram V, Chen L, Chou CL, Knepper MA. Using CRISPR-Cas9/phosphoproteomics to identify substrates of calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase 2δ. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105371. [PMID: 37865316 PMCID: PMC10783575 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Ca2+/Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase 2 (CAMK2) family proteins are involved in the regulation of cellular processes in a variety of tissues including brain, heart, liver, and kidney. One member, CAMK2δ (CAMK2D), has been proposed to be involved in vasopressin signaling in the renal collecting duct, which controls water excretion through regulation of the water channel aquaporin-2 (AQP2). To identify CAMK2D target proteins in renal collecting duct cells (mpkCCD), we deleted Camk2d and carried out LC-MS/MS-based quantitative phosphoproteomics. Specifically, we used CRISPR/Cas9 with two different guide RNAs targeting the CAMK2D catalytic domain to create multiple CAMK2D KO cell lines. AQP2 protein abundance was lower in the CAMK2D KO cells than in CAMK2D-intact controls. AQP2 phosphorylation at Ser256 and Ser269 (normalized for total AQP2) was decreased. However, trafficking of AQP2 to and from the apical plasma membrane was sustained. Large-scale quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis (TMT-labeling) in the presence of the vasopressin analog dDAVP (0.1 nM, 30 min) allowed quantification of 11,570 phosphosites of which 169 were significantly decreased, while 206 were increased in abundance in CAMK2D KO clones. These data are available for browsing or download at https://esbl.nhlbi.nih.gov/Databases/CAMK2D-proteome/. Motif analysis of the decreased phosphorylation sites revealed a target preference of -(R/K)-X-X-p(S/T)-X-(D/E), matching the motif identified in previous in vitro phosphorylation studies using recombinant CAMK2D. Thirty five of the significantly downregulated phosphorylation sites in CAMK2D KO cells had exactly this motif and are judged to be likely direct CAMK2D targets. This adds to the list of known CAMK2D target proteins found in prior reductionist studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Euijung Park
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Chin-Rang Yang
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Viswanathan Raghuram
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lihe Chen
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Chung-Lin Chou
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark A Knepper
- Epithelial Systems Biology Laboratory, Systems Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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8
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Wang Q, Bode AM, Zhang T. Targeting CDK1 in cancer: mechanisms and implications. NPJ Precis Oncol 2023; 7:58. [PMID: 37311884 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-023-00407-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) are serine/threonine kinases that are proposed as promising candidate targets for cancer treatment. These proteins complexed with cyclins play a critical role in cell cycle progression. Most CDKs demonstrate substantially higher expression in cancer tissues compared with normal tissues and, according to the TCGA database, correlate with survival rate in multiple cancer types. Deregulation of CDK1 has been shown to be closely associated with tumorigenesis. CDK1 activation plays a critical role in a wide range of cancer types; and CDK1 phosphorylation of its many substrates greatly influences their function in tumorigenesis. Enrichment of CDK1 interacting proteins with Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis was conducted to demonstrate that the associated proteins participate in multiple oncogenic pathways. This abundance of evidence clearly supports CDK1 as a promising target for cancer therapy. A number of small molecules targeting CDK1 or multiple CDKs have been developed and evaluated in preclinical studies. Notably, some of these small molecules have also been subjected to human clinical trials. This review evaluates the mechanisms and implications of targeting CDK1 in tumorigenesis and cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiushi Wang
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Ave NE, Austin, MN, 55912, USA
| | - Ann M Bode
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Ave NE, Austin, MN, 55912, USA.
| | - Tianshun Zhang
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Ave NE, Austin, MN, 55912, USA.
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9
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Williams KS, Secomb TW, El-Kareh AW. An autonomous mathematical model for the mammalian cell cycle. J Theor Biol 2023; 569:111533. [PMID: 37196820 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2023.111533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
A mathematical model for the mammalian cell cycle is developed as a system of 13 coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The variables and interactions included in the model are based on detailed consideration of available experimental data. A novel feature of the model is inclusion of cycle tasks such as origin licensing and initiation, nuclear envelope breakdown and kinetochore attachment, and their interactions with controllers (molecular complexes involved in cycle control). Other key features are that the model is autonomous, except for a dependence on external growth factors; the variables are continuous in time, without instantaneous resets at phase boundaries; mechanisms to prevent rereplication are included; and cycle progression is independent of cell size. Eight variables represent cell cycle controllers: the Cyclin D1-Cdk4/6 complex, APCCdh1, SCFβTrCP, Cdc25A, MPF, NuMA, the securin-separase complex, and separase. Five variables represent task completion, with four for the status of origins and one for kinetochore attachment. The model predicts distinct behaviors corresponding to the main phases of the cell cycle, showing that the principal features of the mammalian cell cycle, including restriction point behavior, can be accounted for in a quantitative mechanistic way based on known interactions among cycle controllers and their coupling to tasks. The model is robust to parameter changes, in that cycling is maintained over at least a five-fold range of each parameter when varied individually. The model is suitable for exploring how extracellular factors affect cell cycle progression, including responses to metabolic conditions and to anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Timothy W Secomb
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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10
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Corbett CB, St Paul A, Leigh T, Kelemen SE, Peluzzo AM, Okune RN, Eguchi S, Haines DS, Autieri MV. Genetic Deletion of FXR1 Reduces Intimal Hyperplasia and Induces Senescence in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2023; 193:638-653. [PMID: 37080662 PMCID: PMC10155270 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) play a critical role in the development and pathogenesis of intimal hyperplasia indicative of restenosis and other vascular diseases. Fragile-X related protein-1 (FXR1) is a muscle-enhanced RNA binding protein whose expression is increased in injured arteries. Previous studies suggest that FXR1 negatively regulates inflammation, but its causality in vascular disease is unknown. In the current study, RNA-sequencing of FXR1-depleted VSMC identified many transcripts with decreased abundance, most of which were associated with proliferation and cell division. mRNA abundance and stability of a number of these transcripts were decreased in FXR1-depleted hVSMC, as was proliferation (P < 0.05); however, increases in beta-galactosidase (P < 0.05) and γH2AX (P < 0.01), indicative of senescence, were noted. Further analysis showed increased abundance of senescence-associated genes with FXR1 depletion. A novel SMC-specific conditional knockout mouse (FXR1SMC/SMC) was developed for further analysis. In a carotid artery ligation model of intimal hyperplasia, FXR1SMC/SMC mice had significantly reduced neointima formation (P < 0.001) after ligation, as well as increases in senescence drivers p16, p21, and p53 compared with several controls. These results suggest that in addition to destabilization of inflammatory transcripts, FXR1 stabilized cell cycle-related genes in VSMC, and absence of FXR1 led to induction of a senescent phenotype, supporting the hypothesis that FXR1 may mediate vascular disease by regulating stability of proliferative mRNA in VSMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cali B Corbett
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lemole Center for Integrated Lymphatics Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Amanda St Paul
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lemole Center for Integrated Lymphatics Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Tani Leigh
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lemole Center for Integrated Lymphatics Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sheri E Kelemen
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lemole Center for Integrated Lymphatics Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Amanda M Peluzzo
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lemole Center for Integrated Lymphatics Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Rachael N Okune
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lemole Center for Integrated Lymphatics Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Satoru Eguchi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Dale S Haines
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Biochemistry, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael V Autieri
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lemole Center for Integrated Lymphatics Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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11
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Biological functions and therapeutic potential of SHCBP1 in human cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 160:114362. [PMID: 36739763 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of cancer is increasing globally, and it is the most common cause of death. The identification of novel cancer diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers is important for developing cancer treatment strategies and reducing mortality. SHCSH2 domain-binding protein 1 (SHCBP1) is a protein that specifically binds to the SH2 domain of Src homology-collagen. It participates in the regulation of a variety of signal transduction pathways and can activate a variety of signaling molecules to perform a series of physiological functions. SHCBP1 is expressed in a variety of human tissues, but its abnormal expression in various systems is associated with cancer. SHCBP1 is abnormally expressed in a variety of tumors, and plays roles in almost all aspects of cancer biology (such as cell proliferation, apoptosis prevention, invasion, and metastasis) through various possible mechanisms. Its expression level is related to the clinicopathological characteristics of patients. In addition, the SHCBP1 expression pattern is closely related to cancer type, stage, and other clinical variables. Therefore, SHCBP1 is a promising tumor biomarker for cancer diagnosis and prognosis and a potential therapeutic target. This article reviews the expression, biological functions, mechanisms, and potential clinical significance of SHCBP1 in various human tumors to provide a new theoretical basis for clinical molecular diagnosis, molecular targeted therapy, and scientific research on cancer.
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Bader JM, Deigendesch N, Misch M, Mann M, Koch A, Meissner F. Proteomics separates adult-type diffuse high-grade gliomas in metabolic subgroups independent of 1p/19q codeletion and across IDH mutational status. Cell Rep Med 2022; 4:100877. [PMID: 36584682 PMCID: PMC9873829 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
High-grade adult-type diffuse gliomas are malignant neuroepithelial tumors with poor survival rates in combined chemoradiotherapy. The current WHO classification is based on IDH1/2 mutational and 1p/19q codeletion status. Glioma proteome alterations remain undercharacterized despite their promise for a better molecular patient stratification and therapeutic target identification. Here, we use mass spectrometry to characterize 42 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples from IDH-wild-type (IDHwt) gliomas, IDH-mutant (IDHmut) gliomas with and without 1p/19q codeletion, and non-neoplastic controls. Based on more than 5,500 quantified proteins and 5,000 phosphosites, gliomas separate by IDH1/2 mutational status but not by 1p/19q status. Instead, IDHmut gliomas split into two proteomic subtypes with widespread perturbations, including aerobic/anaerobic energy metabolism. Validations with three independent glioma proteome datasets confirm these subgroups and link the IDHmut subtypes to the established proneural and classic/mesenchymal subtypes in IDHwt glioma. This demonstrates common phenotypic subtypes across the IDH status with potential therapeutic implications for patients with IDHmut gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Maximilian Bader
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Deigendesch
- Pathology, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Misch
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Mann
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arend Koch
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Felix Meissner
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany; Department of Systems Immunology and Proteomics, Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
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13
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Nazarnezhad MA, Barazesh M, Kavousipour S, Mohammadi S, Eftekhar E, Jalili S. The Computational Analysis of Single Nucleotide Associated with MicroRNA Affecting Hepatitis B Infection. Microrna 2022; 11:139-162. [PMID: 35579134 DOI: 10.2174/2211536611666220509103724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have a pivotal role in Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection and its complications by targeting the cellular transcription factors required for gene expression or directly binding to HBV transcripts. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in miRNA genes affect their expression and the regulation of target genes, clinical course, diagnosis, and therapeutic interventions of HBV infection. METHODS Computational assessment and cataloging of miRNA gene polymorphisms targeting mRNA transcripts straightly or indirectly through the regulation of hepatitis B infection by annotating the functional impact of SNPs on mRNA-miRNA and miRNA-RBS (miRNA binding sites) interaction were screened by applying various universally available datasets such as the miRNA SNP3.0 software. RESULTS 2987 SNPs were detected in 139 miRNAs affecting hepatitis B infection. Among them, 313 SNPs were predicted to have a significant role in the progression of hepatitis B infection. The computational analysis also revealed that 45 out of the 313 SNPs were located in the seed region and were more important than others. Has-miR-139-3p had the largest number of SNPs in the seed region (n=6). On the other hand, proteoglycans in cancer, adherens junction, lysine degradation, NFkappa B signaling cascade, ECM-receptor binding, viral carcinogenesis, fatty acid metabolism, TGF-beta signaling pathway, p53 signaling pathway, immune evasion related pathways, and fatty acid biosynthesis were the most important pathways affected by these 139 miRNAs. CONCLUSION The results revealed 45 SNPs in the seed region of 25 miRNAs as the catalog in miRNA genes that regulated the hepatitis B infection. The results also showed the most important pathways regulated by these miRNAs that can be targeted for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirza Ali Nazarnezhad
- Infectious and Tropical Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Mahdi Barazesh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Gerash University of Medical Sciences, Gerash, Iran
| | - Soudabeh Kavousipour
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas 7919915519, Iran
| | - Shiva Mohammadi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Eftekhar
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas 7919915519, Iran
| | - Sajad Jalili
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Huang S, Xiao J, Wu J, Liu J, Feng X, Yang C, Xiang D, Luo S. Tizoxanide Promotes Apoptosis in Glioblastoma by Inhibiting CDK1 Activity. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:895573. [PMID: 35694267 PMCID: PMC9174573 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.895573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The antiparasitic drug nitazoxanide (NTZ) has received considerable attention for its potential in cancer therapy. In this study, we demonstrate that tizoxanide (TIZ), an active metabolite of NTZ, exhibits antiglioma activity in vitro and in vivo by inducing G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. In vitro, TIZ dose-dependently inhibited the proliferation of U87, U118, and A172 human glioblastoma (GBM) cells at 48 h with IC50 values of 1.10, 2.31, and 0.73 µM, respectively. Treatment with TIZ (1 and 10 µM) also dose-dependently inhibited the colony formation of these GBM cells and accumulated ROS damage in the nucleus. In silico target fishing combined with network pharmacological disease spectrum analyses of GBM revealed that cycle-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) is the most compatible target for TIZ and molecular docking by Molecule Operating Environment (MOE) software confirmed it. Mechanistically, TIZ inhibited the phosphorylation of CDK1 at Thr161 and decreased the activity of the CDK1/cyclin B1 complex, arresting the cell cycle at the G2/M phase. TIZ may induce apoptosis via the ROS-mediated apoptotic pathway. In vivo, TIZ suppressed the growth of established subcutaneous and intracranial orthotopic xenograft models of GBM without causing obvious side effects and prolonged the survival of nude mice bearing glioma. Taken together, our results demonstrated that TIZ might be a promising chemotherapy drug in the treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, China
| | - Jingxian Xiao
- School of Medical Science, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Junyong Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, China
| | - Jiayi Liu
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xueping Feng
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chengdong Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Daxiong Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, China
| | - Shilin Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Shilin Luo,
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15
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Symbiosis with Dinoflagellates Alters Cnidarian Cell-Cycle Gene Expression. Cell Microbiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/3330160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In the cnidarian-dinoflagellate symbiosis, hosts show altered expression of genes involved in growth and proliferation when in the symbiotic state, but little is known about the molecular mechanisms that underlie the host’s altered growth rate. Using tissue-specific transcriptomics, we determined how symbiosis affects expression of cell cycle-associated genes, in the model symbiotic cnidarian Exaiptasia diaphana (Aiptasia). The presence of symbionts within the gastrodermis elicited cell-cycle arrest in the G1 phase in a larger proportion of host cells compared with the aposymbiotic gastrodermis. The symbiotic gastrodermis also showed a reduction in the amount of cells synthesizing their DNA and progressing through mitosis when compared with the aposymbiotic gastrodermis. Host apoptotic inhibitors (Mdm2) were elevated, while host apoptotic sensitizers (c-Myc) were depressed, in the symbiotic gastrodermis when compared with the aposymbiotic gastrodermis and epidermis of symbiotic anemones, respectively. This indicates that the presence of symbionts negatively regulates host apoptosis, possibly contributing to their persistence within the host. Transcripts (ATM/ATR) associated with DNA damage were also downregulated in symbiotic gastrodermal tissues. In epidermal cells, a single gene (Mob1) required for mitotic completion was upregulated in symbiotic compared with aposymbiotic anemones, suggesting that the presence of symbionts in the gastrodermis stimulates host cell division in the epidermis. To further corroborate this hypothesis, we performed microscopic analysis using an S-phase indicator (EdU), allowing us to evaluate cell cycling in host cells. Our results confirmed that there were significantly more proliferating host cells in both the gastrodermis and epidermis in the symbiotic state compared with the aposymbiotic state. Furthermore, when comparing between tissue layers in the presence of symbionts, the epidermis had significantly more proliferating host cells than the symbiont-containing gastrodermis. These results contribute to our understanding of the influence of symbionts on the mechanisms of cnidarian cell proliferation and mechanisms associated with symbiont maintenance.
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Molinaro C, Wambang N, Bousquet T, Vercoutter-Edouart AS, Pélinski L, Cailliau K, Martoriati A. A Novel Copper(II) Indenoisoquinoline Complex Inhibits Topoisomerase I, Induces G2 Phase Arrest, and Autophagy in Three Adenocarcinomas. Front Oncol 2022; 12:837373. [PMID: 35280788 PMCID: PMC8908320 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.837373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Topoisomerases, targets of inhibitors used in chemotherapy, induce DNA breaks accumulation leading to cancer cell death. A newly synthesized copper(II) indenoisoquinoline complex WN197 exhibits a cytotoxic effect below 0.5 µM, on MDA-MB-231, HeLa, and HT-29 cells. At low doses, WN197 inhibits topoisomerase I. At higher doses, it inhibits topoisomerase IIα and IIβ, and displays DNA intercalation properties. DNA damage is detected by the presence of γH2AX. The activation of the DNA Damage Response (DDR) occurs through the phosphorylation of ATM/ATR, Chk1/2 kinases, and the increase of p21, a p53 target. WN197 induces a G2 phase arrest characterized by the unphosphorylated form of histone H3, the accumulation of phosphorylated Cdk1, and an association of Cdc25C with 14.3.3. Cancer cells die by autophagy with Beclin-1 accumulation, LC3-II formation, p62 degradation, and RAPTOR phosphorylation in the mTOR complex. Finally, WN197 by inhibiting topoisomerase I at low concentration with high efficiency is a promising agent for the development of future DNA damaging chemotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Molinaro
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, France
| | | | - Till Bousquet
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181-UCCS-Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, Lille, France
| | | | - Lydie Pélinski
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181-UCCS-Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, Lille, France
| | - Katia Cailliau
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, France
| | - Alain Martoriati
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, France
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Cell cycle involvement in cancer therapy; WEE1 kinase, a potential target as therapeutic strategy. Mutat Res 2022; 824:111776. [PMID: 35247630 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2022.111776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitosis is the process of cell division and is regulated by checkpoints in the cell cycle. G1-S, S, and G2-M are the three main checkpoints that prevent initiation of the next phase of the cell cycle phase until previous phase has completed. DNA damage leads to activation of the G2-M checkpoint, which can trigger a downstream DNA damage response (DDR) pathway to induce cell cycle arrest while the damage is repaired. If the DNA damage cannot be repaired, the replication stress response (RSR) pathway finally leads to cell death by apoptosis, in this case called mitotic catastrophe. Many cancer treatments (chemotherapy and radiotherapy) cause DNA damages based on SSBs (single strand breaks) or DSBs (double strand breaks), which cause cell death through mitotic catastrophe. However, damaged cells can activate WEE1 kinase (as a part of the DDR and RSR pathways), which prevents apoptosis and cell death by inducing cell cycle arrest at G2 phase. Therefore, inhibition of WEE1 kinase could sensitize cancer cells to chemotherapeutic drugs. This review focuses on the role of WEE1 kinase (as a biological macromolecule which has a molecular mass of 96 kDa) in the cell cycle, and its interactions with other regulatory pathways. In addition, we discuss the potential of WEE1 inhibition as a new therapeutic approach in the treatment of various cancers, such as melanoma, breast cancer, pancreatic cancer, cervical cancer, etc.
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18
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Liu J, Hu W, Ma X, Liang X, Lin L, Huang J, Liu J. 3,4,5-O-tricaffeoylquinic acid alleviates ionizing radiation-induced injury in vitro and in vivo through regulating ROS/JNK/p38 signaling. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:349-361. [PMID: 34741589 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR) brings many health problems to humans, causing damage to the digestive system, hematopoietic system, and immune system. Natural compounds derived from plants have attracted widespread attention due to their low toxicity. Here, we found that 3,4,5-O-tricaffeoylquinic acid (tCQA) extracted from natural plant Azolla imbricata could significantly alleviate the systemic damage in mice caused by IR. In order to further explore the molecular mechanism of the radioprotective effect of tCQA, in vitro experiments confirmed that tCQA could attenuate the cytotoxic effect of IR on the colonic epithelial cell line NCM460 and alleviate the IR-induced mitochondrial dysfunction characterized by the decrease of mitochondrial transmembrane potential, ROS production, and caspase-dependent apoptosis. In addition, the generation of ROS induced by H2 O2 could also be reversed by tCQA. Then, Western blot demonstrated that tCQA could reverse the MAPK signaling pathway activated by IR. However, the inhibitory effect of tCQA on JNK and P38 levels activated by the JNK agonist anisomycin is not obvious; meanwhile, tCQA could inhibit the activation of JNK/P38 induced by H2 O2 , which suggests that tCQA might inhibit the JNK/P38 signaling pathway by reducing ROS. In short, tCQA inhibits the generation of ROS caused by IR, and then regulates the activity of caspase in the mitochondrial pathway by inhibiting the JNK/P38 signaling pathway, thereby alleviating the apoptosis of NCM460. This research provides an experimental basis for the development of new types of radioprotective agents for medical diagnosis and radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering & Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering & Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoying Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering & Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering & Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Long Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering & Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianming Huang
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianwen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering & Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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Fa P, Qiu Z, Wang QE, Yan C, Zhang J. A Novel Role for RNF126 in the Promotion of G2 Arrest via Interaction With 14-3-3σ. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022; 112:542-553. [PMID: 34563636 PMCID: PMC8748417 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cell cycle checkpoints and DNA repair are important for cell survival after exogenous DNA damage. Both rapid blockage of G2 to M phase transition in the cell cycle and the maintenance of relatively slow G2 arrest are critical to protect cells from lethal ionizing radiation (IR). Checkpoint kinase 1 is pivotal in blocking the transition from G2 to M phases in response to IR. The 14-3-3σ protein is important for IR-induced G2 arrest maintenance in which p53-dependent 14-3-3σ transcription is involved. It has been demonstrated that Ring finger protein 126 (RNF126), an E3 ligase, is required to upregulate checkpoint kinase 1 expression. Thus, our goal was to study the role of RNF126 in the G2/M phase checkpoint. METHODS AND MATERIALS The transition from G2 to M phases and G2 accumulation in response to IR were determined by flow cytometry through staining with phospho-histone H3 (pS10) antibody and propidium iodide, respectively. The interaction of RNF126 and 14-3-3σ was determined by GST-pulldown and coimmunoprecipitation assays. The stability of RNF126 and 14-3-3σ was determined by cycloheximide-based stability assay and ubiquitination detection by coimmunoprecipitation. The sequestering of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 and cyclin B1 from the nucleus was determined by immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS RNF126 knockdown had no impact on the IR-induced transient blockage of G2 to M but impaired IR-induced G2 arrest maintenance in cells with or without wild-type p53. Mechanistically, RNF126 binds 14-3-3σ and prevents both proteins from ubiquitination-mediated degradation. Last, RNF126 is required for enforcing the cytoplasmic sequestration of cyclin B1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 1 proteins in response to IR. CONCLUSIONS RNF126 promotes G2 arrest via interaction with 14-3-3σ in response to IR. Our study revealed a novel role for RNF126 in promoting G2 arrest, providing a new target for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyan Fa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University James Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine, OH, USA
| | - Zhaojun Qiu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University James Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine, OH, USA
| | - Qi-En Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University James Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine, OH, USA
| | - Chunhong Yan
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Junran Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Ohio State University James Comprehensive Cancer Center and College of Medicine, OH, USA,Corresponding author: Junran Zhang,
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de Brevern AG, Rebehmed J. Current status of PTMs structural databases: applications, limitations and prospects. Amino Acids 2022; 54:575-590. [PMID: 35020020 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-03119-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Protein 3D structures, determined by their amino acid sequences, are the support of major crucial biological functions. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) play an essential role in regulating these functions by altering the physicochemical properties of proteins. By virtue of their importance, several PTM databases have been developed and released in decades, but very few of these databases incorporate real 3D structural data. Since PTMs influence the function of the protein and their aberrant states are frequently implicated in human diseases, providing structural insights to understand the influence and dynamics of PTMs is crucial for unraveling the underlying processes. This review is dedicated to the current status of databases providing 3D structural data on PTM sites in proteins. Some of these databases are general, covering multiple types of PTMs in different organisms, while others are specific to one particular type of PTM, class of proteins or organism. The importance of these databases is illustrated with two major types of in silico applications: predicting PTM sites in proteins using machine learning approaches and investigating protein structure-function relationships involving PTMs. Finally, these databases suffer from multiple problems and care must be taken when analyzing the PTMs data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre G de Brevern
- Université de Paris, INSERM, UMR_S 1134, DSIMB, 75739, Paris, France.,Université de la Réunion, INSERM, UMR_S 1134, DSIMB, 97715, Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, 75739, Paris, France
| | - Joseph Rebehmed
- Department of Computer Science and Mathematics, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon.
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Ten-eleven translocation 1 mediated-DNA hydroxymethylation is required for myelination and remyelination in the mouse brain. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5091. [PMID: 34429415 PMCID: PMC8385008 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25353-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Ten-eleven translocation (TET) proteins, the dioxygenase for DNA hydroxymethylation, are important players in nervous system development and diseases. However, their role in myelination and remyelination after injury remains elusive. Here, we identify a genome-wide and locus-specific DNA hydroxymethylation landscape shift during differentiation of oligodendrocyte-progenitor cells (OPC). Ablation of Tet1 results in stage-dependent defects in oligodendrocyte (OL) development and myelination in the mouse brain. The mice lacking Tet1 in the oligodendrocyte lineage develop behavioral deficiency. We also show that TET1 is required for remyelination in adulthood. Transcriptomic, genomic occupancy, and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) profiling reveal a critical TET1-regulated epigenetic program for oligodendrocyte differentiation that includes genes associated with myelination, cell division, and calcium transport. Tet1-deficient OPCs exhibit reduced calcium activity, increasing calcium activity rescues the differentiation defects in vitro. Deletion of a TET1-5hmC target gene, Itpr2, impairs the onset of OPC differentiation. Together, our results suggest that stage-specific TET1-mediated epigenetic programming and intracellular signaling are important for proper myelination and remyelination in mice.
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Jiang D, Xu J, Liu S, Nasser MI, Wei W, Mao T, Liu X, Zou X, Li J, Li X. Rosmanol induces breast cancer cells apoptosis by regulating PI3K/AKT and STAT3/JAK2 signaling pathways. Oncol Lett 2021; 22:631. [PMID: 34267823 PMCID: PMC8258625 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers amongst women; however, there is currently no effective treatment. Natural compounds are considered to contribute to cancer prevention and have a pivotal role in modulating apoptosis. Rosmanol is a phenolic diterpene compound with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In the present study, the effects of Rosmanol on breast cancer cell proliferation/apoptosis were investigated, and it was demonstrated that it inhibited the proliferation of MCF-7 and MDA-MB 231 cells but did not have a significant effect on normal human breast MCF-10A cells. In addition, the apoptotic process was accelerated by Rosmanol, through mitochondrial pathways and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production caused by DNA damage, which function further demonstrated by the attenuation and addition of the ROS inhibitor, N-acetyl-cysteine. It was also demonstrated that Rosmanol accelerated cell apoptosis, and arrested breast cancer cells in the S phase. Moreover, Rosmanol inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis of cancer cells via the inhibition of ERK and STAT3 signals, attributable to the increase in p-p38, the overexpression of protein inhibitor of activated STAT3, and the decrease in PI3K/AKT, ERK and JAK2/STAT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjun Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education (MOE), School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, P.R. China
| | - Jiaqi Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education (MOE), School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, P.R. China
| | - Sitong Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education (MOE), School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, P.R. China
| | - Moussa Ide Nasser
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education (MOE), School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wei
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education (MOE), School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, P.R. China
| | - Tianjiao Mao
- Department of Stomatogy, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China
| | - Xintong Liu
- Bioprobe Application Research Unit, Chemical Biology Department, RIKEN-Max Planck Joint Research Division, RIkagaku KENkyusho/Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN) Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Xiaopan Zou
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education (MOE), School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, P.R. China
| | - Jiang Li
- Department of Stomatogy, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510180, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomeng Li
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of Ministry of Education (MOE), School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130024, P.R. China
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Wang B, Ma X, Xie M, Wu Y, Wang Y, Duan R, Zhang C, Yu L, Guo X, Gao L. CBP-JMF: An Improved Joint Matrix Tri-Factorization Method for Characterizing Complex Biological Processes of Diseases. Front Genet 2021; 12:665416. [PMID: 33968140 PMCID: PMC8103031 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.665416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-omics molecules regulate complex biological processes (CBPs), which reflect the activities of various molecules in living organisms. Meanwhile, the applications to represent disease subtypes and cell types have created an urgent need for sample grouping and associated CBP-inferring tools. In this paper, we present CBP-JMF, a practical tool primarily for discovering CBPs, which underlie sample groups as disease subtypes in applications. Differently from existing methods, CBP-JMF is based on a joint non-negative matrix tri-factorization framework and is implemented in Python. As a pragmatic application, we apply CBP-JMF to identify CBPs for four subtypes of breast cancer. The result shows significant overlapping between genes extracted from CBPs and known subtype pathways. We verify the effectiveness of our tool in detecting CBPs that interpret subtypes of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbo Wang
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiujuan Ma
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Minghui Xie
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yue Wu
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yajun Wang
- School of Humanities and Foreign Languages, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Ran Duan
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chenxing Zhang
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Liang Yu
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xingli Guo
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lin Gao
- School of Computer Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, China
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24
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Dong F, Meng TG, Li J, Wang F, Li YY, Ouyang YC, Hou Y, Wang ZB, Schatten H, Sun QY. Inhibition of CDK4/6 kinases causes production of aneuploid oocytes by inactivating the spindle assembly checkpoint and accelerating first meiotic progression. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1868:119044. [PMID: 33865884 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin D-CDK4/6 complex mediates the transition from the G1 to S phase in mammalian somatic cells. Meiotic oocytes pass through the G2/M transition and complete the first meiosis to reach maturation at the metaphase of meiosis II without intervening S phase, while Cyclin D-CDK4/6 complex is found to express during meiotic progression. Whether Cyclin D-CDK4/6 complex regulates meiotic cell cycle progression is not known. Here, we found its different role in oocyte meiosis: Cyclin D-CDK4/6 complex served as a regulator of spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) to prevent aneuploidy in meiosis I. Inhibition of CDK4/6 kinases disrupted spindle assembly, chromosome alignment and kinetochore-microtubule attachments, but unexpectedly accelerated meiotic progression by inactivating SAC, consequently resulting in production of aneuploid oocytes. Further studies showed that the MPF activity decrease before first polar body extrusion was accelerated probably by inactivation of the SAC to promote ubiquitin-mediated cyclin B1 degradation. Taken together, these data reveal a novel role of Cyclin D-CDK4/6 complex in mediating control of the SAC in female meiosis I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Dong
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China
| | - Tie-Gang Meng
- Fertility Preservation Lab, Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou 510317, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Jian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Ying-Chun Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Yi Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Zhen-Bo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Heide Schatten
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Qing-Yuan Sun
- Fertility Preservation Lab, Reproductive Medicine Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou 510317, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China.
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25
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CDK1 inhibitor controls G2/M phase transition and reverses DNA damage sensitivity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 550:56-61. [PMID: 33684621 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.02.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
CDK1 plays key roles in cell cycle progression through the G2/M phase transition and activation of homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair pathway. Accordingly, various CDK1 inhibitors have been developed for cancer therapy that induce prolonged G2 arrest and/or sensitize cells to DNA damaging agents in tumor cells, resulting in cell death. However, CDK1 inhibition can induce resistance to DNA damage in certain conditions. The mechanism of different DNA damage sensitivity is not completely understood. We performed immunofluorescence and flow cytometry analysis to investigate DNA damage responses in human tumor cells during low and high dose treatments with RO-3306, a selective CDK1 inhibitor. This comparative investigation demonstrated that RO-3306-induced G2 arrest prevented cells with DNA double-strand breaks from transitioning into the M-phase and that the cells maintained their DNA repair capacity in G2-phase, even under RO-3306 dose-dependent DNA repair inhibition. These findings reveal that CDK1 inhibitor-induced DNA repair inhibition and cell cycle control, which regulate each other during the G2/M phase transition determine the cellular sensitivity to DNA damage, providing insight useful for developing clinical strategies targeting CDK1 inhibition in tumor cells.
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26
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Salamango DJ, Harris RS. Dual Functionality of HIV-1 Vif in APOBEC3 Counteraction and Cell Cycle Arrest. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:622012. [PMID: 33510734 PMCID: PMC7835321 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.622012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Accessory proteins are a key feature that distinguishes primate immunodeficiency viruses such as human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1) from other retroviruses. A prime example is the virion infectivity factor, Vif, which hijacks a cellular co-transcription factor (CBF-β) to recruit a ubiquitin ligase complex (CRL5) to bind and degrade antiviral APOBEC3 enzymes including APOBEC3D (A3D), APOBEC3F (A3F), APOBEC3G (A3G), and APOBEC3H (A3H). Although APOBEC3 antagonism is essential for viral pathogenesis, and a more than sufficient functional justification for Vif’s evolution, most viral proteins have evolved multiple functions. Indeed, Vif has long been known to trigger cell cycle arrest and recent studies have shed light on the underlying molecular mechanism. Vif accomplishes this function using the same CBF-β/CRL5 ubiquitin ligase complex to degrade a family of PPP2R5 phospho-regulatory proteins. These advances have helped usher in a new era of accessory protein research and fresh opportunities for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Salamango
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States.,Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Reuben S Harris
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States.,Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States.,Institute for Molecular Virology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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27
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Huang DP, Zeng YH, Yuan WQ, Huang XF, Chen SQ, Wang MY, Qiu YJ, Tong GD. Bioinformatics Analyses of Potential miRNA-mRNA Regulatory Axis in HBV-related Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:335-346. [PMID: 33390802 PMCID: PMC7757140 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.50126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims: We aimed to explore the crucial miRNA-mRNA axis through bioinformatics analysis and provide evidences for the development of pathophysiological mechanisms and new therapies for HBV-related HCC. Methods: MiRNA (GSE76903) and mRNA (GSE77509) dataset were used to screen differentially expressed miRNAs (DE-miRNAs) and differentially expressed mRNAs (DE-mRNAs) using R software. Overlapping genes between DE-mRNAs and target genes of DE-miRNAs were identified as candidate genes. Hub genes were obtained via cytohubba analysis. The expression at protein and mRNA levels and prognostic value of hub genes were evaluated based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data. Key miRNA-mRNA axes were constructed according to predicted miRNA-mRNA pairs. MiRNA expression and prognostic role were respectively identified using starBase v3.0 and Kaplan-Meier plotter database. Real-time PCR was performed to verify the expression of crucial miRNAs and mRNAs. Coexpression of crucial miRNA and mRNA were analyzed using starBase v3.0. Results: CDK1, CCNB1, CKS2 and CCNE1 were screened as hub genes, which were significantly upregulated at protein and mRNA levels. These up-regulated hub genes were also significantly associated with poor prognosis. Hsa-mir-195-5p/CDK1, hsa-mir-5589-3p/CCNB1 and hsa-let-7c-3p/CKS2 were screened as critical miRNA-mRNA axes. Critical miRNAs were decreased in HCC, which indicates unfavourable prognosis. QPCR results showed that crucial miRNAs were decreased, whereas critical mRNAs were increased in HBV-related HCC. A reverse relationship between miRNA and mRNA in crucial axis was further verified. Conclusion: This study identified several miRNA-mRNA axes in HBV-related HCC. Hsa-mir-195-5p/CDK1, hsa-mir-5589-3p/CCNB1 and hsa-let-7c-3p/CKS2 might serve as potential prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for HBV-related HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Ping Huang
- Department of Hepatology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518033, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yi-Hao Zeng
- College of Basic Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei-Qu Yuan
- Department of Acupuncture, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518033, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiu-Fang Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510403, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Sheng-Qian Chen
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Haifeng County, Shanwei 516400, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Mu-Yao Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510403, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yi-Jun Qiu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510403, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Guang-Dong Tong
- Department of Hepatology, Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518033, Guangdong Province, China
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28
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Biological characteristics of aging in human acute myeloid leukemia cells: the possible importance of aldehyde dehydrogenase, the cytoskeleton and altered transcriptional regulation. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:24734-24777. [PMID: 33349623 PMCID: PMC7803495 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have a median age of 65-70 years at diagnosis. Elderly patients have more chemoresistant disease, and this is partly due to decreased frequencies of favorable and increased frequencies of adverse genetic abnormalities. However, aging-dependent differences may also contribute. We therefore compared AML cell proteomic and phosphoproteomic profiles for (i) elderly low-risk and younger low-risk patients with favorable genetic abnormalities; and (ii) high-risk patients with adverse genetic abnormalities and a higher median age against all low-risk patients with lower median age. Elderly low-risk and younger low-risk patients showed mainly phosphoproteomic differences especially involving transcriptional regulators and cytoskeleton. When comparing high-risk and low-risk patients both proteomic and phosphoproteomic studies showed differences involving cytoskeleton and immunoregulation but also transcriptional regulation and cell division. The age-associated prognostic impact of cyclin-dependent kinases was dependent on the cellular context. The protein level of the adverse prognostic biomarker mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) showed a similar significant upregulation both in elderly low-risk and elderly high-risk patients. Our results suggest that molecular mechanisms associated with cellular aging influence chemoresistance of AML cells, and especially the cytoskeleton function may then influence cellular hallmarks of aging, e.g. mitosis, polarity, intracellular transport and adhesion.
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29
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HIV-1 Vif Triggers Cell Cycle Arrest by Degrading Cellular PPP2R5 Phospho-regulators. Cell Rep 2020; 29:1057-1065.e4. [PMID: 31665623 PMCID: PMC6903395 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 Vif hijacks a cellular ubiquitin ligase complex to degrade antiviral APOBEC3 enzymes and PP2A phosphatase regulators (PPP2R5A–E). APOBEC3 counteraction is essential for viral pathogenesis. However, Vif also functions through an unknown mechanism to induce G2 cell cycle arrest. Here, deep mutagenesis is used to define the Vif surface required for PPP2R5 degradation and isolate a panel of separation-of-function mutants (PPP2R5 degradation-deficient and APOBEC3G degradation-proficient). Functional studies with Vif and PPP2R5 mutants were combined to demonstrate that PPP2R5 is, in fact, the target Vif degrades to induce G2 arrest. Pharmacologic and genetic approaches show that direct modulation of PP2A function or depletion of specific PPP2R5 proteins causes an indistinguishable arrest phenotype. Vif function in the cell cycle checkpoint is present in common HIV-1 subtypes worldwide and likely advantageous for viral pathogenesis. Salamango et al. discovered that the HIV-1 accessory protein Vif degrades several PP2A phospho-regulators to induce G2 cell cycle arrest. This activity is prevalent among diverse HIV-1 subtypes and global viral populations, suggesting that virus-induced G2 arrest is advantageous for pathogenesis.
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30
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6,12-Diphenyl-3, 9-diazatetraasterane-1, 5, 7, 11-tetracarboxylate Inhibits Proliferation, Migration and Promotes Apoptosis in Ovarian Cancer Cells. DISEASE MARKERS 2020; 2020:5068067. [PMID: 32963636 PMCID: PMC7486641 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5068067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
6,12-Diphenyl-3,9-diazatetraasterane-1, 5, 7, 11-tetracarboxylate (DDTC) has been synthesized by the photodimerization of 4-phenyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate. The potential of theercvantitumor activity and mechanism were investigated in vitro using MTT assay in human lung cancer cell line A549, ovarian cancer cell lines SKOV3 and A2780, breast cancer cell line MCF-7, gastric cancer cell line BGC-823, colon cancer cell line HT29, prostate cancer cell line DU145, and liver cancer cell line SMMC7721. The results show that DDTC can inhibit the growth of ovarian cancer SKOV3 and A2780 cells. The best IC50 value is approximately 5.29 ± 0.38 and 4.29 ± 0.39 μM, respectively. DDTC induced the cell cycle arrest in the G2 phase by flow cytometric analysis. The migration and invasion of ovarian cancer SKOV3 and A2780 cells were inhibited by DDTC. DDTC could increase the expression protein level of E-cadherin in A2780 cells and ascend the expression protein and mRNA levels of E-cadherin in SKOV3 cells. DDTC could also decrease the protein and mRNA expression of EMT (epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition) markers of N-cadherin and Vimentin. mRNA and protein expression level of checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) were significantly increased and expressions of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK1) and cell division cycle 25a (Cdc25a) were decreased in the SKOV3 and A2780 cell lines. Moreover, DDTC induced apoptosis by the cleavage and activation of caspase 3 and caspase 9.
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31
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Hsu JL, Leu WJ, Hsu LC, Ho CH, Liu SP, Guh JH. Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitors Synergize Vincristine in Killing Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Through Amplifying Mitotic Arrest Signaling. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1274. [PMID: 32850387 PMCID: PMC7427565 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Combination therapies that display cancer-killing activities through either coexistent targeting of several cellular factors or more efficient suppression of a specific pathway are generally used in cancer treatment. Sildenafil, a specific phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor, has been suggested to display both cardioprotective and neuroprotective activities that provide a rationale for the combination with vincristine on the treatment against castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). In the present work, vincristine arrested cells in the metaphase stage of mitosis. Vincristine-induced mitotic arrest was identified by Cdk1 activation (i.e., increased Cdk1Thr161 phosphorylation and decreased Cdk1Tyr15 phosphorylation), cyclin B1 upregulation, and increased phosphorylation of multiple mitotic proteins and stathmin. Sildenafil synergistically potentiated vincristine-induced mitotic arrest and a dramatic increase of mitotic index. Furthermore, sildenafil potentiated vincristine-induced mitochondrial damage, including Mcl-1 downregulation, Bcl-2 phosphorylation and downregulation, Bak upregulation and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and sensitized caspase-dependent apoptotic cell death. Sildenafil-mediated synergistic effects were mimicked by other PDE5 inhibitors including vardenafil and tadalafil, and also by PDE5A knockdown in cells, suggesting PDE5-involved mechanism. Notably, sildenafil amplified vincristine-induced phosphorylation and cleavage of BUBR1, a protein kinase in spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) function and chromosome segregation. Sildenafil also significantly decreased kinetochore tension during SAC activation. Moreover, sildenafil synergized with vincristine on suppressing tumor growth in an in vivo model. In conclusion, the data suggest that sildenafil, in a PDE5-dependent manner, potentiates vincristine-induced mitotic arrest signaling, and sensitizes mitochondria damage–involved apoptosis in CRPC. Both in vitro and in vivo data suggest the combination potential of PDE5 inhibitors and vincristine on CRPC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Ling Hsu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacy, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, New Taipei city, Taiwan
| | - Wohn-Jenn Leu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lih-Ching Hsu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hsun Ho
- Department of Urology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ping Liu
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jih-Hwa Guh
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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32
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Zdioruk M, Want A, Mietelska-Porowska A, Laskowska-Kaszub K, Wojsiat J, Klejman A, Użarowska E, Koza P, Olejniczak S, Pikul S, Konopka W, Golab J, Wojda U. A New Inhibitor of Tubulin Polymerization Kills Multiple Cancer Cell Types and Reveals p21-Mediated Mechanism Determining Cell Death after Mitotic Catastrophe. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082161. [PMID: 32759730 PMCID: PMC7463620 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Induction of mitotic catastrophe through the disruption of microtubules is an established target in cancer therapy. However, the molecular mechanisms determining the mitotic catastrophe and the following apoptotic or non-apoptotic cell death remain poorly understood. Moreover, many existing drugs targeting tubulin, such as vincristine, have reduced efficacy, resulting from poor solubility in physiological conditions. Here, we introduce a novel small molecule 2-aminoimidazoline derivative—OAT-449, a synthetic water-soluble tubulin inhibitor. OAT-449 in a concentration range from 6 to 30 nM causes cell death of eight different cancer cell lines in vitro, and significantly inhibits tumor development in such xenograft models as HT-29 (colorectal adenocarcinoma) and SK-N-MC (neuroepithelioma) in vivo. Mechanistic studies showed that OAT-449, like vincristine, inhibited tubulin polymerization and induced profound multi-nucleation and mitotic catastrophe in cancer cells. HeLa and HT-29 cells within 24 h of treatment arrested in G2/M cell cycle phase, presenting mitotic catastrophe features, and 24 h later died by non-apoptotic cell death. In HT-29 cells, both agents altered phosphorylation status of Cdk1 and of spindle assembly checkpoint proteins NuMa and Aurora B, while G2/M arrest and apoptosis blocking was consistent with p53-independent accumulation in the nucleus and largely in the cytoplasm of p21/waf1/cip1, a key determinant of cell fate programs. This is the first common mechanism for the two microtubule-dissociating agents, vincristine and OAT-449, determining the cell death pathway following mitotic catastrophe demonstrated in HT-29 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mykola Zdioruk
- Laboratory of Preclinical Testing of Higher Standards, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Science, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (M.Z.); (A.W.); (A.M.-P.); (K.L.-K.); (J.W.)
| | - Andrew Want
- Laboratory of Preclinical Testing of Higher Standards, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Science, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (M.Z.); (A.W.); (A.M.-P.); (K.L.-K.); (J.W.)
| | - Anna Mietelska-Porowska
- Laboratory of Preclinical Testing of Higher Standards, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Science, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (M.Z.); (A.W.); (A.M.-P.); (K.L.-K.); (J.W.)
| | - Katarzyna Laskowska-Kaszub
- Laboratory of Preclinical Testing of Higher Standards, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Science, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (M.Z.); (A.W.); (A.M.-P.); (K.L.-K.); (J.W.)
| | - Joanna Wojsiat
- Laboratory of Preclinical Testing of Higher Standards, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Science, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (M.Z.); (A.W.); (A.M.-P.); (K.L.-K.); (J.W.)
| | - Agata Klejman
- Laboratory of Animal Models, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Science, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (A.K.); (E.U.); (P.K.); (W.K.)
| | - Ewelina Użarowska
- Laboratory of Animal Models, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Science, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (A.K.); (E.U.); (P.K.); (W.K.)
| | - Paulina Koza
- Laboratory of Animal Models, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Science, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (A.K.); (E.U.); (P.K.); (W.K.)
| | | | - Stanislaw Pikul
- OncoArendi Therapeutics, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland; (S.O.); (S.P.)
| | - Witold Konopka
- Laboratory of Animal Models, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Science, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (A.K.); (E.U.); (P.K.); (W.K.)
| | - Jakub Golab
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Urszula Wojda
- Laboratory of Preclinical Testing of Higher Standards, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Science, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (M.Z.); (A.W.); (A.M.-P.); (K.L.-K.); (J.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-5892578
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33
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Genome-scale screening of deubiquitinase subfamily identifies USP3 as a stabilizer of Cdc25A regulating cell cycle in cancer. Cell Death Differ 2020; 27:3004-3020. [PMID: 32415280 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-0557-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional screening methods for deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) have important limitations. A loss-of-function study based on the knockout of DUB genes in mammalian cells can provide an excellent model for exploring DUB function. Here, we used CRISPR-Cas9 to perform genome-scale knockout of the entire set of genes encoding ubiquitin-specific proteases (USPs), a DUB subfamily, and then systematically screened for DUBs that stabilize the Cdc25A oncoprotein. USP3 was identified as a deubiquitinase of Cdc25A. USP3 depletion reduces the Cdc25A protein level, resulting in a significant delay in cell-cycle progression, and reduces the growth of cervical tumor xenografts in nude mice. Clinically, USP3 expression is positively correlated with Cdc25A protein expression and the poorest survival in breast cancer. We envision that our DUB knockout library kit will facilitate genome-scale screening of functional DUBs for target proteins of interest in a wide range of biomedical fields.
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34
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The Cytomegalovirus Protein Kinase pUL97:Host Interactions, Regulatory Mechanisms and Antiviral Drug Targeting. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8040515. [PMID: 32260430 PMCID: PMC7232230 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8040515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) expresses a variety of viral regulatory proteins that undergo close interaction with host factors including viral-cellular multiprotein complexes. The HCMV protein kinase pUL97 represents a viral cyclin-dependent kinase ortholog (vCDK) that determines the efficiency of HCMV replication via phosphorylation of viral and cellular substrates. A hierarchy of functional importance of individual pUL97-mediated phosphorylation events has been discussed; however, the most pronounced pUL97-dependent phenotype could be assigned to viral nuclear egress, as illustrated by deletion of the UL97 gene or pharmacological pUL97 inhibition. Despite earlier data pointing to a cyclin-independent functionality, experimental evidence increasingly emphasized the role of pUL97-cyclin complexes. Consequently, the knowledge about pUL97 involvement in host interaction, viral nuclear egress and additional replicative steps led to the postulation of pUL97 as an antiviral target. Indeed, validation experiments in vitro and in vivo confirmed the sustainability of this approach. Consequently, current investigations of pUL97 in antiviral treatment go beyond the known pUL97-mediated ganciclovir prodrug activation and henceforward include pUL97-specific kinase inhibitors. Among a number of interesting small molecules analyzed in experimental and preclinical stages, maribavir is presently investigated in clinical studies and, in the near future, might represent a first kinase inhibitor applied in the field of antiviral therapy.
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Wang X, Shen J, Jiang F, Jin Q. The Photorhabdus Virulence Cassettes RRSP-Like Effector Interacts With Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 1 and Causes Mitotic Defects in Mammalian Cells. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:366. [PMID: 32231646 PMCID: PMC7082817 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The "Photorhabdus virulence cassettes" (PVCs) secreted by Photorhabdus are defined as "extracellular contractile injection systems" (eCISs) and can deliver effectors to eukaryotic hosts for cytotoxicity. Previously, we demonstrated the cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure and assembly process of an intact PVC particle from Photorhabdus asymbiotica. In this work, we characterized the biological functions of a PVC effector, which is defined as a homologous protein of Ras/Rap1-specific endopeptidase domain (RRSP) in the multifunctional autoprocessing repeats-in-toxin (MARTX) toxin from Vibrio vulnificus. In this work, we found that the RRSP homologous protein (RRSPPa) was associated with inhibition of cell proliferation and increased cell apoptosis and death of HeLa cells. Furthermore, we discovered that RRSPPa disturbed mitotic progression, including the induction of cell cycle alteration, retardation of cell abscission time, and regression of the cleavage furrow. In addition, we revealed that RRSPPa could target the cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) protein and block activation of CDK1 through inhibition of Thr161 phosphorylation, which partially explained the crucial role of this effector in cell mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Feng Jiang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Jin
- NHC Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Okazaki R, Yamazoe K, Inoue YH. Nuclear Export of Cyclin B Mediated by the Nup62 Complex Is Required for Meiotic Initiation in Drosophila Males. Cells 2020; 9:E270. [PMID: 31979075 PMCID: PMC7072204 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The central channel of the nuclear pore complex plays an important role in the selective transport of proteins between the nucleus and cytoplasm. Previous studies have demonstrated that the depletion of the Nup62 complex, constructing the nuclear pore channel in premeiotic Drosophila cells, resulted in the absence of meiotic cells. We attempted to understand the mechanism underlying the cell cycle arrest before meiosis. METHODS We induced dsRNAs against the nucleoporin mRNAs using the Gal4/UAS system in Drosophila. RESULTS The cell cycle of the Nup62-depleted cells was arrested before meiosis without CDK1 activation. The ectopic over-expression of CycB, but not constitutively active CDK1, resulted in partial rescue from the arrest. CycB continued to exist in the nuclei of Nup62-depleted cells and cells depleted of exportin encoded by emb. Protein complexes containing CycB, Emb, and Nup62 were observed in premeiotic spermatocytes. CycB, which had temporally entered the nucleus, was associated with Emb, and the complex was transported back to the cytoplasm through the central channel, interacting with the Nup62 complex. Conclusion: We proposed that CycB is exported with Emb through the channel interacting with the Nup62 complex before the onset of meiosis. The nuclear export ensures the modification and formation of sufficient CycB-CDK1 in the cytoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yoshihiro H. Inoue
- Department of Insect Biomedical Research, Center for Advanced Insect Research Promotion, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto, Japan; (R.O.); (K.Y.)
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Li S, Peng F, Ning Y, Jiang P, Peng J, Ding X, Zhang J, Jiang T, Xiang S. SNHG16 as the miRNA let-7b-5p sponge facilitates the G2/M and epithelial-mesenchymal transition by regulating CDC25B and HMGA2 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Cell Biochem 2019; 121:2543-2558. [PMID: 31696971 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play crucial roles in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of small nucleolar RNA host gene 16 (SNHG16) for regulating the cell cycle and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) remain elusive. In this study, SNHG16 expression profiles of HCC tissues or cell lines were compared with those of normal tissues or hepatocyte cell line. The effect of SNHG16 knockdown in HCC cell lines was investigated by using in vitro loss-of-function experiments and in vivo nude mouse experiments. The potential molecular regulatory mechanism of SNHG16 in HCC progression was investigated by using mechanistic experiments and rescue assays. The results revealed that SNHG16 was highly expressed in HCC tissues and cell lines, which predicted poor prognosis of HCC patients. On one hand, the downregulation of SNHG16 induced G2/M cell cycle arrest, inducing cell apoptosis and suppression of cell proliferation. On the other hand, it inhibited cell metastasis and EMT progression demonstrated by in vitro loss-of-function cell experiments. Besides, knockdown of SNHG16 increased the sensitivity of HCC cells to cisplatin. For the detailed mechanism, SNHG16 was demonstrated to act as a let-7b-5p sponge in HCC. SNHG16 facilitated the G2/M cell cycle transition by directly acting on the let-7b-5p/CDC25B/CDK1 axis, and promoted cell metastasis and EMT progression by regulating the let-7b-5p/HMGA2 axis in HCC. In addition, the mechanism of SNHG16 for regulating HCC cell proliferation and metastasis was further confirmed in vivo by mouse experiments. Furthermore, these results can provide new insights into HCC treatment and its molecular pathogenesis, which may enlighten the further research of the molecular pathogenesis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,Center for Systems Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Center of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Fujun Peng
- Center for Systems Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yichong Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Peng Jiang
- Suzhou Geneworks Technology Co, Ltd, Suzhou, China
| | - Jian Peng
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaofeng Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Taijiao Jiang
- Center for Systems Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Center of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Shuanglin Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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Quantitative proteomics indicate a strong correlation of mitotic phospho-/dephosphorylation with non-structured regions of substrates. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2019; 1868:140295. [PMID: 31676455 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2019.140295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation plays a critical role in the regulation and progression of mitosis. >40,000 phosphorylated residues and the associated kinases have been identified to date via proteomic analyses. Although some of these phosphosites are associated with regulation of either protein-protein interactions or the catalytic activity of the substrate protein, the roles of most mitotic phosphosites remain unclear. In this study, we examined structural properties of mitotic phosphosites and neighboring residues to understand the role of heavy phosphorylation in non-structured domains. Quantitative mass spectrometry analysis of mitosis-arrested and non-arrested HeLa cells revealed >4100 and > 2200 residues either significantly phosphorylated or dephosphorylated, respectively, at mitotic entry. The calculated disorder scores of amino acid sequences of neighboring individual phosphosites revealed that >70% of dephosphorylated phosphosites exist in disordered regions, whereas 50% of phosphorylated sites exist in non-structured domains. A clear inverse correlation was observed between probability of phosphorylation in non-structured domain and increment of phosphorylation in mitosis. These results indicate that at entry to mitosis, a significant number of phosphate groups are removed from non-structured domains and transferred to more-structured domains. Gene ontology term analysis revealed that mitosis-related proteins are heavily phosphorylated, whereas RNA-related proteins are both dephosphorylated and phosphorylated, suggesting that heavy phosphorylation/dephosphorylation in non-structured domains of RNA-binding proteins plays a role in dynamic rearrangement of RNA-containing organelles, as well as other intracellular environments.
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Lewis CW, Bukhari AB, Xiao EJ, Choi WS, Smith JD, Homola E, Mackey JR, Campbell SD, Gamper AM, Chan GK. Upregulation of Myt1 Promotes Acquired Resistance of Cancer Cells to Wee1 Inhibition. Cancer Res 2019; 79:5971-5985. [PMID: 31594837 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-1961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Adavosertib (also known as AZD1775 or MK1775) is a small-molecule inhibitor of the protein kinase Wee1, with single-agent activity in multiple solid tumors, including sarcoma, glioblastoma, and head and neck cancer. Adavosertib also shows promising results in combination with genotoxic agents such as ionizing radiation or chemotherapy. Previous studies have investigated molecular mechanisms of primary resistance to Wee1 inhibition. Here, we investigated mechanisms of acquired resistance to Wee1 inhibition, focusing on the role of the Wee1-related kinase Myt1. Myt1 and Wee1 kinases were both capable of phosphorylating and inhibiting Cdk1/cyclin B, the key enzymatic complex required for mitosis, demonstrating their functional redundancy. Ectopic activation of Cdk1 induced aberrant mitosis and cell death by mitotic catastrophe. Cancer cells with intrinsic adavosertib resistance had higher levels of Myt1 compared with sensitive cells. Furthermore, cancer cells that acquired resistance following short-term adavosertib treatment had higher levels of Myt1 compared with mock-treated cells. Downregulating Myt1 enhanced ectopic Cdk1 activity and restored sensitivity to adavosertib. These data demonstrate that upregulating Myt1 is a mechanism by which cancer cells acquire resistance to adavosertib. SIGNIFICANCE: Myt1 is a candidate predictive biomarker of acquired resistance to the Wee1 kinase inhibitor adavosertib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody W Lewis
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Experimental Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Amirali B Bukhari
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Experimental Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Edric J Xiao
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Won-Shik Choi
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Experimental Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Joanne D Smith
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Experimental Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ellen Homola
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - John R Mackey
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Medical Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Shelagh D Campbell
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Armin M Gamper
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Experimental Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gordon K Chan
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. .,Experimental Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Sun G, Song H, Wu S. miR‑19a promotes vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, migration and invasion through regulation of Ras homolog family member B. Int J Mol Med 2019; 44:1991-2002. [PMID: 31573047 PMCID: PMC6844633 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic patients with high glucose exhibit vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) alteration. Thrombotic disease is related to erosion of an unstable plaque, the instability of which leads to ruptures, for example, a thin fibrous cap derived from VSMCs. VSMC proliferation, migration and invasion are related to thrombotic diseases, including atherosclerosis. MicroRNA-19a (miR-19a) has been reported to have pleiotropic functions in cancer cell survival, apoptosis and migration. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of miR-19a on VSMC proliferation, migration and invasion, and its mechanism. Cell Counting Kit-8 and a propidium iodide kit were used to determine the proliferation and cycle of VSMCs. A cell migration assay was performed by scratching and Matrigel was used in a cell invasion assay. miR-19a binding to Ras homolog family member B (RHOB), and their protein and mRNA expressions were determined by performing a dual luciferase assay, western blotting and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, respectively. It was demonstrated that miR-19a promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of VSMCs, promoted the expressions of dual specificity phosphatase Cdc25A (CDC25A), cyclinD1, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and smooth muscle 22α (SM22α), and inhibited suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 and RHOB expressions in VSMCs, while miR-19a had no effect on the expression of T-cell intracellular antigen-1. The miR-19a site bound to the RHOB gene position and inhibited RHOB to promote VSMC proliferation, invasion and migration, and increased MMP-2, MMP-9, α-SMA and SM22α expressions. The present study suggested that miR-19a could promote VSMC proliferation, migration and invasion via the cyclinD1/CDC25A and MMP/α-SMA/SM22α signaling pathways. Moreover, miR-19a promoted proliferation, migration and invasion via the MMP/α-SMA/SM22α signaling pathway by inhibiting RHOB, suggesting that miR-19a is a possible regulatory factor of RHOB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gengxin Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Center for Clinical Medical Research of Cardiovascular Diseases in Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Hui Song
- Electrocardiographic Room, Ankang Central Hospital, Ankang, Shaanxi 725000, P.R. China
| | - Suya Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Xingyuan Hospital, Yulin, Shaanxi 719000, P.R. China
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Peng Y, Fu S, Hu W, Qiu Y, Zhang L, Tan R, Sun LQ. Glutamine synthetase facilitates cancer cells to recover from irradiation-induced G2/M arrest. Cancer Biol Ther 2019; 21:43-51. [PMID: 31526079 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2019.1665394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance to radiation of cancer cells can be either intrinsic or acquired, leading to treatment failure. In response to DNA damage caused by IR, cancer cells are arrested in cell cycle showing limited proliferation and increased apoptosis. However, radiation-resistant cells are able to overcome the cell cycle block and proceed to proliferation, for which the detailed mechanism remains to be elucidated. In the present study, we showed that radioresistant cells exhibited a recoverable G2/M phase during prolonged cell cycle and manifested lower apoptosis rate and more colony formation. RNA-seq analysis revealed that glutamine synthetase (GS, GLUL) gene was highly expressed in radioresistant cancer cells in comparison with the parental cells, which was in accordance with the G2/M arrest after ionizing radiation. Knocking out of GS in radioresistant cells resulted in a delayed G2/M recovery and lowered proliferation rate after ionizing radiation treatment, which was accompanied with increased inhibitory phosphorylation of CDK1 at Y15 and downregulated Cdc25B, a dual specific phosphatase of CDK1. Moreover, there was an enhanced complex formation of CDK1 and Cyclin B1 when the cells were rescued by re-introducing GS. In vivo, knocking down of GS significantly sensitized CNE2-R xenografts to RT in mice. In this study, we demonstrate a novel role of glutamine synthetase independent of metabolic function in promoting recovery from G2/M arrest caused by ionizing radiation, thus, causing cancer cell resistance to radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanni Peng
- Departmen of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shujun Fu
- Departmen of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of MolecularRadiation Oncology Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Wenfeng Hu
- Departmen of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of MolecularRadiation Oncology Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Yanfang Qiu
- Departmen of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Departmen of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of MolecularRadiation Oncology Hunan Province, Changsha, China
| | - Rong Tan
- Departmen of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of MolecularRadiation Oncology Hunan Province, Changsha, China.,Hunan International Science and Technology Collaboration Base of Precision Medicine for Cancer, Changsha, China
| | - Lun-Quan Sun
- Departmen of Oncology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of MolecularRadiation Oncology Hunan Province, Changsha, China.,Hunan International Science and Technology Collaboration Base of Precision Medicine for Cancer, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Gerontology, Changsha, China
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Pranatharthi A, Thomas P, Udayashankar AH, Bhavani C, Suresh SB, Krishna S, Thatte J, Srikantia N, Ross CR, Srivastava S. RhoC regulates radioresistance via crosstalk of ROCK2 with the DNA repair machinery in cervical cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:392. [PMID: 31488179 PMCID: PMC6729006 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1385-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Radioresistance remains a challenge to the successful treatment of various tumors. Intrinsic factors like alterations in signaling pathways regulate response to radiation. RhoC, which has been shown to modulate several tumor phenotypes has been investigated in this report for its role in radioresistance. In vitro and clinical sample-based studies have been performed to understand its contribution to radiation response in cervical cancer and this is the first report to establish the role of RhoC and its effector ROCK2 in cervical cancer radiation response. Methods Biochemical, transcriptomic and immunological approaches including flow cytometry and immunofluorescence were used to understand the role of RhoC and ROCK2. RhoC variants, siRNA and chemical inhibitors were used to alter the function of RhoC and ROCK2. Transcriptomic profiling was performed to understand the gene expression pattern of the cells. Live sorting using an intracellular antigen has been developed to isolate the cells for transcriptomic studies. Results Enhanced expression of RhoC conferred radioprotection on the tumor cells while inhibition of RhoC resulted in sensitization of cells to radiation. The RhoC overexpressing cells had a better DNA repair machinery as observed using transcriptomic analysis. Similarly, overexpression of ROCK2, protected tumor cells against radiation while its inhibition increased radiosensitivity in vitro. Further investigations revealed that ROCK2 inhibition abolished the radioresistance phenotype, conferred by RhoC on SiHa cells, confirming that it is a downstream effector of RhoC in this context. Additionally, transcriptional analysis of the live sorted ROCK2 high and ROCK2 low expressing SiHa cells revealed an upregulation of the DNA repair pathway proteins. Consequently, inhibition of ROCK2 resulted in reduced expression of pH2Ax and MRN complex proteins, critical to repair of double strand breaks. Clinical sample-based studies also demonstrated that ROCK2 inhibition sensitizes tumor cells to irradiation. Conclusions Our data primarily indicates that RhoC and ROCK2 signaling is important for the radioresistance phenotype in cervical cancer tumor cells and is regulated via association of ROCK2 with the proteins of DNA repair pathway involving pH2Ax, MRE11 and RAD50 proteins, partly offering insights into the mechanism of radioresistance in tumor cells. These findings highlight RhoC-ROCK2 signaling involvement in DNA repair and urge the need for development of these molecules as targets to alleviate the non-responsiveness of cervical cancer tumor cells to irradiation treatment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-019-1385-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annapurna Pranatharthi
- National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS), Bangalore, 560065, India.,Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bangalore, 560041, India.,Translational and Molecular Biology Laboratory (TMBL), Department of Medicine, St. John's Medical College Hospital (SJMCH), Bangalore, 560034, India
| | - Pavana Thomas
- School of Integrative Health Sciences, The University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology (TDU), Bangalore, 560064, India.,Translational and Molecular Biology Laboratory (TMBL), St. John's Research Institute (SJRI), Bangalore, 560034, India
| | - Avinash H Udayashankar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, St John's Medical College Hospital (SJMCH), Bangalore, 560034, India
| | - Chandra Bhavani
- Translational and Molecular Biology Laboratory (TMBL), St. John's Research Institute (SJRI), Bangalore, 560034, India
| | - Srinag Bangalore Suresh
- Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bangalore, 560041, India.,Translational and Molecular Biology Laboratory (TMBL), Department of Medicine, St. John's Medical College Hospital (SJMCH), Bangalore, 560034, India
| | - Sudhir Krishna
- National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS), Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - Jayashree Thatte
- National Centre for Biological Sciences (NCBS), Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - Nirmala Srikantia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, St John's Medical College Hospital (SJMCH), Bangalore, 560034, India
| | - Cecil R Ross
- Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bangalore, 560041, India.,Translational and Molecular Biology Laboratory (TMBL), Department of Medicine, St. John's Medical College Hospital (SJMCH), Bangalore, 560034, India
| | - Sweta Srivastava
- Translational and Molecular Biology Laboratory (TMBL), Department of Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, St. John's Medical College Hospital (SJMCH), Bangalore, 560034, India. .,School of Integrative Health Sciences, The University of Trans-Disciplinary Health Sciences and Technology (TDU), Bangalore, 560064, India.
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Investigation of Precise Molecular Mechanistic Action of Tobacco-Associated Carcinogen `NNK´ Induced Carcinogenesis: A System Biology Approach. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10080564. [PMID: 31357510 PMCID: PMC6723528 DOI: 10.3390/genes10080564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second deadliest disease listed by the WHO. One of the major causes of cancer disease is tobacco and consumption possibly due to its main component, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK). A plethora of studies have been conducted in the past aiming to decipher the association of NNK with other diseases. However, it is strongly linked with cancer development. Despite these studies, a clear molecular mechanism and the impact of NNK on various system-level networks is not known. In the present study, system biology tools were employed to understand the key regulatory mechanisms and the perturbations that will happen in the cellular processes due to NNK. To investigate the system level influence of the carcinogen, NNK rewired protein–protein interaction network (PPIN) was generated from 544 reported proteins drawn out from 1317 articles retrieved from PubMed. The noise was removed from PPIN by the method of modulation. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment was performed on the seed proteins extracted from various modules to find the most affected pathways by the genes/proteins. For the modulation, Molecular COmplex DEtection (MCODE) was used to generate 19 modules containing 115 seed proteins. Further, scrutiny of the targeted biomolecules was done by the graph theory and molecular docking. GO enrichment analysis revealed that mostly cell cycle regulatory proteins were affected by NNK.
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Huguet F, Flynn S, Vagnarelli P. The Role of Phosphatases in Nuclear Envelope Disassembly and Reassembly and Their Relevance to Pathologies. Cells 2019; 8:cells8070687. [PMID: 31284660 PMCID: PMC6678589 DOI: 10.3390/cells8070687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of kinases in the regulation of cell cycle transitions is very well established, however, over the past decade, studies have identified the ever-growing importance of phosphatases in these processes. It is well-known that an intact or otherwise non-deformed nuclear envelope (NE) is essential for maintaining healthy cells and any deviation from this can result in pathological conditions. This review aims at assessing the current understanding of how phosphatases contribute to the remodelling of the nuclear envelope during its disassembling and reformation after cell division and how errors in this process may lead to the development of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florentin Huguet
- College of Health and Life Science, Research Institute for Environment Health and Society, Brunel University London, London UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Shane Flynn
- College of Health and Life Science, Research Institute for Environment Health and Society, Brunel University London, London UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Paola Vagnarelli
- College of Health and Life Science, Research Institute for Environment Health and Society, Brunel University London, London UB8 3PH, UK.
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Fei F, Qu J, Liu K, Li C, Wang X, Li Y, Zhang S. The subcellular location of cyclin B1 and CDC25 associated with the formation of polyploid giant cancer cells and their clinicopathological significance. J Transl Med 2019; 99:483-498. [PMID: 30487595 DOI: 10.1038/s41374-018-0157-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs) are key contributors to cancer heterogeneity, and the formation of PGCCs is associated with changes in the expression of cell-cycle-related proteins. This study investigated the intracellular localization and expression level of multiple cell-cycle-related proteins in PGCCs derived from BT-549 and HEY cells. In addition, the formation of PGCCs and the clinicopathological significance of cell-cycle-related proteins in human breast and ovarian cancer were examined. The expression levels of cell-cycle-related proteins, including cyclin B1, CDC25B, CDC25C, and other cell cycle phosphoproteins, including Chk2, and Aurora-A kinase, were determined using immunostaining and western blotting both in vitro and in vivo. Migration, invasion, and proliferation in control cells, cyclin B1 knockdown cells and their PGCCs following CoCl2 treatment were compared. In addition, human breast and ovarian cancer samples were collected to determine the correlation of number of PGCCs, expression of cell-cycle-related proteins, and tumor pathologic grade and metastasis. Our results confirm that cyclin B1 was localized in the cytoplasm of PGCCs and in the nuclei of their budding daughter cells. The phosphorylated proteins Chk2 and Aurora-A kinase regulated the expression and subcellular localization of cyclin B1, CDC25B, and CDC25C. The rate of positive cytoplasmic staining of cyclin B1 and positive nuclear staining of both CDC25B and CDC25C increased with increase in tumor grade and lymph node metastasis. Cell-cycle-related proteins, including cyclin B1, CDC25B, and CDC25C play an important role in regulating the formation of PGCCs. The inhibition of cyclinB1 and CoCl2 treatment significantly promoted cell proliferation, invasion, and migration abilities. The subcellular localization of these cell-cycle-related proteins was regulated by other cell cycle phosphoproteins, and was associated with pathologic grade and metastasis of tumors in cases of human breast and ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Fei
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.,Departments of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, 300121, China
| | - Jie Qu
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.,Departments of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, 300121, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Chunyuan Li
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.,Departments of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, 300121, China
| | - Xinlu Wang
- Departments of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, 300121, China.,Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuwei Li
- Departments of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, 300121, China
| | - Shiwu Zhang
- Departments of Pathology, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, 300121, China.
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Goto H, Natsume T, Kanemaki MT, Kaito A, Wang S, Gabazza EC, Inagaki M, Mizoguchi A. Chk1-mediated Cdc25A degradation as a critical mechanism for normal cell cycle progression. J Cell Sci 2019; 132:jcs.223123. [PMID: 30635443 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.223123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chk1 (encoded by CHEK1 in mammals) is an evolutionarily conserved protein kinase that transduces checkpoint signals from ATR to Cdc25A during the DNA damage response (DDR). In mammals, Chk1 also controls cellular proliferation even in the absence of exogenous DNA damage. However, little is known about how Chk1 regulates unperturbed cell cycle progression, and how this effect under physiological conditions differs from its regulatory role in DDR. Here, we have established near-diploid HCT116 cell lines containing endogenous Chk1 protein tagged with a minimum auxin-inducible degron (mAID) through CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing. Establishment of these cells enabled us to induce specific and rapid depletion of the endogenous Chk1 protein, which resulted in aberrant accumulation of DNA damage factors that induced cell cycle arrest at S or G2 phase. Cdc25A was stabilized upon Chk1 depletion before the accumulation of DNA damage factors. Simultaneous depletion of Chk1 and Cdc25A partially suppressed the defects caused by Chk1 single depletion. These results indicate that, similar to its function in DDR, Chk1 controls normal cell cycle progression mainly by inducing Cdc25A degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidemasa Goto
- Department of Neural Regeneration and Cell Communication, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Toyoaki Natsume
- Department of Chromosome Science, National Institute of Genetics, Research Organization of Information and Systems (ROIS), Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan.,Department of Genetics, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Masato T Kanemaki
- Department of Chromosome Science, National Institute of Genetics, Research Organization of Information and Systems (ROIS), Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan.,Department of Genetics, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Aika Kaito
- Department of Physiology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Shujie Wang
- Department of Neural Regeneration and Cell Communication, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Esteban C Gabazza
- Department of Immunology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Masaki Inagaki
- Department of Physiology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Akira Mizoguchi
- Department of Neural Regeneration and Cell Communication, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
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Zhu Y, Li F, Shi W, Zhai C, Wang J, Yan X, Wang Q, Zhang Q, Yang L, Gao L, Li M. COP9 signalosome subunit 6 mediates PDGF -induced pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells proliferation. Exp Cell Res 2018; 371:379-388. [PMID: 30180991 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Up-regulation of mammalian COP9 signalosome subunit 6 (CSN6) and consequent reduction of SCF ubiquitin ligase substrate receptor β-transduction repeat-containing protein (β-TrCP) have been shown to be associated with cancer cells proliferation. However, it is unclear whether CSN6 and β-TrCP are also involved in PDGF-induced pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) proliferation. This study aims to address this issue and further explore its potential mechanisms. Our results indicated that PDGF phosphorylated Akt, stimulated PASMCs proliferation; while inhibition of PDGF receptor (PDGFR) by imatinib prevented these effects. PDGF further up-regulated CSN6 protein expression, this was accompanied with β-TrCP reduction and increase of Cdc25A. Inhibition of PDGFR/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway reversed PDGF-induced such changes and cell proliferation. Prior transfection of CSN6 siRNA blocked PDGF-induced β-TrCP down-regulation, Cdc25A up-regulation and cell proliferation. Furthermore, pre-treatment of cells with MG-132 also abolished PDGF-induced β-TrCP reduction, Cdc25A elevation and cell proliferation. In addition, pre-depletion of Cdc25A by siRNA transfection suppressed PDGF-induced PASMCs proliferation. Taken together, our study indicates that up-regulation of CSN6 by PDGFR/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway decreases β-TrCP by increasing its ubiquitinated degradation, and thereby increases the expression of Cdc25A, which promotes PDGF-induced PASMCs proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Zhu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangwei Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhua Shi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Cui Zhai
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Yan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingting Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Gao
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Manxiang Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, People's Republic of China.
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Ghaffari-Nasab A, Mirzaie Bavil F, Ghiasi R, Sadigh-Eteghad S, Alipour MR. Effects of IMOD ™ on angiogenesis, miR-503 and CDC25 expression levels in heart tissue of diabetic male rats. AVICENNA JOURNAL OF PHYTOMEDICINE 2018; 8:152-160. [PMID: 29632846 DOI: 10.22038/ajp.2017.23107.1856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diabetes is associated with vascular complications and impaired angiogenesis. Since angiogenesis plays a crucial role in vascular homeostasis in ischemic heart diseases, in this study, the effect of IMOD™ on miR-503 and CDC25 expression level which are altered in impaired angiogenesis were investigated in heart tissue of diabetic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty male Wistar rats (200-250 g) were randomly classified into 4 groups: control (C), IMOD™ (I), diabetes (D), and diabetes+IMOD™ (D+I). For induction of experimental diabetes in animals, a single dose of streptozotocin (STZ; 60mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally. After 8 weeks of treatment with IMOD™ (20 mg/kg/day), heart tissue samples were removed and used for measurement of miR-503 and CDC25 expression level as well as histological studies. RESULTS Results of this study showed that diabetes decreased heart tissue angiogenesis which was associated with increased miR-503 and reduced CDC25 expression levels (p<0.05) and IMOD™ could reduce the expression of miR-503 and increase the expression of CDC25 (p<0.05). Moreover, IMOD™ extensively induced angiogenesis in the heart tissue of diabetic group. However, IMOD™ had no significant effect on expressions of miR-503 and CDC25, or angiogenesis in healthy rats. CONCLUSION This study showed that IMOD™ is able to increase angiogenesis in the heart tissue of diabetic rats. The angiogenic effect of IMOD™ is associated with reduction of miR-503 expression and increased expression of CDC25.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fariba Mirzaie Bavil
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Rafigheh Ghiasi
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Paterson YZ, Shorthouse D, Pleijzier MW, Piterman N, Bendtsen C, Hall BA, Fisher J. A toolbox for discrete modelling of cell signalling dynamics. Integr Biol (Camb) 2018; 10:370-382. [DOI: 10.1039/c8ib00026c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We present a library of network motifs for the development of complex and realistic biological network models using the BioModelAnalyzer, and demonstrate their wider value by using them to construct a model of the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nir Piterman
- Department of Informatics
- University of Leicester
- Leicester
- UK
| | - Claus Bendtsen
- Quantitative Biology
- Discovery Sciences
- IMED Biotech Unit
- AstraZeneca
- Cambridge
| | | | - Jasmin Fisher
- Department of Biochemistry
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge
- UK
- Microsoft Research
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50
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A comprehensive complex systems approach to the study and analysis of mammalian cell cycle control system in the presence of DNA damage stress. J Theor Biol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2017.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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